विकिपिडिया newiki https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपिडिया विकिपिडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता ढाँचा ढाँचा वार्ता मद्दत मद्दत वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता पोर्टल पोर्टल वार्ता मस्यौदा मस्यौदा वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मोड्युल मोड्युल वार्तालाप Event Event talk 0 2587 1368020 1273937 2026-07-31T05:02:41Z ~2026-42381-21 80055 /* घरेलु औषधि प्रयोग */ 1368020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name=मधुमेह | other_name = ''डाइबिटीज मिलाइटस'' | Image=Blue circle for diabetes.svg | Caption= मधुमेहको विश्वव्यापी चिह्न 'नीलो वृत'<ref>{{cite web|title=मधुमेहको विश्वव्यापी चिह्न 'नीलो वृत'|url=http://www.diabetesbluecircle.org|date=17 March 2006|publisher=अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मधुमेह महासङ्घ}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805042346/http://www.diabetesbluecircle.org/ |date=5 August 2007 }}</ref> | ICD10={{ICD10|E|10||e|10}}–{{ICD10|E|14||e|10}} | ICD9={{ICD9|250}} | MedlinePlus=001214 | EMedicineSubj=med | EMedicineTopic=546 | EMedicine_mult={{eMedicine2|emerg|134}} | MeshName=मधुमेह | MeshNumber=C18.452.394.750 }} '''मधुमेह'''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा डायबिटिज, डायबिटिज मिलाइटस वा डायबिडिज मलाइटस (अमेरिकामा) भनिन्छ भने नेपालीमा चिनीरोग भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। मानव शरीरमा हुने विभिन्न रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाका कारण [[रगत]]मा लामो समयसम्म चिनीको मात्रा बढी हुने रोगहरूलाई सामूहिक रूपमा अङ्ग्रेजीमा डायबिटिज मिलाइटस भन्ने गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=About diabetes|url=http://www.who.int/diabetes/action_online/basics/en/|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=4 April 2014}}</ref> रगतमा चिनीको मात्रा बढी भएपछि तारनतार पिसाब लाग्ने, धेरै तिर्खा र भोक लाग्ने जस्ता लक्षणहरू देखिन्छन्। उपचार गरेन भने मधुमेहले धेरै जटिलताहरू निम्त्याउन सक्छ। छोटो अवधिका लागि देखिने कडा खालका जटिलताहरू डायबेटिक केटोएसिडोसिस र नन्केटोटिक हाइपरोस्मोलार कोमा हुन् भने<ref name=WHO2013/> लामो अवधिसम्म रहने जटिलताहरूमा मुटु तथा रक्तनलीका रोगहरू (कार्डियोभास्कुलर डिजिजेज), स्ट्रोक, [[मृगौला|मिर्गौला]]को खराबी, खुट्टामा हुने अल्सर तथा आँखामा खराबी आउने जस्ता समस्याहरू पर्दछन्।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kitabchi|first1=AE|last2=Umpierrez|first2=GE|last3=Miles|first3=JM|last4=Fisher|first4=JN|title=Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes.|journal=Diabetes Care|date=Jul 2009|volume=32|issue=7|pages=1335–43|pmid=19564476|doi=10.2337/dc09-9032|pmc=2699725 | issn=0149-5992}}</ref> मधुमेह [[पेन्क्रियाज]]ले पर्याप्त मात्रामा [[इन्सुलिन]] उत्पादन गर्न नसकेमा वा उत्पादन भएको इन्सुलिनप्रति शरीरका कोषहरूले राम्रोसँग प्रतिक्रिया जनाउन नसकेमा उत्पन्न हुने समस्या हो। मधुमेहलाई मुख्यतया तीन प्रकारमा बाँडिएको छ:<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/|work=WHO|accessdate=25 March 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> *[[टाइप वान डायबिटिज]] (पहिलो प्रकारको मधुमेह) मानिसको पेन्क्रियाजले पर्याप्त मात्रामा इन्सुलिन उत्पादन गर्न नसकेका कारण देखिने समस्या हो। यसलाई पहिला "इन्सुलिनमा आधारित डायबिटिज मिलाइटस" वा "अपरिपक्व मधुमेह" भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। के कारणले गर्दा पेन्क्रियाजले पर्याप्त मात्रामा इन्सुलिन उत्पादन गर्न सक्दैन भन्ने तथ्य हालसम्म पत्ता लागेको छैन।<ref name=WHO2013/> * [[टाइप टू डायबिटिज]] (दोस्रो प्रकारको मधुमेह) इन्सुलिनको प्रतिरोधका कारण उत्पन्न हुने समस्या हो। यस्तो अवस्थामा शरीरका कोषहरूले इन्सुलिनप्रति राम्रोसँग प्रतिक्रिया जनाउन सक्दैनन्।<ref name=WHO2013/> रोग बढ्दै गएपछि इन्सुलिनको अभाव पनि देखिन सक्छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=RSSDI textbook of diabetes mellitus.|date=2012|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9789350254899|page=235|edition=Rev. 2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7H6mYolrtUMC&pg=PA235}}</ref> यसलाई पहिला "इन्सुलिनमा आधारित नहुने डायबिटिज मिलाइटस" वा "परिपक्व हुन लागेको मधुमेह" भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। अत्याधिक तौल तथा अपर्याप्त शारीरिक व्यायाम टाइप टू डायबिटिजका प्रमुख कारकहरू हुन्।<ref name=WHO2013/> *[[गर्भावस्थामा हुने मधुमेह]] तेस्रो मुख्य प्रकारको मधुमेह हो। यस्तो मधुमेह गर्भवती महिलामा पहिला कहिल्यै नभएको भए पनि रगतमा चिनीको मात्रा बढेर अचानक देखा पर्ने गर्दछ।<ref name=WHO2013/> मधुमेहबाट बच्न तथा यसको उपचारको लागि स्वास्थ्य्यकर भोजन खाने, शारीरिक व्यायाम गर्ने, शरीरको तौल सामान्य राख्ने तथा सुर्तीजन्य पदार्थहरू नखाने गर्नु पर्छ। मधुमेहका रोगीहरूले रक्तचाप नियन्त्रणमा राख्नु तथा खुट्टाहरूको हेरविचार गर्नु आवस्यक हुन्छ। टाइप वान डायबिटिजलाई (पहिलो प्रकारको मधुमेह) इन्सुलिनको सुई लगाएर उपचार गर्नु पर्छ।<ref name=WHO2013/> टाइप टू डायबिटिजको (दोस्रो प्रकारको मधुमेह) उपचार अन्य औषधिहरूको साथमा इन्सुलिन दिएर वा नदिइकन गर्ने गरिन्छ।<ref name=WHO2013Top10>{{cite web|title=The top 10 causes of death Fact sheet N°310|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/|work=World Health Organization|date=Oct 2013}}</ref> इन्सुलिन तथा केही मुखबाट खुवाइने औषधिहरूले रगतमा हुने चिनीको मात्रा घटाउन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rippe|first1=edited by Richard S. Irwin, James M.|title=Manual of intensive care medicine|date=2010|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780781799928|page=549|edition=5th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbxupW1EHIcC&pg=PA549}}</ref> मोटोपन भएका तथा टाइप टू डायबिटिज (दोस्रो प्रकारको मधुमेह) लागेका व्यक्तिहरूमा तौल घटाउने सर्जरी पनि कहिलेकाहिँ लाभदायक हुने गरेको छ।<ref name=Picot2009>{{cite journal |last=Picot |first=J|author2=Jones, J|author3=Colquitt, JL|author4=Gospodarevskaya, E|author5=Loveman, E|author6=Baxter, L|author7=Clegg, AJ|title=The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation |journal=Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)|date=September 2009|volume=13 |issue=41 |pages=1–190, 215–357, iii–iv|pmid=19726018 |doi=10.3310/hta13410}}</ref> गर्भावस्थामा हुने मधुमेह साधारणतया बच्चा जन्माइसकेपछि हराएर जाने गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cash|first1=Jill|title=Family Practice Guidelines|date=2014|publisher=Springer |isbn=9780826168757|page=396|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCjcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA396}}</ref> एक अनुमानित तथ्याङ्क अनुसार सन् २०१५ मा विश्वभर ४१ करोड ५० लाख मानिसलाई मधुमेह रोग लागेको थियो।<ref name=IDF2015>{{cite web|title=Update 2015|url=http://www.diabetesatlas.org/|website=IDF|page=13|publisher=International Diabetes Federation|accessdate=21 Mar 2016}}</ref> जसमध्ये करीब ९०% लाई टाइप टू डायबेटिज (दोस्रो प्रकारको मधुमेह) लागेको थियो।<ref name=Will2011>{{cite book|title=Williams textbook of endocrinology|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-4377-0324-5|pages=1371–1435|edition=12th}}</ref><ref name=Shi2014>{{cite journal|last1=Shi|first1=Yuankai|last2=Hu|first2=Frank B|title=The global implications of diabetes and cancer|journal=The Lancet|date=7 June 2014|volume=383|issue=9933|pages=1947–8|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60886-2 |pmid=24910221 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(14)60886-2}}</ref> यो सङ्ख्या विश्वभरका वयस्कहरूको जनसङ्ख्याको ८.३% हो।<ref name=Shi2014/> मधुमेह रोग लाग्ने दर महिला र पुरुषमा बराबर हुन्छ।<ref name=Vos2012>{{cite journal | author = Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V| title = Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2163–96 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245607 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2|display-authors=etal}}</ref> मधुमेहका कारण सन् २०१२ देखि २०१५ सम्म प्रत्येक वर्ष १५ लाखदेखि ५० लाख मानिसको मृत्यु भएको अनुमान गरिएको थियो।<ref name=WHO2013Top10/><ref name=IDF2015/> मधुमेहले मानिसको मृत्यु हुने सम्भावनालाई दोब्बर बनाउँछ।<ref name=WHO2013/> सन् २०३५ सम्ममा विश्वभर मधुमेहका रोगीहरूको सङ्ख्या करीब ५९ करोड २० लाख पुग्ने अनुमान गरिएको छ।<ref name=IDF2014>{{cite web|title=Update 2014|url=http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/update-2014|website=IDF|publisher=International Diabetes Federation|accessdate=29 November 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530053123/http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/update-2014 |date=30 May 2015 }}</ref> सन् २०१४ मा मात्रै विश्वभर करीब ६१ करोड २० लाख अमेरिकी डलर मधुमेहका लागि खर्च गरिएको अनुमान गरिन्छ।<ref name=IDF2013>{{cite book|title=IDF DIABETES ATLAS|date=2013|publisher=International Diabetes Federation|isbn=2930229853|edition=6th|page=7|url=http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/EN_6E_Atlas_Full_0.pdf}}</ref> अर्को तथ्याङ्क अनुसार सन् २०१२ मा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा मात्रै करीब २४ करोड ५० लाख अमेरिकी डलर मधुमेहका लागि खर्च गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=American Diabetes|first1=Association|title=Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012.|journal=Diabetes Care|date=Apr 2013|volume=36|issue=4|pages=1033–46|pmid=23468086|doi=10.2337/dc12-2625|pmc=3609540}}</ref> ==लक्षण तथा चिह्नहरू== [[File:Main symptoms of diabetes hi.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|मधुमेहका मुख्य लक्षण तथा चिह्नहरू]] उपचार नगरिएका मधुमेहका रोगीहरूमा साधारणतया तौल घट्ने, धेरै पटक पिसाब लाग्ने (पोलियुरिया), धेरै तिर्खा लाग्ने (पोलिडिप्सिया) तथा धेरै भोक लाग्ने (पोलिफेइजिया) जस्ता लक्षणहरू देखिन्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal | author = Cooke DW, Plotnick L | title = Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics | journal = Pediatr Rev | volume = 29 | issue = 11 | pages = 374–84; quiz 385 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18977856 | doi = 10.1542/pir.29-11-374 }}</ref> टाइप वान डायबिटिजमा (पहिलो प्रकारको मधुमेह) लक्षणहरू छिट्टै (हप्ता वा महिना) देखा पर्छन् तर टाइप टू डायबिटिज (पहिलो प्रकारको मधुमेह) लागेको बेलामा लक्षणहरू बिस्तारै तथा थोरै मात्र देखिने वा नदेखिने हुन सक्छ। मधुमेहका विशेष लक्षण नभए पनि केही अन्य लक्षणहरूले पनि यो रोग लागेको जनाउ दिन सक्छन्। आँखा धमिलो देख्ने, टाउको दुख्ने, थकाइ लाग्ने, काटेका घाऊहरू ढिलो निको हुने र छाला चिलाउने आदि यसका थप लक्षणहरू हुन्। यदि रगतमा ग्लुकोजको मात्रा लामो समयसम्म बढी भएमा आँखाको लेन्समा पनि ग्लुकोज जम्मा भएर यसको आकार बढ्न जान्छ र आँखाको दृष्टि परिवर्तन हुन्छ। मधुमेह लागेको बेलामा शरीरका केही विशेष भागमा खटिराहरू देखिन सक्छन्। यस्ता खटिराहरूलाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा डाइबिटिक डर्माड्रोम्स भनेर चिनिन्छ। ==मधुमेहका कारण हुने आकस्मिक समस्याहरू== पहिलो तथा दोस्रो प्रकारको मधुमेह लागेका प्राय मानिसहरूमा रगतमा चिनीको मात्रा कम हुने समस्या पनि देखिने गर्दछ। धेरैजसो अवस्थाहरू मन्द खालका हुने हुनाले यसलाई गम्भीर स्वास्थ्य्य समस्याको रूपमा लिइँदैन। मन्द खालका अवस्थाहरूमा आत्तिने, अप्ठेरो महशुस हुने, धेरै पसिना आउने, शरीर काप्ने तथा खाना बढी रुच्ने हुन्छ भने गम्भीर मधुमेह लागेका मानिसहरूमा अलमल हुने, व्यवहार परिवर्तन हुने, मुर्छा पर्ने (सिजर), बेहोस हुने तथा कहिलेकाहिँ (दुर्लभ) स्थायी रूपमा मस्तिस्कमा क्षति हुने वा मृत्यु हुने जस्ता समस्याहरू देखिन सक्छ।<ref name=Kenny2014>{{cite journal|author=Kenny C|title=When hypoglycemia is not obvious: diagnosing and treating under-recognized and undisclosed hypoglycemia|journal=Primary care diabetes|volume=8|issue=1|pages=3–11|date=April 2014|pmid=24100231|url=http://www.primary-care-diabetes.com/article/S1751-9918(13)00113-7/fulltext|doi=10.1016/j.pcd.2013.09.002}}</ref><ref name=Verrotti2012>{{cite journal|author=Verrotti A, Scaparrotta A, Olivieri C, Chiarelli F|title=Seizures and type 1 diabetes mellitus: current state of knowledge|journal=European journal of endocrinology|volume=167|issue=6|pages=749–58|date=December 2012|pmid=22956556|url=http://eje-online.org/content/167/6/749.long|doi=10.1530/EJE-12-0699}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107094758/http://eje-online.org/content/167/6/749.long |date=2014-11-07 }}</ref> मन्द खालको मधुमेह लागेका बेलामा रगतमा चिनीको अभाव भएमा धेरै गुलिया खानेकुरा खाएर वा चिनीको मात्रा बढी भएका पेयपदार्थहरू पिएर घरमै उपचार गर्न सकिन्छ। गम्भीर खालको अवस्थामा बिरामी बेहोस हुन सक्ने हुनाले नसाबाट ग्लुकोज दिएर वा ग्लुकागन हर्मोनको सुई लगाएर उपचार गर्नु पर्छ। मधुमेहका केही रोगीहरू (विशेष गरी पहिलो प्रकारको मधुमेहमा) पटक-पटक डाइबिटिक केटोएसिडोसिस देखापर्न सक्छ। डाइबिटिक केटोएसिडोसिस भन्नाले शरीरमा हुने रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाहरूमा गडबडी आएर वाकवाक लाग्ने, वान्ता हुने, पेट दुख्ने, सास फेर्दा एसिटोनको गन्ध आउने, गहिरो सास फेर्ने (कस्मल ब्रिदिङ) तथा गम्भीर अवस्थाहरूमा रोगीहरू अर्धचेत हुने गर्दछन्।<ref name=ADA2009>{{cite journal | author = Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN | title = Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 1335–43 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19564476 | pmc = 2699725 | doi = 10.2337/dc09-9032 | url = http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/32/7/1335.full }}</ref> हाइपरओस्मोलर नन्केटोटिक स्टेट मधुमेहका रोगीहरूमा बिरलै देखा पर्ने अवस्था हो। प्रायजसो दोस्रो प्रकारको मधुमेहमा देखिने यो अवस्था [[जलवियोजन]]का कारणले हुने गर्दछ।<ref name=ADA2009/> ==जटिलताहरू== सबै प्रकारका मधुमेहले लामो अवधिका जटिलता हुने जोखिम बढाउँछन्। साधारणतया यस्ता जटिलताहरू धेरै वर्षपछि (१०-२० वर्ष) विकसित हुने गर्दछन् तर रोग लागेर पनि समयमै रोग पहिचान हुन नसकेका रोगीहरूमा जटिलता नै पहिलो लक्षणको रूपमा देखा पर्न सक्छ। मधुमेहको मुख्य पछिसम्म रहने जटिलता रक्तनलीहरूको क्षतिसँग सम्बन्धित हुन्छ। मधुमेहले [[मुटु तथा रक्तनलीका रोगहरू]] लाग्ने जोखिमलाई दुईगुणा बनाउँछ।<ref>{{cite journal | author = Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, Gobin R, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Ingelsson E, Lawlor DA, Selvin E, Stampfer M, Stehouwer CD, Lewington S, Pennells L, Thompson A, Sattar N, White IR, Ray KK, Danesh J | title = Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies | journal = The Lancet | volume = 375 | issue = 9733 | pages = 2215–22 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20609967 | pmc = 2904878 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9 }}</ref> यो रोगबाट हुने ७५% मृत्यु [[कोरोनरी आर्टरी डिजिज]]का कारणले हुने गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal | author = O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, Ettinger SM, Fang JC, Fesmire FM, Franklin BA, Granger CB, Krumholz HM, Linderbaum JA, Morrow DA, Newby LK, Ornato JP, Ou N, Radford MJ, Tamis-Holland JE, Tommaso CL, Tracy CM, Woo YJ, Zhao DX, Anderson JL, Jacobs AK, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Brindis RG, Creager MA, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson WG, Yancy CW | title = 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal = Circulation | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = e362–425 | date =29 January 2013 | pmid = 23247304 | doi = 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182742cf6 }}</ref> == मधुमेहको उपचार == मधुमेहको उपचार सम्भव छैन । यो रोगलागिसकेपछि रोगीको आयु बढाउने अर्थात् यो रोगको व्यवस्थापन गर्ने विकल्प मात्र बाकि रहन्छ । मधुमेहको व्यवस्थापन भनेकै रगतमा भएको चिनिको मात्रा घटाउनु हो र रक्तकोशमा क्षति पुराउने अन्य तत्वको निवारण गर्नु हो । जसको लागि निम्न उपाय अपनाउन सकिन्छः * '''१.''' इन्सुलिनको मात्रा यथावत राखी रगतमा ग्लुकोजको मात्रा नियन्त्रण गर्न अस्पतालमा उपचार गरी खोप मार्फत नियमित इन्सुलिन लिने * '''२.''' रक्तचाप नियन्त्रण गर्ने * '''३.''' खानामा विशेष ध्यान पुराउने , बढि कार्वोहाइड्रेट भएका खानेकुराको सेवन नगर्ने * '''४.''' धुम्रपान र मध्यपान त्याग्ने * '''५.''' बढि चिल्लो युक्त पदार्थको सेवन नगर्ने * '''६.''' सन्तुलित र नियमित भोजन लिने , नियमित व्यायाम गर्ने === घरेलु औषधि प्रयोग === खाद्य पदार्थकै रूपमा प्रयोग गरिने वस्तुद्वारा पनि चिकित्सा गर्न सकिन्छ ।यदि मधुमेह वंशानुगत छ र शरीर मोटो पनि छ भने निमको पातलाई थिचेर २ चम्चा रस बिहान खालीपेटमा दैनिक ४-५ महिनासम्म खाने । तितेकरेलालाई खानाको रूपमा सधैं प्रयोग गर्ने । तिते करेलाको पातलाई थिचेर २ चम्चा बिहान खाली पेटमा खाने यदि पेटमा वायु बनेको छ भने सानो केराउको गेडा जति हिङ फुराएर रसमा मिलाई खाने । अंकुरित चनालाई दिनमा २ पटक काँचै र रोटीतरकारी पकाएर खानाले राम्रो गर्दछ । यो पौस्टिक पनि छ । लसुन १ पिस (कली-केसरा) बिहान खाली पेटमा खाने । १० पिस सफा बेलपत्र पिसेर कल्क बनाई पानीसँग खाने । हर्रो २५ ग्राम, बर्रो २५ ग्राम, अमला २५ ग्राम, जिरा २५ ग्राम, कुटकी २५ ग्राम, चिराइतो २५ ग्राम, सुठो २५ ग्राम, तेजपात ५० ग्राम, गुर्जो ५० ग्राम, मेथी १०० ग्राम, जामुनको भित्रको कडा भाग (गुठली) १०० ग्राम, आँपको बियाँभित्रको गुदी १०० ग्राम खाने । माथि उल्लिखित द्रव्यको अलग अलग चूर्ण गरी एक साथ मिलाई १-१ चम्चा निम पत्ताको रस, करेला पत्र स्वरस, गुर्जो पत्र स्वरससँग बिहान बेलुकी खाली पेटमा खानाले अत्यन्त फाइदा गर्दछ । उपर्युक्त चूर्ण खानलाई स्वरस (थिचेर चिरेर निकालेको रस) नमिले पानीसँग मात्र पनि खान सकिन्छ । सबै मिलाउन नसकेमा एक द्रव्यमा मेथी बिज चूर्ण, पत्र स्वरस, कुटकी चूर्ण, तिते करेलाको तरकारी, पत्र स्वरस, कुटकी चूर्ण, चिराइतो चूर्ण, निम्ब बिज चूर्ण कुनै एक मात्र भए पनि माथि उल्लिखित स्वरस, पानीसँग खाने गर्नाले मधुमेहका रोगीमा अत्यन्त फाइदा गर्दछ । हर्रो ५० ग्राम, वर्रो ५० ग्राम, अमला ५० ग्राम लिई अलग अलग चूर्ण बनाई एउटा बट्टामा राख्ने । १-२ चम्चा सुत्ने समयमा खानाले शरीर स्वास्थ्य राख्नमा पद्दत पु-याउँछ । सकभर दैनिक प्रातः भ्रमण गर्ने र रात्रिमा सम्पूर्ण शरीर मालिस गर्ने । यदि शरीर दुख्ने भएमा सातामा १–२ दिन वाष्प स्नान गर्ने । == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references /> {{मधुमेह}} *[[कोलेस्टेरोल]] *[[रक्तचाप]] *[[हृदय रोग]] *[[हृदयघात]] {{Commonscat|Diabetes mellitus|मधुमेह}} [[श्रेणी:मधुमेह]] [[श्रेणी:रोगहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी स्वास्थ्य्य परियोजना अन्तर्गत बनाइएका लेखहरू]] ddjwg1uprhjrxsr36wogwjl6v0stpjm 0 3227 1368025 1357638 2026-07-31T05:50:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368025 wikitext text/x-wiki लोकजीवनमा चलिआएका सारपूर्ण कथन वा लोकोक्तिलाई उखान-टुक्का भनिन्छ जसले विशेष अर्थ वा सन्देश दिन्छ। उखान भन्नाले गहन अर्थ र भाव बोकेका परम्परागत रूपमा चल्दै आएका भनाइहरू भन्ने बुझिन्छ। आफ्नो वास्तविक अर्थ गुमाएर छुट्टै तर विशिष्ट अर्थ बोक्ने शब्द समूहलाई टुक्का भनिन्छ। नेपाली समाजमा प्रचलित केही उखान र तिनका अर्थ<ref name="">[https://www.nepaliukhan.com/ https://www.NepaliUkhan.com/]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>: {| border="२" |+ |- |'''उखान''' |'''अर्थ''' |- |<big>'''अ'''</big>||. |- |अँध्याराको काम खोलाको गीत |अर्थहीन काम गर्नु |- |अघिपछि स्याहार चोर आउने दिन विस्याहार | |- |अघि बुढी जानिन, पछि बुढी मानिन |लौरो टेकेर बुढी आमा |- |अकवरी [[सुन]]लाई कसी लाउनु पर्दैन |राम्रो कुरालाई जाचीरहन पर्दैन |- |अड्को पड्को तेलको धूप |काम लाग्ने कुरा नपाएर अर्को कुरासँग काम चलाउनु |- |[[अगुल्टो]]ले हानेको [[कुकुर]] [[विजुली, प्युठान|बिजुली]] चम्कँदा तर्सन्छ |एक्चोटी धक्का खाएपछि, अर्को चोटी पहिला नै सजग रहनु |- |अचानाको चोट [[खुकुरी]]ले जान्दैन |पिरपर्नेलाई मात्र थाहा हुन्छ |- |<big>'''आ'''</big>||. |- |आफ्नो आङको भैंसि नदेख्ने, अर्काको आङको जुम्रा पनि देख्ने |आफुको केहींपनि नदेख् ने अरुको सानु कुरा पनि देख्ने |- |आफू ताक्छु मुढो, बञ्चरो ताक्छ घुँडो |आफुले एउता सोच्यो अर्कै हुन्छ |- |[[आकाश]]को [[फल]] [[आँखा]]तरी मर् |असम्भव कुरालाई चुप लागेर हेर्नु बाहेक उपाए नहुनु |- |आफू नमरी [[स्वर्ग]] देखिन्न |आफुले काम नगरुन्जेलसम्म त्यसको प्रतिफल थाहा हुदैन |- |[[आलु]] खाएर [[पेडा]]को धाक |सानो काम गरेर ठूलो काम गरेको भन्नु |- |आफ्नो दिउँ त मै मरिजाउँ, अर्काको पाए तीनमाना खाउँ |आफुले दिन नखोज्ने अरुले दिएको मज्जाले खाने |- |आफू भलो त जगतै भलो |राम्रो कामको थालनी आफुबाट सुरु गर्नु |- |<big>'''इ'''<big>||. |- |इन्द्रको अगाडि स्वर्गको वयान |जान्नेको अगाडी नजान्ने बोल्ने |- |इलमीको भागमा [[माछा]] र [[मासु]] अल्छीको भागमा आँशु नै आँशु |काम गर्नेले मिठो खान पाउँछ। |- |'''<big>ई</big>''' ||. |- |सर्पको विष, मान्छेको ईख |ईख नभएको मान्छेको केहि महत्त्व हुँदैन |- |<big>'''उ'''</big>||. |- |उम्केको माछो ठूलो||गुमेको मौका नै सुनौलो मौका |- |<big>'''ऊ'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''ए'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''ऐ'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''ओ'''</big>||. |- |ओरालो लागेको [[हरिण|मृग]]लाई बाच्छाले खेद्छ |हेपिएको मान्छेलाई जसले पनि हेप्छ |- |<big>'''औ'''</big>||. |- |[[औंलो]] दिँदा [[डुँडुलो]] निल्ने|| |- |<big>'''अं'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''अः'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''क'''</big> |- |कानो गोरूलाई औंसी न पुर्ने|| |- |केरा खाँदै सुसेल्दै|| |- |कहिले [[सासू|सासु]]को पालो कहिले [[बुहारी]]को पालो|| |- |[[काग]] कराउँदैछ [[पीना]] सुक्दैछ||हुने कामलाई सानोतिनो अवरोधले छेक्दैन्। |- |[[काला अक्षर]] [[भैँसी|भैंसी]] बराबर | केहि कुरामा ज्ञान नभएकोलाई बुझाउँदा अलमल्ल पर्नु |- |[[कुकुर]]को [[पुच्छर]] बाह्र वर्ष ढुङ्रोमा हाले पनि बाङ्गाको बाङ्गै | नराम्रो बानि नसुध्रनु |- |कुरो र [[नहर|कुलो]] जता लग्यो त्यतै जान्छ|| गफलाई जसरी बनाएर पनि भन्न सकिन्छ |- |[[काग]]लाई बेल पाक्यो हर्ष न विस्मात्||बेमतलब को कुरा   |- |कमाई न धमाई चम्किन्छ दमाई | |- |कमिलालाई मूतको पहिरो||तल्लो बर्ग गरीब वा केटाकेटी का सानातिना समस्या    |- |काम गर्ने कालु मकै खाने भालु|| एक जनाले काम गर्नु तर त्यसको फल अर्कैले पाउनु |- |<big>'''क्ष'''</big>||. |- |.||. |- |<big>'''ख'''</big>||. |- |खाई न पाई छालाको टोपी लाई|| |- |खाने मुखलाई [[जुँगा|जुङ्गा]]ले छेक्दैन|| कसैको ईच्छा भए, रोक्न सकिन्न |- |<big>'''ग'''</big>||. |- |गर्ने भन्ने हनुमान पगरी गुँथ्ने ढेडू|| |- |[[गाई]] मारी [[गधा]] पोस्नु|| |- |गाई खानेले बाच्छो खान्छ || |- |<big>'''घ'''</big>||. |- |[[घोडा]] चढ्ने लड्छ|| |- |[[घिउ]] केमा पोखियो? भागैमा|| |- |[[घाँटी]] हेरी हाड निल्नु|| आफ्नो क्षमता अनुसार काम गर्नु |- |घरको बाघ वनको स्याल|| घरको जनलाई धम्काई हेप्न सक्ने तर अरुसँग चाहिँ हिम्मत नहुनु |- |घरै पिंडालु वनै पिंडालु ससुराली जाँदा बाह्र हातको पिंडालु|| |- |<big>'''ङ'''</big>||. |- |' '||' ' |- |<big>'''च'''</big>||. |- |चटपटे [[साँढे]]का तीन ठाँउमा डाम|| |- |चिप्ला मुखको धमिलो पेट|| |- |[[चिची]]को पनि लोभ पापाको पनि लोभ|| सबै कुराको लोभ हुनु |- |चिनेको चोरले काट्छ || |- |<big>'''छ'''</big>||. |- |छन गेडी सबै मेरी छैनन गेडी सबै टेडी|| आफुसँग सम्पत्ति भए सबै नजिक, सम्पत्ति नहुँदा कोहि नहुनु |- |छोरी कुटी बुहारी तर्साउनु || |- |<big>'''ज'''</big>||. |- |जाँगर न साँगर खाने बेला आँ गर्|| |- |जुन [[गोरू]]को सीङ छैन उसैको नाम तिखे|| |- |जहाँ [[महिला|स्त्री]] त्यहाँ [[श्री]]|| |- |जसले [[मह]] काढ्छ उसैले हात चाट्छ|| जसले काम गर्छ उसैले नै फल खान्छ |- |[[जीउ]]को सार घाँटी कुराको सार गाँठी|| |- |जुन [[थाल]]मा खानु त्यही थालमा चुठनु|| जुन मानिस सँग सहयोग लियो, त्यसैको विरोध गर्नु |- |[[जोगी]]को [[घर]]मा [[सन्यासी]] [[पाहुना]]|| |- |जो चोर् त्यस्को ठूलो सोर्|| |- |जो लाउँछ चुक्ली उही जान्छ फुक्ली|| |- |जो होचो उसको मुखमा घोचो|| |- |[[जोई]] न [[जुँगा]] [[पोई]] न [[पोते]], [[सातु]] न सोप्र्याक, [[केरा]] खाँदै सुसेल्दै|| |- |जति जोगी आए कानै चिरिएका|| |- |जीउ भए घ्यू पिए|| |- |<big>'''ज्ञ'''</big>|| |- ||-|||- |- |<big>'''झ '''</big>||. |- |झिंगाको सरापले डिंगो मर्दैन|| |- |<big>'''ञ'''</big> |- ||-|||- |- |<big>'''ट'''</big>||. |- ||-|||- |- |<big>'''ठ'''</big>||. |- |ठाउँ न ठहर बुढीको रहर|| |- |<big>'''ड'''</big>||. |- ||-|||- |- |<big>'''ढ'''</big>||. |- |.||. |- |<big>'''ण'''</big>||. |- |.||. |- |<big>'''त'''</big>||. |- |तीलको पहाड बनाउनु|| |- |ताक परे तिवारी नत्र गोतामे|| अबसरवादि |- |तैं रानी मैं रानीको भर्ला कुवाको पानी|| |- |तित्राको मुखै बैरी|| |- |<big>'''थ'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''द'''</big>||. |- |देश गुनाको भेष कपाल गुनाको केश|| |- |[[दिन]] उजेली सुती गुमाई [[राती|रात]] उजेली [[बिस्कुन]] सुकाई|| |- |दुबै हातमा लड्डू||भने जस्तो भयो |- |दौरा न सौराको खल्ती|| |- |दुई जोइको पोइ कुना पसी रोइ|| |- |दूध दिने गाईको लात्ती सहनुपर्छ|| |- |<big>'''ध'''</big>||. |- |[[धोवी]]को [[कुकुर]] घरको न घाटको|| |- |[[धन]]को पखेटा हुन्छ|| |- |<big>'''न'''</big>||. |- |नमच्चिने [[पीङ]]को सय झटका|| बढी बोल्ने तर गरेर देखाउन नसक्ने |- |नजाने [[गाउँ]]को [[सडक|बाटो]] नसोध्नु|| नचाहिने कुरामा ध्यान नदिनु |- |नपत्याउने [[खोला]]ले बगाउँछ|| |- |नाउँ न जस् खरानी घस्|| |- |नाच्न नजान्ने [[आँगन]] टेढो|| आफूबाहेक अरू सबकुरालाई गलतीको दोष दिनु |- |नानी भन्दा आची ठूलो|| |- |नाङ्लो ठटाई हात्ती तर्साउनु|| |- |नखाउँ भने दिनभरिको शिकार खाउँ भने कान्छाबाबुको अनुहार|| |- |नहुनु भन्दा कानो मामा निको|| |- |निभ्ने वेलाको बत्ती उज्यालो|| |- |नजीकको देउता हेला|| |- |<big>'''प'''</big>||. |- |पोहोरको मकै धेर यसपालीको जाडो धेर|| |- |पोहोर मरिन् [[सासू|सासु]], अहिले आए [[आँशु]]|| |- |[[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपति]]को [[जात्रा (नेपाल)|जात्रा]] [[सिद्रा]]को [[व्यापार]]|| |- |पहिलेको [[तीतो]] पछिको [[मीठो]]|| |- |<big>'''फ'''</big>||. |- |[[फूल]]को बास्ना वरिपरि मान्छेको बास्ना डाँडापारी|| |- |फोहर गरेपछि दैलो देख्यो|| |- |<big>'''ब'''</big>||. |- |[[बलिको बोका]] बनाउनु |निर्दोष वा कम दोषी व्यक्तिलाई दोष लगाउने वा फसाउने कार्य |- |बाच्छो पाओस कि बाच्छी, भतुवालाई बिगौती|| |- |बैद्यका गलागाँड, ज्योतिषीका छोरी राँड|| |- |[[बाँदर]]को पुच्छर लौरो न [[हतियार (स्पष्टता)|हतियार]]|| |- |बाँदरको हातमा नरिवल||अयाेगयका हातमा बहुमुल्य वस्तु हुनु |- |बोल्नेको [[पीठो]] बिक्छ नबोल्नेको [[चामल]] पनि बिक्दैन|| |- |बाख्राले विराउँछ भेडाको कान काट्ने|| |- |बिग्रेको घरको भत्केको चाला|| |- |बालीनाली अरूको राम्रो, छोराछोरी आफ्नो|| |- |<big>'''भ'''<big>||. |- |भारी माथि सुपारी|| |- |[[भँडार]] खनेर आँगन पुर्नु|| |- |भेडा भेडासँग बाख्रा बाख्रासंग|| |- |<big>'''म'''</big>||. |- |मह काढ्नेले हात चाट्छ।|| |- |मेरो गोरूको बाह्रै टक्का।|| अरूको कुरा सुन्दै नसुनी आफ्नै लिंडेढीपी नछोड्नु। |- |माछा देखे दुला हात, सर्प देखे खोकिलामा हात|| |- |[[मामा]]को [[घोडी]] मेरो हि हि|| अरुको प्रगतिमा गरिने अर्थहिन उत्सब |- |मुखमा [[राम]] राम बगलीमा छूरा|| |- |मरेपछि [[डुमै]] राजा {यो उखानले निश्चित जातिका मानिसलाई होच्याएको हुनाले विवादित छ}|| मरेपछी जेजस्तो भए पनि आफुलाई फरक पर्दैन |- |मर्ने बेलामा हरियो काँक्रो|| |- |मुसाको छोरी मुसैलाई|| |- |मरेपछि ओखती|| |- |<big>'''य'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''र'''</big>||. |- |रात रह्यो, अग्राख पलायो / रात रहे अग्राख पलाउँछ||जुन कुरो हुनु पर्थ्यो ति कुरो हरू परिवर्तन हुन्छन् , |- |[[राती|रात]]भरी करायो [[दक्षिणा]] हरायो||जति नै गाह्रो सहेर नि काम गर्दा नि ज्याला नदिनु |- |रोटी चिल्ला मीठा कुरा खस्रा मीठा||खाने कुरो हरू चिला मिठो हुन्छ भने देखि कुरो हरू वास्तबिक मात्र ठिक हुन्छ , कुरो घुमाएर गर्ने हरूको सित होसियार रहनु पर्छ | |- |<big>'''ल'''</big>||. |- |लाटो लड्छ एक बल्ड्याङ बाठो लड्छ तीन बल्ड्याङ|| |- |लाटो देशमा गाँडो तन्नेरी|| |- |[[लङ्का]] जित्ने [[हनुमान]] [[पगरी]] गुथ्ने [[ढेडू]]|| |- |लूटको धन फूपूको सराद|| |- |[[लहरो]] तान्दा [[पहरो]] गर्जन्छ।|| |- |लासामा सुन छ कान मेरो बुच्चै|| |- |लोग्ने स्वास्नीको झगडा परालको आगो|| |- |<big>'''व'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''श'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''ष'''</big>||. |- |<big>'''स'''||. |- |सुनारको सय चोट लोहारको एक चोट|| |- |सिपालुले सीप लायो मुखुण्डीले मुख लायो|| |- |[[साँढे]]को जुधाई बाच्छाको मिचाई|| दुइको झगडामा अर्को फस्ने |- |साउनमा आँखा फुटेको गोरूले सधैं हरियो देख्छ|| |- |साधुलाई सुली चोरलाई चौतारो|| |- |सोझाको सहाय दैव || |- |सस्तो वेसाहा पेट लागि मर् || |- |<big>'''ह'''||. |- |हात्ती आयो हात्ती आयो फुस्सा|| |- |[[हात्ती]]को मुखमा जीरा|| चाहिने भन्दा कम |- |हिस्स बुढी हरिया दाँत|| |- |हुने विरूवाको चिल्लो पात|| राम्रो मान्छेले सानै देखि राम्रो लक्षण देखाऊछ |- |हराएको गाई सूर्यलाई दान|| |-|} |हंसले ठाँउ छोडनु |ज्यादै डराउनु/ तर्सिनु |} भिनाला शब्द अर्थ के हो ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Idioms}} jimmncdyxraedt5aapown267fge7y56 0 3399 1368126 1293855 2026-07-31T11:54:06Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madal nepal krish.jpg|thumb|200px|right|मादल बजाउँदै नेपाली महिला]] '''मादल''' [[नेपाल]]को एक प्रसिद्व ताल बाजा हो। यो नेपाली समाजको मुख्य बाजा हो । नेपाली समाजको सबै सांस्कृतिक कार्यहरूमा यसको प्रयोग हुन्छ । यो बाजा मगर (नाग) जातिको बाजा मानिन्छ । सबैभन्दा पहिले मादल बजाउने मगर समुदाय हो। यसलाई दुई हातले हिर्काएर बजाउनुपर्छ । मादल कम्मरमा भिरेर बजाइन्छ । मादल नेपालको राष्ट्रिय बाजा हो<ref>{{Cite journal |last=पौडेल |first=परशुराम प्रसाद |date=2021-12-31 |title=The Historical Context and Present Scenario of Madal |url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jfac/article/view/48332 |journal=Journal of Fine Arts Campus |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=23–32 |doi=10.3126/jfac.v3i2.48332 |issn=2795-1782 |doi-access=free}}</ref> र धेरैजसो नेपाली लोक संगीतको मेरुदण्ड हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madal Folk Instrument of Nepal |url=http://ecs.com.np/music/madal-folk-instrument-of-nepal |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=ECS NEPAL |language=en}}</ref> प्रसिद्ध नेपाली संगीतकार [[रञ्जित गज्मेर|रञ्जित गजमेर]]ले राहुल देव बर्मनको नेतृत्वमा काम गर्न थालेपछि यो बाजालाई [[बलिउड]] संगीतमा परिचय गराएका थिए र ''हम दोनो दो प्रेमी'' र ''कान्छी रे कान्छी रे'' जस्ता धेरै बलिउड गीतहरूमा यसलाई प्रयोग गरिसकेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rd-burmans-percussionist-ranjit-gazmer-is-a-symbol-of-the-old-days-of-bollywood-composition/article23278969.ece|title=R.D. Burman's percussionist Ranjit Gazmer is a symbol of the old days of Bollywood composition|last=गायकवाड|first=मनिष|date=2018-03-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2023-12-06|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> केही आदिवासी समूहहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने मादल पनि छ। ==निर्माण== [[File:Madal.jpg|thumb|मादल]] [[छतिउन]], [[दार]] तथा [[खमारी]]को काठबाट मादल बनाइन्छ । काठमा ढुङ्ग्रो पारेर दुवैपट्टी छालाले मोरेर [[खरी]] (मसला) लगाइएको हुन्छ । खरी बनाउँदा [[काँस]] र [[किट]]को धूलो मिसाइन्छ । यसको एकापट्टी केही सानो, अर्कापट्टी अलिक ठूलो पारेर बनाइएको हुन्छ । ठूलो भागलाई भाले र सानो भागलाई पोथी भनिन्छ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jfac/article/view/48332/36106|title=The Historical Context and Present Scenario of M𝒂̅dal|last=Poudel|first=Parsuram|date=2021-09-15|website=nepjol.info|language=English|access-date=2022-12-18}}</ref>। ==प्रकार== मादल दुई खाले हुन्छन् । पूर्वेली मादल र पश्चिमेली मादल । पूर्वेली मादल आकारमा अलिक ठूलो र पश्चिमेली मादल अलिक सानो हुन्छ । == References == {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://assamesenepali.com/article/nepali_articles/nepaliculture.htm/ केही सांस्कृतिक चिन्हारी]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://baajaagaajaa.com/artistes/tribal-dangi-music-of-gujarat/ Photos of tribal madal] *[http://www.ecs.com.np/living_category.php?category=13&id=295/ Madal Folk Instrument of Nepal]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2010/02/03/Business/Khotang-water-project-in-limbo/4764/ Blending of west and east inevitable to boost]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://freesound.org/people/pbimal/packs/30009/ Sound example - Basic Beats of a Maadal] मादल हातले ठाेकेर दर,खमारी वा छतिउनकाे काठ,छाला,खरी मगर जातिमा पचलित। tj54avlgq4u0kuot0iasc7b718yu966 0 6393 1367948 1367947 2026-07-30T12:04:20Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इस्लाम धर्म */ 1367948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> आलम, अहमद, मिया, खान, हमिद, अलि, बक्स आदि थरहरू रहेका छन् । === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] 66o5nj82i73272pmdnpayddp9wbbu0i 1367949 1367948 2026-07-30T12:07:16Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इस्लाम धर्म */ 1367949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] cg2b0d1mm3nadylh06o2bp4w298nhat 1367951 1367949 2026-07-30T12:33:57Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* हावापानी */ 1367951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] 34tr37kd196p708fx6qfzg0r3uxboxu 1367955 1367951 2026-07-30T13:03:45Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* चाडपर्वहरू */ 1367955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। सिन्दुरे जात्रा चैत्रशुक्ल पूर्णिमाका दिन बेलु्का धामीको स्नान कार्यसँगै जात्रा मुख्य विधिबाट सुरु हुन्छ। बन्दुक पड्केको विशेष साइतमा स्नान कार्य गरेपछि धामीलाई पोशाक सुनौला मुकुट, गहना, बाला, चाँदीको पेटी, डमरु पात्र, भोटो आदि भेषभूषा पहिराइन्छ। चैत शुक्ल चतुर्दर्शीको दिन बेलुका बुढी भैरवी (देवी भैरवीको आमा) र भैरवी मन्दिरको पछाडि एक-एक वटा लिङ्गो गाड्ने गरिन्छ। लिङ्गो गाड्ने बेलामा धामी खाल्टोसँगै भैरवीको रुप धारण गरी आसन जमाएर बसिरहनु पर्दछ। यो अवधि धामीको लागि कष्टकर हुन्छ। तर, भैरवीको शक्तिका कारण केही नहुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो लिङ्गोहरु वैशाख कृष्ण नवमी र दशमीका दिन क्रमशः ढालिन्छ। प्रतिपदाको दिन विशेष बाजागाजा साथ धामीधमिनी र गणहरुलाई तलेजु मन्दिरतर्फ लगिन्छ। त्यहाँ बज्राचार्यद्वारा आवश्यक पूजाआजा गर्ने कार्य सकिएपछि यो जात्रा भैरवी मन्दिरदेखि दक्षिण–पश्चिमपट्टि देवीघाट (जालपा मन्दिर) तर्फ प्रस्थान गर्दछन्। खटमा भैरव (भैरवी र अष्टमातृकाका मूर्तिहरु राखिएको हुन्छ। देवता चढेका धामीबाट आउँदो सालको भविष्यवाणी हुन्छ। यो भविष्यवाणी सुन्ने अवसर गुभाजु, द्वारे, बाह्रभाइ खलक आदिलाई मात्र प्राप्त हुन्छ। उल्लेखनीय वाणीलाई पहिले राजदरबारमा द्वारेमार्फत पुर्‍याइन्थ्यो भने हाल राष्ट्र प्रमुखसमक्ष पुर्‍याउने गरिन्छ। देवीघाटको मेला सकिएपछि धामीधमिनी लगायत अन्य गणहरु बाजागाजासाथ रमाइलो यात्रा गर्दै नुवाकोट डाँडातर्फ लाग्छन्। भोलिपल्ट अथवा द्वितीयाको दिन दिउँसो जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय प्रमुखहरुको उपस्थितिमा दुई सलामी (निशान झण्डा र भैरवी सलामी) दिइन्छ। यो यात्रा देवी भैरवी मन्दिरनिर महेश मर्दिनी मन्दिर पुगेपछि धमिनीलाई सिन्दुर हालिन्छ र यसले सिन्दुरे जात्राको रुप लिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] q5i6a7i5tpggglw639qhuukysvu9s4g 1367956 1367955 2026-07-30T13:04:39Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू */ 1367956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। सिन्दुरे जात्रा चैत्रशुक्ल पूर्णिमाका दिन बेलु्का धामीको स्नान कार्यसँगै जात्रा मुख्य विधिबाट सुरु हुन्छ। बन्दुक पड्केको विशेष साइतमा स्नान कार्य गरेपछि धामीलाई पोशाक सुनौला मुकुट, गहना, बाला, चाँदीको पेटी, डमरु पात्र, भोटो आदि भेषभूषा पहिराइन्छ। चैत शुक्ल चतुर्दर्शीको दिन बेलुका बुढी भैरवी (देवी भैरवीको आमा) र भैरवी मन्दिरको पछाडि एक-एक वटा लिङ्गो गाड्ने गरिन्छ। लिङ्गो गाड्ने बेलामा धामी खाल्टोसँगै भैरवीको रुप धारण गरी आसन जमाएर बसिरहनु पर्दछ। यो अवधि धामीको लागि कष्टकर हुन्छ। तर, भैरवीको शक्तिका कारण केही नहुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो लिङ्गोहरु वैशाख कृष्ण नवमी र दशमीका दिन क्रमशः ढालिन्छ। प्रतिपदाको दिन विशेष बाजागाजा साथ धामीधमिनी र गणहरुलाई तलेजु मन्दिरतर्फ लगिन्छ। त्यहाँ बज्राचार्यद्वारा आवश्यक पूजाआजा गर्ने कार्य सकिएपछि यो जात्रा [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]]देखि दक्षिण–पश्चिमपट्टि देवीघाट (जालपा मन्दिर) तर्फ प्रस्थान गर्दछन्। खटमा भैरव (भैरवी र अष्टमातृकाका मूर्तिहरु राखिएको हुन्छ। देवता चढेका धामीबाट आउँदो सालको भविष्यवाणी हुन्छ। यो भविष्यवाणी सुन्ने अवसर गुभाजु, द्वारे, बाह्रभाइ खलक आदिलाई मात्र प्राप्त हुन्छ। उल्लेखनीय वाणीलाई पहिले राजदरबारमा द्वारेमार्फत पुर्‍याइन्थ्यो भने हाल राष्ट्र प्रमुखसमक्ष पुर्‍याउने गरिन्छ। देवीघाटको मेला सकिएपछि धामीधमिनी लगायत अन्य गणहरु बाजागाजासाथ रमाइलो यात्रा गर्दै नुवाकोट डाँडातर्फ लाग्छन्। भोलिपल्ट अथवा द्वितीयाको दिन दिउँसो जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय प्रमुखहरुको उपस्थितिमा दुई सलामी (निशान झण्डा र भैरवी सलामी) दिइन्छ। यो यात्रा देवी भैरवी मन्दिरनिर महेश मर्दिनी मन्दिर पुगेपछि धमिनीलाई सिन्दुर हालिन्छ र यसले सिन्दुरे जात्राको रुप लिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] m8eydix6bamq61d0m4h8boc10xurais 1368115 1367956 2026-07-31T10:24:59Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* संस्कृति */ 1368115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == [[खैजडी भजन]] यहाँको एक महत्वपूर्ण, मौलिक र प्राचीन लोकसांस्कृतिक पहिचान हो। यो भजन [[खैँजडी|खैजडी]]को तालमा भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण वा अन्य पौराणिक कथा तथा लीलाहरू गाएर प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ। यसमा गोलाकार भएर खैजडी बजाउँदै लय हालेर धार्मिक तथा लोक कथाहरू गाइन्छ। मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। सिन्दुरे जात्रा चैत्रशुक्ल पूर्णिमाका दिन बेलु्का धामीको स्नान कार्यसँगै जात्रा मुख्य विधिबाट सुरु हुन्छ। बन्दुक पड्केको विशेष साइतमा स्नान कार्य गरेपछि धामीलाई पोशाक सुनौला मुकुट, गहना, बाला, चाँदीको पेटी, डमरु पात्र, भोटो आदि भेषभूषा पहिराइन्छ। चैत शुक्ल चतुर्दर्शीको दिन बेलुका बुढी भैरवी (देवी भैरवीको आमा) र भैरवी मन्दिरको पछाडि एक-एक वटा लिङ्गो गाड्ने गरिन्छ। लिङ्गो गाड्ने बेलामा धामी खाल्टोसँगै भैरवीको रुप धारण गरी आसन जमाएर बसिरहनु पर्दछ। यो अवधि धामीको लागि कष्टकर हुन्छ। तर, भैरवीको शक्तिका कारण केही नहुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो लिङ्गोहरु वैशाख कृष्ण नवमी र दशमीका दिन क्रमशः ढालिन्छ। प्रतिपदाको दिन विशेष बाजागाजा साथ धामीधमिनी र गणहरुलाई तलेजु मन्दिरतर्फ लगिन्छ। त्यहाँ बज्राचार्यद्वारा आवश्यक पूजाआजा गर्ने कार्य सकिएपछि यो जात्रा [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]]देखि दक्षिण–पश्चिमपट्टि देवीघाट (जालपा मन्दिर) तर्फ प्रस्थान गर्दछन्। खटमा भैरव (भैरवी र अष्टमातृकाका मूर्तिहरु राखिएको हुन्छ। देवता चढेका धामीबाट आउँदो सालको भविष्यवाणी हुन्छ। यो भविष्यवाणी सुन्ने अवसर गुभाजु, द्वारे, बाह्रभाइ खलक आदिलाई मात्र प्राप्त हुन्छ। उल्लेखनीय वाणीलाई पहिले राजदरबारमा द्वारेमार्फत पुर्‍याइन्थ्यो भने हाल राष्ट्र प्रमुखसमक्ष पुर्‍याउने गरिन्छ। देवीघाटको मेला सकिएपछि धामीधमिनी लगायत अन्य गणहरु बाजागाजासाथ रमाइलो यात्रा गर्दै नुवाकोट डाँडातर्फ लाग्छन्। भोलिपल्ट अथवा द्वितीयाको दिन दिउँसो जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय प्रमुखहरुको उपस्थितिमा दुई सलामी (निशान झण्डा र भैरवी सलामी) दिइन्छ। यो यात्रा देवी भैरवी मन्दिरनिर महेश मर्दिनी मन्दिर पुगेपछि धमिनीलाई सिन्दुर हालिन्छ र यसले सिन्दुरे जात्राको रुप लिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] m6l86uyxmxoirn48r9kz45hr2vpxlob 1368116 1368115 2026-07-31T10:30:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू */ 1368116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == [[खैजडी भजन]] यहाँको एक महत्वपूर्ण, मौलिक र प्राचीन लोकसांस्कृतिक पहिचान हो। यो भजन [[खैँजडी|खैजडी]]को तालमा भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण वा अन्य पौराणिक कथा तथा लीलाहरू गाएर प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ। यसमा गोलाकार भएर खैजडी बजाउँदै लय हालेर धार्मिक तथा लोक कथाहरू गाइन्छ। मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। सिन्दुरे जात्रा चैत्रशुक्ल पूर्णिमाका दिन बेलु्का धामीको स्नान कार्यसँगै जात्रा मुख्य विधिबाट सुरु हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=डंगोल |first=प्रेममान |date=११ वैशाख २०७९ |title=नुवाकोटको भैरवी र जीवित देवता धामीको जात्रा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/803711-1650858361.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> बन्दुक पड्केको विशेष साइतमा स्नान कार्य गरेपछि धामीलाई पोशाक सुनौला मुकुट, गहना, बाला, चाँदीको पेटी, डमरु पात्र, भोटो आदि भेषभूषा पहिराइन्छ। चैत शुक्ल चतुर्दर्शीको दिन बेलुका बुढी भैरवी (देवी भैरवीको आमा) र भैरवी मन्दिरको पछाडि एक-एक वटा लिङ्गो गाड्ने गरिन्छ। लिङ्गो गाड्ने बेलामा धामी खाल्टोसँगै भैरवीको रुप धारण गरी आसन जमाएर बसिरहनु पर्दछ। यो अवधि धामीको लागि कष्टकर हुन्छ। तर, भैरवीको शक्तिका कारण केही नहुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो लिङ्गोहरु वैशाख कृष्ण नवमी र दशमीका दिन क्रमशः ढालिन्छ। प्रतिपदाको दिन विशेष बाजागाजा साथ धामीधमिनी र गणहरुलाई तलेजु मन्दिरतर्फ लगिन्छ। त्यहाँ बज्राचार्यद्वारा आवश्यक पूजाआजा गर्ने कार्य सकिएपछि यो जात्रा [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]]देखि दक्षिण–पश्चिमपट्टि देवीघाट (जालपा मन्दिर) तर्फ प्रस्थान गर्दछन्। खटमा भैरव (भैरवी र अष्टमातृकाका मूर्तिहरु राखिएको हुन्छ। देवता चढेका धामीबाट आउँदो सालको भविष्यवाणी हुन्छ। यो भविष्यवाणी सुन्ने अवसर गुभाजु, द्वारे, बाह्रभाइ खलक आदिलाई मात्र प्राप्त हुन्छ। उल्लेखनीय वाणीलाई पहिले राजदरबारमा द्वारेमार्फत पुर्‍याइन्थ्यो भने हाल राष्ट्र प्रमुखसमक्ष पुर्‍याउने गरिन्छ। देवीघाटको मेला सकिएपछि धामीधमिनी लगायत अन्य गणहरु बाजागाजासाथ रमाइलो यात्रा गर्दै नुवाकोट डाँडातर्फ लाग्छन्। भोलिपल्ट अथवा द्वितीयाको दिन दिउँसो जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय प्रमुखहरुको उपस्थितिमा दुई सलामी (निशान झण्डा र भैरवी सलामी) दिइन्छ। यो यात्रा देवी भैरवी मन्दिरनिर महेश मर्दिनी मन्दिर पुगेपछि धमिनीलाई सिन्दुर हालिन्छ र यसले सिन्दुरे जात्राको रुप लिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] 1nh0d0hdjlol76dtj6kubl1k40mhbcg 1368117 1368116 2026-07-31T10:38:33Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू */ 1368117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == [[खैजडी भजन]] यहाँको एक महत्वपूर्ण, मौलिक र प्राचीन लोकसांस्कृतिक पहिचान हो। यो भजन [[खैँजडी|खैजडी]]को तालमा भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण वा अन्य पौराणिक कथा तथा लीलाहरू गाएर प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ। यसमा गोलाकार भएर खैजडी बजाउँदै लय हालेर धार्मिक तथा लोक कथाहरू गाइन्छ। मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। सिन्दुरे जात्रा चैत्रशुक्ल पूर्णिमाका दिन बेलु्का धामीको स्नान कार्यसँगै जात्रा मुख्य विधिबाट सुरु हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=डंगोल |first=प्रेममान |date=११ वैशाख २०७९ |title=नुवाकोटको भैरवी र जीवित देवता धामीको जात्रा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/803711-1650858361.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> बन्दुक पड्केको विशेष साइतमा स्नान कार्य गरेपछि धामीलाई पोशाक सुनौला मुकुट, गहना, बाला, चाँदीको पेटी, डमरु पात्र, भोटो आदि भेषभूषा पहिराइन्छ। चैत शुक्ल चतुर्दर्शीको दिन बेलुका बुढी भैरवी (देवी भैरवीको आमा) र भैरवी मन्दिरको पछाडि एक-एक वटा लिङ्गो गाड्ने गरिन्छ। लिङ्गो गाड्ने बेलामा धामी खाल्टोसँगै भैरवीको रुप धारण गरी आसन जमाएर बसिरहनु पर्दछ। यो अवधि धामीको लागि कष्टकर हुन्छ। तर, भैरवीको शक्तिका कारण केही नहुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो लिङ्गोहरु वैशाख कृष्ण नवमी र दशमीका दिन क्रमशः ढालिन्छ। प्रतिपदाको दिन विशेष बाजागाजा साथ धामीधमिनी र गणहरुलाई तलेजु मन्दिरतर्फ लगिन्छ। त्यहाँ बज्राचार्यद्वारा आवश्यक पूजाआजा गर्ने कार्य सकिएपछि यो जात्रा [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]]देखि दक्षिण–पश्चिमपट्टि देवीघाट (जालपा मन्दिर) तर्फ प्रस्थान गर्दछन्। खटमा भैरव (भैरवी र अष्टमातृकाका मूर्तिहरु राखिएको हुन्छ। देवता चढेका धामीबाट आउँदो सालको भविष्यवाणी हुन्छ। यो भविष्यवाणी सुन्ने अवसर गुभाजु, द्वारे (सरकारका प्रतिनिधि), बाह्रभाइ खलक आदिलाई मात्र प्राप्त हुन्छ। उल्लेखनीय वाणीलाई पहिले राजदरबारमा द्वारे (सरकारका प्रतिनिधि)मार्फत पुर्‍याइन्थ्यो भने हाल राष्ट्र प्रमुखसमक्ष पुर्‍याउने गरिन्छ। भविष्यवाणी शुभ रहेमा हर्षोल्लास गरिन्छ भने अशुभ संकेत देखिएमा राष्ट्रप्रमुखका तर्फबाट राष्ट्रपतिले क्षमापूजा गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=रासस |first= |date=चैत्र २४, २०७९ |title=नुवाकोटको ऐतिहासिक सिन्दूरे जात्रा |url=https://ekantipur.com/bagmati-pradesh/2023/04/07/16808631954431179.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> देवीघाटको मेला सकिएपछि धामीधमिनी लगायत अन्य गणहरु बाजागाजासाथ रमाइलो यात्रा गर्दै नुवाकोट डाँडातर्फ लाग्छन्। भोलिपल्ट अथवा द्वितीयाको दिन दिउँसो जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय प्रमुखहरुको उपस्थितिमा दुई सलामी (निशान झण्डा र भैरवी सलामी) दिइन्छ। यो यात्रा देवी भैरवी मन्दिरनिर महेश मर्दिनी मन्दिर पुगेपछि धमिनीलाई सिन्दुर हालिन्छ र यसले सिन्दुरे जात्राको रुप लिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि उत्कृष्ट गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] i7faul1fnsu4aobeo93wvcww9tyuso1 1368120 1368117 2026-07-31T11:10:08Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* पर्यटन */ 1368120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-nuwakot/bidur?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजन श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = प्रभा बोगटी <small> ([[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) |established_title = स्थापित |established_date = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३ |established_title1 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]]) |established_date1 = भैरवी (आंशिक), त्रिशूली (सबै), [[तुप्चे]] (आंशिक) विदुर (सबै) र [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]]को देवीघाट जलविद्युत् क्षेत्र |established_title2 = सम्मिलित (मिति) |established_date2 = वि.सं. ५ फागुन २०४३<ref>{{cite news|title=थप ४ वटा नगर पंचायत गठन गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=14427|accessdate=जनवरी २०२२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 130.01<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=27&municipality=4|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 59227 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|56|52|N|85|13|46|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.bidurmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का २ वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> ५ फागुन २०४३ मा, विदुर नगर पञ्चायतको रूपमा यसको स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा साविकका [[चारघरे]], [[तुप्चे]], [[गेर्खु]], [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] र [[खड्गभन्ज्याङ]] (४-९) [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। यस नगरपालिकाको प्रमुख बजार केन्द्रहरुमा विदुर, वट्टार, त्रिशुली, गगटे, हात्तिगौडा, ढुंगे, वेत्रावती, अक्करे, राईसिङ्ग, नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र, [[देवीघाट]], वगुवा र कोलनी आदि रहेका छन् । ठोरी-गल्छी- विदुर हुँदै [[त्रिशूली करिडोर|त्रिशुली-मैलुङ-स्याफ्रुबेशी-रसुवागढी]] त्रिदेशीय सडक मार्गले भारत, नेपाल र चिनको केरुङसम्मको पहुँचलाई स्थापित गराएको छ भने सिन्धुपाल्चोक-चिसापानी-छहरे ढिकुरे हुँदै विदुर नगरपालिकादेखि धादिङसम्मको अर्को [[पुष्पलाल राजमार्ग|पुष्पलाल मध्यपहाडी लोकमार्ग]]ले छिमेकी जिल्लासँग स्थलमार्ग मार्फतको पहुँचलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} विदुर नगरपालिका |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/node/3 |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=bidurmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> == इतिहास == == भूगोल == === हावापानी === विदुर त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको किनारमा फैलिएको नदी बेसिन उपत्यका हो। होचो उचाइमा रहेकाले यहाँको हावापानी मुख्यतया उपोष्णप्रदेशीय (Sub-tropical) प्रकृतिको छ—अर्थात् काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको तुलनामा विदुर क्षेत्र काफी न्यानो र गर्मी हुन्छ। * गर्मी तथा मनसुन (जुन – सेप्टेम्बर): [[त्रिशूली नदी]]को खोंच भएकाले गर्मीमा यहाँ हावा थुनिने र उकुसमुकुस हुन्छ। भारी वर्षाका कारण त्रिशूली र तादी नदीमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुन्छ। उच्चतम ३२°C देखि ३६°C सम्म पुग्छ। वार्षिक वर्षा करिब १,८०० देखि २,२०० मिमी * शरद ऋतु (अक्टोबर – नोभेम्बर): मनसुन पछि आकाश सफा हुन्छ, तापक्रम घट्दै जान्छ र घुमघामका लागि मौसम अनुकूल बन्छ। * हिउँद (डिसेम्बर – फेब्रुअरी): बिहान र राति चीसो हुन्छ भने त्रिशूली नदी किनारमा हुस्सु वा कुहिरो लाग्ने गर्छ। तर, दिउँसोपख कडा र पारिलो घाम लाग्ने भएकाले मौसम सुहाउँदो हुन्छ। न्यूनतम ७°C देखि १०°C हुन्छ। * वसन्त (मार्च – मे): डाँडाकाँडा हरियाली हुन थाल्छन् र सुख्खा हावा चल्छ। अप्रिलदेखि गर्मी तीव्र रूपमा बढ्न थाल्छ। === वायु गुणस्तर === == सरकारी र सार्वजनिक सेवाहरू == === नागरिक प्रशासन === === कानून र व्यवस्था === === अग्नि नियन्त्रण सेवा === === बिजुली र पानी आपूर्ति === === फोहोर व्यवस्थापन === विदुरको वडा नं ६ मा डम्पिङ साइट छ । वडा नं २ मा अर्को डम्पिङ साइटको प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८१।०५।०७ |title=आ.व. ०८०।०८१ को वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |url=http://bidurmun.gov.np/sites/bidurmun.gov.np/files/documents/वार्षिक%20समिक्षा-%20२०८०-८१.pdf |journal=विदुर नगरपालिका |pages=44-48}}</ref> == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == === जनसङ्ख्या === [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५९,२२७ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १५,२३४घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ विदुर नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || विदुर (१, १०, ११) || २,८८५ || ४.६९ || ६१५.१४ |- | २ || विदुर (२, ३) || ५,१९६ || ८.४४ || ६१५.६४ |- | ३ || [[खड्गभञ्ज्याङ]] (४–९) || ४,८१५ || १२.५६ || ३८३.३६ |- | ४ || विदुर (४) || ६,८६९ || १.९२ || ३५७७.६० |- | ५ || विदुर (५, ७) || ६,१०६ || ७.४४ || ८२०.७० |- | ६ || विदुर (६) र [[चारघरे]] (१, २) || ३,९१७ || ५.९८ || ६५५.०२ |- | ७ || तुप्चे (१–५,७) || ४,०२७ || १३.४६ || २९९.१८ |- | ८ || विदुर (८) र [[तुप्चे]] (६, ८) || ३,८०७ || ७.९१ || ४८१.२९ |- | ९ || विदुर (९) र [[तुप्चे]] (९) || ७,३३४ || ६.१६ || ११९०.५८ |- | १० || [[गेर्खु]] (३, ४, ७, ९) || ३,३९२ || १३.५८ || २४९.७८ |- | ११ || [[गेर्खु]] (१, २, ५, ६, ८) || २,२०६ || ९.०३ || २४४.३० |- | १२ || [[चारघरे]] (३–९) || ३,५९० || १४.८४ || २४१.९१ |- | १३ || [[कल्याणपुर, नुवाकोट|कल्याणपुर]] || ५,०८३ || २४ || २११.७९ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''५९,२२७''' || '''१३०.०१''' || '''४५५.५६''' |} === जातीय समूह === === भाषा === == वास्तुकला र सहर दृश्य == === दरबार क्षेत्रहरू === == संस्कृति == [[खैजडी भजन]] यहाँको एक महत्वपूर्ण, मौलिक र प्राचीन लोकसांस्कृतिक पहिचान हो। यो भजन [[खैँजडी|खैजडी]]को तालमा भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण वा अन्य पौराणिक कथा तथा लीलाहरू गाएर प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ। यसमा गोलाकार भएर खैजडी बजाउँदै लय हालेर धार्मिक तथा लोक कथाहरू गाइन्छ। मल्लकालिन धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका रूपमा प्रसिद्घ [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]] र [[सिन्दुरे जात्रा (नुवाकोट)]] लगायत तलेजु मन्दिर, नारायण तथा विष्णुको मन्दिर, नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। यी बाहेक अन्य मन्दिर, पाटी-पौवा, डबलीहरू पनि छन्। गत वि.सं.२०२० सालको सदरमुकाम स्थानान्तरण सँगसँगै केही साँस्कृतिक परम्पराहरू लोप हुदै गएका छन्। मल्लकालमा उपत्याकाबाट बसाई सरी आएका नेवार समुदायले आफ्ना टोल बजारको नाम काठमाडौँको जस्तै [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]], ब्रह्मटोल, भूटोल आदि राखेका थिए। जुन अद्यपि कायम छ। यी नेवार जातिमध्ये कतिपय सात तले नुवाकोट दरबारको निर्माणका लागि आएका हुनसक्ने अनुमान गर्न सकिन्छ। [[चित्र:Pray_Nuwakot.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|भैरवी मन्दिर]] === कला === === कला गृह === === साहित्य === === चलचित्र र रङ्गमञ्च === === सङ्गीत === === खाना === === जात्रा-चाडपर्वहरू === [[चित्र:Taktuke.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[टाकटुके जात्रा]]]] [[चित्र:Taktuke_03.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|टाकटुके जात्रा]] नारायण जात्रा, सिपाही जात्रा, रोपाइँ जात्रा, [[टाकटुके जात्रा]] र लाखे जात्रा आदि प्रमुख मानिन्छ। सिन्दुरे जात्रा चैत्रशुक्ल पूर्णिमाका दिन बेलु्का धामीको स्नान कार्यसँगै जात्रा मुख्य विधिबाट सुरु हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=डंगोल |first=प्रेममान |date=११ वैशाख २०७९ |title=नुवाकोटको भैरवी र जीवित देवता धामीको जात्रा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/803711-1650858361.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> बन्दुक पड्केको विशेष साइतमा स्नान कार्य गरेपछि धामीलाई पोशाक सुनौला मुकुट, गहना, बाला, चाँदीको पेटी, डमरु पात्र, भोटो आदि भेषभूषा पहिराइन्छ। चैत शुक्ल चतुर्दर्शीको दिन बेलुका बुढी भैरवी (देवी भैरवीको आमा) र भैरवी मन्दिरको पछाडि एक-एक वटा लिङ्गो गाड्ने गरिन्छ। लिङ्गो गाड्ने बेलामा धामी खाल्टोसँगै भैरवीको रुप धारण गरी आसन जमाएर बसिरहनु पर्दछ। यो अवधि धामीको लागि कष्टकर हुन्छ। तर, भैरवीको शक्तिका कारण केही नहुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो लिङ्गोहरु वैशाख कृष्ण नवमी र दशमीका दिन क्रमशः ढालिन्छ। प्रतिपदाको दिन विशेष बाजागाजा साथ धामीधमिनी र गणहरुलाई तलेजु मन्दिरतर्फ लगिन्छ। त्यहाँ बज्राचार्यद्वारा आवश्यक पूजाआजा गर्ने कार्य सकिएपछि यो जात्रा [[भैरवी मन्दिर (नुवाकोट)|भैरवी मन्दिर]]देखि दक्षिण–पश्चिमपट्टि देवीघाट (जालपा मन्दिर) तर्फ प्रस्थान गर्दछन्। खटमा भैरव (भैरवी र अष्टमातृकाका मूर्तिहरु राखिएको हुन्छ। देवता चढेका धामीबाट आउँदो सालको भविष्यवाणी हुन्छ। यो भविष्यवाणी सुन्ने अवसर गुभाजु, द्वारे (सरकारका प्रतिनिधि), बाह्रभाइ खलक आदिलाई मात्र प्राप्त हुन्छ। उल्लेखनीय वाणीलाई पहिले राजदरबारमा द्वारे (सरकारका प्रतिनिधि)मार्फत पुर्‍याइन्थ्यो भने हाल राष्ट्र प्रमुखसमक्ष पुर्‍याउने गरिन्छ। भविष्यवाणी शुभ रहेमा हर्षोल्लास गरिन्छ भने अशुभ संकेत देखिएमा राष्ट्रप्रमुखका तर्फबाट राष्ट्रपतिले क्षमापूजा गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=रासस |first= |date=चैत्र २४, २०७९ |title=नुवाकोटको ऐतिहासिक सिन्दूरे जात्रा |url=https://ekantipur.com/bagmati-pradesh/2023/04/07/16808631954431179.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> देवीघाटको मेला सकिएपछि धामीधमिनी लगायत अन्य गणहरु बाजागाजासाथ रमाइलो यात्रा गर्दै नुवाकोट डाँडातर्फ लाग्छन्। भोलिपल्ट अथवा द्वितीयाको दिन दिउँसो जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय प्रमुखहरुको उपस्थितिमा दुई सलामी (निशान झण्डा र भैरवी सलामी) दिइन्छ। यो यात्रा देवी भैरवी मन्दिरनिर महेश मर्दिनी मन्दिर पुगेपछि धमिनीलाई सिन्दुर हालिन्छ र यसले सिन्दुरे जात्राको रुप लिन्छ। == धर्म == === हिन्दु धर्म === === बौद्ध धर्म === === किराँत मुन्धुम === === इस्लाम धर्म === मुसलमानहरूको बसोबास त्रिशूली बजार क्षेत्रमा बाक्लो पाइन्छ । मुसलमानहरुको प्रमुख पेशा व्यापार व्यवसाय हो । चुरा, धागो पोते बेच्ने मुसलमानहरू अन्य व्यवसायमा पनि संलग्न छन् । त्रिशूलीमा मुसलमानको वस्ती तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा बसोबास गर्दै आएको देखिन्छ । इराकबाट व्यापारको सिलसिलामा भारततर्फ छिर्ने क्रममा काठमाडौं प्रवेश गरे । अहिले त्रिशूलीबाट केही मुसलमानहरू व्यापारकै सिलसिलामा व्यापारीक केन्द्र बट्टार, [[देवीघाट]], चोकदे, रानीपौवाका साथै काठमाडौँतर्फ छरिएका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खबर |first=डबली |date=2023-12-21 |title=नुवाकोट जिल्लामा जातीय विविधता |url=https://www.dabalikhabar.com/2023/12/24367/ |access-date=2026-07-30 |website=Dabali Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> विदुर नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्र मुस्लिम समुदायलाई नमाज पढ्न र धार्मिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि बट्टार/त्रिशूली वरपर स्थानीय मस्जिद रहेका छन्। === अन्य धर्म === === शिक्षा === नुवाकोट आदर्श बहुमुखी क्याम्पस (बट्टार) यहाँको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र पुरानो क्याम्पसहरू मध्ये एक हो। नगरपालिका भित्र त्रिभुवन त्रिशूली माध्यमिक विद्यालय (नेपालकै पुरानो र ऐतिहासिक विद्यालय मध्येको एक) जस्ता नाम चलेका सरकारी विद्यालय र थुप्रै अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कूलहरू छन्। == अर्थतन्त्र == [[चित्र:Trishuli_Hydropower.png|अङ्गुठाकार|[[त्रिशुली जलविद्युत|त्रिशूली जलविद्युत]] ]] यहाँका अधिकांश बासिन्दाको आयस्रोत कृषि हो। तरकारी खेती, धान, मकै उत्पादन तथा पशुपालनले स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ। * [[देवीघाट जलविद्युत]] * [[नुवाकोट सौर्य उर्जा केन्द्र]] == पर्यटन == विदुर नगरपालिका ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक र जलविद्युत पर्यटनको एक प्रमुख केन्द्र हो। काठमाडौँबाट नजिकै रहेको र बन्चरेडाँडा वा गल्छी हुँदै सहजै पुग्न सकिने भएकाले यो क्षेत्र आन्तरिक तथा बाह्य पर्यटकका लागि गन्तव्य बन्दै गएको छ। विदुरका मुख्य पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू * '''नुवाकोट दरबार क्षेत्र:''' विदुर नगरपालिकाको शिरमा अवस्थित ऐतिहासिक [[नुवाकोट दरबार|साततले दरबार]], पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको गढी, तलेजु भवानी र भैरवी मन्दिर यहाँका मुख्य आकर्षण हुन्। यस क्षेत्रले नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास झल्काउँछ। * '''धार्मिक पर्यटकीय स्थल देवीघाट:''' त्रिशूली र तादी नदीको संगममा रहेको [[देवीघाट]] एक पवित्र धार्मिक स्थल हो। यहाँ बुढीभैरवी मन्दिर, जालपादेवी मन्दिर र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको समाधि स्थल (अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको ठाउँ) रहेकाले यसको धार्मिक र ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व छ। * '''जलविद्युत र सौर्य ऊर्जा पर्यटन:''' नेपालकै ऐतिहासिक त्रिशूली र देवीघाट जलविद्युत आयोजनाका साथै देशकै ठूलो २५ मेगावाटको सौर्य ऊर्जा केन्द्र (Solar Plant) यसै नगरपालिकामा पर्दछन्। यो क्षेत्र शैक्षिक तथा प्राविधिक भ्रमणका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ। * '''त्रिशूली नदी र साहसिक पर्यटन:''' विदुर भएर बग्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी]]मा राफ्टिङका लागि देश-विदेशबाट पर्यटकहरू आउने गर्छन्। नदी किनारमा बन्दै गरेका अत्याधुनिक रिसोर्टहरूले यहाँको 'रिभर टुरिजम' लाई बढावा दिएका छन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी]] * [[जगदिश्वरनरसिंह केसी|जगदीश्वर नरसिंह केसी]] * [[केदार नरसिंह केसी|केदारनरसिंह केसी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नुवाकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, नुवाकोट] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926074101/http://ddcnuwakot.gov.np/ |date=2019-09-26 }} [[श्रेणी:नुवाकोट जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] oxljm9s43gv4a6qx9obmgatao6fix6m 0 6565 1368016 1342947 2026-07-31T04:24:49Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | name = | native_name = | nickname = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | motto = | image_skyline = Karnali River,Jite Gadhi,Kalikot.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = कालिकोट जिल्लामा रहेको [[कर्णाली नदी]] | image_map = Kalikot Karnali locator.png | map_alt = | map_caption = कर्णाली प्रदेशमा कालिकोट जिल्लाको अवस्थिति (गाढा पहेँलो) | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = {{Coord|29|9|0|N|81|37|0|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:enwiki|display=title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम सम्पन्न राष्ट्रहरूको सूची|देश]] | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] | parts_type = [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तहहरू]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = [[नेपालका सहरहरूको सूची|'''नगरपालिका''']] | p2 = [[रास्कोट नगरपालिका|रास्कोट]] | p3 = [[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका|खाँडाचक्र]] | p4 = [[तिलागुफा नगरपालिका|तिलागुफा]] | p17 = [[नेपालका गाउँपालिकाहरूको सूची|'''गाउँपालिका''']] | p18 = [[पचालझरना गाउँपालिका|पचालझरना]] | p19 = [[सान्नी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका|सान्नी त्रिवेणी]] | p20 = [[नरहरिनाथ गाउँपालिका|नरहरिनाथ]] | p21 = [[शुभकालिका गाउँपालिका|शुभकालिका]] | p22 = [[महावै गाउँपालिका|महावै]] | p23 = [[पलाँता गाउँपालिका|पलाँता]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date =वि.सं २०१८ | seat_type = सदरमुकाम | seat = [[मान्म]] <small> ([[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका]]) | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = १ सिट{{collapsible list|bullets=on|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १]]}} | leader_title3 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name3 = २ सिट {{collapsible list|bullets=on|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १ (ख)]]|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १ (ख)]]}} | government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://daokalikot.moha.gov.np/ |title=जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, कालिकोट}}</ref> | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिल्ला समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस]], कालिकोट | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2531 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="provincialreport"/> | population_total = 145292 | population_as_of = [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | population_blank1_title = घरधुरी | population_blank1 =26779 | demographics_type1 = [[जनसाङ्ख्यिकी]] | demographics1_title1 = जातीय समूहहरू | demographics1_info1 = [[क्षेत्री]], [[ठकुरी]], [[कामी जाति|कामी]] | demographics1_title2 = महिला ♀ | demographics1_info2 = ५०.३% | demographics1_title3 = ♂९८.९पुरुष/१०० महिला | demographics1_info3 = | demographics_type2 = [[मानव विकास सूचकाङ्क]] | demographics2_title1 = प्रतिव्यक्ति आय | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = गरिबी दर | demographics2_info2 = | demographics2_title3 = [[साक्षरता दर]] | demographics2_info3 = ७६.२% | demographics2_title4 = | demographics2_info4 = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरू|आधिकारिक भाषा]](हरू) | blank_info_sec1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]], [[खस भाषा|खस]] | blank_name_sec2 = मुख्य राजमार्गहरू | blank_info_sec2 = | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | area_code_type = [[नेपालमा टेलिफोन कोड|टेलिफोन कोड]] | area_code = ०८७ | website = [http://daokalikot.moha.gov.np जिप्रका, कालिकोट] [http://ddckalikot.gov.np जिसस, कालिकोट] | footnotes = }} '''कालिकोट जिल्ला''' [[नेपाल]]को [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] अन्तर्गत पर्ने एक जिल्ला हो। [[मान्म]] जिल्ला सदरमुकाम हो। यस जिल्लाले १,७४१ वर्ग किलोमिटर (६७२ वर्ग माइल) क्षेत्रफल ओगटेको छ। [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार जिल्लाको जनसङ्ख्या १,४५,२९२ रहेको थियो। पहिले कालिकोटको नाम तिब्रीकोट थियो। बि.सं २०३३ मा यो जिल्लाको नाम कालीकोट कायम गरियो । जिल्लाको नामाकरण सन्दर्भमा विभिन्न भनाई भएतापनि कालिकोट जिल्लाको [[मुग्राहाँ]] गाविसको कालिका गाउँमा अवस्थित रहेको कालीदेवीको मन्दिर (माडु)बाट नै यस जिल्लाको नाम कालिकोट रहन गएको हो भन्ने जनधारणा रहेको पाइन्छ।<ref name="dtc_kalikot">[http://ddckalikot.gov.np जि.वि.स.कालिकोट]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == नामाकरण == [[गोरखनाथ|गुरू गोरक्षनाथ]] लाई महाकालिले निल्नुभएपश्चात गोरक्षनाथले आफुलाई योग बलद्वारा ज्वालामुखी बनाउनुभयो, कालिका देवि त्यो जलन सहन नसकेर तड्पिनुभयो र गोरक्षनाथ भगवान सङ्ग बिन्ती गर्दै [[कैलास पर्वत]]बाट ५५ कोष दक्षिण तर्फ आएर तपश्या गर्न थालिन्। तब गुरु गोरक्षनाथले आफुलाई शान्त पार्नुभयो र भन्नुभयो "हामी योगि हरूको योगबलले नै तपाई देवि देवतालाई शक्ती दिने गर्दछ त्यसैले शक्तिको अभिमान गर्न पहिले त्यस शक्तिको श्रोत चिन्नु" भनेर तत्व दिनुभयो। त्यो कैलास बाट ५५ कोष दक्षिणको ठाउँमा कालिका देविले तत्व ज्ञान पाउनुभएको हुँदा त्यस ठाउको नाम "कालिकोट" हुन गएको हो। त्यस अघि त्यस ठाउँलाई तिब्रीकोट भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो, निश्चित एउटा डाँडोलाई मात्र कालिकोट भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। बि.सं. २०२७ सालमा योगिराज रामनाथ अघोरी गुरुमहाराजले यस प्रसंग लाई उठाएर त्यस ठाउँको नाम कालिकोट राख्नुभएको हो। == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == {{Historical populations |title = |align = center |clear = |direction = |percentages = pagr |state = |type = |shading = off |width = |subbox = |pop_name = |year_name = जनगणना वर्ष (वि.सं) |percent_name = |footnote = |source = सिटी पपुलेसन<ref>{{cite web |title=NEPAL: Administrative Division |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/admin/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |language=en}}</ref> |graph-pos = bottom |graph-width = |graph-height = |percol = |cols = |perrow = |rows = |२०३८|87,638 |२०४८|88,805 |२०५८|105,580 |२०६८|136,948 |२०७८|144,917 }} [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार, कालिकोट जिल्लाको जनसङ्ख्या १,४५,२९२ थियो। जनसङ्ख्याको ११.४३% ५ वर्ष मुनिका छन्। जिल्लाको [[साक्षरता दर]] ७२.७२% छ र लिङ्ग अनुपात प्रति १००० पुरुषमा १०११ महिला छन्। नगरपालिकाहरूमा ५५,८९६ (३८.४७%) बसोबास गर्दछन्।<ref name="provincialreport">{{Cite web |title=Provincial/District/Local reports: Karnali Province |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/province/Karnali_Province_census_report.pdf |access-date= |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{Pie chart |thumb = left |caption=कालिकोट जिल्लाका जातजातिहरू (वि.सं २०७८)<ref name="caste"/> |label1 = [[क्षेत्री]] |value1 = 29.61 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ठकुरी]] |value2 = 24.47 |color2 = crimson |label3 = [[कामी जाति|कामी]] |value3 = 18.74 |color3 = salmon |label4 = [[बाहुन]] |value4 = 15.20 |color4 = orange |label5 = [[दमाई जाति|दमाई]] |value5 = 5.61 |color5 = darksalmon |label6 = [[सार्की जाति|सार्की]] |value6 = 3.91 |color6 = lightsalmon |label7 = दसनमी |value7 = 0.91 |color7 = darkorange |label8 = पहाडी जनजाति|value8 = 1.30 |color8 = teal |label9 = अन्य|value9 = 0.25 |color9 = grey }} जनसङ्ख्याको ९८% अर्थात् [[खस जाति]]ले बहुमत ओगटेका छन्। खस दलितहरूले जनसङ्ख्याको २८% ओगटेका छन्। पहाडी जनजातिहरू, मुख्यतया मगरहरू, जनसङ्ख्याको १% ओगटेका छन्।<ref name="caste">{{Cite web |title=Table 1: Caste/Ethnicity and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८ |publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{Pie chart |caption = कालिकोट जिल्लामा बोलिने भाषाहरू (वि.सं २०७८)<ref name="mothertongue"/> |thumb = right |label1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] |value1 = 73.24 |color1 = orange |label2 = खस|value2 = 26.17 |color2 = sandybrown |label3 = अन्य|value3 = 0.59 |color3 = grey }} [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार, ७३.२४% जनसङ्ख्याले नेपाली बोल्दछन् र २६.१७% खसलाई आफ्नो पहिलो भाषा बोल्दछन्। खस कर्णाली प्रदेशमा बोलिने नेपालीको उपभाषिका हो।<ref name="mothertongue">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Mother tongue and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date= |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> [[हिन्दु धर्म]] यहाँको प्रमुख धर्म हो, जुन ९९.७९% जनसङ्ख्याले मान्दछन्।<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Religion and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{clear}} == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा ९ स्थानीय तहहरू छन्, जसमध्ये ३ नगरपालिका र ६ गाउँपालिका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+जुम्ला जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तह !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग<br>किमी) |- |१ |[[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका]] |[[मान्म]], [[दाँहा]], [[पाँखा]], [[मार्ता]] (८) र [[बदालकोट]] |११ |[[मान्म]] |२२,२७४ |१३३.२९ |१७० |- |२ |[[रास्कोट नगरपालिका]] |[[सिपखाना]], [[स्युना]] र [[फुकोट]] |९ |[[स्युना]] |१७,४२५ |५९.७३ |२९० |- |३ |[[तिलागुफा नगरपालिका]] |[[फोईमहादेव]], [[राँचुली]], [[जुविथा]], [[छाप्रे, सुर्खेत|छाप्रे]] र [[चिलखाया]] (१-८) |११ |[[जुविथा]] |१३,१९७ |२६२.५६ |५० |- |४ |[[पचालझरना गाउँपालिका]] |[[नानिकोट]], [[राम्नाकोट]] र [[बदालकोट]] (४-९) |९ |[[राम्नाकोट]] |१३,६८७ |१६६.९२ |८२ |- |५ |[[सान्नी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका]] |[[रकु]], [[मेहलमुडी]] र [[मुम्रा]] |९ |[[मेहलमुडी]] |१३,४९१ |१३६.७१ |९९ |- |६ |[[नरहरिनाथ गाउँपालिका]] |[[कोटवाडा]], [[कुमालगाउँ]], [[रूप्सा]], [[मालकोट]] र [[लालु]] |९ |[[कुमालगाउँ]] |२२,४५८ |१४३.८६ |१६० |- |७ |[[शुभकालिका गाउँपालिका]] |[[सुकाटियाँ]], [[मुग्राहाँ|कालिका (मुग्राहाँ)]] र [[मार्ता]] (१-७,९) |८ |[[सुकाटियाँ]] |१३,७७३ |९७.३२ |१४० |- |८ |[[महावै गाउँपालिका]] |[[ओदानकु]], [[गेला]] र [[चिलखाया]] (९) |७ |[[ओदानकु]] |८,१७७ |३२२.०७ |२५ |- |९ |[[पलाँता गाउँपालिका]] |[[धौलागोह]], [[खिन]] र [[थिर्पु]] |९ |रानीविसौना |१७,३४६ |३१८.८४ |५४ |} [[चित्र:कालिकोट जिल्लाका गाविसहरू.png|thumb|right|300px|कालिकोट जिल्लाका साविकका गाविसहरू]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *[http://www.un.org.np/sites/default/files/maps/district_maps/Kalikot.pdf कालिकोटमा गाविसको सिमाना, पानीको सुविधा र सडकहरूको संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घको नक्सा] * {{statoids|id=ynp|title=नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Kalikot District|कालिकोट जिल्ला}} {{कालिकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कर्णाली प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कालिकोट जिल्ला| ]] afi844s0erk6gwofndvz0mpaajucn0v 1368017 1368016 2026-07-31T04:28:42Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | name = | native_name = | nickname = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | motto = | image_skyline = Karnali River,Jite Gadhi,Kalikot.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = कालिकोट जिल्लामा रहेको [[कर्णाली नदी]] | image_map = Kalikot Karnali locator.png | map_alt = | map_caption = कर्णाली प्रदेशमा कालिकोट जिल्लाको अवस्थिति (गाढा पहेँलो) | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = {{Coord|29|9|0|N|81|37|0|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:enwiki|display=title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम सम्पन्न राष्ट्रहरूको सूची|देश]] | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] | parts_type = [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तहहरू]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = [[नेपालका सहरहरूको सूची|'''नगरपालिका''']] | p2 = [[रास्कोट नगरपालिका|रास्कोट]] | p3 = [[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका|खाँडाचक्र]] | p4 = [[तिलागुफा नगरपालिका|तिलागुफा]] | p17 = [[नेपालका गाउँपालिकाहरूको सूची|'''गाउँपालिका''']] | p18 = [[पचालझरना गाउँपालिका|पचालझरना]] | p19 = [[सान्नी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका|सान्नी त्रिवेणी]] | p20 = [[नरहरिनाथ गाउँपालिका|नरहरिनाथ]] | p21 = [[शुभकालिका गाउँपालिका|शुभकालिका]] | p22 = [[महावै गाउँपालिका|महावै]] | p23 = [[पलाँता गाउँपालिका|पलाँता]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date =वि.सं २०१८ | seat_type = सदरमुकाम | seat = [[मान्म]] <small> ([[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका]]) | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = १ सिट{{collapsible list|bullets=on|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १]]}} | leader_title3 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name3 = २ सिट {{collapsible list|bullets=on|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १ (ख)]]|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १ (ख)]]}} | government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://daokalikot.moha.gov.np/ |title=जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, कालिकोट}}</ref> | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिल्ला समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस]], कालिकोट | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2531 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="provincialreport"/> | population_total = 145292 | population_as_of = [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | population_blank1_title = घरधुरी | population_blank1 =26779 | demographics_type1 = [[जनसाङ्ख्यिकी]] | demographics1_title1 = जातीय समूहहरू | demographics1_info1 = [[क्षेत्री]], [[ठकुरी]], [[कामी जाति|कामी]] | demographics1_title2 = महिला ♀ | demographics1_info2 = ५०.३% | demographics1_title3 = ♂९८.९पुरुष/१०० महिला | demographics1_info3 = | demographics_type2 = [[मानव विकास सूचकाङ्क]] | demographics2_title1 = प्रतिव्यक्ति आय | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = गरिबी दर | demographics2_info2 = | demographics2_title3 = [[साक्षरता दर]] | demographics2_info3 = ७६.२% | demographics2_title4 = | demographics2_info4 = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरू|आधिकारिक भाषा]](हरू) | blank_info_sec1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]], [[खस भाषा|खस]] | blank_name_sec2 = मुख्य राजमार्गहरू | blank_info_sec2 = | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | area_code_type = [[नेपालमा टेलिफोन कोड|टेलिफोन कोड]] | area_code = ०८७ | website = [http://daokalikot.moha.gov.np जिप्रका, कालिकोट] [http://ddckalikot.gov.np जिसस, कालिकोट] | footnotes = }} '''कालिकोट जिल्ला''' [[नेपाल]]को [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] अन्तर्गत पर्ने एक जिल्ला हो। [[मान्म]] जिल्ला सदरमुकाम हो। यस जिल्लाले १,७४१ वर्ग किलोमिटर (६७२ वर्ग माइल) क्षेत्रफल ओगटेको छ। [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार जिल्लाको जनसङ्ख्या १,४५,२९२ रहेको थियो। पहिले कालिकोटको नाम तिब्रीकोट थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=शाही |first=पवित्रकुमार |date=३ श्रावण २०७३ |title=रहेनन् कान्छो जिल्ला जन्मदाता उपाध्याय |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/104173-1468815000.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> बि.सं २०३२ /८ / २६ मा यो जिल्लाको नाम कालीकोट कायम गरियो । जिल्लाको नामाकरण सन्दर्भमा विभिन्न भनाई भएतापनि कालिकोट जिल्लाको [[मुग्राहाँ]] गाविसको कालिका गाउँमा अवस्थित रहेको कालीदेवीको मन्दिर (माडु)बाट नै यस जिल्लाको नाम कालिकोट रहन गएको हो भन्ने जनधारणा रहेको पाइन्छ।<ref name="dtc_kalikot">[http://ddckalikot.gov.np जि.वि.स.कालिकोट]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == नामाकरण == [[गोरखनाथ|गुरू गोरक्षनाथ]] लाई महाकालिले निल्नुभएपश्चात गोरक्षनाथले आफुलाई योग बलद्वारा ज्वालामुखी बनाउनुभयो, कालिका देवि त्यो जलन सहन नसकेर तड्पिनुभयो र गोरक्षनाथ भगवान सङ्ग बिन्ती गर्दै [[कैलास पर्वत]]बाट ५५ कोष दक्षिण तर्फ आएर तपश्या गर्न थालिन्। तब गुरु गोरक्षनाथले आफुलाई शान्त पार्नुभयो र भन्नुभयो "हामी योगि हरूको योगबलले नै तपाई देवि देवतालाई शक्ती दिने गर्दछ त्यसैले शक्तिको अभिमान गर्न पहिले त्यस शक्तिको श्रोत चिन्नु" भनेर तत्व दिनुभयो। त्यो कैलास बाट ५५ कोष दक्षिणको ठाउँमा कालिका देविले तत्व ज्ञान पाउनुभएको हुँदा त्यस ठाउको नाम "कालिकोट" हुन गएको हो। त्यस अघि त्यस ठाउँलाई तिब्रीकोट भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो, निश्चित एउटा डाँडोलाई मात्र कालिकोट भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। बि.सं. २०२७ सालमा योगिराज रामनाथ अघोरी गुरुमहाराजले यस प्रसंग लाई उठाएर त्यस ठाउँको नाम कालिकोट राख्नुभएको हो। == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == {{Historical populations |title = |align = center |clear = |direction = |percentages = pagr |state = |type = |shading = off |width = |subbox = |pop_name = |year_name = जनगणना वर्ष (वि.सं) |percent_name = |footnote = |source = सिटी पपुलेसन<ref>{{cite web |title=NEPAL: Administrative Division |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/admin/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |language=en}}</ref> |graph-pos = bottom |graph-width = |graph-height = |percol = |cols = |perrow = |rows = |२०३८|87,638 |२०४८|88,805 |२०५८|105,580 |२०६८|136,948 |२०७८|144,917 }} [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार, कालिकोट जिल्लाको जनसङ्ख्या १,४५,२९२ थियो। जनसङ्ख्याको ११.४३% ५ वर्ष मुनिका छन्। जिल्लाको [[साक्षरता दर]] ७२.७२% छ र लिङ्ग अनुपात प्रति १००० पुरुषमा १०११ महिला छन्। नगरपालिकाहरूमा ५५,८९६ (३८.४७%) बसोबास गर्दछन्।<ref name="provincialreport">{{Cite web |title=Provincial/District/Local reports: Karnali Province |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/province/Karnali_Province_census_report.pdf |access-date= |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{Pie chart |thumb = left |caption=कालिकोट जिल्लाका जातजातिहरू (वि.सं २०७८)<ref name="caste"/> |label1 = [[क्षेत्री]] |value1 = 29.61 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ठकुरी]] |value2 = 24.47 |color2 = crimson |label3 = [[कामी जाति|कामी]] |value3 = 18.74 |color3 = salmon |label4 = [[बाहुन]] |value4 = 15.20 |color4 = orange |label5 = [[दमाई जाति|दमाई]] |value5 = 5.61 |color5 = darksalmon |label6 = [[सार्की जाति|सार्की]] |value6 = 3.91 |color6 = lightsalmon |label7 = दसनमी |value7 = 0.91 |color7 = darkorange |label8 = पहाडी जनजाति|value8 = 1.30 |color8 = teal |label9 = अन्य|value9 = 0.25 |color9 = grey }} जनसङ्ख्याको ९८% अर्थात् [[खस जाति]]ले बहुमत ओगटेका छन्। खस दलितहरूले जनसङ्ख्याको २८% ओगटेका छन्। पहाडी जनजातिहरू, मुख्यतया मगरहरू, जनसङ्ख्याको १% ओगटेका छन्।<ref name="caste">{{Cite web |title=Table 1: Caste/Ethnicity and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८ |publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{Pie chart |caption = कालिकोट जिल्लामा बोलिने भाषाहरू (वि.सं २०७८)<ref name="mothertongue"/> |thumb = right |label1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] |value1 = 73.24 |color1 = orange |label2 = खस|value2 = 26.17 |color2 = sandybrown |label3 = अन्य|value3 = 0.59 |color3 = grey }} [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार, ७३.२४% जनसङ्ख्याले नेपाली बोल्दछन् र २६.१७% खसलाई आफ्नो पहिलो भाषा बोल्दछन्। खस कर्णाली प्रदेशमा बोलिने नेपालीको उपभाषिका हो।<ref name="mothertongue">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Mother tongue and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date= |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> [[हिन्दु धर्म]] यहाँको प्रमुख धर्म हो, जुन ९९.७९% जनसङ्ख्याले मान्दछन्।<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Religion and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{clear}} == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा ९ स्थानीय तहहरू छन्, जसमध्ये ३ नगरपालिका र ६ गाउँपालिका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+जुम्ला जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तह !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग<br>किमी) |- |१ |[[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका]] |[[मान्म]], [[दाँहा]], [[पाँखा]], [[मार्ता]] (८) र [[बदालकोट]] |११ |[[मान्म]] |२२,२७४ |१३३.२९ |१७० |- |२ |[[रास्कोट नगरपालिका]] |[[सिपखाना]], [[स्युना]] र [[फुकोट]] |९ |[[स्युना]] |१७,४२५ |५९.७३ |२९० |- |३ |[[तिलागुफा नगरपालिका]] |[[फोईमहादेव]], [[राँचुली]], [[जुविथा]], [[छाप्रे, सुर्खेत|छाप्रे]] र [[चिलखाया]] (१-८) |११ |[[जुविथा]] |१३,१९७ |२६२.५६ |५० |- |४ |[[पचालझरना गाउँपालिका]] |[[नानिकोट]], [[राम्नाकोट]] र [[बदालकोट]] (४-९) |९ |[[राम्नाकोट]] |१३,६८७ |१६६.९२ |८२ |- |५ |[[सान्नी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका]] |[[रकु]], [[मेहलमुडी]] र [[मुम्रा]] |९ |[[मेहलमुडी]] |१३,४९१ |१३६.७१ |९९ |- |६ |[[नरहरिनाथ गाउँपालिका]] |[[कोटवाडा]], [[कुमालगाउँ]], [[रूप्सा]], [[मालकोट]] र [[लालु]] |९ |[[कुमालगाउँ]] |२२,४५८ |१४३.८६ |१६० |- |७ |[[शुभकालिका गाउँपालिका]] |[[सुकाटियाँ]], [[मुग्राहाँ|कालिका (मुग्राहाँ)]] र [[मार्ता]] (१-७,९) |८ |[[सुकाटियाँ]] |१३,७७३ |९७.३२ |१४० |- |८ |[[महावै गाउँपालिका]] |[[ओदानकु]], [[गेला]] र [[चिलखाया]] (९) |७ |[[ओदानकु]] |८,१७७ |३२२.०७ |२५ |- |९ |[[पलाँता गाउँपालिका]] |[[धौलागोह]], [[खिन]] र [[थिर्पु]] |९ |रानीविसौना |१७,३४६ |३१८.८४ |५४ |} [[चित्र:कालिकोट जिल्लाका गाविसहरू.png|thumb|right|300px|कालिकोट जिल्लाका साविकका गाविसहरू]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *[http://www.un.org.np/sites/default/files/maps/district_maps/Kalikot.pdf कालिकोटमा गाविसको सिमाना, पानीको सुविधा र सडकहरूको संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घको नक्सा] * {{statoids|id=ynp|title=नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Kalikot District|कालिकोट जिल्ला}} {{कालिकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कर्णाली प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कालिकोट जिल्ला| ]] rx9g8dpwevztrowinnyp0wt43la7lko 1368018 1368017 2026-07-31T04:30:29Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | name = | native_name = | nickname = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | motto = | image_skyline = Karnali River,Jite Gadhi,Kalikot.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = कालिकोट जिल्लामा रहेको [[कर्णाली नदी]] | image_map = Kalikot Karnali locator.png | map_alt = | map_caption = कर्णाली प्रदेशमा कालिकोट जिल्लाको अवस्थिति (गाढा पहेँलो) | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = {{Coord|29|9|0|N|81|37|0|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:enwiki|display=title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम सम्पन्न राष्ट्रहरूको सूची|देश]] | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] | parts_type = [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तहहरू]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = [[नेपालका सहरहरूको सूची|'''नगरपालिका''']] | p2 = [[रास्कोट नगरपालिका|रास्कोट]] | p3 = [[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका|खाँडाचक्र]] | p4 = [[तिलागुफा नगरपालिका|तिलागुफा]] | p17 = [[नेपालका गाउँपालिकाहरूको सूची|'''गाउँपालिका''']] | p18 = [[पचालझरना गाउँपालिका|पचालझरना]] | p19 = [[सान्नी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका|सान्नी त्रिवेणी]] | p20 = [[नरहरिनाथ गाउँपालिका|नरहरिनाथ]] | p21 = [[शुभकालिका गाउँपालिका|शुभकालिका]] | p22 = [[महावै गाउँपालिका|महावै]] | p23 = [[पलाँता गाउँपालिका|पलाँता]] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date =वि.सं २०१८ | seat_type = सदरमुकाम | seat = [[मान्म]] <small> ([[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका]]) | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = १ सिट{{collapsible list|bullets=on|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १]]}} | leader_title3 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name3 = २ सिट {{collapsible list|bullets=on|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १ (ख)]]|[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १ (ख)]]}} | government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://daokalikot.moha.gov.np/ |title=जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, कालिकोट}}</ref> | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिल्ला समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस]], कालिकोट | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2531 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="provincialreport"/> | population_total = 145292 | population_as_of = [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | population_blank1_title = घरधुरी | population_blank1 =26779 | demographics_type1 = [[जनसाङ्ख्यिकी]] | demographics1_title1 = जातीय समूहहरू | demographics1_info1 = [[क्षेत्री]], [[ठकुरी]], [[कामी जाति|कामी]] | demographics1_title2 = महिला ♀ | demographics1_info2 = ५०.३% | demographics1_title3 = ♂९८.९पुरुष/१०० महिला | demographics1_info3 = | demographics_type2 = [[मानव विकास सूचकाङ्क]] | demographics2_title1 = प्रतिव्यक्ति आय | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = गरिबी दर | demographics2_info2 = | demographics2_title3 = [[साक्षरता दर]] | demographics2_info3 = ७६.२% | demographics2_title4 = | demographics2_info4 = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरू|आधिकारिक भाषा]](हरू) | blank_info_sec1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]], [[खस भाषा|खस]] | blank_name_sec2 = मुख्य राजमार्गहरू | blank_info_sec2 = | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | area_code_type = [[नेपालमा टेलिफोन कोड|टेलिफोन कोड]] | area_code = ०८७ | website = [http://daokalikot.moha.gov.np जिप्रका, कालिकोट] [http://ddckalikot.gov.np जिसस, कालिकोट] | footnotes = }} '''कालिकोट जिल्ला''' [[नेपाल]]को [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] अन्तर्गत पर्ने एक जिल्ला हो। [[मान्म]] जिल्ला सदरमुकाम हो। यस जिल्लाले १,७४१ वर्ग किलोमिटर (६७२ वर्ग माइल) क्षेत्रफल ओगटेको छ। [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार जिल्लाको जनसङ्ख्या १,४५,२९२ रहेको थियो। पहिले कालिकोटको नाम तिब्रीकोट थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=शाही |first=पवित्रकुमार |date=३ श्रावण २०७३ |title=रहेनन् कान्छो जिल्ला जन्मदाता उपाध्याय |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/104173-1468815000.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> बि.सं २०३२ /८ / २६ मा यो जिल्लाको नाम कालीकोट कायम गरियो । वि.स.२०३२ सालमा छुट्टयाउने निर्णय भए तापनि यस जिल्लाको जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय लगायत अन्य कार्यालयहरु विधिवत रुपमा २०३४ सालमा स्थापना गरीएका हुन्। जिल्लाको नामाकरण सन्दर्भमा विभिन्न भनाई भएतापनि कालिकोट जिल्लाको [[मुग्राहाँ]] गाविसको कालिका गाउँमा अवस्थित रहेको कालीदेवीको मन्दिर (माडु)बाट नै यस जिल्लाको नाम कालिकोट रहन गएको हो भन्ने जनधारणा रहेको पाइन्छ।<ref name="dtc_kalikot">[http://ddckalikot.gov.np जि.वि.स.कालिकोट]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == नामाकरण == [[गोरखनाथ|गुरू गोरक्षनाथ]] लाई महाकालिले निल्नुभएपश्चात गोरक्षनाथले आफुलाई योग बलद्वारा ज्वालामुखी बनाउनुभयो, कालिका देवि त्यो जलन सहन नसकेर तड्पिनुभयो र गोरक्षनाथ भगवान सङ्ग बिन्ती गर्दै [[कैलास पर्वत]]बाट ५५ कोष दक्षिण तर्फ आएर तपश्या गर्न थालिन्। तब गुरु गोरक्षनाथले आफुलाई शान्त पार्नुभयो र भन्नुभयो "हामी योगि हरूको योगबलले नै तपाई देवि देवतालाई शक्ती दिने गर्दछ त्यसैले शक्तिको अभिमान गर्न पहिले त्यस शक्तिको श्रोत चिन्नु" भनेर तत्व दिनुभयो। त्यो कैलास बाट ५५ कोष दक्षिणको ठाउँमा कालिका देविले तत्व ज्ञान पाउनुभएको हुँदा त्यस ठाउको नाम "कालिकोट" हुन गएको हो। त्यस अघि त्यस ठाउँलाई तिब्रीकोट भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो, निश्चित एउटा डाँडोलाई मात्र कालिकोट भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। बि.सं. २०२७ सालमा योगिराज रामनाथ अघोरी गुरुमहाराजले यस प्रसंग लाई उठाएर त्यस ठाउँको नाम कालिकोट राख्नुभएको हो। == जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == {{Historical populations |title = |align = center |clear = |direction = |percentages = pagr |state = |type = |shading = off |width = |subbox = |pop_name = |year_name = जनगणना वर्ष (वि.सं) |percent_name = |footnote = |source = सिटी पपुलेसन<ref>{{cite web |title=NEPAL: Administrative Division |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/admin/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |language=en}}</ref> |graph-pos = bottom |graph-width = |graph-height = |percol = |cols = |perrow = |rows = |२०३८|87,638 |२०४८|88,805 |२०५८|105,580 |२०६८|136,948 |२०७८|144,917 }} [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार, कालिकोट जिल्लाको जनसङ्ख्या १,४५,२९२ थियो। जनसङ्ख्याको ११.४३% ५ वर्ष मुनिका छन्। जिल्लाको [[साक्षरता दर]] ७२.७२% छ र लिङ्ग अनुपात प्रति १००० पुरुषमा १०११ महिला छन्। नगरपालिकाहरूमा ५५,८९६ (३८.४७%) बसोबास गर्दछन्।<ref name="provincialreport">{{Cite web |title=Provincial/District/Local reports: Karnali Province |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/province/Karnali_Province_census_report.pdf |access-date= |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{Pie chart |thumb = left |caption=कालिकोट जिल्लाका जातजातिहरू (वि.सं २०७८)<ref name="caste"/> |label1 = [[क्षेत्री]] |value1 = 29.61 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ठकुरी]] |value2 = 24.47 |color2 = crimson |label3 = [[कामी जाति|कामी]] |value3 = 18.74 |color3 = salmon |label4 = [[बाहुन]] |value4 = 15.20 |color4 = orange |label5 = [[दमाई जाति|दमाई]] |value5 = 5.61 |color5 = darksalmon |label6 = [[सार्की जाति|सार्की]] |value6 = 3.91 |color6 = lightsalmon |label7 = दसनमी |value7 = 0.91 |color7 = darkorange |label8 = पहाडी जनजाति|value8 = 1.30 |color8 = teal |label9 = अन्य|value9 = 0.25 |color9 = grey }} जनसङ्ख्याको ९८% अर्थात् [[खस जाति]]ले बहुमत ओगटेका छन्। खस दलितहरूले जनसङ्ख्याको २८% ओगटेका छन्। पहाडी जनजातिहरू, मुख्यतया मगरहरू, जनसङ्ख्याको १% ओगटेका छन्।<ref name="caste">{{Cite web |title=Table 1: Caste/Ethnicity and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८ |publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{Pie chart |caption = कालिकोट जिल्लामा बोलिने भाषाहरू (वि.सं २०७८)<ref name="mothertongue"/> |thumb = right |label1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] |value1 = 73.24 |color1 = orange |label2 = खस|value2 = 26.17 |color2 = sandybrown |label3 = अन्य|value3 = 0.59 |color3 = grey }} [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] अनुसार, ७३.२४% जनसङ्ख्याले नेपाली बोल्दछन् र २६.१७% खसलाई आफ्नो पहिलो भाषा बोल्दछन्। खस कर्णाली प्रदेशमा बोलिने नेपालीको उपभाषिका हो।<ref name="mothertongue">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Mother tongue and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date= |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> [[हिन्दु धर्म]] यहाँको प्रमुख धर्म हो, जुन ९९.७९% जनसङ्ख्याले मान्दछन्।<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Religion and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]}}</ref> {{clear}} == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा ९ स्थानीय तहहरू छन्, जसमध्ये ३ नगरपालिका र ६ गाउँपालिका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+जुम्ला जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तह !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग<br>किमी) |- |१ |[[खाँडाचक्र नगरपालिका]] |[[मान्म]], [[दाँहा]], [[पाँखा]], [[मार्ता]] (८) र [[बदालकोट]] |११ |[[मान्म]] |२२,२७४ |१३३.२९ |१७० |- |२ |[[रास्कोट नगरपालिका]] |[[सिपखाना]], [[स्युना]] र [[फुकोट]] |९ |[[स्युना]] |१७,४२५ |५९.७३ |२९० |- |३ |[[तिलागुफा नगरपालिका]] |[[फोईमहादेव]], [[राँचुली]], [[जुविथा]], [[छाप्रे, सुर्खेत|छाप्रे]] र [[चिलखाया]] (१-८) |११ |[[जुविथा]] |१३,१९७ |२६२.५६ |५० |- |४ |[[पचालझरना गाउँपालिका]] |[[नानिकोट]], [[राम्नाकोट]] र [[बदालकोट]] (४-९) |९ |[[राम्नाकोट]] |१३,६८७ |१६६.९२ |८२ |- |५ |[[सान्नी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका]] |[[रकु]], [[मेहलमुडी]] र [[मुम्रा]] |९ |[[मेहलमुडी]] |१३,४९१ |१३६.७१ |९९ |- |६ |[[नरहरिनाथ गाउँपालिका]] |[[कोटवाडा]], [[कुमालगाउँ]], [[रूप्सा]], [[मालकोट]] र [[लालु]] |९ |[[कुमालगाउँ]] |२२,४५८ |१४३.८६ |१६० |- |७ |[[शुभकालिका गाउँपालिका]] |[[सुकाटियाँ]], [[मुग्राहाँ|कालिका (मुग्राहाँ)]] र [[मार्ता]] (१-७,९) |८ |[[सुकाटियाँ]] |१३,७७३ |९७.३२ |१४० |- |८ |[[महावै गाउँपालिका]] |[[ओदानकु]], [[गेला]] र [[चिलखाया]] (९) |७ |[[ओदानकु]] |८,१७७ |३२२.०७ |२५ |- |९ |[[पलाँता गाउँपालिका]] |[[धौलागोह]], [[खिन]] र [[थिर्पु]] |९ |रानीविसौना |१७,३४६ |३१८.८४ |५४ |} [[चित्र:कालिकोट जिल्लाका गाविसहरू.png|thumb|right|300px|कालिकोट जिल्लाका साविकका गाविसहरू]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *[http://www.un.org.np/sites/default/files/maps/district_maps/Kalikot.pdf कालिकोटमा गाविसको सिमाना, पानीको सुविधा र सडकहरूको संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घको नक्सा] * {{statoids|id=ynp|title=नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Kalikot District|कालिकोट जिल्ला}} {{कालिकोट जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कर्णाली प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कालिकोट जिल्ला| ]] dg0xoyvjwv5be3t3hjckbvgz4duotmm 0 12329 1368007 1367816 2026-07-30T23:39:17Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | image = Chilli pickle in a plate 2.jpg | caption = भारतमा खुर्सानीको अचार | alternate_name = अचार, खटाई, पचडी, लोन्चा, ऊरुगाई, अवाकाई | name = अचार | region = [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] | type = अचार | course = सहायक परिकार | main_ingredient = फलफूल (आँप, आलुबखडा), तरकारी वा मासु | minor_ingredient = तेल, खुर्सानीको धूलो, मसला, रायोका दाना, सुपका दाना | country = [[भारत]], [[बङ्गलादेश]], [[नेपाल]], [[पाकिस्तान]], [[श्रीलङ्का]], [[म्यान्मार]] | variations = आचार, अत्सारा }} '''अचार''' विभिन्न प्रकारका तरकारी र फलफूललाई नुनपानी (ब्राइन), [[सिरका]], खाद्य तेल तथा दक्षिण एसियाली मसलामा संरक्षण गरी बनाइने, प्रायः मसलेदार सहायक परिकार हुन्। अचार दक्षिण एसियाभरि लोकप्रिय छन् र तिनका धेरै क्षेत्रीय भिन्नरूपहरू पाइन्छन्। सन् १४९२ मा भएको कोलम्बियाली आदानप्रदानमार्फत [[खुर्सानी]] भारतमा भित्रिएपछि अचारले धेरै मुख्य परिकारसँग सहायक परिकारका रूपमा स्थान पाएका छन्। आज अचार घरमै तयार गरिने परम्परागत खाद्यवस्तुबाट विकसित हुँदै विश्वव्यापी रूपमा व्यावसायीकरण गरिएको उत्पादन बनेको छ। यद्यपि यसले दक्षिण एसियाली सांस्कृतिक पहिचानमा अझै पनि महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलिरहेको छ र आधुनिक फ्युजन परिकारहरूमा पनि यसको प्रयोग बढ्दो रूपमा देखिन थालेको छ। ==शब्दावली== [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] तथा दक्षिण एसियाका अन्य धेरै भाषाहरूमा यसलाई अचार भनिन्छ।<ref name="theculturetrip"/> प्रारम्भिक [[संस्कृत]] र [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] साहित्यमा यसका लागि ''अवलेहिका'', ''उपदंशम्'', ''सन्धित'' र ''अवलेह'' जस्ता शब्दहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ।<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003">{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press (India) Private |isbn= 978-81-7371-835-9 }}</ref> ''अचार'' [[फारसी भाषा|फारसी]] मूलको शब्द हो, जुन [[मुगल साम्राज्य]]को समयदेखि प्रचलनमा आएको हो। तर भारतका अचारहरू मध्यपूर्वका सिरकामा आधारित अचारहरूभन्दा निकै फरक हुन्छन्। <ref name="Madani1993">{{cite book |last=Madani |first=Mohsen Saeidi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153 |title=Impact of Hindu Culture on Muslims |publisher=M.D. Publications |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-85880-15-0 |pages=153– |quote=But in the Arab countries, Iran, and Afghanistan, grapes and palm are abundant, so vinegar is made out of them and the achaar in these countries is made by dipping onion, fruits etc. in vinegar. |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225004/https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> फारसी भाषामा ''आचार'' शब्दको अर्थ "नुन वा मसला लगाइएका मासु, अचार वा फलफूल, जसलाई नुन, सिरका, मह वा सिरपमा संरक्षण गरिएको हुन्छ" भन्ने हुन्छ।<ref name="theculturetrip">{{cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |title=A Brief History Of The Humble Indian Pickle |date=28 November 2016 |website=Culture Trip |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |date=27 October 2020 }}</ref> १८औँ शताब्दीमा, जर्ज एबरहार्ड रुम्फियसले भारतीय शब्द ''अचार'' को उत्पत्ति अमेरिकाबाट भएको{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=2–3 "achar"}} र विशेष गरी आरावाकन (क्यारिबियन) भाषाको<ref>{{cite web |title=Concept CHILI PEPPER: aji |url=https://clics.clld.org/parameters/919#1/26/11 |website=CLICS 3 |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref> axi, achi ("खुर्सानी") शब्दबाट आएको हुन सक्ने सुझाव दिएका थिए, जुन अचारमा व्यापक रूपमा प्रयोग हुने खुर्सानीलाई जनाउँछ।{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=2–3 "achar"}} १८८६ को एङ्ग्लो–इन्डियन शब्दकोश ''Hobson-Jobson'' ले यसको व्युत्पत्ति ल्याटिन शब्द ''acetaria'' बाट भएको सुझाव दिन्छ।{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=2–3 "achar"}} ==इतिहास== ===प्राचीन र मध्यकालीन=== [[आयुर्वेद|आयुर्वेदिक]] र [[सङ्गम साहित्य|सङ्गम]]कालीन ग्रन्थहरूमा पाइने प्रारम्भिक अचारका विधिहरूमा विभिन्न प्रकारका अचारहरूको उल्लेख छ, जसमा [[आँप]]को अचारको सबैभन्दा पुरानो ज्ञात उल्लेख पनि समावेश छ।<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003"/> त्रिविक्रम भट्टद्वारा ९१५ ईस्वीमा रचित संस्कृत महाकाव्य ''नलचम्पू'' मा हरियो आँप, [[मरिच|हरियो मरिच]], [[पिपला]], काँचो [[अलैँची]], [[कागती (फल)|कागती]], निम्बू, [[अमला]], [[लप्सी]], [[बेल]] र बोहोरीबाट बनाइने अचारहरूको वर्णन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kamat |first=Jyotsna K. |title=Social Life in Medieval Karnāṭaka |publisher=Abhinav Publications |location=New Delhi |year=1980 |page=7}}</ref> प्रारम्भिक मध्यकालीन पाकशास्त्रका ग्रन्थहरू जस्तै लोकपकार (१०२५ ईस्वी), मानसोल्लास (११३० ईस्वी), पाकदर्पण (१२०० ईस्वी), सूपशास्त्र (१५०८ ईस्वी) र क्षेमकुतूहल (१५४९ ईस्वी) मा हरियो आँप, हरियो मरिच, पिपला, कागती र निम्बू, [[बेसार]]को जरा, अमादी, [[अदुवा]], [[मूला]], [[करेला]], [[काँक्रो]], [[कमल]]को जरा र तामाबाट बनाइने अचारका विधिहरूको उल्लेख गरिएको छ। गुरुलिङ्ग देशिकद्वारा (१५९४ ईस्वी) रचित धार्मिक ग्रन्थ ''लिङ्गपुराण'' मा ५० भन्दा बढी प्रकारका अचारहरूको उल्लेख गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite book |author1=[[Mangarasa III]] |author2=Krishna Jois, S. N. |author3=Konantambigi, Madhukar |author4=Bhat, N. P. |author5=Modwel, Nerupama Y. |title=Culinary Traditions of Medieval Karnataka: The Soopa Shastra of Mangarasa III |year=2012 |publisher=Intangible Cultural Heritage Division, [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] and B.R. Pub. Corp. |isbn=978-93-5050-031-6}}</ref> खानयोग्य फूलबाट बनाइने अद्वितीय अचारहरूको उल्लेख पनि ''निअमतनामा'' (१५०० ईस्वी) नामक पाकशास्त्रीय ग्रन्थमा गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Priyadarshini |title=From night jasmine to banana blossoms: India's centuries-old love affair with edible flowers |date=13 July 2018 |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/881094/from-night-jasmine-to-banana-blossoms-indias-centuries-old-love-affair-with-edible-flowers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208162919/https://scroll.in/magazine/881094/from-night-jasmine-to-banana-blossoms-indias-centuries-old-love-affair-with-edible-flowers |archive-date=8 February 2022 }}</ref> ===कोलम्बियाली आदानप्रदान=== कोलम्बियाली आदानप्रदान (१४९२ पछि कुनै समयमा) पछि [[पोर्तगाली साम्राज्य|पोर्तगाली]] व्यापारीहरूले [[मुगल साम्राज्य]]को नियन्त्रणमा रहेको [[गुजरात]]को पश्चिमी तटका बन्दरगाहहरू हुँदै [[खुर्सानी]]लाई दक्षिण एसियामा भित्र्याएका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले, प्राचीन र मध्यकालीन भारतीय खानामा तीखोपनाको मुख्य स्रोतका रूपमा [[कालो मरिच]], [[पिपला]] र ''Piper chaba'' (ताजा र सुक्खा दुवै रूपमा) जस्ता तुलनात्मक रूपमा कम कडा मसलाहरू प्रयोग गरिन्थे।<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003"/><ref name="Twilley Graber 2019 transcript">{{cite web |last1=Twilley |first1=Nicola |last2=Graber |first2=Nicola |last3=Iyer |first3=Raghavan |author3-link=Raghavan Iyer (chef) |last4=Collingham |first4=Lizzie |author4-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Transcript: The Curry Chronicles |url=https://gastropod.com/transcript-the-curry-chronicles/ |website=Gastropod |access-date=6 October 2024 |date=9 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Batsha 2020">{{Cite web |last=Batsha |first=Nishant |author-link=Nishant Batsha |date=25 June 2020 |title=Curry Before Columbus |url=https://contingentmagazine.org/2020/06/25/curry-before-columbus/ |access-date=15 December 2020 |website=Contingent |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517012336/https://contingentmagazine.org/2020/06/25/curry-before-columbus/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ===एङ्ग्लो–इन्डियनदेखि बेलायतीसम्म=== [[File:Hannah Glasse's Paco-Lilla 1758.jpg|thumb|upright|हाना ग्लासको "पाको–लिला वा इन्डिया पिकल" को विधि, १७५८]] [[ब्रिटिस राज]]को समयमा एङ्ग्लो–इन्डियनहरूले [[चटनी]] र अचार निकै मन पराउँथे र तिनका धेरै प्रकारहरू तयार गर्थे। अचारका प्रकारहरूका लागि [[भान्टा]] र [[भेडे खुर्सानी]]जस्ता तरकारीहरूलाई खुर्सानी, रायोका दाना र [[बेसार]]सँग मिसाएर राखिन्छ, जसले तिनलाई बलियो स्वाद प्रदान गर्छ। यी अचारहरू रायोको तेल वा तिलको तेलमा पकाउन सकिन्छ। केही फलफूललाई अचार बनाएर तयार गरिन्छ, जसमा [[आँप]] र [[कागती (फल)|कागती]]लाई नुनिलो पानीमा भिजाएर घाममा राखिएको भाँडोमा संरक्षण गरिन्छ। मीठा चटनीका लागि आँपजस्ता फलफूललाई चिनी, सिरका र मसलासँग पकाइन्छ। नपकाइने चटनीमा हरियो धनियाँका पात र नरिवलजस्ता सामग्रीहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसमा खुर्सानी, इमली र चिनीबाट स्वाद थपिन्छ; यस्ता चटनीहरू प्रत्येक दिन ताजा तयार गरिन्छ।{{sfn|Brown|1998|pp=347–361}} १७औँ शताब्दीमा, [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी]]को समयमा, भारत आएका बेलायती यात्रुहरूले धेरै प्रकारका [[चटनी]] र अचारहरूबारे जानकारी पाए। नाविकहरूले संरक्षण गरेर राखिने यस्ता परिकारहरू नुनिलो मासु र सुक्खा जहाजको बिस्कुटमा आधारित आफ्नो समुद्री खानाका लागि उपयोगी सहायक परिकार भएको पाए। व्यक्तिगत यात्रुहरू वा व्यापारीहरूले यिनका धेरै परिमाण बेलायत लगे, जहाँ चाँडै नै भान्सेहरूले तिनको नक्कल गर्न थाले र भारतीय मौलिक परिकारहरूमा थप परिवर्तन गरे।{{sfn|Collingham|2006|pp=147–148}} तीमध्ये एक भान्से हाना ग्लासले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''द आर्ट अफ कुकरि मेड प्लेन एन्ड इजी'' को १७५८ को संस्करणमा "पाको–लिला वा इन्डिया पिकल" (Piccalilli) बनाउने विधिको वर्णन गरेकी थिइन्। उनको विधिमा भान्सेलाई केही अदुवा, पिपला र लसुनमा नुन हाल्न तथा सिरकामा रायोका दाना र बेसार मिसाएर मसला तयार गर्न भनिएको थियो। उनले बन्दागोभी, काउली, काँक्रो, खरबुजा, स्याउ, फ्रेन्च बिन्स र आलुबखडाजस्ता तरकारी तथा फलफूललाई पनि यसरी अचार बनाउन सकिने सुझाव दिएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Glasse |first=Hannah |author-link=Hannah Glasse |chapter=Paco-Lilla or India Pickle |title=[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]] |edition=6th |publisher=Printed for the Author: and sold by A. Millar, in the Strand; and T. Trye, near Gray's Inn Gate, Holbourn |year=1758 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xJdAAAAAIAAJ/page/n412 |page=377}}</ref> ==आधुनिक समय== आधुनिक दक्षिण एसियाली देशहरूमा, अचारजस्ता परम्परागत खाद्यवस्तुहरूले सांस्कृतिक पहिचान र पाक सम्पदाको संरक्षणमा अझै पनि महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलिरहेका छन्। अचार धेरै पुस्तादेखि घरेलु खाद्य अभ्यासमा स्थापित रहेको छ र दैनिक भोजनका लागि अझै पनि एक प्रमुख सहायक परिकारका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको स्वाद बढाउने र विभिन्न क्षेत्रका परिकारहरूसँग मेल खाने क्षमताका कारण यसलाई अझै पनि उच्च मूल्य दिइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chakraborty|first1=Rakhi|last2=Roy|first2=Swarnendu|date=2018-05-01|title=Exploration of the diversity and associated health benefits of traditional pickles from the Himalayan and adjacent hilly regions of Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology|language=en|volume=55|issue=5|pages=1599–1613|doi=10.1007/s13197-018-3080-7|issn=0975-8402|pmc=5897286|pmid=29666512}}</ref>दक्षिण एसियाली समाजमा, अचार मौसमी रूपमा घरमै तयार गरिने आवश्यक खाद्यवस्तुबाट व्यापक रूपमा उपलब्ध व्यावसायिक उत्पादनमा परिवर्तन भएको छ। धेरै परिवारहरूले अझै पनि तेल, नुन र मसलाको प्रयोग गरी अचार बनाउने परम्परा कायम राखेका छन्, तर सहरीकरण र बदलिँदो जीवनशैलीले बजारमा पाइने अचारका प्रकारहरूको बढ्दो लोकप्रियतामा योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=A historical dictionary of Indian food |publisher=Delhi ; New York : Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-564254-4 |url=http://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000acha|date=1998|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> ठूलो मात्रामा उत्पादन र वितरणको विस्तारसँगै दक्षिण एसियाली अचारहरू विश्वव्यापी बजारमा उपलब्ध हुन थालेका छन्, जसमा विशेष गरी [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य|बेलायत]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] र [[मध्य पूर्व|मध्यपूर्व]]जस्ता क्षेत्रहरूमा रहेका प्रवासी समुदायहरूको महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहेको छ। यो विस्तारले खाद्य आदानप्रदानका धेरै ठूला ऐतिहासिक ढाँचाहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्छ, जस्तै दक्षिण एसियाली अचार बनाउने अभ्यासहरू परम्परागत क्षेत्रभन्दा बाहिर पनि अनुकूलन र पुनर्व्याख्याको प्रक्रियाबाट गुज्रिएका छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Paralkar|first=Anil|date=April 2020|title=Trade, Exoticism and the English Appropriation of South Asian Pickles, c. 1600–1750|url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/cult.2020.0211|journal=Cultural History|volume=9|issue=1|pages=106–122|doi=10.3366/cult.2020.0211|issn=2045-290X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> यसै समयमा, अचार स्थानीय ज्ञान र पाक परम्पराहरूमा गहिरोसँग जोडिएको छ, जहाँ यसको तयारीका प्रविधि र सामग्रीहरूले अझै पनि क्षेत्रीय वातावरण र सांस्कृतिक अभ्यासहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्छन्। अचार अहिले व्यापक रूपमा उपलब्ध भए पनि, प्रमाणहरूले देखाउँछन् कि व्यक्तिगत रूपमा अपनाइने परम्परागत किण्वन विधिहरूले अद्वितीय र फरक स्वादहरू प्रदान गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flachs|first1=Andrew|last2=Orkin|first2=Joseph D.|date=2021-06-09|title=On pickles: biological and sociocultural links between fermented foods and the human gut microbiome|journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|page=39|doi=10.1186/s13002-021-00458-9|doi-access=free |issn=1746-4269|pmc=8188661|pmid=34107988}}</ref> यसको परम्परागत प्रयोगका अतिरिक्त, अचारलाई बढ्दो रूपमा समकालीन र फ्युजन परिकारहरूमा पनि समावेश गर्न थालिएको छ। भान्सेहरू र खाद्य उद्यमीहरूले दक्षिण एसियाली अचारलाई विश्वव्यापी खाद्य प्रवृत्तिसँग मिसाउँदै, यसको अद्वितीय स्वादलाई गैरपरम्परागत स्वरूपहरूमा समावेश गर्न थालेका छन्। यस प्रकारको विकासले अचार सांस्कृतिक रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण परिकारका साथै आधुनिक खानामा रुचिकर तत्वका रूपमा निरन्तर प्रासंगिक रहेको देखाउँछ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahni|first=Julie|url=http://archive.org/details/classicindiancoo00sahn|title=Classic Indian cooking|date=1980|publisher=New York : Morrow|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-688-03721-5}}</ref> ==व्यावसायीकरण== परम्परागत रूपमा दक्षिण एसियाली अचारहरू घरमै भाँडामा राखेर किण्वन गरिन्थे, तर अहिले परिवारहरूले प्रायः पसलबाटै अचारका भाँडाहरू किन्न थालेका छन्। यो परिवर्तन सुविधा मात्र नभई सुरक्षाका कारण पनि भएको हो, किनकि किण्वन प्रक्रिया सही तरिकाले नगरिएमा जोखिमपूर्ण हुन सक्छ। कारखानामा हुने उत्पादनले अचारको सुरक्षित र एकरूप उत्पादन सुनिश्चित गर्छ, किनकि यसले खाद्यसम्बन्धी नियमहरू पालना गर्नुपर्छ र कारखाना अनुगमनअन्तर्गत हुन्छ। अचारहरू सामान्यतया सिसाका भाँडामा बन्द गरिएका हुन्छन् र भाँडाबाट सिधै खानका लागि तयार हुन्छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Snyder |first=Abigail |last2=Fred Breidt |first2=Jr |last3=Andress |first3=Elizabeth L. |last4=Ingham |first4=Barbara H. |date=2020-07-01 |title=Manufacture of Traditionally Fermented Vegetable Products: Best Practice for Small Businesses and Retail Food Establishments |url=https://www.foodprotection.org/publications/food-protection-trends/archive/2020-07-manufacture-of-traditionally-fermented-vegetable-products-best-practice-for-small-businesses/ |journal=Food Protection Trends |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=251–263}}</ref> धेरै कम्पनीहरूले घरेलु तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय बजारका लागि प्याकेज गरिएका दक्षिण एसियाली अचार उत्पादन गर्छन्। सन् २००१ मा स्थापना भएको मदर्स रेसिपी भारतीय निर्माता कम्पनी हो, जुन देसाई फुड्सको स्वामित्वमा रहेको छ। यसले अन्य उत्पादनहरूसँगै ३६ प्रकारका अचार उत्पादन गर्छ र आफ्ना उत्पादनहरू अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा वितरण गर्छ। कम्पनीले आफ्ना सबै उत्पादनहरू भारतमै निर्माण गर्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mothers Recipe |url=https://www.mothersrecipe.com/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Mothers Recipe |language=en}}</ref> सन् १९८१ मा सिकन्दर सुल्तानद्वारा स्थापना गरिएको र अझै पनि पारिवारिक स्वामित्वमा रहेको पाकिस्तानी कम्पनी शान फुड्सले अन्य उत्पादनहरूसँगै प्याकेज गरिएका ६ प्रकारका अचार उत्पादन गर्छ र तिनलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा निर्यात गर्छ। शान फुड्सका उत्पादनहरू हलाल प्रमाणित छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shan Foods |url=https://www.shanfoods.com}}</ref> ==सामग्री== भारतमा अचारका दुई मुख्य प्रकार छन्: तिल वा रायोको तेल प्रयोग गरी बनाइने अचार र तेलबिना बनाइने अचार। तेलबिना बनाइने अचारमा हरियो आँप वा कागतीबाट चिस्यान निकाल्न नुन प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसले नुनिलो घोल (ब्राइन) बनाउँछ। कागती वा निम्बूको रसलाई नुन वा परम्परागत ''गन्ने का सिरका'' ([[उखु]]को सिरका) सँग मिसाएर पनि ब्राइनका रूपमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।<ref name="Madani1993"/> [[गुजरात]]का केही अचारहरूमा मुख्य संरक्षणकारी पदार्थका रूपमा सख्खर प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="Roy 2024">{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Nibedita |title=8 types of traditional Pickles from different parts of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/8-types-of-traditional-pickles-from-different-parts-of-india/articleshow/108161679.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 March 2024}}</ref> घरमै बनाइने अचारहरू गर्मी मौसममा तयार गरिन्छन्। तिनलाई दुई हप्तासम्म घाममा राखेर परिपक्व बनाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/hotsunpickling.htm |title=Pickling in the hot sun |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217210959/http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/hotsunpickling.htm |archive-date=17 February 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217210959/http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/hotsunpickling.htm |date=17 February 2014 }}</ref> अचार परम्परागत रूपमा परिपक्व हुँदै गर्दा यसलाई मलमलको कपडाले छोपेर राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sailusfood.com/2015/05/08/mango-pickle-recipe-avakai/ |title=Mango pickle recipe |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905233312/http://www.sailusfood.com/2015/05/08/mango-pickle-recipe-avakai/ |url-status=live}}</ref> खुर्सानी दक्षिण एसियाली अचारहरूको एक विशिष्ट सामग्री हो।<ref name="Andrews2005">{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Jean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_fUh4YXWPikC&pg=PA26 |title=The Peppers Cookbook: 200 Recipes from the Pepper Lady's Kitchen |publisher=[[University of North Texas Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57441-193-5 |pages=26– |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225005/https://books.google.com/books?id=_fUh4YXWPikC&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=190 heights=140> File:Indian-pickle.jpg|कमलको जरा, कागती, गाजर, हरियो आँप र हरियो खुर्सानीसहितको भारतीय मिश्रित अचार File:Achar Gosht.JPG|''अचार गोश्त'', अचारको स्वादबाट तयार गरिएको मासुको करी File:Preparation of red chilli Indian pickle (2).jpg|रातो खुर्सानीको भारतीय अचार तयार गर्दै </gallery> ==रासायनिक संरचना== दक्षिण एसियाली अचारहरूको रासायनिक संरचना विभिन्न प्रकारहरूअनुसार फरक–फरक हुन्छ। दक्षिण एसियाली अचारहरूको रासायनिक गुणधर्म मुख्य रूपमा जैविक अम्ल, [[सोडियम क्लोराइड]] र मसला तथा तरकारीबाट प्राप्त हुने फेनोलिक यौगिकहरूको उच्च एकाग्रताले निर्धारण गर्छ। सबैभन्दा सामान्य जैविक अम्लहरूमध्ये ल्याक्टिक अम्ल प्रमुख हो, जुन प्रायः किण्वन प्रक्रियाबाट उत्पादन हुन्छ। यी जैविक अम्लहरूले अचारको pH स्तर घटाउँछन्, जुन सूक्ष्मजीवबाट हुने बिग्रिने प्रक्रियालाई रोक्ने मुख्य संयन्त्र हो।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Behera |first1=Sudhanshu S. |last2=El Sheikha |first2=Aly Farag |last3=Hammami |first3=Riadh |last4=Kumar |first4=Awanish |date=2020-07-01 |title=Traditionally fermented pickles: How the microbial diversity associated with their nutritional and health benefits? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646462030195X |journal=Journal of Functional Foods |volume=70 |article-number=103971 |doi=10.1016/j.jff.2020.103971 |issn=1756-4646|doi-access=free }}</ref> ल्याक्टिक अम्ल ब्याक्टेरियाले यस किण्वन प्रक्रियामा केन्द्रीय भूमिका खेल्छन्। यी सूक्ष्मजीवहरूले तरकारी र फलफूलमा रहेको चिनीलाई ल्याक्टिक अम्लमा रूपान्तरण गर्छन्, जसले खाद्यवस्तुको संरक्षण गर्ने अम्लीकरण प्रक्रियालाई अघि बढाउँछ। किण्वनको क्रममा उपस्थित ल्याक्टिक अम्ल ब्याक्टेरियाका विशेष प्रजातिहरू क्षेत्र र तयारी विधिअनुसार फरक–फरक हुन्छन्। यो सूक्ष्मजीवी विविधता विभिन्न प्रकारका अचारहरूको विशिष्ट स्वाद र स्वास्थ्यसम्बन्धी गुणहरूसँग प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा सम्बन्धित छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Banik |first1=Avijit |last2=Anjum |first2=Hasnain |last3=Habib |first3=Humayra |last4=Abony |first4=Maruf |last5=Begum |first5=Anowara |last6=Ahmed |first6=Zakaria |date=2023-06-01 |title=Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from street pickles of Dhaka, Bangladesh |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=6 |article-number=e17508 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17508 |doi-access=free |pmid=37416662 |pmc=10320110 |bibcode=2023Heliy...917508B |issn=2405-8440}}</ref> रायोका दाना, [[बेसार]], खुर्सानीको धुलो, [[मेथी]] र [[हिङ]]जस्ता मसलाहरूले दक्षिण एसियाली अचारको किण्वन प्रक्रियामा उल्लेखनीय मात्रामा फेनोलिक यौगिकहरू प्रदान गर्छन्। यी यौगिकहरूले स्वाद प्रदान गर्ने तत्व र प्राकृतिक सूक्ष्मजीवरोधी पदार्थ दुवैका रूपमा काम गर्छन्। बेसारबाट प्राप्त कर्क्युमिन र खुर्सानीबाट प्राप्त क्याप्साइसिनजस्ता फेनोलिक यौगिकहरूमा प्रतिअक्सिडेन्ट र सूक्ष्मजीवरोधी गुणहरू हुने देखाइएको छ, जसले अम्लीय संरक्षण वातावरणलाई थप सहयोग गर्छन्।<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Rakhi |last2=Roy |first2=Swarnendu |date=May 2018 |title=Exploration of the diversity and associated health benefits of traditional pickles from the Himalayan and adjacent hilly regions of Indian subcontinent |journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=1599–1613 |doi=10.1007/s13197-018-3080-7 |issn=0022-1155 |pmc=5897286 |pmid=29666512}}</ref> उत्तर र पश्चिम भारतमा प्रचलित तेलमा आधारित अचारहरूको रासायनिक गुणधर्म केही फरक हुन्छ, किनकि तेलको माध्यमले वायुरहित (एनारोबिक) वातावरण सिर्जना गर्छ, जसले अक्सिजन आवश्यक पर्ने बिगार्ने ब्याक्टेरियालाई रोक्छ। यी तयारीहरूमा, रायोको तेल र तिलको तेलले क्रमशः ग्लुकोसिनोलेट र लिग्नानजस्ता यौगिकहरू पनि प्रदान गर्छन्, जसले अन्तिम उत्पादनको सूक्ष्मजीवरोधी र पोषणसम्बन्धी गुणहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याउँछन्।<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ==क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताहरू== ===बङ्गलादेश=== [[बङ्गाली संस्कृति]]मा, अचारलाई आचार ([[बङ्गाली भाषा|बङ्गाली]]: আচার) वा आसार ([[बङ्गाली भाषा|बङ्गाली]]: আসার) भनेर चिनिन्छ। यी [[बङ्गाली परिकार|बङ्गाली खाना]]को अभिन्न हिस्सा हुन् र भोजनमा स्वाद थप्छन्। यिनीहरू विभिन्न फलफूल, तरकारी तथा माछा वा मासुलाई समेत मसला, तेल र सिरका वा कागतीको रसको मिश्रणमा संरक्षण गरेर बनाइन्छन्। यस प्रक्रियामा छानिएको सामग्रीलाई रायोका दाना, मेथी, कालो जिरा र खुर्सानीको धुलोजस्ता मसलाहरूको मिश्रणसँग मोलिन्छ। त्यसपछि अचारहरूलाई वायुरोधी भाँडाहरूमा परिपक्व हुनका लागि राखिन्छ, जसले समयसँगै स्वादहरू विकसित हुन दिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.localguidesconnect.com/t5/General-Discussion/Bangladeshi-Pickles-Scene-in-Short/td-p/2021506 |title=Bangladeshi Pickles Scene (In Short) |date=18 October 2019 |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225014/https://www.localguidesconnect.com/t5/General-Discussion/Bangladeshi-Pickles-Scene-in-Short/td-p/2021506 |url-status=live}}</ref> बङ्गाली अचारहरूमा अमिलो, पिरो र कहिलेकाहीँ गुलियो स्वाद पाइन्छ। यी प्रायः भात, रोटी वा करीसँग सहायक परिकारका रूपमा खाइन्छन्। लोकप्रिय प्रकारहरूमा आँपको अचार, कागतीको अचार, मिश्रित तरकारीको अचार र माछाको अचार समावेश छन्। [[सिलेट]]को सातकुरा अचार र [[खुल्ना]]को चुई झाल अचार भारत र बङ्गलादेशबाहिर पनि परिचित छन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Food_Preservation |title=Food Preservation - Banglapedia |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902093011/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Food_Preservation |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=160 heights=160> File:আমের আঁচার.jpg|बङ्गाली आँपको अचार बनाउँदै File:গুড় আম.jpg|आँप र खजुरको गुडको अचार </gallery> ===भारत=== भारतमा पाइने धेरै क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताहरूमध्ये, [[कश्मीर]]मा कमलको डाँठको अचार बनाइन्छ; [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]]मा गोङ्गुराका पात प्रयोग गरिन्छ; दक्षिणी तटीय राज्य [[केरल]]मा लसुन र कडीपत्तासहित झिङ्गे माछाको अचार बनाइन्छ; [[असम]]मा बाँसका टुसालाई रायोका दाना र तेलसँग किण्वन गरिन्छ; [[महाराष्ट्र]]मा [[हिङ]], रायोका दाना र [[बेसार]] प्रयोग गरी सिङ्गो [[कागती (फल)|कागती]]को अचार बनाइन्छ; [[कर्नाटक]]मा सिङ्गो [[लसुन]]का केस्राहरू अचारको मुख्य सामग्रीका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ; र [[तमिलनाडु]]मा रायोका दाना, रातो खुर्सानी र कडीपत्तासँग [[गोलभेडा]]को अचार बनाइन्छ।<ref name="Roy 2024"/> [[हरियाणा]]को पानीपत सहरमा ''अचार'' व्यावसायिक रूपमा तयार गरिन्छ, विशेष गरी ''पचरङ्गा'' र ''सतरङ्गा'' अचार (शाब्दिक रूपमा "पाँच/सात रङ", जसमा त्यति नै संख्याका तरकारीहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ)। यी तरकारीहरू काँचो आँप, [[चना]], कमलको डाँठ, [[करौँदा]], [[हर्रो]] र कागतीजस्ता सामग्रीसँग रायोको तेल र साबुत मसलामा परिपक्व बनाइन्छन्। सन् २०१६ सम्ममा, पानीपतले प्रत्येक वर्ष ५० करोड रुपैयाँभन्दा बढी (सन् २०२३ को मूल्यअनुसार ७२ करोड रुपैयाँ वा ७५ लाख अमेरिकी डलर बराबर) को अचार उत्पादन गर्थ्यो, जुन स्थानीय बजारमा आपूर्ति गरिन्थ्यो र बेलायत, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका तथा मध्यपूर्वमा निर्यात गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="har13">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040327/windows/main1.htm |title=Our desi drive-ins |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301051639/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040327/windows/main1.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="har12">{{cite web |last1=Panipat |first1=Parveen Arora in |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/spice-of-life-surrender-to-panipat-pickle/181599.html |title=Spice of life: Surrender to Panipat pickle!, The Tribune, June 2016 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201536/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/spice-of-life-surrender-to-panipat-pickle/181599.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201536/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/spice-of-life-surrender-to-panipat-pickle/181599.html |date=6 April 2017 }}</ref><ref name="har11">{{Cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/tzzAGvlSXLjpgizg4qV62M/The-road-to-Kashmir.html |title=The road to Kashmir through Haryana |work=mint |date=4 September 2009 |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201509/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/tzzAGvlSXLjpgizg4qV62M/The-road-to-Kashmir.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=220 heights=150> File:Sweet pickle made out of mango, in West Bengal, India.jpg|मिठो र पिरो आँपको अचार File:Mangopickle.jpg|भारतीय पिरो आँपको अचार File:Various kinds of pickles for sale at a shop in Dakshineswar, Kolkata, India.jpg|कोलकातामा बिक्रीका लागि राखिएका अचार </gallery> ===म्यानमार (बर्मा)=== [[बर्मेली भाषा|बर्मेली]] भाषामा अचारलाई ''थानत'' ({{Langx|my|သနပ်}}) भनिन्छ। आँपको अचार ({{lang|my|သရက်သီးသနပ်}}) (''थायेत थि थानत'') सबैभन्दा प्रचलित प्रकार हो। यो अचार हरियो, पाकेको वा सुकाइएको आँपलाई सिरका, चिनी, नुन, खुर्सानीको धुलो, मसला, लसुन, ताजा खुर्सानी र रायोका दानामा संरक्षण गरेर बनाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=သရက်သီးသနပ် (Spicy Green Mango Pickle) |url=https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-spicy-green-mango-pickle/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |website=Food Magazine Myanmar |language=my |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222110257/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-spicy-green-mango-pickle/ |url-status=usurped }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222110257/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-spicy-green-mango-pickle/ |date=22 December 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=သရက်သီးသနပ် (အခြောက်) (Spicy Dry Mango Pickle) |url=https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9-spicy-dry-mango-pickle/ |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=Food Magazine Myanmar |language=my |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220161205/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9-spicy-dry-mango-pickle/ |url-status=usurped }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220161205/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9-spicy-dry-mango-pickle/ |date=2019-12-20 }}</ref> बर्मेली खानामा आँपको अचारलाई करी र [[बिरयानी]]सँग सहायक परिकारका रूपमा सामान्यतया प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2016 |title=အလှူ မင်္ဂလာဆောင်တို့ရဲ့ ဇာတ်လိုက်ကျော် ဒံပေါက်|url=https://myfoodmyanmar.com/biryani-recipe/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |website=MyFood Myanmar |language=my |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054657/https://myfoodmyanmar.com/biryani-recipe/ |url-status=live}}</ref> यो बर्मेली करी ''वेट थानत हिन'' ({{lang|my|ဝက်သနပ်ဟင်း}}) को मुख्य सामग्रीमध्ये एक हो, जसमा सुँगुरको पेटको मासु र अचार मिसाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=ဝက်သားဟင်း ၄ မျိုး |url=http://we.com.mm/detail/2631 |access-date=11 July 2019 |website=We Media |language=my |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054655/http://we.com.mm/detail/2631 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054655/http://we.com.mm/detail/2631 |date=11 July 2019 }}</ref> ===नेपाल=== नेपालमा, अचार सामान्यतया मुख्य खाना [[दालभात|दाल–भात–तरकारी]]का साथै [[मम:]]सँग खाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |last=Rai |first=Sikuma |title=The mother of all pickles |date=7 September 2018 |url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/the-mother-of-all-pickles/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041115/https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/the-mother-of-all-pickles/ |url-status=live}}</ref> नेपालमा धेरै ''अचार'' कारखानाहरू महिलाको स्वामित्वमा रहेका वा महिलाहरूद्वारा सञ्चालित छन्।<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepali pickle makers come into their own|url=https://kathmandupost.com/money/2015/03/14/nepali-pickle-makers-come-into-their-own |access-date=24 February 2022 |newspaper=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |language=English |archive-date=2022-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041115/https://kathmandupost.com/money/2015/03/14/nepali-pickle-makers-come-into-their-own |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Navaras: Pickles |url=http://ecs.com.np/features/navaras-pickles |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=ECS Nepal |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041118/http://ecs.com.np/features/navaras-pickles |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:Dalle Khursani And Fermented Bamboo Shoot Pickle.jpg|''[[डल्ले खुर्सानी]]'' (गोल खुर्सानी) र ''तामा'' (किण्वित बाँसको टुसाको अचार) बाट बनेको नेपाली अचार File:Mula Ko Aachar.jpg|मुलाको अचार File:Jhol_Momo.jpg|झोल म:म:का लागि प्रयोग गरिने अचारबाट बनेको झोल </gallery> ===पाकिस्तान=== आधुनिक पाकिस्तानको [[सिन्ध]] प्रान्त आफ्नो शिकरपुरी र हैदराबादी अचारका लागि परिचित छ। यी दुवै प्रकारका अचारहरू [[पाकिस्तान]]मा र विदेशमा पनि सामान्य रूपमा खाइन्छन्।<ref name="Daily Times 2017"/> शिकरपुरी अचारको उत्पत्ति मध्यकालीन भारतमा सन् १६०० को दशकतिर भएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="Daily Times 2017">{{cite news |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/114415/all-you-need-to-know-about-shikarpurs-pickle/ |title=All you need to know about Shikarpur's pickle |date=1 October 2017 |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |access-date=13 January 2018 |archive-date=14 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021004/https://dailytimes.com.pk/114415/all-you-need-to-know-about-shikarpurs-pickle/ |url-status=live}}</ref> सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय शिकरपुरी अचार गाजर, सलगम, प्याज, काउली, चना, लसुन, हरियो खुर्सानी, कागती र आँपबाट बनाइने मिश्रित अचार हो।<ref name="Daily Times 2017"/> अर्को प्रकारको अचार बोहोरी फलबाट बनाइन्छ।<ref name="Bachheti2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bachheti |first1=Archana |last2=Deepti |last3=Bachheti |first3=Rakesh Kumar |last4=Singh |first4=Anjita |last5=Zebeaman |first5=Meseret |last6=Hunde |first6=Yilma |last7=Husen |first7=Azamal |title=Bioactive constituents and health promoting compounds of underutilized fruits of the northern Himalayas of India: a review |journal=Food Production, Processing and Nutrition |date=2023 |volume=5 |issue=24 |article-number=24 |doi=10.1186/s43014-023-00140-5 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:Lasoora Pickle.JPG|''लसोरा अचार'', बोहोरीका फलहरूबाट बनाइएको </gallery> ===श्रीलङ्का=== श्रीलङ्कामा हरियो अदुवा, प्याज र खुर्सानीलाई नुन हालेर लसुन, रायोका दाना र सिरकाले स्वाद दिइन्छ। अन्य मसला र चिनी पनि थप्न सकिन्छ। यसका लागि तरकारी वा सिलोन ओलिभ (''वेरालु'') अथवा हग प्लम (''अम्बरल्ला'') जस्ता फलहरू प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।<ref name="Time Out 2018">{{cite web |title=In a pickle |url=https://www.timeout.com/sri-lanka/things-to-do/in-a-pickle |publisher=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=14 November 2025 |date=25 May 2018}}</ref> ===मध्यपूर्व=== * ''अम्बा'' आँपबाट बनाइने गुलियो अचार हो, जसलाई इराकी यहूदी व्यापारीहरूले [[बम्बई]]बाट [[बगदाद|बग्दाद]]मा ल्याएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Monterescu |first1=Daniel |last2=Hart |first2=Joel |title=The Mango Sauce Connecting Indians, Israelis and Palestinians – and Taking High-end Restaurants by Storm |url=https://www.haaretz.com/food/2018-06-01/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-delicious-sauce-connecting-indians-israelis-and-palestinians/0000017f-e8bb-dc91-a17f-fcbfbbbf0000 |access-date=28 April 2025 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=1 June 2018}}</ref> यसको स्वाद केही हदसम्म पिरो आँपको चट्नीसँग मिल्दोजुल्दो हुन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |last=Hazout |first=Tamar Lea |title=Amba, Pickled Mango Sauce |url=https://aish.com/amba-a-pickled-mango-sauce/ |website=aish.com |publisher=[[Aish HaTorah]] |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> यसको प्रयोग [[मध्य पूर्व|मध्यपूर्व]]भरि गरिन्छ<ref name="First">{{cite news |last=Miri |first=Adhid |title=First Tango with Mango: Iraqi Amba |url=https://www.chaldeannews.com/2023-content/2023/11/1/first-tango-with-mango-iraqi-amba |access-date=30 July 2025 |work=Chaldean News |date=1 November 2023}}</ref> ===अफ्रिका=== [[दक्षिण अफ्रिका]], [[बोत्स्वाना]] र [[केन्या]]मा भारतीय अचारलाई atchar भनिन्छ। यो मुख्यतः नपाकेका आँपबाट बनाइन्छ र कहिलेकाहीँ रोटीसँग पनि खाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Conservation-Graines-Semences-Vegetaux-Legumes-Refrigeration/Pickled%20Vegetables.pdf|title=Pickled Vegetables|website=Practical Action - The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221125911/https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Conservation-Graines-Semences-Vegetaux-Legumes-Refrigeration/Pickled%20Vegetables.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Pickled Vegetables |url=https://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/pickled-vegetables/ |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=Practical Action |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129182031/https://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/pickled-vegetables/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[मौरिसस]] र [[रियुनियन]]मा यसको स्थानीय रूपलाई फ्रान्सेलीमा ''अशार द लेग्युम'' (Achard de légumes) र मौरिसियन क्रियोलमा ''जासार लेगिम'' (Zasar legim) भनिन्छ। यो बन्दाकोबी, गाजर, हरियो सिमी, चायोट, पामको मुना र प्याजजस्ता तरकारीहरूको मिश्रणबाट तयार गरिन्छ। यसमा जिरा, बेसार, हरियो खुर्सानी, रातो खुर्सानी, अदुवा, लसुन, नुन र सिरका मिसाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Achard de légumes réunionnais |website=Cuisine AZ |date=26 July 2022 |url=https://www.cuisineaz.com/recettes/achard-de-legumes-reunionnais-112997.aspx |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:बङ्गाली परिकारहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली खाना]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय खाना]] p1osvjltayga1er3it5dqf3lt2ic50a 0 13449 1367975 1316838 2026-07-30T14:46:02Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सूचना प्रविधि''' भन्नाले [[ध्वनि]], तस्वीर, [[अक्षर]] तथा अङ्कको रूपमा सूचनाहरूलाई विद्युतीय यन्त्रहरू, [[कम्प्युटर]] तथा दूरसञ्चार प्रविधिको प्रयोग गरी भण्डारण, सम्पादन, सम्प्रेषण, सङ्ग्रह र प्रवाहलाई चिनिन्छ।<ref name="DOP">{{citation |contribution=IT |title=A Dictionary of Physics |editor-last=Daintith |editor-first=John |publisher=अक्सफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालयको छापा |year=सन् २००९ |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t83.e1592 |access-date=1 August 2012|isbn=9780199233991}}</ref> सूचना प्रविधि [[कम्प्युटर विज्ञान]]को एक शाखा हो, जसलाई प्रक्रिया, संरचना र विभिन्न प्रकारका डेटाको प्रशोधनको समग्र अध्ययनको रूपमा परिभाषित गर्न सकिन्छ।<ref>Henderson, H. (2017). computer science. In H. Henderson, ''Facts on File science library: Encyclopedia of computer science and technology''. (3rd ed.).</ref> यसले माानिसको जीवनमा ठूलो भूमिका निर्वाह गरेको हुन्छ। विश्वव्यापी रूपमा सूचना प्रविधि संसारका धेरै देशहरुको आर्थिक विकासको एक प्रमुख तत्व मानिन्छ। धेरै नवीनताहरू संसारमा आएका छन् तर सबैभन्दा उल्लेखनीय सूचना प्रविधि हो। सूचना प्रविधि जुन दैनिक भाषामा कम्प्युटर सञ्चार प्रविधिसँग पर्यायवाची छ त्यसलाई त्यो प्रविधिको रुपमा परिभाषित गर्न सकिन्छ जसले सूचना चक्रलाई सजिलो बनाउँदछ। सूचना प्रविधिले स्वयं सेवा सुविधाहरू प्रदान गरेको छ जहाँबाट ग्राहकहरू सजिलैसँग उनीहरूको कागजातहरू सिधै अनलाइनबाटै पूरा गर्न सक्दछन्। सूचना प्रविधिले मानव जीवनको सबै क्षेत्रमा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ तर सामाजिक प्रगति र प्रविधिमा जोडदार विकासको कारणले मानव जीवनको हरेक पक्षमा सूचनाको भूमिकालाई अत्यन्तै बढाएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|author=रञ्जनहरि कोइराला|title=सूचना प्रविधिमा फड्को|url=https://annapurnapost.com/news/70081-70081|language=नेपाली |work=|website=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|date=|accessdate=२१ असोज २०७९}}</ref> रोजगारमा यसले कम्प्युटरमा आधारित सूचना प्रणालीको अध्ययन, डिजाइन, विकास, अनुप्रयोग, कार्यान्वयन, समर्थन वा व्यवस्थापनमा मद्दत गर्दछ। सूचना प्रविधिहरूको सहयोगले [[इमेल]]हरू, आवाज र भिडियो कलहरू छिटो, सस्तो र अधिक कुशल भएको छ। विभिन्न देशहरूबाट खरीद सजिलो र अधिक सुविधाजनक बनाउँदै, कुनै पनि समय, जहाँसुकै व्यापार सुरु गर्न सकिन्छ तर प्रविधिमा सुधार भएपछि मानव कर्मचारीहरूद्वारा गरिएको कामहरू अब कम्प्युटर प्रणालीहरूद्वारा गरिन्छ जसले गर्दा देशमा रोजगारी कम हुन् सक्छ। नेपालको सन्दर्भमा सूचना प्रविधिलाई व्यवस्थित र नियमित गर्नका लागि विद्युतीय कारोबार व्यवस्थित गर्ने ऐन, २०६१, प्रतिलिपी अधिकार ऐन, राष्ट्रिय सञ्चार नीति, दूरसञ्चार नीति, ब्रोड ब्यान्ड नीति, डिजिटल हस्ताक्षर सुरक्षित गर्ने कार्यविधिलगायतका नीतिगत व्यवस्थाहरू गरिएका छन्।<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=सूचना प्रविधि विकास र सुशासन|url=https://www.aarthikdainik.com/view/7224/|language=नेपाली|work=|website=आर्थिक दैनिक|date=|accessdate=२१ असोज २०७९}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017150743/https://www.aarthikdainik.com/view/7224/ |date=2022-10-17 }}</ref> == नेपाली सन्दर्भ == नेपालको इतिहासमा पहिलो पटक केन्द्रीय तथ्याङ्क विभागले २०२८ सालको जनगणनाको नतिजा प्रकाशन गर्न आइबिएम १४०४ मेसिन प्रयोग गर्‍यो। यही मेसिनलाई नेपालमा भित्रिएको पहिलो कम्प्युटर मानिन्छ। त्यसै वर्ष, अर्थात् २०२८ सालमै, राष्ट्रिय कम्प्युटर केन्द्र स्थापना भई सो केन्द्रले आइसिएल २९५०/१० नामक चौथो पुस्ताको कम्प्युटर प्रयोगमा ल्याएपछि मुलुकका सरकारी तथा सार्वजनिक संस्थानहरूले सूचना प्रविधिको औपचारिक प्रयोग गर्न थाल्यो। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *{{Wikiversity-inline}} *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{Wikiquote-inline}} [[श्रेणी:सूचना प्रविधि| ]] i87qn6yav5jdct5b1xx8maktyrr9y0j 0 23298 1368040 1358098 2026-07-31T06:39:11Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beautiful kamalpokhari.jpg|thumb|300px|कमल पोखरीको दृष्य]] '''कमल पोखरी''' ({{lang-new|थँ वहिल}}) [[काठमाडौँ]]को केन्द्रमा रहेको एक प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक महत्त्व बोकेको [[पोखरी]] हो।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kharibot.com/news-details/25245/2018-12-04 |title=कमल पोखरी निर्माणको ढाँचा तयार, ०७६ सालको छठसम्ममा निर्माण सम्पन्न हुने |website=खरिबोट |accessdate=2020-08-31}}</ref> वि.सं. २०३३ सालकै अभिलेख अनुसार त्यतिवेला पोखरीको क्षेत्रफल ३० रोपनी ५ आना ३ पैसा १ दाम थियो। नापी विभागमा दर्ता हुनु अगावै वि.सं. २०३३ सालमा कमल पोखरी क्षेत्रफल ४६ रोपनी रहेको थियो तर हाल २३ रोपनी १४ आनामा खुम्चिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thahakhabar.com/news/56134 |title=कमल पोखरी निर्माणको ढाँचा तयार, आगामी छठसम्म सम्पन्न गरिने |website=थाहा खबर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/18881/2019-07-04 |title=एक वर्ष भित्र कमल पोखरी पुनर्निर्माण सम्पन्न गर्ने लक्ष्य |website=नयाँ पत्रिका |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-08-31 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> बि.स २००० लाग्नु भन्दा अगाडिको अवधीमा यस्ता सार्वजनिक जग्गा प्राय मन्दिरको नाममा हुन्थय।कति राणहरु भोगचलन गर्दथे।ऐतिहासिक तथ्यलाई हेर्दा यो जग्गा पनि १९७७ सालमा श्री ३ चन्द्र शमेशेर राणाका छोरा  केशर शमेशेरले  बलजफती आफनो कम्पाउन्डमा भित्र पारेको देखिन्छ ।तर पूजापाठमा समस्या भएको भन्दै स्थानीयको बिराध पछि १९७८ देखि यो जग्गा प्रयोग गरे बापत बार्षिक १२५ रुपिया दिने भए ।राणा बिरुद्ध लडने अवस्था नभएकाले जात्रा पर्वका फूल सम्म टिप्न पाउने गरि जग्गाको मोही केशर शमशेर नै कायम भए।तर भमि सम्बिन्ध ऐन २०२१ लागु भएपछि यो जग्गाहरु गुठीको नाममा आयो।तर मोही केशर शमशेरको परिवार कायम थियो ।केशर शमशेरको मृत्यु पश्यात छोरा कयूशमेशरले जग्गा आफनो नाममा बनाउन कित्तकाट गरे।२०३३ सालमा २६ रोपनी ५ आनामा फैलिएको पोखरी किता नम्बर १६७ मा मात्र पारि १२ रोपनी १३ आना २ पैसा २ दाम सिमित गरियो।सोही किताको पोखरीमा अहिले छायाँ सेन्टर ठडिएको छ । छायाँ सेन्टरको बनेको पोखरी हो भने यो प्रमाण हेनुहोस।नापीको आधारमा बनाएको फिल बुकमा यो किता  पोखरी बनाइ सार्वजनिक गरिएको छ ।२०३३ सालमा सर्वेच्चले गरेको फैसालमा समेत यो जग्गा कमल पोखरी र बिकमशिल महाविहार अन्तर्गत सिहंसार्थ महागुठीको नाममा रहेको मिलापत्र छ ।यतिबेला सम्म पनि गुठी संस्थानजको जग्गा भएपनि मोही चाहि कयूशमेशर नै थिए ।२०३९ सालमा उनले हतार हतार १६७ नम्बर कितालाई तिन भाग लगाए ।त्यसमध्या १६१८ किता नम्बर आफ नै नाममा कायम गरे ।२०३३ सालमा नै गुठी ऐनले मोहीको हक समाप्त पारिसकेको थियो ।यद्यपी  सता र शक्तिको आडमा उनले मोही नलाग्ने पोखरीमा दर्तावाल मोही कायम गराएका थिए।असली खेल कयूको मृत्युपछि चल्यो। उनको मृत्युपछि  श्रीमती अम्बिका राणले कमल पोखरीलाई  पोखरी भनि आफनो नाम जग्गा ल्यानी प्रपन्च सुरु गरिन।२०४४ सालमा गुठी संस्थानमा पधाधिकारी र केही ब्यक्तिलाइ प्रभावमा पारि यो जग्गा  अम्बिका राणा र उनका दाजु शंकर प्रसाद शाहको नाममा नाटकिय रुपमा नामसरी भयो ।तर २०६४ सालमा आएर यो जग्गा अर्को ब्यक्तिलाई दिए। त्यो अरु कसैलाई नभएर आफनै नातेदार हिमालय शमशेर राणाकी छोरी तथा पृथ्वीबहादुर पाण्डेकी श्रीमती प्रतिमा राणा पाण्डेको नाममा जग्गा आईपुग्यो।तर २०६५ सालमा प्रतिमाले पोखरीको जग्गा आफनै श्रीमान अध्यक्ष रहेको छायाँ देबी कम्प्लेक्सका नाममा नामसरी गरिदिन ।जहाँ पृथ्वीबहादुर पाण्डेले आफनी आमा छायाँ देबीको फोटो भित्तामा टासेर २०७१ सालमा छाया सेन्टर बनाए।परात्व सम्पादलाई मासेर आहिले ब्यापार चलिरहेको छ ।उति बेला राणाले गरेको जालझेल अहिले पाण्डे समूले गरिरहेको छ।छाँय सेन्टर बन्नुअगाडि नै २०६९ सालमा गुठी सम्बध ब्यक्तिहरुले यसका बिरुद्ध मुद्धा हालेका छन ।अहिले सम्म छायाँ सन्टर बिरुद्ध १७ वटा मुद्धा सर्वेच्च अदालतमा बिचारधीन छन ।तर मुद्धा बिचारधीन रहेकै बेला सता र शक्तिको आडमा भवन सम्पन गरि पाण्डेले सार्वजनिक स्थलमा नै १५ तले भवन खडा गरेका मात्र छैनन बागमती सभव्यताको चिरहरण गरेका छन।तर पनि राज्यका निकायहरु मौन छन।पाण्डेले बलियो साथ नेपाली काग्रेसको नेता रामशरण महतबाट पाएका थिए । महत अर्थमन्त्री भएका बेला राज्यको निकायलाई चुनौती दिने गरि ठडिएको थियो।सरकारी,सार्वजनिक जग्गा ,गुठीको जग्गा संरक्षण सम्बिन्ध बनेको जाचबुझ आयोगले निषकश निकालेको थियो।किनकि यहाँ महतका छोरा  तथा पृथ्वीबहादुर पाण्डेका दाईका  ज्वाई अमेरिक नागरिक रक्षक महतको नाममा ५० लाख र रामशरण महतकी बुहारी पारुल पाण्डेको नाममा समेत ८ लाख ५७ हजार बराबरको सरुवाती सेयर लगानी पाईएको छ।छायाँ सेन्टरको ४३ जना लगानी कर्ता मध्य पुच्छारमा हेनुहोस त रक्षक र पारुलको नाममा समते सेयर रहेको देखिन्छ।यसको मतलब महतले समेत सेयर लिएर पाण्डेलाइ सघाएको बुझिन्छ।उनलाई समेत कानुनी दायरामा ल्याएर छानबीन गर्न आबश्यक देखिन्छ ।यसबाहेक महेश्वरप्रकाश श्रेष्ठको ४ करोड ७३ लाख र उनको कम्पनी हिमालयन इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चरमार्फत ३ करोड ४८ लाख,सुमनविक्रम पाण्डे, दीपक शेरचन र किरणमान शेरचन करिब साढे पाँच करोड, मिजास भट्टचनको ३ करोड ५४ लाख, मनोहरप्रसाद शेरचनको १ करोड ६० लाख, प्रजन्य राजभण्डारी र उनका छोराहरूको पनि यसमा लागानी रहेको बताइन्छ ।यति हुदाँ हुदै पनि पाण्डेले आईपीओ ल्याने समेत तयारी गरेका थिए।छायाँदेवी कम्प्लेक्स अर्थात छायाँ सेन्टरले नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड (सेबोन) मा १४ लाख ३७ हजार ५ सय कित्ता साधारण सेयर निष्कासनका लागि आवेदन दिएको थियो । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[रानी पोखरी]] * [[नाग पोखरी]] {{coord|27.7111287|85.3244457|region:NP|display=title}} {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका पोखरीहरू]] rajswbkli9fauldz90hf2477pqip6zp 10 30239 1367978 1041853 2026-07-30T15:40:00Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]]मा ठिक गर्दै; कस्मेटिक परिवर्तनहरू 1367978 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:country data redirects|NPL]] 8vmu16wras1z1dwmjwqu5u831gt56es 10 30240 1367979 112882 2026-07-30T15:40:05Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]]मा ठिक गर्दै; कस्मेटिक परिवर्तनहरू 1367979 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:country data redirects|NEP]] dtdb95oyr6ufcqjs2zmiai9afp87n1u 10 30242 1367980 112884 2026-07-30T15:40:10Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]]मा ठिक गर्दै; कस्मेटिक परिवर्तनहरू 1367980 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:country data redirects|NEP]] dtdb95oyr6ufcqjs2zmiai9afp87n1u 0 32394 1367983 1102358 2026-07-30T16:05:22Z ~2026-42168-83 80046 1367983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = ब्राजिल | Badge = | Badge_size = १४०px | FIFA Trigramme = BRA | Nickname = (हरियो र पहेंलो)'' | Association = [[ब्राजिल फुटबल महासङ्घ]] | Confederation = [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]] | Coach = | Asst Manager = | Captain = | Most caps = [[काफु]] (१४२)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/cafu-intl.html|title=Marcos Evangelista de Morais "CAFU" – Century of International Appearances|publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]]|date=2006-07-23|accessdate=2009-01-23}}</ref><ref name="apppearancesandgoals"/> | Top scorer = [[पेले]] (७७)<ref name="apppearancesandgoals">{{cite web|title=Brazil – Record International Players|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/braz-recintlp.html|accessdate=2009-05-10|date=2008-11-07|publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]]}}</ref> | FIFA Rank = {{Nft rank|३|steady||date=२० सेप्टेम्बर २०१८}} | FIFA max = १ | FIFA max year = १५९ पटक<ref>23 September 1993 until 19 November 1993, 19 April 1994 until 14 June 1994, 21 July 1994 until 16 May 2001, 3 July 2002 until 14 February 2007, 18 July 2007 until 19 September 2007, 1 July 2009 until 20 November 2009, 28 April 2010 until 14 July 2010, 6 April 2017</ref> | FIFA min = २२ | FIFA min date = जून २०१३ | Elo Rank = {{Nft rank|२|down|१|date=१६ जुलाई २०१८}}<!-- Elo rankings change often and irregularly; there are no "releases" from which a team can go up or down in ranking --> | Elo max = १ | Elo max year = ८,६४०<ref>1958–63, 1965–66, 1970–74, 1978–79, 1981–83, 1986–87, 1990, 1992, 1994–00, 2002–10, 2016–2017</ref> | Elo min = २० | Elo min date = ७ नोभेम्बर २००१ | Home Stadium = विभिन्न | pattern_la1 = _bra20H | pattern_b1 = _bra20H | pattern_ra1 = _bra20H | pattern_sh1 = _bra20h | pattern_so1 = _bra20h | leftarm1 = FFCC00 | body1 = FFCC00 | rightarm1 = FFCC00 | shorts1 = 0000FF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _bra20A | pattern_b2 = _bra20A | pattern_ra2 = _bra20A | pattern_sh2 = _bra19aw | pattern_so2 = _nikeyellow | leftarm2 = 003CFF | body2 = 003CFF | rightarm2 = 003CFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = 003CFF | First game = {{fb|Argentina|alt}} ३–० ब्राजिल {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>([[बुएनेस एर्रेस]], [[अर्जेन्टिना]]; सेप्टेम्बर २०, १९१४)<ref name="fifawebsitebrazilargentina">{{cite web | title = Argentina versus Brazil | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfutbol/statisticsandrecords/headtohead/team1=ARG/team2=BRA/index.html| accessdate = 2009-01-05 | publisher=[[FIFA|FIFA.com]]</ref> | Largest win = {{flagicon|Brazil}} ब्राजिल १४–० {{fb-rt|Nicaragua}}<br>(मेक्सिको ; अक्टोबर १७,१९७५ )<ref name="enciclopediaseleo">{{cite book | first=Antônio Carlos | last1=Napoleão |first2=Roberto |last2=Assaf | title = Seleção Brasileira 1914–2006 | publisher = Mauad X | location = São Paulo | year = 2006 | page = 72| id = ISBN 85-7478-186-X}}</ref> | | Largest loss = {{fb|Uruguay}} 6–0 ब्राजिल {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>( भीना मर, चिली) <br> सेप्टेम्बर १८,१९२०)<br>{{fb|Germany}} 7–1 ब्राजिल {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>(बेलो होरिजोन्टे, [[ब्राजिल]]; [[८ जुलाई]],२०१४) | World cup apps = १९ | World cup first = १९३० | World cup best = विजेता <br>१९५८,१९६२,१९७०,१९९४,२००१ | Regional name = [[कोपा अमेरिका]] | Regional cup apps = ३२ | Regional cup first = १९१६ | Regional cup best = विजेता, <br>१९१९,१९२२,१९४९,१९८९,१९९९,२००७ | Confederations cup apps = ६ | Confederations cup first = १९६७ | Confederations cup best =विजेता<br> १९९७,२००५,२००९,२०१३ }} '''ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टीम'''ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगिताहरूमा सहभागिता जनाउने गर्छ ।फिफा विश्वकपको सबैभन्दा सफल यस टिमले पाँच पटक विश्वकप र चार पटक कन्फेडेरेसन कप समेत जित्न सफल भएको छ। ==इतिहास== ==प्रतियोगिता विवरण== ===फिफा विश्वकप=== ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टीम लफिफा विश्वकपको सबैभन्दा सफल यस टिमले पाँच पटक विश्वकप जित्न सफल भएको छ।।जसले १९५८,१९६२,१९७०,१९९४,२००२ गरी पाँचपटक विश्वकप जितेको हो । ===फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप=== ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टीम लफिफा विश्वकपको सबैभन्दा सफल यस टिमले चार पटक कन्फेडेरेसन कप जित्न सफल भएको छ।जसले गरी १९९७,२००५,२००९,२०१३ चारपटक कन्फेडेरेसन कप जितेको हो । ===कोपा अमेरिका=== ===ओलम्पिक खेल=== [[File:Brasil conquista primeiro ouro olímpico nos penaltis 1039259-20082016- mg 4209.jpg|thumb|आफूले जितेको ओलम्पिक गोल्ड मेडलका साथमा ओलम्पिक गेम २०१६ का ब्राजिलियन फुटबल टिमका केही खेलाडीहरू]] ब्राजिलले पहिलोपटक २०१६ को ओलम्पिक खेलमा गोल्ड मेडल जिट्न सफल भएको थियो ।घरेलु समर्थ र मैदानको फाइदा उठाउदै चिर परिचित प्रतिद्वन्द्वी जर्मनीला टाइब्रेकरमा पाखा लगाइ जितेको थियो । यसोत २०१२ को लण्डन ओलम्पिकमा ब्राजिलले मेक्सिको सँग पराजित भई रजत पदकमा चित्त बुझाउन परेको थियो । ==कीट विवरण== '''Home''' {| | {{Football kit| align = left| pattern_la = _blue_hoops| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra = _black_hoops| leftarm = blue hoops| pattern_so = _2_stripes_white| body = FFFFFF| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1914–1917 }} | {{Football kit| align = left| pattern_la = _green_stripes| pattern_b = _greenstripes| pattern_ra = _green_stripes| pattern_so = _yellow| leftarm = FFDF00| body = FFDF00| rightarm = FFDF00| socks = 228B22| title = 1917 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =| leftarm = ffffff| pattern_so = _2_stripes_white| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1917 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =| leftarm = FF0000| body = FF0000| rightarm = FF0000| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1917 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la = _yellow_hoops| pattern_b = _greenhorizontal| pattern_ra = _yellow_hoops| pattern_so = _2_stripes_white| leftarm = ffffff| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1918–1919 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la = _blueborder| pattern_b = _bluecollar_2| pattern_ra = _blueborder| pattern_so = _brasil1930| leftarm = ffffff| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = 0000ff| socks = 000000| title = 1919–1938 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =_blueborder| pattern_b =_bluecollar_2| pattern_ra =_blueborder| pattern_so = _3_stripes_blue| leftarm = ffffff| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = ffffff| title = 1945–1949 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _greenborder| pattern_b = _greencollar| pattern_ra = _greenborder| pattern_sh = _white_stripes| pattern_so = _brasil1954| leftarm = FDE910| body = FDE910| rightarm = FDE910| shorts = 0047AB| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1954–1974 }} |} {| | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _ adidasbrasil2| pattern_b = _ adidasbrasil| pattern_ra = _ adidasbrasil1| pattern_sh = _adidaswhite| pattern_so = _brasil 1978| leftarm = FFFF00| body = FFFF00| rightarm = FFFF00| shorts = 0047AB| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1978 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =_greenborder| pattern_b =_collargreen| pattern_ra =_greenborder| pattern_sh=_white_border| pattern_so=_brasil1954| leftarm = FFcc00| body = FFcc00| rightarm = FFcc00| shorts = 0000ff| socks = ffffff| title = 1986–1990 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la = _bra98| pattern_b = _brasil1998| pattern_ra = _bra98| pattern_sh = _yellow_stripes| pattern_so = _3_stripes_green| leftarm = FFFF00| body = FFFF00| rightarm = FFFF00| shorts = 228B22| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1988 Olympics }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_brazil1994| pattern_b =_brazil1994| pattern_ra =_brazil1994| pattern_sh =_white_stripes| |pattern_so =_bra94h leftarm = FFFF00| body = FFFF00| rightarm = FFFF00| shorts = 003399| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1994–1997 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_green_shoulders| pattern_b =_bra96h| pattern_ra =_green_shoulders| pattern_sh =_colchester0809h| pattern_so =| leftarm =FFDD00| body =FFDD00| rightarm =FFDD00| shorts =0000FF| socks =FFFFFF| title = 1997 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _bra98| pattern_b = _brasil1998| pattern_ra = _bra98| pattern_sh = _white_stripes| pattern_so = _brasil1998| leftarm = FFFF00 | body = FFFF00 | rightarm = FFFF00 | shorts = 0047AB | socks = FFFFFF | title = 1998–2001 }} | {{Football kit| | pattern_la = _brazilh0204 | pattern_b = _brazilh0204 | pattern_ra = _brazilh0204 | pattern_sh = _white_stripes | leftarm = FFCC00 | body = FFCC00 | rightarm = FFCC00 | shorts = 003399 | socks = FFFFFF | title = 2002–2004| }} | {{Football kit | pattern_b = _bra04h | pattern_ra = _bra04h | pattern_sh = _bra04h | pattern_so = _porto0809 | leftarm = FFDD00 | body = FFFFFF | rightarm = FFDD00 | shorts = 0000FF | socks = FFFFFF | title = 2004–2006 }} |} {| | {{Football kit | |pattern_la = _Brazil_home_2006 |pattern_b = _brah06 |pattern_ra = _Brazil_home_2006 |pattern_sh = _white stripes |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFDA00 |body = FFDA00 |rightarm = FFDA00 |shorts = 004FA3 |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2006–2007 }} | {{Football kit | | pattern_la = _goldgreenborder | pattern_b = _bra08h | pattern_ra = _goldgreenborder | leftarm = FFD630 | body = FFD630 | rightarm = FFD630 | shorts = 2F5FD0 | socks = FFFFFF | title = 2007–2010 }} | {{Football kit |pattern_la = _bra10h |pattern_b = _bra10h |pattern_ra = _bra10h |pattern_sh = _bra10H |pattern_so = _bra10h |leftarm = FFDF00 |body = FFDF00 |rightarm = FFDF00 |shorts = 0000BF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2010–2011 }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la= |pattern_b=_bra11h |pattern_ra= |pattern_sh= |pattern_so= |leftarm=FFDD00 |body=FFDD00 |rightarm=FFDD00 |shorts=003399 |socks=FFFFFF |title=2011–2012 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra12h |pattern_b = _bra12h |pattern_ra = _bra12h |pattern_sh = _colchester0809h |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFDF00 |body = FFDF00 |rightarm = FFDF00 |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2012–2013 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra13h |pattern_b = _bra13h |pattern_ra = _bra13h |pattern_sh = _bra13h |pattern_so = _bra13h |leftarm = FFCC00 |body = FFCC00 |rightarm = FFCC00 |shorts = 0000BB |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2013–2014 }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la = _brazil1415h |pattern_b = _brazil1415h |pattern_ra = _brazil1415h |pattern_sh = _colchester0809h |pattern_so = |leftarm = |body = |rightarm = |shorts = 0000FF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2014–2016 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra16h |pattern_b = _bra16H |pattern_ra = _bra16h |pattern_sh = _white_stripes |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFCC00 |body = FFCC00 |rightarm = FFCC00 |shorts = 0000FF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2016–2026 }} |} '''Away''' {| | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =| p0attern_so = _2_stripes_white| leftarm = 0000ff| body = 0000ff| rightarm = 0000ff| shorts = 0000ff| socks = 000000| title = 1938–1948 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =_whiteborder| pattern_b =_whitecollar| pattern_ra =_whiteborder| pattern_sh=_white_border| pattern_so= _3_stripes_white| leftarm = 0000ff| body = 0000ff| rightarm = 0000ff| shorts = 0000ff| socks = 0000ff| title = 1949–1953 }} | {{Football kit| align = left| pattern_la =_blue_border| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =_blue_border| pattern_sh=_blue_border| pattern_so= blue| leftarm = 0000ff| body = 0000ff| rightarm = 0000ff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 0000ff| title = 1958 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_brazil1994away| pattern_b =_brazil1994away| pattern_ra =_brazil1994away| pattern_sh =_cruzeiro11h| pattern_so =_bra94a| leftarm =0033CC| body =0033CC| rightarm =0033CC| shorts =FFFFFF| socks =0000ff| title = 1994| }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_whiteshoulders| pattern_b =_bra96a| pattern_ra =_whiteshoulders| pattern_sh =_colchester0809t| pattern_so =| leftarm =0000FF| body =0000FF| rightarm =0000FF| shorts =FFFFFF| socks =0000FF| title = 1997| }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _bra02a | pattern_b = _bra02a | pattern_ra = _bra02a | pattern_sh = _blue_stripes | leftarm = 0000FF | body = 0000FF | rightarm = 0000FF | shorts = FFFFFF | socks = 0000FF | title = 2002–2004 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_b = _bra04a | pattern_ra = _bra04a | pattern_sh = _bra04a | pattern_so = _porto0809 | leftarm = 0000ff | body = FFFFFF | rightarm = FFDD00 | shorts = 0000FF | socks = 0000ff | title = 2004–2006 }} | {{Football kit | | pattern_la = _bra08a | pattern_b = _bra08a | pattern_ra = _bra08a | leftarm = 24249b | body = 24249b | rightarm = 24249b | shorts = FFFFFF | socks = 24249b | title = 2007–2010 }} |} {| | {{Football kit |pattern_la = _bra10a |pattern_b = _bra10a |pattern_ra = _bra10a |pattern_sh = _bra10a |pattern_so = _bra10a |leftarm = 0000FF |body = 0000FF |rightarm = 0000FF |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 0000BF |title = 2010–2011 }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la= |pattern_b=_bra11a |pattern_ra= |pattern_sh= |pattern_so= |leftarm=0060BF |body=0060BF |rightarm=0060BF |shorts=FFFFFF |socks=0060BF |title=2011–2012 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra12a |pattern_b = _bra12a |pattern_ra = _bra12a |pattern_sh = |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFDF00 |body = FFDF00 |rightarm = FFDF00 |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 0000bb |title = २०१२-१३ }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra13a |pattern_b = _bra13a |pattern_ra = _bra13a |pattern_sh = _bra13a |pattern_so = _bra13a |leftarm = FFCC00 |body = FFCC00 |rightarm = FFCC00 |shorts = 0000BB |socks = 0000BB |title = २०१३-१४ }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la = _brazil1415a |pattern_b = _brazil1415a |pattern_ra = _brazil1415a |pattern_sh = |pattern_so = |leftarm = |body = |rightarm = |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 0000FF |title = २०१४-१६ }} | {{Football kit| | pattern_la = _bra16a |pattern_b = _bra16A |pattern_ra = _bra16a |pattern_sh = _blue_stripes |pattern_so = _bra16a |leftarm = 1845BD |body = 1845BD |rightarm = 1845BD |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 1845BD |title = २०१६– }} |} ==मुख्य उपाधिहरू== ;[[फिफा विश्वकप]]: *विजेता(५): १९५८,१९६२,१९७०,१९९४,२००२ *उप-विजेता(२): १९५०,१९९८ ;[[फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप]]: *विजेता(४): १९९७,२००५,२००९,२०१३ *उप-विजेता(१): १९९९ ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अमेरिकी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप विजेता देशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप विजेता देशहरू]] 4agjzldgvpoj9m3ajko3m0cxf88me7z 1367984 1367983 2026-07-30T16:05:50Z ~2026-42168-83 80046 /* कीट विवरण */ 1367984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = ब्राजिल | Badge = | Badge_size = १४०px | FIFA Trigramme = BRA | Nickname = (हरियो र पहेंलो)'' | Association = [[ब्राजिल फुटबल महासङ्घ]] | Confederation = [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]] | Coach = | Asst Manager = | Captain = | Most caps = [[काफु]] (१४२)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/cafu-intl.html|title=Marcos Evangelista de Morais "CAFU" – Century of International Appearances|publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]]|date=2006-07-23|accessdate=2009-01-23}}</ref><ref name="apppearancesandgoals"/> | Top scorer = [[पेले]] (७७)<ref name="apppearancesandgoals">{{cite web|title=Brazil – Record International Players|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/braz-recintlp.html|accessdate=2009-05-10|date=2008-11-07|publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]]}}</ref> | FIFA Rank = {{Nft rank|३|steady||date=२० सेप्टेम्बर २०१८}} | FIFA max = १ | FIFA max year = १५९ पटक<ref>23 September 1993 until 19 November 1993, 19 April 1994 until 14 June 1994, 21 July 1994 until 16 May 2001, 3 July 2002 until 14 February 2007, 18 July 2007 until 19 September 2007, 1 July 2009 until 20 November 2009, 28 April 2010 until 14 July 2010, 6 April 2017</ref> | FIFA min = २२ | FIFA min date = जून २०१३ | Elo Rank = {{Nft rank|२|down|१|date=१६ जुलाई २०१८}}<!-- Elo rankings change often and irregularly; there are no "releases" from which a team can go up or down in ranking --> | Elo max = १ | Elo max year = ८,६४०<ref>1958–63, 1965–66, 1970–74, 1978–79, 1981–83, 1986–87, 1990, 1992, 1994–00, 2002–10, 2016–2017</ref> | Elo min = २० | Elo min date = ७ नोभेम्बर २००१ | Home Stadium = विभिन्न | pattern_la1 = _bra20H | pattern_b1 = _bra20H | pattern_ra1 = _bra20H | pattern_sh1 = _bra20h | pattern_so1 = _bra20h | leftarm1 = FFCC00 | body1 = FFCC00 | rightarm1 = FFCC00 | shorts1 = 0000FF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _bra20A | pattern_b2 = _bra20A | pattern_ra2 = _bra20A | pattern_sh2 = _bra19aw | pattern_so2 = _nikeyellow | leftarm2 = 003CFF | body2 = 003CFF | rightarm2 = 003CFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = 003CFF | First game = {{fb|Argentina|alt}} ३–० ब्राजिल {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>([[बुएनेस एर्रेस]], [[अर्जेन्टिना]]; सेप्टेम्बर २०, १९१४)<ref name="fifawebsitebrazilargentina">{{cite web | title = Argentina versus Brazil | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfutbol/statisticsandrecords/headtohead/team1=ARG/team2=BRA/index.html| accessdate = 2009-01-05 | publisher=[[FIFA|FIFA.com]]</ref> | Largest win = {{flagicon|Brazil}} ब्राजिल १४–० {{fb-rt|Nicaragua}}<br>(मेक्सिको ; अक्टोबर १७,१९७५ )<ref name="enciclopediaseleo">{{cite book | first=Antônio Carlos | last1=Napoleão |first2=Roberto |last2=Assaf | title = Seleção Brasileira 1914–2006 | publisher = Mauad X | location = São Paulo | year = 2006 | page = 72| id = ISBN 85-7478-186-X}}</ref> | | Largest loss = {{fb|Uruguay}} 6–0 ब्राजिल {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>( भीना मर, चिली) <br> सेप्टेम्बर १८,१९२०)<br>{{fb|Germany}} 7–1 ब्राजिल {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br>(बेलो होरिजोन्टे, [[ब्राजिल]]; [[८ जुलाई]],२०१४) | World cup apps = १९ | World cup first = १९३० | World cup best = विजेता <br>१९५८,१९६२,१९७०,१९९४,२००१ | Regional name = [[कोपा अमेरिका]] | Regional cup apps = ३२ | Regional cup first = १९१६ | Regional cup best = विजेता, <br>१९१९,१९२२,१९४९,१९८९,१९९९,२००७ | Confederations cup apps = ६ | Confederations cup first = १९६७ | Confederations cup best =विजेता<br> १९९७,२००५,२००९,२०१३ }} '''ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टीम'''ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगिताहरूमा सहभागिता जनाउने गर्छ ।फिफा विश्वकपको सबैभन्दा सफल यस टिमले पाँच पटक विश्वकप र चार पटक कन्फेडेरेसन कप समेत जित्न सफल भएको छ। ==इतिहास== ==प्रतियोगिता विवरण== ===फिफा विश्वकप=== ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टीम लफिफा विश्वकपको सबैभन्दा सफल यस टिमले पाँच पटक विश्वकप जित्न सफल भएको छ।।जसले १९५८,१९६२,१९७०,१९९४,२००२ गरी पाँचपटक विश्वकप जितेको हो । ===फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप=== ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टीम लफिफा विश्वकपको सबैभन्दा सफल यस टिमले चार पटक कन्फेडेरेसन कप जित्न सफल भएको छ।जसले गरी १९९७,२००५,२००९,२०१३ चारपटक कन्फेडेरेसन कप जितेको हो । ===कोपा अमेरिका=== ===ओलम्पिक खेल=== [[File:Brasil conquista primeiro ouro olímpico nos penaltis 1039259-20082016- mg 4209.jpg|thumb|आफूले जितेको ओलम्पिक गोल्ड मेडलका साथमा ओलम्पिक गेम २०१६ का ब्राजिलियन फुटबल टिमका केही खेलाडीहरू]] ब्राजिलले पहिलोपटक २०१६ को ओलम्पिक खेलमा गोल्ड मेडल जिट्न सफल भएको थियो ।घरेलु समर्थ र मैदानको फाइदा उठाउदै चिर परिचित प्रतिद्वन्द्वी जर्मनीला टाइब्रेकरमा पाखा लगाइ जितेको थियो । यसोत २०१२ को लण्डन ओलम्पिकमा ब्राजिलले मेक्सिको सँग पराजित भई रजत पदकमा चित्त बुझाउन परेको थियो । ==कीट विवरण== '''Home''' {| | {{Football kit| align = left| pattern_la = _blue_hoops| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra = _black_hoops| leftarm = blue hoops| pattern_so = _2_stripes_white| body = FFFFFF| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1914–1917 }} | {{Football kit| align = left| pattern_la = _green_stripes| pattern_b = _greenstripes| pattern_ra = _green_stripes| pattern_so = _yellow| leftarm = FFDF00| body = FFDF00| rightarm = FFDF00| socks = 228B22| title = 1917 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =| leftarm = ffffff| pattern_so = _2_stripes_white| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1917 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =| leftarm = FF0000| body = FF0000| rightarm = FF0000| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1917 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la = _yellow_hoops| pattern_b = _greenhorizontal| pattern_ra = _yellow_hoops| pattern_so = _2_stripes_white| leftarm = ffffff| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 000000| title = 1918–1919 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la = _blueborder| pattern_b = _bluecollar_2| pattern_ra = _blueborder| pattern_so = _brasil1930| leftarm = ffffff| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = 0000ff| socks = 000000| title = 1919–1938 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =_blueborder| pattern_b =_bluecollar_2| pattern_ra =_blueborder| pattern_so = _3_stripes_blue| leftarm = ffffff| body = ffffff| rightarm = ffffff| shorts = ffffff| socks = ffffff| title = 1945–1949 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _greenborder| pattern_b = _greencollar| pattern_ra = _greenborder| pattern_sh = _white_stripes| pattern_so = _brasil1954| leftarm = FDE910| body = FDE910| rightarm = FDE910| shorts = 0047AB| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1954–1974 }} |} {| | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _ adidasbrasil2| pattern_b = _ adidasbrasil| pattern_ra = _ adidasbrasil1| pattern_sh = _adidaswhite| pattern_so = _brasil 1978| leftarm = FFFF00| body = FFFF00| rightarm = FFFF00| shorts = 0047AB| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1978 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =_greenborder| pattern_b =_collargreen| pattern_ra =_greenborder| pattern_sh=_white_border| pattern_so=_brasil1954| leftarm = FFcc00| body = FFcc00| rightarm = FFcc00| shorts = 0000ff| socks = ffffff| title = 1986–1990 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la = _bra98| pattern_b = _brasil1998| pattern_ra = _bra98| pattern_sh = _yellow_stripes| pattern_so = _3_stripes_green| leftarm = FFFF00| body = FFFF00| rightarm = FFFF00| shorts = 228B22| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1988 Olympics }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_brazil1994| pattern_b =_brazil1994| pattern_ra =_brazil1994| pattern_sh =_white_stripes| |pattern_so =_bra94h leftarm = FFFF00| body = FFFF00| rightarm = FFFF00| shorts = 003399| socks = FFFFFF| title = 1994–1997 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_green_shoulders| pattern_b =_bra96h| pattern_ra =_green_shoulders| pattern_sh =_colchester0809h| pattern_so =| leftarm =FFDD00| body =FFDD00| rightarm =FFDD00| shorts =0000FF| socks =FFFFFF| title = 1997 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _bra98| pattern_b = _brasil1998| pattern_ra = _bra98| pattern_sh = _white_stripes| pattern_so = _brasil1998| leftarm = FFFF00 | body = FFFF00 | rightarm = FFFF00 | shorts = 0047AB | socks = FFFFFF | title = 1998–2001 }} | {{Football kit| | pattern_la = _brazilh0204 | pattern_b = _brazilh0204 | pattern_ra = _brazilh0204 | pattern_sh = _white_stripes | leftarm = FFCC00 | body = FFCC00 | rightarm = FFCC00 | shorts = 003399 | socks = FFFFFF | title = 2002–2004| }} | {{Football kit | pattern_b = _bra04h | pattern_ra = _bra04h | pattern_sh = _bra04h | pattern_so = _porto0809 | leftarm = FFDD00 | body = FFFFFF | rightarm = FFDD00 | shorts = 0000FF | socks = FFFFFF | title = 2004–2006 }} |} {| | {{Football kit | |pattern_la = _Brazil_home_2006 |pattern_b = _brah06 |pattern_ra = _Brazil_home_2006 |pattern_sh = _white stripes |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFDA00 |body = FFDA00 |rightarm = FFDA00 |shorts = 004FA3 |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2006–2007 }} | {{Football kit | | pattern_la = _goldgreenborder | pattern_b = _bra08h | pattern_ra = _goldgreenborder | leftarm = FFD630 | body = FFD630 | rightarm = FFD630 | shorts = 2F5FD0 | socks = FFFFFF | title = 2007–2010 }} | {{Football kit |pattern_la = _bra10h |pattern_b = _bra10h |pattern_ra = _bra10h |pattern_sh = _bra10H |pattern_so = _bra10h |leftarm = FFDF00 |body = FFDF00 |rightarm = FFDF00 |shorts = 0000BF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2010–2011 }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la= |pattern_b=_bra11h |pattern_ra= |pattern_sh= |pattern_so= |leftarm=FFDD00 |body=FFDD00 |rightarm=FFDD00 |shorts=003399 |socks=FFFFFF |title=2011–2012 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra12h |pattern_b = _bra12h |pattern_ra = _bra12h |pattern_sh = _colchester0809h |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFDF00 |body = FFDF00 |rightarm = FFDF00 |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2012–2013 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra13h |pattern_b = _bra13h |pattern_ra = _bra13h |pattern_sh = _bra13h |pattern_so = _bra13h |leftarm = FFCC00 |body = FFCC00 |rightarm = FFCC00 |shorts = 0000BB |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2013–2014 }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la = _brazil1415h |pattern_b = _brazil1415h |pattern_ra = _brazil1415h |pattern_sh = _colchester0809h |pattern_so = |leftarm = |body = |rightarm = |shorts = 0000FF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2014–2016 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra16h |pattern_b = _bra16H |pattern_ra = _bra16h |pattern_sh = _white_stripes |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFCC00 |body = FFCC00 |rightarm = FFCC00 |shorts = 0000FF |socks = FFFFFF |title = 2016–2026 }} |} '''Away''' {| | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =| p0attern_so = _2_stripes_white| leftarm = 0000ff| body = 0000ff| rightarm = 0000ff| shorts = 0000ff| socks = 000000| title = 1938–1948 }} | {{Football kit | align = left| pattern_la =_whiteborder| pattern_b =_whitecollar| pattern_ra =_whiteborder| pattern_sh=_white_border| pattern_so= _3_stripes_white| leftarm = 0000ff| body = 0000ff| rightarm = 0000ff| shorts = 0000ff| socks = 0000ff| title = 1949–1953 }} | {{Football kit| align = left| pattern_la =_blue_border| pattern_b = _vneck_transparent| pattern_ra =_blue_border| pattern_sh=_blue_border| pattern_so= blue| leftarm = 0000ff| body = 0000ff| rightarm = 0000ff| shorts = ffffff| socks = 0000ff| title = 1958 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_brazil1994away| pattern_b =_brazil1994away| pattern_ra =_brazil1994away| pattern_sh =_cruzeiro11h| pattern_so =_bra94a| leftarm =0033CC| body =0033CC| rightarm =0033CC| shorts =FFFFFF| socks =0000ff| title = 1994| }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la =_whiteshoulders| pattern_b =_bra96a| pattern_ra =_whiteshoulders| pattern_sh =_colchester0809t| pattern_so =| leftarm =0000FF| body =0000FF| rightarm =0000FF| shorts =FFFFFF| socks =0000FF| title = 1997| }} | {{Football kit | pattern_la = _bra02a | pattern_b = _bra02a | pattern_ra = _bra02a | pattern_sh = _blue_stripes | leftarm = 0000FF | body = 0000FF | rightarm = 0000FF | shorts = FFFFFF | socks = 0000FF | title = 2002–2004 }} | {{Football kit | pattern_b = _bra04a | pattern_ra = _bra04a | pattern_sh = _bra04a | pattern_so = _porto0809 | leftarm = 0000ff | body = FFFFFF | rightarm = FFDD00 | shorts = 0000FF | socks = 0000ff | title = 2004–2006 }} | {{Football kit | | pattern_la = _bra08a | pattern_b = _bra08a | pattern_ra = _bra08a | leftarm = 24249b | body = 24249b | rightarm = 24249b | shorts = FFFFFF | socks = 24249b | title = 2007–2010 }} |} {| | {{Football kit |pattern_la = _bra10a |pattern_b = _bra10a |pattern_ra = _bra10a |pattern_sh = _bra10a |pattern_so = _bra10a |leftarm = 0000FF |body = 0000FF |rightarm = 0000FF |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 0000BF |title = 2010–2011 }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la= |pattern_b=_bra11a |pattern_ra= |pattern_sh= |pattern_so= |leftarm=0060BF |body=0060BF |rightarm=0060BF |shorts=FFFFFF |socks=0060BF |title=2011–2012 }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra12a |pattern_b = _bra12a |pattern_ra = _bra12a |pattern_sh = |pattern_so = |leftarm = FFDF00 |body = FFDF00 |rightarm = FFDF00 |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 0000bb |title = २०१२-१३ }} | {{Football kit| |pattern_la = _bra13a |pattern_b = _bra13a |pattern_ra = _bra13a |pattern_sh = _bra13a |pattern_so = _bra13a |leftarm = FFCC00 |body = FFCC00 |rightarm = FFCC00 |shorts = 0000BB |socks = 0000BB |title = २०१३-१४ }} | {{Football kit | |pattern_la = _brazil1415a |pattern_b = _brazil1415a |pattern_ra = _brazil1415a |pattern_sh = |pattern_so = |leftarm = |body = |rightarm = |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 0000FF |title = २०१४-१६ }} | {{Football kit| | pattern_la = _bra16a |pattern_b = _bra16A |pattern_ra = _bra16a |pattern_sh = _blue_stripes |pattern_so = _bra16a |leftarm = 1845BD |body = 1845BD |rightarm = 1845BD |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = 1845BD |title = २०१६–2026 }} |} ==मुख्य उपाधिहरू== ;[[फिफा विश्वकप]]: *विजेता(५): १९५८,१९६२,१९७०,१९९४,२००२ *उप-विजेता(२): १९५०,१९९८ ;[[फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप]]: *विजेता(४): १९९७,२००५,२००९,२०१३ *उप-विजेता(१): १९९९ ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अमेरिकी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप विजेता देशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप विजेता देशहरू]] d1vzqaguf5zoqkfi3t9068oo8k0tfzw 10 38609 1367981 180866 2026-07-30T15:40:15Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]]मा ठिक गर्दै; कस्मेटिक परिवर्तनहरू 1367981 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:Country data redirects|नेपाल]] 5a5uri7xq9f1ys6oovfwnkayor7rtng 0 47418 1368124 1270862 2026-07-31T11:21:23Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox officeholder |name =गुञ्जमान सिंह |office =मुख्य शाही सल्लाहकार |monarch = राजा महेन्द्र |deputy = [[आनन्द शमशेर]] |term_start =२०१२ साल वैशाख १ |term_end = २०१२ साल माघ १३ }} '''गुञ्जमान सिंह''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। यिनी [[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य|टंङ्कप्रसाद आचार्यको]] मन्त्रीमण्डलमा पहिलोपटक मन्त्री भएका थिए। [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पद्म शमशेर]]ले [[नेपाल सरकारको वैधानिक कानुन २००४|नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन २००४]] बनाउन सुधार समिति गठन गरेका थिए । सो सुधार समितिको काम थियो संविधान बनाउनु थियो। समितिमा सरदार हेमराज पाण्डे , [[कृष्ण शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|कृष्ण शमशेर]] र गुञ्जमान सिंह समेत रहेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite book|title=constitutional development:Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1990,|author=Regmi Mukunda|page=|date=2004|publisher=|isbn=|url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Self-Determination & Constitution Making in Nepal: Constituent Assembly|author=Surendra Bhandari|page=213|date=2014|publisher=|isbn=|url=}}</ref> राजा त्रिभुवनको उपचारका क्रममा फागुन ०११ मा स्वीट्जरल्यान्डको ज्युरिजमा मृत्यु भएपछी राजगद्दी सम्हालेका राजा महेन्द्रको मुख्य शाही सल्लाहकार भएर सेवा गरेका थिए । [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]को आदेशमा यिनी चीन भ्रमणमा गएर नेपाल चीन सम्बन्ध विस्तार गरेका थिए र उनले कुटनीतिक मस्यौदामा सही गरेपछि नेपाल–चीनबीच कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध स्थापनाको ढोका खोलेको हो । [[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य|टंङ्कप्रसाद आचार्यको]] प्रधानमन्त्रिकालमा नेपाल चीन दौत्य सम्बन्ध कायम भयो।<ref>[http://nepal.ekantipur.com/news/2018-11-23/20181123184651.html मातृकालाई नेहरूको पत्र] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126040833/http://nepal.ekantipur.com/news/2018-11-23/20181123184651.html |date=2018-11-26 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ समाग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका अर्थ मन्त्रीहरू]] 5hw0gfdoozik50p1w04mcqgk8l5e4o8 0 48563 1368111 393911 2026-07-31T10:03:48Z Saroj 31493 विस्तार गरियो 1368111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = पापड | image = Roasted Papad - Howrah 2013-11-02 4068.jpg | caption = आगोमा सेकिएको ''पापड'' | alternate_name = {{hlist|पापडम|पोप्पाडम|पापर}} | creator = | course = खाजा वा सहायक परिकार | served = | main_ingredient = {{hlist|[[दाल]]को पिठो|[[मास|कालो मास]]|[[चना]]|[[आलु]]|[[साबुदाना]]|[[चामल]]}} | variations = {{hlist|चामलको पापड|ट्यापिओका पापड|साबुदानाको पापड|आलुको पापड|मसला पापड|लसुन पापड|अदुवाको पापड|कटहरको पापड|खुर्सानी पापड}} | calories = | other = }} '''पापड''' [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]मा उत्पत्ति भएको एक प्रकारको खाजा हो। [[मास|कालो मास]]को पिठोबाट बनाइएको आटोलाई गहिरो तेलमा तारिन्छ वा सुक्खा तापमा (खुला आगोको ज्वालामाथि फर्काउँदै) पकाइन्छ, जसले यसलाई कुरकुरे बनाउँछ। [[दाल]], [[चना]], [[चामल]], ट्यापिओका, [[कोदो]] वा [[आलु]]बाट बनाइने अन्य प्रकारका पिठोहरू पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। पापड प्रायः [[भारत]], [[पाकिस्तान]], [[बङ्गलादेश]], [[नेपाल]], [[श्रीलङ्का]] तथा [[क्यारिबियन]] क्षेत्रका देशहरूमा मुख्य भोजनसँगै सहायक परिकारका रूपमा वा सुरुआती खाजाको रूपमा परोसिन्छ। यसलाई प्रायः [[चटनी]]जस्ता डिपहरूसँग वा काटिएको प्याज र खुर्सानीजस्ता टपिङहरू राखेर खाने गरिन्छ। == व्युत्पत्ति == ''पापडम'' शब्द [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] {{lang|ta|பப்படம்}} ({{IAST|pappaṭam}}) बाट आएको [[ऋणशब्द]] हो।<ref>"poppadom, ''n.''" ''OED Online''. December 2006. [[Oxford University Press]].<http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147794?redirectedFrom=poppadum#>.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ |title=Digital Dictionaries of South Asia |publisher=[[University of Chicago]] |date=1962 }}</ref> यसको अन्तिम उत्पत्ति सम्भवतः [[संस्कृत]] {{lang|sa|पर्पट}} ({{IAST|parpaṭa}}) बाट भएको मानिन्छ, जुन [[प्राकृत]] भाषाहरूबाट सापट लिइएको शब्द हो। यसले प्रारम्भिक जैन तथा बौद्ध साहित्यमा वर्णन गरिएको च्यापिएको गोलाकार परिकारलाई जनाउँछ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Poppadom - Definition and synonyms of poppadom in the English dictionary |url=https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/poppadom |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=educalingo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lip-Smacking Ways to Use Papad: From Masala Papad to Rolls and Chaats |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/lip-smacking-ways-to-use-papad-from-masala-papad-to-rolls-and-chaats-1731969 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=NDTV Food |quote=According to food historian and author KT Achaya, "The parpata (papad) is first mentioned in about 500BC in Buddhist-Jain canonical literature, and the medical authorities note that they are made from pulses like urad, masoor, chana and the like."}}</ref> यो शब्द आफैँ पनि द्रविड भाषाको {{IAST|parpu aṭṭu}} ("दालबाट बनेको चप्टो परिकार") बाट व्युत्पन्न भएको हुन सक्ने मानिन्छ। यसका अन्य रूपहरूमा हिन्दीको ''पापड़'' र कन्नडको ''हप्पळ'' पर्छन्। ==क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताहरू== [[File:RollednRoastedPapads.jpg|thumb|[[बेङ्गलोर]]को [[कटहर]]बाट बनाइएको पापड]] [[File:Different Papad - Kolkata 2015-10-21 6134.JPG|thumb|बिक्रीका लागि राखिएका पापडका विभिन्न प्रकार]] पापड बनाउने विधि क्षेत्रअनुसार तथा घरपरिवारअनुसार फरक हुन्छ। यो सामान्यतया दाल, चना, कालो मास, चामल वा आलुबाट तयार गरिएको पिठो वा लेदोबाट बनाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aoyagi |first=William Shurtleff; Akiko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1-IDwAAQBAJ&dq=papadam+history&pg=PA2098 |title=History of Soy Flour, Flakes and Grits (510 CE to 2019): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook |date=2019-02-17 |publisher=Soyinfo Center |isbn=978-1-948436-06-9 |pages=814}}</ref> आटा तयार गर्न त्यसमा [[नुन]] र बदामको तेल मिसाइन्छ, जसमा [[खुर्सानी]], [[जीरा]], [[लसुन]] वा [[कालो मरिच]]जस्ता मसलाहरू पनि स्वादका लागि थप्न सकिन्छ। कहिलेकाहीँ त्यसमा खाने सोडा वा [[चुन]] पनि मिसाइन्छ। त्यसपछि आटालाई पातलो, गोलाकार आकारमा बेलेर (परम्परागत रूपमा घाममा सुकाएर<ref>{{Cite book |last=B.Gangwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-UxFp6cFRwC&dq=papadam+sun&pg=PA197 |title=Solving The Pulses Crisis |date=2013-01-21 |publisher=New India Publishing Agency |isbn=978-93-81450-48-2 |pages=197 |language=en}}</ref>) आवश्यक बनावटअनुसार गहिरो तेलमा तरेर, खुला [[आगो]]मा सेकाएर, टोस्ट गरेर वा माइक्रोवेभमा पकाइन्छ। विश्वभरका अधिकांश भारतीय रेस्टुरेन्टहरूमा पापडलाई विभिन्न डिपहरूसँग भोक बढाउने परिकारका रूपमा पस्किने गरिन्छ। ती डिपहरूमा प्रायः आँपको चटनी, [[अचार|कागतीको अचार]], प्याजको चटनी र [[राइतो|रायता]] पर्छन्। सेव, प्याज, टमाटर र धनियाका पातले सजाइएको मसला पापड भारतका सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय भोक बढाउने परिकारहरूमध्ये एक हो। === कप्पा पापडम === कप्पा पापडम दक्षिण भारतीय राज्य [[केरल]]को पापडको एक प्रकार हो। यसको नाम यसको मुख्य सामग्री [[ट्यापिओका]]बाट आएको हो, जसलाई [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]]मा "कप्पा" भनिन्छ।<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/food/recipe/2020/06/03/crispy-kappa-pappadam-recipe.html|title=Crispy Kappa Pappadam|publisher=Manorama Online|date=3 June 2020|access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> यसलाई मरचेनी, चीनी पापडम (वा अप्पलम्) तथा कसावा पापड भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। यसको मुख्य सामग्री ट्यापिओकामा रातो खुर्सानी, मरिच, नुन, जीरा र [[हिङ]] मिसाइन्छ। रातो खुर्सानीकै कारण कप्पा पापडमको विशेष खैरो–सुन्तलारङ्गी रङ देखिन्छ। केही प्रकारमा भने रातो खुर्सानीको सट्टा हरियो खुर्सानी प्रयोग गरिने भएकाले तिनीहरू सेतो रङका देखिन्छन्। टापिओकालाई साना टुक्रामा काटेर खुर्सानी, मरिच, जिरा र पानीसँग पिसी मसिनो लेदो बनाइन्छ। त्यसपछि उक्त लेदोमा नुन, हिङ, नरिवलको तेल र थप पानी मिसाई बाक्लो नभएसम्म उमालिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cookwith.whiskaffair.com/kappa-pappadam-tapioca-papad/|title=Kappa Pappadam Recipe, How to make Kappa Pappadam or Tapioca Papad - Cook with Whiskaffair|date=2016-07-12|newspaper=Cook with Whiskaffair|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-08|archive-date=17 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717181246/http://cookwith.whiskaffair.com/kappa-pappadam-tapioca-papad/|url-status=dead}}</ref> त्यसपछि उक्त लेदोलाई मलमलको कपडा वा प्लास्टिकको पानामाथि गोलाकार रूपमा फैलाएर घाममा सुकाइन्छ। परम्परागत रूपमा पापडम सुकाउन परालको चटाई प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। केही घण्टापछि पापडमलाई कपडा वा पानाबाट सावधानीपूर्वक निकालेर अर्को सतह उल्टाइन्छ। २–३ दिनसम्म राम्रो घाम लागेपछि पापडम कुरकुरा बन्छ, जसले तिनलाई तार्नका लागि तयार भएको सङ्केत गर्छ। सुकाइसकेपछि पापडमलाई गहिरो तेलमा तरेर परोसिन्छ। गहिरो तेलमा तरेका परिकार खान नचाहनेहरूका लागि पापडममा थोरै तेल लगाई एक मिनेट माइक्रोवेभमा पकाउन पनि सकिन्छ। [[फहाद फासिल]] अभिनीत सन् २०१७ को चलचित्र ''कप्पा पापडम''को शीर्षक यस खाजा र त्यससँग सम्बन्धित संस्कृतिलाई सन्दर्भित गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/fahad-in-kappa-pappadam-malayalam-news-100228.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018024040/https://www.indiaglitz.com/fahad-in-kappa-pappadam-malayalam-news-100228.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 October 2021|title=IndiaGlitz - Fahad in Kappa Pappadam - Malayalam Movie News|access-date=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/kappa-pappadam.html#cast|title=Kappa Pappadam|publisher=FilmiBeat|date=1 November 2021|access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> ==सामग्री र तयारी== पापड विभिन्न सामग्री र विधिबाट तयार गर्न सकिन्छ। एउटा लोकप्रिय विधिमा बोक्रा हटाइएको चिरेको कालो मासबाट तयार गरिएको पिठोलाई<ref name="SmarttNwokolo2012">{{cite book|author1=J. Smartt|author2=Emmanuel Nwokolo|title=Food and Feed from Legumes and Oilseeds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvfSBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4613-0433-3|page=28}}</ref> कालो मरिच, नुन, थोरै मात्रामा वनस्पति तेल र खाद्य-ग्रेड क्षारसँग मिसाइन्छ, त्यसपछि उक्त मिश्रणलाई राम्रोसँग मुछिन्छ। त्यसपछि राम्ररी मुछिएको आटालाई अत्यन्त पातलो गोलाकार आकारमा बेलेर सुकाइन्छ र पछि पकाउन तथा उपभोग गर्नका लागि भण्डारण गरिन्छ। यसको मुख्य सामग्रीका रूपमा [[चामल]], [[कटहर]], [[साबुदाना]] आदि पनि प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। कुटिएको कालो मरिच, रातो खुर्सानीको धुलो, [[हिङ]], जीरा वा [[तिल]]लाई प्रायः स्वादका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। पापड [[चिउरा]], [[कोदो]] (रागी) वा [[गहत]]बाट पनि बनाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://udupi-recipes.com/2018/03/poha-papad-rice-flakes-papad.html|title=Poha papad, Rice flakes Papad, Summer Recipe|date=11 March 2018|publisher=Udupi-Recipes|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> ==चित्रावली== <gallery mode=packed> File:Pappadum.tif|पापड File:Rice papad.jpg|चामलको पापड File:Urad Indian Papad.jpg|उडदको पापड File:Roasting Papadums.jpg|आगोमा सेकिएको पापड File:Nepali Khana.jpg|पापडसहितको नेपाली [[थाली]] File:Raw Jack Fruit Papad.jpg|तटीय कर्नाटकको काँचो [[कटहर]]बाट बनाइएको पापड File:Papadum at restaurant Milan Nepal.jpg|फिनल्यान्डस्थित दक्षिण एसियाली शैलीको रेस्टुरेन्टमा भोक बढाउने परिकारका रूपमा [[चटनी]]सँग परोसिएको पापड File:Urad papad, microwaved.jpg|माइक्रोवेभमा पकाइएको उडदको पापडको बनावट </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली खाना]] [[श्रेणी:केरलको खाना]] oetvwk9mmc247wo802876r2xf3noygh 0 49029 1367997 1308078 2026-07-30T17:23:41Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली अभिनेत्री तथा मोडेल}} {{Infobox pageant titleholder | name = सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1988|10|19}} | photo = Shristi Shrestha 02 (cropped).jpg | caption = [[चिसो एस्ट्रे]]को प्रिमियरमा श्रेष्ठ | title = [[मिस चितवन]] २०१२ <br /> [[मिस नेपाल]] [[मिस वर्ल्ड|वर्ल्ड]] २०१२ <br /> [[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]] क्वार्टर फाइनलसम्म (२०औँ स्थान) <br /> उत्कृष्ट १० बिच ब्युटी [[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]] <br /> उत्कृष्ट १० मल्टिमिडिया अवार्ड [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]] <br /> उत्कृष्ट १० नृत्याङ्ग्ना [[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]] | nationalcompetition = [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]]<br />(विजेता)<br />[[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]]<br />(उत्कृष्ट ३०) | eye_color = | hair_color = | partner = [[सौगात मल्ल]] (सन् २०१६–२०२३) }} '''सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ''' (जन्म: २०४५ कात्तिक २) एक नेपाली अभिनेत्री, मोडल<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shristi Shrestha |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8619216/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref> तथा [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]]को सुन्दरी प्रतियोगिताकी विजेता हुन्। [[बेलायत]]मा तीन वर्ष मोडलिङ गरेकी सृष्टिले सन् २०१२‎ को मिस नेपाल प्रतियोगिता जित्नुका साथै सन् २०१२‎ को विश्व सुन्दरी प्रतियोगितामा क्वार्टर फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा तय गरेकी थिइन्। ==अभिनय जीवन== === सुन्दरी प्रतियोगिता === श्रेष्ठले [[मिस चितवन]] २०१२ को रूपमा [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]] सुन्दरी प्रतियोगितामा आफ्नो गृह जिल्ला [[चितवन जिल्ला|चितवन]]को प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। उनले मिस नेपालको मुख्य उपाधिका साथै मिस कन्फिडेन्सको उपाधि पनि जितेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pahilopost.com/content/-34927.html |title=पूर्व मिस नेपाल सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ अस्पतालमा |website=पहिलोपोस्ट |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/arts/25563-1336304607.html |title=सृष्टि श्रेष्ठले जितिन् मिस नेपालको उपाधि (फोटो फिचर र भिडियोसहित) |website=नागरिक न्युज |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lokaantar.com/story/17292/2017/11/6/w9c0JxgKOE |title=मिस नेपाल सृष्टि श्रेष्ठले अपरेशनपछि फ्यानलाई दिइन् धन्यवाद |website=लोकान्तर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-12-09}}</ref> श्रेष्ठ [[मिस वर्ल्ड]]को क्वार्टर फाइनलसम्म पुग्ने पहिलो [[मिस नेपाल]] हुन्; उनले समग्रमा २०औँ स्थान हासिल गरेकी थिइन्। उनी बिच ब्युटीमा आठौँ स्थान हासिल गर्दै मल्टिमिडिया अवार्डका लागि उत्कृष्ट दस प्रतियोगीहरूमध्ये एक बनेकी थिइन्। उनले मिस वर्ल्ड प्रतियोगितामा पब्लिक च्वाइस अवार्ड पनि जितेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nepal |first=Anand |date=18 August 2012 |title=Miss World 2012 is Miss China, Shristi top 10 in Beach Beauty |url=http://xnepali.net/miss-world-2012-is-miss-china-shristi-top-10-in-beach-beauty/ |access-date=30 June 2016 |website=xnepali.net |language=en-US}}</ref> === अभिनय === उनको अभिनय यात्राको सुरुवात [[अनमोल केसी]]सँगै नेपाली चलचित्र ''[[गाजलु]]''बाट भएको हो। उनले [[विलियम सेक्सपियर]]को नाटक ''[[ह्यामलेट]]''मा [[ओफेलिया]]को भूमिकाबाट रङ्गमञ्चमा पदार्पण गरेकी थिइन्। [[काठमाडौँ]]को थिएटर भिजेलमा एक महिनासम्म मञ्चन गरिएको यो नाटकको निर्माण [[ब्रिटिस काउन्सिल]]ले गरेको थियो भने निर्देशन ग्रेगरी थोमसनले गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2019 |title=रिलिज डेट तोक्दै सार्दै निर्माता |work=अनलाइन खबर |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/653614 |access-date=6 July 2018}}</ref> == पुरस्कारहरू == श्रेष्ठले [[राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार]], [[कामना फिल्म अवार्ड]], डिसिने अवार्ड्स र फान पुरस्कारबाट उत्कृष्ट नवअभिनेत्री पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shristi Shrestha |url=https://www.lensnepal.com/profile/shristi-shrestha/awards.html |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Lens Nepal}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == श्रेष्ठ [[विश्व वन्यजन्तु कोष]] नेपालका लागि सातौँ युवा संरक्षण राजदूत हुन्<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=Miss Nepal 2012 Shristi Shrestha is WWF's Young Conservation Ambassador |url=https://wwf.panda.org/?unewsid=205581 |access-date=7 January 2020 |website=WWF}}</ref> र उनी संस्थाभित्र [[हिउँ चितुवा]] वन्यजन्तु संरक्षण परियोजनाहरूमा संलग्न छिन्।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2012 |title=Shristi Shrestha the Seventh 'Young Conservation Ambassador' |url=http://fridayweekly.com.np/hall-of-frame/shristi-shrestha-the-seventh-young-conservation-ambassador |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107041646/http://fridayweekly.com.np/hall-of-frame/shristi-shrestha-the-seventh-young-conservation-ambassador |archive-date=7 January 2020 |access-date=7 January 2020 |website=Friday Weekly}}</ref> उनी सन् २०१६ देखि २०२३ को सुरुवातसम्म अभिनेता [[सौगात मल्ल]]सँग प्रेम सम्बन्धमा थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-03-31 |title=No more camaraderie as relationship breaks |url=https://en.nepalkhabar.com/news/detail/3474/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Nepal Khabar |language=en-gb}}</ref> === अभिनित चलचित्रहरू === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! वर्ष (सन्) ! शीर्षक ! भूमिका ! निर्देशक ! टिप्पणी |- | २०१६ | ''[[गाजलु]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2016 |title=Gajalu: Exploring relationship |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/gajalu-exploring-relationship |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=[[द हिमालयन टाइम्स]]}}</ref> | सुजाता शाक्य | हेमराज बिसी | |- |rowspan="2"|२०१८ |''रोमियो एन्ड मुना''<ref>{{Cite web |last=गौतम |first=गोकर्ण |date=2018-07-27 |title=औसत माथिको लभ स्टोरी फिल्म समीक्षा : रोमियो एन्ड मुना |url=https://nepalmag.com.np/art/2018/07/27/20180727200450 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528023639/https://nepalmag.com.np/art/2018/07/27/20180727200450 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[नेपाल (पत्रिका)|नेपाल म्यागजिन]] |language=ne}}</ref> |मुना |नरेश कुमार केसी | |- |'' बाँधा मायाले'' |श्रद्धा |शबिर श्रेष्ठ | |- |rowspan="2"|२०१९ | ''पोइ पर्यो काले''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Abhimanyu |date=2019-11-02 |title=Beauty might not be superficial but this film is |url=http://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/11/02/beauty-might-not-be-superficial-but-this-film-is |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812002626/https://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/11/02/beauty-might-not-be-superficial-but-this-film-is |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट]] |language=English}}</ref> | | शिशिर राणा | |- | ''माछा माछा'' | | सुनिल गुरुङ |नृत्य |- | rowspan="3"|२०२२ | ''[[चिसो एस्ट्रे]]'' |सलिन्ता | दिन्स पाल्पाली | |- |''राधा'' |राधा |सुवर्ण थापा | |- |''माइकल अधिकारी'' | | | |- | २०२३ | ''द रेड सुटकेस'' | | फिडेल देवकोटा | |- |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{Succession box | before=[[मलिना जोशी]]<br>({{Flag|नेपाल}}) | title=[[मिस नेपाल|मिस नेपाल वर्ल्ड]] | years=२०१२ | after=[[इशानी श्रेष्ठ]]<br>({{Flag|नेपाल}}) }} {{S-end}} {{मिस नेपाल}} {{Commonscat|Shristi Shrestha|सृष्टी श्रेष्ठ}} [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८८ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:मिस नेपाल विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:चितवन जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८९ मा जन्म]] 4qtau5c5v31hz2ti1hj6tjx0kfbyrmv 1368109 1367997 2026-07-31T09:20:00Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली अभिनेत्री तथा मोडेल}} {{Infobox pageant titleholder | name = सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1988|10|19}} | photo = Shristi Shrestha 02 (cropped).jpg | caption = [[चिसो एस्ट्रे]]को प्रिमियरमा श्रेष्ठ | title = [[मिस चितवन]] २०१२ <br /> [[मिस नेपाल]] [[मिस वर्ल्ड|वर्ल्ड]] २०१२ <br /> [[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]] क्वार्टर फाइनलसम्म (२०औँ स्थान) <br /> उत्कृष्ट १० बिच ब्युटी [[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]] <br /> उत्कृष्ट १० मल्टिमिडिया अवार्ड [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]] <br /> उत्कृष्ट १० नृत्याङ्ग्ना [[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]] | nationalcompetition = [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]]<br />(विजेता)<br />[[मिस वर्ल्ड २०१२]]<br />(उत्कृष्ट ३०) | eye_color = | hair_color = | partner = [[सौगात मल्ल]] (सन् २०१६–२०२३) }} '''सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ''' (जन्म: २०४५ कात्तिक २) एक नेपाली अभिनेत्री, मोडल<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shristi Shrestha |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8619216/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref> तथा [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]]को सुन्दरी प्रतियोगिताकी विजेता हुन्। [[बेलायत]]मा तीन वर्ष मोडलिङ गरेकी सृष्टिले सन् २०१२‎ को मिस नेपाल प्रतियोगिता जित्नुका साथै सन् २०१२‎ को विश्व सुन्दरी प्रतियोगितामा क्वार्टर फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा तय गरेकी थिइन्। ==अभिनय जीवन== === सुन्दरी प्रतियोगिता === श्रेष्ठले [[मिस चितवन]] २०१२ को रूपमा [[मिस नेपाल २०१२]] सुन्दरी प्रतियोगितामा आफ्नो गृह जिल्ला [[चितवन जिल्ला|चितवन]]को प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। उनले मिस नेपालको मुख्य उपाधिका साथै मिस कन्फिडेन्सको उपाधि पनि जितेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pahilopost.com/content/-34927.html |title=पूर्व मिस नेपाल सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ अस्पतालमा |website=पहिलोपोस्ट |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/arts/25563-1336304607.html |title=सृष्टि श्रेष्ठले जितिन् मिस नेपालको उपाधि (फोटो फिचर र भिडियोसहित) |website=नागरिक न्युज |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lokaantar.com/story/17292/2017/11/6/w9c0JxgKOE |title=मिस नेपाल सृष्टि श्रेष्ठले अपरेशनपछि फ्यानलाई दिइन् धन्यवाद |website=लोकान्तर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-12-09}}</ref> श्रेष्ठ [[मिस वर्ल्ड]]को क्वार्टर फाइनलसम्म पुग्ने पहिलो [[मिस नेपाल]] हुन्; उनले समग्रमा २०औँ स्थान हासिल गरेकी थिइन्। उनी बिच ब्युटीमा आठौँ स्थान हासिल गर्दै मल्टिमिडिया अवार्डका लागि उत्कृष्ट दस प्रतियोगीहरूमध्ये एक बनेकी थिइन्। उनले मिस वर्ल्ड प्रतियोगितामा पब्लिक च्वाइस अवार्ड पनि जितेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nepal |first=Anand |date=18 August 2012 |title=Miss World 2012 is Miss China, Shristi top 10 in Beach Beauty |url=http://xnepali.net/miss-world-2012-is-miss-china-shristi-top-10-in-beach-beauty/ |access-date=30 June 2016 |website=xnepali.net |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === अभिनय === उनको अभिनय यात्राको सुरुवात [[अनमोल केसी]]सँगै नेपाली चलचित्र ''[[गाजलु]]''बाट भएको हो। उनले [[विलियम सेक्सपियर]]को नाटक ''[[ह्यामलेट]]''मा [[ओफेलिया]]को भूमिकाबाट रङ्गमञ्चमा पदार्पण गरेकी थिइन्। [[काठमाडौँ]]को थिएटर भिजेलमा एक महिनासम्म मञ्चन गरिएको यो नाटकको निर्माण [[ब्रिटिस काउन्सिल]]ले गरेको थियो भने निर्देशन ग्रेगरी थोमसनले गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2019 |title=रिलिज डेट तोक्दै सार्दै निर्माता |work=अनलाइन खबर |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/653614 |access-date=6 July 2018}}</ref> == पुरस्कारहरू == श्रेष्ठले [[राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार]], [[कामना फिल्म अवार्ड]], डिसिने अवार्ड्स र फान पुरस्कारबाट उत्कृष्ट नवअभिनेत्री पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shristi Shrestha |url=https://www.lensnepal.com/profile/shristi-shrestha/awards.html |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Lens Nepal}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == श्रेष्ठ [[विश्व वन्यजन्तु कोष]] नेपालका लागि सातौँ युवा संरक्षण राजदूत हुन्<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=Miss Nepal 2012 Shristi Shrestha is WWF's Young Conservation Ambassador |url=https://wwf.panda.org/?unewsid=205581 |access-date=7 January 2020 |website=WWF}}</ref> र उनी संस्थाभित्र [[हिउँ चितुवा]] वन्यजन्तु संरक्षण परियोजनाहरूमा संलग्न छिन्।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2012 |title=Shristi Shrestha the Seventh 'Young Conservation Ambassador' |url=http://fridayweekly.com.np/hall-of-frame/shristi-shrestha-the-seventh-young-conservation-ambassador |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107041646/http://fridayweekly.com.np/hall-of-frame/shristi-shrestha-the-seventh-young-conservation-ambassador |archive-date=7 January 2020 |access-date=7 January 2020 |website=Friday Weekly }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107041646/http://fridayweekly.com.np/hall-of-frame/shristi-shrestha-the-seventh-young-conservation-ambassador |date=7 January 2020 }}</ref> उनी सन् २०१६ देखि २०२३ को सुरुवातसम्म अभिनेता [[सौगात मल्ल]]सँग प्रेम सम्बन्धमा थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-03-31 |title=No more camaraderie as relationship breaks |url=https://en.nepalkhabar.com/news/detail/3474/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Nepal Khabar |language=en-gb}}</ref> === अभिनित चलचित्रहरू === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! वर्ष (सन्) ! शीर्षक ! भूमिका ! निर्देशक ! टिप्पणी |- | २०१६ | ''[[गाजलु]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2016 |title=Gajalu: Exploring relationship |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/gajalu-exploring-relationship |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=[[द हिमालयन टाइम्स]]}}</ref> | सुजाता शाक्य | हेमराज बिसी | |- |rowspan="2"|२०१८ |''रोमियो एन्ड मुना''<ref>{{Cite web |last=गौतम |first=गोकर्ण |date=2018-07-27 |title=औसत माथिको लभ स्टोरी फिल्म समीक्षा : रोमियो एन्ड मुना |url=https://nepalmag.com.np/art/2018/07/27/20180727200450 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528023639/https://nepalmag.com.np/art/2018/07/27/20180727200450 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[नेपाल (पत्रिका)|नेपाल म्यागजिन]] |language=ne}}</ref> |मुना |नरेश कुमार केसी | |- |'' बाँधा मायाले'' |श्रद्धा |शबिर श्रेष्ठ | |- |rowspan="2"|२०१९ | ''पोइ पर्यो काले''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Abhimanyu |date=2019-11-02 |title=Beauty might not be superficial but this film is |url=http://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/11/02/beauty-might-not-be-superficial-but-this-film-is |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812002626/https://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/11/02/beauty-might-not-be-superficial-but-this-film-is |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट]] |language=English}}</ref> | | शिशिर राणा | |- | ''माछा माछा'' | | सुनिल गुरुङ |नृत्य |- | rowspan="3"|२०२२ | ''[[चिसो एस्ट्रे]]'' |सलिन्ता | दिन्स पाल्पाली | |- |''राधा'' |राधा |सुवर्ण थापा | |- |''माइकल अधिकारी'' | | | |- | २०२३ | ''द रेड सुटकेस'' | | फिडेल देवकोटा | |- |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{Succession box | before=[[मलिना जोशी]]<br>({{Flag|नेपाल}}) | title=[[मिस नेपाल|मिस नेपाल वर्ल्ड]] | years=२०१२ | after=[[इशानी श्रेष्ठ]]<br>({{Flag|नेपाल}}) }} {{S-end}} {{मिस नेपाल}} {{Commonscat|Shristi Shrestha|सृष्टी श्रेष्ठ}} [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८८ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:मिस नेपाल विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:चितवन जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८९ मा जन्म]] m9diy3z115mqzbwplm1tk2cwk4881x0 0 52093 1368118 1311230 2026-07-31T11:02:19Z Saroj 31493 Sarojद्वारा [[रहर(दाल)]] पृष्ठलाई [[रहर (दाल)]]मा सारियो 1311230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Pigeon pea |image = Guandu.jpg |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Fabales]] |familia = [[Fabaceae]] |genus = ''[[Cajanus]]'' |species = '''''C. cajan''''' |binomial = ''Cajanus cajan'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) Millsp. |}} [[Image:Cajanus cajan.jpg|thumb|220px|यो एउटा बहुवर्षीय बुट्यान हो]] [[Image:Cajanus cajan Steve Hurst 1.jpg|thumb|220px|रहर दाल]] [[File:Cajanus cajan MHNT.BOT.2015.2.47.jpg|thumb|220px|''Cajanus cajan'']] '''रहर''' एक दलहन बाली हो । {{Commonscat|Cajanus cajan}} [[श्रेणी:दलहन]] [[श्रेणी:फूल फुल्ने वनस्पति]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा पाइने वनस्पतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कृषि]] [[श्रेणी:औषधि]] pcn6jnwtalmqz3z3lcpys5z3p58b6cc 0 53225 1368090 1310829 2026-07-31T08:10:36Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|सोह्रौँ शताब्दीकी हिन्दु रहस्यवादी कवयित्री}} {{Infobox religious biography | name = मीरा बाई | other_names = {{ubl|''• मीरा''|''• मीराबाई''|• प्रेमल (बाल्यकालको नाम)|• जोदा (जन्म नाम)}} | image = Kangra painting of Mirabai, the female Bhakti saint.jpg | caption = [[वीणा]] बजाउँदै गरेकी मीराबाईको [[काँगडा चित्रकला]] | birth_name = प्रेमल | birth_date = {{Birth-date|1498}}<ref name=tushomaniralife>Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-8126004119}}, pages 1-15</ref> | birth_place = [[कुडकी]], [[मारवाड राज्य]] <br> {{small|(वर्तमान) [[राजस्थान]], [[भारत]]}} | death_date = अनु. {{death date and age|1546|1498}} | death_place = [[द्वारका]] <br> {{small| (वर्तमान) [[गुजरात]], भारत}} | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[भोजराज|भोजराज सिंह सिसौदिया]]|1516|1521|reason=मृत्यु}} | known_for = कविताहरू, [[कृष्ण]]प्रतिको [[भक्ति]] | honorific_prefix = [[सन्त]] | father = राव रतन सिंह राठोड | dynasty = [[राठोड राजवंश|राठोड]] (जन्मद्वारा) <br/>[[सिसौदिया राजवंश|सिसौदिया]] (विवाहद्वारा) | mother = वीर कँवर }} '''मीरा''', जसलाई '''मीरा बाई'''को नामले बढी चिनिन्छ,<ref name=brit1>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mira Bai|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mira-Bai|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=30 July 2015|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204010342/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mira-Bai|url-status=live}}</ref> र '''[[सन्त]] मीराबाई'''का रूपमा पूजनीय छिन्, १६औँ शताब्दीकी एक [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] [[रहस्यवाद|रहस्यवादी]] कवयित्री र भगवान् [[कृष्ण]]की भक्त थिइन्। उनी विशेष गरी उत्तर भारतीय हिन्दु परम्परामा एक प्रसिद्ध [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] सन्त हुन्।<ref>Karen Pechelis (2004), The Graceful Guru, [[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|978-0195145373}}, pages 21-23, 29-30</ref><ref>Neeti Sadarangani (2004), Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact, Sarup & Sons, {{ISBN|978-8176254366}}, pages 76-80</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ryan|first1=James D.|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|last2=Jones|first2=Constance|publisher=Infobase Publishing | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780816075645 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&dq=Meerabai&pg=PA290 | pages = 290}}</ref> उनको उल्लेख '[[भक्तमाल]]' मा गरिएको छ, जसले सन् १६०० सम्ममा उनी भक्ति आन्दोलनकी एक व्यापक रूपमा परिचित र प्रिय व्यक्तित्व भइसकेकी थिइन् भन्ने पुष्टि गर्दछ।<ref name="asher">Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot (2006), India before Europe, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0521809047}}, page 109</ref><ref>Annals And Antiquities of Rajasthan Vol. 1 Page no. 75</ref> आफ्ना कविताहरूमा उनले कृष्णप्रतिको 'माधुर्य भाव' व्यक्त गरेकी छिन्। मीराबाईका बारेमा रहेका धेरैजसो दन्तकथाहरूमा सामाजिक र पारिवारिक मान्यताहरूप्रतिको उनको निडर उपेक्षा, कृष्णप्रतिको उनको अनन्य भक्ति, र उनको धार्मिक भक्तिका कारण घरपरिवारका सदस्यहरूबाट उनले भोग्नुपरेको उत्पीडनको उल्लेख पाइन्छ।<ref name="tushomaniralife" /><ref name="asher" /> उनका घरका मानिसहरूलाई सङ्गीतप्रतिको उनको लगाव कहिल्यै मन परेन, जसको माध्यमबाट उनी आफ्नो भक्ति व्यक्त गर्थिन्, र उनीहरू यसलाई उच्च जातिका मानिसहरूका लागि अपमान ठान्थे। उनका घरका मानिसहरूमध्ये उनका पतिले मात्र उनलाई भक्तिमा माया र समर्थन गरेका थिए भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ, जबकि कतिपयले उनका पतिले पनि विरोध गरेको मान्छन्। उनी धेरै लोककथा र पौराणिक कथाहरूको विषय बनेकी छिन्, जुन विवरणहरूमा भने फरक वा असमान छन्। दन्तकथा अनुसार, जब उनका घरका मानिसहरूले विष दिएर उनको हत्या गर्ने प्रयास गरे, तब मीराबाईले कृष्णको दिव्य संरक्षणमा विश्वास राख्दै कृष्णको [[मूर्ति]]मा पवित्र धागो बाँधेकी थिइन्, जसका कारण उनी दिव्य चमत्कारद्वारा बचेकी थिइन्। यो दन्तकथालाई कहिलेकाहीँ कृष्णको मूर्तिमा '[[रक्षाबन्धन|राखी]]' बाँध्ने परम्पराको सुरुवातका रूपमा पनि उद्धृत गरिन्छ।<ref name="tushomaniralife" /><ref name="nancy">Nancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195352771}}, pages 162-178</ref> भारतीय परम्परामा कृष्णको भक्तिपूर्ण प्रशंसामा रचिएका लाखौँ भजनहरू मीराबाईका नाममा जोडिएका छन्, तर विद्वानहरूका अनुसार केही सय मात्र प्रामाणिक मानिन्छन्। प्रारम्भिक लिखित अभिलेखहरूले दुईवटा भजनबाहेक धेरैजसो १८औँ शताब्दीमा मात्र पहिलो पटक टिपोट गरिएको देखाउँछन्।<ref name="hawley">John Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195151381}}, pages 301-302</ref> मीरा बाईका नाममा रहेका धेरै कविताहरू पछि मीरा बाईको प्रशंसा गर्ने अन्य व्यक्तिहरूद्वारा रचना गरिएका हुन्। यी भजनहरू [[भजन]]का रूप हुन् र सम्पूर्ण भारतभरि नै धेरै प्रसिद्ध छन्।<ref>Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195148923}}, page 254</ref> [[चित्तौडगढ किल्ला]] भित्र रहेको मन्दिर लगायतका केही हिन्दु मन्दिरहरू मीराबाईको स्मृतिमा समर्पित छन्।<ref name="tushomaniralife" /> मीराबाईको जीवनका दन्तकथाहरू, जसको प्रामाणिकता विवादित छ, आधुनिक समयमा चलचित्र, नाटक, कमिक स्ट्रिप र अन्य लोकप्रिय साहित्यका विषय बनेका छन्।<ref>Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195148923}}, page 242</ref> == जीवनी == [[File:Rajasthan-Chittore Garh 09.jpg|thumb|left|230px|राजस्थानको [[चित्तौडगढ किल्ला|चित्तौडगढ]]मा रहेको मीराबाईको [[कृष्ण]] मन्दिर]] मीराबाईका बारेमा प्राथमिक अभिलेखहरू उपलब्ध छैनन्, र विद्वानहरूले उनको उल्लेख गर्ने माध्यमिक साहित्यबाट मीराको जीवनी तयार पार्ने प्रयास गरेका छन्। मीराबाईको जन्म [[कुडकी]] (वर्तमान राजस्थानको [[ब्यावर जिल्ला]]) मा एक [[राठोड राजवंश|राठोड राजपूत]] राजपरिवारमा भएको थियो, र उनको बाल्यकाल [[मेडता सहर|मेडता]]मा बितेको थियो। उनी रतन सिंह राठोडकी छोरी र मेडताका राव दुदाजीकी नातिनी थिइन्, जसले गर्दा उनी [[राव जोधा]]की पनातिनी र [[जैमल राठोड]]की काकाकी छोरी) हुन्।<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Founding of Sahitya Akademi |date=2018-10-08 |title=Independent India, 1947-2000 |pages=11 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315838212-36 |access-date=2024-02-09 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315838212-36 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |isbn=978-1-315-83821-2|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Pandey |first1=S. M. |last2=Zide |first2=Norman |date=1965 |title=Mīrābāī and Her Contributions to the Bhakti Movement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1061803 |journal=History of Religions |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=54–73 |doi=10.1086/462514 |jstor=1061803 |issn=0018-2710|url-access=subscription }}</ref> सन् १५१६ मा मीराबाईको [[मेवाड]]का युवराज [[भोजराज]]सँग मागी विवाहका रूपमा भएको थियो।<ref name="usha13">Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-8126004119}}, pages 12-13</ref> सन् १५१८ मा [[दिल्ली सल्तनत]]सँगको युद्धका क्रममा उनका पति घाइते भएका थिए र सन् १५२१ मा युद्धको चोटका कारण उनको मृत्यु भएक‍ो थियो। पहिलो [[मुगल साम्राज्य|मुगल सम्राट]] [[बाबर]]विरुद्धको [[खानवाको युद्ध]]मा पराजित भएको केही दिनपछि नै उनका पिता र ससुरा ([[राणा साङ्गा]]) दुवैको मृत्यु भएक‍ो थियो।<ref name=":1" /> राणा साङ्गाको मृत्युपछि विक्रम सिंह मेवाडका शासक बनेका थिए। एक प्रसिद्ध दन्तकथा अनुसार, उनका घरका मानिसहरूले धेरै पटक उनको हत्या गर्ने प्रयास गरेका थिए। यी प्रयासहरूमा मीराबाईलाई अमृत भन्दै विषको गिलास पठाउनु र फूलको सट्टा सर्प राखिएको टोकरी पठाउनु समावेश थिए।<ref name="brit1" /><ref name="usha13" /> पौराणिक कथाहरूका अनुसार, दुवै अवस्थामा उनलाई कुनै हानि भएन; फरक-फरक संस्करण अनुसार चमत्कारिक रूपमा सर्प कृष्णको मूर्ति वा फूलको मालामा परिणत भएको थियो।<ref name="nancy" /><ref name="usha13" /> यी दन्तकथाहरूको अर्को संस्करणमा, विक्रम सिंहले उनलाई आफू स्वयं पानीमा डुबेर मर्न भन्छन्। जब उनले त्यसो गर्ने प्रयास गर्छिन्, उनी पानीमा पौडिन मात्र थाल्छिन्।<ref name="usha17">Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|978-8126004119}}, pages 16-17</ref> अर्को एउटा दन्तकथा अनुसार तेस्रो मुगल सम्राट [[अकबर]] [[तानसेन]]सँगै मीराबाईलाई भेट्न आएका थिए र उनलाई मोतीको हार उपहार दिएका थिए। विद्वानहरू यस्तो भएकोमा शङ्का व्यक्त गर्दछन्, किनकि तानसेन मीराबाईको मृत्यु भएको १५ वर्षपछि अर्थात् सन् १५६२ मा मात्र अकबरको दरबारमा भर्ना भएका थिए।<ref name="usha17" /> त्यसै गरी, केही कथाहरूमा [[रविदास]] उनका [[गुरु]] (शिक्षक) थिए भनिएको छ, तर यसको पुष्टि गर्ने कुनै ऐतिहासिक प्रमाण छैन।<ref name="usha17" /><ref name=":0" /> सन् २०१४ सम्मको जानकारी अनुसार, मीराबाईको उल्लेख गर्ने तीनवटा सबैभन्दा पुराना अभिलेखहरू १७औँ शताब्दीका हुन् र मीराबाईको मृत्यु भएको १५० वर्षभित्र लेखिएका हुन्। ती कुनैमा पनि उनको बाल्यकाल, भोजराजसँगको उनको विवाहको परिस्थिति वा उनलाई उत्पीडन गर्ने मानिसहरू उनका घरका मानिसहरू वा कुनै राजपूत राजपरिवारका थिए भन्ने कुरा उल्लेख छैन।<ref>J. S. Hawley and G. S. Mann (2014), ''Culture and Circulation: Literature in Motion in Early Modern India'' (Editors: Thomas De Bruijn and Allison Busch), Brill Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004264472}}, pages 131-135</ref> अन्य कथाहरूमा मीराबाईले मेवाड राज्य छोडेर तीर्थयात्रामा गएको उल्लेख छ। आफ्ना अन्तिम वर्षहरूमा मीराबाई [[द्वारका]] वा [[वृन्दाबन]]मा बसोबास गरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ सन् १५४७ मा उनका देवरले विष दिएपछि कृष्णको मूर्तिमा लीन भएर उनी चमत्कारिक रूपमा गायब भएको दन्तकथाहरूमा उल्लेख छ।<ref name="tushomaniralife" /><ref name="brit1" /> ऐतिहासिक प्रमाणको अभावका कारण विद्वानहरूद्वारा चमत्कारहरूलाई अस्वीकार गरिए तापनि, मीराबाईले आफ्नो जीवन कृष्णप्रति समर्पित गरेकी थिइन्, भक्ति गीतहरू रचना गरेकी थिइन् र भक्ति आन्दोलन कालका सबभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण सन्त-कवयित्रीहरूमध्ये एक थिइन् भन्ने कुरा व्यापक रूपमा स्वीकार गरिएको छ।<ref name="brit1" /><ref name="usha17" /><ref>John S. Hawley (2005), ''Three Bhakti Voices: Mirabai, Surdas, and Kabir in Their Times and Ours'', Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195670851}}, pages 128-130</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भक्ति कालका कविहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88 Mirabai at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422125120/http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88 |date=2012-04-22 }} '''(Hindi)''' * [http://www.kamat.com/indica/faiths/bhakti/mirabai.htm Bridal Mysticism: Story of Meerabai] By Dr. Jyotsna Kamat * [http://www.vimeo.com/livingwisdomschool/mirabai Mirabai, Mystic Poet Princess of India] Theater Performance by Living Wisdom School {{Commonscat|Meera (Mirabai)|मीरा बाई}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु कविहरू]] poooa7ph0pt693m6gickfsuf5d1gre3 3 56096 1368003 1363826 2026-07-30T19:48:19Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* This Month in Education: July 2026 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1368003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box| search=yes| * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Nabin K. Sapkota/अभिलेख सङ्ग्रह १|अभिलेख सङ्ग्रह १]]}} {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Sita Namaste white.png|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb| सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}}जी''' समस्त [[विकिपीडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईंलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपीडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपीडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू संग्रहित हुन्छन्। *अहिले सम्म नेपाली विकिपीडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईं हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपीडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषा जत्तिकै धनी बनाऔं। *विकिपीडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईं पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा भएका लेखमा थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपीडियामा तपाईंको कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबै भन्दा पहिला दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपीडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेख हरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकिको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपीडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *प्रयोगको लागि [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईंले एउटा विकिपीडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि सहि गर्नुहोला। यसले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्टको लिङ्क र मिति लेखिदिन्छ। मलाई केही कुरा सोध्नु परेमा मेरो नाम पछि लेखिएको (वार्ता)मा थिचेर प्रश्न लेख्नु होला। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपीडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रवन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क गर्नुहोला। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|कुरा गर्ने]])</b> ०८:४२, ११ जुन २०१३ (युटिसी(UTC)) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> :: धन्यवाद [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] जी , म आफ्नो सक्दो सहभागिता जनाइ कार्यक्रम सफल पार्न सहयोग गर्ने धारणा अभिव्यक्त गर्न चाहन्छु ।-[[User:Nabin K. Sapkota|Nabin K. Sapkota]] ([[User talk:Nabin K. Sapkota|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४५, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at 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बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> ==[[:अक्षता अधिकारी]]लाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेटाउने]]== [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice that [[:अक्षता अधिकारी]], a page that you created, has been deleted. This has been done under two or more of the [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|criteria for speedy deletion]], by which pages can be deleted at any time, without discussion. As the page met any of these strictly-defined criteria, it was deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been deleted are: *The page appeared to have no meaningful content or history, and the text was unsalvageably incoherent. (See [[WP:CSD#G1|section G1 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) If the page you created was a test, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any other experiments you would like to do. *It appeared to be a test page. (See [[WP:CSD#G2|section G2 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome page]] if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. *It was unambiguous vandalism or an obvious hoax. (See [[WP:CSD#G3|section G3 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Please do not introduce inappropriate pages to Wikipedia. Doing so is considered to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and is prohibited. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Repeated vandalism may result in the '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|loss of editing privileges]]'''. *It appeared to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a [[Wikipedia:Deletion debates|deletion discussion]], such as at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion|articles for deletion]]. (See [[WP:CSD#G4|section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) 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If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you ''must'' verify that externally by one of the processes explained at [[Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials]]. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see [[Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission]] for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|Wikipedia's copyright policy]] for more details, or ask a question [[Wikipedia:Help desk|here]]. * It was a draft which had not been edited in over six months. (See [[WP:CSD#G13|section G13 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) * It was a disambiguation page which either: disambiguated only one extant Wikipedia page and whose title ended in "(disambiguation)"; or disambiguated zero extant Wikipedia pages, regardless of its title. (See [[WP:CSD#G14|section G14 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was a very short article that provided little or no context to the reader. (See [[WP:CSD#A1|section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Please see [[Wikipedia:Stub#Essential information about stubs|Wikipedia:Stub]] for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on [[Wikipedia:Notability|notable]] subjects and should provide references to [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable sources]] that [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verify]] their content. *It appeared to have the same content as an article that exists on another [[Wikimedia]] project. This may be because it was copied and pasted from that article, or because it was [[m:transwiki|transwikied]] from the English Wikipedia to another project. (See [[WP:CSD#A2|section A2 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) To learn about requests for, and coordination of, translations from [[m:List of Wikipedias|foreign-language Wikipedias]] into English, please see [[Wikipedia:Translation]]. *It was an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consisted only of external links, a "See also" section, book references, category tags, template tags, interwiki links, a rephrasing of the title, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. (See [[WP:CSD#A3|section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Wikipedia has standards for the minimum necessary information to be included in short articles; you can see these at [[Wikipedia:Stub#Essential information about stubs|Wikipedia:Stub]]. Also please note that articles must be on [[Wikipedia:Notability|notable]] subjects and should provide references to [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable sources]] that [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verify]] their content. *It consisted of a dictionary definition or other article that has been [[m:Help:Transwiki|transwikied]] to another project and the author information recorded. (See [[WP:CSD#A5|section A5 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It appeared to be about a person, organization (band, club, company, ''etc.''), individual animal, or web content, but it did not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. (See [[WP:CSD#A7|section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Such articles may be deleted at any time. Please [[Wikipedia:Notability|see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable]]. *It appeared to be about a musical recording which did not indicate why its subject is important or significant, and where the artist's article has never existed, has been deleted, or is eligible for deletion itself. (See [[WP:CSD#A9|section A9 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Such articles may be deleted at any time. Please [[Wikipedia:Notability|see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable]], as well as our subject-specific [[Wikipedia:Notability (music)|notability guideline for music]]. *It covered a topic on which we already have an article - '''[[:{{{article}}}]]'''. (See [[WP:CSD#A10|section A10 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) Please note that this is not a comment on you personally and we hope you will continue helping to improve Wikipedia. If the topic of the article you created is one that interests you, then perhaps you would like to help out at [[:{{{article}}}]], or to discuss new information at [[Talk:{{{article}}}|the article's talk page]]. *It appeared to be about [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not for things made up one day|something made up]], and it did not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. (See [[WP:CSD#A11|section A11 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *The image was an unused redundant copy (all pixels the same or scaled down) of an image in the same file format, which is on Wikipedia (not on Commons), and all inward links were updated. (See [[WP:CSD#F1|section F1 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was an image page for a missing or corrupt image or an empty image description page for a Commons-hosted image. (See [[WP:CSD#F2|section F2 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was an image licensed as "for non-commercial use only," "non-derivative use" or "used with permission," it had not been shown to comply with the limited standards for the use of [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|non-free content]] [http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-May/023760.html], and it was either uploaded on or after 2005-05-19, or was not used in any articles. (See [[WP:CSD#F3|section F3 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) If you agree with the deletion, there is no need to do anything. If, however, you believe that this image may be retained on Wikipedia under one of the [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags|permitted conditions]] then you should contact the deleting administrator and do two things. First, please state clearly the source of the image. If it has been copied from elsewhere on the web you should provide links to: the image itself, the page which uses it and the page which contains the license conditions. Second, please provide the relevant [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags|copyright tag]]. *It was a [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|non-free file]] with a clearly invalid licensing tag; or it otherwise failed some part of the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria|non-free content criteria]]. (See [[WP:CSD#F7|section F7 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) If you can find a valid tag that expresses why the file could be used under the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|fair use guidelines]], you can re-upload it, but you must ensure you place the correct tag on it. If no such tag exists, please add the {{tlp|1=non-free fair use in|2=article name that the file is used in}} tag, ''along with'' a brief explanation of why this constitutes fair use of the file. *The image appeared to be a blatant [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|copyright]] infringement. (See [[WP:CSD#F9|section F9 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted images or text borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition has been deleted. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators '''will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked from editing]]'''. *It was a file that is not an image, sound file or video clip (e.g. a [[Microsoft Word|Word document]] or [[Portable Document Format|PDF file]]) that has no encyclopedic use. (See [[WP:CSD#F10|section F10 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *The category had been empty for seven days or more and it was not presently under discussion at [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion|Categories for discussion]], or at [[:Category:Disambiguation categories|disambiguation categories]]. (See [[WP:CSD#C1|section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It contained a gallery in the [[Wikipedia:User page|userspace]] which consisted chiefly of [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|fair use or non-free images]]. (See [[WP:CSD#U3|section U3 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) For legal reasons, we cannot allow non-free and copyrighted images to be used on user pages, and user pages containing galleries of such images may be eligible for speedy deletion. *It appeared to consist of writings, information, discussions, and/or activities not closely related to Wikipedia's goals. Please note that [[WP:NOTWEBHOST|Wikipedia is not a free Web hosting service]]. (See [[WP:CSD#U5|section U5 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was a redirect to an article talk page, image description page, image talk page, mediawiki page, mediawiki talk page, category talk page, portal talk page, template talk page, help talk, user page, or user talk page from the article space. (See [[WP:CSD#R|section R2 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was a recently created redirect from an implausible typo or misnomer. (See [[WP:CSD#R3|section R3 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was a file namespace redirect shadowing [[commons:अक्षता अधिकारी|a file on Commons]] with no incoming links. (See [[WP:CSD#R4|section R4 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was a portal which would have been subject to [[WP:CSD#Articles|speedy deletion]] had it been an article. (See [[WP:CSD#P1|section P1 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) *It was a portal based on a topic for which there is no non-stub header article, and there are not at least three non-stub articles detailing subject matter that would be appropriate to discuss under the title of that portal. (See [[WP:CSD#P2|section P2 of the criteria for speedy deletion]].) कृपया यी चिन्ताहरूलाई सम्बोधन नगरीकन सामग्री पुन: सृजना नगर्नुहोला, तर [[विकिपिडिया:नीतिहरूको सूची|विकिपिडियाका नीतिहरू तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ यो पृष्ठ यस कारणले मेटाइनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80|सम्पर्क गर्नुहोस्}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिले नै त्यसो गरिसक्नु भएको भए, तपाईँ [[विकिपीडिया:मेटाउने समीक्षा]]मा छलफल खोल्न सक्नुहुन्छ। [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] १७:१९, २३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == Thank you for being a medical translator! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Translators Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&project=all&year=2024&start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We look forwards to working together in 2025. |} Thanks again :-) -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James <span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' १२:३९, २६ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Translators_2024&oldid=28173086 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:०१, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५५, २ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == Belated Wiki Anniversary Wishes 🎉 == [[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]] Dear [[User:Nabin K. Sapkota|Nabin K. Sapkota]], Your wiki anniversary was '''24 days''' ago, marking '''12 years''' of dedicated service! I wanted to extend a heartfelt thanks for your amazing contributions. With over '''29,425''' edits, your dedication is an inspiration to the community. Wishing you all the best for the year ahead! ''Use this [https://suyashdwivedi.github.io/Wiki_Tools/Wiki_Anniversary.html '''Tool'''] to send wiki anniversary wishes to other amazing Wikimedians.'' -- [[User:Suyash.dwivedi|Suyash.dwivedi]] ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०८, १५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ११:५०, २ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:३१, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:०७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:११, २९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:४०, ३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १६:०६, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४६, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:३८, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:००, २८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०१:३३, ३१ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> qzkgwhtynjmmcom80isewoq8hsoxx05 0 57122 1367985 1264360 2026-07-30T16:09:07Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367985 wikitext text/x-wiki रातो-वल्ट गरिएको ल्यापविङ (भ्यानेलस इन्डिकुस) एक एसियाली ल्यापविङ वा ठुलो प्लोभर हो, चारडिरिडे परिवारमा एक वेडर हो। अन्य ल्यापविङ्हरू जस्तै तिनीहरू जमिनमा पर्ने चराहरू हुन् जो पर्चिङ गर्न असमर्थ हुन्छन्। तिनीहरूको विशेषता चर्को अलार्म कलहरू मानव वा जनावरहरूको चालको सूचकहरू हुन् र आवाजहरू विभिन्न रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ जस्तो कि उनले गरे वा यो गर्न दया को बोलचालको नामको लागि अग्रणी छ। सामान्यतया पानीबाट टाढा जोडी वा साना समूहहरूमा देखिन्छ, तिनीहरू कहिलेकाहीँ गैर-प्रजनन मौसम (जाडो) मा ठूलो एकत्रीकरण बनाउँछन्। तिनीहरू तिनदेखि चारवटा छापिएका अन्डा हालेर जमिनमा घुम्छन्। घोंसला नजिकका वयस्कहरू वरिपरि उड्छन्, सम्भावित शिकारीहरूमा डाइभिङ गर्दा शोर बोल्छन्। गुप्त ढाँचाका बच्चाहरू फुटे र तुरुन्तै आफ्ना आमाबाबुलाई खान्न पछ्याउँछन्, जमिनमा तल झरेर वा खतरामा परेमा घाँसमा लुकेका हुन्छन्।<ref name="marchant">{{Cite book|title=Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world}}</ref> == वर्गीकरण == परम्परागत रूपमा देशी शिकारीहरूलाई राम्रोसँग थाहा छ, रातो-वल्टल ल्यापविंग पहिलो पटक फ्रान्सेली बहुश्रुत जर्ज-लुइस लेक्लर्क, कोम्टे डे बफनले सन् १७८१ मा आफ्नो हिस्टोइर नेचरले डेस ओइसेक्समा वर्णन गरेका थिए। बफनको पाठको साथमा एडमे-लुइस डाउबेन्टन पर्यवेक्षणमा उत्पादित प्लान्चेस एनल्युमिनियस डी हिस्टोइर नेचरलमा फ्रान्कोइस-निकोलस मार्टिनेट कुँदिएको हात-रङ्गीन प्लेटमा पनि चरालाई चित्रण गरिएको थियो। न त प्लेट र न त बफनको वर्णनमा वैज्ञानिक नाम समावेश थियो तर सन् १७८३ मा डच प्रकृतिविद् पिटर बोडेर्टले आफ्नो प्लान्चेस एनल्युमिनियसको क्याटलगमा [[द्विपदीय नामकरण पद्धति|द्विपदी नाम]] ट्रिङ्गा इन्डिका प्रयोग गरे। यस प्रकारको स्थान पश्चिमी भारतको [[गोवा]] हो। पछि यसलाई भ्या''भानेलस'' विलय हुनु अघि ''सार्कोग्रामस'' र ''लोबिभनेलस'' जस्ता अन्य विभिन्न जेनेरा मा राखिएको थियो जुन सन् १७६० मा फ्रान्सेली प्राणीशास्त्री माथुरिन ज्याक ब्रिसन निर्माण गरेका थिए। भ्यानेलस "ल्यापविङ" का लागि मध्यकालीन ल्याटिन हो। यो ल्याटिन भ्यानसको सानो शब्द हो जसको अर्थ "विन्नोइङ" वा "फ्यान" हो। विशिष्ट विशेषण ''इन्डिकस'' ल्याटिनमा "भारत" को लागि हो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names|url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling|location=London}}</ref> तिनीहरूको विस्तृत दायरामा त्यहाँ पिसाबमा थोरै भिन्नताहरू छन् र त्यहाँ चार मान्यता प्राप्त उप-प्रजातिहरू छन्ः <ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |year=2019 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |title=Grebes, flamingos, buttonquail, plovers, painted-snipes, jacanas, plains-wanderer, seedsnipes |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/grebes/ |access-date=26 June 2019 |website=World Bird List Version 9.2 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> * ''वी. आई. ऐग्नेरी'' (लाब्मन, सन् १९१३-दक्षिणपूर्वी टर्की देखि पाकिस्तान * V. i. इन्डिकस (बोड्डर्ट, सन् १७८३-मध्य पाकिस्तानदेखि नेपाल, उत्तरपूर्वी भारत र बङ्गलादेश * ''वी. आई. लन्के'' (कोएल्ज, १९३९-श्रीलङ्का) * v. i. atronuchalis (जेर्डन, १८६४) -उत्तरपूर्वी भारत देखि दक्षिण चीन, दक्षिणपूर्वी एशिया, मलय प्रायद्वीप र उत्तरी सुमात्रा <gallery mode="packed" heights="180px"> चित्र:Red-wattled_lapwing-wings-spread-tail-hyderabad-India.jpg|हुटिट्याउँको सेतो कालो र खैरो रङका पखेटाका प्वाँहरु चित्र:Vanellus_indicus.jpg|टर्कीमा एक खालको हुटिट्याउँ चित्र:Vanellus_indicus_-_Laem_Phak_Bia.jpg|थाइल्याण्डको अर्को खालको हुटिट्याउँ चित्र:Red-wattled_lapwing_(Vanellus_indicus_lankae).jpg|श्रीलंकाको हुटिट्याउँ </gallery>रातो-वल्ट गरिएको हुटिट्याउँहरु ठुला {{Convert|35|cm|in|abbr=on}} सेन्टिमिटर (१४ इन्च लामा हुन्छन्। पंखहरू र पछाडि बैजनीदेखि हरियो चमकसहित हल्का खैरो हुन्छ, तर टाउको, घाँटीको अगाडि र पछाडि कालो हुन्छ। घाँटीदेखि मुकुटको छेउमा रहेको पेट र पुच्छरबाट यी दुई रङहरू बिच स्पष्ट रूपमा सेतो प्याच चल्छ। छोटो पुच्छर कालो उठेको हुन्छ। प्रत्येक आँखाको अगाडि रातो मांसल गलैँचा, कालो टिप भएको रातो बिल र लामो खुट्टा पहेँलो हुन्छन्। उडानमा, माध्यमिक आवरणहरूमा सेतोले बनाएको प्रमुख सेतो विंग बारहरू।<ref name="hbk">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan}}</ref> रेस ऐग्नेरी थोरै पहेँलो र मनोनीत जातिभन्दा ठुलो हुन्छ र टर्की, इरान, इराक, अफगानिस्तान र सिन्धु उपत्यकामा पाइन्छ। मनोनीत दौड भारतभरि पाइन्छ। श्रीलङ्काली जाति ''लन्के'' सानो र गाढा हुन्छ जबकि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारत र पूर्वी बङ्गलादेशको दौड ''एट्रोनाचलिस'' सेतो गाल कालोले घेरिएको हुन्छ।<ref name="ras">{{Cite book|title=Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide}}</ref> पुरुष र महिलाहरू पिसाबमा समान हुन्छन् तर पुरुषहरूको 5%लामो पखेटा हुन्छ र लामो कार्पल स्पर हुन्छ। चराहरूको लम्बाइ ३२०-३५० मिमी, २०८-२४७ मिमीको प्वाँख जसमा मनोनीत औसत २२३ मिमी, श्रीलङ्कामा २१७ मिमी पाइन्छ। पुच्छर ३१-३६ मिमी र ७०-८३ मिमीको टार्सस हुन्छ । पुच्छरको लम्बाइ १०४-१२८ मिमी हुन्छ।&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ref name="marchant">{{Cite book|title=Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world}}</ref> यसले सामान्यतया राम्रो पानीले भरिएको खुला देश, जोताइ गरिएको खेत, चराउने जमिन, र किनार र ट्याङ्की र खप्परहरूको सुख्खा ओछ्यानहरूमा जोडी वा ट्राइओमा राख्छ। तिनीहरू कहिलेकाहीँ २६ देखि २०० चराहरू सम्मका ठुला बगालाहरू बनाउँछन्। यो वर्षाले भरिएको डिप्रेसन वरपरको वन सफाईमा पनि पाइन्छ। यो छोटो स्पर्टहरूमा चल्छ र तिरछा रूपमा अगाडि डुब्छ (एक विशिष्ट प्लोभर तरिकामा खाना लिनको लागि अनफ्लक्स खुट्टाहरूसहित) । तिनीहरू पूर्णिमा वरिपरि विशेष गरी सक्रिय भएर रातमा खाने भनिन्छ। दिन वा रातमा अस्वाभाविक रूपमा र निरन्तर सतर्क हुन्छ, र घुसपैठ पत्ता लगाउने र अलार्म उठाउने पहिलो हो, र त्यसैले शिकारीहरूद्वारा उपद्रव मानिन्थ्यो। उडान अपेक्षाकृत ढिलो, जानाजानी फ्ल्यापको साथ, तर घोंसला रक्षा गर्दा वा बाजद्वारा सिकार गर्दा उल्लेखनीय चपलता गर्न सक्षम छ।<ref name="hbk">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan}}</ref> यसको आकर्षक उपस्थिति यसको शोर प्रकृतिले पूरक छ, एक चर्को र डरलाग्दो-उसले-गऱ्यो-यो कल, दिन र रात दुवैमा उच्चारण गरिन्छ।<ref name="ras">{{Cite book|title=Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide}}</ref> लिउसिस्टिक असामान्य पिसाबहरू उल्लेख गरिएको छ ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mehra SP |last2=N Singh |last3=S Mehra |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=Sighting of a partially albino Red-wattled Lapwing ''Vanellus indicus'' in Udaipur, Rajasthan |journal=Indian Birds |volume=4 |issue=3 |page=120}}</ref> स्थानीय नामहरू मूल रूपमा ओनोमेटोपोइक हुन् र यसमा तिताहरी (हिन्दीः तितावी (मराठीः तितबीहा) (कन्नडः ततीहर (सिन्धीः तितोदी) (गुजरातीः हतातुत (कस्मिरीः बालिघोरा (असमियाः येन्नाप्पा चितावा (तेलुगुः आल-काटी (तमिल, अर्थ "मानव सूचक") समावेश छ। == वितरण == यो पश्चिम एसिया ([[इराक]], दक्षिणपश्चिम [[इरान]], पर्सियन गल्फ) बाट दक्षिण एसिया ([[बलुचिस्तान]], [[श्रीलङ्का]], अफगानिस्तान, [[पाकिस्तान]], सम्पूर्ण [[भारत|भारतीय]] उपमहाद्वीप [[कन्याकुमारी जिल्ला|कन्याकुमारी]] र कश्मीर/[[नेपाल]] १८०० मिटरसम्म दक्षिणपूर्व एसियामा अर्को उप-प्रजातिहरूसित प्रजनन गर्दछ। वसन्त र शरद ऋतुमा उचाइमा बसाइँ सर्न सक्छ (उदाहरणका लागि उत्तर [[बलुचिस्तान]] वा उत्तर पश्चिम [[पाकिस्तान]]) र आवश्यक आवासहरूको सिर्जना गर्दा मनसुनमा व्यापक रूपमा फैलिन्छ , तर धेरै जसो जनसंख्या निवासी हुन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saini, SS |year=1972 |title=Unexpected summer visitors in the Himalayas – Redwattled Lapwing |url=https://archive.org/stream/NLBW12#page/n100/mode/1up |journal=[[Newsletter for Birdwatchers]] |volume=12 |issue=8 |pages=5–6}}</ref> यो प्रजाति यसको पश्चिमी दायरामा घट्दै गइरहेको छ, तर दक्षिण एसियाका धेरै भागहरूमा प्रचुर मात्रामा पाइन्छ, यसको दायरामा लगभग कुनै पनि आर्द्रभूमि बासस्थानमा देखिन्छ। == व्यवहार र पारिस्थितिकी == प्रजननको मौसम मुख्यतया मार्चदेखि अगस्टसम्म हुन्छ। प्रेमालापमा पुरुषले आफ्नो पङ्खा फुफ्फुस्छ र आफ्नो चुचुरो माथितिर औंल्याउँछ। त्यसपछि पुरुषले महिलाको वरिपरि घुम्छ। धेरै पुरुषहरूले महिलाहरूलाई देखाउन सक्छन् र तिनीहरू एकसाथ नजिक हुन सक्छन्। अन्डा भूमिमा खियाउने वा डिप्रेसनमा राखिन्छ कहिलेकाहीँ कंकड, बाख्रा वा खरगोशको फोहराले घेरिएको हुन्छ। लगभग ३-४ कालो-ब्लोट गरिएको बफ अण्डाहरू औसतमा पेग-टप ([[wiktionary:pyriform|पाइरिफर्म]]) ४२x३० मिमी जस्तो आकारको हुन्छ। गुँडहरू फेला पार्न गाह्रो हुन्छ किनकि अण्डाहरू गुप्त रूपमा रङ्गीन हुन्छन् र सामान्यतया जमिनको ढाँचासँग मेल खान्छन्। आवासीय क्षेत्रहरूमा, तिनीहरू कहिलेकाहीँ छतको टुप्पोमा घोंसला बनाउँछन् तिनीहरू रेलवे ट्र्याकको रेलहरू बिचको ढुङ्गाहरूमा घोंसला बनाउने रेकर्ड गरिएको छ, वयस्कहरूले रेलहरू बित्दा घोंसला छोड्छन्। कृषि कार्यहरूद्वारा खतरामा परेका गुँडहरूलाई बिस्तारै अन्डा स्थानान्तरण गरेर हस्तचालित रूपमा स्थानान्तरण गरिएको छ। जब घोंसला बनाउँछन् तिनीहरूले बम डुबाउने वा सम्भावित शिकारीहरूलाई विचलित गर्ने प्रयास गर्नेछन्। नर र मादा दुवैले अन्डा इन्क्यूबेट गर्छन् र बिचलन प्रदर्शनहरू प्रयोग गरेर शिकारीहरूलाई घुमाउँछन् वा घोंसलालाई खतरा पुर्याउने कुनै पनि शाकाहारीहरूलाई रोक्नका लागि तिनीहरूको पाखाहरू फ्ल्यास गर्छन्। पुरुषहरूले विशेष गरी दिउँसोको तातो भागतिर घोंसलामा इन्क्यूबेट गर्ने महिलाहरूलाई राहत दिन्छन्। २८ देखि ३० दिनमा अण्डा फुटे। प्रजनन सफलता लगभग ४०% हुन्छ। नेवला, काग र चङ्गाको शिकारका कारण अन्डा मृत्युदर उच्च छ। चिकेनको मृत्युदर (८.३%) कम हुन्छ र पहिलो हप्ता पछि तिनीहरूको अस्तित्वमा सुधार हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Desai, JH |last2=Malhotra, AK |year=1976 |title=A note on incubation period and reproductive success of the Redwattled Lapwing, ''Vanellus indicus'' at Delhi Zoological Park |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48293395 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=392–394}}</ref> अन्य ल्यापविंगहरू जस्तै, तिनीहरूले आफ्ना बच्चाहरूलाई पानी प्रदान गर्न र तातो मौसममा अण्डाहरू चिसो पार्न आफ्नो पेटको पंखहरू भिजाउँछन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kalsi, R. S. |last2=S. Khera |name-list-style=amp |year=1990 |title=Growth and development of the Red-wattled Lapwing ''Vanellus indicus'' |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216750532 |journal=Stilt |volume=17 |pages=57–64}}</ref><gallery> चित्र:Vanellus_indicus_aigneri_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.147.1.jpg|''हुटिट्याउँको अण्डा'' चित्र:Vanellus_indicus_eggs_and_chicks.jpg|हुटिट्याउँको अण्डा र चल्ला.<ref name="hbk">{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan}}</ref> चित्र:Red_wattled_lapwing_immature.jpg|हुटिट्याउँको चल्ला चित्र:Red-wattled_lapwing_(juvenile).jpg|हुटिट्याउँ </gallery>तिनीहरू उपलब्ध हुँदा पानीको पोखरीमा नुहाउँछन् र प्रायः गुँड छोड्दा वा सम्भोग पछि समय बिताउँछन्। तिनीहरू कहिलेकाहीँ जमिनमा समतल पारिएको तारसी राखेर र अन्य समयमा एक खुट्टामा आराम गर्न सक्छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kalsi, RS |last2=Khera, S |year=1992 |title=Some observations on maintenance behaviour of the Red-wattled Lapwing ''Vanellus indicus'' (Boddaert) |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48732848 |journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]] |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=368–372}}</ref> स्वस्थ वयस्क चराहरूसँग थोरै शिकारीहरू हुन्छन् र बाज वा बाजहरूद्वारा पछ्याउँदा द्रुत र फुर्तिलो उडान गर्न सक्षम हुन्छन्। ह्यूग बी कोटले भारतीय भूवैज्ञानिकको प्रमाणको आधारमा चराको मासु अप्रिय भएको दाबी गरे जसले भोक लागेको बाघको बच्चाले उनीहरूको मासु खान अस्वीकार गरेको उल्लेख गरे। केही एन्डोपेरासिटिक टेपवर्म, नेमाटोड, र ट्रेमाटोडहरू प्रजातिहरूबाट वर्णन गरिएको छ। ओर्निथोब्याक्टेरियम राइनोट्र्याचेलद्वारा श्वासप्रश्वासको सङ्क्रमणका कारण हुने मृत्यु पाकिस्तानमा बन्दी चराहरूमा रेकर्ड गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umar, S. |last2=M. Iqbal |last3=A. H. Khan |last4=A. Mushtaq |last5=K. Aqil |last6=T. Jamil |last7=S. Asif |last8=N. Qamar |last9=A. Shahzad |last10=M. Younus |year=2017 |title=Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in red wattled lapwings (Vanellus indicus) in Pakistan – a case report. |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/274682 |journal=Vet. Arhiv |volume=87 |issue=5 |pages=641–648 |doi=10.24099/vet.arhiv.160519b |doi-access=free }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618142535/https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/274682 |date=2022-06-18 }}</ref> === आहार === हुटिट्याउँको आहारमा विभिन्न प्रकारका कीराहरू, घोंघा र अन्य अमेरुदण्डीहरू समावेश छन्, जसलाई प्रायः जमिनबाट छानिन्छ। तिनीहरूले केही अन्नहरू पनि खान सक्छन्। तिनीहरूले मुख्यतया दिनको समयमा खाना खान्छन् तर उनीहरूले रातमा पनि खाना खान सक्छन्। तिनीहरूले कहिलेकाहीँ नरम माटोबाट किराको शिकारलाई खलल पार्न खुट्टाको प्रयोग गर्न सक्छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Babi, AZ |year=1987 |title=Feeding behaviour of red-wattled lapwing |url=https://archive.org/stream/NLBW27#page/n15/mode/1up |journal=[[Newsletter for Birdwatchers]] |volume=27 |issue=1–2 |page=15}}</ref> == संस्कृतिमा == भारतका केही भागहरूमा, एउटा स्थानीय विश्वास छ कि चरा आफ्नो पिठ्युँमा खुट्टा माथि राखेर सुत्छ र सम्बन्धित हिन्दी रूपक ''तितहरी से अास्मान थामा जाएगा'' (कुना कुना स्वर्गलाई समर्थन गर्न सक्छ? राजस्थानका केही भागहरूमा उच्च भूमिमा ल्यापविंगद्वारा अन्डा हाल्नु राम्रो वर्षाको सङ्केत थियो भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ। अन्डा लोक चिकित्साका चिकित्सकहरूद्वारा सङ्कलन गरिएको मानिन्छ मालवाका भिलहरूले खोलाको सुख्खा ओछ्यानमा रातो-छालाको ल्यापविङ्सले अण्डा हाल्नु ढिलो वर्षा वा खडेरीको पूर्व चेतावनी हो भन्ने विश्वास गर्थे। अर्कोतर्फ किनारमा राखिएको अन्डा सामान्य वर्षाको सङ्केतका रूपमा लिइयो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jungle tribes of Malwa. The Ethnographical Survey of the Central India Agency. Monograph No. 11.|url=https://archive.org/details/malwatribes/page/n26/mode/1up/|page=27}}</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} == Other sources == * अनोन। (1991) रेड वाट्ल्ड ल्यापविंग्सको फ्लकि। पक्षी दर्शकहरूका लागि न्यूजलेटर 31 (5-6:1) । * धर्मकुमारसिंहजी, आरएस (1965) -भूमिमा घोंसले बनाउने चराहरूद्वारा सानो विस्थापन। पक्षी दर्शकहरूको लागि समाचार पत्र 5 (9:09) * {{Cite journal |last=Gay, Thomas |year=1975 |title=More about the nesting of the Red-wattled Lapwing |url=https://archive.org/stream/NLBW15#page/n43/mode/1up/ |journal=[[Newsletter for Birdwatchers]] |volume=15 |issue=4 |page=9}} * जामदार, नितिन (1985) रेडवाटल्ड ल्यापविंग (भ्यानेलस इन्डिकस) मोतियाबिन्दुको रोगबाट पीडित। जर्नल अफ द बम्बई नेचुरल हिस्ट्री सोसाइटी 82 (1ः197) * Kalsi, RS′Khera, S (1986) रेडवाटल्ड ल्याप्विङ ''भ्यानेलस इन्डिकस इन्डिकस'' (Aves: Charadriidae) को प्रजनन र विस्थापन व्यवहारमा केही अवलोकनहरू। रेस बुल। पञ्जाब विश्वविद्यालय 37:131-141 * खजुरिया, एच (1972) नेस्टलिङ्स अफ द रेडवाटल्ड ल्यापविङ, भ्यानेलस आई इन्डिकस (बोड्डार्ट) । पाभो 8 (1 & 2) 82-83। * कोशी, एमएस (1989) ल्यापविंग्स एक छतमा। पक्षी दर्शकहरूका लागि न्यूजलेटर 29 (7-8:7) * कृष्णन, एम (1998) सर्वव्यापी अलार्मवादी। ब्ल्याकबक। 14(3&4):88–90. * ज्याक्सन, पी (1976) रेडवाट ल्यापविंग। पक्षी अवलोकनकर्ताहरूका लागि न्यूजलेटर 16 (3) 11-12। * सक्सेना, भिएस (1973) रेडवाट ल्यापविंगद्वारा असामान्य नेस्टिङ। भारतीय वनपाल 99:33-35 {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Vanellus indicus}}{{Taxonbar}} * [http://webapps.lsa.umich.edu/ummz/birds/collections/orderResult.asp?cOrder=Charadriiformes&offset=-1 Vanellus indicus lankae को लागि होलोटाइप को फोटो''Vanellus indicus lankae (भ्यानलस इन्डिकस लन्के) ''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810094116/https://webapps.lsa.umich.edu/ummz/birds/collections/orderResult.asp?cOrder=Charadriiformes&offset=-1 |date=2024-08-10 }} {{Taxonbar}} [[श्रेणी:हुटिट्याउँको रङ]] [[श्रेणी:चारो]] [[श्रेणी:बासस्थान]] [[श्रेणी:अण्डा]] [[श्रेणी:पाइने ठाउँ]] [[श्रेणी:उमेर]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] a5ieiyybdyab1ijeo81lfx76npkng4c 0 61709 1368030 1367814 2026-07-31T06:26:05Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख|व्यक्तित्व}} {{Infobox person | name = दीपिका पादुकोण<br>({{en|Deepika Padukone}}) | image = Deepika Padukone Cannes 2018 (cropped).jpg | imagesize = | caption = सन् २०१८ मा पादुकोण | birth_date = {{birth date|1986|1|5}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy 27th b'day Deepika Padukone|trans-title=दीपिका पादुकोण को 27वाँ जन्मदिन मुबारक हो|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/8238.html|publisher=[[सीएनएन आईबीएन]]|accessdate=13 अगस्त 2013|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107224248/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/8238.html |date=2013-01-07 }}</ref><ref name="bio">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx|title=Biography: Deepika Padukone|trans-title=जीवनी: दीपिका पादुकोण|date=2012-07-23|work=[[हिन्दुस्तान टाईम्स]]|accessdate=13 अगस्त 2013|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx |date=2014-12-31 }}</ref> | birth_place = [[कोपनहेगन]], [[डेनमार्क]] | occupation = अभिनेत्री | years_active = २००४–वर्तमान<ref name="summer">{{cite web|last=मेनन|first=सिता|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/apr/21fwdeep.htm|title=Go white this summer |trans-title = इस गर्मी में सफेद जाओ |accessdate=13 अगस्त 2013|date=2005-04-21|work=[[रीडिफ.कॉम]]}}</ref> | spouse = रणवीर सिंह<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-are-married-now-wedding-ceremony-ends-in-italy/story-OrrIJnMvTwI1wSwl7JbWqM.html|title=Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh are married now, wedding ceremony ends in Italy|accessdate=2019-02-15}}</ref> | height = {{height|ft=5|in=8}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebheightweight.com/2014/11/deepika-padukone-height-weight-bra-size-shoe-size-body-measurements-waist-hips/|title=Deepika Padukone Height, Weight, Bra Size, Shoe Size, Body, Measurements, Waist, Hips|publisher=Celebrity Measurements|date= |accessdate=2015-09-27}}</ref> }} '''दीपिका पादुकोण''' ({{IPA-hns|d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ|उच्चारण}}; जन्म ५ जनवरी १९८६) एक भारतीय अभिनेत्री एवं मोडल हुन्। उनी बलिउड चलचित्र उद्योगकी सबैभन्दा चर्चित अभिनेत्रीहरू मध्ये एक र सर्वाधिक पारिश्रमिक लिने भारतीय महिला अभिनेत्रीमा पर्छिन्। उनले आफ्नो जीवनयात्रा [[बलिउड]]मा स्थापित गरिसकेकी छिन् र हालसम्म दुई [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गरिसकेकी छिन्। पादुकोण, ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी [[प्रकाश पादुकोण]]की छोरी हुन। उनको जन्म [[कोपनहेगन]]मा भएको हो र हुर्काई [[बेङ्गलोर]]मा भएको हो। बाल्यवस्थामा उनले राष्ट्रियस्तरको ब्याडमिन्टन च्याम्पियनसिप खेलेकी छन् तर फेसन मोडल बन्नका लागि उनले ब्याडमिन्टन खेल छाडेकी थिइन्। मोडलिङ क्षेत्रबाट प्रवेश गरेकी उनले चाँडै चलचित्रमा अभिनय गर्ने अवसर प्राप्त गरिन्। सन् २००६ मा [[कन्नड चलचित्र]] ''[[ऐश्वर्य (चलचित्र)|ऐश्वर्य]]''मा मुख्य भूमिकामा उनले चलचित्र जगतमा पदार्पण गरिन्। पादुकोण त्यसपछि दोहोरो भूमिकामा उनको पहिलो बलिउड ब्लकबस्टर सन् २००७ मा प्रदर्शित ''[[ओम शान्ति ओम]]''बाट गरिन् जसले उनलाई [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला पदार्पणको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार|फिल्मफेयर उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि पुरस्कार]] दिलाएको थियो। पादुकोणद्वारा अभिनित ''[[लभ आज कल]]'' (२००९) र ''[[लफङ्गे परिन्दे]]'' (२०१०) चलचित्रमा गरिएको दमदार अभिनयको लागि उनले निकै चर्चा कमाइन्। साथै त्यसै समयमा उनीद्वारा अभिनित ''[[बच्ना ए हसिनो]]'' (२००८) र हाँस्य चलचित्र ''[[हाउसफुल (२०१० चलचित्र)|हाउसफुल]]'' (२०१०) चलचित्रले नकारात्मक समीक्षा पाएको थियो। सन् २०१२ मा प्रदर्शित बक्स अफिस हिट ''[[ककटेल (२०१२ चलचित्र)|ककटेल]]'' चलचित्रले उनको अभिनय यात्रामा आयाम त थप्यो नै उनको अभिनयलाई सम्मान प्रदान गर्दै विभिन्न पुरस्कार समारोहमा उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीको लागि नामाङ्कन समेत गराएको थियो। त्यसपछि उनी ''[[ये जवानी है दीवानी]]'' (२०१३), ''[[चेन्नई एक्सप्रेस]]'' (२०१३) र ''[[ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर (चलचित्र)|ह्याप्पी न्यू इयर]]'' (२०१४) जस्ता हाँस्य चलचित्र जुन [[सबैभन्दा बढी कमाइ गर्ने भारतीय चलचित्रहरू|सबैभन्दा बढी कमाइ गर्ने बलिउड चलचित्र]] रहेका थिए त्यस्ता चलचित्रमा मुख्य महिला पात्रको अभिनय गरेर बलिउडमा आफ्नो स्थान जमाइन्। उनले सन् २०१३ मा ''[[गोलियों की रासलीला राम-लीला]]'' नामक चलचित्रमा दमदार अभिनय गरेर [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्रीको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]] जितेकी थिइन्। अभिनय क्षेत्र बहेक पादुकोण रङ्गमञ्चमा भाग लिने गरेकी छिन् साथै उनले एक भारतीय पत्रिकाको लागि लेख समेत लेखिसकेकी छिन्। यस बाहेक उनले विभिन्न ब्रान्ड र उत्पादनको लागि स्थायी रूपमा विज्ञापन गर्ने गरेकी छिन्। महिलाको हक तथा अधिकारको लागि पनि उनले बेला बखत आवाज उठाउने गरेकी छिन्। == व्यक्तिगत जीवन र मोडलिङ करियर== दीपिका पादुकोणको जन्म ५ जनवरी १९८६ मा [[डेनमार्क]]को [[कोपनहेगन]]मा भएको हो। उनको जन्म [[कोङ्कणी भाषा|कोंकणी]] भाषी परिवारमा भएको हो।<ref name="bio1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx|title=Biography: Deepika Padukone|accessdate=6 August 2013|date=23 July 2012|work=Hindustan Times|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx|archivedate=31 December 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx |date=31 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Baksi|first=Dibyojyoti|title=Shah Rukh Khan made Deepika Padukone learn Tamil|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Shah-Rukh-Khan-made-Deepika-Padukone-learn-Tamil/Article1-1075508.aspx|accessdate=18 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=13 June 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821034850/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Shah-Rukh-Khan-made-Deepika-Padukone-learn-Tamil/Article1-1075508.aspx |date=21 August 2013 }}</ref> उनको बुवा, [[प्रकाश पादुकोण|प्रकाश]], एक भूतपूर्व अन्तर्राष्ट्रियस्तरका सम्मानित ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी थिए। उनकी आमा उज्जाला एक यात्रु एजेन्ट थिइन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182121908.html|title=She's the model of success|work=The Star|date=4 August 2008|accessdate=29 August 2013}}{{subscription required|via=Highbeam}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610213030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182121908.html |date=10 June 2014 }}</ref> उनकी कान्छी बहिनी अनिसा गोल्फ खेलाडी हुन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaura|first=Neha|title=Deepika’s link-ups don’t bother us, says sister|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-11/news-interviews/32156802_1_anisha-link-ups-film-industry|accessdate=2 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 June 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032230/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-11/news-interviews/32156802_1_anisha-link-ups-film-industry |date=6 January 2014 }}</ref> उनको हजुरबुवा रमेश मैसुर ब्याडमिन्टन सङ्घका प्रशासक थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/an-exciting-tournament/article3185184.ece|title=An exciting tournament|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 January 2006|accessdate=3 August 2015}}</ref> पादुकोण जब एक वर्षकी थिइन् त्यस समय उनको परिवार [[भारत]]को [[बेङ्गलोर]] बसाइसराई गरे ।<ref name="toi interview">{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Priya|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/news-interviews/34414302_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-father|title=Ranbir and I are still friends: Deepika Padukone|accessdate=29 August 2013|date=13 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194219/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/news-interviews/34414302_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-father |date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> उनले बेङ्गलोरको [[सोफिया उच्च विद्यालय]]बाट प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन् र प्रवीणता प्रमाणपत्र तहको अध्ययन [[माउन्ट कार्मेल कलेज, बेङ्गलोर|माउन्ट कार्मेल कलेज]]बाट गरिन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=Just How educated are our Bollywood heroines?: Deepika Padukone|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-how-educated-are-bollywood-heroines/20120118.htm#3|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> उनी मानविकी संकाय अन्तर्गत [[समाजशास्त्र]] विषयमा [[स्नातक तह|स्नातक]] तहको पढाइ गर्न [[इन्दिरा गान्धी राष्ट्रिय खुल्ला विश्वविद्यालय]]मा भर्ना भइन् तर पछि उनले समयको व्यस्तता तथा मोडलिङ गर्ने समयको अनियमितताले पढाइ स्थगन गरिन्।<ref name="toi interview"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Deepika-Padukone-has-not-put-studies-on-back-burner/articleshow/2661901.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Deepika Padukone has not put studies on back-burner|accessdate=6 August 2013|date=30 December 2007|archiveurl=|archivedate=8 June 2015}}</ref> [[File:Padukone with family.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.3|alt=Deepika Padukone is posing with her father, mother and sister|सन् २०१४ को [[५९औं फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]] समारोहमा दीपिका पादुकोण आफ्नो अभिभावक तथा बहिनीसँग]] पादुकोण बच्चा हुँदा कठिन सामाजिक अवस्था स्वीकार गरिन् जसले गर्दा उनको धेरै साथीहरू थिएनन्।<ref name="toi interview"/> उनको जीवनको लक्ष्य ब्याडमिन्टन थियो, जुन उनले युवा उमेरदेखि नै प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक तरिकाले खेल्ने गर्थिन्। सन् २०१२ को एक अन्तरवार्तामा पादुकोणले आफ्नो दिनचर्याको बारेमा भनेकी थिइन् "म सधैँ बिहान ५ बजे उठ्थेँ र शारीरिक कसरत गर्न जान्थे, विद्यालय जान्थे, ब्याडमिन्टन खेल्न जान्थे, आफ्नो गृहकार्य गर्थें र सुत्न जान्थेँ।"<ref name="toi interview"/> पादुकोणले विद्यालय अवधिमा ब्याडमिन्टनमा आफ्नो जीवन बनाउन जारी राखिन् र राष्ट्रियस्तरको च्याम्पियनसिपमा भाग लिइन्। उनले राज्यस्तरका बेसबल प्रतियोगितामा पनि आफ्नो सहभागिता जनाइन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Soumyadipta|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-was-a-state-level-baseball-player-deepika-padukone-1349480|title=I was a state level baseball player: Deepika Padukone|work=Daily News and Analysis|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=18 February 2010}}</ref> शिक्षा तथा खेल करियरमा आफ्नो ध्यान केन्द्रित राखिरहेकै बेला पादुकोणले बाल कलाकारको रूपमा समेत कार्य गरिन्। उनी ८ वर्षको उमेरमा एक दुई विज्ञापन अभियानमा देखा परिन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/08/11/stories/2004081101100100.htm|title=The long and short of the ramp|work=The Hindu|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=11 August 2004}}</ref> १० कक्षामा अध्ययन गर्दा उनले आफ्नो ध्यान परिवर्तन गरी फेसन मोडल बन्ने निर्णय गरिन्। <ref name="model">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/613309.cms|title=Smash hit on the ramp|work=The Times of India|first=Asha|last=Chowdary|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=13 April 2004}}</ref> सन् २००४ मा उनले [[प्रसाद बिडापा]]को संरक्षणमा पूर्ण समय मोडल बन्ने कार्यमा लागिन्।<ref name="model"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news-interviews/30485701_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-short-film|title=Deepika Padukone not a part of race|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=7 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194256/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news-interviews/30485701_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-short-film |date=28 September 2013 }}<br>{{cite news|last=Saran|first=Rhea|title=Venus Rising?|url=http://www.verveonline.com/30/people/verve/venus/excerpt.shtml|accessdate=7 August 2013|work=Verve (magazine)}}</ref> करियरको प्रारम्भिक चरणमा पादुकोणले लिरिल साबुनको टेलिभिजन विज्ञापनले पहिचान प्राप्त गरिन्। त्यस सँगै उनले विभिन्न ब्रान्ड तथा उत्पादनको लागि मोडलिङ गरिन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Gahlaut|first=Kanika|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-in-new-liril-soap-ad/1/196716.html|title=Making a splash|work=India Today|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=12 April 2004|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBsSbRF|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Deepika Padukone: Biography|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Deepika-Padukone.htm|publisher=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> सन् २००५ मा, उनले डिजाइनर [[सुनीत वर्मा]]को लागि पहिलो पटक [[लक्मे फेसन विक]]मा भाग लिइन् र [[किङफिसर (बियर)|किङफिसर]] फेसन अवार्डमा ''मोडल अफ द इअर''को अवार्ड जित्न सफल भइन्।<ref>{{cite web|last=Menon|first=Sita|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/apr/21fwdeep.htm|title=Go white this summer|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=21 April 2005|publisher=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chowdhury|first=Smita R.|title=Glamour, glitz & grace|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050405/asp/calcutta/story_4572605.asp|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=5 May 2005}}</ref> पादुकोणको प्रसिद्धिमा त्यस समय वृद्धि भयो जब उनलाई २००६ को [[किङफिसर पात्रो|किङफिसर क्यालेन्डर]]मा स्थान दिइयो ।<ref name="meet"/> क्यालेन्डरका डिजाइनरका रूपमा रहेका [[वेन्डेल रोड्रिक्स]]ले पादुकोणमाथि टिप्पणी गर्दै भनेका थिए "[[ऐश्वर्या राय बच्चन|ऐश्वर्या राय]]पछि हामीसँग यस्तो सुन्दर र ताजा महिला थिएन्।"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/young-achievers-deepika-padukone-ms-dhoni-to-rabbi-shergill/1/181846.html|title=Young achievers: Deepika Padukone to Aditya Mittal, MS Dhoni to Rabbi Shergill|work=India Today|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=20 February 2006|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBwTlZD|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> रोड्रिक्सले उनलाई गञ्जम ज्वेलरी कक्षामा हेरेका थिए र पछि उनले म्याट्रिक्स एजेन्सीका लागि पादुकोणलाई हस्ताक्षर गर्न भ्याए।<ref>{{cite book|last=Vasudev|first=Shefalee|title=Powder Room|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DzdfsXQEtqoC&pg=PT61|publisher=Random House India|isbn=978-81-8400-297-3|page=61|year=2012}}</ref> २१ वर्षको उमेरमा पादुकोण [[मुम्बई]] बसाइँ सरिन् र आफ्नो काकीको घरमा बसिन्।<ref name="toi interview"/> त्यसै वर्ष, उनले [[हिमेश रेशमिया]]को म्युजिक भिडियो ''नाम है तेरा'' मा काम गर्ने अवसर पाइन् र त्यसमा गरेको अभिनयले व्यापक पहिचान प्राप्त गरिन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Iyer|first=Meena|title=Deepika Padukone in awe of beauty pageant winners|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-17/news-interviews/30409840_1_beauty-pageant-beauty-contest-music-video|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=17 November 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194304/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-17/news-interviews/30409840_1_beauty-pageant-beauty-contest-music-video |date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> पादुकोणले चाँडै चलचित्र भूमिकाको लागि प्रस्ताव प्राप्त गर्न सुरू गरिन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=The hottest heroine in Kannada cinema|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/24sld1.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=24 August 2006|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> आफ्नो अभिनयलाई अझ प्रभावकारी बनाउन पादुकोणले [[अनुपम खेर]]को चलचित्र संस्थानमा अभिनय कोर्समा भर्ना भइन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=On course: Deepika Padukone joins Anupam Kher's Film Academy|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/badminton-star-prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-shifted-to-mumbai/1/193374.html|work=India Today|date=11 July 2005|accessdate=6 August 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwC0HxiV|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> रेशमियाको साङ्गीतिक भिडियोमा निर्देशक [[फराह खान]]ले पादुकोणको अभिनय हेरेकी थिइन् जसले गर्दा उनले पादुकोणलाई आफ्नो चलचित्र [[ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर (चलचित्र)|ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर]]मा अभिनेत्रीको रूपमा चयन गरिन्।<ref name="toi interview"/><ref name="meet"/> ==अभिनय करियर== ===चलचित्र सुरूवात र सफलता (२००६–०९)=== पादुकोणले सन् २००६ मा आफू [[इन्द्रजीत लङ्केश]]को निर्देशनमा [[कन्नड चलचित्र]] ''[[ऐश्वर्य (चलचित्र)|ऐश्वर्य]]''बाट अभिनय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्न लागेको बताएकी थिइन्। <ref name="meet">{{cite web|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R.G.|title=Meet Deepika Padukone|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/14sd1.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=14 March 2006|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> उक्त रोमान्टिक हाँस्य चलचित्र [[तेलगु चलचित्र|तेलुगु चलचित्र]] ''[[मनमधुदु]]''को रूपान्तरण रहेको थियो र पादुकोणलाई शीर्ष भूमिकामा अभिनेता [[उपेन्द्र (अभिनेता)|उपेन्द्र]]सँग तय गरिएको थियो । पादुकोण अभिनित कन्नड चलचित्रले उच्च व्यापारिक सफलता प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=S.S|title=Ramya in a rush|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ramya-in-a-rush/article3230859.ece|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 September 2006}}</ref> [[रिडिफ.कम]]का आरजी विजयसारथीले पादुकोणको भूमिकाको प्रशंसा गर्दै उनलाई ''आत्मीय दृश्यमा अझ बढी काम गर्नुपर्छ'' भनी थपेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite web|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R.G.|title=Deepika's Aishwarya is a must watch|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15aish.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=15 September 2006|accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref> सन् २००६ को अन्तसम्ममा फराह खानको ''ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर'' को काम रोकियो र खानले [[पुनर्जन्म]]को कथामा आधारित नाटकीय चलचित्र ''[[ओम शान्ति ओम]]'' (२००७) को लागि पादुकोणलाई चलचित्रमा लिने निर्णय गरिन्। <ref>{{cite web|title='I was pulling SRK's hair out!'|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/10fchat.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=10 December 2007|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> [[बलिउड|हिन्दी चलचित्र उद्योग]]को पृष्ठभूमिमा तैयार पारिएको यस चलचित्रले सन् १९७० ताका सङ्घर्षरत् अभिनेताको कथा भन्दछ जो आफ्नो प्रेमिकाको हत्याको साक्षी भएर मर्छ र उसको प्रेमिकाको हत्याको बदला लिन पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ। यस चलचित्रको नायकको रूपमा [[साहरुख खान|शाहरूख खान]] एक समर्थकको भूमिकामा रहेका थिए भने पादुकोण दोहोरो भूमिकामा थिइन्।{{mdash}} पहिलो भूमिका शान्तिप्रिया, १९७० को शीर्ष अभिनेत्रीको रूपमा र पछि स्यान्डी, एक इच्छुक अभिनेत्रीको भूमिकामा रूपमा रहेकी थिइन्। उनले भनिन्, "म शाहरूखलाई चलचित्रमा हेरेर ठूली भएकी हुँ र वहाँको म सधैँ अनुशरण गर्थें। वहाँसँग काम गरेर&nbsp;... म ज्यादै खुसी महसुस गरिरहेकी छु। साथै फराहलाई पनि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु जसले म माथि भरोसा गरेर वहाँसँग मलाई काम गर्ने मौका दिइन्।"<ref>{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Sarit|title=I'm a shy person: Deepika|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-02/news-interviews/27986233_1_dream-debut-modelling-deepika-padukone|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 November 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194317/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-02/news-interviews/27986233_1_dream-debut-modelling-deepika-padukone |date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> आफ्नो भूमिकाको तयारीको लागि पादुकोणले विभिन्न अभिनेत्रीहरू [[हेलन (अभिनेत्री)|हेलन]] र [[हेमा मालिनी]]को शारीरिक हाउभाउ पढ्न चलचित्र हेरिन्। जुन आजभोलिको अभिनेत्रीभन्दा ''ज्यादै भिन्न'' र ''अधिक मनोरम'' भएको महसुस गरिन ।<ref>{{cite news|last=Thakur|first=Shweta|title=I saw Hema Malini films for '70s look: Deepika|date=17 November 2007|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-saw-Hema-Malini-films-for-70s-look-Deepika/Article1-258255.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=10 August 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005230414/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-saw-Hema-Malini-films-for-70s-look-Deepika/Article1-258255.aspx |date=5 October 2013 }}</ref> तर, उनको आवाज भने आवाज कलाकार [[मोना घोष शेट्टी]]द्वारा स्वराङ्कित थियो ।<ref name="mona dub">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-03/news-interviews/45834895_1_deepika-padukone-dramatic-prowess-and-zest-kochadaiiyaan|title=Why is Deepika's Hindi in Kochadaiiyaan dubbed?|work=The Times of India|date=2 January 2013|accessdate=3 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105062349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-03/news-interviews/45834895_1_deepika-padukone-dramatic-prowess-and-zest-kochadaiiyaan |date=5 January 2014 }}</ref> चलचित्रमा रहेको एक गीत ''धुम ताना'' मा पादुकोण भारतीय शास्त्रीय नृत्यकर्ताको रूपमा आफुलाई ढालेर नृत्य गरिन्। वर्षको चर्चित गीतहरू मध्ये एक साबित भएपछि [[डोर्लिङ किन्डर्सले]]ले भने पादुकोणले दर्शकलाई आफ्नो ''हस्त मुद्रा'' नृत्यले मन्त्रमुग्ध पार्न सफल भइन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of Dance|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EzKmKyugOjkC&pg=PA113|date=3 September 2012|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited|isbn=978-1-4093-2237-5|page=113}}</ref> ''ओम शान्ति ओम'' सन् २००७ को व्यावसायिक सफल चलचित्र बन्न सफल रहयो र चलचित्रले विश्व्यापी {{INRConvert|1.49|b}} कारोबार गरेको थियो ।<ref name="top">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat=|title=Top All Time Worldwide Grossers Updated|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=13 October 2013|date=11 May 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20131105215110/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat=|archivedate=26 January 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205213224/http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat= |date=5 February 2012 }}</ref> [[बलिउड हङ्गामा]]का [[तरण आदर्श]]ले चलचित्रको समिक्षा गर्दै ''दीपिकाको अभिनयमा एउटा उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीसँग हुनुपर्ने सबै कला भएको भनि भनेका थिए'' ।<ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|title=Movie Review: Om Shanti Om|date=7 November 2007|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54373|publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=18 December 2007|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBYXxYy|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]]को वार्षिकोत्सवमा पादुकोणलाई सन् २००८ मा [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला पदार्पणको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार|फिल्मफेयर उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि पुरस्कार]] दिइएको थियो र [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्रीको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार|सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्री]] श्रेणीको लागि नामाङ्कन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="heroine">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever/9/7051.html#photo35|title=Top heroines of Bollywood|accessdate=19 July 2013|date=10 May 2013|work=India Today|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwC4LXB6|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> [[File:Padukone in 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|alt=Deepika Padukone is smiling away from the camera|पादुकोण ''[[लभ आज कल]]'', २००९ को पहिलो दृश्य समारोहमा]] बलिउड हङ्गामाले ''ओम शान्ति ओम'' को सफलताले पादुकोणको अभिनय करियरमा आयाम थपेको एक रिपोर्टमा उल्लेख गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|title=Exploring the Box Office journey of Deepika Padukone&nbsp;– Part 1|date=2 August 2013|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5321|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=10 August 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBdY9Zu|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> उनले यो सफलतालाई आफ्नो अर्को चलचित्रमा गायत्री (रणवीर कपुरको प्रेमिका)को भूमिकामा एक अस्ट्रेलियाली विद्यार्थी जो क्याब चालकको रूपमा [[यश राज फिल्म्स|यशराज फिल्म्स]]को हाँस्य रोमान्टिक चलचित्र ''[[बच्ना ए हसिनो]]'' (२००८) मा अभिनय गरिन्। यो चलचित्रले व्यावसायिक सफलता प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=Bachna Ae Haseeno scores at box office|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/18box.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> तर ''[[आउटलुक (पत्रिका)|आउटलुक]]'' को नम्रता जोशीले पादुकोणको अभिनयलाई सन्तोषजनक नभएको बताएकी थिइन्।।<ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?238292|title=Movie Review: Bachna Ae Haseeno|accessdate=19 July 2013|date=1 September 2008|work=[[Outlook (magazine)|Outlook]]|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBjSin0|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> सन् २००९ को पहिलो चलचित्रको रूपमा पादुकोण र [[अक्षय कुमार]]द्वारा [[निखिल आडवाणी]]को निर्देशनमा कुङ फु हाँस्य कथानक चलचित्र ''[[चाँदनी चौक टु चाइना]]'' रहेको थियो जसमा पादुकोणले भारतीय-चिनियाँ दिदी बहिनीको दोहोरो भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। [[वार्नर ब्रोज]]द्वारा निर्माण गरिएको यो चलचित्रले हिन्दी चलचित्रको इतिहासमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय बजारमा सबैभन्दा बढी सिनेमाघरमा प्रदर्शित गरिएको थियो ।<ref>{{cite news|last=Anderson|first=Jason|title=Chandni Chowk to China: Kung fusion hustle|url=http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2009/01/16/chandni_chowk_to_china_kung_fusion_hustle.html|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=16 January 2009|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> पादुकोणले आफ्नो भूमिकको लागि जापानी मार्सल आर्ट्स [[जुजुत्सु]]बाट सिखेकी थिइन् र आफ्नो सबै आक्रमक दृश्य आफैंले गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=Deepika's unbelievable stunt!|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/26slid1-deepika-unbelievable-stunt.htm?zcc=rl|publisher=Rediff.com|date=26 November 2008|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Vickeya|title=Yes, I'm dating Ranbir: Deepika|date=15 March 2008|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/news-interviews/27772143_1_action-film-deepika-ranbir-yash-raj|work=The Times of India|accessdate=3 September 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012195823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/news-interviews/27772143_1_action-film-deepika-ranbir-yash-raj |date=12 October 2013 }}</ref> तर अपेक्षा गरिएको ठिक विपरित यस चलचित्रले विश्वव्यापी {{INRConvert|554.7|m}} कमाइ गर्न सक्यो जबकि यस चलचित्रको निर्माण लागत {{INRConvert|800|m}} थियो ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=348&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgV29ybGR3aWRlIEluIFVTICQ=|title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide (US $)|publisher=Box Office India|accessdate=11 November 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130602093609/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|archivedate=26 January 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602093609/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |date=2 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Amit|last2=Verma Ambwani|first2=Meenakshi|title=Chandni Chowk to China crosses Rs 33 cr at local box office|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-20/news/27650181_1_domestic-box-office-bollywood-film-kinng|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=20 January 2009|accessdate=6 August 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305091941/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-20/news/27650181_1_domestic-box-office-bollywood-film-kinng |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> चलचित्र विश्लेषकहरूले पादुकोणको अभिनयलाई सामान्यत मन पराएनन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandni Chowk To China (2009)|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/chandni_chowk_to_china/|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Strout|first=Justin|title=Ham Samurai|date=15 January 2009|url=http://www2.orlandoweekly.com/film/review.asp?rid=14086|work=[[Orlando Weekly]]|accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref> त्यसै वर्ष पादुकोणले नाटकीय चलचित्र ''[[बिल्लु]]'' (''लभ मेरा हिट हिट'' नामक गीत) मा आयटम डान्स गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3034274&page=4|title=Item Number in 'Billoo Barber'|publisher=[[MSN]]|date=6 January 2009|accessdate=2 May 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314143005/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3034274&page=4 |date=14 March 2012 }}</ref> त्यस लगतै उनी [[सैफअली खान|सैफ अली खान]]सँग रोमान्टिक नाट्य चलचित्र '' [[लभ आज कल]]'' मा अभिनय गरिन् जसको कथाकार र निर्देशक [[इम्तियाज अली (निर्देशक)|इम्तियाज अली]] थिए। यस चलचित्रले युवाहरूको बदलिदो सम्बन्धलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको थियो। यस चलचित्रमा पादुकोणले एक सुदृढ सोच भएकी महिला मीरा पण्डेको भूमिका चरित्रार्थ गरेकी थिइन्। यस चलचित्रले विश्वव्यापी {{INRConvert|1.2|b}}को कारोबार गरेको थियो। ''लभ आज कल'' ले सन् २००९ को सबैभन्दा बढी पैसा कमाउने तेस्रो चलचित्रको रूपमा आफूलाई प्रमाणित गरेको थियो।<ref name="top"/> ''[[डेली न्यूज एन्ड एनालायसिस]]'' का अनिरूद्ध गुहाले पादुकोणको बारे उल्लेख गर्दै ''अहिलेसम्म अभिनय गरेका चार चलचित्रहरू मध्ये सबैभन्दा उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन '' गरेको भनी लेखेका थिए भने ''द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया'' का बलिउड विशेशज्ञ [[निखत काजमी]]ले पादुकोणको अभिनयलाई ''उत्कृष्ट र दृढ'' भनी व्याख्या गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|last=Guha|first=Aniruddha|title=Review: Love Aaj Kal is the perfect date movie|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-love-aaj-kal-is-the-perfect-date-movie-1278796|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=31 July 2009|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi|first=Nikhat|title=Love Aaj Kal|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Love-Aaj-Kal/movie-review/4838891.cms|work=The Times of India|date=30 July 2009|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref> यस चलचित्रको लागि पादुकोणले [[५५औँ फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]]मा उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीको नामाङ्कन पाएकी थिइन्।<ref name="bollywoodhungama1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/725/|title=Nominations for 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=27 April 2011}}</ref> ===करियर सङ्घर्ष (२०१०–११)=== सन् २०१० मा पादुकोणको पाँच चलचित्र प्रदर्शित भएको थियो। उनको पहिलो भूमिका विजय लालवाणीको [[मनोबैज्ञानिक रोमाञ्चकारी]] चलचित्र ''कार्तिक कलिङ कार्तिक'' थियो जसमा पादुकोणले एक हरेस खाइसकेको व्यक्ति ([[फरहान अख्तर]]द्वारा अभिनित) जो प्रत्येक विहान एक संदिग्ध फोन पाएर विभिन्न परिवर्तनबाट गुज्रिरहेको व्यक्तिको सहयोगी प्रेमिकाको भूमिका गरिन्। [[भराइटी (पत्रिका)|भराइटी]] पत्रिकाका डेरेक एलेले चलचित्रलाई समीक्षा गर्दै चलचित्रको कथाबस्तुले दर्शकमाझ छाप छोड्न नसकेको र पादुकोणको &nbsp;...निरीह भूमिकाले पनि चलचित्र सफल नभएको तर्क थपेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite news|last=Elley|first=Derek|title=Review: "Karthik Calling Karthik"|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/karthik-calling-karthik-1117942367/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=8 March 2010|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref> व्यवसायिक रूपमा चलचित्र असफल भएको थियो।<ref name="bo2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA==|title=Box Office 2010|publisher=Box office India|accessdate=14 May 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA==|archivedate=26 January 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA%3D%3D |date=14 October 2013 }}</ref> सो वर्ष उनको सबैभन्दा व्यवसायिक सफल चलचित्र [[साजिद खान]]को हाँस्यप्रधान चलचित्र [[हाउसफुल (२०१० चलचित्र)|हाउसफुल]] थियो जसले {{INRConvert|1.15|b}}को कारोबार गर्न सफल भएको थियो। यस चलचित्रमा उनी [[अक्षय कुमार]], [[रितेश देशमुख]], [[लारा दत्ता]], [[अर्जुन रामपाल]], [[जिया खान]] र [[बोमन इरानी]]सँग चित्रित गरिएका थिए।<ref name="top"/> [[राजा सेन]]ले चलचित्रलाई "खराब अभिनयको चाड" र पादुकोणद्वारा कमजोर अभिनय भनी वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Raja|title=Gags that'll make you gag|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-housefull-is-painful/20100430.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=30 April 2010|accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> [[File:Deepika Padukone at an event.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Deepika Padukone is sitting on a chair and smiling at the camera|पादुकोण ''[[लफङ्गे परिन्दे]]'', २०१० को कार्यक्रममा]] {{-}} == प्रमुख चलचित्रहरू== {{main|दीपिका पादुकोण फिल्मोग्राफी}} * [[ऐश्वर्य (चलचित्र)|ऐश्वर्य]] (सन् २००६) * [[ओम शान्ति ओम]] (सन् २००७) * [[बच्ना ए हसिनो]] (सन् २००८) * [[लभ आज कल]] (सन् २००९) * [[लफङ्गे परिन्दे]] (सन् २०१०) * [[ककटेल (२०१२ चलचित्र)|ककटेल]] (सन् २०१२) * [[ये जवानी है दीवानी]] (सन् २०१३) * [[चेन्नई एक्सप्रेस]] (सन् २०१३) * [[गोलियों की रासलीला राम-लीला]] (सन् २०१३) * [[ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर (चलचित्र)|ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर]] (सन् २०१४) * [[पीकू]] (सन् २०१५) * [[बाजीराव मस्तानी]] == प्रसिद्धि == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{Commonscat-inline|Deepika Padukone|दीपिका पादुकोण}} * {{IMDb name|id=2138653}} * {{Twitter|deepikapadukone|दीपिका पादुकोण}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्रीको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार}} {{फिल्मफेयर उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि पुरस्कार}} {{उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि आइफा अवार्ड}} {{उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि स्क्रिन अवार्ड}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Deepika Padukone}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --> | NAME = Padukone, Deepika | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian actor | DATE OF BIRTH = 5 January 1986 | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८६ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय हिन्दुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बेङ्गलोरका अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मानसिक स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बेङ्गलोरका महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका भारतीय अभिनेत्रीहरू]] l44xen36ms4x0acr4qha302glx9qwkp 0 62238 1367990 1362218 2026-07-30T17:09:28Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = माननीय | name = रीमा विश्वकर्मा | native_name = {{nobold|रीमा विश्वकर्मा}} | native_name_lang = ne | image = | image_size = | caption = २०८२ मा विश्वकर्मा | birth_name = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1989|8|5|df=y}}<ref name="rima-bishwokarma-bio-nettv4u">{{Cite web |title=Nepali Actress Rima Bishwokarma Biography |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/nepali/actress/rima-bishwokarma |access-date=2021-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906011905/https://nettv4u.com/nettv4u.com/celebrity/nepali/actress/rima-bishwokarma |archive-date=2025-09-06 |website=NETTV4U |language=en}}</ref> | birth_place = [[गुलरिया नगरपालिका|गुलरिया]], बर्दिया | office1 = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] सदस्य | term_start1 = वि.सं. १२ चैत २०८२ | term_end1 = | prime_minister1 = [[बालेन्द्र शाह]] | president1 = [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]] | constituency1 = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|रास्वपा]] [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] सूची | 1blankname1 = समानुपातिक समूह | 1namedata1 = [[दलित]] (महिला) | occupation = | profession = {{hlist|राजनीतिज्ञ|मोडल|अभिनेत्री|सञ्चारकर्मी}} | education = सिद्धार्थ वनस्थली इन्स्टिच्युट, पनौती शाखा (निम्न माध्यमिक) <br/>नवरत्न इङ्लिस सेकेन्डरी स्कुल ([[एसएलसी]])<br/>पिनाकल एकेडेमी<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.trendingnetnepal.com/reema-bishwokarma-biography/|title=Reema Bishwokarma - Biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129092700/https://www.trendingnetnepal.com/reema-bishwokarma-biography/ |archive-date=2020-11-29 |date=2020-01-07|website=Trending Net Nepal|language=en}}</ref> | website = | height = {{height|m=1.63}} | party = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] | father = बाबुराम विश्वकर्मा | mother = कृष्णादेवी विश्वकर्मा | spouse = {{marriage|रबर्ट ल्वागुन विश्वकर्मा|2015|2017|reason=सम्बन्धविच्छेद}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/reema-bishwokarma-ditches-honeymoon-donates-money-to-help-film-artistes |title=Reema Bishwokarma ditches honeymoon, donates money to help film artistes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619005154/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/reema-bishwokarma-ditches-honeymoon-donates-money-to-help-film-artistes |archive-date=2026-06-19 |date=2015-10-04|website=myRepublica|language=en}}</ref> | other_party = [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] }} '''रीमा विश्वकर्मा''' (जन्म: २० साउन २०४६) एक नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ, मोडल, अभिनेत्री तथा सञ्चारकर्मी हुन्। उनी वि.सं. चैत २०८२ देखि [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का तर्फबाट [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य]]का रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15 |title=रियालिटी शोमै रमाउछिन् रिमा|trans-title=Rima enjoys the Reality Shows |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/23293/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316214428/https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/23293/ |archive-date=2022-03-16 |access-date=2022-07-26|first=Dhruba|last=Lamsal |website=राजधानी |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-02 |title=नयाँ पुस्ताको मेहनतले खुशी दिन्छ |url=https://saptahik.com.np/cinema/2019/08/02/20190802133017 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=saptahik.com.np |language=ne}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == विश्वकर्माको जन्म २०४६ साउन २० मा बर्दियाको गुलरियामा कृष्णादेवी विश्वकर्मा र बाबुराम विश्वकर्माको पुत्रीका रूपमा भएको थियो। सन् १९९७ मा उनी [[पनौती]] सरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनको लालनपालन भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Panauti Children's Home (PCH) - Dem-Népal |url=http://www.dem-nepal.fr/panauti-childrens-home-pch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206072932/http://www.dem-nepal.fr/panauti-childrens-home-pch/ |archive-date=6 February 2020 |website=Dem-Népal |date=26 November 2002 |url-status=dead |lang=fr }}</ref> उनले निम्न-माध्यमिक शिक्षाका लागि सिद्धार्थ वनस्थली इन्स्टिच्युट, पनौतीमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन् भने नवरत्न आवासीय माविबाट प्रवेशिका परीक्षा (एसएलसी) उत्तीर्ण गरेकी थिइन्। उनले पिनाकल एकेडेमीबाट आमसञ्चार विषयमा स्नातक तह अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{webarchive |title=Biography of Reema Bishwokarma|archive-date=2013-06-21|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621184634/http://medianp.tv/biography-of-reema-bishwokarma}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक अभिनय जीवन == अभिनय यात्रा सुरु गर्नुअघि विश्वकर्माले नेपाल टेलिभिजनमा भिडियो जोकी (भिजो) र नेसनल टिभीमा समाचार वाचकका रूपमा काम गरेकी थिइन्। उनी क्रिस केसीको "जिन्दगीभर साथ दिन्छु भन्नेले" बोलको म्युजिक भिडियोमा देखा परेकी थिइन् र त्यसपछि थुप्रै नेपाली म्युजिक भिडियोहरूमा अभिनय गरेकी थिइन्। विश्वकर्माले प्रसन्ना पौडेलद्वारा निर्देशित तथा मिसेस मुभिजद्वारा निर्मित सन् २०११ को नेपाली चलचित्र ''स्वर''बाट चलचित्र क्षेत्रमा पर्दापण गरेकी थिइन्। पछि उनी ''भिसा गर्ल'', ''ऋतु'' र ''बाटो मुनिको फूल २'' लगायतका चलचित्रहरूमा देखा परेकी थिइन्। उनले भारतको राजस्थान र अस्ट्रेलिया लगायतका स्थानहरूमा म्युजिक भिडियो र चलचित्रहरूको छायाङ्कनमा भाग लिएकी थिइन्। विश्वकर्माले टेलिभिजन कार्यक्रम ''[[नेपाल आइडल]]''को सह-सञ्चालकका रूपमा काम गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-09 |title=नेपाल आइडल सिजन २ आजदेखि |url=https://annapurnapost.com/news/nepaal-aaiddl-sijn-2-aajbaatt-105095 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=[[अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट]] |language=ne}}</ref> उनले नेपाली हास्य वास्तविक टेलिभिजन कार्यक्रम ''कमेडी च्याम्पियन''को पनि सञ्चालन गरिसकेकी छिन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-04 |title=होस्टिङमा पनि चुनौती थियो |url=https://saptahik.com.np/cinema/2020/02/04/20200204133106 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=saptahik.com.np |language=ne}}</ref> == राजनीतिक जीवन == सन् २०२५ नोभेम्बर मा रीमा विश्वकर्मा ऊर्जा विज्ञ [[कुलमान घिसिङ]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]]मा प्रवेश गरेकी थिइन् र [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] (रास्वपा) सँगको व्यापक एकता र एकीकरणको छलफलका बिच पार्टीको समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व सूचीमा समावेश भएकी थिइन्। रास्वपा र उज्यालो नेपालबिच एकीकरणको घोषणापछि उज्यालो नेपालका समानुपातिक उम्मेदवारहरूलाई संयुक्त सूचीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSP, Bibeksheel Sajha to merge. In talks with Ujyalo Nepal, others |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/28/rsp-bibeksheel-sajha-to-merge-in-talks-with-ujyalo-nepal-others |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128033352/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/28/rsp-bibeksheel-sajha-to-merge-in-talks-with-ujyalo-nepal-others |first=Purushottam|last=Poudel|date=November 28, 2025|archive-date=2025-11-28|website=Kathmandu Post }}</ref> यद्यपि, नेतृत्व विवादका कारण १२ दिनपछि एकीकरण प्रक्रिया भङ्ग भएको थियो भने विश्वकर्मा रास्वपामै रहेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSP drops 17 Kulman loyalists from PR list, Rima Bishwakarma retained |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/rsp-drops-17-kulman-loyalists-from-pr-list-rima-bishwakarma-retained-88-34.html |date=January 11, 202|website=myRepublica }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RSP and Ujyaalo Nepal merger collapses amid leadership disputes |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/merger-talks-collapse-rsp-and-ujyaalo-nepal-call-emergency-meetings-64-99.html |date=January 10, 2026|website=myRepublica }}</ref><ref name="=rsp-ijyaalo-merger-failed">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=RSP and Ujyaalo Nepal merger collapses amid leadership disputes |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/merger-talks-collapse-rsp-and-ujyaalo-nepal-call-emergency-meetings-64-99.html |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-11 |title=RSP–Ujyaalo Nepal unity collapses in just 12 Days |work=OnlineKhabar |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rsp-ujyaalo-nepal-unity-collapses.html |access-date=2026-01-26 |language=en}}</ref> विश्वकर्मा त्यसपछि [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२|२०८२ को आम निर्वाचन]]मा राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी (रास्वपा) बाट सांसद (प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य) निर्वाचित भएकी थिइन्। उनी पार्टीको समानुपातिक सूचीबाट [[दलित]] महिला कोटा अन्तर्गत निर्वाचित भएकी हुन्। उनले २०८२ चैत १९ मा [[नेपालको तेस्रो सङ्घीय संसद|नेपालको संसद]]मा आयोजित शपथ ग्रहण समारोहमा पद तथा गोपनीयताको शपथ लिएकी थिइन्। == अभिनित चलचित्रहरू == {| class="wikitable" |- ! वर्ष (सन्) ! चलचित्र ! भूमिका ! टिप्पणीहरू ! सन्दर्भ |- |२०११ |स्वर | | | |- |२०१२ |भिसा गर्ल |छाया | | |- |२०१४ |ऋतु |कृपा | | |- |२०१५ |इस्केप | | | |- |२०१६ |भाले फाइट | | | |- |२०१६ |बाटो मुनिको फूल २ | | | |- |२०२२ |हिजो आजका कुरा | | | |- |२०२३ |जाकी आइ एम २१ | | | |} === टेलिभिजन === {| class="wikitable" |+ !वर्ष (सन्) !कार्यक्रम !भूमिका !टिप्पणीहरू |- |२०१७-२०१८, २०२४ |[[नेपाल आइडल]] |सञ्चालक |सिजन १, २, ५-हाल |- |२०१९-२०२५ |[[कमेडी च्याम्पियन]] |सञ्चालक |सिजन १, २, ३-हाल |- |२०२३ |मेरो भ्वाइस युनिभर्स |सञ्चालक | |- |२०२२ |सारेगामापा लिटिल च्याम्प्स नेपाल |सञ्चालक | |} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * {{IMDb name|4378937}} * {{Facebook|name=रिमा विश्वकर्मा|id=rimabishwokarma}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टीका राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका सांसदहरू २०८२–]] [[श्रेणी:बर्दिया जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८९ मा जन्म]] dygvyjxl0cm56crbgwa05slft7y7nc5 1367992 1367990 2026-07-30T17:11:07Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = माननीय | name = रीमा विश्वकर्मा | native_name = {{nobold|रीमा विश्वकर्मा}} | native_name_lang = ne | image = | image_size = | caption = २०८२ मा विश्वकर्मा | birth_name = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1989|8|6|df=y}}<ref name="rima-bishwokarma-bio-nettv4u">{{Cite web |title=Nepali Actress Rima Bishwokarma Biography |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/nepali/actress/rima-bishwokarma |access-date=2021-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906011905/https://nettv4u.com/nettv4u.com/celebrity/nepali/actress/rima-bishwokarma |archive-date=2025-09-06 |website=NETTV4U |language=en}}</ref> | birth_place = [[गुलरिया नगरपालिका|गुलरिया]], बर्दिया | office1 = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] सदस्य | term_start1 = वि.सं. १२ चैत २०८२ | term_end1 = | prime_minister1 = [[बालेन्द्र शाह]] | president1 = [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]] | constituency1 = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|रास्वपा]] [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] सूची | 1blankname1 = समानुपातिक समूह | 1namedata1 = [[दलित]] (महिला) | occupation = | profession = {{hlist|राजनीतिज्ञ|मोडल|अभिनेत्री|सञ्चारकर्मी}} | education = सिद्धार्थ वनस्थली इन्स्टिच्युट, पनौती शाखा (निम्न माध्यमिक) <br/>नवरत्न इङ्लिस सेकेन्डरी स्कुल ([[एसएलसी]])<br/>पिनाकल एकेडेमी<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.trendingnetnepal.com/reema-bishwokarma-biography/|title=Reema Bishwokarma - Biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129092700/https://www.trendingnetnepal.com/reema-bishwokarma-biography/ |archive-date=2020-11-29 |date=2020-01-07|website=Trending Net Nepal|language=en}}</ref> | website = | height = {{height|m=1.63}} | party = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] | father = बाबुराम विश्वकर्मा | mother = कृष्णादेवी विश्वकर्मा | spouse = {{marriage|रबर्ट ल्वागुन विश्वकर्मा|2015|2017|reason=सम्बन्धविच्छेद}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/reema-bishwokarma-ditches-honeymoon-donates-money-to-help-film-artistes |title=Reema Bishwokarma ditches honeymoon, donates money to help film artistes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619005154/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/reema-bishwokarma-ditches-honeymoon-donates-money-to-help-film-artistes |archive-date=2026-06-19 |date=2015-10-04|website=myRepublica|language=en}}</ref> | other_party = [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] }} '''रीमा विश्वकर्मा''' (जन्म: २१ साउन २०४६) एक नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ, मोडल, अभिनेत्री तथा सञ्चारकर्मी हुन्। उनी वि.सं. चैत २०८२ देखि [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का तर्फबाट [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य]]का रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15 |title=रियालिटी शोमै रमाउछिन् रिमा|trans-title=Rima enjoys the Reality Shows |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/23293/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316214428/https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/23293/ |archive-date=2022-03-16 |access-date=2022-07-26|first=Dhruba|last=Lamsal |website=राजधानी |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-02 |title=नयाँ पुस्ताको मेहनतले खुशी दिन्छ |url=https://saptahik.com.np/cinema/2019/08/02/20190802133017 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=saptahik.com.np |language=ne}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == विश्वकर्माको जन्म २०४६ साउन २० मा बर्दियाको गुलरियामा कृष्णादेवी विश्वकर्मा र बाबुराम विश्वकर्माको पुत्रीका रूपमा भएको थियो। सन् १९९७ मा उनी [[पनौती]] सरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनको लालनपालन भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Panauti Children's Home (PCH) - Dem-Népal |url=http://www.dem-nepal.fr/panauti-childrens-home-pch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206072932/http://www.dem-nepal.fr/panauti-childrens-home-pch/ |archive-date=6 February 2020 |website=Dem-Népal |date=26 November 2002 |url-status=dead |lang=fr }}</ref> उनले निम्न-माध्यमिक शिक्षाका लागि सिद्धार्थ वनस्थली इन्स्टिच्युट, पनौतीमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन् भने नवरत्न आवासीय माविबाट प्रवेशिका परीक्षा (एसएलसी) उत्तीर्ण गरेकी थिइन्। उनले पिनाकल एकेडेमीबाट आमसञ्चार विषयमा स्नातक तह अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{webarchive |title=Biography of Reema Bishwokarma|archive-date=2013-06-21|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621184634/http://medianp.tv/biography-of-reema-bishwokarma}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक अभिनय जीवन == अभिनय यात्रा सुरु गर्नुअघि विश्वकर्माले नेपाल टेलिभिजनमा भिडियो जोकी (भिजो) र नेसनल टिभीमा समाचार वाचकका रूपमा काम गरेकी थिइन्। उनी क्रिस केसीको "जिन्दगीभर साथ दिन्छु भन्नेले" बोलको म्युजिक भिडियोमा देखा परेकी थिइन् र त्यसपछि थुप्रै नेपाली म्युजिक भिडियोहरूमा अभिनय गरेकी थिइन्। विश्वकर्माले प्रसन्ना पौडेलद्वारा निर्देशित तथा मिसेस मुभिजद्वारा निर्मित सन् २०११ को नेपाली चलचित्र ''स्वर''बाट चलचित्र क्षेत्रमा पर्दापण गरेकी थिइन्। पछि उनी ''भिसा गर्ल'', ''ऋतु'' र ''बाटो मुनिको फूल २'' लगायतका चलचित्रहरूमा देखा परेकी थिइन्। उनले भारतको राजस्थान र अस्ट्रेलिया लगायतका स्थानहरूमा म्युजिक भिडियो र चलचित्रहरूको छायाङ्कनमा भाग लिएकी थिइन्। विश्वकर्माले टेलिभिजन कार्यक्रम ''[[नेपाल आइडल]]''को सह-सञ्चालकका रूपमा काम गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-09 |title=नेपाल आइडल सिजन २ आजदेखि |url=https://annapurnapost.com/news/nepaal-aaiddl-sijn-2-aajbaatt-105095 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=[[अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट]] |language=ne}}</ref> उनले नेपाली हास्य वास्तविक टेलिभिजन कार्यक्रम ''कमेडी च्याम्पियन''को पनि सञ्चालन गरिसकेकी छिन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-04 |title=होस्टिङमा पनि चुनौती थियो |url=https://saptahik.com.np/cinema/2020/02/04/20200204133106 |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=saptahik.com.np |language=ne}}</ref> == राजनीतिक जीवन == सन् २०२५ नोभेम्बर मा रीमा विश्वकर्मा ऊर्जा विज्ञ [[कुलमान घिसिङ]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]]मा प्रवेश गरेकी थिइन् र [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] (रास्वपा) सँगको व्यापक एकता र एकीकरणको छलफलका बिच पार्टीको समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व सूचीमा समावेश भएकी थिइन्। रास्वपा र उज्यालो नेपालबिच एकीकरणको घोषणापछि उज्यालो नेपालका समानुपातिक उम्मेदवारहरूलाई संयुक्त सूचीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSP, Bibeksheel Sajha to merge. In talks with Ujyalo Nepal, others |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/28/rsp-bibeksheel-sajha-to-merge-in-talks-with-ujyalo-nepal-others |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128033352/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/28/rsp-bibeksheel-sajha-to-merge-in-talks-with-ujyalo-nepal-others |first=Purushottam|last=Poudel|date=November 28, 2025|archive-date=2025-11-28|website=Kathmandu Post }}</ref> यद्यपि, नेतृत्व विवादका कारण १२ दिनपछि एकीकरण प्रक्रिया भङ्ग भएको थियो भने विश्वकर्मा रास्वपामै रहेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSP drops 17 Kulman loyalists from PR list, Rima Bishwakarma retained |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/rsp-drops-17-kulman-loyalists-from-pr-list-rima-bishwakarma-retained-88-34.html |date=January 11, 202|website=myRepublica }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RSP and Ujyaalo Nepal merger collapses amid leadership disputes |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/merger-talks-collapse-rsp-and-ujyaalo-nepal-call-emergency-meetings-64-99.html |date=January 10, 2026|website=myRepublica }}</ref><ref name="=rsp-ijyaalo-merger-failed">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-08 |title=RSP and Ujyaalo Nepal merger collapses amid leadership disputes |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/merger-talks-collapse-rsp-and-ujyaalo-nepal-call-emergency-meetings-64-99.html |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-11 |title=RSP–Ujyaalo Nepal unity collapses in just 12 Days |work=OnlineKhabar |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rsp-ujyaalo-nepal-unity-collapses.html |access-date=2026-01-26 |language=en}}</ref> विश्वकर्मा त्यसपछि [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२|२०८२ को आम निर्वाचन]]मा राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी (रास्वपा) बाट सांसद (प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य) निर्वाचित भएकी थिइन्। उनी पार्टीको समानुपातिक सूचीबाट [[दलित]] महिला कोटा अन्तर्गत निर्वाचित भएकी हुन्। उनले २०८२ चैत १९ मा [[नेपालको तेस्रो सङ्घीय संसद|नेपालको संसद]]मा आयोजित शपथ ग्रहण समारोहमा पद तथा गोपनीयताको शपथ लिएकी थिइन्। == अभिनित चलचित्रहरू == {| class="wikitable" |- ! वर्ष (सन्) ! चलचित्र ! भूमिका ! टिप्पणीहरू ! सन्दर्भ |- |२०११ |स्वर | | | |- |२०१२ |भिसा गर्ल |छाया | | |- |२०१४ |ऋतु |कृपा | | |- |२०१५ |इस्केप | | | |- |२०१६ |भाले फाइट | | | |- |२०१६ |बाटो मुनिको फूल २ | | | |- |२०२२ |हिजो आजका कुरा | | | |- |२०२३ |जाकी आइ एम २१ | | | |} === टेलिभिजन === {| class="wikitable" |+ !वर्ष (सन्) !कार्यक्रम !भूमिका !टिप्पणीहरू |- |२०१७-२०१८, २०२४ |[[नेपाल आइडल]] |सञ्चालक |सिजन १, २, ५-हाल |- |२०१९-२०२५ |[[कमेडी च्याम्पियन]] |सञ्चालक |सिजन १, २, ३-हाल |- |२०२३ |मेरो भ्वाइस युनिभर्स |सञ्चालक | |- |२०२२ |सारेगामापा लिटिल च्याम्प्स नेपाल |सञ्चालक | |} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * {{IMDb name|4378937}} * {{Facebook|name=रिमा विश्वकर्मा|id=rimabishwokarma}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टीका राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका सांसदहरू २०८२–]] [[श्रेणी:बर्दिया जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८९ मा जन्म]] ay1cfc482h0mdnowce80iloy6htz7cc 3 63638 1368004 1367634 2026-07-30T19:48:19Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* This Month in Education: July 2026 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1368004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box| search=yes| * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता१|पुराना सन्देशहरू १ : २०१७/०३/१७ सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता२|पुराना सन्देशहरू २ : २०२२/०७/२२सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता३|पुराना सन्देशहरू ३ : २०२३/०३/२१सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता४|पुराना सन्देशहरू ४ : २०२५/१०/२०८सम्म]] }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:५९, २८ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२५, ४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == This Month in Education: March 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 3 • March 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program|Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art & Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club|Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art & Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Exploring How Wikipedia Works|Exploring How Wikipedia Works]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit|Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Improving hearing health content in Brazil|Improving hearing health content in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries |Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikeys in the Albanian language|Wikeys in the Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia|Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Polska short report|Wikimedia Polska short report]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia|Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:३०, ९ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=24824837 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५०, ११ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:४०, १८ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:४८, २५ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:३०, २ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२१, ९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३०, १६ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> २२:४०, २२ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == This Month in Education: April 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 4 • April 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update|Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers|Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program|KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/On-line Courses for Educators in Poland|On-line Courses for Educators in Poland]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives|Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania |Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference|Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:१२, २३ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=24999562 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:४९, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:३७, ६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:३७, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५४, २० जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०४, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == This Month in Education: June 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 5 • June 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates|Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia|From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view|Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State|The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/WMB goes to Serbia |WMB goes to Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/But we don't want it to end!|But we don't want it to end!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:२९, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25147408 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३९, ११ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५३, १८ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०८:०५, २५ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३९, १ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०६, ८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == This Month in Education: July 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 7 • July 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign|Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program|Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus|Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation|WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium|Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/US & Canada program reaches 100M words added |US & Canada program reaches 100M words added]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers|Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba|Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony|Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book|Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book. Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources in Xalala, Veracruz from the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program|62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine|“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana|OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:१८, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25457946 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:४५, १५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> २१:१०, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १९:४५, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५३, १२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०५, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३६, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:१२, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:२४, ९ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == This Month in Education: September 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 7 • September 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference|Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs|Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa|Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools|WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia|WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education |Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:४६, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25700976 --> == Image Description Month in India Campaign == Dear Wikimedian, A2K has conducted an online activity or campaign which is an ongoing Image Description Month in India description-a-thon, a collaborative effort known as [[:m:Image Description Month|Image Description Month]]. This initiative aims to enhance image-related content across Wikimedia projects and is currently underway, running from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. Throughout this event, our focus remains centered on three primary areas: Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. We have outlined several tasks, including the addition of captions to images on Wikipedia, the association of images with relevant Wikidata items, and improvements in the organization, categorization, and captions of media files on Wikimedia Commons. To participate, please visit our dedicated [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event page]]. We encourage you to sign up on the respective meta page and generously contribute your time and expertise to make essential and impactful edits. Should you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at nitesh@cis-india.org or [[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]. Your active participation will play a significant role in enriching Wikimedia content, making it more accessible and informative for users worldwide. Join us in this ongoing journey of improvement and collaboration. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५४, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Satpal_(CIS-A2K)/Mahatma_Gandhi_2020_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=20516231 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३२, १७ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०१, २४ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०६, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५१, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == This Month in Education: October 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Volume 12 • Issue 8 • October 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye|3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community|CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan|Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci|Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU|PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab|PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities|WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi|Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book|Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023|Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:१९, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25784366 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३७, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:४०, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५४, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३५, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:५७, १२ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == This Month in Education: November 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 9 • November 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education|4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo|Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia|EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia|Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities|Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania |Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/First anniversary of the game Wikeys|First anniversary of the game Wikeys]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Involve visiting students in education programs|Involve visiting students in education programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing|Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy|Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin|Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach|Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Art Outreach at Aje Compreshensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland|Art Outreach at Aje Comprehensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment|PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:०९, १४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25919737 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०३, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]]बाट प्रश्न (००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३) == नमस्कार profile मा आफ्नो फोटो कसरी राख्ने --[[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) नमस्कार [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] तपाइले विकिमीडिया कमन्स [[यहाँ|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard]] आफ्नो तस्विरहरु अपलोड जानुपर्ने छ र तपाईको आवश्यकता अनुसार [[file:filename]] राखी प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]] ([[User talk:Nawaraj Ghimire|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२०, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) :Ok [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:२४, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:०५, ९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५८, १६ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:४९, २३ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१६, ३० जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०७, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == This Month in Education: January 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 1 • January 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia|Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students|Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania|Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Summer students at Auckland Museum|Summer students at Auckland Museum]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project|WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops|Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment|Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १५:४७, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26091771 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:३४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:२२, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०८, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३२, ५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:२५, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == This Month in Education: February 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 2 • February 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February|2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/More two wiki-education partnerships|More two wiki-education partnerships]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico|Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization|Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna|Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP - Call for Papers Research track|Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP – Call for Papers Research track]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:२३, २१ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26310117 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४२, २६ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:२१, २ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२२, ९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१४, १६ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१३, २३ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == This Month in Education: March 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 3 • March 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna|Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand|Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania|Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:१३, २८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26659969 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:१९, ३० अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ०४:३८, ३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३०, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४४, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == This Month in Education: April 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 4 • April 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/EduWiki Updates From Uganda|EduWiki Updates From Uganda]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024|Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil|Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project|Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project]]</div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०९:०५, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26698909 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४९, २१ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:००, २८ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२०, ४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:०५, ११ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == This Month in Education: May 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 5 • May 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024|Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan|Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia|Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons|Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi|We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series |Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA|Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:१५, १५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26854161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३४, १८ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:१८, २५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४४, २ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:१७, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == This Month in Education: June 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 6 • June 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect|From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico|5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students|Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024|First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy|Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects |Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions|Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration|Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १२:४३, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27085892 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:१६, १६ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५०, २३ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५६, ३० जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२९, ६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०७, १३ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:३९, २० अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१९, २७ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:५३, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == This Month in Education: August 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 7 • August 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran|Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba|Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine|Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024|Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount|Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning|Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon|Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop|Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:०६, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27310254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४८, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२२, २४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०६, १ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२८, ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०७, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३८, २२ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:४१, २९ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == This Month in Education: October 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 8 • October 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year|CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic|7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo|Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edu_Wiki_in_South_Sudan:_Creating_a_better_future_in_education|Empowering Digital Literacy through Wikimedia in South Sudan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD|Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month |New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms|Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global|WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills|Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact|Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club|WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27733413 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:४६, १९ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२७, २६ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०८, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०१, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == This Month in Education: November 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 9 • November 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language|Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week|Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania|Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024|Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in School |Wikidata birthday in School]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University|Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content|Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program|Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५८, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27879342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:१०, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:२७, १४ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:२२, २१ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:००, २८ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५४, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == [[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]]बाट प्रश्न (११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) == साच्चिकै लेख्न शैलीमा कस्तो प्रकारको शब्द चयन र प्रकाशन गर्दा कस्तो तरीकाबाट गर्न सकिन्छ हो मलाई Wikipediaको बारेमा ज्ञान् त छोइन अब सिक्न खोजिरहेको छु --[[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]] ([[User talk:मर्मिक|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == This Month in Education: January 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 1 • January 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey|Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education|Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran|Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra|Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey |Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania|Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia|Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia|Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil|Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४१, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28111205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५७, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०२, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२६, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०८:१६, ४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५५, ११ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == This Month in Education: February 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 2 • February 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute|Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs|Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen|Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica |Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles|Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar|Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28314249 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३३, १८ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Janak SK]]मा [[User:Janak SK|Janak SK]]को प्रश्न (१६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५) == रिमाल थर रिमाल थर नेपालमा पाइने एउटा थर हो, जसलाई गैरदलित र दलित समुदाय दुबैमा वर्गीकृत गर्न सकिन्छ। ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो थर विभिन्न भौगोलिक स्थानहरूमा फैलिएको पाइन्छ। इतिहास र उत्पत्ति रिमाल थरका व्यक्तिहरू मुख्य रूपमा बैतडी जिल्लाको दुगेडाकेदार गाउँपालिका अन्तर्गत पर्ने रिम भन्ने ठाउँबाट बसाई सरी आएका मानिन्छन्। करिब पाँच-छ सय वर्ष पहिले, त्यहाँका केही व्यक्तिहरू दार्चुलाको लेकम गाउँपालिका तथा अन्य विभिन्न स्थानमा बसाइँ सरेका थिए। त्यस समयमा स्थानीय भूगोलको आधारमा थर कायम गर्ने परम्पराअनुसार रिम क्षेत्रबाट आएका व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्नो थरलाई रिमाल भनेर संशोधित गरेका थिए। धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक पक्ष रिमाल थर भएका व्यक्तिहरू प्रमुख रूपमा हिन्दू धर्म मान्ने गर्छन्। उनीहरूले दशैँ, तिहार, जनै पूर्णिमा, र तीज जस्ता पर्वहरू विशेष रूपमा मनाउँछन्। परम्परागत रूपमा, तिनका संस्कार र चाडपर्वहरू क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताका आधारमा केही फरक देखिन्छ। रिमाल थरको विविधता रिमाल थर कुनै एकल समुदाय वा जातिमा मात्र सीमित छैन। नेपालमा पाइने सामाजिक तथा जातीय संरचनाका आधारमा यो थर विभिन्न समुदायमा रहेका व्यक्तिहरूले राखेको पाइन्छ। भूगोल, इतिहास, तथा पारिवारिक परम्पराका आधारमा यसको सामाजिक स्थान फरक हुन सक्छ। सम्बन्धित विषयहरू नेपालको थरहरूको उत्पत्ति बैतडी जिल्लाको ऐतिहासिक बसाइँसराइ नेपाली समाजमा थरको महत्व --- यो जानकारीलाई विकिपिडियामा पोस्ट गर्दा थप विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू उल्लेख गर्नुपर्छ। यदि थप प्रमाण र ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भहरू उपलब्ध छन् भने, तिनलाई पनि समावेश गर्दा राम्रो हुनेछ। --[[User:Janak SK|Janak]] ([[User talk:Janak SK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२८, २५ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५०, १ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, ८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == This Month in Education: March 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 3 • March 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia|A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia|Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania|Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme|Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March|Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४९, १० अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28458563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:१०, १५ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:४६, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:००, ६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == This Month in Education: April 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 4 • April 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia|Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil|The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools|EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja|Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues |Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania|Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza|Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:३३, १० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28656387 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२३, १३ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५८, २० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५०, २७ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == This Month in Education: May 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४३, २८ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28771448 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४०, ३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:०२, १० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२४, १७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०६, २४ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:०४, २७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२६, १ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५१, ८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५५, १५ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२८, २२ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:१२, २९ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == This Month in Education: July 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४६, १ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29005310 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:२६, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१५, १२ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२४, १९ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५८, २६ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:०१, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:००, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:५३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४१, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> ==[[:सुदन गुरुङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:सुदन गुरुङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत एक वास्तविक व्यक्ति वा मानिसहरूको समूहलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:सुदन गुरुङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। <!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:५२, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३८, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५५, २ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:०९, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४५, १४ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१७, २८ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ११:५०, २ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२०, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२३, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:४२, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:३१, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:३१, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४८, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:०७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१९, १३ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१५, २० जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०३, २७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:११, २९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:२९, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१६, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०२, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४९, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:३७, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:४०, ३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, १० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२१, १७ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> ==[[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%28%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE+-+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A8+%29|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५०, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:११, ३१ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १६:०६, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०४, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:०४, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:४६, २० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४६, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:५१, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२८, ५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०५, १२ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:०७, १९ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">You may be eligible to vote in the U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am contacting you because you previously voted in elections related to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. You may be eligible to vote in the current U4C election, which is open now and closes on 2 June 2026. You can find out more about the candidates and the election on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the election page on Meta]], and from there you can access the vote itself. Your participation in these elections is important to the governance of Wikimedia communities, and your time spent learning about the candidates and voting is appreciated. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) २३:०१, २० मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569826 --> == Belated Wiki Anniversary Wishes 🎉 == <div style="border: 3px solid #f75920; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.6em;"> [[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]] Dear [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]], Your wiki anniversary was '''26 days''' ago, marking '''12 years''' of dedicated service! I wanted to extend a heartfelt thanks for your amazing contributions. With over '''7,473''' edits, your dedication is an inspiration to the community. Wishing you all the best for the year ahead! ''Use this [https://wiki-anniversary.toolforge.org/ '''Tool'''] to send wiki anniversary wishes to other amazing Wikimedians.'' - [[User:Suyash.dwivedi|Suyash.dwivedi]] ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २१ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३७, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:३८, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५४, २ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:१५, ९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३४, १५ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१६, १८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १८:५०, २३ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:००, २८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १७:३३, २९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १९:४२, ६ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६]]मा [[User:Shivarokaha|Shivarokaha]]को प्रश्न (०२:३९, १० जुलाई २०२६) == Please help open this --[[User:Shivarokaha|Shivarokaha]] ([[User talk:Shivarokaha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०२:३९, १० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:५७, १३ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:३२, २१ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == [[:ओत (जनावर)|ओत (जनावर)]]मा [[User:हिमाल डुम्रे|हिमाल डुम्रे]]को प्रश्न (०९:५९, २७ जुलाई २०२६) == मैले स्याङ्जा वालिङ् को विभिन्न भागमा सानो तथा खैरो ओतका समूह देखेको छु --[[User:हिमाल डुम्रे|हिमाल डुम्रे]] ([[User talk:हिमाल डुम्रे|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५९, २७ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३५, २८ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०१:३३, ३१ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> 7utsxece80blpy7byu3ors1sfvp2q9p 0 64763 1367974 1283710 2026-07-30T14:43:59Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि शिक्षा''' शिक्षा शास्त्र संकाय अन्तरगतको एक विषय हो। ==नेपालमा सूचना प्रविधि शिक्षा== [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय]] अन्तरगत पठन पाठन हुने यो विषयको [[स्नातक]] तहको अध्यापन सन् २०११ देखि सुरू भएको थियो भने २०१३ देखि [[सूचना]] तथा [[सञ्चार]] [[प्रविधि]] शिक्षाको [[स्नातकोत्तर]] तह मा नयाँ पाठ्यक्रम शुरू गरेको छ। यो विषयको अध्यापन भक्तपुरस्थित [[सानोठिमी क्याम्पस]] लगायत विविन्न [[क्याम्पस]] मा सञ्चालन भयको छ । <ref>http://sanothimicampus.edu.np/icted.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012057/http://sanothimicampus.edu.np/icted.html |date=2016-03-05 }}</ref> सञ्चार प्रविधि विभाग सानोठिमी नेपालमा सुरु भएको हो। ==='''उद्देश्य:'''=== * [[सूचना]] [[सञ्चार]] [[प्रविधि]] (आईसीटी) को लागि दक्ष र योग्य शिक्षकहरू र शिक्षक तयार गर्ने। * [[E-learning]] अनुसन्धान को लागि प्रसिद्ध जनशक्ति तयार गर्ने। * त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयको विभिन्न सकाय अन्तर्गत [[सुचना]] तथा [[सञ्चार]] प्रबिधी शिक्षा नेपाली शिक्षा क्षेत्र को नया आयम थप्ने मध्याम बन्ने छ । * प्रदान गर्ने गहिरो वैचारिक समझ र नेटवर्क [[प्रविधि]], [[प्रोग्रामिंग]], [[ग्राफिक]], [[डेटाबेस]], [[E-Learning]] हाल प्रविधिको आदि ज्ञान [[कम्प्युटर]] / [[मोबाइल फोन|मोबाइल]] आवेदन अभिवृद्धि मा तेज व्यावहारिक सीप विकास गर्ने। ==स्नाकोत्तर तह सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि शिक्षा (M. ICTED)== [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय]] [[शिक्षाशात्र संकाय]] अन्तर्गत २०१३ मा [[सानोठिमी क्याम्पस]] मा सुरु भएको छ । [[सूचना]] [[सञ्चार]] [[प्रविधि]] क्षेत्रमा उच्च प्राबिधिक जनसक्ति उत्पादन गर्ने यो [[शिक्षा]] को प्रमखु उद्देश्य रहेको छ . संस्थापक M.ICTEd सुरु २०१३ देखि सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि शिक्षा (M.ICTEd.) को मास्टर्स तह मा नयाँ पाठ्यक्रम शुरू गरेको छ। कार्यक्रम सूचना सानोठिमी Campus [[विभाग]] र सञ्चार प्रविधि [[सानोठिमी]] भक्तपुरस्थित नेपालमा सुरु। ICTEd पाठ्यक्रम सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी शिक्षक आवश्यकतालाई पूरा गर्न सक्छन्। ==सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि शिक्षा अध्यापनरत क्याम्पस == {| class="wikitable" marge |- ! क्याम्पस !! ठेगाना !! वेब !! इमेल !! फोन |- | ‎[[सानोठिमी क्याम्पस]]|| [[भक्तपुर नगरपालिका| सानोठिमी भक्तपुर]]|| #[[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय ‎]] ||#[[016630283 ]]| |- | [[जन मैत्री क्याम्पस]] ||[[काठमाडौँ| जन मैत्री काठमाडौँ]] || #[[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय ‎ ]]||#[[०१४२८६२८३]] |- | [[महेन्द्ररत्न क्याम्पस ताहाचल]]|| [[काठमाडौँ| ताहाचल काठमाडौँ ]]|| #[[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय ]]|| |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [https://www.facebook.com/TU.ICTEd फेसबुक पृष्ठ ] * [http://icted.org.np सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि शिक्षा (वेभसाइट)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220024633/http://icted.org.np/ |date=2016-12-20 }} [[श्रेणी:शिक्षा]] [[श्रेणी:सूचना प्रविधि]] njrg6cf1vabcn7t6rgbhodrllrfpzhk 0 68272 1368008 1274261 2026-07-31T02:19:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = इबे इन्क | logo = [[File:EBay logo.svg|175px]] | image = | image_caption = | type = | traded_as = | foundation = | founder = | location_city = | location_country = [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]] | area_served = बिश्वब्यापी | key_people = | industry = | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | num_employees = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|ebay.com}} }} '''इबे''' ({{lang-en|eBay}}) अमेरिकि बहुराष्ट्रिय कम्पनी हो । जसले उपभोक्तालाई इन्टनेट मार्फत सामान खरिद विक्रि सम्बन्धी सेवा उपलब्ध गराउने गर्दछ । यस कम्पनीलाई सन् १९९५ मा पियर ओमिदयारले स्थापना गरी थालनी गरेको थिए । सन् २०११ मा इबेको लगभग ३० देशहरूमा सञ्चालन रहेको तथा एक बहु बिलियन डलर वाला व्यापार रहेको थियो।<ref name="Global Trade: 1. Finding International Items On eBay">{{cite web | accessdate = April 21, 2011 | publisher = ebay.com | title = Global Trade: 1. Finding International Items On eBay | quote = With sites in over 30 countries, eBay is the best place to find interesting and exotic items at discount prices from sellers around the World | url = http://pages.ebay.com/globaltrading/buyer/index.html }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127162053/http://pages.ebay.com/globaltrading/buyer/index.html |date=January 27, 2011 }}</ref> यस कम्पनीले इबेको अनलाईन वेभसाइट सञ्चालनमा ल्याइ विश्वभर अनलाईन लिलामी, सामान तथा सेवा खरिद विक्रिको सेवा उपलब्ध गराएको थियो । इबेको वेभसाइट खरिदकर्ताको लागि निःशुल्क तथा विक्रिकर्ताबाट सामानहरू वेभसाइटमा निःशुल्क संख्या भन्दा बढि सामान राख्नको लागि तथा विक्रिमा केही रकम असुल उपर गरी सेवा उपलब्ध गराउने गर्दथ्यो । <ref>{{cite web|title=Seller fees & invoices|url=http://pages.ebay.com.au/help/sell/seller-fees.html|work=eBay|accessdate=September 8, 2014}}</ref> ==इतिहास== [[File:Pomidyarji.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pierre Omidyar]], eBay को संस्थापक र अध्यक्ष]] ===1990s=== eBay को सेप्टेम्बर 3, 1995 मा [[क्यालिफोर्निया]] मा फ्रान्सेली-जन्म [[इरानी-अमेरिकी]] कम्प्युटर प्रोग्रामर [[पियरे ओमिड्यार]] द्वारा केहि अतिरिक्त पैसा कमाउने शौकको रूपमा स्थापना गरिएको थियो। |title=The Small-Scal Story Behind eBay's Big Bucks |first=LILY |last=ROTHMAN |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 3, 2015 |access-date=फेब्रुअरी 26, 2024, 2024=archive202015 | |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221023945/https://time.com/4013672/ebay-founded-story/ |url-status=live }}</ref> AuctionWeb मा बेचिएको पहिलो वस्तु मध्ये एउटा टुटेको थियो [[लेजर पोइन्टर।]]8 $4 को लागि। अचम्ममा परेर ओमिड्यारले बिजेता बोलपत्रदातालाई लेजर पोइन्टर भाँचिएको कुरा बुझे कि भनेर सोध्न सम्पर्क गरे। खरिदकर्ताले यसो भने: "म टुटेको लेजर पोइन्टर्सको सङ्कलनकर्ता हुँ।"<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidseideman/2014/05/20/part-2-how-to-hit-a-home-run-selling-on-ebay/ |title=Eight SellBy Title=Eight SFVD बाट |last=Seideman |work=[[Forbes]] |date=May 20, 2014 |url-access=limited |access-date=फेब्रुअरी 26, 2024 |archive-date=डिसेम्बर 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208072301/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidseideman/2014/05/20/part-2-how-to-hit-a-home-run-selling-on-ebay/ |url-status> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|EBay}} [[श्रेणी:इन्टरनेट कम्पनीहरू]] ixwm15zoe7469dvl0gatjlv2pzx2xf1 0 70728 1368006 1162105 2026-07-30T23:38:56Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name=अङ्कारा |settlement_type= महानगरीय नगरपालिका |nickname = टर्कीको मुटु |official_name= अङ्कारा महानगरीय नगरपालिका<br>''Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi'' |image_skyline= Ankara collage3.jpg |image_caption= '''अङ्कारामा रहेका दर्शनीय स्थलहरूको दृश्य''' |imagesize=270px | image_blank_emblem= | blank_emblem_type= | blank_emblem_size= |timezone=[[पूर्वी युरोपेली समय|युरोपेली समय]] |utc_offset=+२ |map_caption=टर्कीमा रहेको अङ्काराको स्थान |timezone_DST=ग्रीष्म समय |utc_offset_DST=+३ |latd=39 |latm=56 |latNS=N |longd=32 |longm=52 |longEW=E |coordinates_region=TR |coordinates_display= title |subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम सम्पन्न राष्ट्रहरूको सूची|राष्ट्र]] |subdivision_name =[[टर्की]] |subdivision_type1= क्षेत्र |subdivision_name1= केन्द्रीय एन्टोला |subdivision_type2=[[टर्कीका प्रान्तहरू|प्रान्त]] |subdivision_name2=[[अङ्कारा प्रान्त|अङ्कारा]] |population_metro=5,150,072 |population_total=5,150,072 {{increase}} |population_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey: Registered Population|url=http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18616|publisher=Official|accessdate=2015-02-08}}</ref> |population_as_of=२०१४ |population_density_km2= |area_total_km2=24,521 |pushpin_map=Turkey |pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption =अङ्काराको स्थान |pushpin_mapsize =270px |elevation_m=938 |postal_code_type=पोस्टल कोड |postal_code=०६xxx |area_code=३१२ |blank_info=०६ |blank_name= अनुमतिपत्र&nbsp;प्लेट |leader_name= मेलिह गोकेक |leader_party= |leader_title=मेयर |leader_title1=गवर्नर |leader_name1= मेहमत किकर |website={{url|http://www.ankara.bel.tr/}}<br/>{{url|http://www.ankara.gov.tr/}}<!-- http://ankara.ankaram.net/en/ --> }} '''अङ्कारा''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|ŋ|k|ə|r|ə}};<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ankara?showCookiePolicy=true|title=Ankara|accessdate=24 September 2014|publisher=Collins Dictionary|date=n.d.}}</ref> {{IPA-tr|ˈaŋ.ka.ɾa|3=Ankara pronunciation.ogg}}; ऐतिहासिक रूपमा '''एनकेरा''' तथा '''अङ्गोरा'''को नामले पनि जानिन्छ)। यो [[टर्की]]को [[राजधानी]] र दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर पनि हो। यो भन्दा ठुलो सहरको रूपमा [[इस्तानबुल]] रहेको छ। यो सहरको न्यूनतम अवनति {{convert|sp=us|938|m|ft}} रहेको छ। सन् २०१४ को जनगणना अनुसार यो सहरको जनसङ्ख्या ५१,५०,०७२ रहेको छ भने यसको महानगरीय नगरपालिकाको जनसङ्ख्या ४९,६५,५४२ रहेको छ ।<ref name="rapor.tuik.gov.tr">[http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=wa_buyukbelediye.RDF&p_kod=1&p_yil=2011&p_dil=1&desformat=html Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) – Büyükşehir belediyeleri ve bağlı belediyelerin nüfusları – 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006094859/http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=wa_buyukbelediye.RDF&p_kod=1&p_yil=2011&p_dil=1&desformat=html |date=2014-10-06 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/68/Ankara.html Ankara, Turkey: Latitude, Longitude and Altitude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711095906/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/68/Ankara.html |date=2021-07-11 }}</ref> == इतिहास == {{ठुटो}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{Commonscat|Ankara|अङ्कारा}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{क्षेत्रका आधारमा एसियाका राजधानीहरू}} [[श्रेणी:युरोपका सहरहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राजधानी सहरहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजनामा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:धेरै जनघनत्व भएका सहरहरू]] bscej48ce8idbdrb1kpo0c889zz982p 0 74524 1368026 1366215 2026-07-31T05:56:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* बहिरी सञ्चालक/ बाह्य सञ्चालक */ 1368026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata Infobox}} [[File:Meeting with the Board of Directors of NAITA.jpg|thumb|नर्थ अलाबामा इन्टरनेशनल ट्रेड एसोसिएसन (NAITA ) को सञ्चालक समितिको बैठक |280x280पिक्सेल]]{{कम्पनी sidebar}} '''सञ्चालक समिति''' भन्नाले कुनै पनि संस्था, [[व्यापार|व्यवसाय]], गैर नाफामुलक संस्था, सरकारी संस्था वा [[कम्पनी]]को सम्पूर्ण कार्यहरूको निरिक्षण गर्ने कार्यकारी समिती हो । [[सेयरधनी|शेयरधनी]]हरू मध्येबाट चुनिएका शेयरधनीहरूको समुह जसले संयुक्त रूपमा संस्था वा कम्पनीको सम्पूर्ण कार्यहरूको पूनरावलोकन गर्ने सञ्चालकहरूको समुहलाई जनाउँदछ । == भूमिका == * नीतिहरू स्थापना गरेर र रणनीतिक उद्देश्यहरू निर्धारन गरेर संगठनलाई सञ्चालन गर्ने * मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारीको चयन, नियुक्ति, समर्थन, प्रदर्शनको समीक्षा र बर्खास्त (मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी पदको नाम संगठन अनुसार फरक हुन्छ; मुख्य कार्यकारी, [[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत]], अध्यक्ष वा कार्यकारी सञ्चालक हुन सक्छ) * पर्याप्त वित्तीय स्रोतको उपलब्धता सुनिश्चित गर्ने * वार्षिक [[बजेट]] अनुमोदन * संगठनको कार्यसम्पादनको लागि सरोकारवालाहरूलाई उत्तरदायित्व लिने * वरिष्ठ [[व्यवस्थापन]]को तलब, क्षतिपूर्ति र सुविधा निर्धारण गर्ने == सञ्चालक == सञ्चालक समितिका सदस्यहरू संस्थाका सञ्चालकहरू हुन्। धेरै विशिष्ट अवस्थाहरूमा सञ्चालहरूलाई संगठनमा उनीहरूको अन्य सम्बन्धको आधारमा वर्गीकृत गरिन्छ।<ref>This section was developed from numerous definitions in [http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/inside-director/ USLegal.com], [http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/executive-director.html BusinessDictionary.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303050359/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/executive-director.html |date=3 March 2011 }}, [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/executive+director Dictionary.com], The Free Dictionary by Farlex ([http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Inside+Director "inside director"]; [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/executive+director "executive director"]; [http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/outside+director "outside director"]; [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonexecutive+director "non-executive director"]), [http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/executive-director Macmillan Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308011048/https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/executive-director |date=2021-03-08 }}, and [https://web.archive.org/web/20210414034735/http://www.economics-dictionary.com/definition/non-executive-director.html Economics-dictionary.com].</ref> === मानार्थ सदस्य === कम्पनीहरूले प्रायः एक पूर्व वरिष्ठ [[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत|कार्यकारी]] र पूर्व बोर्ड सदस्यलाई मानार्थ अध्यक्षको रूपमा नियुक्त गर्दछ, यो पदमा कुनै कार्यकारी अधिकार हुँदैन र कम्पनीमा व्यक्तिको नेतृवा र कार्यसम्पादनको सम्मानको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ। <ref name="honor">{{cite web |date=2013 |title=The Honorary President definition |url=https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/the-honorary-president |access-date=21 March 2023 |website=Law Insider}}</ref> === संस्थापक सञ्चालक === === स्वतन्त्र सञ्चालक === === भित्री सञ्चालक === भित्री सञ्चालक संगठनको कर्मचारी, अधिकारी, [[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत|प्रमुख कार्यकारी]], प्रमुख शेयरधारक, वा संगठन संग सम्बन्धित कोही सञ्चालक हो। भित्री सञ्चालकहरूले संस्थाको सरोकारवालाहरूको हितलाई प्रतिनिधित्व गर्छ, र प्रायः तिनीहरूको भित्री कार्यहरू, यसको वित्तीय वा बजार स्थिति, र यस्तै अन्य कुराहरूको विशेष ज्ञान हुन्छ। भित्री सञ्चालक: * प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकारी (सीईओ) जो समितिको अध्यक्ष पनि हुन सक्छ * संगठनका अन्य कार्यकारीहरू, जस्तै यसको मुख्य वित्तीय अधिकारी (CFO) वा कार्यकारी उपाध्यक्ष * ठूला [[सेयरधनी|शेयरधनी]] (जो कर्मचारी वा अधिकारीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन् वा नहुन सक्छन्) * अन्य सरोकारवालाहरू जस्तै मजदुर संगठन , प्रमुख ऋणदाताहरू, वा संस्था रहेको समुदायका प्रतिनिधिहरू === बहिरी सञ्चालक/ बाह्य सञ्चालक === बाहिरी सञ्चालक संगठनमा कार्यरत वा संलग्न नभएको सञ्चालक समिती सदस्य हो, र बाहिरी सञ्चालकले कुनै पनि सरोकारवालाको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दैन। उदाहरण एक सञ्चालक जो एक फरक उद्योगमा एक फर्मको अध्यक्ष।<ref name="Investopedia 2">{{Cite web |title=Outside Director |url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/outsidedirector.asp |access-date=24 May 2013 |publisher=Investopedia}}</ref> बाहिरका सञ्चालकहरू कम्पनीका कर्मचारी वा अन्य कुनै तरिकाले यससँग आबद्ध हुँदैनन्। बहिरी सञ्चालकले समितीमा बाहिरी अनुभव र दृष्टिकोणहरू ल्याउँछन्। उदाहरणका लागि, घरेलु बजारमा मात्र सेवा दिने कम्पनीका लागि, बाह्य सञ्चालकको रूपमा विश्वव्यापी बहुराष्ट्रिय निगमहरूका सीईओहरूको उपस्थितिले निर्यात र आयातका अवसरहरू र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यापार विकल्पहरू बारे अन्तर्दृष्टि प्रदान गर्न मद्दत गर्न सक्छ। == उदाहरण == उदाहरणको लागी [[नेपाल बीमा प्राधिकरण]]को सञ्चालक समितिको संरचना यस प्रकार रहेको छ<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board Members – नेपाल बीमा प्राधिकरण |url=https://nib.gov.np/board-of-directors/ |access-date=2023-02-08 |language=en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208102723/https://nib.gov.np/board-of-directors/ |date=2023-02-08 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+[[नेपाल बीमा प्राधिकरण]]को सञ्चालक समिति ! !सदस्य !प्रतिनीधित्व गर्ने संस्था ! |- |क |अध्यक्ष |नेपाल सरकार |[[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत|कार्यकारी प्रमुख]] |- |ख |सदस्य |सहसचिव, अर्थ मन्त्रालय |सञ्चालक |- |ग |सदस्य |सहसचिव, कानून, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय |सञ्चालक |- |घ |सदस्य |जीवन बीमा विशेषज्ञ |बाह्य सञ्चालक |- |ङ |सदस्य |निर्जीवन बीमा विशेषज्ञ |बाह्य सञ्चालक |} यहाँ (घ ) र (ङ) मा उल्लेख गरिएका सदस्यहरू बाह्य सञ्चालक हुन् । == संस्था/ व्यवसाय == ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[लेखापरीक्षण समिति]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:कम्पनी]] [[श्रेणी:लेखा]] 84vsf95anzv47dgdxcqmmrjjvhl83la 10 74880 1367989 1367704 2026-07-30T16:37:19Z Omnathpokh1 20435 1367989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar |name = महिला विरुद्धका हिंसाहरू |pretitle = [[:श्रेणी:महिला विरुद्धका हिंसाहरू|को शृङ्खला]]को भाग हो। |title = [[महिला विरुद्धका हिंसा]] | templatestyles = law sidebar style/styles.css | bodyclass = hlist law-sidebar |heading1 = हत्या |content1 = *[[वधू दहन]] *[[दाइजोको कारण मृत्यु]] *[[सम्मान हत्या]] *[[नारी हत्या]] *[[कन्या शिशु हत्या]] *[[मातृहत्या]] *[[गर्भावस्थासँग सम्बन्धित स्त्रीहत्या|गर्भावस्था स्त्रीहत्या]] *[[सती प्रथा]] *[[बहिनी हत्या]] *[[श्रीमती हत्या]] |heading2 = यौन आक्रमण र बलात्कार |content2 = *[[यौन हिंसाका कारणहरू]] *[[यौन शुद्धीकरण|बाल यौन आरम्भ]] *[[यौन हिंसा तथ्याङ्क]] *[[जबरजस्ती वेश्यावृत्ति]] **[[साइबरसेक्स तस्करी]] **[[मानव तस्करी]] **[[अनुष्ठान दासत्व]] **[[यौन दासत्व]] **[[यौनकर्मी विरुद्धको हिंसा|वेश्या विरुद्धको हिंसा]] *[[यौन दुर्व्यवहार पीडितहरूको आक्रमणपछिको उपचार]] *[[बलात्कार]] **[[परिचित व्यक्तिद्वारा बलात्कार|परिचित व्यक्तिद्वारा]] **[[छल गरेर बलात्कार|छल गरेर]] **[[संशोधन बलात्कार|संशोधन]] **[[डेट बलात्कार|डेट]] **[[बलात्कारको प्रभाव र परिणाम|प्रभावहरू]] **[[यौन हिंसाको शिकार हुनुसँग सम्बन्धित कारकहरू|कारकहरू]] **[[सामुहिक बलात्कार|सामुहिक]] **[[नरसंहार बलात्कार|नरसंहार]] **[[बलात्कारको इतिहास|इतिहास]] **[[बलात्कार सम्बन्धी कानूनहरू|कानुनहरू]] **[[वैवाहिक बलात्कार|वैवाहिक]] **[[बलात्कारबाट गर्भवती|गर्भवती]] **[[यौन हिंसा रोक्न पहलहरू|रोकथाम]] **[[कारागारमा बलात्कार|कारागारमा]] **[[बलात्कार तथ्याङ्क|तथ्याङ्कहरू]] **[[वैधानिक बलात्कार|वैधानिक]] **[[बलात्कारको धम्की|धम्की]] **[[अस्वीकार नगरिएको बलात्कार|अस्वीकार]] **[[युद्धकालीन यौन हिंसा|युद्धकालीन]] *[[यौन आक्रमण]] **[[क्याम्पसमा यौन आक्रमण|क्याम्पस]] **[[बाल यौन दुरुपयोग|बाल]] **[[सेनामा यौन दुर्व्यवहार|सेनामा ]] **[[सामूहिक यौन आक्रमण|सामूहिक]] *[[दोस्रो प्रकारको पीडितकरण]] *[[यौन हिंसा]] *[[कुमारी शुद्धी मिथक]] *[[यौन शुद्धीकरण#विधवाहरूको यौन शुद्धीकरण|विधवाहरूको यौन शुद्धीकरण]] |heading3 = विकृति |content3 = *[[तेजाब आक्रमण]] *[[स्तन इस्त्रीकरण]] *[[महिला यौनाङ्ग कर्तन]] **[[गिसिरी]] **[[इन्फिब्युलेसन]] *[[गोडा बन्धन]] |heading4 = अन्य मुद्दाहरू |content4 = *[[ग्याँसलाइटिङ]] *[[डेटिङ दुर्व्यवहार]] *[[घरेलु हिंसा]] **[[घरेलु हिंसाको रूपरेखा|रूपरेखा]] **[[घरेलु हिंसाको व्यवस्थापन|व्यवस्थापन]] **[[घरेलु हिंसा र गर्भावस्था|र गर्भावस्था]] *[[जबरजस्ती गर्भपतन]] *[[जबरजस्ती आहार]] *[[जबरजस्ती विवाह]] *[[जबरजस्ती गर्भ]] *[[अनिवार्य बन्ध्याकरण|जबरजस्ती बन्ध्याकरण]] *[[घनिष्ठ साथीबाट हुने हिंसा]] *[[वधू अपहरण|अपहरणद्वारा विवाह]] *[[बलात्कार-विवाह ऐन]] *[[अनलाइन लिङ्गमा आधारित हिंसा]] *''[[र्‍याप्टियो|राप्तियो]]'' *[[यौन दुर्व्यवहार]] *[[विषाक्त पुरुषत्व]] *[[प्रारम्भिक आधुनिक अवधिमा बोक्सी परीक्षणहरू|बोक्सी परीक्षण]] |heading5 = [[यौन हिंसाको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपरेखा]] |content5 = *[[महिला विरुद्धको भेदभाव उन्मूलन सम्बन्धी घोषणापत्र]] * [[महिला विरुद्ध हुने सबै प्रकारका भेदभाव उन्मूलन गर्ने महासन्धि १९७९]] * [[भिएना घोषणापत्र र कार्ययोजना]] * [[महिला विरुद्धको हिंसा उन्मूलन सम्बन्धी घोषणापत्र]] * [[बेलेम दो पारा सम्मेलन|बेलेम दो पारा]] * [[मापुटो प्रोटोकल|मापुटो]] * [[इस्तानबुल सम्मेलन]] |heading6 = सम्बन्धित विषयहरू |content6 = *[[लिङ्ग-लक्षित अपराधहरूको अभियोजन]] *[[महिलाको आवाश]] *[[महिला विरुद्ध हुने हिंसा उन्मूलनको लागि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय दिवस|२५ नोभेम्बर]] *[[महिला जननाङ्ग विकृतिको लागि शून्य सहनशीलताको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय दिवस|६ फेब्रुअरी]] *[[:श्रेणी:देशानुसार महिला विरुद्धका हिंसाहरू|देशानुसार]] *[[यौन र कानुन]] *[[पीडितशास्त्र|आहत शास्त्र]] *[[तेस्रो लिङ्गी व्यक्ति विरुद्धका हिंसा]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[:श्रेणी:महिला विरुद्धका हिंसाहरू]] * [[ढाँचा:पुरुष विरुद्धका हिंसा]] [[श्रेणी:महिला विरुद्धका हिंसा| ]] [[श्रेणी:हिंसा साइडबार ढाँचाहरू|महिला]] }}</noinclude> o33xebmlu9gsoxfig95uftm7lwmdnfp 0 82596 1368054 1232957 2026-07-31T08:01:14Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|चौधौँ शताब्दीकी कश्मीरी रहस्यवादी}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = लल्लेश्वरी | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = ks | image = <!-- just the name, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = सन् १३२० | birth_place = [[पान्द्रेथन]] (वर्तमान [[श्रीनगर]], [[जम्मु र काश्मीर]], [[भारत]]) | death_date = सन् १३९२ | death_place = [[काश्मीर उपत्यका|काश्मीर]] | other_names = लल्ला, लल्लेश्वरी, लाल आरिफा | known_for = [[वात्सुन]] कविता | notable_works = | style = | footnotes = }} '''लल्लेश्वरी''', ({{Circa|१३२०–१३९२)}} जसलाई सामान्यतया '''लाल देद'''को नामले पनि चिनिन्छ, [[हिन्दु दर्शन]]को [[काश्मीर शैव दर्शन|काश्मीर शैव]] सम्प्रदायकी एक [[कश्मीरी जाति|कश्मीरी]] दार्शनिक थिइन्।<ref name="MGChitkara2002">{{cite book | author=M. G. Chitkara | title=Kashmir Shaivism: Under Siege | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CK0DFijayQC&pg=PR14 | date=1 January 2002 | publisher=APH Publishing | isbn=978-81-7648-360-5 | pages=14–}}</ref><ref name="Kaul 2020">{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Shonaleeka |title=Remembering Lal Ded, the Kashmiri Yogini |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/oct/16/remembering-lal-ded-the-kashmiri-yogini-2210887.html |access-date=18 September 2021 |work=द न्यु इन्डियन एक्सप्रेस |date=October 16, 2020}}</ref> उनी [[वात्सुन]] वा ''वाख' (जसको अर्थ संस्कृतको ''[[वाच्]]'' बाट "वाणी" हुन्छ) भनिने रहस्यवादी कविता शैलीकी सर्जक थिइन्। लाल वाखका नामले परिचित उनका पद्यहरू [[कश्मीरी भाषा]]का प्रारम्भिक रचनाहरूमध्ये पर्दछन् र आधुनिक [[कश्मीरी साहित्य]]को इतिहासको एक अंश हुन्।<ref>[http://www.koausa.org/Music/LalVakh/index.html Lal Vakh online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511233728/http://koausa.org/Music/LalVakh/index.html |date=11 May 2008 }}</ref><ref name=lal>{{Cite web |url=http://www.koausa.org/Saints/LalDed/article7.html |title=Lal Ded's Vakhs |access-date=22 April 2008 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129074534/http://www.koausa.org/Saints/LalDed/article7.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> लल्लेश्वरी ("माता लाल" वा "माता लल्ला") लाई लाल द्याद (''द्याद'' को अर्थ "हजुरआमा" हुन्छ), लल्ला आरिफा, लाल दिद्दी, लल्लेश्वरी, लल्ला योगेश्वरी र लालिश्री लगायतका विभिन्न अन्य नामहरूले पनि चिनिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paniker|first=K. Ayyappa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=lal+dyad&pg=PA220|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|date=1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Temple2003">{{cite book|author=Richard Carnac Temple|title=Word of Lalla the Prophetess|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ec1Bv2wW_xkC|date=1 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|isbn=978-0-7661-8119-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.poetry-chaikhana.com/D/DedLal/ Lal Ded] www.poetry-chaikhana.com.</ref><ref>[http://www.radiokashmir.org/lalded/index.html Lal Ded] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919105514/http://www.radiokashmir.org/lalded/index.html |date=19 September 2008 }} www.radiokashmir.org.</ref> == जीवन == अधिकांश आधुनिक विद्वानहरू लल्लेश्वरीको जन्म सन् १३०१ देखि १३२० को बीचमा सेम्पोर वा [[पान्द्रेथन]] नजिकै भएको मान्छन्।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kaul 2020" /> उनको मृत्यु सन् १३७३ मा भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ र [[बिजबेहारा]] नजिकै रहेको एउटा समाधिसँग उनको नाम जोडिने गरे तापनि यसको कुनै आधिकारिक पुष्टि भने भएको छैन। लल्लेश्वरीको जन्म एक [[कश्मीरी ब्राह्मण]] परिवारमा भएको थियो र स्थानीय परम्परा अनुसार १२ वर्षको उमेरमा उनको विवाह भएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /> विवाहपछि परम्परा अनुसार उनको नाम पद्मावती राखिएको थियो, तर पनि उनलाई लल्ला वा लल्लेश्वरी नामले नै चिनिनिइरह्यो।<ref name=":1" /> केही विवरणहरूका अनुसार उनको वैवाहिक जीवन सुखद थिएन,<ref name=":1" /> जसका कारण उनले चौबीस देखि छब्बीस वर्षको उमेरमा घर छोडेर [[शैव सम्प्रदाय|शैव]] गुरु सिद्ध श्रीकण्ठ वा सेद बोयुकी शिष्या बनेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":0" /> आफ्नो धार्मिक शिक्षाको अंश स्वरूप, उनी आफैँ शिक्षिका र आध्यात्मिक नेता बन्नु अघि भिक्षामा निर्भर रहँदै एक्लै पैदल यात्रा गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":0" /> लल्लेश्वरीको जीवनका अभिलेखहरू मौखिक परम्परामा आधारित छन्, जसका कारण उनको जीवन र विश्वासका विवरणहरूमा विभिन्नता पाइन्छ।<ref name=":0" /> जोनोराज, श्रीवर, प्राज्यभट्ट र [[हैदर मलिक]] चदुरा जस्ता विद्वानहरूद्वारा तयार पारिएका धेरै समकालीन कश्मीरी इतिहासहरूमा लल्लेश्वरीको उल्लेख गरिएको छैन।<ref name=":0" /> लल्लेश्वरीको जीवनको पहिलो लिखित अभिलेख मुल्ला अली रैनाद्वारा लिखित सन्त तथा धार्मिक व्यक्तित्वहरूको जीवनीको सङ्ग्रह 'तधकिरात-उल-आरिफिन' (सन् १५८७) मा पाइन्छ, र त्यसपछि बाबा दाउद मिश्कातीको 'असरार उल-अकबर' (सन् १६५४) मा उनको जीवनको विवरण दिइएको छ। यी ग्रन्थहरूमा लल्लेश्वरीलाई यात्रुहरूका सामु जङ्गलमा प्रकट हुने एक रहस्यवादी सन्तका रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ।<ref name=":0" /> सन् १७३६ मा ख्वाजा आजम दिद्दामारीको 'तारीख-इ-अजमी' मा लल्लेश्वरीको जीवनको अझ विस्तृत विवरण समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /> उनको उल्लेख फारसी ऐतिहासिक ग्रन्थ 'वाकियात-इ-काश्मीर' (सन् १७४६) मा पनि पाइन्छ, जसमा उनलाई सुल्तान अलाउ-उद्-दिन (सन् १३४३–५४) को शासनकालमा परिचित र सुल्तान शिहाब-उद्-दिन (सन् १३५४–७३) को शासनकालमा निधन भएको उल्लेख गरिएको छ।<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Laldyada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s82RBWcbrT8C&q=Lal+Ded|title=Mystical Verses of Lallā: A Journey of Self Realization|date=2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|isbn=978-81-208-3255-8|pages=4|language=en}}</ref> लल्लेश्वरीलाई [[मीर सय्यद अली हमदानी]]का समकालीन पनि मानिन्छ, जो एक इरानी [[सूफीवाद|सूफी]] विद्वान र कवि थिए। उनले काश्मीर यात्राका क्रममा आफ्नै कविताहरूमा उनका कथाहरू सङ्ग्रहित गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Grierson|first1=Sir George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nh19CgAAQBAJ&dq=Lal+Ded&pg=PP1|title=Lalla-Vakyani or the Wise Sayings of Lal-Ded - A Mystic Poetess of Ancient Kashmir|last2=Barnett|first2=Lionel D.|date=2013-04-18|publisher=Read Books Ltd|isbn=978-1-4474-9436-2|language=en}}</ref> == साहित्यिक कृतिहरू == लल्लेश्वरीका कविताहरू कश्मीरी साहित्यका सबभन्दा पुराना रचनाहरू मानिन्छन्, जुन उत्तर भारतमा बोलिने अपभ्रंश प्राकृतबाट कश्मीरी भाषा एक छुट्टै भाषाका रूपमा विकसित हुन थालेका बेला रचिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ded|first1=Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGAengEACAAJ|title=I, Lalla: The Poems of Lal Ded|last2=Laldyada|date=2013|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-342078-1|pages=x|language=en}}</ref> लल्लेश्वरीका नाममा कुल २८५ वटा कविताहरू रहेका छन्, जसलाई 'वाख' भनिन्छ।<ref name=":0" /> यसमा कश्मीरी लोरी [[हुकुस बुकुस]] पनि समावेश छ। लल्लेश्वरीका 'वाख'हरूमा उनको जीवनकालमा भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपसँग सम्पर्कमा आएका विभिन्न संस्कृति र भाषाहरू, विशेष गरी संस्कृत, इस्लामी र सूफी संस्कृतिहरूको प्रभाव पाइन्छ।<ref name=":0">I, Lalla: The Poems of Lal Ded, translated by Ranjit Hoskote with an Introduction and Notes, Penguin Classics, 2011, p. xiv {{ISBN|978-0-670-08447-0}}.</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:महिला व्यक्तित्वहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय महिला साहित्यकारहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु कविहरू]] g8mx96qc9nz62skml6m8hgkfrug1rmf 1368104 1368054 2026-07-31T08:32:54Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|चौधौँ शताब्दीकी कश्मीरी रहस्यवादी}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = लल्लेश्वरी | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = ks | image = <!-- just the name, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = सन् १३२० | birth_place = [[पान्द्रेथन]] (वर्तमान [[श्रीनगर]], [[जम्मु र काश्मीर]], [[भारत]]) | death_date = सन् १३९२ | death_place = [[काश्मीर उपत्यका|काश्मीर]] | other_names = लल्ला, लल्लेश्वरी, लाल आरिफा | known_for = [[वात्सुन]] कविता | notable_works = | style = | footnotes = }} '''लल्लेश्वरी''', ({{Circa|१३२०–१३९२)}} जसलाई सामान्यतया '''लाल देद'''को नामले पनि चिनिन्छ, [[हिन्दु दर्शन]]को [[काश्मीर शैव दर्शन|काश्मीर शैव]] सम्प्रदायकी एक [[कश्मीरी जाति|कश्मीरी]] दार्शनिक थिइन्।<ref name="MGChitkara2002">{{cite book | author=M. G. Chitkara | title=Kashmir Shaivism: Under Siege | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CK0DFijayQC&pg=PR14 | date=1 January 2002 | publisher=APH Publishing | isbn=978-81-7648-360-5 | pages=14–}}</ref><ref name="Kaul 2020">{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Shonaleeka |title=Remembering Lal Ded, the Kashmiri Yogini |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/oct/16/remembering-lal-ded-the-kashmiri-yogini-2210887.html |access-date=18 September 2021 |work=द न्यु इन्डियन एक्सप्रेस |date=October 16, 2020}}</ref> उनी [[वात्सुन]] वा ''वाख' (जसको अर्थ संस्कृतको ''[[वाच्]]'' बाट "वाणी" हुन्छ) भनिने रहस्यवादी कविता शैलीकी सर्जक थिइन्। लाल वाखका नामले परिचित उनका पद्यहरू [[कश्मीरी भाषा]]का प्रारम्भिक रचनाहरूमध्ये पर्दछन् र आधुनिक [[कश्मीरी साहित्य]]को इतिहासको एक अंश हुन्।<ref>[http://www.koausa.org/Music/LalVakh/index.html Lal Vakh online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511233728/http://koausa.org/Music/LalVakh/index.html |date=11 May 2008 }}</ref><ref name=lal>{{Cite web |url=http://www.koausa.org/Saints/LalDed/article7.html |title=Lal Ded's Vakhs |access-date=22 April 2008 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129074534/http://www.koausa.org/Saints/LalDed/article7.html |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129074534/http://www.koausa.org/Saints/LalDed/article7.html |date=29 January 2020 }}</ref> लल्लेश्वरी ("माता लाल" वा "माता लल्ला") लाई लाल द्याद (''द्याद'' को अर्थ "हजुरआमा" हुन्छ), लल्ला आरिफा, लाल दिद्दी, लल्लेश्वरी, लल्ला योगेश्वरी र लालिश्री लगायतका विभिन्न अन्य नामहरूले पनि चिनिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paniker|first=K. Ayyappa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=lal+dyad&pg=PA220|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|date=1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Temple2003">{{cite book|author=Richard Carnac Temple|title=Word of Lalla the Prophetess|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ec1Bv2wW_xkC|date=1 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|isbn=978-0-7661-8119-9}}</ref><ref>[http://www.poetry-chaikhana.com/D/DedLal/ Lal Ded] www.poetry-chaikhana.com.</ref><ref>[http://www.radiokashmir.org/lalded/index.html Lal Ded] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919105514/http://www.radiokashmir.org/lalded/index.html |date=19 September 2008 }} www.radiokashmir.org.</ref> == जीवन == अधिकांश आधुनिक विद्वानहरू लल्लेश्वरीको जन्म सन् १३०१ देखि १३२० को बीचमा सेम्पोर वा [[पान्द्रेथन]] नजिकै भएको मान्छन्।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kaul 2020" /> उनको मृत्यु सन् १३७३ मा भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ र [[बिजबेहारा]] नजिकै रहेको एउटा समाधिसँग उनको नाम जोडिने गरे तापनि यसको कुनै आधिकारिक पुष्टि भने भएको छैन। लल्लेश्वरीको जन्म एक [[कश्मीरी ब्राह्मण]] परिवारमा भएको थियो र स्थानीय परम्परा अनुसार १२ वर्षको उमेरमा उनको विवाह भएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /> विवाहपछि परम्परा अनुसार उनको नाम पद्मावती राखिएको थियो, तर पनि उनलाई लल्ला वा लल्लेश्वरी नामले नै चिनिनिइरह्यो।<ref name=":1" /> केही विवरणहरूका अनुसार उनको वैवाहिक जीवन सुखद थिएन,<ref name=":1" /> जसका कारण उनले चौबीस देखि छब्बीस वर्षको उमेरमा घर छोडेर [[शैव सम्प्रदाय|शैव]] गुरु सिद्ध श्रीकण्ठ वा सेद बोयुकी शिष्या बनेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":0" /> आफ्नो धार्मिक शिक्षाको अंश स्वरूप, उनी आफैँ शिक्षिका र आध्यात्मिक नेता बन्नु अघि भिक्षामा निर्भर रहँदै एक्लै पैदल यात्रा गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":0" /> लल्लेश्वरीको जीवनका अभिलेखहरू मौखिक परम्परामा आधारित छन्, जसका कारण उनको जीवन र विश्वासका विवरणहरूमा विभिन्नता पाइन्छ।<ref name=":0" /> जोनोराज, श्रीवर, प्राज्यभट्ट र [[हैदर मलिक]] चदुरा जस्ता विद्वानहरूद्वारा तयार पारिएका धेरै समकालीन कश्मीरी इतिहासहरूमा लल्लेश्वरीको उल्लेख गरिएको छैन।<ref name=":0" /> लल्लेश्वरीको जीवनको पहिलो लिखित अभिलेख मुल्ला अली रैनाद्वारा लिखित सन्त तथा धार्मिक व्यक्तित्वहरूको जीवनीको सङ्ग्रह 'तधकिरात-उल-आरिफिन' (सन् १५८७) मा पाइन्छ, र त्यसपछि बाबा दाउद मिश्कातीको 'असरार उल-अकबर' (सन् १६५४) मा उनको जीवनको विवरण दिइएको छ। यी ग्रन्थहरूमा लल्लेश्वरीलाई यात्रुहरूका सामु जङ्गलमा प्रकट हुने एक रहस्यवादी सन्तका रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ।<ref name=":0" /> सन् १७३६ मा ख्वाजा आजम दिद्दामारीको 'तारीख-इ-अजमी' मा लल्लेश्वरीको जीवनको अझ विस्तृत विवरण समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /> उनको उल्लेख फारसी ऐतिहासिक ग्रन्थ 'वाकियात-इ-काश्मीर' (सन् १७४६) मा पनि पाइन्छ, जसमा उनलाई सुल्तान अलाउ-उद्-दिन (सन् १३४३–५४) को शासनकालमा परिचित र सुल्तान शिहाब-उद्-दिन (सन् १३५४–७३) को शासनकालमा निधन भएको उल्लेख गरिएको छ।<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Laldyada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s82RBWcbrT8C&q=Lal+Ded|title=Mystical Verses of Lallā: A Journey of Self Realization|date=2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|isbn=978-81-208-3255-8|pages=4|language=en}}</ref> लल्लेश्वरीलाई [[मीर सय्यद अली हमदानी]]का समकालीन पनि मानिन्छ, जो एक इरानी [[सूफीवाद|सूफी]] विद्वान र कवि थिए। उनले काश्मीर यात्राका क्रममा आफ्नै कविताहरूमा उनका कथाहरू सङ्ग्रहित गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Grierson|first1=Sir George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nh19CgAAQBAJ&dq=Lal+Ded&pg=PP1|title=Lalla-Vakyani or the Wise Sayings of Lal-Ded - A Mystic Poetess of Ancient Kashmir|last2=Barnett|first2=Lionel D.|date=2013-04-18|publisher=Read Books Ltd|isbn=978-1-4474-9436-2|language=en}}</ref> == साहित्यिक कृतिहरू == लल्लेश्वरीका कविताहरू कश्मीरी साहित्यका सबभन्दा पुराना रचनाहरू मानिन्छन्, जुन उत्तर भारतमा बोलिने अपभ्रंश प्राकृतबाट कश्मीरी भाषा एक छुट्टै भाषाका रूपमा विकसित हुन थालेका बेला रचिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ded|first1=Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGAengEACAAJ|title=I, Lalla: The Poems of Lal Ded|last2=Laldyada|date=2013|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-342078-1|pages=x|language=en}}</ref> लल्लेश्वरीका नाममा कुल २८५ वटा कविताहरू रहेका छन्, जसलाई 'वाख' भनिन्छ।<ref name=":0" /> यसमा कश्मीरी लोरी [[हुकुस बुकुस]] पनि समावेश छ। लल्लेश्वरीका 'वाख'हरूमा उनको जीवनकालमा भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपसँग सम्पर्कमा आएका विभिन्न संस्कृति र भाषाहरू, विशेष गरी संस्कृत, इस्लामी र सूफी संस्कृतिहरूको प्रभाव पाइन्छ।<ref name=":0">I, Lalla: The Poems of Lal Ded, translated by Ranjit Hoskote with an Introduction and Notes, Penguin Classics, 2011, p. xiv {{ISBN|978-0-670-08447-0}}.</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:महिला व्यक्तित्वहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय महिला साहित्यकारहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु कविहरू]] bit17f2dj6unoe5y64gqvrxoq45uzpu 0 82597 1368052 1232971 2026-07-31T07:54:12Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ.jpg|thumb|250px|जन्मस्थल दावणगेरेको मन्दिरमा स्थापित अक्का महादेवीको [[मूर्ति]]]] [[File:Akkamahadevi Vachana (extracted).JPG|thumb|right|250px|अक्का महादेवीद्वारा रचित एक प्रसिद्ध 'वचन' (कविता)]] '''अक्का महादेवी''' (११३०–११६०) [[कन्नड साहित्य]]की एक प्रारम्भिक महिला कवि<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karnatakasinfo.blogspot.com/2013/07/kannadas-first.html|title=Interesting Facts About Karnataka: Kannada's First|first=Abhijit|last=Hipparagi|date=30 July 2013|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> र १२औँ शताब्दीमा स्थापना भएको [[हिन्दु धर्म]]को [[लिङ्गायत धर्म|लिङ्गायत]] सम्प्रदायकी प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/167389/karnataka-lingayat-veerashaive- |title=banajiga debate "Making Sense of the Lingayat vs Veerashaiva Debate". |access-date=31 March 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226164933/https://thewire.in/167389/karnataka-lingayat-veerashaive- |url-status=dead }}</ref> उनका ४३० वटा [[वचन साहित्य|वचन]]हरू (स्वतस्फूर्त आध्यात्मिक कविताहरूको रूप), र 'मन्त्रोगोप्य' तथा 'योगाङ्गत्रिविधि' नामका दुई छोटो रचनाहरू [[कन्नड साहित्य]]मा उनका प्रमुख योगदान मानिन्छन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-bookreview/biography-of-a-mystic-poet|title=Biography of a mystic poet|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 September 2006|access-date=14 April 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> "अनुभव मण्डप"मा आयोजित आध्यात्मिक छलफलहरूमा उनको उच्च स्थानको सम्मानस्वरूप [[बसवन्न]], सिद्धराम र अल्लामप्रभु जस्ता सन्तहरूले उनलाई 'अक्का' ("ठुली दिदी" वा "आमा") उपाधि दिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mudde |first=Raggi |date=2011-09-23 |title=An Epitome of Feminism - Akka Mahadevi |url=https://www.karnataka.com/personalities/akka-mahadevi/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Karnataka.com |language=en-US}}</ref> उनलाई कन्नड साहित्य र कर्नाटकको इतिहासमा एक प्रमुख महिला व्यक्तित्वको रूपमा मानिन्छ। उनले भगवान् [[शिव]] ("चेन्न मल्लिकाार्जुन") लाई आफ्नो पतिको रूपमा स्वीकार गरेकी थिइन् (जसलाई परम्परागत रूपमा भक्ति भावको 'माधुर्य भाव' मानिन्छ)।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mudaliar |first=Chandra Y |date=1991 |title=Religious Experiences of Hindu Women: A Study of Akka Mahadevi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20717064 |journal=Mystics Quarterly |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=137–146 |jstor=20717064 |issn=0742-5503}}</ref> == जीवनी == अक्का महादेविको जन्म सन् ११३० को आसपास भारतको [[कर्नाटक]] राज्यको [[शिमोगा]] नजिकै रहेको [[उडुतडी]]मा भएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u297RJP9gvwC&q=tharu+lalita+women+writing+in+india|title=Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century|last1=Tharu|first1=Susie |last2=Lalita|first2=K.|date=1991-01-01|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=9781558610279|pages=78|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/a-pleasant-surprise-for-the-people/article3167431.ece|title=A pleasant surprise for the people|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 March 2006|access-date=14 April 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> केही विद्वानहरूका अनुसार उनी निर्मलशेट्टी र सुमति दम्पतीको छोरीको रूपमा जन्मिएकी थिइन्, जो दुवै [[शिव]]का भक्त थिए।<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Mudaliar|first=Chandra Y|date=1991-01-01|title=Religious Experiences of Hindu Women: A Study of Akka Mahadevi|jstor=20717064|journal=Mystics Quarterly|volume=17|issue=3|pages=137–146}}</ref> पाश्चात्य स्रोतहरूका अनुसार उनको जीवनका बारेमा धेरै कम जानकारी उपलब्ध छ, यद्यपि मौखिक परम्परा र उनका आफ्नै कविताहरूका आधारमा उनका बारेमा विभिन्न भारतीय सन्त-जीवनी, लोककथा र पौराणिक दाबीहरू गरिएका छन्। उदाहरणका लागि, उनका रचनाहरूमध्ये एउटामा शिवको भक्तिमा समर्पित हुन आफ्नो जन्मस्थान र परिवार छोडेको अनुभव उल्लेख भएको देखिन्छ।<ref name=":0" /> [[सुजी थारू]] र [[के. ललिता]]ले उल्लेख गरे अनुसार कौशिक नामका एक स्थानीय [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] राजाले उनीसँग विवाह गर्न चाहेका थिए, तर उनले शिवप्रतिको भक्ति मार्ग रोज्दै राजाको प्रस्ताव अस्वीकार गरिदिएकी थिइन्।<ref name=":0" /> यद्यपि, यी विवरणहरूको आधार मानिएका मध्यकालीन स्रोतहरू अस्पष्ट र अनिर्णायक छन्।<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|date=1992-01-01|title=Rebels — Conformists? Women Saints in Medieval South India|jstor=40462578|journal=Anthropos|volume=87|issue=1/3|pages=133–146}}</ref> ती स्रोतहरूमा उनका कविता वा 'वचन'हरूको सन्दर्भ समावेश छ, जसमा उनले राजासँग विवाह गर्नका लागि तीनवटा शर्तहरू राखेकी थिइन्; जसमा राजासँग समय बिताउनुको सट्टा भक्तिमा वा अन्य विद्वान र धार्मिक व्यक्तित्वहरूसँग छलफलमा समय बिताउने छनोटको अधिकार पनि समावेश थियो।<ref name=":3" /> मध्यकालीन विद्वान तथा कवि [[हरिहर (कवि)|हरिहर]]ले आफ्नो जीवनीमा यो विवाह केवल नाम मात्रको थियो भन्ने सुझाव दिएका छन् भने चामसारका अन्य विवरणहरूले ती शर्तहरू स्वीकार नगरिएकाले विवाह नै नभएको उल्लेख गरेका छन्।<ref name=":3" /> हरिहरको विवरण अनुसार जब राजा कौशिकले उनले राखेका शर्तहरूको उल्लङ्घन गरे, तब अक्का महादेविले कपडासहित आफ्ना सम्पूर्ण सम्पत्ति त्यागेर भगवान् शिवको धाम [[श्रीशैलम]]तर्फ यात्रा गर्न दरबार छोडिन्।<ref name=":3" /> अन्य वैकल्पिक विवरणहरूका अनुसार अक्का महादेविको यो त्यागको कार्य राजाको प्रस्ताव अस्वीकार गरेपछि राजाले दिएको धम्कीको प्रतिक्रिया स्वरूप थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Michael|first=R. Blake|date=1983-01-01|title=Women of the Śūnyasaṃpādane: Housewives and Saints in Vīraśaivism|jstor=601458|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=103|issue=2|pages=361–368|doi=10.2307/601458}}</ref> यात्राको क्रममा उनले कल्याण सहरको भ्रमण गरेको सम्भावना छ, जहाँ उनले [[लिङ्गायत धर्म|लिङ्गायत]] आन्दोलनका दुई प्रमुख व्यक्तित्वहरू [[अल्लाम प्रभु|अल्लामा]] र [[बसव]]लाई भेटेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":0" /> आफ्नो जीवनको अन्त्यतिर उनले [[नल्लमाला पहाड|श्रीशैलम पर्वत]]तर्फ यात्रा गरी तपस्वीका रूपमा जीवन बिताएकी थिइन् र सोही ठाउँमा उनको निधन भएको भनि विश्वास गरिन्छ।<ref name=":0" /> अक्का महादेविको नाममा रहेको एक 'वचन' अनुसार जीवनको अन्त्यतिर राजा कौशिकले उनलाई भेटेर क्षमायाचना गरेका थिए।<ref name=":3" /> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Akka Mahadevi}} [[श्रेणी:महिला व्यक्तित्वहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय महिला साहित्यकारहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कन्नड मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु कविहरू]] er79zz7iuil8awh5qeh23yn25fs65ey 0 83928 1367957 1310009 2026-07-30T13:05:00Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म १९९३)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = रुबिना क्षेत्री | female = true | image = Rubina Chhetri Nepali cricketer.jpg | country = नेपाल | fullname = रुबिना क्षेत्री बेलबासी<ref name="ICC">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1054922 |title=Thailand plays host as the road to the Women's T20 and 50-over World Cups begins |work=International Cricket Council |accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref> | nickname = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1993|11|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[नेपाल]] | heightft = | heightinch = | heightm = | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = [[बलिङ (क्रिकेट)|बलर]] | international = true | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | T20Icap = १ | lastT20Idate = २२ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = मलेसिया | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५८ | runs1 = ७७४ | bat avg1 = २३.४५ | 100s/50s1 = १/१ | top score1 = ११८[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = १,०६२ | wickets1 = ४२ | bowl avg1 = १६.६६ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ४/२ | catches/stumpings1 = १७/० | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500726.html क्रिकइन्फो | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''रुबिना क्षेत्री''' (जन्म: ११ मङ्सिर २०५०) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|नेपाली महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]बाट दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिको बलरका रूपमा खेल्ने नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी हुन्। उनी [[नेरी थापा]]को ठाउँमा सन् २०१२ (वि.सं. २०६९) मा टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी पूर्व कप्तान हुन्। सन् २००९ (वि.सं. २०६६) मा उनी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलमा नेपालका लागि [[ह्याट्रिक (क्रिकेट)|ह्याट्रिक]] लिने पहिलो क्रिकेट खेलाडी बनेकी थिइन् र सन् २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) मा उनले [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय]] (टि२०आई) मा नेपालको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक लिएकी थिइन्। == प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा == क्षेत्री पूर्वी नेपालको [[झापा जिल्ला]]को [[मेचीनगर नगरपालिका]]मा पर्ने [[काँकडभिट्टा]]की बासिन्दा हुन्।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rishi |title=Rubina creates cricket history |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/news-archives/rubina-creates-cricket-history |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The Himalayan Times]] |date=5 July 2009 |language=en}}</ref> उनलाई उनकी आमाले एक्लै हुर्काएकी हुन्,<ref name="s 2021-07-24">{{cite web |title=Rubina Chhetry: Captain, Nepal Cricket Team |url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/43WsueifskBUio4q68mFXn |website=Cow Corner podcast |publisher=[[Spotify]] |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=24 July 2021}}</ref> र उनले झापाको नर्थ पोइन्ट स्कुलमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/> सानै उमेरदेखि उनी खेलकुदप्रति आकर्षित थिइन्। सुरुमा उनले टेबल टेनिस र भलिबल खेल्ने गरेकी थियन्।<ref name="fc 2019-01-08">{{cite web |last1=Yadav |first1=Vishal |title=Female Cricket Interviews Rubina Chhetri – Captain of Nepal Women's National Cricket team |url=https://femalecricket.com/female-cricket-blogs/1543-female-cricket-interviews-rubina-chhetri-captain-of-nepal-women-s-national-cricket-team.html |website=Female Cricket |access-date=27 April 2022 |date=8 January 2019}}</ref> क्षेत्री १२ वर्षकी छँदा उनले पहिलोपटक क्रिकेट खेलेकी थिइन्।<ref name="fc 2019-01-08"/> उनको घर नजिकै एउटा मैदान थियो जहाँ उनका दाजु पवन क्षेत्री, उनका काका/मामाका छोरा र गाउँका अन्य केटाहरू क्रिकेट खेल्ने गर्दथे।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/><ref name="fc 2017-08-07">{{cite web |last1=Yadav |first1=Vishal |title=Interview with Rubina Chhetri – Captain of Nepal Women's Cricket Team |url=https://femalecricket.com/female-cricket-blogs/881-interview-with-rubina-chhetri-captain-of-nepal-women-s-cricket-team.html |website=Female Cricket |access-date=27 April 2022 |date=7 August 2017}}</ref> उनी आफ्नो घरको कौसी नजिकै बसेर उनीहरूलाई हेर्ने गर्थिन्। एक दिन उनी आफ्ना दाजुसँगै मैदानमा गइन् र खेलमा सामेल भइन्।<ref name="fc 2019-01-08"/><ref name="fc 2017-08-07"/> क्षेत्री र उनका दाजुले विद्यालयमा पनि क्रिकेट खेल्थे र उनले त्यहाँ भलिबल पनि खेल्ने गर्थिन्।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/> उनलाई आफ्नो पढाइ र अन्य जिम्मेवारीहरूसँगै क्रिकेट गतिविधिलाई व्यवस्थापन गर्न कठिनाइ भएको थियो। यद्यपि, उनको परिवारले उनलाई प्रेरित गर्दै उनका निर्णयहरूको सम्मान गरेको थियो। उनी भारतका [[राहुल द्रविड]] र अस्ट्रेलियाका [[ब्रेट ली]] जस्ता आफ्ना आदर्श खेलाडीहरूबाट पनि प्रेरित भएकी थिइन्।<ref name="fc 2017-08-07"/> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == काठमाडौँमा भएको छनोट प्रतियोगिता खेलेपछि १५ वर्षको उमेरमा क्षेत्री राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा छनोट भएकी थिइन्। उक्त प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी नेपालगन्जको टोलीमा आठ जना खेलाडी पहिले नै राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा परिसकेका थिए र त्यो सबैभन्दा बलियो टोली थियो। सोही टोलीविरुद्ध क्षेत्रीले ४ ओभरमा मात्र ९ रन दिएर ६ विकेट लिएकी थिइन्, जसले गर्दा उनी राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा छनोट हुन सफल भएकी थिइन्।<ref name="fc 2017-08-07"/> सन् २००९ जुलाई ४ (वि.सं. २०६६ असार २०) मा मलेसियाको पाण्डमारानस्थित सेलाङ्गोर टर्फ क्लबमा [[२००९ एसिसी महिला ट्वान्टी२० च्याम्पियनसिप]] अन्तर्गत [[सिङ्गापुर महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|सिङ्गापुर]]विरुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलमा पर्दापण गर्दा क्षेत्रीले खेलको अन्तिम ओभरमा बलिङ गर्दै इतिहास रचेकी थिइन्। पहिले ब्याटिङ गरेको नेपालले ७९/९ रन बनाएको थियो। क्षेत्रीले ओभर सुरु गर्दा सिङ्गापुरलाई जितका लागि ५ विकेट बाँकी छँदै मात्र दुई रन चाहिएको थियो। क्षेत्रीले पहिलो बल [[डट बल]] फ्याँक्दै, त्यसपछि [[ह्याट्रिक (क्रिकेट)|ह्याट्रिक]] लिन सफल भएकी थिइन्। सोही खेलमा उनदे त्यसपछि एक वाइड र थप दुई विकेट लिएकी थिइन्। उनले ३-०-१२-५ को उत्कृष्ट बलिङ तथ्याङ्क सहित खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएकी थिइन्। दुवै टोलीको ७९ रन भएपछि खेल [[बाउल-आउट]]मा पुगेको थियो, जसलाई नेपालले जितेको थियो।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/><ref name="tht 2009-07-05b">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rishi |title=Rubina bowls Nepal to thrilling win |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/rubina-bowls-nepal-to-thrilling-win |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=The Himalayan Times |date=5 July 2009 |language=en}}</ref> नेपालका लागि जुनसुकै प्रकारको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटमा यो पहिलो ह्याट्रिक थियो।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/><ref name="tht 2009-07-05b"/> क्षेत्री सन् २०१२ (वि.सं. २०६९) मा [[नेरी थापा]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्। उनले पहिलोपटक [[२०१२ महिला ट्वान्टी२० एसिया कप]]मा नेपालको कप्तानी गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name='CN'>{{cite web | url=http://www.cricnepal.com/players/rubina-chhetri | title=Rubina Chhetri | work=cricnepal.com |accessdate= 19 March 2017}}</ref> सन् २०१९ जनवरी १२ (वि.सं. २०७५ पुस २८) मा क्षेत्रीले [[२०१९ थाइल्यान्ड महिला टि२० स्म्यास]] प्रतियोगितामा [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय (महिला टि२०आई) खेलमा कप्तानी गर्दै पर्दापण गरेकी थिइन्। नेपालले सो खेल १० विकेटले जितेको थियो।<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=China vs. Nepal |accessdate=24 February 2019|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> क्षेत्रीले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731 |title=ICC Women’s T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> सन् २०१९ फेब्रुअरी २७ (वि.सं. २०७५ फागुन १५) मा एसिया छनोटको अन्तिम चरणको खेलमा क्षेत्रीले [[कुवेत महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|कुवेत]]विरुद्ध [[महिला अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट ह्याट्रिकहरूको सूची#ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|ह्याट्रिक]] लिँदै 'प्लेयर अफ द म्याच' बनेकी थिइन्;<ref>{{cite news |title=Full Scorecard of Kuwait Women vs Nepal Women 20th Match 2018/19 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-wc-asia-qlf-2018-19-1172903/kuwait-women-vs-nepal-women-20th-match-1172929/full-scorecard |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-win-over-kuwait-with-captains-hat-trick-in-womens-t20-qualifier.html |title=Nepal win over Kuwait with captain's hat trick in Women's T20 Qualifier |accessdate=21 June 2022 | work=Online Khabar |date=27 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mr 2019-02-27">{{cite news |title=Nepal beats Kuwait but fails to reach qualifiers of ICC Women World Cup Cricket |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/archive/60237/Nepal-beats-Kuwait-but-fails-to-reach-qualifiers-of-ICC-Women-World-Cup-Cricket |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=myRepública |date=27 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> यो महिला टि२०आई मा नेपालको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/hat-trick-heroes-first-to-take-a-t20i-hat-trick-from-each-team/ |title=Hat-trick heroes: First to take a T20I hat-trick from each team |work=Women's CricZone |accessdate=11 June 2020}}</ref> नेपाल [[थाइल्यान्ड महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|थाइल्यान्ड]]पछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहँदै प्रतियोगिता समाप्त गरेको थियो।<ref name="tkp 2019-02-28">{{cite news |title=Skipper Chhetri makes Nepal's exit memorable |url=https://kathmandupost.com/sports/2019/02/28/skipper-chhetri-makes-nepals-exit-memorable |access-date=28 April 2022 |work=The Kathmandu Post |date=28 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> सन् २०२० सेप्टेम्बर (वि.सं. २०७७ असोज) मा [[नेपाल क्रिकेट सङ्घ]]ले महिला खेलाडीहरूका लागि पहिलोपटक केन्द्रीय सम्झौताको घोषणा गरेको थियो। क्षेत्री श्रेणी 'ए' का खेलाडीका रूपमा सम्झौता गरिएका ६ जना महिला खेलाडीहरूमध्ये एक थिइन्। सन् २०२१ अक्टोबर (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि क्षेत्रीलाई नेपालको टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> सो प्रतियोगिताको तयारीका क्रममा उनले कतारमा [[२०२१-२२ मा कतारमा नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट टोली|कतारविरुद्धको तीन खेलको द्विपक्षीय शृङ्खला]]मा 'प्लेयर अफ द सिरिज' को उपाधि जितेकी थिइन्।<ref name="wcz 2021-11-18">{{cite web |author1=Women's CricZone Staff |title=Nepal whitewash Qatar 3-0 with huge win in final T20I |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/nepal-whitewash-qatar-3-0-with-huge-win-in-final-t20i |website=Women's CricZone |access-date=28 April 2022 |language=en |date=18 November 2021}}</ref> सन् २०२२ मे (वि.सं. २०७९ वैशाख/जेठ) को सुरुवातमा क्षेत्रीले संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सको दुबईमा भएको निजी रूपमा सञ्चालित [[२०२२ फेयरब्रेक इन्भिटेसनल टि२०]] मा बार्मी आर्मी टोलीका लागि दुई खेल खेलेकी थिइन्।<ref name="tn 2022-05-03">{{cite news |last1=Radley |first1=Paul |title=FairBreak Invitational 'about bringing different people from women's cricket together' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/2022/05/03/fairbreak-invitational-about-bringing-different-people-from-womens-cricket-together/ |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=The National (Abu Dhabi) |date=3 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="espn profile">{{cite web |title=Rubina Chhetry profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/rubina-chhetry-500726 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> सोही महिनाको उत्तरार्धमा उनले नेपालको कीर्तिपुरस्थित [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट मैदान]]मा युगान्डा विरुद्धको पाँच खेलको द्विपक्षीय महिला टि२०आई शृङ्खलामा नेपालको कप्तानी गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="ok 2022-05-23">{{cite news |last1=Dahal |first1=Namita |title=Nepal women's cricket team's loss of Uganda series: Captain Rubina Chhetry points out 5 reasons - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-womens-cricket-losing-uganda.html |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=[[Online Khabar]] |date=23 May 2022}}</ref> युगान्डाले शृङ्खला ३–२ ले जितेको थियो;<ref name="ok 2022-05-23"/> तेस्रो खेलमा क्षेत्रीको उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन १५ बलमा १८* रन र १/१५ थियो,<ref name="espn wt20i stats">{{cite web |title=All-round records {{!}} Women's Twenty20 Internationals {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/500726.html?class=10;template=results;type=allround;view=match |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> जुन खेल युगान्डाले ६ विकेटले जितेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Full Scorecard of Nepal Women vs Uganda Women 3rd T20I 2022 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/uganda-women-in-nepal-2022-1314895/nepal-women-vs-uganda-women-3rd-t20i-1314899/full-scorecard |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९९३ मा जन्म]] fmdif6ywc5e7wiu6afduzz50bd8frbw 1368097 1367957 2026-07-31T08:27:11Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म १९९३)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = रुबिना क्षेत्री | female = true | image = Rubina Chhetri Nepali cricketer.jpg | country = नेपाल | fullname = रुबिना क्षेत्री बेलबासी<ref name="ICC">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1054922 |title=Thailand plays host as the road to the Women's T20 and 50-over World Cups begins |work=International Cricket Council |accessdate=14 February 2019}}</ref> | nickname = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1993|11|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[नेपाल]] | heightft = | heightinch = | heightm = | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = [[बलिङ (क्रिकेट)|बलर]] | international = true | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | T20Icap = १ | lastT20Idate = २२ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = मलेसिया | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५८ | runs1 = ७७४ | bat avg1 = २३.४५ | 100s/50s1 = १/१ | top score1 = ११८[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = १,०६२ | wickets1 = ४२ | bowl avg1 = १६.६६ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ४/२ | catches/stumpings1 = १७/० | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500726.html क्रिकइन्फो | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''रुबिना क्षेत्री''' (जन्म: ११ मङ्सिर २०५०) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|नेपाली महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]बाट दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिको बलरका रूपमा खेल्ने नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी हुन्। उनी [[नेरी थापा]]को ठाउँमा सन् २०१२ (वि.सं. २०६९) मा टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी पूर्व कप्तान हुन्। सन् २००९ (वि.सं. २०६६) मा उनी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलमा नेपालका लागि [[ह्याट्रिक (क्रिकेट)|ह्याट्रिक]] लिने पहिलो क्रिकेट खेलाडी बनेकी थिइन् र सन् २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) मा उनले [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय]] (टि२०आई) मा नेपालको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक लिएकी थिइन्। == प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा == क्षेत्री पूर्वी नेपालको [[झापा जिल्ला]]को [[मेचीनगर नगरपालिका]]मा पर्ने [[काँकडभिट्टा]]की बासिन्दा हुन्।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rishi |title=Rubina creates cricket history |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/news-archives/rubina-creates-cricket-history |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The Himalayan Times]] |date=5 July 2009 |language=en}}</ref> उनलाई उनकी आमाले एक्लै हुर्काएकी हुन्,<ref name="s 2021-07-24">{{cite web |title=Rubina Chhetry: Captain, Nepal Cricket Team |url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/43WsueifskBUio4q68mFXn |website=Cow Corner podcast |publisher=[[Spotify]] |access-date=27 April 2022 |language=en |date=24 July 2021}}</ref> र उनले झापाको नर्थ पोइन्ट स्कुलमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/> सानै उमेरदेखि उनी खेलकुदप्रति आकर्षित थिइन्। सुरुमा उनले टेबल टेनिस र भलिबल खेल्ने गरेकी थियन्।<ref name="fc 2019-01-08">{{cite web |last1=Yadav |first1=Vishal |title=Female Cricket Interviews Rubina Chhetri – Captain of Nepal Women's National Cricket team |url=https://femalecricket.com/female-cricket-blogs/1543-female-cricket-interviews-rubina-chhetri-captain-of-nepal-women-s-national-cricket-team.html |website=Female Cricket |access-date=27 April 2022 |date=8 January 2019}}</ref> क्षेत्री १२ वर्षकी छँदा उनले पहिलोपटक क्रिकेट खेलेकी थिइन्।<ref name="fc 2019-01-08"/> उनको घर नजिकै एउटा मैदान थियो जहाँ उनका दाजु पवन क्षेत्री, उनका काका/मामाका छोरा र गाउँका अन्य केटाहरू क्रिकेट खेल्ने गर्दथे।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/><ref name="fc 2017-08-07">{{cite web |last1=Yadav |first1=Vishal |title=Interview with Rubina Chhetri – Captain of Nepal Women's Cricket Team |url=https://femalecricket.com/female-cricket-blogs/881-interview-with-rubina-chhetri-captain-of-nepal-women-s-cricket-team.html |website=Female Cricket |access-date=27 April 2022 |date=7 August 2017}}</ref> उनी आफ्नो घरको कौसी नजिकै बसेर उनीहरूलाई हेर्ने गर्थिन्। एक दिन उनी आफ्ना दाजुसँगै मैदानमा गइन् र खेलमा सामेल भइन्।<ref name="fc 2019-01-08"/><ref name="fc 2017-08-07"/> क्षेत्री र उनका दाजुले विद्यालयमा पनि क्रिकेट खेल्थे र उनले त्यहाँ भलिबल पनि खेल्ने गर्थिन्।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/> उनलाई आफ्नो पढाइ र अन्य जिम्मेवारीहरूसँगै क्रिकेट गतिविधिलाई व्यवस्थापन गर्न कठिनाइ भएको थियो। यद्यपि, उनको परिवारले उनलाई प्रेरित गर्दै उनका निर्णयहरूको सम्मान गरेको थियो। उनी भारतका [[राहुल द्रविड]] र अस्ट्रेलियाका [[ब्रेट ली]] जस्ता आफ्ना आदर्श खेलाडीहरूबाट पनि प्रेरित भएकी थिइन्।<ref name="fc 2017-08-07"/> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == काठमाडौँमा भएको छनोट प्रतियोगिता खेलेपछि १५ वर्षको उमेरमा क्षेत्री राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा छनोट भएकी थिइन्। उक्त प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी नेपालगन्जको टोलीमा आठ जना खेलाडी पहिले नै राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा परिसकेका थिए र त्यो सबैभन्दा बलियो टोली थियो। सोही टोलीविरुद्ध क्षेत्रीले ४ ओभरमा मात्र ९ रन दिएर ६ विकेट लिएकी थिइन्, जसले गर्दा उनी राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा छनोट हुन सफल भएकी थिइन्।<ref name="fc 2017-08-07"/> सन् २००९ जुलाई ४ (वि.सं. २०६६ असार २०) मा मलेसियाको पाण्डमारानस्थित सेलाङ्गोर टर्फ क्लबमा [[२००९ एसिसी महिला ट्वान्टी२० च्याम्पियनसिप]] अन्तर्गत [[सिङ्गापुर महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|सिङ्गापुर]]विरुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलमा पर्दापण गर्दा क्षेत्रीले खेलको अन्तिम ओभरमा बलिङ गर्दै इतिहास रचेकी थिइन्। पहिले ब्याटिङ गरेको नेपालले ७९/९ रन बनाएको थियो। क्षेत्रीले ओभर सुरु गर्दा सिङ्गापुरलाई जितका लागि ५ विकेट बाँकी छँदै मात्र दुई रन चाहिएको थियो। क्षेत्रीले पहिलो बल [[डट बल]] फ्याँक्दै, त्यसपछि [[ह्याट्रिक (क्रिकेट)|ह्याट्रिक]] लिन सफल भएकी थिइन्। सोही खेलमा उनदे त्यसपछि एक वाइड र थप दुई विकेट लिएकी थिइन्। उनले ३-०-१२-५ को उत्कृष्ट बलिङ तथ्याङ्क सहित खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएकी थिइन्। दुवै टोलीको ७९ रन भएपछि खेल [[बाउल-आउट]]मा पुगेको थियो, जसलाई नेपालले जितेको थियो।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/><ref name="tht 2009-07-05b">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rishi |title=Rubina bowls Nepal to thrilling win |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/rubina-bowls-nepal-to-thrilling-win |access-date=27 April 2022 |work=The Himalayan Times |date=5 July 2009 |language=en}}</ref> नेपालका लागि जुनसुकै प्रकारको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटमा यो पहिलो ह्याट्रिक थियो।<ref name="tht 2009-07-05a"/><ref name="tht 2009-07-05b"/> क्षेत्री सन् २०१२ (वि.सं. २०६९) मा [[नेरी थापा]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्। उनले पहिलोपटक [[२०१२ महिला ट्वान्टी२० एसिया कप]]मा नेपालको कप्तानी गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name='CN'>{{cite web | url=http://www.cricnepal.com/players/rubina-chhetri | title=Rubina Chhetri | work=cricnepal.com |accessdate= 19 March 2017}}</ref> सन् २०१९ जनवरी १२ (वि.सं. २०७५ पुस २८) मा क्षेत्रीले [[२०१९ थाइल्यान्ड महिला टि२० स्म्यास]] प्रतियोगितामा [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय (महिला टि२०आई) खेलमा कप्तानी गर्दै पर्दापण गरेकी थिइन्। नेपालले सो खेल १० विकेटले जितेको थियो।<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=China vs. Nepal |accessdate=24 February 2019|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> क्षेत्रीले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731 |title=ICC Women’s T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> सन् २०१९ फेब्रुअरी २७ (वि.सं. २०७५ फागुन १५) मा एसिया छनोटको अन्तिम चरणको खेलमा क्षेत्रीले [[कुवेत महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|कुवेत]]विरुद्ध [[महिला अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट ह्याट्रिकहरूको सूची#ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|ह्याट्रिक]] लिँदै 'प्लेयर अफ द म्याच' बनेकी थिइन्;<ref>{{cite news |title=Full Scorecard of Kuwait Women vs Nepal Women 20th Match 2018/19 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-wc-asia-qlf-2018-19-1172903/kuwait-women-vs-nepal-women-20th-match-1172929/full-scorecard |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-win-over-kuwait-with-captains-hat-trick-in-womens-t20-qualifier.html |title=Nepal win over Kuwait with captain's hat trick in Women's T20 Qualifier |accessdate=21 June 2022 | work=Online Khabar |date=27 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mr 2019-02-27">{{cite news |title=Nepal beats Kuwait but fails to reach qualifiers of ICC Women World Cup Cricket |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/archive/60237/Nepal-beats-Kuwait-but-fails-to-reach-qualifiers-of-ICC-Women-World-Cup-Cricket |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=myRepública |date=27 February 2019 |language=en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607225232/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/archive/60237/Nepal-beats-Kuwait-but-fails-to-reach-qualifiers-of-ICC-Women-World-Cup-Cricket |date=7 June 2023 }}</ref> यो महिला टि२०आई मा नेपालको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/hat-trick-heroes-first-to-take-a-t20i-hat-trick-from-each-team/ |title=Hat-trick heroes: First to take a T20I hat-trick from each team |work=Women's CricZone |accessdate=11 June 2020 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128170812/https://www.womenscriczone.com/hat-trick-heroes-first-to-take-a-t20i-hat-trick-from-each-team/ |date=28 January 2023 }}</ref> नेपाल [[थाइल्यान्ड महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|थाइल्यान्ड]]पछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहँदै प्रतियोगिता समाप्त गरेको थियो।<ref name="tkp 2019-02-28">{{cite news |title=Skipper Chhetri makes Nepal's exit memorable |url=https://kathmandupost.com/sports/2019/02/28/skipper-chhetri-makes-nepals-exit-memorable |access-date=28 April 2022 |work=The Kathmandu Post |date=28 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> सन् २०२० सेप्टेम्बर (वि.सं. २०७७ असोज) मा [[नेपाल क्रिकेट सङ्घ]]ले महिला खेलाडीहरूका लागि पहिलोपटक केन्द्रीय सम्झौताको घोषणा गरेको थियो। क्षेत्री श्रेणी 'ए' का खेलाडीका रूपमा सम्झौता गरिएका ६ जना महिला खेलाडीहरूमध्ये एक थिइन्। सन् २०२१ अक्टोबर (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि क्षेत्रीलाई नेपालको टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> सो प्रतियोगिताको तयारीका क्रममा उनले कतारमा [[२०२१-२२ मा कतारमा नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट टोली|कतारविरुद्धको तीन खेलको द्विपक्षीय शृङ्खला]]मा 'प्लेयर अफ द सिरिज' को उपाधि जितेकी थिइन्।<ref name="wcz 2021-11-18">{{cite web |author1=Women's CricZone Staff |title=Nepal whitewash Qatar 3-0 with huge win in final T20I |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/nepal-whitewash-qatar-3-0-with-huge-win-in-final-t20i |website=Women's CricZone |access-date=28 April 2022 |language=en |date=18 November 2021 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426002804/https://www.womenscriczone.com/nepal-whitewash-qatar-3-0-with-huge-win-in-final-t20i |date=26 April 2025 }}</ref> सन् २०२२ मे (वि.सं. २०७९ वैशाख/जेठ) को सुरुवातमा क्षेत्रीले संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सको दुबईमा भएको निजी रूपमा सञ्चालित [[२०२२ फेयरब्रेक इन्भिटेसनल टि२०]] मा बार्मी आर्मी टोलीका लागि दुई खेल खेलेकी थिइन्।<ref name="tn 2022-05-03">{{cite news |last1=Radley |first1=Paul |title=FairBreak Invitational 'about bringing different people from women's cricket together' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/2022/05/03/fairbreak-invitational-about-bringing-different-people-from-womens-cricket-together/ |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=The National (Abu Dhabi) |date=3 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="espn profile">{{cite web |title=Rubina Chhetry profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/rubina-chhetry-500726 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> सोही महिनाको उत्तरार्धमा उनले नेपालको कीर्तिपुरस्थित [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट मैदान]]मा युगान्डा विरुद्धको पाँच खेलको द्विपक्षीय महिला टि२०आई शृङ्खलामा नेपालको कप्तानी गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="ok 2022-05-23">{{cite news |last1=Dahal |first1=Namita |title=Nepal women's cricket team's loss of Uganda series: Captain Rubina Chhetry points out 5 reasons - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-womens-cricket-losing-uganda.html |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=[[Online Khabar]] |date=23 May 2022}}</ref> युगान्डाले शृङ्खला ३–२ ले जितेको थियो;<ref name="ok 2022-05-23"/> तेस्रो खेलमा क्षेत्रीको उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन १५ बलमा १८* रन र १/१५ थियो,<ref name="espn wt20i stats">{{cite web |title=All-round records {{!}} Women's Twenty20 Internationals {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/500726.html?class=10;template=results;type=allround;view=match |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> जुन खेल युगान्डाले ६ विकेटले जितेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Full Scorecard of Nepal Women vs Uganda Women 3rd T20I 2022 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/uganda-women-in-nepal-2022-1314895/nepal-women-vs-uganda-women-3rd-t20i-1314899/full-scorecard |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९९३ मा जन्म]] 2t9zjom0z8y2w3srduw9umw2bpqbhhj 0 91763 1367962 1318635 2026-07-30T13:11:32Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म २०५४)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = इन्दु बर्मा | female = true | image = Indu Barma Nepali cricketer.jpg | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1997|09|29|df=y}} | international = true | internationalspan= २०१९–हाल | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutfor = नेपाल | T20Icap = ११ | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | lastT20Idate = २८ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = इन्डोनेसिया | lastT20Ifor = नेपाल | country = नेपाल | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५६ | runs1 = ६५९ | bat avg1 = १६.०७ | 100s/50s1 = ०/१ | top score1 = ५५[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = ५५५ | wickets1 = २९ | bowl avg1 = १३.६८ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ३/५ | catches/stumpings1 = १८/० | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html क्रिकइन्फो | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''इन्दु बर्मा''' (जन्म:१३ असोज २०५४) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]की दायाँ हाते ब्याटर तथा दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिकी बलर हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html|title=Indu Barma|website=Cricinfo|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनी २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि [[रुबिना क्षेत्री]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तानको रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्। == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्लेइङ ११ मा इन्दु समावेश थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=Full Scorecard of China Women vs Nepal Women, Thailand Women's T20 Smash, Group A - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731|title=ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०२१ (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि उनलाई नेपालको टोलीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> बर्मा २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि नेपालकी लामो समयदेखिकी कप्तान रुबिना क्षेत्रीको स्थान लिँदै टोलीको नयाँ कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/11/09/indu-burma-appointed-as-the-captain-of-the-national-womens-cricket-team-21-29.html|title=राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलीको कप्तानमा इन्दु बर्मा नियुक्त|author=|website=कान्तिपुर|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == इन्दु बर्माको २०५४ असोज १३ गते [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ जिल्ला]]को साविकको [[हुग्दीशिर]] गाविसमा भएको थियो। पछि वि.सं २०६१ सालमा, उनको परिवार बसाइँसराइ गरि [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]]को [[तिलोत्तमा नगरपालिका|तिलोत्तमा]] आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2023/08/28/169318673779518443.html|title=इन्दुको क्रिकेट उडान|author=|website=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] l42ljthsjb23tzll7iw1b3oy3d7owev 1367963 1367962 2026-07-30T13:16:12Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1367963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म २०५४)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = इन्दु बर्मा | female = true | image = Indu Barma Nepali cricketer.jpg | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1997|09|29|df=y}} | international = true | internationalspan= २०१९–हाल | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutfor = नेपाल | T20Icap = ११ | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | lastT20Idate = २८ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = इन्डोनेसिया | lastT20Ifor = नेपाल | country = नेपाल | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५६ | runs1 = ६५९ | bat avg1 = १६.०७ | 100s/50s1 = ०/१ | top score1 = ५५[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = ५५५ | wickets1 = २९ | bowl avg1 = १३.६८ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ३/५ | catches/stumpings1 = १८/० | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html क्रिकइन्फो | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''इन्दु बर्मा''' (जन्म:१३ असोज २०५४) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]की दायाँ हाते ब्याटर तथा दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिकी बलर हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html|title=Indu Barma|website=Cricinfo|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनी २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि [[रुबिना क्षेत्री]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तानको रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्। २०८२ असोज २१ मा, इन्दु बर्मा एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी बनेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/169136|title=इन्दु बर्मा बनिन् एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी |website=शिलापत्र|date=२०८२ असोज २१}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्लेइङ ११ मा इन्दु समावेश थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=Full Scorecard of China Women vs Nepal Women, Thailand Women's T20 Smash, Group A - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731|title=ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०२१ (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि उनलाई नेपालको टोलीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> बर्मा २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि नेपालकी लामो समयदेखिकी कप्तान रुबिना क्षेत्रीको स्थान लिँदै टोलीको नयाँ कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/11/09/indu-burma-appointed-as-the-captain-of-the-national-womens-cricket-team-21-29.html|title=राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलीको कप्तानमा इन्दु बर्मा नियुक्त|author=|website=कान्तिपुर|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == इन्दु बर्माको २०५४ असोज १३ गते [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ जिल्ला]]को साविकको [[हुग्दीशिर]] गाविसमा भएको थियो। पछि वि.सं २०६१ सालमा, उनको परिवार बसाइँसराइ गरि [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]]को [[तिलोत्तमा नगरपालिका|तिलोत्तमा]] आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2023/08/28/169318673779518443.html|title=इन्दुको क्रिकेट उडान|author=|website=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] llpq66z5m7ffqacjjbf7cp3z2h3vrsd 1367964 1367963 2026-07-30T13:18:59Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1367964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म २०५४)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = इन्दु बर्मा | female = true | image = Indu Barma Nepali cricketer.jpg | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1997|09|29|df=y}} | birth_place = | international = true | internationalspan= २०१९–हाल | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutfor = नेपाल | T20Icap = ११ | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | lastT20Idate = २८ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = इन्डोनेसिया | lastT20Ifor = नेपाल | country = नेपाल | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५६ | runs1 = ६५९ | bat avg1 = १६.०७ | 100s/50s1 = ०/१ | top score1 = ५५[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = ५५५ | wickets1 = २९ | bowl avg1 = १३.६८ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ३/५ | catches/stumpings1 = १८/० | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html क्रिकइन्फो | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''इन्दु बर्मा''' (जन्म:१३ असोज २०५४) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]की दायाँ हाते ब्याटर तथा दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिकी बलर हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html|title=Indu Barma|website=Cricinfo|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनी २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि [[रुबिना क्षेत्री]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तानको रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्। २०८२ असोज २१ मा, इन्दु बर्मा एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी बनेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/169136|title=इन्दु बर्मा बनिन् एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी |website=शिलापत्र|date=२०८२ असोज २१}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्लेइङ ११ मा इन्दु समावेश थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=Full Scorecard of China Women vs Nepal Women, Thailand Women's T20 Smash, Group A - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731|title=ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०२१ (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि उनलाई नेपालको टोलीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> बर्मा २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि नेपालकी लामो समयदेखिकी कप्तान रुबिना क्षेत्रीको स्थान लिँदै टोलीको नयाँ कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/11/09/indu-burma-appointed-as-the-captain-of-the-national-womens-cricket-team-21-29.html|title=राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलीको कप्तानमा इन्दु बर्मा नियुक्त|author=|website=कान्तिपुर|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == इन्दु बर्माको २०५४ असोज १३ गते [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ जिल्ला]]को साविकको [[हुग्दीशिर]] गाविसमा भएको थियो। पछि वि.सं २०६१ सालमा, उनको परिवार बसाइँसराइ गरि [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]]को [[तिलोत्तमा नगरपालिका|तिलोत्तमा]] आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2023/08/28/169318673779518443.html|title=इन्दुको क्रिकेट उडान|author=|website=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] i0r9qnhx7uit2t9omn3d5o2ql1kiusn 1367965 1367964 2026-07-30T13:20:32Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1367965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म २०५४)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = इन्दु बर्मा | female = true | image = Indu Barma Nepali cricketer.jpg | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1997|09|29|df=y}} | birth_place = [[हुग्दीशिर]], [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बगलुङ]] | international = true | internationalspan= २०१९–हाल | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutfor = नेपाल | T20Icap = ११ | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | lastT20Idate = २८ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = इन्डोनेसिया | lastT20Ifor = नेपाल | country = नेपाल | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५६ | runs1 = ६५९ | bat avg1 = १६.०७ | 100s/50s1 = ०/१ | top score1 = ५५[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = ५५५ | wickets1 = २९ | bowl avg1 = १३.६८ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ३/५ | catches/stumpings1 = १८/० | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html क्रिकइन्फो | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''इन्दु बर्मा''' (जन्म:१३ असोज २०५४) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]की दायाँ हाते ब्याटर तथा दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिकी बलर हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html|title=Indu Barma|website=Cricinfo|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनी २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि [[रुबिना क्षेत्री]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तानको रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्। २०८२ असोज २१ मा, इन्दु बर्मा एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी बनेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/169136|title=इन्दु बर्मा बनिन् एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी |website=शिलापत्र|date=२०८२ असोज २१}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्लेइङ ११ मा इन्दु समावेश थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=Full Scorecard of China Women vs Nepal Women, Thailand Women's T20 Smash, Group A - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731|title=ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०२१ (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि उनलाई नेपालको टोलीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> बर्मा २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि नेपालकी लामो समयदेखिकी कप्तान रुबिना क्षेत्रीको स्थान लिँदै टोलीको नयाँ कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/11/09/indu-burma-appointed-as-the-captain-of-the-national-womens-cricket-team-21-29.html|title=राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलीको कप्तानमा इन्दु बर्मा नियुक्त|author=|website=कान्तिपुर|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == इन्दु बर्माको २०५४ असोज १३ गते [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ जिल्ला]]को साविकको [[हुग्दीशिर]] गाविसमा भएको थियो। पछि वि.सं २०६१ सालमा, उनको परिवार बसाइँसराइ गरि [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]]को [[तिलोत्तमा नगरपालिका|तिलोत्तमा]] आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2023/08/28/169318673779518443.html|title=इन्दुको क्रिकेट उडान|author=|website=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] qcjpq3ujjy4tnwlu7g8eyi7mqb54rv7 1367967 1367965 2026-07-30T13:22:11Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी (जन्म २०५४)}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = इन्दु बर्मा | female = true | image = Indu Barma Nepali cricketer.jpg | batting = दायाँ हाते | bowling = दायाँ हाते मध्यम गति | role = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1997|09|29|df=y}} | birth_place = [[हुग्दीशिर]], [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बगलुङ]] | international = true | internationalspan= २०१९–हाल | T20Idebutdate = १२ जनवरी | T20Idebutyear = २०१९ (वि.सं. २०७५) | T20Idebutfor = नेपाल | T20Icap = ११ | T20Idebutagainst = चीन | lastT20Idate = २८ मे | lastT20Iyear = २०२६ (वि.सं. २०८३) | lastT20Iagainst = इन्डोनेसिया | lastT20Ifor = नेपाल | country = नेपाल | columns = 1 | column1 = [[महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय|महिला टि२०आई]] | matches1 = ५६ | runs1 = ६५९ | bat avg1 = १६.०७ | 100s/50s1 = ०/१ | top score1 = ५५[[नटआउट|*]] | deliveries1 = ५५५ | wickets1 = २९ | bowl avg1 = १३.६८ | fivefor1 = ० | tenfor1 = ० | best bowling1 = ३/५ | catches/stumpings1 = १८/० | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html क्रिकइन्फो | date = ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (वि.सं. २४ असोज २०८१) | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{NEP}}}} {{MedalSport|महिला [[क्रिकेट]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुद|सन् २०१९ काठमाडौँ/पोखरा]]|[[सन् २०१९ दक्षिण एसियाली खेलकुदमा क्रिकेट – पुरुष प्रतियोगिता|टोली]]}} }} '''इन्दु बर्मा''' (जन्म:१३ असोज २०५४) [[नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]की दायाँ हाते ब्याटर तथा दायाँ हाते मध्यम गतिकी बलर हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/500984.html|title=Indu Barma|website=Cricinfo|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनी २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि [[रुबिना क्षेत्री]]को ठाउँमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको कप्तानको रूपमा कार्यरत छिन्। २०८२ असोज २१ मा, इन्दु बर्मा एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी बनेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/169136|title=इन्दु बर्मा बनिन् एक हजार रन पूरा गर्ने पहिलो नेपाली महिला खेलाडी |website=शिलापत्र|date=२०८२ असोज २१}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == [[चीन महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|चीन]]विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो महिला ट्वान्टी२० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्लेइङ ११ मा इन्दु समावेश थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19111/scorecard/1171347/china-women-vs-nepal-women-group-a-thailand-womens-t20-smash-2018-19|title=Full Scorecard of China Women vs Nepal Women, Thailand Women's T20 Smash, Group A - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> उनले थाइल्यान्डको बैङ्ककमा भएको [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला छनोट एसिया]]मा पनि नेपालको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेकी थिइन्। यो प्रतियोगिता [[२०१९ आइसिसी महिला विश्व ट्वान्टी२० छनोट]] र [[२०२० महिला क्रिकेट विश्वकप छनोट]]का लागि एसिया क्षेत्रीय छनोट प्रतियोगिता थियो, जसबाट शीर्ष टोली दुवै छनोट प्रतियोगितामा पुग्ने प्रावधान थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1056731|title=ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier – Asia 2019 set to begin in Bangkok|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> सन् २०१२ मा नेपालको सिनियर टिममा पर्न सफल भएकी उनले २०१० मा एसीसी यु–१९ मा सिङ्गापुरमा डेब्यु गरेकी थिइन् थिइन् । अक्टोबर २०२१ (वि.सं. २०७८ कात्तिक) मा संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्समा भएको [[२०२१ आइसिसी महिला टि२० विश्वकप एसिया छनोट]] प्रतियोगिताका लागि उनलाई नेपालको टोलीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://czarsportzauto.com/nepal-squad-announced-for-womens-t20-world-cup-asia-qualifiers-in-uae/ |title=Nepal squad announced for Women's T20 World Cup Asia qualifiers in UAE |work=Czarsportz |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> बर्मा २३ कात्तिक २०८० देखि नेपालकी लामो समयदेखिकी कप्तान रुबिना क्षेत्रीको स्थान लिँदै टोलीको नयाँ कप्तान नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/11/09/indu-burma-appointed-as-the-captain-of-the-national-womens-cricket-team-21-29.html|title=राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलीको कप्तानमा इन्दु बर्मा नियुक्त|author=|website=कान्तिपुर|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == इन्दु बर्माको २०५४ असोज १३ गते [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ जिल्ला]]को साविकको [[हुग्दीशिर]] गाविसमा भएको थियो। पछि वि.सं २०६१ सालमा, उनको परिवार बसाइँसराइ गरि [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]]को [[तिलोत्तमा नगरपालिका|तिलोत्तमा]] आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2023/08/28/169318673779518443.html|title=इन्दुको क्रिकेट उडान|author=|website=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|date=|accessdate=२२ असार २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] kqulajns6b9nwxo9cyd85uu423kfnxx 0 94813 1368092 1311816 2026-07-31T08:13:01Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदी ले [[नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन २००४]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[नेपाल सरकारको वैधानिक कानुन २००४]] मा सारेको हो 1311816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन २००४''' राणा प्रधानमन्त्री [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पदम शमशेर जबरा]]बाट नेपालको पहिलो [[संविधान]]को रूपमा वि.सं. २००४ [[माघ]] १३ गते जारी भएको थियो । यसलाई संविधान नभनी वैधानिक कानुन मात्र भनिएको थियो । यो २००५ वैशाख १ गतेबाट लागू हुने भनी घोषणा गरिएको थियो । यसका ६ भाग ६८ दफा र १ अनुसूची (क फेहरिस्ता) रहेका थिए । भारत स्वतन्त्र भएको हुनाले नेपालमा जनतालाई थाम्न नसक्ने ठानी पद्मशम्शेरले बैधानिक कानुन २००४ को घोषणा गराए। त्यो कार्यका निम्ति भारतबाट ३ जना सल्लाहकार झिकाएर नेपालको पहिलो संविधानको मस्यौदा तयार गरे। सो संविधान २००४ माघ ४ गते घोषणा गरी २००५ वैशाखसम्म लागू हुने टुङ्गो गरे। वैधानिक कानुनमा श्री ५ र श्री ३ को अस्तित्व, जनताका मौलिक हक, दुई सदनात्मक व्यवस्थापिका, मन्त्रिमण्डल, पञ्चायतीसभा, प्रधानन्यायलय, प्रधान परीक्षक, दरखास्त परिषद् को व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। बालिगहरूलाई मतदानको अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने पद्मशमशेरलाई उनका अनुदार भारदारहरूले ज्यान लिने धम्की दिए। त्यसकारण वि.सं. २००४ फागुन १८ गते औषधि गर्ने बाहानामा भारततिर गए। त्यसपछि वैधानिक कानुन क्रियाशील हुन पाएन।<ref>{{cite book|title=नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास|author=प्रा. डा. [[राजाराम सुवेदी]]|page=२६५|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|isbn=99933-2-406-X|url=}}</ref> निरङ्कुश राणा शासनलाई सुधार उन्मुख भएको भान पारी केही समय लम्ब्याउने उद्देश्यले यो संविधान निर्माण गरिएको थियो । भारतबाट श्रीप्रकाश गुप्ताको नेतृत्वमा रघुनाथ सिंह र डा.रामउग्र सिंह आएका र नेपालको तर्फवाट कृष्ण शमसेर, गुन्जमान सिंह, रुद्रराज पाण्डे सम्मिलित टोलीले निर्माण यो संविधान निर्माण गरिएको थियो । मन्त्रिमण्डलमा कम्तीमा ५ जना सदस्य रहने जसको कार्यकाल ४ वर्षसम्म रहने व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। मन्त्रिमण्डलको नेतृत्व श्री ३ ले गर्ने र श्री ३ प्रति उत्तरदायी मन्त्रिमण्डलको व्यवस्था रहेको व्यवस्था यसमा थियो। ५ देखि १५ सदस्य भएको ग्राम पञ्चायत तथा १० देखि ५० सदस्य भएको नगर पञ्चायत गठन गर्ने संवैधानिक व्यवस्था थियो। प्रधान न्यायालयमा प्रधान न्यायाधीश र अन्य १२ जना सम्म न्यायाधीश श्री ३ बाट भर्ना गरिने व्यवस्था, श्री ३ बाट प्रधान कानूनी सल्लाहकार नियुक्त गरिने तथा हालको लोक सेवा आयोगको रुपमा दरखास्त परिषद्‌को व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। ==भाग १== यो कानुनको भाग १ मा भूमिका शीर्षक रहेको थियो । भूमिका शीर्षक अन्तर्गत दफा १ मा नामाकरण, दफा २ मा लागू हुने मिति, दफा ३ मा राजगद्दीको रोल क्रम अपरीवर्तनीय र अविच्छेद्य रहने कुरा उल्लेख थियो । ==भाग २== भाग २ मा मौलिक हक शीर्षक राखी सोको दफा ४ मा व्यक्तिगत स्वतन्त्रता, वाक तथा प्रकाशन स्वतन्त्रता, सभा वा सङ्घ स्वतन्त्रता, धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता, ऐन कानुनी समानता, छिटो र सुलभ रूपमा पाइने इन्साफ, मुलुकभर अनिवार्य प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा, वोट गर्न पाउने हक दिइने कुरा उल्लेख थियो भने दफा ५ मा श्रम तथा कर तिर्नुपर्ने लगायतका नागरिक कर्तव्यहरु उल्लेख गरिएको थियो ।मुलत मौलिक हक २ वटा रहेको पाईन्छ। ==भाग ३== भाग ३ मा कार्यकारिणी सभा भाग ४ मा व्यवस्थापक सभा भाग ५ मा न्याय प्रबन्ध तथा भाग ६ मा विविध व्यवस्था थियो भने फेहरिश्त क मा राष्ट्रसभाको रचना सम्बन्धी व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो । ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== [[संविधान]] * [[नेपाल सरकारको वैधानिक कानुन २००४|नेपाल सरकारको बैधानिक कानुन २००४]] * [[नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान २००७]] * [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५]] * [[नेपालको संविधान २०१९]] * [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०४७]] * [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०६३]] * [[नेपालको अन्तरिम संविधान २०६३]] * [[नेपालको संविधान]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:संविधान]] [[श्रेणी:ऐन कानुन]] [[श्रेणी:देशको आधारमा संविधानहरू|नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको कानुन]] sxo3fok93qx5egk7ws224bdakrtfmuc 1368121 1368092 2026-07-31T11:18:51Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन २००४''' राणा प्रधानमन्त्री [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पदम शमशेर जबरा]]बाट नेपालको पहिलो [[संविधान]]को रूपमा वि.सं. २००४ [[माघ]] १३ गते जारी भएको थियो । यसलाई संविधान नभनी वैधानिक कानुन मात्र भनिएको थियो । यो २००५ वैशाख १ गतेबाट लागू हुने भनी घोषणा गरिएको थियो । यसका ६ भाग ६८ दफा र १ अनुसूची (क फेहरिस्ता) रहेका थिए । भारत स्वतन्त्र भएको हुनाले नेपालमा जनतालाई थाम्न नसक्ने ठानी पद्मशम्शेरले बैधानिक कानुन २००४ को घोषणा गराए। त्यो कार्यका निम्ति भारतबाट ३ जना सल्लाहकार झिकाएर नेपालको पहिलो संविधानको मस्यौदा तयार गरे। सो संविधान २००४ माघ ४ गते घोषणा गरी २००५ वैशाखसम्म लागू हुने टुङ्गो गरे। वैधानिक कानुनमा श्री ५ र श्री ३ को अस्तित्व, जनताका मौलिक हक, दुई सदनात्मक व्यवस्थापिका, मन्त्रिमण्डल, पञ्चायतीसभा, प्रधानन्यायलय, प्रधान परीक्षक, दरखास्त परिषद् को व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। बालिगहरूलाई मतदानको अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने पद्मशमशेरलाई उनका अनुदार भारदारहरूले ज्यान लिने धम्की दिए। त्यसकारण वि.सं. २००४ फागुन १८ गते औषधि गर्ने बाहानामा भारततिर गए। त्यसपछि वैधानिक कानुन क्रियाशील हुन पाएन।<ref>{{cite book|title=नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास|author=प्रा. डा. [[राजाराम सुवेदी]]|page=२६५|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|isbn=99933-2-406-X|url=}}</ref> निरङ्कुश राणा शासनलाई सुधार उन्मुख भएको भान पारी केही समय लम्ब्याउने उद्देश्यले यो संविधान निर्माण गरिएको थियो । भारतबाट श्रीप्रकाश गुप्ताको नेतृत्वमा रघुनाथ सिंह र डा.रामउग्र सिंह आएका र नेपालको तर्फवाट [[कृष्ण शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|कृष्ण शमसेर]], [[गुञ्जमान सिंह|गुन्जमान सिंह]], [[रुद्रराज पाण्डे]] सम्मिलित टोलीले निर्माण यो संविधान निर्माण गरिएको थियो । मन्त्रिमण्डलमा कम्तीमा ५ जना सदस्य रहने जसको कार्यकाल ४ वर्षसम्म रहने व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। मन्त्रिमण्डलको नेतृत्व श्री ३ ले गर्ने र श्री ३ प्रति उत्तरदायी मन्त्रिमण्डलको व्यवस्था रहेको व्यवस्था यसमा थियो। ५ देखि १५ सदस्य भएको ग्राम पञ्चायत तथा १० देखि ५० सदस्य भएको नगर पञ्चायत गठन गर्ने संवैधानिक व्यवस्था थियो। प्रधान न्यायालयमा प्रधान न्यायाधीश र अन्य १२ जना सम्म न्यायाधीश श्री ३ बाट भर्ना गरिने व्यवस्था, श्री ३ बाट प्रधान कानूनी सल्लाहकार नियुक्त गरिने तथा हालको लोक सेवा आयोगको रुपमा दरखास्त परिषद्‌को व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। ==भाग १== यो कानुनको भाग १ मा भूमिका शीर्षक रहेको थियो । भूमिका शीर्षक अन्तर्गत दफा १ मा नामाकरण, दफा २ मा लागू हुने मिति, दफा ३ मा राजगद्दीको रोल क्रम अपरीवर्तनीय र अविच्छेद्य रहने कुरा उल्लेख थियो । ==भाग २== भाग २ मा मौलिक हक शीर्षक राखी सोको दफा ४ मा व्यक्तिगत स्वतन्त्रता, वाक तथा प्रकाशन स्वतन्त्रता, सभा वा सङ्घ स्वतन्त्रता, धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता, ऐन कानुनी समानता, छिटो र सुलभ रूपमा पाइने इन्साफ, मुलुकभर अनिवार्य प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा, वोट गर्न पाउने हक दिइने कुरा उल्लेख थियो भने दफा ५ मा श्रम तथा कर तिर्नुपर्ने लगायतका नागरिक कर्तव्यहरु उल्लेख गरिएको थियो ।मुलत मौलिक हक २ वटा रहेको पाईन्छ। ==भाग ३== भाग ३ मा कार्यकारिणी सभा भाग ४ मा व्यवस्थापक सभा भाग ५ मा न्याय प्रबन्ध तथा भाग ६ मा विविध व्यवस्था थियो भने फेहरिश्त क मा राष्ट्रसभाको रचना सम्बन्धी व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो । ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== [[संविधान]] * [[नेपाल सरकारको वैधानिक कानुन २००४|नेपाल सरकारको बैधानिक कानुन २००४]] * [[नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान २००७]] * [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५]] * [[नेपालको संविधान २०१९]] * [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०४७]] * [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०६३]] * [[नेपालको अन्तरिम संविधान २०६३]] * [[नेपालको संविधान]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:संविधान]] [[श्रेणी:ऐन कानुन]] [[श्रेणी:देशको आधारमा संविधानहरू|नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको कानुन]] izflmk5nqoxwd6jer2izgtiwnbras8s 1368123 1368121 2026-07-31T11:20:37Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन २००४''' राणा प्रधानमन्त्री [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पदम शमशेर जबरा]]बाट नेपालको पहिलो [[संविधान]]को रूपमा वि.सं. २००४ [[माघ]] १३ गते जारी भएको थियो । यसलाई संविधान नभनी वैधानिक कानुन मात्र भनिएको थियो । यो २००५ वैशाख १ गतेबाट लागू हुने भनी घोषणा गरिएको थियो । यसका ६ भाग ६८ दफा र १ अनुसूची (क फेहरिस्ता) रहेका थिए । भारत स्वतन्त्र भएको हुनाले नेपालमा जनतालाई थाम्न नसक्ने ठानी पद्मशम्शेरले बैधानिक कानुन २००४ को घोषणा गराए। त्यो कार्यका निम्ति भारतबाट ३ जना सल्लाहकार झिकाएर नेपालको पहिलो संविधानको मस्यौदा तयार गरे। सो संविधान २००४ माघ ४ गते घोषणा गरी २००५ वैशाखसम्म लागू हुने टुङ्गो गरे। वैधानिक कानुनमा श्री ५ र श्री ३ को अस्तित्व, जनताका [[नेपालमा मौलिक हक र कर्तव्य|मौलिक हक]], दुई सदनात्मक व्यवस्थापिका, मन्त्रिमण्डल, पञ्चायतीसभा, प्रधानन्यायलय, प्रधान परीक्षक, दरखास्त परिषद् को व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। बालिगहरूलाई मतदानको अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने पद्मशमशेरलाई उनका अनुदार भारदारहरूले ज्यान लिने धम्की दिए। त्यसकारण वि.सं. २००४ फागुन १८ गते औषधि गर्ने बाहानामा भारततिर गए। त्यसपछि वैधानिक कानुन क्रियाशील हुन पाएन।<ref>{{cite book|title=नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास|author=प्रा. डा. [[राजाराम सुवेदी]]|page=२६५|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|isbn=99933-2-406-X|url=}}</ref> निरङ्कुश राणा शासनलाई सुधार उन्मुख भएको भान पारी केही समय लम्ब्याउने उद्देश्यले यो संविधान निर्माण गरिएको थियो । भारतबाट श्रीप्रकाश गुप्ताको नेतृत्वमा रघुनाथ सिंह र डा.रामउग्र सिंह आएका र नेपालको तर्फवाट [[कृष्ण शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|कृष्ण शमसेर]], [[गुञ्जमान सिंह|गुन्जमान सिंह]], [[रुद्रराज पाण्डे]] सम्मिलित टोलीले निर्माण यो संविधान निर्माण गरिएको थियो । मन्त्रिमण्डलमा कम्तीमा ५ जना सदस्य रहने जसको कार्यकाल ४ वर्षसम्म रहने व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। मन्त्रिमण्डलको नेतृत्व श्री ३ ले गर्ने र श्री ३ प्रति उत्तरदायी मन्त्रिमण्डलको व्यवस्था रहेको व्यवस्था यसमा थियो। ५ देखि १५ सदस्य भएको ग्राम पञ्चायत तथा १० देखि ५० सदस्य भएको नगर पञ्चायत गठन गर्ने संवैधानिक व्यवस्था थियो। प्रधान न्यायालयमा प्रधान न्यायाधीश र अन्य १२ जना सम्म न्यायाधीश श्री ३ बाट भर्ना गरिने व्यवस्था, श्री ३ बाट प्रधान कानूनी सल्लाहकार नियुक्त गरिने तथा हालको लोक सेवा आयोगको रुपमा दरखास्त परिषद्‌को व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। ==भाग १== यो कानुनको भाग १ मा भूमिका शीर्षक रहेको थियो । भूमिका शीर्षक अन्तर्गत दफा १ मा नामाकरण, दफा २ मा लागू हुने मिति, दफा ३ मा राजगद्दीको रोल क्रम अपरीवर्तनीय र अविच्छेद्य रहने कुरा उल्लेख थियो । ==भाग २== भाग २ मा मौलिक हक शीर्षक राखी सोको दफा ४ मा व्यक्तिगत स्वतन्त्रता, वाक तथा प्रकाशन स्वतन्त्रता, सभा वा सङ्घ स्वतन्त्रता, धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता, ऐन कानुनी समानता, छिटो र सुलभ रूपमा पाइने इन्साफ, मुलुकभर अनिवार्य प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा, वोट गर्न पाउने हक दिइने कुरा उल्लेख थियो भने दफा ५ मा श्रम तथा कर तिर्नुपर्ने लगायतका नागरिक कर्तव्यहरु उल्लेख गरिएको थियो ।मुलत मौलिक हक २ वटा रहेको पाईन्छ। ==भाग ३== भाग ३ मा कार्यकारिणी सभा भाग ४ मा व्यवस्थापक सभा भाग ५ मा न्याय प्रबन्ध तथा भाग ६ मा विविध व्यवस्था थियो भने फेहरिश्त क मा राष्ट्रसभाको रचना सम्बन्धी व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो । ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== [[संविधान]] * [[नेपाल सरकारको वैधानिक कानुन २००४|नेपाल सरकारको बैधानिक कानुन २००४]] * [[नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान २००७]] * [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५]] * [[नेपालको संविधान २०१९]] * [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०४७]] * [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०६३]] * [[नेपालको अन्तरिम संविधान २०६३]] * [[नेपालको संविधान]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:संविधान]] [[श्रेणी:ऐन कानुन]] [[श्रेणी:देशको आधारमा संविधानहरू|नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको कानुन]] ncucg3cnx10dyh9czqat1a99ofoi4p0 0 94922 1368100 1352623 2026-07-31T08:28:18Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1368100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = कोशी प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = सुनसरी जिल्ला#कोशी प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कोशी प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[सुनसरी जिल्ला|सुनसरी]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-1/district-sunsari/dewanganj?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख|नगर प्रमुख]] | leader_name = बेचनप्रसाद मेहता <small> ([[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]]) | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = कुमारी विभा यादव <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = <!-- Area --> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 53.56<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=1&district=13&municipality=11|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 39030 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|26.43|87.14|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-२५ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[देवानगञ्ज]]को [[कार्यालय]] | website = [http://dewanganjmun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} नेपालमा [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|७५३ स्थानीय तह]] लागू हुँदा [[सुनसरी जिल्ला]]मा साविक [[मध्यहर्षाही]], [[देवानगञ्ज]], [[कप्तानगञ्ज]], [[साहेबगञ्ज]] र [[राजगञ्ज सिनुवारी]] गाउँ विकास समितिहरूलाई समेटेर '''देवानगञ्ज गाउँपालिका''' बनाइएको थियो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका (सूची)">{{cite news|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कुन जिल्लामा कति? (सूची)|url=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084|accessdate=२३ पौष २०७३|publisher=लोकान्तर|date=२३ पौष २०७३|ref=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084}}</ref> यस गाउँपालिकालाई ७ [[वडा]]मा विभाजन गरिएको छ। यसको क्षेत्रफल ५३.५६ वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेको छ। यस गाउँपालिकाको केन्द्र साविकको [[देवानगञ्ज]]को कार्यालयमा राखिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=स्थानीय तहहरूको विवरण|url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list|website=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय|publisher=[[नेपाल सरकार]]|accessdate=२०७३ फाल्गुण २७}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref> ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३९,०३० रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,८०५ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ देवानगञ्ज गाउँपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[मध्यहर्षाही]] || ६,०९४ || ८.२२ || ७४१.३६ |- | २ || [[देवानगञ्ज]] || ८,३८५ || ४.७३ || १७७२.७३ |- | ३ || [[कप्तानगञ्ज]] (४–९) || ५,३६८ || ७.५८ || ७०८.१८ |- | ४ || [[कप्तानगञ्ज]] (१–३) || ४,७७३ || ६.७३ || ७०९.२१ |- | ५ || [[साहेबगञ्ज]] || ४,१५९ || ५.२७ || ७८९.१८ |- | ६ || [[राजगञ्ज सिनुवारी]] (५, ६, ८, ९) || ४,८९१ || ११.८ || ४१४.४९ |- | ७ || [[राजगञ्ज सिनुवारी]] (१–४, ७) || ५,३६० || ९.२३ || ५८०.७१ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''३९,०३०''' || '''५३.५६''' || ७२८.७१ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddcsunsari.gov.np/ जिल्ला समन्वय समितिको कार्यालय, सुनसरी, नेपाल] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010111220/http://ddcsunsari.gov.np/ |date=2017-10-10 }} {{सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:सुनसरी जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कोशी प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू‎]] 1872bei0n73h6uiqyq3w7nz0fffl8cy 1368103 1368100 2026-07-31T08:29:18Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1368103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = सुनसरी जिल्ला#कोशी प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[कोशी प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[सुनसरी जिल्ला|सुनसरी]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-1/district-sunsari/dewanganj?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख|नगर प्रमुख]] | leader_name = बेचनप्रसाद मेहता <small> ([[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]]) | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = कुमारी विभा यादव <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = <!-- Area --> | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 53.56<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=1&district=13&municipality=11|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 39030 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|26.43|87.14|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-२५ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[देवानगञ्ज]]को [[कार्यालय]] | website = [http://dewanganjmun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} नेपालमा [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|७५३ स्थानीय तह]] लागू हुँदा [[सुनसरी जिल्ला]]मा साविक [[मध्यहर्षाही]], [[देवानगञ्ज]], [[कप्तानगञ्ज]], [[साहेबगञ्ज]] र [[राजगञ्ज सिनुवारी]] गाउँ विकास समितिहरूलाई समेटेर '''देवानगञ्ज गाउँपालिका''' बनाइएको थियो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका (सूची)">{{cite news|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कुन जिल्लामा कति? (सूची)|url=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084|accessdate=२३ पौष २०७३|publisher=लोकान्तर|date=२३ पौष २०७३|ref=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084}}</ref> यस गाउँपालिकालाई ७ [[वडा]]मा विभाजन गरिएको छ। यसको क्षेत्रफल ५३.५६ वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेको छ। यस गाउँपालिकाको केन्द्र साविकको [[देवानगञ्ज]]को कार्यालयमा राखिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=स्थानीय तहहरूको विवरण|url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list|website=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय|publisher=[[नेपाल सरकार]]|accessdate=२०७३ फाल्गुण २७}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref> ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३९,०३० रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,८०५ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ देवानगञ्ज गाउँपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[मध्यहर्षाही]] || ६,०९४ || ८.२२ || ७४१.३६ |- | २ || [[देवानगञ्ज]] || ८,३८५ || ४.७३ || १७७२.७३ |- | ३ || [[कप्तानगञ्ज]] (४–९) || ५,३६८ || ७.५८ || ७०८.१८ |- | ४ || [[कप्तानगञ्ज]] (१–३) || ४,७७३ || ६.७३ || ७०९.२१ |- | ५ || [[साहेबगञ्ज]] || ४,१५९ || ५.२७ || ७८९.१८ |- | ६ || [[राजगञ्ज सिनुवारी]] (५, ६, ८, ९) || ४,८९१ || ११.८ || ४१४.४९ |- | ७ || [[राजगञ्ज सिनुवारी]] (१–४, ७) || ५,३६० || ९.२३ || ५८०.७१ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''३९,०३०''' || '''५३.५६''' || ७२८.७१ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddcsunsari.gov.np/ जिल्ला समन्वय समितिको कार्यालय, सुनसरी, नेपाल] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010111220/http://ddcsunsari.gov.np/ |date=2017-10-10 }} {{सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:सुनसरी जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कोशी प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू‎]] 5uzjcv24f57n9ol2rg8dzhwozm9gfya 0 99091 1367986 1367539 2026-07-30T16:22:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name=हो चि मिन्ह<br ></span> |image=Ho Chi Minh 1946.jpg|caption=हो चि मिन्हको आकृति, c. 1946 |order=[[भियतनाम मजदुर पार्टीका अध्यक्ष]]<br /> |term_start=१९ फेब्रुअरी १९५१ |term_end=२ सेप्टेम्बर १९६९<br /> |predecessor=ओहोदा स्थापित<br /> |successor=ओहोदा अन्त्य<br /> |term_start2= १ नोवेम्बर १९५६ |term_end2=१० सेप्टेम्बर १९६० |predecessor2=[[Trường Chinh]] |successor2=[[Lê Duẩn]] |term_start3=२ सेप्टेम्बर १९४५ |term_end3=२ सेप्टेम्बर १९६९ |predecessor3=ओहोदा स्थापित<br>[[Bảo Đại]] <small>(as Emperor)</small> |successor3=[[Tôn Đức Thắng]] |term_start4=२ सेप्टेम्बर १९४५ |term_end4=२० सेप्टेम्बर १९५५ |predecessor4=ओहोदा स्थापित<br>[[Trần Trọng Kim]] <small>(as Prime Minister of the [[Empire of Vietnam]])</small> |successor4=[[Phạm Văn Đồng]] |birth_date={{birth date|1890|5|19|df=yes}} |birth_place=[[Kim Liên]], [[Nghệ An Province]], [[French Indochina]] |death_date=२ सेप्टेम्बर १९६९ (aged&#x20;७९) |death_place=[[होनोई]], [[उत्तर भियतनाम]] |party=[[फ्रेन्च सेक्सन ओफ वोर्कर्स इन्टरनेसनल]]<br><small>(1919–1921)</small><br>[[फ्रेन्च कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी]]<br><small>(1921–1925)</small><br>[[भियतनाम कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]<br><small>(1925–1969)</small> |profession=राजनीतिज्ञ<br /> |signature=Ho Chi Minh Signature.svg }} '''Hồ Chí Minh''' ({{IPAc-en|h|oʊ|_|tʃ|iː|_|m|ɪ|n}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ho%20chi%20minh "Ho Chi Minh"]. ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]''.</ref> {{IPA-vi|hò tɕǐ mīɲ|lang|HoChiMinh.ogg}}, {{IPA-vi|hò tɕǐ mɨ̄n|s|Hô Chi Minh.ogg}}; Chữ nôm: 胡志明; जन्म १९ मे १८९० – २ सेप्टेम्बर १९६९), '''Nguyễn Sinh Cung''',<ref name="BBC2005">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/entertainment/story/2005/08/printable/050808_trongcoi.shtml|title=Lời truyền miệng dân gian về Hồ Chí Minh|last=Trần Quốc Vượng|publisher=BBC Vietnamese|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="HL1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hopluu.net/D_1-2_2-95_4-1862_5-8_6-3_17-108_14-2/|title=Vài vấn nạn lịch sử thế kỷ XX: Hồ Chí Minh—Nhà ngoại giao, 1945–1946|last=Vũ Ngự Chiêu|publisher=Hợp Lưu Magazine. Note: See the document in French, from Centre des archives d'Outre-mer [CAOM] (Aix)/Gouvernement General de l'Indochine [GGI]/Fonds Residence Superieure d'Annam [RSA]/carton R1, and the note in English at the end of the cited article|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="HL2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hopluu.net/D_1-2_2-117_4-1513/|title=Phỏng vấn sử gia Vũ Ngự Chiêu về những nghiên cứu lịch sử liên quan đến Hồ Chí Minh|last=Nguyễn Vĩnh Châu|website=Hợp Lưu Magazine|accessdate=10 December 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025311/http://www.hopluu.net/D_1-2_2-117_4-1513 |date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> '''न्गुऐन टाट थान्ह''' तथा '''न्गुऐन यि क्युवेक'''बाट समेत परिचित [[भियतनाम|भियतनामी]] कम्युनिस्ट नेता थिए । उनी [[भियतनाम कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]का अध्यक्ष र महासचिव थिए । उनी प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र [[भियतनाम]] ([[उत्तर भियतनाम]]) को प्रधानमन्त्री (१९४५–१९५५) र रास्ट्रपति (१९४५–१९६९) पनि थिए | उनी [[भियतनाम युद्ध]]को समयमा प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र भियतनाम (उत्तर भियतनाम), भियतनाम जनसेना र भियतकङ स्थापना गर्ने मुख्य व्यक्ति थिए । हो चि मिन्हले सन् १९४१ देखि [[भियतनाम]] स्वतन्त्रता आन्दोलन नेतृत्व गरे, सन् १९४५ मा कम्युनिस्ट शासनको प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र भियतनाम स्थापना गरे र सन् १९५४ मा फ्रान्सलाई पराजित गरे। आधिकारिक रूपमा सन् १९६५ देखि स्वास्थ्य अवस्थाले गर्दा पद छोडेका थिए। युद्ध पछि उनको नामबाट [[दक्षिण भियतनाम]]को राजधानी सैगोनको नाम हो चि मिन्ह सिटी राखिएको थियो । == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == [[चित्र:Hochiminh_and_Bebet.JPG|left|thumb|धर्म पुत्रीलाई समाउदै हो चि मिन्ह, १९४६]] [[चित्र:President_Ho_Chi_Minh_watching_soccer_1958.jpg|thumb|250x250px|फुटबल खेल हेर्दै हो चि मिन्ह साथमा नजिकका [[कमरेड]] प्रधानमन्त्री फाम भान डोन्ग]] राजनीतिज्ञ बाहेक हो चि मिन्ह लेखक, पत्रकार, कवि र बहुभाषी पनि थिए । उनका पिता शिक्षक र विद्वान थिए र उनले  न्गुऐन डाइनेस्टी इम्पेरय जाँचबाट दिक्षा उपाधि पाएका थिए । ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== हो चि मिन्हको जन्म {{lang|vi|Nguyễn Sinh Cung}} को रूपमा भएको थियो, जसलाई {{lang|vi|Nguyễn Sinh Côn}} पनि भनिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=75 tên gọi, bút danh và bí danh của Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh |url=https://tapchitoaan.vn/175-ten-goi-but-danh-va-bi-danh-cua-chu-tich-ho-chi-minh |date=2020 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>र स्थानीय रूपमा {{lang|vi|Nguyễn Sinh Công}} को रूपमा उच्चारण गरिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=Láng 5 hương nắng làng sen |url=https://cand.com.vn/Ly-luan/Lang-5-huong-nang-lang-sen-i605248/ |date=2021}}</ref>१८९० मा उत्तरी मध्य भियतनाम मा रहेको किम लिन कम्युनको होङ ट्रु गाउँमा, नाम डान जिल्ला, न्घ् आन प्रान्त, जुन त्यतिबेला फ्रान्सेली संरक्षित थियो। यद्यपि १८९० लाई सामान्यतया उनको जन्म वर्षको रूपमा स्वीकार गरिन्छ, विभिन्न समयमा उनले चार अन्य जन्म वर्षहरू प्रयोग गरे:{{sfn|Trần Dân Tiên|१९९४|p=४२}} १८९१,<ref>Yen Son. "Nguyen Ai Quoc, the Brilliant Champion of the Revolution." Thuong Tin Hanoi. 30 August 1945.</ref> 1892,{{efn|In his application to the French Colonial School – "Nguyen Tat Thanh, born 1892 at Vinh, son of Mr. Nguyen Sinh Huy (sub doctor in literature)"}} 1894{{efn|He told Paris Police (Surete) he was born 15 January 1894.}} and 1895.<ref>उनको जन्मको सबैभन्दा सम्भावित वर्ष १८९० टोन थाट थिएन हो। यद्यपि, यसबारे विवादास्पद प्रमाणहरू छन्। १९३१ मा हङकङमा पक्राउ पर्दा उनले अदालतका कागजातहरूमा आफू ३६ वर्षको भएको प्रमाणित गरे। १९२१ मा रूसमा प्रवेश गर्न उनले प्रयोग गरेको राहदानीमा पनि उनको जन्म मिति १८९५ उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। पेरिसको कोलोनियल स्कूलमा उनको आवेदनमा उनको जन्म वर्ष १८९२ उल्लेख गरिएको थियो।</ref> उहाँ आफ्नो बुबा नगुयन सिन्ह सिक को किम लिनको लाङ सेनको गाउँमा १८९५ सम्म बस्नुभयो जब उहाँका बुबाले उहाँलाई हुआ अध्ययनको लागि पठाउनुभयो। उहाँका तीन भाइबहिनीहरू थिए: उनकी बहिनी बाच लिएन (नगुएन थियो थान्ह), फ्रान्सेली सेना मा क्लर्क; उहाँको भाइ नगुयेन सिन्ह खिम (नगुयन् टाट डाट), एक जियोमान्सर र परम्परागत जडीबुटी विज्ञ; र अर्का भाइ (Nguyễn Sinh Nhuận), जो बाल्यकालमा मरे। सानो बच्चाको रूपमा, कुङ (हो)ले आफ्नो बुबासँग थप औपचारिक कक्षाहरू अघि Vương Thúc Quý नामक विद्वानसँग अध्ययन गरे। उनले आफ्नो बोलचाल भियतनामी लेखनमा निपुणता हासिल गर्दै कन्फ्युसियसवाद को कुनै पनि गम्भीर अध्ययनको लागि पूर्वशर्त chữ Hán मा छिट्टै महारत हासिल गरे।<ref name="Duiker"/>{{rp|21}} पढाइको अतिरिक्त, उनी साहसिक कार्यमा रुचि राख्थे र पतंग उडाउन र माछा मार्न मन पराउँथे।<ref name="Duiker"/>{{rp|21}} कन्फ्युसियन परम्परा पछ्याउँदै, उनका बुबाले उनलाई दस वर्षको हुँदा नयाँ नाम दिए: ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:भियतनामका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भियतनामका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६९ मा मृत्यु]] [[श्रेणी:कम्युनिष्ट शासक]] 2mif0rwxllasglevf3bdsuqd7zz4ytk 0 100538 1367987 1367540 2026-07-30T16:30:12Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Match programme cover | event = [[२००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] | team1 = [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] | team1association = {{flagicon|GER|size=30px}} | team1score = १ | team2 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] | team2association = {{flagicon|ESP|size=30px}} | team2score = २ | date = १५ मे २००२ | stadium = हाम्प्डेन पार्क | city = ग्लाज्गो<ref name="hampdenpark">{{cite news |first=सिन |last=स्मिथ|title=ग्लास्गो |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/champions_league/1984838.stm |work=बिबिसी स्पोर्ट्स |publisher=बिबिसी |date=13 May 2002 |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}</ref> | man_of_the_match1a = [[जिनेदीन जिदेन]] (रियल म्याड्रिड)<ref name="attendance"/> | referee = युर्स मियर ([[स्विट्जरल्यान्ड]])<ref name="ursmeier">{{cite journal |first=म्याथ्युज |last=लिन्ड्से |title=Meier the man for job |journal=इभिनिङ टाइम्स |date=13 May 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages=52 |publisher=ProQuest Archiver |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> | attendance = ५०,४९९<ref name="attendance">{{cite book |year=2017 |chapter=2. Finals |chapter-url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/89/2285689_DOWNLOAD.pdf |chapter-format=पिडिएफ |title=युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगको तथ्याङ्क |location= नियोन , स्विजरल्यान्ड|publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |page=1 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> | weather = हल्का बादल, <br />{{convert|15|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGPF/2002/5/15/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|title=मैसमको इतिहास|website=www.wunderground.com}}</ref> | previous = [[२००१ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००१]] | next = [[२००३ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००३]] }} '''२००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल''' २००१-२००२ च्याम्पियन्स लिग सिजनको अन्तिम खेल थियो । यो खेला स्विट्जरल्यान्डको ग्लाज्गो सहरमा अवस्थित हम्प्डेन पार्कमा भएको थियो । यो फाइनल खेलमा जर्मनीको बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन र स्पेनी क्लब रियल म्याड्रिड बिच भएको थियो । यो खेल १५ जुन २००२ मा भएको थियो जसमा रियल म्याड्रिड लिभरकुसेनलाई २ को बिरुद्ध १ गोल अन्तरले हराएको थियो । ==खेलको तथ्याङ्क== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+पहिलो हाप<ref name="half time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_hr.pdf |title= पहिलो आधा समयको तथ्याङ्क |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> |-पहिलो !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोलहरू || १ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || ५ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेको सटहरू || ३ || ३ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ४२% || ५८% |- |कर्नक किक || ३ || १ |- |फल || ८ ||१९ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || २ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+दोश्रो हाप<ref name="full time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_fr.pdf |title=फुट टाइम रिपोर्ट |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> |- दोस्रो हाप !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोल || ० || ० |- |जम्मा सट || ८ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ३ || ४ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ५४% || ४६% |- |कर्नर किक || ३ || ४ |- |फल || ९ || २५ |- |अफसाइड || ० || ० |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+सबै !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर ०४ लिभरमुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेको गोल ||१ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || १३ || १२ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ६ || ९ |- |Ball possession || ४८% || ५२% |- |कर्नर किक || ६ || ५ |- |फल || १७ || ४४ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || ३ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || २ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-end}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20020606170756/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/INDEX.html २००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग ] युइएफएमा [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगका फाइनलहरू]] sb2l7nu4q8cgat7ihfrwauttqceoif5 1368110 1367987 2026-07-31T09:36:54Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Match programme cover | event = [[२००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] | team1 = [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] | team1association = {{flagicon|GER|size=30px}} | team1score = १ | team2 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] | team2association = {{flagicon|ESP|size=30px}} | team2score = २ | date = १५ मे २००२ | stadium = हाम्प्डेन पार्क | city = ग्लाज्गो<ref name="hampdenpark">{{cite news |first=सिन |last=स्मिथ|title=ग्लास्गो |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/champions_league/1984838.stm |work=बिबिसी स्पोर्ट्स |publisher=बिबिसी |date=13 May 2002 |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}</ref> | man_of_the_match1a = [[जिनेदीन जिदेन]] (रियल म्याड्रिड)<ref name="attendance"/> | referee = युर्स मियर ([[स्विट्जरल्यान्ड]])<ref name="ursmeier">{{cite journal |first=म्याथ्युज |last=लिन्ड्से |title=Meier the man for job |journal=इभिनिङ टाइम्स |date=13 May 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages=52 |publisher=ProQuest Archiver |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}{{subscription required}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104221231/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |date=4 November 2012 }}</ref> | attendance = ५०,४९९<ref name="attendance">{{cite book |year=2017 |chapter=2. Finals |chapter-url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/89/2285689_DOWNLOAD.pdf |chapter-format=पिडिएफ |title=युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगको तथ्याङ्क |location= नियोन , स्विजरल्यान्ड|publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |page=1 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> | weather = हल्का बादल, <br />{{convert|15|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGPF/2002/5/15/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|title=मैसमको इतिहास|website=www.wunderground.com}}</ref> | previous = [[२००१ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००१]] | next = [[२००३ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००३]] }} '''२००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल''' २००१-२००२ च्याम्पियन्स लिग सिजनको अन्तिम खेल थियो । यो खेला स्विट्जरल्यान्डको ग्लाज्गो सहरमा अवस्थित हम्प्डेन पार्कमा भएको थियो । यो फाइनल खेलमा जर्मनीको बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन र स्पेनी क्लब रियल म्याड्रिड बिच भएको थियो । यो खेल १५ जुन २००२ मा भएको थियो जसमा रियल म्याड्रिड लिभरकुसेनलाई २ को बिरुद्ध १ गोल अन्तरले हराएको थियो । ==खेलको तथ्याङ्क== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+पहिलो हाप<ref name="half time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_hr.pdf |title= पहिलो आधा समयको तथ्याङ्क |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> |-पहिलो !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोलहरू || १ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || ५ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेको सटहरू || ३ || ३ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ४२% || ५८% |- |कर्नक किक || ३ || १ |- |फल || ८ ||१९ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || २ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+दोश्रो हाप<ref name="full time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_fr.pdf |title=फुट टाइम रिपोर्ट |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> |- दोस्रो हाप !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोल || ० || ० |- |जम्मा सट || ८ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ३ || ४ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ५४% || ४६% |- |कर्नर किक || ३ || ४ |- |फल || ९ || २५ |- |अफसाइड || ० || ० |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+सबै !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर ०४ लिभरमुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेको गोल ||१ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || १३ || १२ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ६ || ९ |- |Ball possession || ४८% || ५२% |- |कर्नर किक || ६ || ५ |- |फल || १७ || ४४ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || ३ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || २ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-end}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20020606170756/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/INDEX.html २००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग ] युइएफएमा [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगका फाइनलहरू]] nf4n699hd4z778qiqbbk1cpn7559678 0 102769 1368019 1318843 2026-07-31T04:43:24Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = ओद्नोकलासनिकी | logo = [[File:Logo Odnoklassniki 2023.svg|120px|Logo "ओद्नोकलासनिकी"]] | screenshot = ओद्नोकलासनिकीको गृहपृष्ठ.JPG | caption = ओद्नोकलासनिकीको गृहपृष्ठ | url = [https://ok.ru/ ok.ru] | alexa = {{वृद्धि}} ६६ (मे २०२०)<ref name="alexa">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल= https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ok.ru |शीर्षक= ओके डटरू वेबसाइटको जानकारी| प्रकाशक= [[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट]]}}</ref> | commercial = | type = [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल|सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवा]] | language = १५ भाषाहरू: *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|अर्मेनिया}} अर्मेनियाली *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|अजरबैजान}} अजरबैजानी *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|बेलायत}} अङ्ग्रेजी *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|Georgia}} जर्जियाली *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|जर्मनी}} जर्मनेली *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|रोमानिया}} रोमानियाली *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|रूस}} रूसी *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|कजाख्स्तान}} कजाख *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|किर्गिस्तान}} किर्गी *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|ताजिकिस्तान}} ताजिक *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|रूस}} ततर *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|टर्की}} तुर्केली *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|युक्रेन}} युक्रेनी *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|बेलारूस}} बेलारूसी *{{झण्डा चिन्ह|UZB}} उज्बेकी | registration = चाहिन्छ; भुक्तान तिर्नु नपर्ने, ३१ अगस्ट, २०१० देखि | owner = [[मेल डटरू समूह]] | author = अल्बर्त पोपकोभ (संस्थापक र प्रमुख) | launch_date = {{सुरुवात मिति र वर्ष|2006|3|4}} }} '''ओद्नोकलासनिकी''', ({{भाषा-रूसी|Однокла́ссники}}, {{भाषा-नेपाली|सहपाठी}}) सहपाठी वा पुराना मित्रहरूको लागि वनाइएको एक [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल|सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवा]] हो। यो विशेष गरी [[रुस|रूस]] र पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>[http://www.dreamgrow.com/social-media-in-russia/ रूसमा सामाजिक सञ्चार माध्यम], ड्रिमग्रो डटकम, २०११</ref> यो वेबसाइटलाई अल्बर्त पोपकोभले विकास गरेका थिए जसको सुरुवात ४ मार्च २००६ मा भएको थियो।<ref>[http://odnoklassniki.ru/cdk/st.cmd/helpAbout/tkn/729 परियोजनाको बारेमा] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120718002705/http://odnoklassniki.ru/cdk/st.cmd/helpAbout/tkn/729 |date=2012-07-18 }}</ref> ओद्नोकलासनिकी रूसमा भिकन्तक्ते पछिको दोस्रो सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवा हो<ref name=सिमिलरवेब/> भने यस भन्दा पछाडि वा तेस्रो स्थानमा फेसबुक रहेको छ।<ref>{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://ria.ru/science/20120326/606411651.html|शीर्षक=«Одноклассники» отмечают шестой день рождения на взлёте популярности|मिति=2012-03-26|प्रकाशक=Российское агентство международной информации «РИА Новости»|पहुँचमिति=2013-01-06}}</ref> वेबसाइटको आफ्नो तथ्याङ्कका अनुसार, जुलाई २०११ मा यसमा १० करोड भन्दा बढी दर्ता गरिएका प्रयोगकर्ता रहेको जनाएको थियो।<ref>{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://ria.ru/science/20120326/606411651.html|शीर्षक=«Одноклассники» отмечают шестой день рождения на взлёте популярности|मिति=2012-03-26|प्रकाशक=Российское агентство международной информации «РИА Новости»|पहुँचमिति=2013-01-06}}</ref> मार्च २०१२ मा, यसमा १५ करोड प्रयोगकर्ताहरू दर्ता भएका थिए र १ जनवरी २०१३ सम्म, यसमा २० करोड भन्दा बढी प्रयोगकर्ताहरू दर्ता भएका थिए<ref>{{समाचार स्रोत|शीर्षक=Аудитория «Одноклассников» выросла на 9,3% за 2016 год|युआरएल=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/58788dff9a7947dc36bf43c7|कार्य=РБК|पहुँचमिति=2017-08-26}}</ref> भने सन् २०१६ मा, यसमा ३० करोड भन्दा बढी प्रयोगकर्ताहरू दर्ता भएका थिए<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5a572ee39a7947463987d219?from=newsfeed|शीर्षक=Аудитория «Одноклассников» превысила 330 млн пользователей|प्रकाशक=РБК|पहुँचमिति=2018-03-05}}</ref> र यो सङ्ख्या सन् २०१७ मा, ३३ करोड पुगेको थियोे।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.digitalintheround.com/odnoklassniki-users-features-communities/|शीर्षक=ओद्नोकलासनिकी: प्रयोगकर्ता, सुविधा र समुदायको सामर्थ्य |लेखक=|मिति=|कार्य=डिजिटल इन द राउन्ड|पहुँचमिति=१० मे २०२०}}</ref> जनवरी २०१७ सम्म, ७ करोड १० लाख [[सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ताहरू|मासिक सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता]]हरूले सेवाको उपयोग गरेका थिए। डिसेम्बर २०१८ सम्म, यसको मोबाइल संस्करणका प्रयोगकर्ताहरू ३ करोङ ५५ लाख रहेका थिए। <ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://insideok.ru/p/source/Blog/Prezy/OK-Presskit-2017.pdf|शीर्षक=Пресс-кит социальной сети Одноклассники 2017 год|लेखक=|वेबसाइट=|मिति=|प्रकाशक=}}</ref> डिसेम्बर २०१७ मा, गरिएको एक सर्वेक्षण अनुसार, लगभग हरेक दिन १९% रूसी इन्टरनेट प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको ओद्नोकलासनिकी प्रयोग गर्ने जनाएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://odnoklassnikin.ru/|शीर्षक=Одноклассники моя страница - открыть мою страницу вход|भाषा=ru|पहुँचमिति=2019-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=116691|शीर्षक=Каждому возрасту - свои сети|लेखक=ВЦИОМ|वेबसाइट=|मिति=2018-02-12|प्रकाशक=}}</ref> यसमा खाता खोल्नका लागि प्रयोगकर्ता कम्तिमा ७ वर्ष कटेको हुनुपर्ने छ।<ref>[http://odnoklassniki.ru/dk?st.cmd=helpAdvertise&tkn=2260 ओद्नोकलासनिकी विज्ञापन] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823141637/http://odnoklassniki.ru/dk?st.cmd=helpAdvertise&tkn=2260 |date=2011-08-23 }}</ref> [[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट]]को हालैको तथ्याङ्कअनुसार, विश्वव्यापी रूपमा यो ५६औँ वरियतामा रहेको छ र [[रुस|रूस]]मा ७ औँ स्थानमा रहेको छ। सन् २००८ को पहिलो भागको राजस्व ३.३ मिलियन अमेरिकी डलर रहेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=http://pulse2.com/category/odnoklassniki/ |शीर्षक=रूसी सामाजिक सञ्जाल ओद्नोकलासनिकीले २० मिलियन आर्जन गरेको छ |प्रकाशक= |पहुँचमिति=२०१०-०९-२० |अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905143252/http://pulse2.com/category/odnoklassniki/ |अभिलेखमिति=२०१०-०९-०५ |df= }}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.alexa.com/data/details/main/odnoklassniki.ru|शीर्षक=ओद्नोकलासनिकी डटरू - ट्राफिक विवरण|प्रकाशक=[[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट]]|पहुँचमिति=२०२०-०४-१०}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://serversiders.com/odnoklassniki.ru|शीर्षक=ओद्नोकलासनिकी|प्रकाशक=सर्भर स्लाइडर डटकम|पहुँचमिति=२०१०-०९-२०|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://archive.is/20101222070215/http://serversiders.com/odnoklassniki.ru|अभिलेखमिति=२०१०-१२-२२ |df=}}</ref> [[सिमिलर वेब]]को हालैको तथ्याङ्क हेर्ने हो भने यसको विश्वव्यापी क्रम १८ रहेको छ भने रूसमा यसको क्रम ६ हो। वेबसाइटमा उछाल दर २३.८४% रहेको छ।<ref name=सिमिलरवेब>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.similarweb.com/website/ok.ru|शीर्षक=वेबसाइटको जानकारी (ओद्नोकलासनिकी) |लेखक=|मिति=|कार्य=[[सिमिलर वेब]]|पहुँचमिति=२९ फेब्रुअरी २०२०}}</ref> ओद्नोकलासनिकी र [[भिके (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)|भिके]] रूसी इन्टरनेट कम्पनी मेल डटरूद्वारा सञ्चालित छन्। == इतिहास == == युक्रेनमा प्रतिबन्ध == मे २०१७ मा, युक्रेनी राष्ट्रपति पेत्रो पोरोशेन्कोले क्रिमिया र दोनबास लगायतका युद्धमा संलग्न भएकोमा रूसमा लगातार लगाइएको प्रतिबन्धको रूपमा मेल डटरू र यसको व्यापक रूपमा प्रयोग हुने सामाजिक सञ्जालहरू, भिकन्तक्ते र ओद्नोकलासनिकीलाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आज्ञा दिएका थिए।<ref name="Poroshenko170515">{{वेब स्रोत | अन्तिम = Порошенко | प्रथम = петро | शीर्षक=uk:УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №133/2017: Про рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 28 квітня 2017 року "Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)" | युआरएल = https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1332017-21850 | भाषा = युक्रेनी | प्रकाशक = युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपति | मिति = May 15, 2017 | पहुँचमिति = March 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name="UkraineSanctionsEntityList">{{वेब स्रोत |शीर्षक=uk:Додаток 2 до рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від «28» квітня 2017 року «Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)» ЮРИДИЧНІ ОСОБИ, до яких застосовуються обмежувальні заходи (санкції) | युआरएल = https://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/40/38/6f76b8df9d0716da74bb4ae6a900d483_1494964345.pdf | भाषा = युक्रेनी | प्रकाशक = युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपति | पृष्ठ = १८५-६ (#४२२ मेल डटरू समूह), १८६-७ (#423 ТОВ «Вконтакте», १८७-८ (#४२४ ТОВ «В Контакті» र १८९ | मिति = April 28, 2017 | पहुँचमिति = March 13, 2018}}</ref> यस कदमलाई नियन्त्रण पद्धतिको रूपमा व्यापक आलोचना गरिएको थियो र धेरैले यस प्रतिबन्धको निन्दा गरेका थिए। यसले युक्रेनी जनताको सूचना र अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको हकलाई प्राप्त वा प्रदान गर्नबाट बञ्चित गरेको आरोप लगाइएको थियो।<ref name="UbRwM17">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39934666 Ukraine's Poroshenko to block Russian social networks], बिबिसी (१६ मे २०१७)</ref> युक्रेनी स्वतन्त्र सूचना आयोग गरेको एक अनलाइन सर्वेक्षणमा ६६% रूसी सेवाहरू "स्पष्ट रूपमा" प्रतिबन्धित अवस्थामा रहेको घोषण गरेको थियो र अन्य ११% ले भने "उत्तर कोरियामा जस्तै सम्पूर्ण इन्टरनेटमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन सजिलो हुने बताएका थिए।<ref name="luhn">{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/16/ukraine-blocks-popular-russian-websites-kremlin-role-war|शीर्षक=Ukraine blocks popular social networks as part of sanctions on Russia|अन्तिम=लुह्न|प्रथम=अलेक|मिति=16 May 2017|प्रकाशक=द गार्जिएन|पहुँचमिति=17 May 2017}}</ref> युक्रेनको इन्टरनेट सङ्घका अनुसार ओद्नोकसनिकीमा दैनिक भ्रमण गर्ने युक्रेनी इन्टरनेट प्रयोगकर्ताहरू सेप्टेम्बर २०१६ देखि सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ सम्म ३५%बाट घटेर १०% पुगेको बताएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2019/11/14/653664/|शीर्षक=Три роки без "Вконтакті": яким соцмережам віддають перевагу украї|वेबसाइट=соцмереж|भाषा=युक्रेनी|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२२ मे २०२०}}</ref> == भुक्तान दर्ता र सेवाहरू== अक्टोबर २००८ देखि सेप्टेम्बर २०१० सम्म, सीमित कार्यक्षमता भएका खाता मात्र नि: शुल्क दर्ता गर्न सकिन्थ्यो। उक्त संस्करणमा केही सार्वजनिक गर्न, टिप्पणीहरू छोड्न र अन्य प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको पृष्ठहरू भ्रमण गर्न उर्ध्वभरण गर्न र तस्वीरहरू राख्न मिल्ने सुविधा रहेको थिएन।<ref name=":1">{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|मिति=2010-08-31|युआरएल=http://Lenta.Ru/news/2010/08/31/odnoklassniki|शीर्षक=«Одноклассники» отменили платную регистрацию|प्रकाशक=Лента.ру|पहुँचमिति=2013-01-07|अभिलेखयुआरएल=http://WebCitation.Org/68CSoXfau|अभिलेखमिति=2012-06-05}}</ref> यी सुविधाहरू प्रयोग गर्नको लागि, एक सशुल्क संक्षिप्त सन्देश पठाउनु पर्दथ्यो। यसका अतिरिक्त, वेबसाइटले भुक्तान गरिएका सेवाहरू प्रदान गर्दछ जसमा मूल्याङ्कन मेटाउने र आफ्नो तस्वीरहरूमा राम्रो मूल्याङ्कन प्राप्त गर्ने, सन्देश असक्षम पार्ने आदी समावेश छ।<ref>''Роман Рожков''. [http://kommersant.ru/doc/2906274 «Одноклассники» пошли ва-банк]Газета «Коммерсантъ» № 16 от 02.02.2016, стр. 1</ref> तस्वीर र अवलोकन सूचीबाट अतिथि हटाउन मिल्ने सुविधा हाल यसमा थप गरिएको छ।<ref>''Роман Рожков''. [http://kommersant.ru/doc/2906274 «Одноклассники» пошли ва-банк]Газета «Коммерсантъ» № 16 от 02.02.2016, стр. 1</ref> ३१ अगस्ट २०१० मा, यसले भुक्तानी दर्ता रद्द गरेको थियोे। <ref name=":1" /> फेब्रुअरी २०१६ मा, यसले यसको साझेदारी ब्याङ्क भिटिबि २४ सँग सहकार्य गर्दै यसका प्रयोगकर्ताहरू बीच पैसा स्थानान्तरण गर्ने क्षमता प्रस्तुत गरेको थियो। स्थानान्तरण मास्टरकार्ड, मास्त्रो, भिसा भुक्तान कार्डहरू बीच रूसी ब्याङ्कहरूद्वारा जारी गरिएको छ जसलाई प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठमा सूत्रबद्ध गरिएको छ। <ref>{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2906274|शीर्षक="Одноклассники" пошли ва-банк|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|मिति=|कार्य=Коммерсантъ|पहुँचमिति=2019-12-30|युआरएलस्थिति=चालू|भाषा=रूसी}}</ref> == प्रयोगकर्ता आधार == यो वेबसाइट ९ वर्ष देखि चलिआएको छ। यो [[रुस|रूस]] लगायत [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] (अलेक्सा क्रम २ सम्म पुगेको थियो), किर्गिस्तान (अलेक्सा क्रम ४ सम्म पुगेको थियो) र जर्जिया (अलेक्सा क्रम ४ सम्म पुगेको थियो) मा लोकप्रिय छ। <ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/odnoklassniki.ru |शीर्षक= अलेक्सा - ओद्नोकलासनिकी डटरू|प्रकाशक=अलेक्सा डटकम |पहुँचमिति= २०१२-०४-१२}}</ref> == प्रविधि == ओद्नोकलासनिकी सञ्चालन गर्ने वेब सेवक, गोल्डेन दूरसञ्चारको सञ्जालमा रहेको छ जून रूसको [[मस्को]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसमा प्रयोग गरिने प्रग्रामिङ भाषा जाभा हो भने वेबसाइटको अगाडि देखिने मुख्य भाषा [[रुसी भाषा|रूसी]] हो। यो वेबसाइटले अपाचे टमक्याट नामक वेब सेवकको प्रयोग गर्दछ।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत| युआरएल=http://serversiders.com/odnoklassniki.ru| शीर्षक=ओद्नोकलासनिकी| प्रकाशक=सर्भर स्लाइडर्स डटकम| पहुँचमिति=२०१०-०९-२०| deadurl=yes| अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://archive.is/20101222070215/http://serversiders.com/odnoklassniki.ru| अभिलेखमिति=२०१०-१२-२२| df=}}</ref> == पुरस्कार र पहिचान == यो वेबसाइटले क्रमश सन् २००६<ref>[http://www.premiaruneta.ru/archive/premia-2006/rulet/ रूनेट पुरस्कार, २००६] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013035204/http://www.premiaruneta.ru/archive/premia-2006/rulet/ |date=2007-10-13 }}</ref> र २००७<ref>[http://www.premiaruneta.ru/premia-2007/ रूनेट पुरस्कार, २००७] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221182006/http://www.premiaruneta.ru/premia-2007/ |date=2008-02-21 }}</ref> मा [[रूनेट पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गरेको थियो। सन् २०१२ मा, भेन्चर भिलेज नामक कम्पनीले यसलाई विश्वमा "रूसको उत्कृष्ट १० इन्टरनेट ब्रान्डको रूपमा नामाकरण गरेको थियो। <ref>[http://venturevillage.eu/the-top-10-russian-internet-brands-out-the-conquer-the-विश्वका दस उत्कृष्ट रूसी इन्टरनेट ब्रान्ड]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [http://ok.ru आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] * [http://www.ewdn.com/2011/06/21/social-network-odnoklassniki-ru-reaches-100-million-accounts ओद्नोकलासनिकीमा १०० मिलियन खाताहरू] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724153541/http://www.ewdn.com/2011/06/21/social-network-odnoklassniki-ru-reaches-100-million-accounts |date=2012-07-24 }} - [http://www.ewdn.com इस्ट-वेस्ट डिजिटल न्युज] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724153828/http://www.ewdn.com/ |date=2012-07-24 }}, जून २१, २०११ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080626021122/http://www.russiatoday.ru/features/news/190ओद्नोकलासनिकीको सुविधा र विशेषता] - रसिया टुडे, डिसेम्बर २६, २००७ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091205085902/http://totul.md/ro/expertitem/169.html ओद्नोकलासनिकी डटरू, भिकन्टेक्ट डटरू, फेसबुक डटकम] [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक सञ्जाल]] [[श्रेणी:रूसी वेबसाइटहरू]] s0hq0o00h3rx790ejqj154p15sb8797 0 103463 1367973 1307512 2026-07-30T14:31:39Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367973 wikitext text/x-wiki यो सूची कवि तथा लेखक [[सुमन पोखरेल]]द्वारा रचित तथा उनका बारेका रचित रचनाहरूको संक्षिप्त सूची हो । ==कृतिहरू== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *[[शून्य मुटुको धड्कनभित्र]] *[[हजार आँखा यी आँखामा]] *[[जीवनको छेउबाट]] *सौन्दर्यको सङ्गीत<ref name="SKS">{{cite web|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/सौन्दर्यको_सङ्गीत_/_सुमन_पोखरेल|title=सौन्दर्यको सङ्गीत|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल|publisher=वाणी प्रकाशन|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> *मलाई जिन्दगी नै दुख्दछ<ref name="MZND">{{cite web|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/मलाई_जिन्दगी_नै_दुख्दछ_/_सुमन_पोखरेल|title=मलाई जिन्दगी नै दुख्दछ|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल|publisher=वाणी प्रकाशन|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> *[[मनपरेका केही कविता]] *[[आँधीबेहरी]] *[[भारत : शाश्वत आवाज|शाश्वत आवाज]] }} ==कविता== ===नेपाली=== '''[[जीवनको छेउबाट]]मा सङ्ग्रहित''' {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *केटाकेटी<ref name="JCB">{{cite web|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/जीवनको_छेउबाट_/_सुमन_पोखरेल|title=जीवनको छेउबाट| first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|publisher=वाणी प्रकाशन|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> *गर्मी *रुख – १ *रुख – २ *बिदा हुँदाहुँदै *हरेक बिहान *खोरम्पा * *साँझको घाम र जूनको कथा *निर्णय गर्नुअघि *काठमान्डौ ओर्लेपछि *कमैया बस्तीमा *नदी बोक्ने गाउँमा *विपर्यास *भरिया *बिदा हुन्नँ *आगाले भिजेको आकाश *जिन्दगी *रहर *जिजीविषा *आकाशबाट *यात्रामा निस्किँदै. *पिलो *कार्यालय *ठाडो उभिएको आकाश *पुनरागमन *ढाका *ह्याङ्ओभर *तिमी जसरी छ्यौ *एक पुष्पवीजको आह्वान *आदेश *लोडसेडिङ् *यो सहर कसको हो ? *सपना नदेखूँ *कविता फुरिरहेको छैन – १ *कविता फुरिरहेको छैन – २ *व्यस्तता *बर्सात्‌मा बुद्धको मूर्ति सामु *बैँसभरि नबुझेको कुरा *मनको गीत *जीवनसँगको जम्काभेटमा *मध्यरात सडकमा *ताजमहल र मेरो प्रेम<ref name="JCB"/> }} '''[[शून्य मुटुको धड्कनभित्र]]मा सङ्ग्रहित''' {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *भोकाएको मन<ref name="SMDB">{{cite web|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/शून्य_मुटुको_धड्कनभित्र_/_सुमन_पोखरेल|title=शून्य मुटुको धड्कनभित्र| first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|publisher=वाणी प्रकाशन|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> *कसरी दिऊँ माया ? *जिन्दगी म बाँचिरहेछ *के तिमी भाषण हौ र ! *दुवै निद्रा आइपर्दा *मेरो मान्छे कता दौडिँदैछ ? *एक पटक नारीमाथि *केही केही केही केही *एक कण मात्र बाँचिँदोरहेछ *म पागल हुँ *मैले आत्महत्या गर्दा *तस्विरसँग *मध्यरातको जिन्दगीसँगको जम्काभेट *कल्पना पतन *अभिनय *पर्खालपारिपट्‌टिलाई एउटा सम्प्रेषण *झझल्को *भ्यालेन्टाइन्स डे *यो मेरै देश हो *माया हैन भन्न सक्दिनँ *सर्पहरू त जहाँ पनि हुन्छन् *काठमाण्डौ ! हिँड जौँ *म आदेश दिन्छु *धमिलो आकाश र धर्तीमा *व्यर्थै बोलायौ काठमाण्डू, तिमीले मलाई *शून्य मुटुको धड्कनभित्र *आर्यघाटमा केही लेखिरहेको छैन *मेरो परिवेशमा *मेरो ब्रम्हाण्ड *परिवर्तन *रगतको डिनर *त्यो भूकम्प अन्तिम हैन *देश र धरहरा *हुलाक *जहाँ शून्यताले आकार बुन्छ *फेरि तिम्रै माया *अब खुकुरी दापभित्र पनि चल्न थालेको छ *आभास अनिष्टको *यात्रा-बाटोको *पख पख, यो रात च्यातौँ *कतै देवता नहोऊँ *खै त मुटु ? *स्वभक्षणको हक *हरे ! कति बिध्न कविता ? *शङ्का लाग्न थालेको छ *अब मान्छे मर्नै पर्छ कि कसो! *पहिरो छ *तिमी मात्र हैन ऊ पनि छ *मेरो सपना तिम्रो आँखाभरि *आक्रान्ता रहर बोक्छ *कुखुरी काँ *छोरीलाई *अब घामको सुत्ने पालो<ref name="SMDB"/> }} ===अङ्ग्रेजी=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''अ बर्थडे ग्रिटिङ टू माइसेल्फ'' ''A Birthday Greeting to Myself'' *''अ फोरलोर्न क्वेश्चन'' ''A Forlorn Question'' *''अ रिमिनिसेन्ट क्याण्डल लाइट'' ''A Reminiscent Candlelight''<ref name="AP0">{{cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/poem/12334714-A-Reminiscent-Candlelight-by-Suman-Pokhrel|title=A Reminiscent Candlelight|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|publisher=All Poetry|date=|accessdate=2019-03-08}}</ref> *''कफी इन माई रेभेरी'' ''Coffee in My Reverie'' *''डु नट आस्क मी, आई एम इन ओब्लिभियन'' ''Do not ask Me, I am in Oblivion'' *''फिभर'' ''[[:en:Fever (poem)|Fever]]'' *''हाउ क्यान आइ कम क्लोज टु यु'' ''How can I Come Close to You?'' *''आई लभ यु इभ्रिह्वेर अन योर बडी एन्ड सोल'' ''I Love You Everywhere on Your Body and Soul'' *''लेट माई पेन रिमेन विथ मी'' ''Let My Pains Remain with Me'' *''लेट अस एफिक्स आवर लाइफ टुगेदर'' ''Let Us Affix Our Being Together'' *''लेट अस रिनोभेट दिस नाइट'' ''Let Us Renovate this Night'' *''मे आई गेट इनगल्फ्ड'' ''May I get Engulfed'' *''मोमेन्ट्स'' ''Moments'' *''सेटिङ फायर अन डिजायर्स'' ''Setting Fire on Desires'' *''द पेन अफ लभ'' ''The Pen of Love''<ref name="AP1">{{cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/poem/12314779-The-Pen-of-Love-by-Suman-Pokhrel|title=The Pen of Love|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल|publisher=All Poetry|date=|accessdate=2019-03-08}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *''यु आर द वानेस्ट'' ''You are the Onest'' }} ==अनूदित कविता== ===अरबीमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''अल अत्फल'' ''الأَطْفَالُ'' *''अन्ता कामा अन्ता '' ''أَنْتَ كَمَا أَنْتَ'' *''उन्मी येह ताह'' ''أُ مْنِيّ اتٌ'' <ref name="Nowherearabic1">{{cite web|url=https://sumanpokhrel.wixsite.com/nowhere/poetry-in-arabic-translation|script-title=ar:أُمْنِيّاتٌ|title=उन्मी येह ताह|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author1-link=सुमन पोखरेल|translator=एम.एन. अलरामादी |publisher=Nowhere|language=ar |date= |accessdate=2019-03-10}}</ref> }} ===बङ्गालीमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''शैशव'' ''(শৈশব)'' *''कामना'' ''(কামনা)'' *''इटा तूमी एमोन तूमी'' ''(এ তুমি, যেমন তুমি)'' *''कि भावे निकटे आसते पारी? कि भावे?'' ''(কীভাবে নিকটে আসতে পারি ? কীভাবে ?)''.<ref name="bangali1">{{Citation|last=पोखरेल|first=सुमन|author1-link=सुमन पोखरेल| last2 = | first2 = |title =কীভাবে নিকটে আসতে পারি ? কীভাবে? |language=बङ्गाली|translator=सुमन पोखरेल|journal= Poetic Prism 2016 [International Multilingual Poetry Anthology]|volume=|issu=|page=83|publisher=The Cultural Center of Vijayawada and Amarawati|editor=Padmaja Iyengar|location= Andra Pradesh, India |date=September 2016|url =|issn= |doi=|mr=|zbl=}}</ref> *''Aseem Yuger Janyo'' ''(অসীম যুগের জন্য)'' *''Yajnaseni'' ''(যাজ্ঞসেনী)'' }} ===अङ्ग्रेजीमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''अ स्टोरी अफ द सेटिङ सन एण्ड द मून” '' [[:en:A Story of the Setting Sun and The Moon|A Story of the Setting Sun and The Moon]]'' *''Among Freed Bonded-Labourers•''<ref name="PH1">{{cite web|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/among-freed-bonded-labourers|title=Among Freed Bonded-Labourers•|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल |translator=Abhi Subedi|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|editor=|publisher=|accessdate=2019-03-06}}</ref> *''एन इन्काउन्टर विद लाइफ''An Encounter with Life'' <ref name="PH0">{{cite web|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/suman-pokhrel |title=सुमन पोखरेल |publisher=Poem Hunter|date= |accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> *''बिफोर बुद्धज् स्ट्याचू इन द रेन'' ''Before Buddha's Statue In The Rain'''<ref name="PH2">{{cite web|url=https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/before-buddha-s-statue-in-the-rain|title=Before Buddha's Statue In The Rain|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल|translator=Abhi Subedi|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|editor=|publisher=|accessdate=2019-03-06}}</ref> *''बिफोर मेकिङ डिसिजन्स'' ''Before Making Decisions''<ref name="PH0"/> *बिफोर स्विचिङ अफ् लाइट'' ''Before Switching Off Light''<ref name="PH0"/> *''बिट्वीन रेन्बोज् एण्ड मेलोडी'' ''Between Rainbow And Melody''<ref name="PH0"/> *''चिल्ड्रेन'' ''[[:en:Children (poem)|Children]]''<ref name="PH0"/> *''कलर अफ होराइजन'' ''Colour Of Horizon''<ref name="PH0"/> *''कमान्ड्स'' ''Commands''<ref name="PH0"/> *''डिजायर्स'' ''Desires''<ref name="PH0"/> *''इन्ट्याङ्गलमेन्ट्स'' ''Entanglements''<ref name="PH0"/> *''एभ्रि मर्निङ'' ''[[:en:Every Morning|Every Morning]]'' *''हीट'' ''[[:en:Heat (poem)|Heat]]'' *''होम'' ''Home''<ref name="PH0"/> *''आई स्याल बिड नो फेयरवेल'' ''I Shall Bid No Farewell''<ref name="PH0"/> *''आई एम सर्चिङ अ हार्ट'' I'm Searching A Heart''<ref name="PH0"/> *''खोरम्पा'' ''Khorampa''<ref name="PH0"/> *''स्ट्यान्डिङ इन अ मार्केट'' ''Standing In A Market''<ref name="PH0"/> *''द ल्याण्डसाइड'' ''The Landslide''<ref name="PH0"/> *''द ताजमहल एन्ड माई लभ'' ''The Taj Mahal & My Love''<ref name="satchidanandna1">{{cite|title=The Songs We Share|first=|last=|editor=K. Satchidanandan & Ajeet Cour|publisher=Foundation of SAARC Wirters and Literature|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|date=2011|pages=88, 179, 255|ISBN=8188703214}}</ref> *''ट्री'' ''[[:en:Tree (poem)|Tree]]'' *''ट्रीज'' ''Trees''<ref name="PH0"/> *''हुज सिटी इज दिस?'' ''Whose City Is This?''<ref name="PH0"/> *''यु आर एज यु आर'' ''[[:en:You are, as You are|You are, as You are]]'' }} ===जर्मनमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''किन्डर'' ''Kinder'' *''Sehnsucht'' *''Du bist, wie du bist''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13677267-sehnsucht-german-translation-of-suman-pokhrel-s-poem-desire/fever/|title=Sehnsucht|trans-title=Desire|language=जर्मन|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|translator=Margaret Sain|publisher=Godreads|date=24 July 2016 |accessdate=2019-03-07}}</ref> }} ===हिन्दीमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''यात्रा में निकलते हुए'' *''आदेश'' *''आधी रात को सडक पे'' *''आग से भीगा हुआ आकाश'' *''आसमान से'' *बच्चे *''भारिक'' *''बिदा होते हुए'' *''विपर्यास'' *''ढाका'' *''गर्मी'' *''हर सुबह'' *''जिजीविषा'' *''कार्यालय'' *''काठमान्डु उतरने के बाद'' * ''कोई सपना ना देखूँ'' *''क्षितिज का रंग''<ref>{{Citation|last=पोखरेल|first=सुमन|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल |title=क्षितिज का रंग|language=हिन्दी|translator=सुमन पोखरेल|journal= Poetic Prism 2016 [International Multilingual Poetry Anthology]|date=September 2016|issu=|page=162|publisher=The Cultural Center of Vijayawada and Amarawati|editor=Padmaja Iyengar|location= Andra Pradesh, India |url =|issn= |doi=|mr=|zbl=}}</ref> *''लालसाएँ'' *''लम्बवत खडा आकाश'' *''मन का गीत'' *''नहीं आ रही कविता (एक)'' *''नहीं जाउंगा मैं'' *''निर्णय लेने से पहले'' *''पेड़'' *''पुनरागमन'' *''शाम का सूरज, और चाँदनी की कहानी'' *''ताजमहल और मेरा प्रेम'' *''तुम जिस तरह हो'' *''यह शहर किसका है ? ''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asuvidha.blogspot.com/2016/02/blog-post_25.html|title=नेपाली युवा कवि सुमन पोखरेल की कविताएं|trans-title=Poetry of Nepali Poet सुमन पोखरेल|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल |translator=सुमन पोखरेल|language=हिन्दी|date=25 February 2016|publisher=अशोक कुमार पाण्डेय |accessdate=2017-08-06}}</ref> *''जिन्दगी'' }} ===इटालियनमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''फेब्ब्री'' ''Febbre'' *''Il colore dell’orizzonte''<ref>{{Citation|last=पोखरेल|first=सुमन|author1-link=सुमन पोखरेल|title =L Colore Dell'Orizzonte|language=इटालियन|translator=रिता साञ्चियोनी|journal= Poetic Prism 2016 [International Multilingual Poetry Anthology]|date=September 2016|issu=|page=171|publisher=The Cultural Center of Vijayawada and Amarawati|editor=पद्मजा आयेग्नर|location= आन्द्रप्रदेश, भारत |url =|issn= |doi=|mr=|zbl=}}</ref> *''Prima di prendere decisioni'' *''क्यालोरे'' ''Calore'' *''बाम्बिनी'' ''Bambini'' *''डेजिडेरियो'' ''Desiderio'' *''Sei, come sei'' *''Potrei essere travolto da te'' }} ===फारसीमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''अरमान'' ''آرمان'' *'''अत्‌फाल'' ''اطفال'' *''तू मानिन्द खुद्दत हस्ती'' ''تو مانند خودت هستی'' <ref name="parsian">{{cite web|url=http://kabulnath.de/Sale-e-Iejazdaoum/Shoumare-257/nazi%20karim.html|title=तू मानिन्द खुद्दत हस्ती|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल| author1-link=सुमन पोखरेल|translator=नाजी करीम|editor= |language=फारसी|publisher=काबुलनात |website=|date=2015 |accessdate=2017-08-07}}</ref> }} ===स्पेनिसमा अनूदित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *''Antes de apagar la luz'' *''निनोस'' ''Niños'' *''Tu eres, como tu eres''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog_posts/13668472-tu-eres-como-tu-eres-spanish-translation-of-suman-pokhrel-s-poem-you|title=TU ERES, COMO TU ERES|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल|language=स्पेनिस|translator=Malu Pademelon|publisher=Godreads|date=22 July 2016 |accessdate=2017-08-07}}</ref> }} ==गीत== ===[[हजार आँखा यी आँखामा]]मा सङ्ग्रहित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| * तिमी र म अनि यो मधुमास<ref name="HAYA">{{cite web|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/हजार_आँखा_यी_आँखामा_/_सुमन_पोखरेल|title=हजार आँखा यी आँखामा| first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल|publisher=वाणी प्रकाशन|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> * मेरा भावनालाई * पटक पटक मरेर * खै के सुनाउनु उनलाई * तिम्रो मनको मझेरीमा * हरेक साँझ झिकेर मुटु * छ्यान्द्रो मेरो मुटुमा * च्यातिएको घरमा * चस्किदियो छाती * झरेको फूल फेरि * दुई सागर पानी * एउटा जीवन मैले * पहिले त तिम्रो जीवनको * कामनाहरूलाई * को दुख्छ अब मलाई * धेरैधेरै रहरहरू * आज यो मैले * यहाँ प्रभात पनि * तिम्रा रहरहरूमा * जीवनको बाटोभरि * विश्वास हो माया * तिमीले जलाएको मुटु * तिम्रा आँखा * त्यो अङ्गालोमा बाँध्ने * रात जस्तो केश * यसरी बस्यौ * हराएछन् सबै आशा * पहिले केही थिएन * हजार आँखा, यी आँखामा * विश्वास छैन मेरो भने * यो मेरो हठ * जिन्दगीका चोटहरूले * अलिकति म बाँचुँला * सुख दुःख जीवनभरको * दिनदिनको उतार चढाव * मलाई आभिशाप लाग्दछ * हजार टुक्रा भएर पनि * मनभरि थुप्रै माया * थुनेर चाहना * भाग्यले उसलाई * इशारैले लेखिदेऊ * तिम्रो अधरलाई आज * मैले सबैथोक * धोका खाएर आँखाको * छोरो तँ सबै जस्तो * कहाँ पुग्यौ भन * बानी परेका ती आँखा * धर्ती आकाशभन्दा पर * जे थियो मेरो * बाधा सबै सिध्याई * तिम्रा कामनालाई * सँगै बिताउने यो रात * एउटा गीत लेखेर * बेहोसीमा कतिकति * रोज्नुपर्दा बादल हैन * होस खोस्ने मुस्कान तिम्रो * तस्वीरमा तिमीलाई * सम्हालिन त खोज्दछु * हरघडी उमेर मात्र * निष्ठुरीको विश्वासघातमा * मातिएर केके भनेँ<ref name="HAYA"/> }} ===मलाई जिन्दगी नै दुख्दछ'मा सङ्ग्रहित=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| * डुबेर यो संसार तलाउमा<ref name="MZND"/> * कहाँ छैन र ईश्वर यो संसारमा * बोकेर फूल हातमा * जीवित राख्न यो दुनियाँ * नेपाली नेपाली * जीत त हुन्छ, प्रेमको * बन्दुक बोक्ने हातहरू * म रोऊँ त कहाँ रोऊँ * सुस्केरालाई सुसेली * आखिर सबै सकिइगयो * रोक्दा पनि रोकिँदैन * छरिएर सँधैभरि * जिन्दगीको हो यो कस्तो दुखाई * आफ्ना हुन आउनेले नै * मेरा सबै रहरहरूमा * कठोर भई भीडमा * छामूँ म छामूँ के * सबै ब्यर्थजस्तो लाग्दछ * मेरा चोटहरूको * तिमीले हाँसेको * कुनै मुटु मलाई सम्झी * भनेको केही नपुग्ने * यो भ्रमलाई यस्तैगरी * हाँस्ने कारण पनि छैन * मलाई जिन्दगी नै * म त हिँडूँ भन्दथेँ * अर्को छैन गीत मेरो * तिमी भन्छ्यौ भने * खन्याइरहेँछु ढुकढुकी * आज यो अँध्यारोले (युवक) * आज यो अँध्यारोले (युवती) * तिम्रो मायामा * पिरतिका फूलहरूको * भेटहुँदा मुस्काएथ्यौ * रूपरङ्गको बतासले * पग्लिएर पोखिऊँ झैँ * कसो गरी तिमी मेरो * मनफूलको तरेली * कसरी पखालौँ बैँशको रङ्गलाई * मनको चरी उडी भाग्यो * जसले यो मुटु छेड्यो * कति मिठा कति न्याना * सँधै तिम्रो साथ हुन्थ्यो * कता हिँड्छु कता पुग्छु * मेरो मनको आँगनमा * सँधैभरि तिमीलाई * त्यसैत्यसै मात लाग्ने * तिमी आउँदा * एउटा गीत यो छातीमा * कता कता मन पराएँ * यो वन पाखा * किन महङ्गा सपनाहरू * आज मेरो अघिल्तिर * समयले सधैँ यो मन * फक्रिएको मनको फूल * सम्झेर पनि बिर्सेर पनि * हिजो कस्तो रमाईलो थ्यो' * रातभरि रोएँ म त * कति उठाऊँ यो जीवनलाई * बाँचिरहेछु वा मरिरहेछु * नयाँ जीवन कथा लेख्न * अतीत मेरो नसम्झाऊ * तिमी गएपछि * कहाँ टेकूँ कहाँ समाऊँ * तिमीले पनि किन * फूल आँसु भै पोखिँदा * अँध्यारो रात आयो * अँध्यारो छ बिहानैदेखि * बाहिरबाहिर हाँसिदिन्छु * अङ्ग अङ्गमा * चर्केको मुटु * संसारै बटुली उभिएकी * तिमीले हल्कै गुनगुनाई दियौ * बाँचिरहेँछु सधैँ बेहोशी मै * हजार आँखाबाट * सकेँ भने फर्काउँला * नजिक आऊ * छन् ब्यथा केही मेरा * न त दिन भयो * यति धेरै माया दियौ * बुझ्नै सकेनौ * एकाएक मेरो एकान्त चलाई * तिमीले चुमेको छाती * जीवनको हरपलमा * मेरो बारेमा के * नबोले हुन्छ फेरि तर * यो तिम्रो कथा हो * त्यत्रो भीडबीच * जीवन के हो भनी * कसरी गाऊँ म गीत * कति भोगेँ अहिल्यै * कताकता पुगी * कस्सम पनि उनीलाई * सबै पीर गर्छन् * कति दुख्छु भित्रभित्रै * अचानक नै आयौ * सुनाऊँ अहिले कसैलाई कसरी * भन्दिनँ म भन्दिनँ * सधैँभरि तिमीलाई * नहेर त्यसरी * दुखाउँदै आयो, * हिजोआज मलाई * भन्न खोज्या कुरालाई * मैले याद गर्दा कतै<ref name="MZND"/> }} ==गजल== ===नेपाली=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *अन्धकार हुन्छ मेरो<ref name="SKS"/> *अब यो के शान्त हुन्थ्यो *आएको अघि तैँसित हुँ *आफ्नै अधर बैरी भो *आफ्नै नाउँ बिरानो भो *ईश्वर नबनाएको भए *एउटा माया गाँस्नुरहेछ *कता झरूँ म ? *कहाँ अल्झिऊँ म ? *किताब आफ्ना-आफ्ना *चमत्कारका कुरा *चिट्ठी पाउँदैछ्यौ तिमी *चोट भरूँ म पहिले *चोट मलाई रह्यो *छुँदैन कुनै जहरले मलाई *जब उनी छेउमा बसिन् *जहर पिलाउँछ जिन्दगी *जित मेरो मुटु *जीवनलाई भर कसको हो ? *जून धर्तीमा झारूँ म *तिमी नआए झैँ *तिमी याद आयौ *ती चिसा रात मेरा *त्यसैको सम्झना आयो *त्यही काफी छ *दिलको बदनाम लिएर *दिलको हाल धड्कन्छ *दुखिरह्यो जीवन *धड्कनको चाल अर्कै छ *नलुकाऊ नजरहरू *पार्यौ बेहोश यस्तो *प्यासी धाएन कहिल्यै *प्रसङ्ग अर्कै छ *प्रेम गर्ने भूलजस्तो *फुर्ती किन लगाउँछ *बदलिएछन् बाटा तिम्रा *बिझाए भनेर *बिष मीठो, जहर मीठो *भई त गयो फाटो मेरो *भाग्यले ओराल्न सक्दैन *भोलि कता जाँदैछ ? *म मरेको बिहानीको *मन तिम्रो घर भयो *मन बुझाएँ रातरातभर *मनभित्रै त्यसरी भिजेँ *मसँग बदनाम आयो *मात हराई पानी भो *मुटु जलाई के भयो *मेरा अधर नानी हुँदा *मेरो कोठामा *मेरो बँचाइ अर्कै छ *मैले रुँदा गीत भयो *यसरी सताउने गर्दछन् *र बिर्सियौ तिमीले *र मात्र सास आयो *रक्ताम्य छ कागत पनि *रगतले लेख्ने गर्दछु *लोलाइरहू यस्तै *वेदनाको बजार भयो *शोभा बढाइरहेँ मैले<ref name="SKS"/> }} ===हिन्दी/उर्दु=== {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *शाइर न बनाया होता'' ''شا‌عر نۂ بنایا ہوتا'' *''उम्र भर हम भूलाते रहे'' ''عمر بھر ہم بھولتے رہے'' *''वही हाल दुबारा होता'' ''وہی حال دوبارہ ہوتا'' *''कहाँ जा रहे हो?'' ''کہاں جا رہے ہو؟'' *''जिन्दगी गुजारा जाए'' ''زندگی گزارا جائے'' *''मेरे कमरे में'' ''میرے کمرے میں''<ref>{{Citation|last=पोखरेल|first=सुमन|author1-link=सुमन पोखरेल |title=मेरे कमरे में|language=Urdu|journal= Poetic Prism 2016 [International Multilingual Poetry Anthology]|volume=|issu=|page=309|publisher=The Cultural Center of Vijayawada and Amarawati|editor=Padmaja Iyengar|location= Andra Pradesh, India |date=September 2016|url =|issn= |doi=|mr=|zbl=}}</ref> }} ==अनुवाद== ===नेपाली अनुवाद=== {| class="wikitable" ! कविताको शीर्षक !! कवि !! मूल भाषा !! अघिल्लो भाषा !! स्रोत |- | ती दुई || [[:en:Allen Ginsberg|एलेन गिन्सबर्ग]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1">{{cite web|url= https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7160731.Suman_Pokhrel/blog |title=ब्लग|first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> |- | निर्जनता || [[:en:Allen Ginsberg|एलेन गिन्सबर्ग]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | अमेरिका || [[:en:Allen Ginsberg|एलेन गिन्सबर्ग]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1">{{cite book|last1=Akhmatova|first1=Anna|author-link1=Anna Akhmatova|last2=Świrszczyńska|first2=Anna|author-link2=Anna Świrszczyńska|last3=Ginsberg |first3= Allen |author-link3=Allen Ginsberg|last4=Agustini |first4=Delmira |author-link4=Delmira Agustini|last5= Farrokhzad |first5=Forough |author-link5=Forough Farrokhzad|last6= Mistral |first6=Gabriela|author-link6=Gabriela Mistral| last7= Jacques |first7=Jacques |author-link7=Jacques Prévert|last8=Mahmoud |first8= Mahmoud|author-link8=Mahmoud Darwish| last9=Al-Malaika |first9= Nazik|author-link9= Nazik Al-Malaika|last10=Hikmet |first10=Nazim|author-link10=Nazim Hikmet|last11=Qabbani |first11= Nizar|author-link11=Nizar Qabbani| last12=Paz |first12=Octavio |author-link12=Octavio Paz| last13=Neruda |first13= Pablo |author-link13=Pablo Neruda|last14=Plath |first14=Sylvia |author-link14=Sylvia Plath|last15=Amichai |first15=Yehuda|author-link15=Yehuda Amichai|translator-last1=Pokhrel|translator-first1=Suman|translator-link1=Suman Pokhrel|translator-mask1=|date=|year=2018|orig-year=|chapter=|title=Manpareka Kehi Kavita|script-title=ne:मनपरेका केही कविता|trans-title=Some Poems of My Choice|language=Nepali|edition=First|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Shikha Books|publication-date=2018|pages=174|isbn=}}</ref> |- | होमवर्क || [[:en:Allen Ginsberg|एलेन गिन्सबर्ग]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | र जून र ताराहरू र यो दुनियाँ || [[:en:Charles Bukowski|चार्ल्स बुकोवस्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | केही छैन त्यसको उपाय || [[:en:Charles Bukowski|चार्ल्स बुकोवस्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | ढुङ्गो || [[:en:Hélène Cardona|हेलेन कार्डोना]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref>{{Citation|last=Cardona|first= Hélène|author1-link= :en:Hélène Cardona |language=ne |title=ढुङ्गो |translator=Suman Pokhrel|journal= Kalashree|volume=6|issue=6|page=412|publisher=Nepali Kala Sahitya Dot Com Pratisthan|editor=Momila|location=Kathmandu|date=April 2015|url =|issn= |doi=|mr=|zbl=}}</ref> |- | हर्षोन्मत्तता || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | धारणा || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1">{{cite web|url=http://kavitakosh.org/kk/सुमन_पोखरेल|title=सुमन पोखरेल| first=सुमन|last=पोखरेल|publisher=कविताकोश |accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> |- | वन अभिवादन || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/><ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | लोकतन्त्र || [[:en:Langston Hughes|ल्याङ्गसटन ह्युज]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/><ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | न्याय || [[:en:Langston Hughes|ल्याङ्गसटन ह्युज]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/><ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | म पनि गाउँछु, गीत अमेरिकाको || [[:en:Langston Hughes|ल्याङ्गसटन ह्युज]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | सेविका र उनकी मालिक्नी || [[:en:Langston Hughes|ल्याङ्गसटन ह्युज]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | पिँजडाको चरो || [[:en:Maya Angelou|माया एन्जोलो]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | विशिष्ट नारी || [[:en:Maya Angelou|माया एन्जोलो]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | सांसारिक शब्दहरूमा उमेर उक्लिँदै || [[:en:Sheema Kalbasi|शीमा कालबासी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | पहिलो पाठ: बिरामीको मृत्यू हुन्छ || [[:en:Sheema Kalbasi|शीमा कालबासी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | बौलाही युवतीको प्रेमगीत || [[:en:Sylvia Plath|सिल्भिया प्लाथ]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | लेडी लेजरस || [[:en:Sylvia Plath|सिल्भिया प्लाथ]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | प्रेमपत्र || [[:en:Sylvia Plath|सिल्भिया प्लाथ]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | ऊ शान्त थियो, र पनि || [[:en:Mahmoud Darwish|महमुद दरविश]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | कविताबाट पछार्रियो त्यो घोडा || [[:en:Mahmoud Darwish|महमुद दरविश]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | मातृभूमि || [[:en:Mahmoud Darwish|महमुद दरविश]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | परिचयपत्र || [[:en:Mahmoud Darwish|महमुद दरविश]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | कामसुत्रको एउटा पाठ || [[:en:Mahmoud Darwish|महमुद दरविश]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पासपोर्ट || [[:en:Mahmoud Darwish|महमुद दरविश]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | नयाँ वर्ष || [[:en:Nazik Al-Malaika|नाजिक अल मलाइका]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पीडाको वन्दना (एक) || [[:en:Nazik Al-Malaika|नाजिक अल मलाइका]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पीडाको वन्दना (दुई) || [[:en:Nazik Al-Malaika|नाजिक अल मलाइका]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पीडाको वन्दना (तीन) || [[:en:Nazik Al-Malaika|नाजिक अल मलाइका]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | शब्दसमर्पित प्रेमगीत || [[:en:Nazik Al-Malaika|नाजिक अल मलाइका]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | ए, मेरी प्रिया || [[:en:Nizar Qabbani|निजार कब्बानी]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | तिमीलाई चुम्बन गर्दा || [[:en:Nizar Qabbani|निजार कब्बानी]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | चित्रकलाको एउटा पाठ || [[:en:Nizar Qabbani|निजार कब्बानी]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | संवाद || [[:en:Nizar Qabbani|निजार कब्बानी]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | दु:खको महाकाव्य || [[:en:Nizar Qabbani|निजार कब्बानी]] || [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | जारसँग || [[:en:Faiz Ahmad Faiz|फैज अहमद फैज]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | समर्पण || [[:en:Faiz Ahmad Faiz|फैज अहमद फैज]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | पहिलेजस्तो प्रेम नमाग मसँग मेरी प्रिया || [[:en:Faiz Ahmad Faiz|फैज अहमद फैज]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | तिम्रो याद आइरह्यो रातभर || [[:en:Faiz Ahmad Faiz|फैज अहमद फैज]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | केही प्रेम गरेँ, केही कर्म गरेँ || [[:en:Faiz Ahmad Faiz|फैज अहमद फैज]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | कहिले काहीँ || [[:en:Sahir Ludhianvi|साहिर लुधियानवी]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | आज || [[:en:Sahir Ludhianvi|साहिर लुधियानवी]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | ताजमहल || [[:en:Sahir Ludhianvi|साहिर लुधियानवी]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | पलायन || [[:en:Sahir Ludhianvi|साहिर लुधियानवी]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | गुलाफका वंशज || [[:en:Allama Prabhu|अल्लामा प्रभू]] || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | मेरी आमा || [[:en:P. Lankesh|पी. लङ्केश]] || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | कतिविध्न गह्रौँ दिनहरू || [[:en:Hermann Hesse|हर्मन हेस्से]] || [[जर्मन भाषा|जर्मन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | तिमी नहुँदा || [[:en:Hermann Hesse|हर्मन हेस्से]] || [[जर्मन भाषा|जर्मन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | तिमीलाई सम्झनु || [[:en:Hikmet Ran|नाजिम हिकमत]] || [[:en:Turkish language|तुर्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | जेलबाट चिठ्ठी || [[:en:Hikmet Ran|नाजिम हिकमत]] || [[:en:Turkish language|तुर्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | अहम्‌ कुरो || [[:en:Hikmet Ran|नाजिम हिकमत]] || [[:en:Turkish language|तुर्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | पछि जेल जानेहरूलाई सल्लाह || [[:en:Hikmet Ran|नाजिम हिकमत]] || [[:en:Turkish language|तुर्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | हृदयरोग || [[:en:Hikmet Ran|नाजिम हिकमत]] || [[:en:Turkish language|तुर्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | मैले थाह नपाएका मलाई मनपर्ने चिजहरू || [[:en:Hikmet Ran|नाजिम हिकमत]] || [[:en:Turkish language|तुर्की]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | दह्रो रहेछ भाग्य || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | स्वर्णीम प्रेम || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | म झ्याल उघार्ने छु || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | नजन्मिएकी नारी || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | म र मेरो म || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | समुद्र र मान्छे || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | भित्तामा टाउको बजारेँ मैले || [[:en:Anna Świrszczyńska|अन्ना स्वीर]] || [[:en:Polish language|पोलिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | गुमेको यौवन || [[:en:Azita Ghahreman|अजिता गहरमन]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="nepalikalas 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.nepalikalasahitya.com/en/world-literature.php|title=विश्व साहित्य|publisher=नेपाली कलासाहित्य डट कम प्रतिष्ठान|website=nepalikalasahitya.com|accessdate=2017-08-06}}</ref> |- | शुक्रबार || [[:en:Forough Farrokhzad|फरोग फारुख्जाद]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | कोशेली || [[:en:Forough Farrokhzad|फरोग फारुख्जाद]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | लैजानेछ हामीलाई हावाले || [[:en:Forough Farrokhzad|फरोग फारुख्जाद]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | अरूभन्दा बेग्लै कोही || [[:en:Forough Farrokhzad|फरोग फारुख्जाद]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पाप || [[:en:Forough Farrokhzad|फरोग फारुख्जाद]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | बन्दी || [[:en:Forough Farrokhzad|फरोग फारुख्जाद]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | प्रार्थना || [[:en:Sheema Kalbasi|शीमा कालबासी]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | अन्त्यपर्तिर पनि यो संसार पुरुषको हो || [[:en:Sholeh Wolpé|शोलेह वोल्पी]] || [[:en:Persian language|फारसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | ब्रेकफास्ट || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | पारिवारिक जीवन || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | झरेका पातहरू || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पहिलो दिन || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | आलिकान्ते डुल्न जाँदा || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | गीत || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | तिम्रा लागि, प्रिये || [[:en:Jacques Prévert|ज्याक प्रिभेर]] || [[:en:French language|फ्रान्सिसी]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | पछ्यौराभित्र थुनिइरहे मेरा हात || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | दण्ड || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | साहस || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | प्रेमोत्सव || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | त्यस्ती ठानेछौ तिमीले मलाई || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | चट्याङ्‌ || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | थाह छैन तिमी मरिसक्यौ कि ज्यूँदैछौ || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | सबथोक || [[:en:Anna Akhmatova|अन्ना आख्मातोभा]] || [[:en:Russian language|रसियन]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | विष्फोट || [[:en:Delmira Agustini|डेलमिरा अगस्तिनी]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | बाँच्छु, मर्छु, जल्दछु, डुब्दछु || [[:en:Delmira Agustini|डेलमिरा अगस्तिनी]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | वन्धन || [[:en:Delmira Agustini|डेलमिरा अगस्तिनी]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | आत्मीय || [[:en:Delmira Agustini|डेलमिरा अगस्तिनी]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | जूनको उज्यालामा || [[:en:Delmira Agustini|डेलमिरा अगस्तिनी]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | निशागान || [[:en:Delmira Agustini|डेलमिरा अगस्तिनी]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | चम्किलो सेना || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | ती जो नाच्दैनन्‌ || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | उनलाई फेरि भेट्न || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | दुखित आमा || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | सल्लेरी || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | गुलाफ || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | साँझ || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | वार्षिकोत्सव || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | एक्ली छुइनँ म || [[:en:Gabriela Mistral|गाब्रिएला मिस्ट्र्ल]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | वारपार || [[:en:Octavio Paz|ओक्टाभियो पाज]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | अन्तिम बिहान || [[:en:Octavio Paz|ओक्टाभियो पाज]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | यी क्लिसेहरू धेर भए || [[:en:Octavio Paz|ओक्टाभियो पाज]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | स्पर्श || [[:en:Octavio Paz|ओक्टाभियो पाज]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | मैथुन || [[:en:Octavio Paz|ओक्टाभियो पाज]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | तिमीले मलाई बिर्सियौ भने || [[:en:Pablo Neruda|पाब्लो नेरुदा]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | माया गर्नु बाहेक ... || [[:en:Pablo Neruda|पाब्लो नेरुदा]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | आजको रात ... || [[:en:Pablo Neruda|पाब्लो नेरुदा]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | तिम्रा गोडा || [[:en:Pablo Neruda|पाब्लो नेरुदा]] || [[:en:Spanish language|स्पेनिस]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | ठाउँविहीन || [[:en:Anamika (poet)|अनामिका]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | खानतलासी || [[:en:Anamika (poet)|अनामिका]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | उचाइ || [[:en:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|अटलविहारी बाजपेयी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | स्पर्श || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/><ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | चिहाउँछन्‌ किताबहरू || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | इन्धन || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | पर्ख, नझार पर्दा || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | घरको माथिल्लो तलामा || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | खै के थियो भन्नुपर्ने || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | मलाई पनि सिकाइदेऊ तरिका || [[:en:Gulzar|गुलजार]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | लाभा || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | शब्द || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | पहाडको पल्लोपटी || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | चरो || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | सन्तापको दिन || [[:en:Kalpna Singh-Chitnis|कल्पना सिँह-चिटनिस]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | साँचो || [[:en:Ramdhari Singh Dinkar|दिनकर]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | रित्तो नाऊ || [[:en:Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena|सर्वेश्वर दयाल सक्सेना]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | तिब्बत || [[:en:Uday Prakash|उदय प्रकाश]] || [[हिन्दी]] || [[हिन्दी]] || <ref name="goodreads 1"/> |- | मेरा बा || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | बिर्सनु || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | स्वीकार नगर || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | दु:ख लाग्छ हामी त्यस्तो उपयुक्त खोज थियौँ || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | थाह छैन दोहोरिन्छ दोहोरिन्छ इतिहास || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | जर्मनीको यहुदी चिहानघारी || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | माया मारेपछिको कुकुर || [[:en:Yehuda Amichai|यहुदा अमिसाई]] || [[:en:Hebrew language|हिब्रु]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Manpareka 1"/> |- | ईश्वरले लालमोहर लगाए || कुभेम्पु (के.भी. पुट्टप्पा) || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name=" Shashwat ">{{cite book|last=पोखरेल|first=सुमन|author-link=सुमन पोखरेल |date=|year=2019|orig-year=|chapter=|title=भारत- शाश्वत आवाज||language=नेपाली|edition=पहिलो|location=काठमान्डु|publisher=नेपाली कलासाहित्य डट कम प्रतिष्ठान|publication-date=२०७५|pages=२५७|isbn=978-9937-0-5391-4}}</ref> |- | गङ्गाको अवरोहण || डी.आर. बेन्द्रे || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | दानव (हिटलर) र कवि || डा. भी. के. गोकक 'विनायक' || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | को हौ तिमी? || यू. आर. अनन्तमूर्ति || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मेरो गोजी || डा. जी.एस. शिवरुद्रप्पा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | हजारौँ नदीहरू || सिद्धलिङ्गलाह || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मेरी आमा || पी. लङ्केश || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | अमेरिका अमेरिका... || निसार अहमद || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | उहिल्यै कुनैबेला || चन्द्रशेखर पाटील || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मयुर वन || बडागुरु रामचन्द्रप्पा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | वाचनोध्यान || सिद्धय्या पुराणिक || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | कविता || कालेगोव्डा नागावारा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | काठमान्डु जाने बाटो || डोद्दारेङ्गे गोव्डा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | हराएको गीत || सिद्धलिङ्गा पत्तना सेट्टी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | अन्तिम शब्द || जयन्त कैकिनी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मैले भोगेको त्रासदी || विजयश्री सबराद || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मैले कविता लेख्न खोजेको हैन || चेन्नवीरा कान्भी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | सूर्य || बी.ए. सनादी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | फिलाडेल्फियामा एक बृद्धले जे भने || सुमतीन्द्र नाडिग || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | आमा || सर्जु काटकर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | घोषणापत्र || रम्जन दर्गा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | पेट्रोमक्स बोक्ने कोराभासहरू || जम्बन्न अमरचिन्ता || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | अहिले पनि त्यहाँ || सुब्बु होलेयर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | अहल्या || जी.एस. सिद्धालिङ्गलाह || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | एउटा रहस्य || जरागनहल्ली शिवशङ्कर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | केटाकेटी सधैँ केटाकेटी नै रहुन् || एच.एस. वेङ्कटेश मूर्ति || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | एउटा अर्को सिद्धार्थ || एच. ढुण्डिराज || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | सुख र दु:ख || टी.भी. कट्टिमणि || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | छालाको झोला || मल्लिका घान्ती || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | तीन प्रश्न || बासवराज सबराद || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | ढोग्छु म ईश्वरलाई || बी.आर. लक्ष्मण राव || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | अतीत || एम. गोपालकृष्ण अडिगा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | गुलाफका वंशज || अल्लामा प्रभू बेत्तागुरु || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | एलिभेटर || आरती एच. एन. || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | त्यस रातको मृतकको अन्त्येष्ठी || लोकेश अगसन कट्टे || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | एउटा अनुभव || लता राजशेखर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | ठूला हाकिमलाई || चन्द्रशेखर ताल्या || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | नयाँ कविता || मनु बालिगर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मैले चिनेको एउटा || के. भी. श्रीनिवास मूर्ति || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | पर्खाइ... || सिद्धराज पुजारी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | मेरी आमा || जी. अब्दुल बसीर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | आगोकी छोरी || सुकन्या मारुती || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | सङ्कोची पछ्यौरा || ज्योति गुरुप्रसाद || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | हे ईश्वर! एकपल्ट नारी बनेर हेर || के. सरिफा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | बाटाभरि || एल.एन. मुकुन्दराज || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | बोधिबृक्षका फेदमा || मोहन नागम्मनावर || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | स्वतन्त्रता || लता गुट्टी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | जलिरहेकी धरती || टी.सी. पूर्णिमा || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | प्रतिबन्ध || आर. तारिणी शुभदायिन || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | हे बाघ, तँ हुँदाहुँदै || तेजश्री जे. एन. || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |- | दुई किसान || एस. आर. एक्कुन्दी || [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] || [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] || <ref name="Shashwat"/> |} ===[[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] अनुवाद=== {| class="wikitable" ! कवि !! मूल भाषा !! मूल रचनाको शीर्षक !! [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] अनुवादको शीर्षक !! स्रोत |- | [[हरिभक्त कटुवाल]] || नेपाली || रहर || Wish || <ref name="Nowhere HT">{{cite web|url= https://sumanpokhrel.wixsite.com/nowhere/english-translation |title=English Translation| first=Suman|last=Pokhrel|publisher=Nowhere|accessdate=2019-03-22}}</ref> |- | [[हरिभक्त कटुवाल]] || नेपाली || म, कवि || Me, A Poet || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | [[ईश्वरबल्लभ|ईश्वरवल्लभ]] || नेपाली || धूवाँको जङ्गल || Jungle of Smoke || <ref name="poeticprism1">{{Citation|last=Pokhrel|first=Suman|author1-link= | title=Poetic Prism|journal= Poetic Prism 2018 [International Multilingual Poetry Anthology]|volume=|issu=|page=|publisher=The Cultural Center of Vijayawada and Amarawati|editor=Padmaja Iyengar|location= Andra Pradesh, India |date=October 2018|url =|issn= |doi=|mr=|zbl=}}</ref> |- | [[ईश्वरबल्लभ|ईश्वरवल्लभ]] || नेपाली || उज्यालोको गुफा || Luminious Cave || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | [[ईश्वरबल्लभ|ईश्वरवल्लभ]] || नेपाली || प्रस्थानको तरखर || Arrangements for Departure || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | अभि सुवेदी || नेपाली || शब्दको किनारैकिनार || Along the Bank of Word || <ref name="poeticprism1"/> |- | [[अभि सुवेदी]] || नेपाली || निचरेर सुकाएको आकाश || Sky, Wrenched and Streched to Dry || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | [[दिनेश अधिकारी]] || नेपाली || फनफनी जिन्दगी || Life Swrils Whrillingly || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | [[दिनेश अधिकारी]] || नेपाली || खबर || News || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | [[दिनेश अधिकारी]] || नेपाली || जङ्गलमा बर्सात्‌ || Rain in Jungle || <ref name="Nowhere HT"/> |- | [[:en:Upendra Subba|उपेन्द्र सुब्बा]] || नेपाली || बाटो || Path || <ref name="nepalikalas 1"/> |} ===[[हिन्दी]] अनुवाद=== {| class="wikitable" ! कवि !! मूल रचनाको शीर्षक !! मूल भाषा !! [[हिन्दी]] अनुवादको शीर्षक !! स्रोत |- | [[अभि सुवेदी]] || फुट्नै बाँकी छ || नेपाली || अभी खिलना बाँकी है || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[अभि सुवेदी]] || आजकल मलाई || नेपाली || आजकल मुझे || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[अभि सुवेदी]] || काठमान्डुको घाम || नेपाली || काठमान्डु की धूप || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[अभि सुवेदी]] || शब्दका किनारैकिनार || नेपाली || शब्दोँ के किनारे किनारे || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[ईश्वरबल्लभ|ईश्वरवल्लभ]] || धूँवाको जङ्गल || नेपाली || धूँवे का जंगल || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[कृष्णभूषण बल]] || मनको घाउ || नेपाली || दिल कि जख्म || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[गोपाल प्रसाद रिमाल|गोपालप्रसाद रिमाल]] || आमाको सपना || नेपाली || माँ का ख्वाब || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[भूपि शेरचन|भूपी शेरचन]] || घुम्ने मेचमाथि अन्धो मान्छे || नेपाली || घूमनेवाली कुर्सी पे एक अन्धा || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा]] || यात्री || नेपाली || राही || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[हरिभक्त कटुवाल]] || यो जिन्दगी खै के जिन्दगी || नेपाली || ये जिन्दगी भी क्या जिन्दगी || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[हरिभक्त कटुवाल]] || रहर || नेपाली || लालसा || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |} ===उर्दु अनुवाद=== {| class="wikitable" ! कवि !! मूल रचनाको शीर्षक !! [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दू]] अनुवादको शीर्षक !! स्रोत |- | [[अभि सुवेदी]] || फुट्नै बाँकी छ || अभी खिलना बाकि है || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[कृष्णभूषण बल]] || मनको घाउ || दिल कि जख्म || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[गोपाल प्रसाद रिमाल|गोपालप्रसाद रिमाल]] || आमाको सपना || माँ का ख्वाब || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[भूपि शेरचन|भूपी शेरचन]] || घुम्ने मेचमाथि अन्धो मान्छे || घुमनेवाली कुर्सी पे एक अन्धा || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |- | [[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा]] || यात्री || मुसाफिर || <ref name="kavitakosh 1"/> |} ==सन्दर्भसामग्री== {{reflist|colwidth=25em}} {{ढाँचा:सुमन पोखरेलका कृतिहरू}} [[श्रेणी:सुमन पोखरेल]] [[श्रेणी:सुमन पोखरेलका कृतिहरू|रचनासूची]] [[श्रेणी:रचनासूची]] 6b7rdkrpaprjs859i8oqosb2ze4wiiq 0 103609 1367999 1278974 2026-07-30T17:37:30Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1367999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपाली अभिनेत्री}} {{Infobox person | name = सुरक्षा पन्त | image = File:Surakshya Panta.png | alt = | caption = २०७६ मा पन्त | birth_name = | birth_date = {{जन्म मिति र उमेर|1992|02|20}} | birth_place = [[बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका|बुटवल]], नेपाल | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | alma_mater = [[काठमाडौँ इन्जिनियरिङ कलेज]] (सन् २०१०–२०१४) | occupation = अभिनेत्री, इन्जिनियर | years_active = सन् २०१५–हाल | notable_works = ''[[आमा (वि.सं. २०७६ चलचित्र)|आमा]]'', ''[[धनपति]]'', ''[[अझै पनि]]'' | spouse = मानव सुवेदी<ref name=":099"/> }} '''सुरक्षा पन्त''' (जन्म: २०४८ फागुन ८) एक नेपाली अभिनेत्री, निर्देशक तथा निमात्री हुन्। उनले [[आलोक नेम्वाङ]]को सन् २०१५ को चलचित्र ''[[अझै पनि]]''मा सहायक भूमिकाबाट अभिनय यात्राको सुरुआत गरेकी थिइन्। पन्तले ''[[धनपति]]'' चलचित्रमा गरेको अभिनयबाट चर्चा पाएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=थापा |first=रश्मी |date=2022-06-19 |title=कान्समा सहभागी हुँदा आफ्नो पेशाप्रति गर्व लाग्यो : सुरक्षा पन्त |url=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2022/06/19/507085/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622165318/https://www.newsofnepal.com/2022/06/19/507085/ |archive-date=2022-06-22 |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=News of Nepal |language=ne}}</ref> उनले नेपाली चलचित्रहरू ''[[गोपी (२०१९ को चलचित्र)|गोपी]]'' र ''[[आमा (वि.सं. २०७६ चलचित्र)|आमा]]'' लगायतमा अभिनय गरिसकेकी छन्। == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == सुरक्षा पन्तको जन्म नेपालको [[बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका|बुटवल]]मा भएको हो। उनी पूर्व सांसदकी नातिनी हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=अधिकारी |first=अनुषा |date=2020-05-24 |title=सुरक्षा पन्त भन्छिन्ः म एक्लै छु भनेर आमा पिर गर्नुहुन्छ, दिनकै फोन आउँछ |url=https://www.setopati.com/art/art-activity/207045/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128160307/https://www.setopati.com/art/art-activity/207045 |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=Setopati |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=पौड्याल |first=अजवी |date=2019-06-12 |title='आफ्नो नियम आफैं बनाउनुपर्छ' |url=https://annapurnapost.com/news/129532 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128160605/https://annapurnapost.com/news/129532 |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट]] |language=ne}}</ref> पन्तले मार्च २०२३ (वि.सं. फागुन २०७९) मा नेपाली चलचित्र निर्देशक तथा सङ्गीत उत्पादक मानव सुवेदीसँग विवाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":099">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-09 |title=Surakshya Panta, Manav Subedi ties knot in Sauraha |url=https://english.makalukhabar.com/2023/03/103710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311133527/https://english.makalukhabar.com/2023/03/103710/ |archive-date=2023-03-11 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=MakaluKhabar |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-03-08 |title=Manav Subedi Biography, Wiki, Age, Date of Birth, Net Worth |url=https://www.rightrasta.com/manav-subedi-biography/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Right Rasta |language=en-US}}</ref> == जीवनी == उनले [[कान्तिपुर टेलिभिजन]], [[सगरमाथा टेलिभिजन]] र [[न्यूज २४ (नेपाल)|न्यूज २४]] जस्ता राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजन च्यानलहरूमा सञ्चारकर्मी तथा भिडियो जोकी (भिजो) का रूपमा मनोरञ्जन क्षेत्रमा आफ्नो खेल/अभिनय जीवनको सुरुवात गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surakshya Panta – ArtistNepal |url=https://artistnepal.com/artist/surakshyapanta/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=artistnepal.com}}</ref> उनले सन् २०१५ को चलचित्र ''[[अझै पनि]]''बाट चलचित्र क्षेत्रमा पर्दापण गरेकी थिइन्। पन्त [[कान्स चलचित्र महोत्सव]] (सन् २०२२) को रेड कार्पेटमा हिँड्ने पहिलो नेपाली चलचित्र अभिनेत्री हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=Surakshya Panta becomes the first Nepali to walk on the Cannes Film Festival red carpet - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/surakshya-panta-cannes-film-festival.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |language=en}}</ref> उनले [[फेलिक्स भान ग्रोएनिङ्गेन]] र [[शार्लट भान्डरमिर्स]]द्वारा निर्देशित इटालीको चलचित्र ''[[द एइट माउन्टेन्स]]''बाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय चलचित्रमा पदार्पण गरेकी थिइन्। उक्त चलचित्रले कान्स चलचित्र महोत्सव २०२२ मा [[जुरी पुरस्कार (कान्स चलचित्र महोत्सव)|जुरी पुरस्कार]] जितेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Eight Mountains awarded Prix Du Jury at 75th Festival de Cannes {{!}} Fremantle |url=https://fremantle.com/fremantle-film-the-eight-mountains-awarded-prix-du-jury-prize-at-75th-festival-de-cannes/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=fremantle.com}}</ref> पन्तले नेपालमा ''क्लेश'' नाटकबाट रङ्गमञ्चमा पदार्पण गरेकी थिइन्, जुन भारतमा आयोजित सन् २०२२ को [[नेसनल स्कुल अफ ड्रामा]] अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नाटक महोत्सवका लागि चयन भएको थियो। उनले नेपाली कथानक चलचित्र ''आमा''का लागि राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार जितेकी थिइन्<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=National film Awards: 'Aama' wins big |url=https://en.thecinematimes.com/national-awards/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=THE CINEMA TIMES |language=en}}</ref> भने २०२० ब्लकबस्टर नेपाली फिल्म अवार्ड्समा 'वर्षको उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री' र २०१९ को [[नेफ्टा चलचित्र पुरस्कार]]मा 'उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री' पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-14 |title=नेफ्टामा 'छक्का पञ्जा ३' उत्कृष्ट फिल्म : विपिन र मेनुका उत्कृष्ट अभिनेता-अभिनेत्री, बाँकी अवार्ड कसलाई? |url=https://pahilopost.com/content/20210314110945.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314053440/https://pahilopost.com/content/20210314110945.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-03-14 |access-date=2023-07-20 }}</ref> उनले [[दीपेन्द्र के. खनाल]]को [[धनपति|''धनपति'']] मा मुख्य अभिनेता [[खगेन्द्र लामिछाने]]की पत्नीको मुख्य भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=20 July 2019 |title=I am attracted to creative script |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/i-am-attracted-to-creative-script |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531162919/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/i-am-attracted-to-creative-script |archive-date=2022-05-31 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=नागरिक |language=en}}</ref> प्रदर्शनमा आएसँगै यो चलचित्रले दुई दिनमै १ करोड नेपाली रुपैयाँ कमाउँदै [[नेपालमा सर्वाधिक कमाइ गरेका चलचित्रहरूको सूची|ब्लकबस्टर]] बनेको थियो। ''धनपति''मा उनको अभिनयले नेपाली दर्शक र समीक्षक दुवैबाट निकै सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया पाएको थियो। सन् २०१८ मा, उनी ''[[भैरे (२०१८ को चलचित्र)|भैरे]]'' मा देखा परेकी थिइन्, जुन [[दयाहाङ राई]], [[वर्षा सिवाकोटी]] र [[सुनील थापा]]बिचको पहिलो सहकार्य थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2018-07-20 |title=मै जस्तो भैरे |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/news/52575/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122044440/https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/news/52575/ |archive-date=22 January 2019 |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=नागरिक |language=ne}}</ref> चलचित्रमा उनले दयाहाङ राईको प्रेमिकाको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेकी थिइन्। ''भैरे''पछि, उनले [[नरेश कुमार केसी]]सँग ''[[रोमियो एन्ड मुना]] (सन् २०१८)'' मा सहकार्य गरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनले प्रिया नामकी नर्सको भूमिका निर्वाह गरिन्। चलचित्रमा उनी [[सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ]] र [[विनय श्रेष्ठ]]सँगै सहायक भूमिकामा देखा परेकी थिइन्। पछि सन् २०१८ मा, उनले ''चङ्गा चेट''मा मनिषाको मुख्य भूमिका निर्वाह गरेकी थिइन्। चलचित्रमा उनको अभिनयले प्राय: सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया पाएको थियो। सन् २०१९ मा, पन्त [[विपिन कार्की]]सँग ''[[गोपी (२०१९ को चलचित्र)|गोपी]] (२०१९)'' मा देखा परेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनले गोपीको प्रेमिकाको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aryal |first=Timothy |date=2019-02-02 |title=With a uniquely fascinating premise, Gopi is a no-frills homegrown production that warrants a watch |url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2019/02/02/with-a-uniquely-fascinating-premise-gopi-is-a-no-frills-homegrown-production-that-warrants-a-watch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126091528/https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2019/02/02/with-a-uniquely-fascinating-premise-gopi-is-a-no-frills-homegrown-production-that-warrants-a-watch |archive-date=2021-11-26 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2018-05-03 |title=Gopi, another Dipendra Lama movie |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/41010/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128160813/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/gopi-another-dipendra-lama-movie |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=नागरिक}}</ref> यो चलचित्रले सन् २०१९ मा "सर्वोत्कृष्ट चलचित्र" को राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Citation |title=Gopi (2019) - Awards - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9333076/awards/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> सन् २०२२ मा, उनी ''के घर के डेरा'' चलचित्रमा अभिनय गरेकी थिइन्। सन् २०२३ मा, उनले ''बहाव''मा सन्ध्या रेग्मीको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेकी थिइन्। पछि सन् २०२३ मा, उनले ''बुलाकी''मा पनि अभिनय गरेकी थिइन्। === अभिनित चलचित्रहरू === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" | वर्ष (सन्) ! scope="col" | नाम ! scope="col" | भूमिका ! scope="col" | टिप्पणीहरू ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ(हरू)}} |- |२०१५ ! scope="row" |''[[अझै पनि]]'' |शैली |पहिलो चलचित्र | |- | |<ref>{{Citation |title=Suskera |url=https://www.lensnepal.com/movie/suskera.html |access-date=2023-07-25}}</ref> |- |२०१७ ! scope="row" |''[[धनपति]]'' |धनपतिकी पत्नी | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahat |first=Sunny |date=2021-08-24 |title=Dhanapati: A must watch Nepali film on YouTube |url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/movie-review-dhanapati-a-must-watch-nepali-film-on-youtube-3530 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824135307/https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/movie-review-dhanapati-a-must-watch-nepali-film-on-youtube-3530 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[द अन्नपूर्ण एक्सप्रेस]] |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |२०१८ ! scope="row" |''भैरे'' | | | |- |''[[रोमियो एन्ड मुना]]'' |प्रिया | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=गौतम |first=गोकर्ण |date=2018-07-27 |title=औसत माथिको लभ स्टोरी [फिल्म समीक्षा : रोमियो एन्ड मुना] |url=https://nepalmag.com.np/art/2018/07/27/20180727200450 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528023639/https://nepalmag.com.np/art/2018/07/27/20180727200450 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[नेपाल (पत्रिका)|नेपाल म्यागजिन]] |language=ne}}</ref> |- |''चङ्गा चेट'' |मनिषा | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pyakurel |first=Diwakar |date=2018-11-04 |title=Changa Chet movie review: Interesting story in clichéd style equals 'masala film' |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/changa-chet-movie-review-interesting-story-in-cliched-style-equals-masala-film.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128035256/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/changa-chet-movie-review-interesting-story-in-cliched-style-equals-masala-film.html |archive-date=2023-01-28 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[अनलाइन खबर]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |२०१९ ! scope="row" |''[[गोपी (चिलचित्र)|गोपी]]'' |सुजाता | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-03 |title=Khagendra and Surakshya in Gopi |url=https://kathmandupost.com/art-entertainment/2018/05/03/khagendra-and-surakshya-in-gopi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128161801/https://kathmandupost.com/art-entertainment/2018/05/03/khagendra-and-surakshya-in-gopi |archive-date=2021-11-28 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट]] |language=English}}</ref> |- |''पोइ पर्यो काले'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Abhimanyu |date=2019-11-02 |title=Beauty might not be superficial but this film is |url=http://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/11/02/beauty-might-not-be-superficial-but-this-film-is |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812002626/https://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/11/02/beauty-might-not-be-superficial-but-this-film-is |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट|language=English}}</ref> |- |''घर'' |सरु | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahat |first=Sunny |date=2019-07-23 |title=House of many horrors |url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/house-of-many-horrors-1763 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128155933/https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/house-of-many-horrors-1763 |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[द अन्नपूर्ण एक्सप्रेस]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Abhimanyu |date=2019-07-27 |title=Arpan Thapa's Ghar is a horrific cliché |url=https://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/07/27/arpan-thapa-s-ghar-is-a-horrific-clich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205175613/https://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2019/07/27/arpan-thapa-s-ghar-is-a-horrific-clich |archive-date=2021-12-05 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट]] |language=English}}</ref> |- |''[[आमा (वि.सं. २०७६ चलचित्र)|आमा]]'' |आरती | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-07 |title=This Women's Day, watch these 8 Nepali movies that empower women |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/this-womens-day-watch-these-8-nepali-movies-that-empower-women.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128155903/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/this-womens-day-watch-these-8-nepali-movies-that-empower-women.html |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[अनलाइन खबर]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahat |first=Sunny |date=2020-02-25 |title=And ode to mothers, and daughters |url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/and-ode-to-mothers-and-daughters-2265 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521133629/https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/and-ode-to-mothers-and-daughters-2265 |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=2021-11-28 |website=[[द अन्नपूर्ण एक्सप्रेस]] |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |२०२२ ! scope="row" |''[[द एइट माउन्टेन्स]]'' |अस्मी |इटालीको चलचित्र |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |date=2022-05-18 |title='The Eight Mountains' ('Le Otto Montagne'): Film Review {{!}} Cannes 2022 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-eight-mountains-cannes-2022-1235149413/ |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=[[द हलिउड रिपोर्टर]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''के घर के डेरा'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Shooting of Ke Ghar Ke Dera concludes |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/13271 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320223322/https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/13271 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[द राइजिङ नेपाल]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |२०२३ !scope="row" | ''बहाव'' |सन्ध्या रेग्मी | | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhusal |first=Pallav |date=2023-03-01 |title=Bahaab: Story of a girl's struggle |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/23333 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=[[द राइजिङ नेपाल]]}}</ref> |- !scope="row" | ''बुलाकी'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुरक्षा पन्तको 'बुलाकी' ट्रेलर : कर्णालीकी निःसन्तान महिलाको कथा |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2023/03/1284972 |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=[[अनलाइन खबर]] |language=ne}}</ref> |} == पुरस्कार तथा मनोनयनहरू == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !वर्ष (सन्) !पुरस्कार !विधा !मनोनित कार्य !नतिजा ! class="unsortable" |{{abbr|सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ(हरू)}} |- |२०१९ ! scope="row" |[[नेफ्टा चलचित्र पुरस्कार]] |उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री |''[[गोपी (चलचित्र)|गोपी]]'' |{{won|विजयी}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-14 |title=नेफ्टामा 'छक्का पञ्जा ३' उत्कृष्ट फिल्म : विपिन र मेनुका उत्कृष्ट अभिनेता-अभिनेत्री, बाँकी अवार्ड कसलाई? |url=https://pahilopost.com/content/20210314110945.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314053440/https://pahilopost.com/content/20210314110945.html |archive-date=14 March 2021 |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=पहिलोपोस्ट |language=ne}}</ref> |- |२०२० ! scope="row" |[[राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार]] |उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री |''[[आमा (वि.सं. २०७६ चलचित्र)|आमा]]'' |{{won|विजयी}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Surakshya Panta Biography: The first Nepali Actress at Cannes Film Festival Red Carpet |url=https://www.trendingnetnepal.com/surakshya-panta-biography/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Trending Net Nepal}}</ref> |- |२०२६ ! scope="row" |[[नेपाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र महोत्सव]] |उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री |''कोसेढुङ्गा'' |{{won|विजयी}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NIFF2026">{{cite news |last1=OnlineKhabar |title=NIFF 2026: 'Pooja, Sir' and 'Gunyu Cholo' win big |url=https://kathmandupost.com/art-culture/2026/04/07/pooja-sir-and-gunyu-cholo-win-big |publisher=द काठमाडौँ पोस्ट |access-date=2026-04-08 |date=April 7, 2026}}</ref> |} == सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{IMDb name|id=nm8975055}} [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६ मा बनाइएका तथा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बुटवलका मानिसहरू]] 7sn826jfu3y4fvz5c6j3z1nttvonhjy 0 104637 1368005 1332933 2026-07-30T21:49:38Z Mrmw 33477 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Autograph-VolodymyrZelensky.png]] → [[File:Autograph-VolodymyrZelensky.svg]] 1368005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = भोलोदिमिर जेलेन्सकी | image = Do everything you can for us to withstand together in this war for our freedom and independence - address by President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy. (51977034742) (cropped).jpg | office = [[युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[Volodymyr Groysman]] | term_start = २० मे २०१९<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48330955|title=Volodymyr Zelensky: Comedian-president calls snap election|date=May 20, 2019|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> | term_end = | predecessor = [[पेट्रो पोरोसेन्को]] | successor = | caption = २०२२ मा जेलेन्स्की | birth_name = भोलोडिमिर ओलेक्जान्ड्रोभिच जेलेन्स्की | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|1|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kryvyi Rih]], [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]], [[सोभियत सङ्घ]] | death_date = | death_place = | education = [[Kyiv National Economic University]] ([[Kryvyi Rih Institute of Economics|department in Kryvyi Rih]]) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Olena Zelenska|Olena Kiyashko]]|2003}} | children = २ | blank1 = चिनारीको कारण | data1 = ''[[Svaty]]''<br />''[[सर्भेन्ट अफ द पिपल]]''<br />''[[Office Romance. Our Time]]''<br />''[[Love in the Big City]]''<br />''[[Rzhevsky Versus Napoleon]]'' | party = [[सर्भेन्ट अफ द पिपल]]<ref name="ЦВК">{{cite web|url=https://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vp2019/wp003pt001f01=720.html|title=Кандидати на пост Президента України|date=May 21, 2019|work=[[Central Election Commission (Ukraine)|Central Election Commission]]}}</ref> | signature = Autograph-VolodymyrZelensky.svg | native_name = {{Nobold|Володимир Зеленський}} | native_name_lang = uk }} '''भोलोदिमिर जेलेन्सकी''' ({{lang-uk|Володимир Олександрович Зеленський}}, {{IPA-uk|woloˈdɪmɪr olekˈsɑndrowɪtʃ zeˈlɛnʲsʲkɪj|pron}}; {{lang-ru|Владимир Александрович Зеленский}} – ''Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskiy''; जन्म २५ जनवरी १९७८) एक युक्रेनी राजनीतिज्ञ, पटकथा लेखक, अभिनेता, हास्य अभिनेता र निर्देशक हुन् जो सन् २०१९ को युक्रेनी राष्ट्रपति चुनाव पश्चात [[युक्रेन]]को राष्ट्रपति निर्वाचित भएका थिए। आफ्नो राजनीतिक वृतिभन्दा पहिले, उनले कानुनको डिग्री हासिल गरेका थिए र एक प्रोडक्सन कम्पनी, केवर्टल ९५ बनाए, जुन चलचित्र, कार्टुन र टिभी कमेडी शो बनाउने गर्थ्यो। केवर्टल ले टेलीभिजन शृङ्खला सर्भेन्ट अफ द पिपल बनाए, जसमा जेलेन्सकीले यूक्रेनको राष्ट्रपतिको भूमिका निभाएका थिए। यो शृङ्खला २०१५ देखी  २०१९ सम्म प्रसारित गारियो। यसै नामको एक राजनीतिक पार्टी मार्च २०१८ मा  कवर्टल ९५ का कर्मचारिहरूद्वारा बनाइयो। जेलेन्सकीले ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ को संध्यामा , १+१ टिभी च्यानल मा आफ्नो  राष्ट्रपति उमेडिभीआरी को घोषणा गरे। जेलेन्सकीको राष्ट्रपति उमेडिभीआरी घोषणा भन्दा  छ महिना पहिले नै उनी चुनावको जनमत सर्वेक्षणहरूमा सबसे अगाडि थिए। जेलेन्सकीले  २०१९ यूक्रेनी राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ७३ .२२% मत हासिल गरेर राष्ट्रपतिको चुनावमा जित हासिल गरे र यूक्रेनको तत्कालीन राष्ट्रपति पेट्रो पोरोशेन्कोलाई पराजित गरे।   ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:युक्रेनका राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] bjj27chdz2h1w38ygkrkqoce7fh5ih7 0 107448 1368027 1317179 2026-07-31T05:57:53Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* विवाद */ 1368027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox shopping mall | name = विशाल बजार | native_name = विशाल बजार | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_width = | image = | image_width = | caption = | location = | coordinates = | address = शुक्रपथ, [[काठमाडौँ]], नेपाल | opening_date = वि स‌ं २०२६ | closing_date = | developer = [[नेपाल सरकार]] | manager = | owner = विशाल बजार कम्पनी लिमिटेड | architect = | number_of_stores = | number_of_anchors = | floor_area = | floors = | parking = | publictransit = | website = http://www.bishalbazar.com.np/ | footnotes = | embedded = }} '''विशाल बजार''' [[काठमाडौँ]]को शुक्रपथमा अवस्थित [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो आधुनिक सपिङ कम्प्लेक्स हो। नेपालमा सुपरमार्केट संस्कृति विशाल बजार खुलेपछि सुरु भएको मानिन्छ। लिफ्टसहितको आधुनिक सङ्गठित बजार खुलेपछि काठमाडौँका मध्यम तथा उच्च वर्गका उपभोक्ताको ध्यान विशाल बजारले तानेको थियो।<ref>http://annapurnapost.com/news/89990</ref><ref>https://archive.karobardaily.com/news/23808 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102044810/https://archive.karobardaily.com/news/23808 |date=2019-11-02 }}</ref><ref>https://narimag.com.np/news/2014-09-17/2040.html</ref> == इतिहास == === जनसेवा सिनेमा हल === राजा त्रिभुवनको अग्रसरतामा २००६ सालमा नयाँ सडकमा जनसेवा सिनेमा हल खुलेको थियो। नेपालको पहिलो सिनेमा हल जनसेवा २०१८ सालमा आगलागीबाट ध्वस्त भयो। उक्त हल तत्कालीन आगलागी भएर हल बन्द भएको आठ वर्षपछि यही ठाउँमा नेपालको पहिलो ‘सुपर मार्केट’ विशालबजार बनाइयो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ukaalo.com/news/20240924-shopping-mall-in-kathmandu/20523|title=काठमाडौँका सपिङ मलः के कारण बन्दैछन् ‘गोस्ट मल’|last=त्रिपाठी|first=रितेश|date=२०८१ असोज ९|work=उकालो}}</ref> [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]ले विदेश जाँदा ठूला डिपार्टमेन्टल स्टोर देखेपछि २०२६ सालमा नेपालमा पनि एउटा सुसङ्गठित बजार स्थापना गर्ने इच्छा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003063539.html</ref><ref>https://merolagani.com/NewsDetail.aspx?newsID=28456</ref> त्यतिबेला यसमा सबै लगानी गर्ने हैसियत र तत्परता निजी क्षेत्रको नभएकाले केही [[सरकारी संस्थान]]हरूलाई पनि लगानी गर्न लगाइएको थियो। २०२६ साउन १४ मा वाणिज्य विभागमा र सोही वर्ष साउन २७ मा उद्योग विभागमा कम्पनी ऐन, २०२१ बमोजिम यो संस्था दर्ता भएको थियो। सुरुमा अञ्चलाधीश नै [[सञ्चालक समिति]]का [[अध्यक्ष]] वा सञ्चालक हुने गरेका थिए।<ref>https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003063539.html</ref> === संस्थापकहरु र लगानीको कबुल=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! नाम ! रकम |- | [[नेपाल खाद्य संस्थान]] | रु. १५ लाख |- | जुद्धबहादुर श्रेष्ठ | रु. ५० हजार |- | गोपाल राजभण्डारी | रु. ५० हजार |- | इन्द्रमणि राजभण्डारी | रु. ५० हजार |- | रतिराम अग्रवाल | रु. ५० हजार |- | हुलासचन्द्र गोच्छा | रु. ५० हजार |- | भक्तिदास श्रेष्ठ | रु. ५० हजार |- | मणिहर्ष ज्योति | रु. ५० हजार |- | कृष्णप्रसाद घिमिरे | रु. ५० हजार |- | ध्रुवशमशेर जबरा | रु. ३ लाख ५० हजार |- | विहारीलाल खेतान | रु. २ लाख |- |} यीमध्ये विहारीलाल खेतानले प्रतिबद्धता गरेको रकम लगानी नगरेपछि संस्थापकबाट नाम हटाइएको थियो। गोपाल राजभण्डारीले ५० हजार कबुल गरे पनि ३० हजार मात्र जम्मा गरेकाले त्यति नै सेयर कायम भएको थियो। कम्पनी स्थापना गर्दा अधिकृत पुँजी १ करोड रहेको थियो। संस्थापकहरूले कबुल गरेको २४ लाख ५० हजार रहेको थियो। तर, त्यसमध्ये २२ लाख ३० हजार मात्र सङ्कलन भएको थियो। == विवाद == विशाल बजार स्थापनाको सुरुदेखि नै जग्गा सम्बन्धी विवाद हुँदै आएको थियो। विधिवत् कम्पनी दर्तापछि तत्कालीन उद्योग बाणिज्य मन्त्रालयबाट २०२६ वैशाख १९ गते नेपाल राजपत्र र गोरखापत्रमा सूचना प्रकाशित गरी बजार स्थापनाका लागि १२ रोपनी १३ आना १ पैसा जग्गा अधिग्रहण भएको थियो। एक स्थानीय जग्गाधनी रथी ध्रुवशमशेर (जो राजदरबारका प्रभावशाली कर्मचारी पनि थिए) ले जग्गा प्राप्ति ऐन, २०१८ अनुसार गरिएको अधिग्रहणमा चित्त नबुझाएर राजामा बिन्तीपत्र चढाएका थिए। उनको ४ रोपनी जग्गा र सो जग्गामा बनेको तीन नाले घरसमेत श्री ५ महाराजबाट [[हुकुम प्रमाङ्गी]]का आधारमा चलनचल्तीको मोल भन्दै २०२६ असार २० गते रु. १८ लाखमा खरिद गरिएको थियो। बाँकी ८ रोपनी १३ आना १ पैसा जमिनको प्रतिरोपनी २० हजारका दरले रु १,७५,३१२।५० मुआब्जा वितरण गरिएको थियो।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/7518/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101185423/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/7518/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref> २०४२ साउन ३० को फिल्डबुक उतार अनुसार विशालबजार कम्पनीको जमिन १२ रोपनी ४ आना कायम भएको थियो। यसमध्येको केही भागमा पहिला जनसेवा सिनेमा हल रहेको थियो, जुन नेपालको निजी क्षेत्रको पहिलो सिनेमा हल हो। यस क्षेत्रमा रहेको ८ रोपनी ४ आना जग्गाको मुआब्जा र अरु कुनै प्रकारको लाभ वा मुनाफा सरकारले नपाएको भन्दै [[अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग, नेपाल|अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग]]देखि गृह मन्त्रालयसम्मले दावी गर्दै आएका छन्। ती निकायको दावीअनुसारै सर्वोच्च अदालतले मुआब्जावापत जग्गाको मूल्याङ्कन गरी सरकारका नाममा सेयर कायम गर्न २०६७ भदौ १४ गते नै आदेश दिए पनि त्यो फैसला कार्यान्वयन हुन सकेको छैन।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/3532/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101184105/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/3532/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref><ref>https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/10/629671</ref> यस संस्थाको सुशासन निकै कमजोर रहेको कुरा धेरैपटक सार्वजनिक भएका घटना तथा मुद्दाहरूबाट देखिएको छ।<ref>https://lokaantar.com/news/24378</ref> लामो समय कम्पनीको सञ्चालक तथा सञ्चालक समितिका अध्यक्ष रहेका रवीन्द्रलाल श्रेष्ठविरुद्ध अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगले दायर गरेको एउटा भ्रष्टाचार मुद्दा सर्वोच्च अदालतले फैसला गरी रवीन्द्रलाललाई दोषी ठहर गरिसकेको छ भने अरु केही मुद्दा विभिन्न अदालतमा विचाराधीन अवस्थामा रहेका छन्।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8759/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101183919/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8759/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref><ref>https://ekantipur.com/national/2018/01/20/20180120074317.html</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} tqaqagns9q6s9z1nd1pdd166qf0vz6i 1368029 1368027 2026-07-31T06:18:54Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox shopping mall | name = विशाल बजार | native_name = विशाल बजार | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_width = | image = | image_width = | caption = | location = | coordinates = | address = शुक्रपथ, [[काठमाडौँ]], नेपाल | opening_date = वि स‌ं २०२६ | closing_date = | developer = [[नेपाल सरकार]] | manager = | owner = विशाल बजार कम्पनी लिमिटेड | architect = | number_of_stores = | number_of_anchors = | floor_area = | floors = | parking = | publictransit = | website = http://www.bishalbazar.com.np/ | footnotes = | embedded = }} '''विशाल बजार''' [[काठमाडौँ]]को शुक्रपथमा अवस्थित [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो आधुनिक सपिङ कम्प्लेक्स हो। नेपालमा सुपरमार्केट संस्कृति विशाल बजार खुलेपछि सुरु भएको मानिन्छ। लिफ्टसहितको आधुनिक सङ्गठित बजार खुलेपछि काठमाडौँका मध्यम तथा उच्च वर्गका उपभोक्ताको ध्यान विशाल बजारले तानेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=माघ २०, २०७४ |title=फेरिँदै किनमेल शैली |url=http://annapurnapost.com/news/89990 |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Annapurna Post |language=np}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.karobardaily.com/news/23808|title=उस्तै गुलजार छ न्युरोड -|work=Karobar National Economic Daily|access-date=2026-07-31|language=np}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=भण्डारी थापा |first=लक्ष्मी |date=आश्विन १, २०७१ |title=सपनाको दुनियाँ सपिङ मल |url=https://narimag.com.np/miscellaneous/2014/09/17/2040.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=narimag.com.np |language=np}}</ref> == इतिहास == === जनसेवा सिनेमा हल === राजा त्रिभुवनको अग्रसरतामा २००६ सालमा नयाँ सडकमा जनसेवा सिनेमा हल खुलेको थियो। नेपालको पहिलो सिनेमा हल जनसेवा २०१८ सालमा आगलागीबाट ध्वस्त भयो। उक्त हल तत्कालीन आगलागी भएर हल बन्द भएको आठ वर्षपछि यही ठाउँमा नेपालको पहिलो ‘सुपर मार्केट’ विशालबजार बनाइयो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ukaalo.com/news/20240924-shopping-mall-in-kathmandu/20523|title=काठमाडौँका सपिङ मलः के कारण बन्दैछन् ‘गोस्ट मल’|last=त्रिपाठी|first=रितेश|date=२०८१ असोज ९|work=उकालो}}</ref> [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]ले विदेश जाँदा ठूला डिपार्टमेन्टल स्टोर देखेपछि २०२६ सालमा नेपालमा पनि एउटा सुसङ्गठित बजार स्थापना गर्ने इच्छा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=विशाल बजारको सटर भाडामा भ्रष्टाचार - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003063539.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=थापा |first=सुरेन्द्र |date=Sep 27, 2016 |title=कहाँ गयो शेयर बजारको विशाल बजार कम्पनी ? |url=https://merolagani.com/merolagani.com/NewsDetail.aspx?newsID=28456 |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=merolagani.com |language=en}}</ref> त्यतिबेला यसमा सबै लगानी गर्ने हैसियत र तत्परता निजी क्षेत्रको नभएकाले केही [[सरकारी संस्थान]]हरूलाई पनि लगानी गर्न लगाइएको थियो। २०२६ साउन १४ मा वाणिज्य विभागमा र सोही वर्ष साउन २७ मा उद्योग विभागमा कम्पनी ऐन, २०२१ बमोजिम यो संस्था दर्ता भएको थियो। सुरुमा अञ्चलाधीश नै [[सञ्चालक समिति]]का [[अध्यक्ष]] वा सञ्चालक हुने गरेका थिए।<ref>https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003063539.html</ref> === संस्थापकहरु र लगानीको कबुल=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! नाम ! रकम |- | [[नेपाल खाद्य संस्थान]] | रु. १५ लाख |- | जुद्धबहादुर श्रेष्ठ | रु. ५० हजार |- | गोपाल राजभण्डारी | रु. ५० हजार |- | इन्द्रमणि राजभण्डारी | रु. ५० हजार |- | रतिराम अग्रवाल | रु. ५० हजार |- | हुलासचन्द्र गोच्छा | रु. ५० हजार |- | भक्तिदास श्रेष्ठ | रु. ५० हजार |- | मणिहर्ष ज्योति | रु. ५० हजार |- | कृष्णप्रसाद घिमिरे | रु. ५० हजार |- | ध्रुवशमशेर जबरा | रु. ३ लाख ५० हजार |- | विहारीलाल खेतान | रु. २ लाख |- |} यीमध्ये विहारीलाल खेतानले प्रतिबद्धता गरेको रकम लगानी नगरेपछि संस्थापकबाट नाम हटाइएको थियो। गोपाल राजभण्डारीले ५० हजार कबुल गरे पनि ३० हजार मात्र जम्मा गरेकाले त्यति नै सेयर कायम भएको थियो। कम्पनी स्थापना गर्दा अधिकृत पुँजी १ करोड रहेको थियो। संस्थापकहरूले कबुल गरेको २४ लाख ५० हजार रहेको थियो। तर, त्यसमध्ये २२ लाख ३० हजार मात्र सङ्कलन भएको थियो। == विवाद == विशाल बजार स्थापनाको सुरुदेखि नै जग्गा सम्बन्धी विवाद हुँदै आएको थियो। विधिवत् कम्पनी दर्तापछि तत्कालीन उद्योग बाणिज्य मन्त्रालयबाट २०२६ वैशाख १९ गते नेपाल राजपत्र र गोरखापत्रमा सूचना प्रकाशित गरी बजार स्थापनाका लागि १२ रोपनी १३ आना १ पैसा जग्गा अधिग्रहण भएको थियो। एक स्थानीय जग्गाधनी रथी ध्रुवशमशेर (जो राजदरबारका प्रभावशाली कर्मचारी पनि थिए) ले जग्गा प्राप्ति ऐन, २०१८ अनुसार गरिएको अधिग्रहणमा चित्त नबुझाएर राजामा बिन्तीपत्र चढाएका थिए। उनको ४ रोपनी जग्गा र सो जग्गामा बनेको तीन नाले घरसमेत श्री ५ महाराजबाट [[हुकुम प्रमाङ्गी]]का आधारमा चलनचल्तीको मोल भन्दै २०२६ असार २० गते रु. १८ लाखमा खरिद गरिएको थियो। बाँकी ८ रोपनी १३ आना १ पैसा जमिनको प्रतिरोपनी २० हजारका दरले रु १,७५,३१२।५० मुआब्जा वितरण गरिएको थियो।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/7518/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101185423/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/7518/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref> २०४२ साउन ३० को फिल्डबुक उतार अनुसार विशालबजार कम्पनीको जमिन १२ रोपनी ४ आना कायम भएको थियो। यसमध्येको केही भागमा पहिला जनसेवा सिनेमा हल रहेको थियो, जुन नेपालको निजी क्षेत्रको पहिलो सिनेमा हल हो। यस क्षेत्रमा रहेको ८ रोपनी ४ आना जग्गाको मुआब्जा र अरु कुनै प्रकारको लाभ वा मुनाफा सरकारले नपाएको भन्दै [[अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग, नेपाल|अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग]]देखि गृह मन्त्रालयसम्मले दावी गर्दै आएका छन्। ती निकायको दावीअनुसारै सर्वोच्च अदालतले मुआब्जावापत जग्गाको मूल्याङ्कन गरी सरकारका नाममा सेयर कायम गर्न २०६७ भदौ १४ गते नै आदेश दिए पनि त्यो फैसला कार्यान्वयन हुन सकेको छैन।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/3532/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101184105/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/3532/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref><ref>https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/10/629671</ref> यस संस्थाको सुशासन निकै कमजोर रहेको कुरा धेरैपटक सार्वजनिक भएका घटना तथा मुद्दाहरूबाट देखिएको छ।<ref>https://lokaantar.com/news/24378</ref> लामो समय कम्पनीको सञ्चालक तथा सञ्चालक समितिका अध्यक्ष रहेका रवीन्द्रलाल श्रेष्ठविरुद्ध अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगले दायर गरेको एउटा भ्रष्टाचार मुद्दा सर्वोच्च अदालतले फैसला गरी रवीन्द्रलाललाई दोषी ठहर गरिसकेको छ भने अरु केही मुद्दा विभिन्न अदालतमा विचाराधीन अवस्थामा रहेका छन्।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8759/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101183919/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8759/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref><ref>https://ekantipur.com/national/2018/01/20/20180120074317.html</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} o2mr541bk6mq6yhvip76otbnug7fugj 1368108 1368029 2026-07-31T08:45:30Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox shopping mall | name = विशाल बजार | native_name = विशाल बजार | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_width = | image = | image_width = | caption = | location = | coordinates = | address = शुक्रपथ, [[काठमाडौँ]], नेपाल | opening_date = वि स‌ं २०२६ | closing_date = | developer = [[नेपाल सरकार]] | manager = | owner = विशाल बजार कम्पनी लिमिटेड | architect = | number_of_stores = | number_of_anchors = | floor_area = | floors = | parking = | publictransit = | website = http://www.bishalbazar.com.np/ | footnotes = | embedded = }} '''विशाल बजार''' [[काठमाडौँ]]को शुक्रपथमा अवस्थित [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो आधुनिक सपिङ कम्प्लेक्स हो। नेपालमा सुपरमार्केट संस्कृति विशाल बजार खुलेपछि सुरु भएको मानिन्छ। लिफ्टसहितको आधुनिक सङ्गठित बजार खुलेपछि काठमाडौँका मध्यम तथा उच्च वर्गका उपभोक्ताको ध्यान विशाल बजारले तानेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=माघ २०, २०७४ |title=फेरिँदै किनमेल शैली |url=http://annapurnapost.com/news/89990 |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Annapurna Post |language=np}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.karobardaily.com/news/23808|title=उस्तै गुलजार छ न्युरोड -|work=Karobar National Economic Daily|access-date=2026-07-31|language=np}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102044810/https://archive.karobardaily.com/news/23808 |date=2019-11-02 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=भण्डारी थापा |first=लक्ष्मी |date=आश्विन १, २०७१ |title=सपनाको दुनियाँ सपिङ मल |url=https://narimag.com.np/miscellaneous/2014/09/17/2040.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=narimag.com.np |language=np}}</ref> == इतिहास == === जनसेवा सिनेमा हल === राजा त्रिभुवनको अग्रसरतामा २००६ सालमा नयाँ सडकमा जनसेवा सिनेमा हल खुलेको थियो। नेपालको पहिलो सिनेमा हल जनसेवा २०१८ सालमा आगलागीबाट ध्वस्त भयो। उक्त हल तत्कालीन आगलागी भएर हल बन्द भएको आठ वर्षपछि यही ठाउँमा नेपालको पहिलो ‘सुपर मार्केट’ विशालबजार बनाइयो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ukaalo.com/news/20240924-shopping-mall-in-kathmandu/20523|title=काठमाडौँका सपिङ मलः के कारण बन्दैछन् ‘गोस्ट मल’|last=त्रिपाठी|first=रितेश|date=२०८१ असोज ९|work=उकालो}}</ref> [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]ले विदेश जाँदा ठूला डिपार्टमेन्टल स्टोर देखेपछि २०२६ सालमा नेपालमा पनि एउटा सुसङ्गठित बजार स्थापना गर्ने इच्छा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=विशाल बजारको सटर भाडामा भ्रष्टाचार - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003063539.html |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=थापा |first=सुरेन्द्र |date=Sep 27, 2016 |title=कहाँ गयो शेयर बजारको विशाल बजार कम्पनी ? |url=https://merolagani.com/merolagani.com/NewsDetail.aspx?newsID=28456 |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=merolagani.com |language=en}}</ref> त्यतिबेला यसमा सबै लगानी गर्ने हैसियत र तत्परता निजी क्षेत्रको नभएकाले केही [[सरकारी संस्थान]]हरूलाई पनि लगानी गर्न लगाइएको थियो। २०२६ साउन १४ मा वाणिज्य विभागमा र सोही वर्ष साउन २७ मा उद्योग विभागमा कम्पनी ऐन, २०२१ बमोजिम यो संस्था दर्ता भएको थियो। सुरुमा अञ्चलाधीश नै [[सञ्चालक समिति]]का [[अध्यक्ष]] वा सञ्चालक हुने गरेका थिए।<ref>https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003063539.html</ref> === संस्थापकहरु र लगानीको कबुल=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! नाम ! रकम |- | [[नेपाल खाद्य संस्थान]] | रु. १५ लाख |- | जुद्धबहादुर श्रेष्ठ | रु. ५० हजार |- | गोपाल राजभण्डारी | रु. ५० हजार |- | इन्द्रमणि राजभण्डारी | रु. ५० हजार |- | रतिराम अग्रवाल | रु. ५० हजार |- | हुलासचन्द्र गोच्छा | रु. ५० हजार |- | भक्तिदास श्रेष्ठ | रु. ५० हजार |- | मणिहर्ष ज्योति | रु. ५० हजार |- | कृष्णप्रसाद घिमिरे | रु. ५० हजार |- | ध्रुवशमशेर जबरा | रु. ३ लाख ५० हजार |- | विहारीलाल खेतान | रु. २ लाख |- |} यीमध्ये विहारीलाल खेतानले प्रतिबद्धता गरेको रकम लगानी नगरेपछि संस्थापकबाट नाम हटाइएको थियो। गोपाल राजभण्डारीले ५० हजार कबुल गरे पनि ३० हजार मात्र जम्मा गरेकाले त्यति नै सेयर कायम भएको थियो। कम्पनी स्थापना गर्दा अधिकृत पुँजी १ करोड रहेको थियो। संस्थापकहरूले कबुल गरेको २४ लाख ५० हजार रहेको थियो। तर, त्यसमध्ये २२ लाख ३० हजार मात्र सङ्कलन भएको थियो। == विवाद == विशाल बजार स्थापनाको सुरुदेखि नै जग्गा सम्बन्धी विवाद हुँदै आएको थियो। विधिवत् कम्पनी दर्तापछि तत्कालीन उद्योग बाणिज्य मन्त्रालयबाट २०२६ वैशाख १९ गते नेपाल राजपत्र र गोरखापत्रमा सूचना प्रकाशित गरी बजार स्थापनाका लागि १२ रोपनी १३ आना १ पैसा जग्गा अधिग्रहण भएको थियो। एक स्थानीय जग्गाधनी रथी ध्रुवशमशेर (जो राजदरबारका प्रभावशाली कर्मचारी पनि थिए) ले जग्गा प्राप्ति ऐन, २०१८ अनुसार गरिएको अधिग्रहणमा चित्त नबुझाएर राजामा बिन्तीपत्र चढाएका थिए। उनको ४ रोपनी जग्गा र सो जग्गामा बनेको तीन नाले घरसमेत श्री ५ महाराजबाट [[हुकुम प्रमाङ्गी]]का आधारमा चलनचल्तीको मोल भन्दै २०२६ असार २० गते रु. १८ लाखमा खरिद गरिएको थियो। बाँकी ८ रोपनी १३ आना १ पैसा जमिनको प्रतिरोपनी २० हजारका दरले रु १,७५,३१२।५० मुआब्जा वितरण गरिएको थियो।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/7518/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101185423/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/7518/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref> २०४२ साउन ३० को फिल्डबुक उतार अनुसार विशालबजार कम्पनीको जमिन १२ रोपनी ४ आना कायम भएको थियो। यसमध्येको केही भागमा पहिला जनसेवा सिनेमा हल रहेको थियो, जुन नेपालको निजी क्षेत्रको पहिलो सिनेमा हल हो। यस क्षेत्रमा रहेको ८ रोपनी ४ आना जग्गाको मुआब्जा र अरु कुनै प्रकारको लाभ वा मुनाफा सरकारले नपाएको भन्दै [[अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग, नेपाल|अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग]]देखि गृह मन्त्रालयसम्मले दावी गर्दै आएका छन्। ती निकायको दावीअनुसारै सर्वोच्च अदालतले मुआब्जावापत जग्गाको मूल्याङ्कन गरी सरकारका नाममा सेयर कायम गर्न २०६७ भदौ १४ गते नै आदेश दिए पनि त्यो फैसला कार्यान्वयन हुन सकेको छैन।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/3532/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101184105/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/3532/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref><ref>https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/10/629671</ref> यस संस्थाको सुशासन निकै कमजोर रहेको कुरा धेरैपटक सार्वजनिक भएका घटना तथा मुद्दाहरूबाट देखिएको छ।<ref>https://lokaantar.com/news/24378</ref> लामो समय कम्पनीको सञ्चालक तथा सञ्चालक समितिका अध्यक्ष रहेका रवीन्द्रलाल श्रेष्ठविरुद्ध अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगले दायर गरेको एउटा भ्रष्टाचार मुद्दा सर्वोच्च अदालतले फैसला गरी रवीन्द्रलाललाई दोषी ठहर गरिसकेको छ भने अरु केही मुद्दा विभिन्न अदालतमा विचाराधीन अवस्थामा रहेका छन्।<ref>http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8759/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101183919/http://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8759/ |date=2019-11-01 }}</ref><ref>https://ekantipur.com/national/2018/01/20/20180120074317.html</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} 6lcbkdtkqvjkjcy63sirg6jwnbr5o3j 1 110967 1368055 771684 2026-07-31T08:01:32Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1368055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} यो लेख वा यसको केही भाग हिन्दी विकिपिडियाबाट अनुवाद गरिएको हो।--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' १२:४९, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) phfl54wh1h7tof7jwyzhv8hgx1jlq04 1 110968 1368053 771686 2026-07-31T07:54:35Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1368053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} यो लेख वा यसको केही भाग हिन्दी विकिपिडियाबाट अनुवाद गरिएको हो।--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' १३:०२, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) 8i5tvxz3e91kot0ypp1vqmv6qot9u0a 4 120717 1367977 1367024 2026-07-30T14:58:10Z ListeriaBot 52294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1367977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item (COUNT(distinct ?sitelink) as ?count) WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . ?item wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 . ?item wdt:P27 wd:Q837 . ?sitelink schema:about ?item . 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Article ! description ! व्यवसाय ! जन्म मिति ! देहान्त मिति ! तस्वीर ! item |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Shilshila Acharya]] | | [[उद्यमी]]<br/>[[environmental scientist]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 20th century | | [[चित्र:Shilshila acharya 2 cropped.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q131389521|Q131389521]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[भूमिका गिरी]] | एक नेपाली लोक गायिका हुन् | [[गायक]] | | | | [[:d:Q94413431|Q94413431]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[सपना रोका मगर]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-10 | | | [[:d:Q102271811|Q102271811]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[गीता शाही]] | नेपाली अभिनेत्री र मोडल | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-03 | | [[चित्र:Gita Shahi 2.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q37467229|Q37467229]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[दावा याङ्जुम शेर्पा]] | नेपाली पर्वतारोही सहयोगी | [[पर्वतारोही सहयोगी]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[चित्र:Dawa Yangzum Sherpa 1.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64406217|Q64406217]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[तेजश्री थापा]] | मानव अधिकारकर्मी, वकिल र खोजकर्ता | [[मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता]]<br/>[[अधिवक्ता]]<br/>[[लेखक]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-10 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-03-26 | | [[:d:Q62581438|Q62581438]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[शान्ति मिश्र]] | नेपाली लाइब्रेरियन तथा लेखक (१९३८–२०१९) | [[लेखक]]<br/>[[librarian]]<br/>[[अनुवादक]]<br/>[[lecturer]]<br/>[[historian]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-06-22 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-15 | [[चित्र:Shanti Mishra graduation.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q94508889|Q94508889]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[पेम्बा डोमा शेर्पा]] | नेपाली हिमाल आरोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-07 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-05-22 | [[चित्र:Pemba Doma Sherpa.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q4357604|Q4357604]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[मोतिलक्ष्मी उपासिका]] | | [[लेखक]]<br/>[[कवि]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-06-30 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[चित्र:Moti laxmi upasika.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q16013979|Q16013979]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[पासाङ ल्हामु शेर्पा अकिता]] | नेपाली महिला पर्वतारोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | | [[:d:Q27975671|Q27975671]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[सङ्गीता श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली महिला चलचित्र निर्देशक | [[चलचित्र निर्देशक]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-16 | | [[चित्र:Sangita Shrestha 02.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q56190200|Q56190200]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[उपासना सिंह ठकुरी]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-20 | | | [[:d:Q61778826|Q61778826]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[सङ्गीता मगर]] | नेपाली महिला अधिकारकर्मी | [[मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1990s | | | [[:d:Q63384810|Q63384810]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[सरस्वती चौधरी]] | नेपाली महिला एथलेटिक्स खेलाडी | [[sprinter]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-02-12 | | | [[:d:Q68973687|Q68973687]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[उषा शेरचन]] | | [[कवि]]<br/>[[lyricist]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-08-22 | | [[चित्र:Usha Sherchan1.JPG|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q110983836|Q110983836]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[केल्साङ चुकी तेथोङ]] | अभिनेत्री र चलचित्र निर्देशक | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[चलचित्र कलाकार]]<br/>[[गायक]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11 | | [[चित्र:CHUCKIE KESLANG TETHONG.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q3194932|Q3194932]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[अधिराजकुमारी प्रेरणा]] | नेपाली अधिराजकुमारी | [[शाही सदस्य]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-20 | | | [[:d:Q4202325|Q4202325]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[नाङ्सल तामाङ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-28 | | | [[:d:Q18175685|Q18175685]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Srijana Regmi]] | | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-28 | | | [[:d:Q23796629|Q23796629]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[करुणा भण्डारी]] | नेपाली राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलि को सदस्य | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-24 | | | [[:d:Q47089258|Q47089258]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[धनकुमारी बज्राचार्य]] | कुमारी | [[कुमारी (जीवित देवी)|कुमारी]] | | | | [[:d:Q68005618|Q68005618]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[सोनिया भट्ट]] | नेपाली जुडो खेलाडी | [[जुडोका]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-01-04 | | | [[:d:Q107456052|Q107456052]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[रेणु कुमारी यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-19 | | | [[:d:Q3425614|Q3425614]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[चन्द्रकला थापा]] | नेपाली खेलाडी | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-02 | | | [[:d:Q5071283|Q5071283]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[मिङ किपा]] | नेपाली हिमाल आरोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | | [[:d:Q6864647|Q6864647]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[नगमा श्रेष्ठ]] | मिस नेपाल प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-10 | | | [[:d:Q6958877|Q6958877]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Chandra Kumari Gurung]] | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | | [[:d:Q16166617|Q16166617]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[देवु थापा]] | ओलम्पिक जुडो खेलाडी | [[जुडोका]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-07 | | | [[:d:Q16215125|Q16215125]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Nimdoma Sherpa]] | | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | | [[:d:Q16762305|Q16762305]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[दिलमाया कार्की]] | नेपाली महिला खेलाडी | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-05<br/>1988-08-05 | | | [[:d:Q20895958|Q20895958]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[निशा रावल]] | नेपाली तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी | [[तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-11 | | [[चित्र:Olynisharawal.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q24678840|Q24678840]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Samita Bajracharya]] | | [[schoolchild]] | | | [[चित्र:Kumari.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q27990214|Q27990214]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Laxmi Kunwar]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-03-29 | | | [[:d:Q28718095|Q28718095]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[रोनाली अमात्य]] | नेपाली महिला मोडल | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-12-18 | | [[चित्र:Ronali Amatya.png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q51757185|Q51757185]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Khandro Lhamo]] | | [[चिकित्सक]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-03-30 | [[चित्र:Dilgo Khyentse Family.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q59877941|Q59877941]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[रवीना देसराज श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली बैंकर तथा पब्लिक फिगर | [[banker]]<br/>[[अभिनेता]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-27 | | | [[:d:Q62570956|Q62570956]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Bandana Nepal]] | | [[dancer]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | | [[:d:Q96059398|Q96059398]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Sonika Manandhar]] | | [[environmentalist]]<br/>[[programmer]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-17 | | [[चित्र:Sonika Manandhar UN Award Speech.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q104420892|Q104420892]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[बेलमाया नेपाली]] | | [[documentary filmmaker]] | | | | [[:d:Q109283523|Q109283523]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[रोशनी रसाइली]] | नेपाली गायीका | [[गायक]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-11-05 | | [[चित्र:Singer roshani rasaili.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q120496223|Q120496223]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[प्रेक्ष्या शाह]] | नेपाल शाह वंशीय सदस्य | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-01-19 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-11-12 | | [[:d:Q3910252|Q3910252]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[मोनी मुलेपती]] | नेपाली महिला पर्वतारोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | [[चित्र:41214461 everestlarga.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q6899850|Q6899850]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[सुष्मा जोशी]] | नेपाली लेखिका | [[लेखक]]<br/>[[director]]<br/>[[कलाकार]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-26 | | [[चित्र:Sushma Joshi.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q7648973|Q7648973]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[बिभाश्वरी राई]] | नेपाली महिला खेल सुटर | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-25 | | | [[:d:Q11854223|Q11854223]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[सोफिया शाह]] | पौडी खेलाडी | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-08-09 | | | [[:d:Q16239784|Q16239784]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[मणिकला राई]] | नेपाली अल्ट्राम्याराथन धावक | [[अल्ट्राम्याराथन धावक]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-27 | | [[चित्र:Manikala Rai.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q20127296|Q20127296]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Princess Shanti Singh of Nepal]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-20 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-01 | | [[:d:Q21009742|Q21009742]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Princess Jayanti of Nepal]] | | [[सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-08-04 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-01 | | [[:d:Q21009741|Q21009741]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Nilu Doma Sherpa]] | | [[चलचित्र निर्देशक]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-07-01 | [[चित्र:Nilu Doma Sherpa, Filmmaker, IVLP participant from Nepal (27700381796).png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q23769975|Q23769975]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[सोनी राजभण्डारी]] | मिस नेपाल २०१४ प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | | [[:d:Q23883481|Q23883481]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Raj Kumari Pandey]] | | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-13 | | | [[:d:Q29995877|Q29995877]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[प्रिया सिग्देल]] | सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-12-08 | | | [[:d:Q51756966|Q51756966]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[कञ्चन अमात्य]] | महिला मानव अधिकारकर्मी | [[social entrepreneur]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | | [[:d:Q53870564|Q53870564]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[प्रदिप्ता अधिकारी]] | नेपाली महिला सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-03 | | | [[:d:Q64009491|Q64009491]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Shova Kumari Lama]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-17 | | [[चित्र:Shova Kumari Lama (1) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64015981|Q64015981]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[करिमा बेगम]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-03-23 | | [[चित्र:Karima Begam (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64063158|Q64063158]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[रुबी कर्ण]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-06 | | [[चित्र:Rubi Karna (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64133042|Q64133042]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Prashna Shakya]] | | [[गायक]] | | | [[चित्र:Prashna Shakya.png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64746550|Q64746550]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[हसिमा खातुन]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Hasima Khatun (1).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q67911139|Q67911139]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[सृजना सुब्बा]] | नेपाली अभिनेत्री | [[अभिनेता]] | | | | [[:d:Q93439703|Q93439703]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[गिता राना]] | | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-10 | | | [[:d:Q106003615|Q106003615]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Sanu Siva]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | [[:d:Q107026786|Q107026786]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Manita Shrestha Pradhan]] | | [[जुडोका]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-06-01 | | | [[:d:Q127690896|Q127690896]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[सम्पदा घिमिरे]] | नेपाली सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विजेता | [[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[marketer]]<br/>[[climate activist]]<br/>[[योगिनी]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | | [[:d:Q130289252|Q130289252]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Luna Luitel]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-03 | | [[चित्र:Luna Luitel Miss Nepal World 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q136031827|Q136031827]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[जनक कुमारी चालिसे]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q6150649|Q6150649]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[देविका बन्दना]] | नेपाली गायिका | [[गायक]] | | | | [[:d:Q16197783|Q16197783]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[नयना शाक्य]] | ओलम्पिक पौडी खेलाडी | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-10 | | | [[:d:Q16222041|Q16222041]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[सम्पदा मल्ल]] | | [[चलचित्र निर्माता]]<br/>[[लेखक]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-02-19 | | | [[:d:Q16231931|Q16231931]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Supriya Maskey]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-06-17 | | | [[:d:Q16240366|Q16240366]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Lily Thapa]] | | [[अभियानी]] | | | | [[:d:Q16886068|Q16886068]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[प्रिन्सा श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली महिला मोडल | [[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-11 | | | [[:d:Q19661026|Q19661026]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[सीता कुमारी राई]] | नेपाली खेलाडी | [[तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-16 | | | [[:d:Q19830111|Q19830111]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Princess Princep Shah of Nepal]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-03-16 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-22 | | [[:d:Q21070386|Q21070386]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[सुशीला सिंह]] | | [[न्यायाधीश|न्यायधिश]] | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | | [[:d:Q21459157|Q21459157]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[बिनिता बराल]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-08 | | [[चित्र:Binita Baral actress.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q27924720|Q27924720]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[अञ्जुकुमारी बिष्ट]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | | | | [[:d:Q31314642|Q31314642]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[देवीमाया पनेरू]] | नेपाली महिला धावक | [[sprinter]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-08-25 | | | [[:d:Q32381507|Q32381507]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Tisa Shakya]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-02-04 | | | [[:d:Q33320546|Q33320546]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[कान्छीमाया कोजु]] | नेपाली एथलेटिक्स खेलाडी | [[खेलकुद विज्ञ]]<br/>[[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-03 | | | [[:d:Q42667977|Q42667977]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[पार्वती थापा]] | नेपाली महिला खेल सुटर | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | | [[:d:Q43120853|Q43120853]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[दुर्गा पौडेल]] | नेपालको संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-21 | | | [[:d:Q44783325|Q44783325]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[सुजाता परियार]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-02-15 | | | [[:d:Q44802020|Q44802020]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[सिता देवी यादव]] | संबिधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q45086943|Q45086943]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[सोभा आले]] | नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टिम | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-29 | | | [[:d:Q47087984|Q47087984]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[अनिता श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली खेल सुटर | [[खेलकुद विज्ञ]]<br/>[[खेल सुटर]] | | | | [[:d:Q48869417|Q48869417]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Nishma Gurung]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-11 | | | [[:d:Q48869749|Q48869749]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[रमा सिंह]] | नेपाली टेलिभिजन व्यक्तित्व र महिला फुटबल खेलाडी | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | | | [[चित्र:Rama Singh.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q51655395|Q51655395]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[शशिला महर्जन]] | नेपाली जीवरासायनिक शास्त्री | [[biochemist]]<br/>[[biotechnologist]] | | | | [[:d:Q51845108|Q51845108]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Anju Kumari]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-02-12 | | [[चित्र:Anju Kumari (1) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64015754|Q64015754]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[भीमा यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-06-29 | | [[चित्र:Bhima Yadav (1).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64039326|Q64039326]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[निलम देवी भुमिहारनी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-08 | | [[चित्र:Nilam Devi Bhumiharin (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64117314|Q64117314]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[शशिकला दाहाल]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-05-28 | | | [[:d:Q66486498|Q66486498]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[अनिता कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-08-13 | | | [[:d:Q67867869|Q67867869]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[असिया देवी थरुनी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-05-13 | | | [[:d:Q67868468|Q67868468]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[गीता कुमारी यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[चित्र:Gita Kumari Yadav.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q67871177|Q67871177]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[जगतारेण देवी सुडिन]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Jaktarain Devi Sah Sudin (2).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q67911690|Q67911690]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[मन्जु कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q67915651|Q67915651]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[मन्जु कुमारी यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-11 | | | [[:d:Q67915719|Q67915719]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Chandra Kala Lamgade]] | | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]]<br/>[[javelin thrower]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-09-10 | | | [[:d:Q80046291|Q80046291]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[रानी कुमारी तिवारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-26 | | | [[:d:Q105942772|Q105942772]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Surita Kumari Shah]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-03-03 | | | [[:d:Q105942922|Q105942922]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Gyani Maiya Sen-Kusunda]] | | [[किसान|कृषक]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-25 | [[चित्र:Gyani Maiya Sen Kusunda-"Gyani Maiya" (2019 documentary).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q106811256|Q106811256]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Sarita Neupane]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q107026755|Q107026755]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Chandra Kanta Devi Malla]] | | [[शिक्षक]]<br/>[[educator]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[:d:Q109332415|Q109332415]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Saru Limbu]] | | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-06 | | | [[:d:Q113040053|Q113040053]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Sabita Dangol]] | | [[कलाकार]]<br/>[[चित्रकार]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[चित्र:Sabita Dangol Contemporary Artist from Nepal WikiProfile.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q116250871|Q116250871]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Bidya Chamling Rai]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q117471294|Q117471294]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Indu Kadariya]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q123382520|Q123382520]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Sony Pakhrin]] | | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-11-02 | | | [[:d:Q131698540|Q131698540]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Sahara Sharma]] | | [[चलचित्र निर्माता]] | | | | [[:d:Q139583451|Q139583451]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[सुजना श्रेष्ठ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-05 | | | [[:d:Q1342014|Q1342014]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[सारा देवी तामाङ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-06-04 | | | [[:d:Q2224151|Q2224151]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[अमिशा बस्नेत]] | | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-19 | | | [[:d:Q4746814|Q4746814]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[सरिता श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली चिकित्सक | [[चिकित्सक]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-07 | | [[चित्र:Dr Sarita Shrestha.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q4794239|Q4794239]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[दामा कुमारी शर्मा]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q5211861|Q5211861]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[धर्मशिला चापागाईं]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-18 | | | [[:d:Q5269249|Q5269249]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[दुर्गा कुमारी बि.क]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q5316379|Q5316379]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[हसिना मिया]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q5679156|Q5679156]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[जुन कुमारी रोका]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q6311490|Q6311490]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[लीला कुमारी भण्डारी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q6547472|Q6547472]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[निलम केसी खँड्का]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7036868|Q7036868]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[फूलमाया क्याप्छाकी]] | | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-11-24 | | | [[:d:Q7187340|Q7187340]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[फूलमती देवी चौधरी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7188331|Q7188331]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[पूर्णाकुमारी सुवेदी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7261334|Q7261334]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[रेनु चन्द]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7313568|Q7313568]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[रुपा सोसी चौधरी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7380185|Q7380185]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[सदिच्छा श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-23 | | | [[:d:Q7397907|Q7397907]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[सरला रेग्मी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7423017|Q7423017]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[सबकी देवी दास तात्मा]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7442335|Q7442335]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[सीतादेबी बौडेल]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7531571|Q7531571]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[सुष्मा शर्मा घिमिरे]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7648977|Q7648977]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[उर्मिला अर्याल]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7900743|Q7900743]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[सरिता डङ्गोल]] | नेपाली चित्रकार | [[चित्रकार]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | | [[:d:Q11305353|Q11305353]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[योग माया]] | नेपाली अभियन्ता, समाजसेविका | [[अभियानी]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[:d:Q12011003|Q12011003]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[अप्साना गिरी]] | नेपाली महिला एस्पेरान्तोभाषी | [[Esperantist]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-21 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-01-02 | | [[:d:Q12345243|Q12345243]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[मिनाक्षी झा]] | संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-07 | | | [[:d:Q13184904|Q13184904]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[काशी पौडेल]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q16191006|Q16191006]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[सलमा खातुन मिकरानी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-25 | | | [[:d:Q16215941|Q16215941]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[रुना प्रधान]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-12-05 | | | [[:d:Q16223375|Q16223375]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[लिला कुमारी बगाले सोमई]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q16239920|Q16239920]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Sarita Gurung]] | | [[philanthropist]]<br/>[[सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता]] | | | [[चित्र:SaritaGurung.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q16256873|Q16256873]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[ज्ञानकुमारी छन्त्याल]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-07-01 | | [[:d:Q17385735|Q17385735]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[राधा ज्ञवाली]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | | [[:d:Q17386003|Q17386003]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[निज्मा खुतान]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q17386175|Q17386175]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[शिक्षा श्रेष्ठ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-09 | | | [[:d:Q18171093|Q18171093]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[पुनम गुरुङ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-17 | | | [[:d:Q18175684|Q18175684]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Shashi Kumary Adhikary]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q19917629|Q19917629]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[पूर्ण शोभा चित्रकार]] | नेपाली महिला शान्तिकर्मी | | | | [[चित्र:4MSP Lusaka 2013 ©CMC (9967354346).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q19921542|Q19921542]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Indu Devi Thapaliya]] | | [[Esperantist]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-06-20 | | [[चित्र:Indu Devi Thapaliya.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q20479334|Q20479334]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Nirjala Tamrakar]] | | [[sport cyclist]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-08-24 | | [[चित्र:Worldcup France 2012.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q24898424|Q24898424]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Bhagawati Khatri]] | | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | | [[:d:Q27907431|Q27907431]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[रोजिना श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-03-19 | | [[चित्र:Rojina Shrestha.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q30110052|Q30110052]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[सहारा बस्नेत]] | नेपाली महिला मोडल | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | | | [[चित्र:Sahara Basnet.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q30110208|Q30110208]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[मदन कुमारी शाह (गरिमा शाह)]] | संबिधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q44148576|Q44148576]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[रञ्जु कुमारी झा]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-07 | | [[चित्र:Ranju Kumari Jha.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q44271483|Q44271483]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[निर्जला राउत]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-13 | | | [[:d:Q44274982|Q44274982]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[लक्ष्मी कुमारी चौधरी]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-03 | | | [[:d:Q44279370|Q44279370]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[दुलारी देवी]] | नेपालको संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-03-23 | | [[:d:Q44789020|Q44789020]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[ईश्वरी न्यौपाने]] | नेपालको संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:सांसद ईश्वरी न्यौपाने Ishwari Neupane.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q45004136|Q45004136]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[शोभा गौचन]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-18 | | | [[:d:Q46902413|Q46902413]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[सरस्वती कुमारी चौधरी]] | नेपाली राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलि को सदस्य | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-28 | | | [[:d:Q47087995|Q47087995]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Rejina Uprety]] | | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[चलचित्र निर्माता]] | | | [[चित्र:Rejina Uprety (cropped).jpeg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q47464928|Q47464928]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[स्नेहा श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[basketball player]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-03-01<br/>1995-01-21 | | | [[:d:Q50717791|Q50717791]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Thinley Lhamo]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | | | [[चित्र:Shambhala (Premiere Berlinale 2024) 1.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q54958039|Q54958039]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Sabita Rajbhandari]] | | [[तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी]] | | | | [[:d:Q56318222|Q56318222]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[सुवेक्षा खड्का]] | नेपाली महिला सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[चित्र:Subeksha Khadka.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q59656231|Q59656231]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[नैनकला ओझा]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q66370970|Q66370970]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Bodhmaya Kumari Yadav]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q66391512|Q66391512]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[विना पोखरेल]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q66606785|Q66606785]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[कलिला खातुन]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Kalila Khatun PP.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q66659072|Q66659072]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[थारु, शिवानी सिंह]] | | [[television presenter]]<br/>[[उपन्यासकार]]<br/>[[पत्रकार]]<br/>[[नाटककार]] | | | | [[:d:Q66860332|Q66860332]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[बबिता कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-18 | | | [[:d:Q67868805|Q67868805]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Bechi Lungeli]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-28 | | | [[:d:Q67869573|Q67869573]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[चमेली देवी दास]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-07 | | | [[:d:Q67870449|Q67870449]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Fuliya Devi Saday]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-06-03 | | | [[:d:Q67871104|Q67871104]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[किरण कुमारी राई]] | नेपाल राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-01 | | | [[:d:Q67915184|Q67915184]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[निरा कुमारी शाह]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-12 | | | [[:d:Q67935365|Q67935365]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[दिलकुमारी रावल थापा]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | | | | | [[:d:Q69524324|Q69524324]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[केशरी चौधरी]] | नेपाली महिला खेलाडी | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-25 | | | [[:d:Q96249806|Q96249806]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[शेषकला पाण्डे]] | समाजसेवी | | | | | [[:d:Q106205604|Q106205604]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[पूर्णिमा श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[photographer]]<br/>[[photojournalist]] | | | | [[:d:Q109324620|Q109324620]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[पल्पसा डङ्गोल]] | नेपाली अभिनेत्री | [[अभिनेता]] | | | [[चित्र:Palpasa Dangol.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q109389899|Q109389899]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Monalisha Khamboo]] | | [[chess player]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | | [[:d:Q109419600|Q109419600]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[आशा मगराती]] | नेपाली कलाकार | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[casting director]]<br/>[[चलचित्र निर्माता]]<br/>[[पटकथाकार]] | | | [[चित्र:Actress Asha Magrati at 81st Venice International Film Festival for Pouja, Sir EDITED.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q110620940|Q110620940]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Kamala Panta]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q110700869|Q110700869]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Kamala Sen-Khatri]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q113585474|Q113585474]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Nirmala Sharma]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]]<br/>[[पत्रकार]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-29 | | [[चित्र:Nirmala Sharma2.JPG|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q113729137|Q113729137]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Kanta Rizal]] | | [[diplomat]] | | | [[चित्र:Kanta Rizal (GPOHZ0 2834) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q115764140|Q115764140]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[लक्ष्मी तिवारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q115857024|Q115857024]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Chanda Karki]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Chanda Karki.png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q115857184|Q115857184]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Maya Panta]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q117471297|Q117471297]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Sabina Bajagain]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q117824504|Q117824504]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Nilam Karn]] | | [[banker]]<br/>[[Wikimedian]]<br/>[[Wikipedian]] | | | [[चित्र:Nilam Karn And Biplab Anand - Hyderabad 2023-04-28 7865 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q121503206|Q121503206]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[सुनमाया बुढा]] | नेपाली महिला धाविका | [[धावक]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | | [[:d:Q123690167|Q123690167]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Sheila Dixit Karki]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q123945408|Q123945408]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Nimsari Rajbanshi]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q124006702|Q124006702]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[बबिना भट्टराई]] | नेपाली गायिका | [[गायक]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-17 | | [[चित्र:Babina bhattarai.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q124396920|Q124396920]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[बन्दना झाँगड]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q128784714|Q128784714]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[शुक माया तामाङ]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-09 | | [[चित्र:Hon'able Minister Shuk Maya Tamang.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q130266573|Q130266573]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Ashmina Ranjit]] | | [[interdisciplinary artist]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | | [[:d:Q133226301|Q133226301]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱞ ᱚᱞᱤ]] | | [[मनोरञ्जनकर्ता]]<br/>[[contemporary folk singer]]<br/>[[रेडियो व्यक्तित्व]]<br/>[[समाचार प्रस्तोता]]<br/>[[राजनीतिज्ञ]]<br/>[[गायक]] | | | [[चित्र:Komal oli.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q133759654|Q133759654]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[पुष्पा कुमारी चौधरी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[Auxiliary nurse midwife]]<br/>[[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-20 | | | [[:d:Q138664900|Q138664900]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[गौरी कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-19 | | | [[:d:Q138798005|Q138798005]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[नीतिमा भण्डारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ तथा उद्यमी | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]]<br/>[[उद्यमी]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-17 | | | [[:d:Q138798022|Q138798022]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 1bmrrm7umw75icudlfkgnkc6ia6c74y 10 121390 1367982 1005360 2026-07-30T15:40:20Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]]मा ठिक गर्दै; कस्मेटिक परिवर्तनहरू 1367982 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[ढाँचा:Country data नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:Country data redirects|Nepal, Federal Democratic Republic of]] dfo9ce47jynzqtd064lequ6o8sc45ns 1 125748 1368000 1124586 2026-07-30T17:37:51Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1368000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} {{विकिपरियोजना नेपाल|class=सुरुवात|importance=सर्वोच्च}} 1196nkhgvstnoo3dlr1jtvt4qvs3zg9 1 125750 1367998 1124588 2026-07-30T17:24:25Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} {{विकिपरियोजना नेपाल|class=सुरुवात|importance=मध्यम}} 8za6mli12y3zu4pzdtna4lconpzti1o 1 127686 1368091 1083550 2026-07-31T08:10:48Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1368091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} {{विकिपरियोजना हिन्दू धर्म}} l6vteleopc5kf5wisi7wqm1pc4wtwpe 0 128700 1368093 1357568 2026-07-31T08:24:29Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1368093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|तामिल हिन्दु कवयित्री तथा सन्त}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आण्डाल | image = Andal-painting.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = [[पुष्य|पूरम्]] [[नक्षत्र]] [[तामिल पात्रो|तामिल महिना]] [[आडि (महिना)|आडि]] मा, ७८५ ईस्वी | birth_place = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]], [[पाण्ड्य राज्य]], [[तमिलकम]] | birth_name = कोटै | denomination = [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] | philosophy = श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय | movement = [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] | notable_works = {{hlist|[[तिरुप्पावै]]|[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]}} | reincarnation_of = [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]] | caption = आण्डालको चित्र | parents = [[पेरियाल्वार]] (पालक-पिता) | temple = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] }} '''आण्डाल''' ({{भाषा-तमिल|ஆண்டாள்}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jestice |first=Phyllis G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Holy_People_of_the_World/W6jOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia [3 volumes] |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-649-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> जसलाई '''कोटै''' र '''नाचियार''' पनि भनिन्छ, १२ [[आल्वार]] मध्ये एक, तमिल सन्त हुन् जसले [[भक्ति आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[वैष्णव धर्म]] को समर्थन गरेकि थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 }}</ref> उनी एक मात्र महिला आल्वार हुन्।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Women_in_World_Religions/HxjOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22female+alvar%22&pg=PA367&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History|editor=Susan de-Gaia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2018|page=367}}</ref> उनलाई पृथ्वी देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]]को [[अवतार]] मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal / Bhudevi Jayanthi – India Cultural Center and Temple |url=https://icctmemphis.org/all-events/yearly-events/andal-bhudevi-jayanthi/ |access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> आल्वारहरू [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] परम्परासँग सम्बन्धित छन्। [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा]] अनुसार, उनलाई [[पेरियाल्वार]]ले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]] मा हुर्काएका थिए जहाँ उनी [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal |url=https://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/andal/ |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Ramanuja.org}}</ref> आठौँ शताब्दी ईस्वीमा सक्रिय,<ref name=bryant188>{{cite book|last= Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PA188|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-198-03400-1|page=188}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|page=116}}</ref><ref name="Chari1997">{{cite book|author=S. M. Srinivasa Chari|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-8-120-81342-7|pages=11–12}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|ह्याजियोग्राफिक परम्पराले आण्डाल लगभग ३००० ईसा पूर्व बाँचेको दाबी गर्छ।<ref name="Chari1997"/><ref name="BaileyKesarcodi-Watson1992">{{cite book|author1=Greg Bailey|author2=Ian Kesarcodi-Watson|title=Bhakti Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blkqAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-8-120-70835-8}}</ref>}} आण्डाललाई [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जसलाई भक्तहरूले महिना [[मार्गाजी]]को समयमा पाठ गर्ने गर्छन्। आण्डाल दक्षिण भारतमा महिलाहरूको लागि एक प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व हुन् र उनले गोदा मण्डली जस्ता धेरै महिला समूहहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छन्।<ref name="Pintchman">{{cite book |last1=Pintchman |first1=Tracy |title=Women's lives, women's rituals in the Hindu tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|pages=181–187|isbn=978-0-198-03934-1}}</ref> == प्रतिमाशास्त्र == [[चित्र:Lord Krishna with his head on the lap of the Alvar saint, Andal.JPG|thumb|रङ्गनाथ र आण्डाल]] आण्डालको केशशैली र आभूषण प्राचीन [[तामिल संस्कृति]]को विशिष्ट अंश हुन्। कपालको गुच्छालाई छेउमा बाँधेर [[चमेली]]का फूलहरू र विस्तृत गहनाहरूले सजाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite book |title=Sura's South India: A journey into peninsular India |date=2005 |publisher=Sura Books |location=Chennai |isbn=8-174-78175-7 }}</ref> श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डालको हातले बनाइएको सुगा प्रत्येक दिन ताजा हरियो पातहरूले बनाइन्छ। यो सुगा आण्डालको बायाँ हातमा राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sri Manavala Mamunigal |title=Srivilliputhur |url=http://www.andaljeeyar.org/pdf.html |work=Andaljeeyar.org }} [http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf PDF file available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054915/http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> यो सुगा बनाउन चुच्चो र मुखको लागि [[अनार]]को फूल, खुट्टाको लागि [[बाँस]]का कडी, शरीरको लागि [[केरा]]को फल, प्वाँखको लागि गुलाबी [[करवीर]] फूल र टाउकोको लागि [[चाँदनी फूल]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=Labour of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/labour-of-love/article5003197.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल कविहरू]] g0b69gq0mp5rh1elo0mcigem3fv2zmw 1368094 1368093 2026-07-31T08:25:10Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|तामिल हिन्दु कवयित्री तथा सन्त}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आण्डाल | image = Andal-painting.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = [[पुष्य|पूरम्]] [[नक्षत्र]] [[तामिल पात्रो|तामिल महिना]] [[आडि (महिना)|आडि]] मा, ७८५ ईस्वी | birth_place = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]], [[पाण्ड्य राज्य]], [[तमिलकम]] | birth_name = कोटै | denomination = [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] | philosophy = श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय | movement = [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] | notable_works = {{hlist|[[तिरुप्पावै]]|[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]}} | reincarnation_of = [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]] | caption = आण्डालको चित्र | parents = [[पेरियाल्वार]] (पालक-पिता) | temple = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] }} '''आण्डाल''' ({{भाषा-तमिल|ஆண்டாள்}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jestice |first=Phyllis G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Holy_People_of_the_World/W6jOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia [3 volumes] |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-649-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> जसलाई '''कोटै''' र '''नाचियार''' पनि भनिन्छ, १२ [[आल्वार]] मध्ये एक, तमिल सन्त हुन् जसले [[भक्ति आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[वैष्णव धर्म]] को समर्थन गरेकि थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 }}</ref> उनी एक मात्र महिला आल्वार हुन्।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Women_in_World_Religions/HxjOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22female+alvar%22&pg=PA367&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History|editor=Susan de-Gaia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2018|page=367}}</ref> उनलाई पृथ्वी देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]]को [[अवतार]] मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal / Bhudevi Jayanthi – India Cultural Center and Temple |url=https://icctmemphis.org/all-events/yearly-events/andal-bhudevi-jayanthi/ |access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> आल्वारहरू [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] परम्परासँग सम्बन्धित छन्। [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा]] अनुसार, उनलाई [[पेरियाल्वार]]ले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]] मा हुर्काएका थिए जहाँ उनी [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal |url=https://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/andal/ |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Ramanuja.org}}</ref> आठौँ शताब्दी ईस्वीमा सक्रिय,<ref name=bryant188>{{cite book|last= Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PA188|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-198-03400-1|page=188}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|page=116}}</ref><ref name="Chari1997">{{cite book|author=S. M. Srinivasa Chari|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-8-120-81342-7|pages=11–12}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|ह्याजियोग्राफिक परम्पराले आण्डाल लगभग ३००० ईसा पूर्व बाँचेको दाबी गर्छ।<ref name="Chari1997"/><ref name="BaileyKesarcodi-Watson1992">{{cite book|author1=Greg Bailey|author2=Ian Kesarcodi-Watson|title=Bhakti Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blkqAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-8-120-70835-8}}</ref>}} आण्डाललाई [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जसलाई भक्तहरूले महिना [[मार्गाजी]]को समयमा पाठ गर्ने गर्छन्। आण्डाल दक्षिण भारतमा महिलाहरूको लागि एक प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व हुन् र उनले गोदा मण्डली जस्ता धेरै महिला समूहहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छन्।<ref name="Pintchman">{{cite book |last1=Pintchman |first1=Tracy |title=Women's lives, women's rituals in the Hindu tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|pages=181–187|isbn=978-0-198-03934-1}}</ref> == प्रतिमाशास्त्र == [[चित्र:Lord Krishna with his head on the lap of the Alvar saint, Andal.JPG|thumb|रङ्गनाथ र आण्डाल]] आण्डालको केशशैली र आभूषण प्राचीन [[तामिल संस्कृति]]को विशिष्ट अंश हुन्। कपालको गुच्छालाई छेउमा बाँधेर [[चमेली]]का फूलहरू र विस्तृत गहनाहरूले सजाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite book |title=Sura's South India: A journey into peninsular India |date=2005 |publisher=Sura Books |location=Chennai |isbn=8-174-78175-7 }}</ref> श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डालको हातले बनाइएको सुगा प्रत्येक दिन ताजा हरियो पातहरूले बनाइन्छ। यो सुगा आण्डालको बायाँ हातमा राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sri Manavala Mamunigal |title=Srivilliputhur |url=http://www.andaljeeyar.org/pdf.html |work=Andaljeeyar.org }} [http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf PDF file available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054915/http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> यो सुगा बनाउन चुच्चो र मुखको लागि [[अनार]]को फूल, खुट्टाको लागि [[बाँस]]का कडी, शरीरको लागि [[केरा]]को फल, प्वाँखको लागि गुलाबी [[करवीर]] फूल र टाउकोको लागि [[चाँदनी फूल]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=Labour of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/labour-of-love/article5003197.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{टिप्पणीसूची}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल कविहरू]] 5b56lpoev1aey8rilw72nb9ert3qoy8 1368095 1368094 2026-07-31T08:25:33Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* टिप्पणीहरू */ 1368095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|तामिल हिन्दु कवयित्री तथा सन्त}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आण्डाल | image = Andal-painting.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = [[पुष्य|पूरम्]] [[नक्षत्र]] [[तामिल पात्रो|तामिल महिना]] [[आडि (महिना)|आडि]] मा, ७८५ ईस्वी | birth_place = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]], [[पाण्ड्य राज्य]], [[तमिलकम]] | birth_name = कोटै | denomination = [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] | philosophy = श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय | movement = [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] | notable_works = {{hlist|[[तिरुप्पावै]]|[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]}} | reincarnation_of = [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]] | caption = आण्डालको चित्र | parents = [[पेरियाल्वार]] (पालक-पिता) | temple = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] }} '''आण्डाल''' ({{भाषा-तमिल|ஆண்டாள்}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jestice |first=Phyllis G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Holy_People_of_the_World/W6jOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia [3 volumes] |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-649-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> जसलाई '''कोटै''' र '''नाचियार''' पनि भनिन्छ, १२ [[आल्वार]] मध्ये एक, तमिल सन्त हुन् जसले [[भक्ति आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[वैष्णव धर्म]] को समर्थन गरेकि थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 }}</ref> उनी एक मात्र महिला आल्वार हुन्।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Women_in_World_Religions/HxjOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22female+alvar%22&pg=PA367&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History|editor=Susan de-Gaia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2018|page=367}}</ref> उनलाई पृथ्वी देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]]को [[अवतार]] मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal / Bhudevi Jayanthi – India Cultural Center and Temple |url=https://icctmemphis.org/all-events/yearly-events/andal-bhudevi-jayanthi/ |access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> आल्वारहरू [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] परम्परासँग सम्बन्धित छन्। [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा]] अनुसार, उनलाई [[पेरियाल्वार]]ले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]] मा हुर्काएका थिए जहाँ उनी [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal |url=https://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/andal/ |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Ramanuja.org}}</ref> आठौँ शताब्दी ईस्वीमा सक्रिय,<ref name=bryant188>{{cite book|last= Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PA188|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-198-03400-1|page=188}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|page=116}}</ref><ref name="Chari1997">{{cite book|author=S. M. Srinivasa Chari|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-8-120-81342-7|pages=11–12}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|ह्याजियोग्राफिक परम्पराले आण्डाल लगभग ३००० ईसा पूर्व बाँचेको दाबी गर्छ।<ref name="Chari1997"/><ref name="BaileyKesarcodi-Watson1992">{{cite book|author1=Greg Bailey|author2=Ian Kesarcodi-Watson|title=Bhakti Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blkqAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-8-120-70835-8}}</ref>}} आण्डाललाई [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जसलाई भक्तहरूले महिना [[मार्गाजी]]को समयमा पाठ गर्ने गर्छन्। आण्डाल दक्षिण भारतमा महिलाहरूको लागि एक प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व हुन् र उनले गोदा मण्डली जस्ता धेरै महिला समूहहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छन्।<ref name="Pintchman">{{cite book |last1=Pintchman |first1=Tracy |title=Women's lives, women's rituals in the Hindu tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|pages=181–187|isbn=978-0-198-03934-1}}</ref> == प्रतिमाशास्त्र == [[चित्र:Lord Krishna with his head on the lap of the Alvar saint, Andal.JPG|thumb|रङ्गनाथ र आण्डाल]] आण्डालको केशशैली र आभूषण प्राचीन [[तामिल संस्कृति]]को विशिष्ट अंश हुन्। कपालको गुच्छालाई छेउमा बाँधेर [[चमेली]]का फूलहरू र विस्तृत गहनाहरूले सजाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite book |title=Sura's South India: A journey into peninsular India |date=2005 |publisher=Sura Books |location=Chennai |isbn=8-174-78175-7 }}</ref> श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डालको हातले बनाइएको सुगा प्रत्येक दिन ताजा हरियो पातहरूले बनाइन्छ। यो सुगा आण्डालको बायाँ हातमा राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sri Manavala Mamunigal |title=Srivilliputhur |url=http://www.andaljeeyar.org/pdf.html |work=Andaljeeyar.org }} [http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf PDF file available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054915/http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> यो सुगा बनाउन चुच्चो र मुखको लागि [[अनार]]को फूल, खुट्टाको लागि [[बाँस]]का कडी, शरीरको लागि [[केरा]]को फल, प्वाँखको लागि गुलाबी [[करवीर]] फूल र टाउकोको लागि [[चाँदनी फूल]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=Labour of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/labour-of-love/article5003197.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="note"/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल कविहरू]] a40caht89a2fd9k17y4wqwl7xicn89y 1368098 1368095 2026-07-31T08:27:39Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|तामिल हिन्दु कवयित्री तथा सन्त}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आण्डाल | image = Andal-painting.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = [[पुष्य|पूरम्]] [[नक्षत्र]] [[तामिल पात्रो|तामिल महिना]] [[आडि (महिना)|आडि]] मा, ७८५ ईस्वी | birth_place = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]], [[पाण्ड्य राज्य]], [[तमिलकम]] | birth_name = कोटै | denomination = [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] | philosophy = श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय | movement = [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] | notable_works = {{hlist|[[तिरुप्पावै]]|[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]}} | reincarnation_of = [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]] | caption = आण्डालको चित्र | parents = [[पेरियाल्वार]] (पालक-पिता) | temple = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] }} '''आण्डाल''' ({{भाषा-तमिल|ஆண்டாள்}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jestice |first=Phyllis G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Holy_People_of_the_World/W6jOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia [3 volumes] |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-649-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> जसलाई '''कोटै''' र '''नाचियार''' पनि भनिन्छ, १२ [[आल्वार]] मध्ये एक, तमिल सन्त हुन् जसले [[भक्ति आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[वैष्णव धर्म]] को समर्थन गरेकि थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 }}</ref> उनी एक मात्र महिला आल्वार हुन्।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Women_in_World_Religions/HxjOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22female+alvar%22&pg=PA367&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History|editor=Susan de-Gaia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2018|page=367}}</ref> उनलाई पृथ्वी देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]]को [[अवतार]] मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal / Bhudevi Jayanthi – India Cultural Center and Temple |url=https://icctmemphis.org/all-events/yearly-events/andal-bhudevi-jayanthi/ |access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> आल्वारहरू [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] परम्परासँग सम्बन्धित छन्। [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा]] अनुसार, उनलाई [[पेरियाल्वार]]ले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]] मा हुर्काएका थिए जहाँ उनी [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal |url=https://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/andal/ |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Ramanuja.org}}</ref> आठौँ शताब्दी ईस्वीमा सक्रिय,<ref name=bryant188>{{cite book|last= Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PA188|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-198-03400-1|page=188}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|page=116}}</ref><ref name="Chari1997">{{cite book|author=S. M. Srinivasa Chari|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-8-120-81342-7|pages=11–12}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|ह्याजियोग्राफिक परम्पराले आण्डाल लगभग ३००० ईसा पूर्व बाँचेको दाबी गर्छ।<ref name="Chari1997"/><ref name="BaileyKesarcodi-Watson1992">{{cite book|author1=Greg Bailey|author2=Ian Kesarcodi-Watson|title=Bhakti Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blkqAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-8-120-70835-8}}</ref>}} आण्डाललाई [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जसलाई भक्तहरूले महिना [[मार्गाजी]]को समयमा पाठ गर्ने गर्छन्। आण्डाल दक्षिण भारतमा महिलाहरूको लागि एक प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व हुन् र उनले गोदा मण्डली जस्ता धेरै महिला समूहहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छन्।<ref name="Pintchman">{{cite book |last1=Pintchman |first1=Tracy |title=Women's lives, women's rituals in the Hindu tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|pages=181–187|isbn=978-0-198-03934-1}}</ref> == इतिहास == == प्रतिमाशास्त्र == [[चित्र:Lord Krishna with his head on the lap of the Alvar saint, Andal.JPG|thumb|रङ्गनाथ र आण्डाल]] आण्डालको केशशैली र आभूषण प्राचीन [[तामिल संस्कृति]]को विशिष्ट अंश हुन्। कपालको गुच्छालाई छेउमा बाँधेर [[चमेली]]का फूलहरू र विस्तृत गहनाहरूले सजाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite book |title=Sura's South India: A journey into peninsular India |date=2005 |publisher=Sura Books |location=Chennai |isbn=8-174-78175-7 }}</ref> श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डालको हातले बनाइएको सुगा प्रत्येक दिन ताजा हरियो पातहरूले बनाइन्छ। यो सुगा आण्डालको बायाँ हातमा राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sri Manavala Mamunigal |title=Srivilliputhur |url=http://www.andaljeeyar.org/pdf.html |work=Andaljeeyar.org }} [http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf PDF file available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054915/http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> यो सुगा बनाउन चुच्चो र मुखको लागि [[अनार]]को फूल, खुट्टाको लागि [[बाँस]]का कडी, शरीरको लागि [[केरा]]को फल, प्वाँखको लागि गुलाबी [[करवीर]] फूल र टाउकोको लागि [[चाँदनी फूल]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=Labour of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/labour-of-love/article5003197.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="note"/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल कविहरू]] 1tzcnvoqvqp5a11875i4pl7jk8r61do 1368105 1368098 2026-07-31T08:33:29Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|तामिल हिन्दु कवयित्री तथा सन्त}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आण्डाल | image = Andal-painting.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = [[पुष्य|पूरम्]] [[नक्षत्र]] [[तामिल पात्रो|तामिल महिना]] [[आडि (महिना)|आडि]] मा, ७८५ ईस्वी | birth_place = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]], [[पाण्ड्य राज्य]], [[तमिलकम]] | birth_name = कोटै | denomination = [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] | philosophy = श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय | movement = [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] | notable_works = {{hlist|[[तिरुप्पावै]]|[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]}} | reincarnation_of = [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]] | caption = आण्डालको चित्र | parents = [[पेरियाल्वार]] (पालक-पिता) | temple = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] }} '''आण्डाल''' ({{भाषा-तमिल|ஆண்டாள்}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jestice |first=Phyllis G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Holy_People_of_the_World/W6jOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia [3 volumes] |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-649-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> जसलाई '''कोटै''' र '''नाचियार''' पनि भनिन्छ, १२ [[आल्वार]] मध्ये एक, तमिल सन्त हुन् जसले [[भक्ति आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[वैष्णव धर्म]] को समर्थन गरेकि थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 }}</ref> उनी एक मात्र महिला आल्वार हुन्।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Women_in_World_Religions/HxjOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22female+alvar%22&pg=PA367&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History|editor=Susan de-Gaia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2018|page=367}}</ref> उनलाई पृथ्वी देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]]को [[अवतार]] मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal / Bhudevi Jayanthi – India Cultural Center and Temple |url=https://icctmemphis.org/all-events/yearly-events/andal-bhudevi-jayanthi/ |access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> आल्वारहरू [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] परम्परासँग सम्बन्धित छन्। [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा]] अनुसार, उनलाई [[पेरियाल्वार]]ले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]] मा हुर्काएका थिए जहाँ उनी [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal |url=https://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/andal/ |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Ramanuja.org}}</ref> आठौँ शताब्दी ईस्वीमा सक्रिय,<ref name=bryant188>{{cite book|last= Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PA188|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-198-03400-1|page=188}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|page=116}}</ref><ref name="Chari1997">{{cite book|author=S. M. Srinivasa Chari|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-8-120-81342-7|pages=11–12}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|ह्याजियोग्राफिक परम्पराले आण्डाल लगभग ३००० ईसा पूर्व बाँचेको दाबी गर्छ।<ref name="Chari1997"/><ref name="BaileyKesarcodi-Watson1992">{{cite book|author1=Greg Bailey|author2=Ian Kesarcodi-Watson|title=Bhakti Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blkqAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-8-120-70835-8}}</ref>}} आण्डाललाई [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जसलाई भक्तहरूले महिना [[मार्गाजी]]को समयमा पाठ गर्ने गर्छन्। आण्डाल दक्षिण भारतमा महिलाहरूको लागि एक प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व हुन् र उनले गोदा मण्डली जस्ता धेरै महिला समूहहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छन्।<ref name="Pintchman">{{cite book |last1=Pintchman |first1=Tracy |title=Women's lives, women's rituals in the Hindu tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|pages=181–187|isbn=978-0-198-03934-1}}</ref> == इतिहास == साहित्यिक र धार्मिक परम्परा अनुसार, मूल रूपमा विष्णुचित्तन भनिने [[पेरियाल्वार]] [[विष्णु]]का भक्त थिए। सन्तान नभएका कारण, उनले विष्णुसँग सन्तानको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। एक दिन, उनले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] भित्रको बगैँचामा [[तुलसी]]को बोटमुनि एउटी बालिकालाई (पछि आण्डाल भनियो) फेला पार्छन्। उनले त्यो बालिकाको नाम कोटै राख्छन्<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klostermaier |first=Klaus K. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Survey_of_Hinduism/E_6-JbUiHB4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA317&printsec=frontcover |title=A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition |date=2007-07-05 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-7082-4 |pages=317 |language=en}}</ref> जो पछि गएर विष्णुको [[अवतार]] [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किन्छिन्। कोटैले मन्दिरको प्रमुख देवतालाई समर्पित गर्नुअघि माला लगाएको विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो कुरा थाहा पाएपछि, पेरियाल्वारले उनलाई गाली गर्छन्। विष्णु उनको सपनामा देखा पर्छन् र उनलाई आण्डालले लगाएको माला मात्र आफूलाई समर्पित गर्न आग्रह गर्छन् किनभने जब नयाँ माला विष्णुको मूर्तिमा चढाइएको हुन्छ तब त्यो माला खस्छ तर पछि आण्डालले लगाएको माला चढाएपछि विष्णु सुनौलो रङ्गमा परिणत हुन्छन्। बालिका कोटैलाई यसरी आण्डाल भनिन थालिन्छ र उनलाई "चुडिकोडुथा सुदारकोडि" पनि भनिन्छ जसको अर्थ विष्णुलाई माला लगाएर दिने महिला हुन आउँछ। पेरियाल्वारले आण्डाललाई [[श्रीरङ्गम]]को [[रङ्गनाथस्वामी मन्दिर, श्रीरङ्गम|रङ्गनाथस्वामी मन्दिर]]मा लगे जहाँ आण्डाल विष्णुकी वधूको रूपमा उनीसँग पुनर्मिलन भइन्। यो अभ्यास आधुनिक समयमा पनि पालन गरिन्छ जब [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]]बाट आण्डालको माला [[तमिल पात्रो|तमिल महिना]] ''[[तमिल पात्रो|पुरत्तासि]]''को (सेप्टेम्बर – अक्टोबर) गरुडोत्सवमा [[भेङ्कटेश्वर मन्दिर, तिरुमला]] र [[पद्मावती मन्दिर]]मा र [[चित्रा पौर्णमी (पर्व)|चित्रा पौर्णमी]]को समयमा [[कल्लालगर मन्दिर|कल्लालगर सुन्दरवल्ली कोयिल]] मा पठाइन्छ।<ref name="Rao">{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=Rao|first=A.V.Shankaranarayana|publisher=Vasan Publications|isbn=978-8-184-68112-3|year=2012|pages=195–99|ref=Rao}}</ref> आण्डाललाई नाचियार वा आण्डाल नाचियार पनि भनिन्छ। कोटैलाई पेरियाल्वारले प्रेम र भक्तिको वातावरणमा हुर्काउँछन्। जब उनी सुन्दर युवती भइन् तब विष्णुप्रतिको उनको जोश यति बढ्यो कि उनले केवल विष्णुलाई नै विवाह गर्ने निर्णय गर्छन्। समय बित्दै जाँदा, उनको सङ्कल्प अझ बलियो हुन्छ र उनी [[श्रीरङ्गम]] ([[तिरुचिरापल्ली]]) मा [[शेष नाग]]माथि विष्णुको सुतिरहेको रूप) [[रङ्गनाथ]]सँग विवाह गर्ने बारे निरन्तर सोच्न थाल्छिन्। यो श्रीरङ्गममा नै थियो जहाँ विष्णुले [[रङ्गनाथ]]को रूपमा भूमिको रूपमा आण्डालसँग विवाह गर्छन्। आण्डाललाई दुई उत्कृष्ट [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जुन भक्तहरूले मार्गालीको जाडो महोत्सवको समयमा अझै पाठ गर्छन्। == प्रतिमाशास्त्र == [[चित्र:Lord Krishna with his head on the lap of the Alvar saint, Andal.JPG|thumb|रङ्गनाथ र आण्डाल]] आण्डालको केशशैली र आभूषण प्राचीन [[तामिल संस्कृति]]को विशिष्ट अंश हुन्। कपालको गुच्छालाई छेउमा बाँधेर [[चमेली]]का फूलहरू र विस्तृत गहनाहरूले सजाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite book |title=Sura's South India: A journey into peninsular India |date=2005 |publisher=Sura Books |location=Chennai |isbn=8-174-78175-7 }}</ref> श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डालको हातले बनाइएको सुगा प्रत्येक दिन ताजा हरियो पातहरूले बनाइन्छ। यो सुगा आण्डालको बायाँ हातमा राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sri Manavala Mamunigal |title=Srivilliputhur |url=http://www.andaljeeyar.org/pdf.html |work=Andaljeeyar.org }} [http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf PDF file available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054915/http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> यो सुगा बनाउन चुच्चो र मुखको लागि [[अनार]]को फूल, खुट्टाको लागि [[बाँस]]का कडी, शरीरको लागि [[केरा]]को फल, प्वाँखको लागि गुलाबी [[करवीर]] फूल र टाउकोको लागि [[चाँदनी फूल]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=Labour of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/labour-of-love/article5003197.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="note"/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल कविहरू]] fbgnmz6d3c14br49gqwfs3ldsf697uy 1368106 1368105 2026-07-31T08:34:59Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|तामिल हिन्दु कवयित्री तथा सन्त}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आण्डाल | image = Andal-painting.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = [[पुष्य|पूरम्]] [[नक्षत्र]] [[तामिल पात्रो|तामिल महिना]] [[आडि (महिना)|आडि]] मा, ७८५ ईस्वी | birth_place = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]], [[पाण्ड्य राज्य]], [[तमिलकम]] | birth_name = कोटै | denomination = [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] | philosophy = श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय | movement = [[भक्ति आन्दोलन|भक्ति]] | notable_works = {{hlist|[[तिरुप्पावै]]|[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]}} | reincarnation_of = [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]] | caption = आण्डालको चित्र | parents = [[पेरियाल्वार]] (पालक-पिता) | temple = [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] }} '''आण्डाल''' ({{भाषा-तमिल|ஆண்டாள்}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jestice |first=Phyllis G. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Holy_People_of_the_World/W6jOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia [3 volumes] |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-85109-649-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> जसलाई '''कोटै''' र '''नाचियार''' पनि भनिन्छ, १२ [[आल्वार]] मध्ये एक, तमिल सन्त हुन् जसले [[भक्ति आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[वैष्णव धर्म]] को समर्थन गरेकि थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0 }}</ref> उनी एक मात्र महिला आल्वार हुन्।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Women_in_World_Religions/HxjOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22female+alvar%22&pg=PA367&printsec=frontcover |title=Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History|editor=Susan de-Gaia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2018|page=367}}</ref> उनलाई पृथ्वी देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूमि]]को [[अवतार]] मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal / Bhudevi Jayanthi – India Cultural Center and Temple |url=https://icctmemphis.org/all-events/yearly-events/andal-bhudevi-jayanthi/ |access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref> आल्वारहरू [[श्रीवैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] परम्परासँग सम्बन्धित छन्। [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा]] अनुसार, उनलाई [[पेरियाल्वार]]ले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर]] मा हुर्काएका थिए जहाँ उनी [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किएकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Andal |url=https://www.ramanuja.org/sv/alvars/andal/ |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=Ramanuja.org}}</ref> आठौँ शताब्दी ईस्वीमा सक्रिय,<ref name=bryant188>{{cite book|last= Bryant|first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PA188|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-198-03400-1|page=188}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chitnis|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao|title=Medieval Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|page=116}}</ref><ref name="Chari1997">{{cite book|author=S. M. Srinivasa Chari|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-8-120-81342-7|pages=11–12}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|ह्याजियोग्राफिक परम्पराले आण्डाल लगभग ३००० ईसा पूर्व बाँचेको दाबी गर्छ।<ref name="Chari1997"/><ref name="BaileyKesarcodi-Watson1992">{{cite book|author1=Greg Bailey|author2=Ian Kesarcodi-Watson|title=Bhakti Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blkqAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-8-120-70835-8}}</ref>}} आण्डाललाई [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जसलाई भक्तहरूले महिना [[मार्गाजी]]को समयमा पाठ गर्ने गर्छन्। आण्डाल दक्षिण भारतमा महिलाहरूको लागि एक प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व हुन् र उनले गोदा मण्डली जस्ता धेरै महिला समूहहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छन्।<ref name="Pintchman">{{cite book |last1=Pintchman |first1=Tracy |title=Women's lives, women's rituals in the Hindu tradition |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford|pages=181–187|isbn=978-0-198-03934-1}}</ref> == इतिहास == साहित्यिक र धार्मिक परम्परा अनुसार, मूल रूपमा विष्णुचित्तन भनिने [[पेरियाल्वार]] [[विष्णु]]का भक्त थिए। सन्तान नभएका कारण, उनले विष्णुसँग सन्तानको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। एक दिन, उनले [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]] भित्रको बगैँचामा [[तुलसी]]को बोटमुनि एउटी बालिकालाई (पछि आण्डाल भनियो) फेला पार्छन्। उनले त्यो बालिकाको नाम कोटै राख्छन्<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klostermaier |first=Klaus K. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_Survey_of_Hinduism/E_6-JbUiHB4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA317&printsec=frontcover |title=A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition |date=2007-07-05 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-7082-4 |pages=317 |language=en}}</ref> जो पछि गएर विष्णुको [[अवतार]] [[कृष्ण]]को भक्तको रूपमा हुर्किन्छिन्। कोटैले मन्दिरको प्रमुख देवतालाई समर्पित गर्नुअघि माला लगाएको विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो कुरा थाहा पाएपछि, पेरियाल्वारले उनलाई गाली गर्छन्। विष्णु उनको सपनामा देखा पर्छन् र उनलाई आण्डालले लगाएको माला मात्र आफूलाई समर्पित गर्न आग्रह गर्छन् किनभने जब नयाँ माला विष्णुको मूर्तिमा चढाइएको हुन्छ तब त्यो माला खस्छ तर पछि आण्डालले लगाएको माला चढाएपछि विष्णु सुनौलो रङ्गमा परिणत हुन्छन्। बालिका कोटैलाई यसरी आण्डाल भनिन थालिन्छ र उनलाई "चुडिकोडुथा सुदारकोडि" पनि भनिन्छ जसको अर्थ विष्णुलाई माला लगाएर दिने महिला हुन आउँछ। पेरियाल्वारले आण्डाललाई [[श्रीरङ्गम]]को [[रङ्गनाथस्वामी मन्दिर, श्रीरङ्गम|रङ्गनाथस्वामी मन्दिर]]मा लगे जहाँ आण्डाल विष्णुकी वधूको रूपमा उनीसँग पुनर्मिलन भइन्। यो अभ्यास आधुनिक समयमा पनि पालन गरिन्छ जब [[श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डाल मन्दिर]]बाट आण्डालको माला [[तमिल पात्रो|तमिल महिना]] ''[[तमिल पात्रो|पुरत्तासि]]''को (सेप्टेम्बर – अक्टोबर) गरुडोत्सवमा [[भेङ्कटेश्वर मन्दिर, तिरुमला]] र [[पद्मावती मन्दिर]]मा र [[चित्रा पौर्णमी (पर्व)|चित्रा पौर्णमी]]को समयमा [[कल्लालगर मन्दिर|कल्लालगर सुन्दरवल्ली कोयिल]] मा पठाइन्छ।<ref name="Rao">{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=Rao|first=A.V.Shankaranarayana|publisher=Vasan Publications|isbn=978-8-184-68112-3|year=2012|pages=195–99|ref=Rao}}</ref> आण्डाललाई नाचियार वा आण्डाल नाचियार पनि भनिन्छ। कोटैलाई पेरियाल्वारले प्रेम र भक्तिको वातावरणमा हुर्काउँछन्। जब उनी सुन्दर युवती भइन् तब विष्णुप्रतिको उनको जोश यति बढ्यो कि उनले केवल विष्णुलाई नै विवाह गर्ने निर्णय गर्छन्। समय बित्दै जाँदा, उनको सङ्कल्प अझ बलियो हुन्छ र उनी [[श्रीरङ्गम]]मा ([[तिरुचिरापल्ली]]) [[शेषनाग]]माथि विष्णुको सुतिरहेको रूप) [[रङ्गनाथ]]सँग विवाह गर्ने बारे निरन्तर सोच्न थाल्छिन्। यो श्रीरङ्गममा नै थियो जहाँ विष्णुले [[रङ्गनाथ]]को रूपमा भूमिको रूपमा आण्डालसँग विवाह गर्छन्। आण्डाललाई दुई उत्कृष्ट [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] कृतिहरू, ''[[तिरुप्पावै]]'' र ''[[नाचियार तिरुमोलि]]''को रचना गर्ने श्रेय दिइन्छ, जुन भक्तहरूले मार्गालीको जाडो महोत्सवको समयमा अझै पाठ गर्छन्। == प्रतिमाशास्त्र == [[चित्र:Lord Krishna with his head on the lap of the Alvar saint, Andal.JPG|thumb|रङ्गनाथ र आण्डाल]] आण्डालको केशशैली र आभूषण प्राचीन [[तामिल संस्कृति]]को विशिष्ट अंश हुन्। कपालको गुच्छालाई छेउमा बाँधेर [[चमेली]]का फूलहरू र विस्तृत गहनाहरूले सजाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite book |title=Sura's South India: A journey into peninsular India |date=2005 |publisher=Sura Books |location=Chennai |isbn=8-174-78175-7 }}</ref> श्रीविल्लिपुथुर आण्डालको हातले बनाइएको सुगा प्रत्येक दिन ताजा हरियो पातहरूले बनाइन्छ। यो सुगा आण्डालको बायाँ हातमा राखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |author1=Sri Manavala Mamunigal |title=Srivilliputhur |url=http://www.andaljeeyar.org/pdf.html |work=Andaljeeyar.org }} [http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf PDF file available] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054915/http://www.andaljeeyar.org/images/pdf/SRIVILLIPUTHUR.pdf |date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> यो सुगा बनाउन चुच्चो र मुखको लागि [[अनार]]को फूल, खुट्टाको लागि [[बाँस]]का कडी, शरीरको लागि [[केरा]]को फल, प्वाँखको लागि गुलाबी [[करवीर]] फूल र टाउकोको लागि [[चाँदनी फूल]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=Labour of love |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/labour-of-love/article5003197.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="note"/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु महिला धर्मगुरुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तमिल कविहरू]] ka9eufvf92yjvtudvut9l4s0s9v4cuc 1 130101 1367959 1124036 2026-07-30T13:07:06Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} {{विकिपरियोजना नेपाल|class=क|importance=सर्वोच्च}} mi478m1nx73wiinqauwsikwaz5t1lqs 1 130109 1367968 1127594 2026-07-30T13:22:27Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} {{विकिपरियोजना नेपाल|class=सुरूवात|importance=उच्च}} es3skqn53mhk35ax4kzci2517xajc89 0 130531 1368125 1273375 2026-07-31T11:29:00Z NeoEditor 77577 1368125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artifact |image = Lumbini pillar excavation 1896.jpg |name = लुम्बिनीको अशोक स्तम्भ |image_caption = स्तम्भको उत्खनन, र स्तम्भको फेदमा शिलालेखको खोज। |material = पालिश बलौटे ढुङ्गा |place = [[लुम्बिनी]], [[नेपाल]] |discovered_coords ={{coord|27.469650|N|83.275595|E|display=inline, title}} |location = [[लुम्बिनी]], [[नेपाल]] | map = {{Location map|Nepal Lumbini Province#Nepal |width = |float = center |border = |caption = |alt = |relief = yes |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = लुम्बिनी<br>स्तम्भ |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |link = |lat_deg = 27 |lat_min = 28 |lat_sec = 10.7 |lat_dir = N |lon_deg = 83 |lon_min = 16 |lon_sec = 32.1 |lon_dir = E }} |id = |registration = }} '''लुम्बिनी स्तम्भ शिलालेख''', जसलाई '''पडेरिया शिलालेख''' पनि भनिन्छ, पुरातन [[ब्राह्मी लिपि]]को शिलालेख हो, जुन डिसेम्बर १८९६ मा [[नेपाली सेना]]का पूर्व प्रधानसेनापति [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]ले लुम्बिनी, नेपालको [[अशोक स्तम्भ]]मा फेला पारेका थिए।<ref name="VAS">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Vincent A.|title=The Birthplace of Gautama Buddha|journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|pages=615–621|date=1897|jstor=25207888}}</ref> यो भूतकालमा र साधारण तेस्रो व्यक्ति (शाही तेस्रो व्यक्ति होइन) मा रहेको छ, यसले [[अशोक]] आफैँको घोषणा होइन, बरु यस क्षेत्रमा उनको भ्रमणको पछिको स्मरण हो।<ref name="CIB226">{{cite book|last1=Beckwith|first1=Christopher I.|title=Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia|date=2017|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-17632-1|pages=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53GYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA246|language=en}}</ref> == शिलालेख == {| class="wikitable centre" |+ ! scope="col" align="left" |अनुवाद <small>(नेपाली)</small> !मौलिक (मूल [[ब्राह्मी लिपि]]) !शिलालेख <small>([[ब्राह्मी लिपि]]मा [[प्राकृत]])</small> |- | align="center" width="30%" |{{blockquote|देवताहरूका प्रिय प्रियदर्शी (अशोक) राजा राज्यकालको बीसौँ वर्षमा आफैँ आउनुभयो। यहाँ शाक्यमुनि बुद्धको जन्म भएकाले (बुद्धजन्म) सङ्केतक शिलामा पूजा गरी यो शिलास्तम्भ स्थापना गर्नुभयो। यहाँ भगवान्‌को जन्म भएकाले गाउँको बलि (कर) घटाई आठौँ भाग मात्र कायम गर्नुभयो।|लुम्बिनीको अशोक स्तम्भ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/77883|title=दक्षिण एसियाको सबैभन्दा प्राचीन ब्राह्मी लिपि उत्कीर्ण भएका तीन अभिलेख|website=शिलापत्र|accessdate=2023-02-07}}</ref>}} | align="left" |{{blockquote|<poem> <big>{{Script|Brah|𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦𑀧𑀺𑀬𑀤𑀲𑀺𑀦𑀮𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀢𑀺𑀯𑀲𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁂𑀦}}</big> <small>देवानपियेन पियदसिन लाजिन वीसतिवसाभिसितेन</small> <big>{{Script|Brah|𑀅𑀢𑀦𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀘 𑀫𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀺𑀢𑁂 𑀳𑀺𑀤𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂𑀚𑀸𑀢 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀺𑀢𑀺}}</big> <small>अगनआगाच महीयिते हिदबुधेजाते सक्यमुनीति</small> <big>{{Script|Brah|𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀕𑀥𑀪𑀺𑀘𑀸𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀸𑀧𑀺𑀢 𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀣𑀪𑁂𑀘 𑀉𑀲𑀧𑀸𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁂}}</big> <small>सिलाविगडभीचा कालापित सिलाथभेच उसपापिते</small> <big>{{Script|Brah|𑀳𑀺𑀤𑀪𑀕𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀢𑀺 𑀮𑀼𑀁𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀺𑀕𑀸𑀫𑁂 𑀉𑀩𑀮𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀓𑀝𑁂}}</big> <small>हिदभगवंजातेति लुंमिनिगामे उबलिकेकटे</small> <big>{{Script|Brah|𑀅𑀞𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀘}}</big> <small>अठभागियेच</small> </poem>|}} | align="center" width="10%" |[[चित्र:Lumbini_pillar_with_inscription_and_its_location.jpg|thumb|360x360px|लुम्बिनी रुम्मिन्देई स्तम्भ १८९६ मा खोजको समयमा, शिलालेखको स्थान सहित, जुन जमिनको सतह मुनि लगभग १ मिटर लुकाइएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/a/019pho0001007s3u00632000.html Asoka pillar at Rummindei &#x5B;Lumbini&#x5D; in the Nepal Tarai, west view of ruins. British Library Online]</ref><ref>"Dr. Fuhrer went from Nigliva to Rummindei where another Priyadasin lat has been discovered... and an inscription about 3 feet below surface, had been opened by the Nepalese" in {{cite book|last1=Calcutta|first1=Maha Bodhi Society|title=The Maha-Bodhi|date=1921|page=226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvENAQAAIAAJ|language=en}}</ref>]] |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:लुम्बिनी प्रदेश]] rfhoxejgwrxwkca17838bvnaz7n25q7 0 133350 1368122 1367824 2026-07-31T11:20:13Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक विकासक्रम */ 1368122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ढाँचा:नेपालको संविधान २०७२}}[[नेपालको संविधान|नेपालको संविधानको]] भाग ३ मा [[नेपाली|नेपाली नागरिकका]] '''मौलिक हक र कर्तव्यको''' उल्लेख गरिएको छ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=नेपालको संविधान |url=https://www.moljpa.gov.np/public/uploads/cff6c0ea-7736-412f-bafd-75b64afcdf17.pdf |website=कानून, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय}}</ref> [[नेपालको संविधान]]को धारा १६ देखि धारा ४८ सम्म नेपाली जनतालाई ३३ वटा मौलिक हकको प्रत्याभूति गरिएको छ । जसमा सम्मानपूर्वक बाँच्न पाउने स्वतन्त्रता, वाक् तथा अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रता, [[धर्म|धार्मिक]] तथा [[संस्कृति|सांस्कृतिक]] स्वतन्त्रता, [[छुवाछुत]] तथा भेदभाव विरुद्धको अधिकार आदि पर्दछन् । धारा ४८ मा प्रत्येक नेपाली नागरिकको कर्तव्यको उल्लेख छ । नेपालको राष्ट्रियता, सार्वभौमसत्ता र अखण्डताको रक्षा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । <ref>{{Cite web |title=31 Fundamental Rights have been Proposed |url=http://asd.org.np/nepal-in-transition/constitution/constitutionmaking/31-fundamental-rights-proposed/ |access-date=10 December 2017 |website=asd.org.np }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210204754/http://asd.org.np/nepal-in-transition/constitution/constitutionmaking/31-fundamental-rights-proposed/ |date=10 December 2017 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=CA panel recommends 31 fundamental rights |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/ca-panel-recommends-31-fundamental-rights/ |access-date=10 December 2017 |website=thehimalayantimes.com |publisher=Himalayan Times}} </ref> संविधानको '''धारा ४७''' मा मौलिक हकको कार्यान्वयनका लागि आवश्यक पर्ने कानुनहरू संविधान प्रारम्भ भएको ३ वर्षभित्र बनाउने उल्लेख छ। संविधानको भाग ४ मा रहेका राज्यका निर्देशक सिद्धान्त र नीतिहरूलाई अदालतमा सिधै प्रश्न उठाउन पाइँदैन। राज्यले आफ्नो क्षमता अनुसार बिस्तारै यी हकहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्दै लैजाने छुट संविधानले नै दिएको छ। == ऐतिहासिक विकासक्रम == [[नेपाल सरकारको वैधानिक कानुन २००४|नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन, २००४]] मा पहिलो पटक नागरिकका आधारभूत अधिकार र कर्तव्य समावेश गरिएको थियो। भाषण, प्रेस, सभा, र धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता जस्ता सीमित हकहरू मात्र थिए। प्रजातन्त्र स्थापनापछि जारी भएको [[नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान २००७|नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान, २००७]] ले 'राज्यका निर्देशक सिद्धान्त र नीतिहरू' को अवधारणा भित्र्यायो। समानताको हक र कानुनी संरक्षण जस्ता आधुनिक हकहरूको सुरुवात भयो। नेपालको संविधान, २०१५ मा पहिलो पटक मौलिक हकलाई 'कार्यान्वयन गराउने संवैधानिक उपचारको हक' (अदालत जान पाउने अधिकार) थपियो। [[नेपालको संविधान २०१९|नेपालको संविधान, २०१९]] मा मौलिक हकहरू त राखिए, तर तिनलाई 'कानुनको अधीनमा रही' मात्र प्रयोग गर्न पाइने गरी संकुचित गरियो। पहिलो पटक नागरिकका कर्तव्यहरू लाई स्पष्ट रूपमा संविधानमा समावेश गरियो। राष्ट्रिय हित विपरितका कार्यमा मौलिक हक निलम्बन गर्न सकिने व्यवस्था थियो। २०४६ सालको जनआन्दोलनपछि बनेको नेपालको अधिराज्यको संविधान, २०४७लाई उत्कृष्ट मानिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=पाण्डे |first=प्रभातराज |date=कार्तिक ११, २०८१ |title=किन २०७२ भन्दा २०४७ सालको संविधान उत्कृष्ट ? |url=https://www.akramannews.com/bichar/2024/10/27/3510/ |access-date=2026-07-29 |website=आक्रमण न्युज - Akraman News |language=en-US}}</ref> मौलिक हकलाई पूर्ण रूपमा अपरिवर्तनीय (निलम्बन गर्न नमिल्ने गरी) बनाइयो। प्रेस तथा प्रकाशन हक, सूचनाको हक, र निवारक नजरबन्द विरुद्धको हक जस्ता आधुनिक हकहरू थपिए। यस संविधानमा नागरिकका कर्तव्यहरू राखिएका थिएनन्। जनआन्दोलन २०६२/६३ को पृष्ठभूमिमा बनेको [[नेपालको अन्तरिम संविधान २०६३|नेपालको अन्तरिम संविधान, २०६३]] ले मौलिक हकमा ठूलो फड्को मार्यो। पहिलो पटक सकारात्मक विभेद (आरक्षण) को व्यवस्था गरियो। महिलाको हक, बालबालिकाको हक, दलितको हक, र छुवाछूत विरुद्धको हकलाई मौलिक हकमा राखियो। स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, र रोजगारीको हकलाई पहिलो पटक मौलिक हकको रूपमा स्वीकार गरियो। वर्तमान [[नेपालको संविधान २०७२|नेपालको संविधान, २०७२]] मा ३१ वटा मौलिक हक (धारा १६ देखि ४६ सम्म) को व्यवस्था गरिएको छ। आवासको हक, खाद्यको हक, उपभोक्ताको हक, र ज्येष्ठ नागरिकको हक जस्ता नयाँ हकहरू थपिएका छन्। धारा ४८ मा ४ वटा नागरिकका कर्तव्यहरू लाई पुनः समावेश गरिएको छ। == संविधानमा उल्लेखित अधिकार == (१६) सम्मानपुर्वक वाच्न पाउने हक <br> (१७) स्वतन्त्रताको हक <br> (१८) समानताको हक <br> (१९) सञ्चारको हक <br> (२०) न्याय सम्बन्धी हक <br> (२१) अपराध पीडितको हक<br> (२२) यातना विरूद्धको हक<br> (२३) निवारक नजरबन्द विरूद्धको हक<br> (२४) छुवाछुत र भेदभाव विरूद्धको हक<br> (२५) सम्पत्तिको हक<br> (२६) धार्मिक स्वतन्त्राको हक<br> (२७) सूचनाको हक<br> (२८) गोपनीयताको हक<br> (२९) शोषण विरूद्धको हक<br> (३०) स्वच्छ वातावरणको हक<br> (३१) शिक्षा सम्बन्धी हक<br> (३२) भाषा र संस्कृतिको हक<br> (३३) रोजगारको हक<br> (३४) श्रमको हक<br> (३५) स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी हक<br> (३६) खाद्य सम्बन्धी हक<br> (३७) आवासको हक<br> (३८) महिलाको हक<br> (३९) बालबालिकाको हक (४०) दलितको हक<br> (४१) ज्येष्ठ नागरिकको हक<br> (४२ )सामाजिक न्यायको हक<br> (४३) सामाजिक सुरक्षाको हक<br> (४४) उपभोक्ताको हक<br> (४५) देश निकाला विरुद्धको हक<br> (४६) संबैधानिक उपचारको हक<br> (४७) मौलिक हकको कार्यन्यायन<br> (४८) नागरिकका कर्तब्य == नागरिकका कर्तव्य == नेपालको संविधानको धारा ४८ प्रत्येक नागरिकका कर्तव्य देहाय बमोजिम छन्ः–<ref name=":0" /> * (क) राष्ट्रप्रति निष्ठावान हुँदै नेपालको राष्ट्रियता, सार्वभौमसत्ता र अखण्डताको रक्षा गर्नु, * (ख) संविधान र कानूनको पालना गर्नु, * (ग) राज्यले चाहेका बखत अनिवार्य सेवा गर्नु, * (घ) सार्वजनिक सम्पत्तिको सुरक्षा र संरक्षण गर्नु ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको संविधान]] e9fvbsdn3cq0p2f6nvm6dtvta97i6xg 0 134345 1368002 1321922 2026-07-30T18:54:56Z Adrishya001 80049 1368002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = बजरङ्ग दल | logo = Bajrang Dal logo.jpg | logo_size = 200px | logo_caption = Logo of Bajrang Dal | formation = {{start date and age|1984|10|08|p=y|df=yes}} (उत्तर प्रदेश) | purpose = विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्को युवा दस्ता | headquarters = [[नयाँ दिल्ली]], [[भारत]] | region = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] | leader_title = Head | leader_name = नीरज डोनेरिया | parent_organization = [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] | website = {{url|https://vhp.org/bajrang_dal/}} }} '''बजरङ्ग दल''' एक [[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद|हिन्दु राष्ट्रवादी]] {{Refn|<ref name="Eko 2016">{{cite book |last1=Eko |first1=Lyombe |title=The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery: From Clay Tablets to Tablet Computers |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |date=April 29, 2016 |isbn=978-1-137-55098-9 |pages=77–86 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303441330 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137550989 |url-access=limited |access-date=17 February 2021 |via=[[ResearchGate]] |doi=10.1057/9781137550989_6 |language=en |chapter=Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery in India |quote=The Bajrang Dal (the Brigade of Hanuman, the Hindu monkey god) is a militant, Hindu nationalist organization in India. It is famous for its cow protection activities (i.e., saving cows, which are considered sacred in Hinduism, from slaughter).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Valiani |first1=Arafaat A. |title=Militant publics in India: Physical culture and violence in the making of a modern polity |date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-230-37063-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XLHAAAAQBAJ |page=180 |accessdate=17 February 2021 |url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]] |quote=In 2002, almost 2,000 Muslims were killed in carefully planned attacks by the VHP and the Bajrang Dal. The state was governed by the BJP in 2002, and some BJP representatives brazenly justified and abetted the violence.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Parashar |first1=Swati |title=Women and Militant Wars: The politics of injury |date=March 5, 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-134-11606-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoH8AgAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]] |url-access=limited |quote=The Sangh Parivar (literally known as the Sangh family) includes groups such as the Rashtriye Swayamsewak Sangh, the Bajrang Dal, Shiv Sena and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. They articulate a militant Hindu nationalist politics, opposing the Muslim 'other'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alter |first1=Joseph S. |authorlink=Joseph Alter |title=Somatic Nationalism: Indian Wrestling and Militant Hinduism |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |date=1994 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=557–588 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00011860 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/313044 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 February 2021 |issn=0026-749X |via=[[JSTOR]] |jstor=313044 |s2cid=146291615 |quote=It would be anathema for the leaders of such militant groups as the RSS, Shiva Sena, and Bajrang Dal, to let a Muslim 'voice' speak to the issue of what is lacking among Hindus, much less turn—even nominally—to an Islamic model of civility to define the terms of Hindu self development.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Dibyesh |title=Anxious Sexualities: Masculinity, Nationalism and Violence |journal=[[British Journal of Politics and International Relations]] |date=May 2007 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766 |url=https://www.academia.edu/25169782 |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]] |quote=Amrish Ji, a leader of a militant organisation ''Bajrang Dal'', in a public speech accused Muslims of treating {{'}}''Bharat Mata''{{'}} ('Mother India') as a {{'}}''dayan''{{'}} ('witch') (Amrish Ji 2005).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jerryson |first1=Michael |title=Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World |date=July 15, 2020 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-4408-5991-5 |page=275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfjtDwAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Google Books]]|language=en |url-access=limited |quote=The magazine ''Tehelka'' carried out a six-month undercover investigation in 2007 that resulted in video evidence that the riots were organized and supported by Gujarat police and Chief Minister Modi. The video also implicated several members of the Bajrang Dal (a militant Hindu nationalist group) and the BJP (one of India's main political parties).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC|url-access=limited|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=2010|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=9789380607047|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In May–June, the VHP provided itself with an organization, which assembled young Hindu militants, the Bajrang Dal. Its founder, Vinay Katiyar, had until then been a ''pracharak'' of the RSS. However, the Bajrang Dal proved to be less disciplined than the RSS and its violent utterances as well as actions were to precipitate many communal riots.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxuJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119|page=119|url-access=limited|title=State and Civil Society under Siege: Hindutva, Security and Militarism in India|last1=Joshy|first1=P. M.|last2=Seethi|first2=K. M.|date=15 September 2015|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]|isbn=9789351503835|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Perhaps the most recent and controversial one emerged in the Sangh family is Bajrang Dal. The VHP was instrumental in the creation of the Bajrang Dal, which is a militant organisation based on the ideology of Hindutva.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEUdPqYQjhoC&pg=PA47|title=Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India|last=Ludden|first=David|date=1996-04-01|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|isbn=0812215850|page=47|language=en|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Conspicuous in all coverage of the Rath Yatra were young men holding primitive weapons like bows and tridents. Here it was the young militants of the youth wing of the VHP, the Bajrang Dal, who challenged the BJP elders.}}</ref><ref name="Katju 2003">{{cite book|first=Manjari|last=Katju|title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b70nKb-8YuMC&pg=PA52|year=2003|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=978-81-250-2476-7|page=52|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The local-level activism involving the Bajrang Dal took different forms, ranging from a visible presence and participation in public rituals like Durga pooja and Dussehera, to socio-religious policing. Its aggressive participation in the Ayodhya dispute as a subsidiary of the VHP brought it forward as a militant organisation.}}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson 2005">{{cite book|first=Steven|last=Wilkinson|title=Religious Politics and Communal Violence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARCnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=310|isbn=978-0-19-567237-4|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In the summer of 1984, Vinay Katiya, an RSS pracharak, formed the Bajrang Dal in Uttar Pradesh as a militant youth wing of the VHP, with the intention of recruiting young underemployed men from the lower castes for militant and daring action in conjunction with the ensuing battle for the Hindu nation that the VHP envisaged.}}</ref><ref name="Dossani & Rowen 2005">{{cite book|first=Robert L. Jr.|last=Hardgrave|editor-first1=Rafiq|editor-last1=Dossani|editor-first2=Henry S.|editor-last2=Rowen|editor-link2=Harry Rowen|title=Prospects for Peace in South Asia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwO9zmj6aQ0C&pg=PA202|chapter-url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8047-5085-1|page=202|chapter=Hindu Nationalism and the BJP: Transforming Religion and Politics in India|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Construction of the Ram temple at Ayodhya might remain the focus of the VHP, but the destruction of the mosque and the violence that followed alarmed many among the BJP's middle-class supporters. Fearing both alienation of major segments in its base of support and domination by the increasingly militant VHP and Bajrang Dal, the BJP once again shifted emphasis in its strategies of pragmatism and mobilization.}}</ref><ref name="Modernizing Democracy">{{cite book|first1=Terry F.|last1=Buss|first2=F. Stevens|last2=Redburn|first3=Kristina|last3=Guo|title=Modernizing Democracy: Innovations in Citizen Participation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsQ5H0225YkC&pg=PA296|year=2006|publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]]|isbn=978-0-7656-2180-1|page=296|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=Bajrang Dal. Militant youth organization associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.}}</ref><ref name="Hinduism and Law">{{cite book|first1=Timothy|last1=Lubin|first2=Donald R. Jr.|last2=Davis|first3=Jayanth K.|last3=Krishnan|title=Hinduism and Law: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtuhClbfL7EC&pg=PA236|date=21 October 2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-139-49358-1|page=236|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The Bajrang Dal is the militant youth wing of the VHP and was formed in 1984.}}</ref><ref name="Bauman 2015">{{cite book|first=Chad M.|last=Bauman|title=Pentecostals, Proselytization, and Anti-Christian Violence in Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoFxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|date=2 February 2015|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-026631-8|page=15|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The most important of these, in terms of conflict between Hindus and Christians, are the Akhil Bharatiya Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, or ABVKA ("All-India Forest-Dweller's Welfare Center," founded in 1952), the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, or VHP ("World Hindu Council," founded in 1964), the VHP's militant youth wing, the Bajrang Dal, or ("Bajrang Party," founded in 1984), and the political party that became, in 1980, the Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP ("Indian People's Party").}}</ref><ref name="Basu 2015">{{cite book|first=Amrita|last=Basu|authorlink=Amrita Basu|title=Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|date=30 June 2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-08963-1|page=164|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=There was an unprecedented convergence of forces that heightened Hindu nationalist militancy and violence: an active RSS presence within civil society; high levels of coordination between the RSS, VHP, BJP, and militant Bajrang Dal; a cohesive political party; a BJP state government with ties to the bureaucracy and law enforcement agencies; and an NDA government at the center.}}</ref><ref name="Mankekar 1999">{{cite book|first=Purnima|last=Mankekar|title=Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZf8wmVdpaIC&pg=PA179|year=1999|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|isbn=0-8223-2390-7|page=179|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Militant organizations such as the Bajrang Dal, with its loyal following among the lumpen proletariat, further widened the class base of right-wing organizations such as the Bharatiya Janata Party, traditionally a stronghold of the urban petite bourgeoisie.}}</ref><ref name="Kochanek & Hardgrave 2007">{{cite book|first1=Stanley A.|last1=Kochanek|first2=Robert L.|last2=Hardgrave|title=India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation|date=30 January 2007|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-495-00749-4|page=206|quote=Distinct from both the RSS and the VHP, the militant Bajrang Dal has been closely associated with the VHP in the movement to "liberate" Hindu holy shrines at Ayodhya and other sites where mosques now stand. The Dal is one of many senas, the armed gangs that have been described as the face of Hindu fascism.}}</ref><ref name="HRW 2003">{{cite book|chapter=India|chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/pdf/india.pdf|title=Human Rights Watch World Report, 2003|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/|year=2003|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|isbn=978-1-56432-285-2|page=237|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The groups most directly responsible for this violence against Muslims included the VHP, the Bajrang Dal (the militant youth wing of the VHP), and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (National Volunteer Corps, RSS), collectively forming the ''sangh parivar'' (or "family" of Hindu nationalist groups).}}</ref><ref name="BBC_2016">{{cite news |title=Inside a far-right Hindu 'self defence' training camp |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-36415080 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=1 June 2016 |quote=They are conducted by the Bajrang Dal, a militant Hindu organisation that traces its origins from the days of the infamous Babri Mosque demolition movement in the temple town of Ayodhya.}}</ref>}} सङ्गठन हो जसले [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद]] (विहिप) को युवा शाखा बनाउँछ। यस सङ्गठनको विचारधारा [[हिन्दुत्व|हिन्दुत्वमा]] आधारित छ।<ref name="Anand 2007">{{Cite journal |last=Anand |first=Dibyesh |date=2007 |title=Anxious sexualities: Masculinity, nationalism and violence |journal=The British Journal of Politics & International Relations |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766}}</ref><ref name="TOI/">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|title=Bajrang Dal: The militant face of the saffron family?|last=Deshpande|first=Rajeev|date=30 September 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> यो १ अक्टोबर १९८४ मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेशमा]] स्थापना भएको थियो, र सन् २०१० को दसकमा भारतभर फैलियो, <ref name="bajrangdalban1992">{{Cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Dal v state |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/dal-vs-state/}}</ref> यद्यपि यसको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण आधार देशको उत्तरी र मध्य भागहरू नै रहेको छ। यो समूहले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घ|राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घको]] शाखा (शाखाहरू) जस्तै करिब २,५०० अखाडाहरू सञ्चालन गर्दछ। "बजरङ्ग" नाम [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] देवता [[हनुमान|हनुमानको]] सन्दर्भ हो। बजरङ्ग दलको नारा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा, संस्कार'' वा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा र संस्कृति'' हो। [[मथुरा|मथुराको]] कृष्णजन्मभूमि मन्दिरको स्थलमा [[राम मन्दिर, अयोध्या|राममन्दिर]] निर्माण गर्नु र [[बनारस|वाराणसीको]] [[काशी विश्वनाथ|काशी विश्वनाथ मन्दिरको]] विस्तार गर्नु पनि दलको मुख्य उद्देश्य हो, जुन अहिले विवादित पूजास्थल छन्। बजरङ्ग दलले [[मुसलमान|मुस्लिम]] जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय वृद्धि, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear|date=26 October 2011}}</ref> षडयन्त्रपूर्ण र डर धमकीद्वारा गराइने धर्म परिवर्तन, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Leela |date=April 2011 |title=Unsettled Territories: State, Civil Society, and the Politics of Religious Conversion in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/12142142 |journal=Politics and Religion |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=108–135 |doi=10.1017/S1755048310000490 |s2cid=144982565 |access-date=16 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> गाई हत्या, र हिन्दु संस्कृति माथिको प्रहारको विरोध गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities|date=18 October 2019|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/23655/9781138493803_text.pdf|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> == विचारधारा र एजेन्डा == [[चित्र:Bajrang_Dal_Aloysius.jpg|पाठ=Bajrang Dal members protesting at St. Aloysius College, Mangaluru|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार| बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरू मङ्गलुरुको सेन्ट एलोसियस कलेजमा प्रदर्शन गर्दै]] बजरङ्ग दल हिन्दूवादी सङ्गठन हो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/will-be-beaten-right-wing-groups-christmas-threat-for-hindus-in-assam-2334606|title="Will Be Beaten": Right-Wing Group's Christmas Threat For Hindus In Assam|date=5 December 2020|work=NDTV.com|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Facebook_Scroll">{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/981158/facebook-did-not-ban-bajrang-dal-due-to-concern-for-employees-safety-business-prospects-report|title=Facebook did not ban Bajrang Dal due to concern for employees' safety, business prospects: Report|last=Scroll Staff|date=14 December 2021|work=Scroll.in|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Deccan Facebook">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/why-facebook-is-on-the-fence-about-banning-bajrang-dal-927238.html|title=Why Facebook is on the fence about banning Bajrang Dal|date=14 December 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=5 January 2021|language=en}}</ref> [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) सँगसँगै, सङ्गठनले भारतमा इस्लामिक आतंकवादको बिरुद्ध बोलेको छ र घोषणा गरेको छ कि उनीहरूले देशभरि सचेतना अभियानहरू सञ्चालन गर्ने छन्। उनीहरूले भनेका छन् कि इस्लामिक आतंकवादीहरू भारतमा सर्वसाधारण जनतामा लुकेका छन् र उनीहरूलाई पर्दाफास गर्ने उद्देश्य छन्।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct312006/district17225420061030.asp Terror:VHP plans awareness jatha],''Deccan Herald''</ref> संयोजक प्रकाश शर्माले जोड दिए कि उनीहरूले कुनै विशेष समुदायलाई लक्षित गर्दैनन्, तर भारतका जनतालाई, विशेष गरी युवाहरूलाई आतंकवादको खतराबाट "जागृत" गर्न खोजिरहेका थिए। आतंकवादी समूह लश्कर-ए-तोयबा।<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021021/ldh1.htm#6 Bajrang Dal launches campaign],''The Tribune''</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|title=Three get death for Akshardham attack|date=2 June 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> बजरङ्ग दलले गौ हत्या विरुद्ध विहिप को अडान साझा गरेको छ र यसलाई प्रतिबन्धको प्रस्तावलाई समर्थन गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr192005/district1941312005418.asp Cow slaughter: Bajrang Dal dubs Forum’s stand anti-Hindu],''Deccan Herald''</ref> [[गुजरात]] शाखा सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विरोधी आन्दोलनको अग्रभागमा छ। यसको उद्देश्य मुस्लिमद्वारा गरिने हिन्दु महिलाको शोषण, धर्म परिवर्तन गर्नका लागि गरिने षड्यन्त्र रोक्नु हो। == सामाजिक मिडिया उपस्थिति == बजरङ्ग दल [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल|सामाजिक सञ्जालमा]] सक्रिय छ। [[फेसबुक|फेसबुकको]] सुरक्षा टोलीले यसलाई दक्षिणपन्थी सङ्गठन सनातन संस्था र श्री राम सेनासँग ट्याग गरेको छ। सामाजिक सञ्जालमा आफ्नो उपस्थिती र नागरिक को सहज पहुँच स्थापित गरि धार्मिक बिचारका कारण हिन्दूहरूले शोषण सहनु नपरोस् , त्यसका लागि आफ्नो सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गरेको छ। == विवाद र आलोचना == [[बाबरी मस्जिद]] ध्वस्त भएपछि राव सरकारले सन् १९९२ मा बजरङ्ग दलमाथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो तर एक वर्षपछि उक्त प्रतिबन्ध हटाइएको थियो।<ref name="bajrangdalban1992"/> विहिप नेता, प्रविण तोगडिया, अप्रिल २००३ मा अजमेरमा बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई प्रतिबन्ध र निषेधाज्ञाको अवहेलना गर्दै त्रिशूल बाँडेपछि गिरफ्तार गरिएको थियो। उनले भारतको [[राजस्थान]] राज्यमा आगामी विधानसभा चुनाव त्रिशूलको मुद्दामा लड्ने दाबी गर्दै सत्तारुढ [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] पार्टीलाई चुनावी लाभका लागि मुस्लिमहरूलाई "थप" गरेकोमा आक्रमण गरे। उनले घटनाका कारण भएको प्रचारप्रसारप्रति सन्तुष्टि व्यक्त गरे। ‘सामाजिक प्रहरी’ बनेर कयौँपटक बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताले [[प्रणय दिवस|भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा]] अविवाहित जोडीलाई दुव्र्यवहार गर्दै उनीहरूको इच्छाविपरीत [[सिन्दुर|सिन्दूर]] लगाउन वा राखी [[साउन शुक्ल पूर्णिमा|बाँध्न]] बाध्य पारेका छन्। कार्यकर्ताहरूले प्रायः हिंसा, उपहार पसल र रेस्टुरेन्टहरूमा आक्रमण गर्ने र भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिने गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|title=On V-Day, Bajrang Dal men force couple to get 'married'|last=Gupta|first=Suchandana|date=15 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2004 |title=Sena, Bajrang Dal act spoilers on Valentine's Day |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/14vday.htm |access-date=2012-11-26 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|title=Bajrang Dal protests against Valentine's Day|date=15 February 2008|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220075907/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|archive-date=20 February 2008|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, हिन्दु देवताहरूको अपमान र न्यूलाइफ मिसनरीहरूले गरेको धर्म परिवर्तनको विरोधमा बजरङ्ग दलले न्यूलाइफ क्रिश्चियन चर्चहरू र प्रार्थना हलहरू विरुद्ध कर्नाटकमा आक्रमणहरूको नयाँ लहर निर्देशित गरेको थियो। पछि [[भारत सरकार|भारतको सङ्घीय सरकारले]] राज्य सरकारको कडा आलोचना गरेपछि संयोजक महेन्द्रकुमारले आक्रमणमा आफूहरू जिम्मेवार नभएको सार्वजनिक घोषणा गरेपछि पनि पक्राउ परेका थिए। थप रुपमा, अल्पसङ्ख्यकहरूको लागि राष्ट्रिय आयोगले पनि भाजपा शासित राज्य कर्नाटक र [[ओडिसा|ओडिशामा]] धार्मिक हिंसाको लागि उनीहरूलाई दोषी ठहराएको छ।<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Christians_Sangh_Parivars_new_target/articleshow/3505720.cms Christians: The Sangh Parivar's new target] The Economic Times – 20 September 2008</ref> तर, केही प्रहरी रिपोर्टहरूले बजरङ्ग दल ''आफैँ'' संलग्न नभएको र विप्लव समूहले आक्रमण गरेको दाबी गरेको छ। २ नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा, नैतिक प्रहरीको बिरुद्ध किस अफ लभको विरोधको क्रममा, बजरङ्ग दल, [[शिव सेना]], [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] र अन्य धेरै दक्षिणपन्थी समूहका सदस्यहरूले विरोध गरेका थिए र प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई आक्रमण गरे र सडकमा चुम्बन गर्ने प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई हटाउने धम्की दिए। यी विपक्षी समूहहरूले सार्वजनिक रुपमा स्नेहको प्रदर्शन भारतीय संस्कृति र भूमिको कानून (भारतीय दण्ड संहिताको धारा २९४ अन्तर्गत) दुवै विरुद्ध भएको दाबी गरे। २०१५ देखि, बजरङ्ग दल र विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्ले गाईको सुरक्षालाई बढावा दिएको र त्यसमा संलग्न भएको आरोप लगाइएको छ, मानव अधिकार समूहहरूले यस्ता कार्यहरूलाई प्रवर्द्धन र समर्थन गरेकोमा धेरै राज्य सरकारहरूको आलोचना गरेका छन्, आँखा चिम्लेर पनि। प्रहरी अधिकारीहरूलाई गौ संरक्षण समूहका सदस्यहरूले यस्ता घटनाहरूमा हस्तक्षेप गर्न वा गोरक्षकहरूलाई पक्राउ गर्न धम्की दिएका छन्। उत्तर प्रदेशमा लभ जिहादलाई रोक्नको लागि गैरकानूनी धर्म परिवर्तन अध्यादेश, २०२० लागु भएपभएपछी पर्यावेक्षकको रुपमा काम गरिरहेको बजरङ्ग दल, षडयन्त्रपूर्ण हुने अन्तर-धार्मिक विवाह रोक्नको लागि निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ मा, भ्यालेन्टाइन डेको अवसरमा, बजरङ्ग दलका धेरै सदस्यहरूले हैदराबाद र आगरामा विरोध प्रदर्शन गरे। वेलेंटाइन डेको नाममा हुने गैरसामाजिक क्रियाकलापको विरोध गरेकोले निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ को शुरुवातमा, भारतमा दक्षिणपन्थी [[हिन्दुत्व]] समूहका सदस्यहरूले भारतमा हलाल खानाको बिक्रीको विरोध गरेका छन्। बजरङ्ग दल, विश्व हिन्दु परिषद् र अन्य हिन्दुत्व समूहहरूले कर्नाटकमा घर-घर अभियान चलाइरहेका थिए, मानिसहरूलाई हलाल मासु नकिन आग्रह गर्दै। १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा, बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई भ्यालेन्टाइन डे मनाउन विरुद्ध राष्ट्रभरका जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिएको, उनीहरूलाई शारीरिक रुपमा आक्रमण गरेको आरोप र आलोचना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal opposes Valentines Day Festivities in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/bajrang-dal-opposes-valentine-s-day-festivities-in-karnataka-1190500.html}}</ref> फरीदाबादका केही स्थानीय नागरिकहरूले कथित रुपमा केही बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई पार्कमा बसिरहेका एक जोडीलाई आक्रमण गरेको आरोपमा कुटपिट गरेका छन्, पुलिस अनुसन्धानलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faridabad locals thrash Bajrang Dal activists after they harass married couple on Valentine's Day, videos viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/faridabad-married-couple-attacked-by-bajrang-dal-viral-videos-activists-valentines-day-2334921-2023-02-15}}</ref> १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा राजस्थानको [[भरतपुर जिल्ला|भरतपुर जिल्लाको]] घाटमीका गाउँका २ मुस्लिम पुरुषहरूलाई छिमेकी राज्य हरियाणाका बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरूले गाई चोरी गरेको कारणकुटपिट गरेका थिए। यस घटनालाई एनजीओ र बिपक्षी दलका नेताहरूले तथा मुस्लिम संस्थाहरूले हत्याको गरिएको रुपमा प्रचार गरेका थिए। == प्रतिबन्धको माग == सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] (INC) ले बजरङ्ग दल र [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन माग गर्‍यो तथापी INC ले आफ्नो वोट बैंकलाइ खुश पार्नका लागि यो मांग गरेको थियो। प्रायः मुस्लिम आतंकवादीहरु र कट्टर मुस्लिमहरूले मुस्लिमहरूको लक्ष्य "गजवा ए हिन्द" को रुकावटको रुपमा हेर्छन्। ५ अक्टोबर २००८ मा, भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्रीले ओडिशा र कर्नाटकमा क्रिश्चियन र ईसाई संस्थाहरूमा निरन्तर हमलाहरूका लागि बजरङ्ग दल र विहिप माथि सम्भावित प्रतिबन्धबारे छलफल गर्न विशेष मन्त्रिपरिषद्् बैठक बोलाए।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201101639/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/nation/story_9930126.jsp Cabinet to discuss Bajrang, VHP ban] The Telegraph</ref> बजरङ्ग दल र ओडिशाका अध्यक्ष प्रतापचन्द्र सारंगीमाथि ग्राहम स्टेन्स हत्या प्रकरणमा संलग्नता रहेको आरोप लागेको छ। यद्यपि, आरोपहरूको लागि कुनै प्रमाण स्थापित भएको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal Minister Fights Staines Controversy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bajrang-dal-minister-battles-staines-controversy/cid/1691621 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> == अध्यक्षहरूको सूची == {| class="wikitable" !S. नं. ! नाम ! अवधि |- | १. | विनय कटियार | |- | २. | जयभान सिंह पवैया | |- | ३. | सुरेश जैन | |- | ४. | प्रकाश शर्मा | |- | ५. | सुवास चौहान | |- | ६. | राजेश पाण्डे | |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दुत्व]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 5h4qpv98jq2jlxz2hhl9wcgs095apyx 1368010 1368002 2026-07-31T03:34:05Z ~2026-42510-27 80053 1368010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = बजरङ्ग दल | logo = File:Bajrang Dal logo.jpg | logo_size = 200px | logo_caption = Logo of Bajrang Dal | formation = {{start date and age|1984|10|08|p=y|df=yes}} (उत्तर प्रदेश) | purpose = विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्को युवा दस्ता | headquarters = [[नयाँ दिल्ली]], [[भारत]] | region = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] | leader_title = Head | leader_name = नीरज डोनेरिया | parent_organization = [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] | website = {{url|https://vhp.org/bajrang_dal/}} }} '''बजरङ्ग दल''' एक [[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद|हिन्दु राष्ट्रवादी]] {{Refn|<ref name="Eko 2016">{{cite book |last1=Eko |first1=Lyombe |title=The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery: From Clay Tablets to Tablet Computers |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |date=April 29, 2016 |isbn=978-1-137-55098-9 |pages=77–86 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303441330 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137550989 |url-access=limited |access-date=17 February 2021 |via=[[ResearchGate]] |doi=10.1057/9781137550989_6 |language=en |chapter=Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery in India |quote=The Bajrang Dal (the Brigade of Hanuman, the Hindu monkey god) is a militant, Hindu nationalist organization in India. It is famous for its cow protection activities (i.e., saving cows, which are considered sacred in Hinduism, from slaughter).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Valiani |first1=Arafaat A. |title=Militant publics in India: Physical culture and violence in the making of a modern polity |date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-230-37063-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XLHAAAAQBAJ |page=180 |accessdate=17 February 2021 |url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]] |quote=In 2002, almost 2,000 Muslims were killed in carefully planned attacks by the VHP and the Bajrang Dal. The state was governed by the BJP in 2002, and some BJP representatives brazenly justified and abetted the violence.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Parashar |first1=Swati |title=Women and Militant Wars: The politics of injury |date=March 5, 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-134-11606-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoH8AgAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]] |url-access=limited |quote=The Sangh Parivar (literally known as the Sangh family) includes groups such as the Rashtriye Swayamsewak Sangh, the Bajrang Dal, Shiv Sena and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. They articulate a militant Hindu nationalist politics, opposing the Muslim 'other'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alter |first1=Joseph S. |authorlink=Joseph Alter |title=Somatic Nationalism: Indian Wrestling and Militant Hinduism |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |date=1994 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=557–588 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00011860 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/313044 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 February 2021 |issn=0026-749X |via=[[JSTOR]] |jstor=313044 |s2cid=146291615 |quote=It would be anathema for the leaders of such militant groups as the RSS, Shiva Sena, and Bajrang Dal, to let a Muslim 'voice' speak to the issue of what is lacking among Hindus, much less turn—even nominally—to an Islamic model of civility to define the terms of Hindu self development.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Dibyesh |title=Anxious Sexualities: Masculinity, Nationalism and Violence |journal=[[British Journal of Politics and International Relations]] |date=May 2007 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766 |url=https://www.academia.edu/25169782 |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]] |quote=Amrish Ji, a leader of a militant organisation ''Bajrang Dal'', in a public speech accused Muslims of treating {{'}}''Bharat Mata''{{'}} ('Mother India') as a {{'}}''dayan''{{'}} ('witch') (Amrish Ji 2005).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jerryson |first1=Michael |title=Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World |date=July 15, 2020 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-4408-5991-5 |page=275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfjtDwAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Google Books]]|language=en |url-access=limited |quote=The magazine ''Tehelka'' carried out a six-month undercover investigation in 2007 that resulted in video evidence that the riots were organized and supported by Gujarat police and Chief Minister Modi. The video also implicated several members of the Bajrang Dal (a militant Hindu nationalist group) and the BJP (one of India's main political parties).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC|url-access=limited|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=2010|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=9789380607047|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In May–June, the VHP provided itself with an organization, which assembled young Hindu militants, the Bajrang Dal. Its founder, Vinay Katiyar, had until then been a ''pracharak'' of the RSS. However, the Bajrang Dal proved to be less disciplined than the RSS and its violent utterances as well as actions were to precipitate many communal riots.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxuJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119|page=119|url-access=limited|title=State and Civil Society under Siege: Hindutva, Security and Militarism in India|last1=Joshy|first1=P. M.|last2=Seethi|first2=K. M.|date=15 September 2015|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]|isbn=9789351503835|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Perhaps the most recent and controversial one emerged in the Sangh family is Bajrang Dal. The VHP was instrumental in the creation of the Bajrang Dal, which is a militant organisation based on the ideology of Hindutva.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEUdPqYQjhoC&pg=PA47|title=Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India|last=Ludden|first=David|date=1996-04-01|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|isbn=0812215850|page=47|language=en|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Conspicuous in all coverage of the Rath Yatra were young men holding primitive weapons like bows and tridents. Here it was the young militants of the youth wing of the VHP, the Bajrang Dal, who challenged the BJP elders.}}</ref><ref name="Katju 2003">{{cite book|first=Manjari|last=Katju|title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b70nKb-8YuMC&pg=PA52|year=2003|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=978-81-250-2476-7|page=52|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The local-level activism involving the Bajrang Dal took different forms, ranging from a visible presence and participation in public rituals like Durga pooja and Dussehera, to socio-religious policing. Its aggressive participation in the Ayodhya dispute as a subsidiary of the VHP brought it forward as a militant organisation.}}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson 2005">{{cite book|first=Steven|last=Wilkinson|title=Religious Politics and Communal Violence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARCnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=310|isbn=978-0-19-567237-4|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In the summer of 1984, Vinay Katiya, an RSS pracharak, formed the Bajrang Dal in Uttar Pradesh as a militant youth wing of the VHP, with the intention of recruiting young underemployed men from the lower castes for militant and daring action in conjunction with the ensuing battle for the Hindu nation that the VHP envisaged.}}</ref><ref name="Dossani & Rowen 2005">{{cite book|first=Robert L. Jr.|last=Hardgrave|editor-first1=Rafiq|editor-last1=Dossani|editor-first2=Henry S.|editor-last2=Rowen|editor-link2=Harry Rowen|title=Prospects for Peace in South Asia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwO9zmj6aQ0C&pg=PA202|chapter-url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8047-5085-1|page=202|chapter=Hindu Nationalism and the BJP: Transforming Religion and Politics in India|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Construction of the Ram temple at Ayodhya might remain the focus of the VHP, but the destruction of the mosque and the violence that followed alarmed many among the BJP's middle-class supporters. Fearing both alienation of major segments in its base of support and domination by the increasingly militant VHP and Bajrang Dal, the BJP once again shifted emphasis in its strategies of pragmatism and mobilization.}}</ref><ref name="Modernizing Democracy">{{cite book|first1=Terry F.|last1=Buss|first2=F. Stevens|last2=Redburn|first3=Kristina|last3=Guo|title=Modernizing Democracy: Innovations in Citizen Participation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsQ5H0225YkC&pg=PA296|year=2006|publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]]|isbn=978-0-7656-2180-1|page=296|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=Bajrang Dal. Militant youth organization associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.}}</ref><ref name="Hinduism and Law">{{cite book|first1=Timothy|last1=Lubin|first2=Donald R. Jr.|last2=Davis|first3=Jayanth K.|last3=Krishnan|title=Hinduism and Law: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtuhClbfL7EC&pg=PA236|date=21 October 2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-139-49358-1|page=236|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The Bajrang Dal is the militant youth wing of the VHP and was formed in 1984.}}</ref><ref name="Bauman 2015">{{cite book|first=Chad M.|last=Bauman|title=Pentecostals, Proselytization, and Anti-Christian Violence in Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoFxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|date=2 February 2015|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-026631-8|page=15|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The most important of these, in terms of conflict between Hindus and Christians, are the Akhil Bharatiya Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, or ABVKA ("All-India Forest-Dweller's Welfare Center," founded in 1952), the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, or VHP ("World Hindu Council," founded in 1964), the VHP's militant youth wing, the Bajrang Dal, or ("Bajrang Party," founded in 1984), and the political party that became, in 1980, the Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP ("Indian People's Party").}}</ref><ref name="Basu 2015">{{cite book|first=Amrita|last=Basu|authorlink=Amrita Basu|title=Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|date=30 June 2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-08963-1|page=164|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=There was an unprecedented convergence of forces that heightened Hindu nationalist militancy and violence: an active RSS presence within civil society; high levels of coordination between the RSS, VHP, BJP, and militant Bajrang Dal; a cohesive political party; a BJP state government with ties to the bureaucracy and law enforcement agencies; and an NDA government at the center.}}</ref><ref name="Mankekar 1999">{{cite book|first=Purnima|last=Mankekar|title=Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZf8wmVdpaIC&pg=PA179|year=1999|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|isbn=0-8223-2390-7|page=179|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Militant organizations such as the Bajrang Dal, with its loyal following among the lumpen proletariat, further widened the class base of right-wing organizations such as the Bharatiya Janata Party, traditionally a stronghold of the urban petite bourgeoisie.}}</ref><ref name="Kochanek & Hardgrave 2007">{{cite book|first1=Stanley A.|last1=Kochanek|first2=Robert L.|last2=Hardgrave|title=India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation|date=30 January 2007|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-495-00749-4|page=206|quote=Distinct from both the RSS and the VHP, the militant Bajrang Dal has been closely associated with the VHP in the movement to "liberate" Hindu holy shrines at Ayodhya and other sites where mosques now stand. The Dal is one of many senas, the armed gangs that have been described as the face of Hindu fascism.}}</ref><ref name="HRW 2003">{{cite book|chapter=India|chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/pdf/india.pdf|title=Human Rights Watch World Report, 2003|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/|year=2003|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|isbn=978-1-56432-285-2|page=237|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The groups most directly responsible for this violence against Muslims included the VHP, the Bajrang Dal (the militant youth wing of the VHP), and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (National Volunteer Corps, RSS), collectively forming the ''sangh parivar'' (or "family" of Hindu nationalist groups).}}</ref><ref name="BBC_2016">{{cite news |title=Inside a far-right Hindu 'self defence' training camp |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-36415080 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=1 June 2016 |quote=They are conducted by the Bajrang Dal, a militant Hindu organisation that traces its origins from the days of the infamous Babri Mosque demolition movement in the temple town of Ayodhya.}}</ref>}} सङ्गठन हो जसले [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद]] (विहिप) को युवा शाखा बनाउँछ। यस सङ्गठनको विचारधारा [[हिन्दुत्व|हिन्दुत्वमा]] आधारित छ।<ref name="Anand 2007">{{Cite journal |last=Anand |first=Dibyesh |date=2007 |title=Anxious sexualities: Masculinity, nationalism and violence |journal=The British Journal of Politics & International Relations |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766}}</ref><ref name="TOI/">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|title=Bajrang Dal: The militant face of the saffron family?|last=Deshpande|first=Rajeev|date=30 September 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> यो १ अक्टोबर १९८४ मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेशमा]] स्थापना भएको थियो, र सन् २०१० को दसकमा भारतभर फैलियो, <ref name="bajrangdalban1992">{{Cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Dal v state |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/dal-vs-state/}}</ref> यद्यपि यसको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण आधार देशको उत्तरी र मध्य भागहरू नै रहेको छ। यो समूहले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घ|राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घको]] शाखा (शाखाहरू) जस्तै करिब २,५०० अखाडाहरू सञ्चालन गर्दछ। "बजरङ्ग" नाम [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] देवता [[हनुमान|हनुमानको]] सन्दर्भ हो। बजरङ्ग दलको नारा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा, संस्कार'' वा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा र संस्कृति'' हो। [[मथुरा|मथुराको]] कृष्णजन्मभूमि मन्दिरको स्थलमा [[राम मन्दिर, अयोध्या|राममन्दिर]] निर्माण गर्नु र [[बनारस|वाराणसीको]] [[काशी विश्वनाथ|काशी विश्वनाथ मन्दिरको]] विस्तार गर्नु पनि दलको मुख्य उद्देश्य हो, जुन अहिले विवादित पूजास्थल छन्। बजरङ्ग दलले [[मुसलमान|मुस्लिम]] जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय वृद्धि, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear|date=26 October 2011}}</ref> षडयन्त्रपूर्ण र डर धमकीद्वारा गराइने धर्म परिवर्तन, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Leela |date=April 2011 |title=Unsettled Territories: State, Civil Society, and the Politics of Religious Conversion in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/12142142 |journal=Politics and Religion |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=108–135 |doi=10.1017/S1755048310000490 |s2cid=144982565 |access-date=16 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> गाई हत्या, र हिन्दु संस्कृति माथिको प्रहारको विरोध गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities|date=18 October 2019|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/23655/9781138493803_text.pdf|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> == विचारधारा र एजेन्डा == [[चित्र:Bajrang_Dal_Aloysius.jpg|पाठ=Bajrang Dal members protesting at St. Aloysius College, Mangaluru|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार| बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरू मङ्गलुरुको सेन्ट एलोसियस कलेजमा प्रदर्शन गर्दै]] बजरङ्ग दल हिन्दूवादी सङ्गठन हो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/will-be-beaten-right-wing-groups-christmas-threat-for-hindus-in-assam-2334606|title="Will Be Beaten": Right-Wing Group's Christmas Threat For Hindus In Assam|date=5 December 2020|work=NDTV.com|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Facebook_Scroll">{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/981158/facebook-did-not-ban-bajrang-dal-due-to-concern-for-employees-safety-business-prospects-report|title=Facebook did not ban Bajrang Dal due to concern for employees' safety, business prospects: Report|last=Scroll Staff|date=14 December 2021|work=Scroll.in|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Deccan Facebook">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/why-facebook-is-on-the-fence-about-banning-bajrang-dal-927238.html|title=Why Facebook is on the fence about banning Bajrang Dal|date=14 December 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=5 January 2021|language=en}}</ref> [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) सँगसँगै, सङ्गठनले भारतमा इस्लामिक आतंकवादको बिरुद्ध बोलेको छ र घोषणा गरेको छ कि उनीहरूले देशभरि सचेतना अभियानहरू सञ्चालन गर्ने छन्। उनीहरूले भनेका छन् कि इस्लामिक आतंकवादीहरू भारतमा सर्वसाधारण जनतामा लुकेका छन् र उनीहरूलाई पर्दाफास गर्ने उद्देश्य छन्।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct312006/district17225420061030.asp Terror:VHP plans awareness jatha],''Deccan Herald''</ref> संयोजक प्रकाश शर्माले जोड दिए कि उनीहरूले कुनै विशेष समुदायलाई लक्षित गर्दैनन्, तर भारतका जनतालाई, विशेष गरी युवाहरूलाई आतंकवादको खतराबाट "जागृत" गर्न खोजिरहेका थिए। आतंकवादी समूह लश्कर-ए-तोयबा।<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021021/ldh1.htm#6 Bajrang Dal launches campaign],''The Tribune''</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|title=Three get death for Akshardham attack|date=2 June 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> बजरङ्ग दलले गौ हत्या विरुद्ध विहिप को अडान साझा गरेको छ र यसलाई प्रतिबन्धको प्रस्तावलाई समर्थन गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr192005/district1941312005418.asp Cow slaughter: Bajrang Dal dubs Forum’s stand anti-Hindu],''Deccan Herald''</ref> [[गुजरात]] शाखा सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विरोधी आन्दोलनको अग्रभागमा छ। यसको उद्देश्य मुस्लिमद्वारा गरिने हिन्दु महिलाको शोषण, धर्म परिवर्तन गर्नका लागि गरिने षड्यन्त्र रोक्नु हो। == सामाजिक मिडिया उपस्थिति == बजरङ्ग दल [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल|सामाजिक सञ्जालमा]] सक्रिय छ। [[फेसबुक|फेसबुकको]] सुरक्षा टोलीले यसलाई दक्षिणपन्थी सङ्गठन सनातन संस्था र श्री राम सेनासँग ट्याग गरेको छ। सामाजिक सञ्जालमा आफ्नो उपस्थिती र नागरिक को सहज पहुँच स्थापित गरि धार्मिक बिचारका कारण हिन्दूहरूले शोषण सहनु नपरोस् , त्यसका लागि आफ्नो सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गरेको छ। == विवाद र आलोचना == [[बाबरी मस्जिद]] ध्वस्त भएपछि राव सरकारले सन् १९९२ मा बजरङ्ग दलमाथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो तर एक वर्षपछि उक्त प्रतिबन्ध हटाइएको थियो।<ref name="bajrangdalban1992"/> विहिप नेता, प्रविण तोगडिया, अप्रिल २००३ मा अजमेरमा बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई प्रतिबन्ध र निषेधाज्ञाको अवहेलना गर्दै त्रिशूल बाँडेपछि गिरफ्तार गरिएको थियो। उनले भारतको [[राजस्थान]] राज्यमा आगामी विधानसभा चुनाव त्रिशूलको मुद्दामा लड्ने दाबी गर्दै सत्तारुढ [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] पार्टीलाई चुनावी लाभका लागि मुस्लिमहरूलाई "थप" गरेकोमा आक्रमण गरे। उनले घटनाका कारण भएको प्रचारप्रसारप्रति सन्तुष्टि व्यक्त गरे। ‘सामाजिक प्रहरी’ बनेर कयौँपटक बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताले [[प्रणय दिवस|भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा]] अविवाहित जोडीलाई दुव्र्यवहार गर्दै उनीहरूको इच्छाविपरीत [[सिन्दुर|सिन्दूर]] लगाउन वा राखी [[साउन शुक्ल पूर्णिमा|बाँध्न]] बाध्य पारेका छन्। कार्यकर्ताहरूले प्रायः हिंसा, उपहार पसल र रेस्टुरेन्टहरूमा आक्रमण गर्ने र भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिने गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|title=On V-Day, Bajrang Dal men force couple to get 'married'|last=Gupta|first=Suchandana|date=15 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2004 |title=Sena, Bajrang Dal act spoilers on Valentine's Day |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/14vday.htm |access-date=2012-11-26 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|title=Bajrang Dal protests against Valentine's Day|date=15 February 2008|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220075907/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|archive-date=20 February 2008|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, हिन्दु देवताहरूको अपमान र न्यूलाइफ मिसनरीहरूले गरेको धर्म परिवर्तनको विरोधमा बजरङ्ग दलले न्यूलाइफ क्रिश्चियन चर्चहरू र प्रार्थना हलहरू विरुद्ध कर्नाटकमा आक्रमणहरूको नयाँ लहर निर्देशित गरेको थियो। पछि [[भारत सरकार|भारतको सङ्घीय सरकारले]] राज्य सरकारको कडा आलोचना गरेपछि संयोजक महेन्द्रकुमारले आक्रमणमा आफूहरू जिम्मेवार नभएको सार्वजनिक घोषणा गरेपछि पनि पक्राउ परेका थिए। थप रुपमा, अल्पसङ्ख्यकहरूको लागि राष्ट्रिय आयोगले पनि भाजपा शासित राज्य कर्नाटक र [[ओडिसा|ओडिशामा]] धार्मिक हिंसाको लागि उनीहरूलाई दोषी ठहराएको छ।<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Christians_Sangh_Parivars_new_target/articleshow/3505720.cms Christians: The Sangh Parivar's new target] The Economic Times – 20 September 2008</ref> तर, केही प्रहरी रिपोर्टहरूले बजरङ्ग दल ''आफैँ'' संलग्न नभएको र विप्लव समूहले आक्रमण गरेको दाबी गरेको छ। २ नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा, नैतिक प्रहरीको बिरुद्ध किस अफ लभको विरोधको क्रममा, बजरङ्ग दल, [[शिव सेना]], [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] र अन्य धेरै दक्षिणपन्थी समूहका सदस्यहरूले विरोध गरेका थिए र प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई आक्रमण गरे र सडकमा चुम्बन गर्ने प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई हटाउने धम्की दिए। यी विपक्षी समूहहरूले सार्वजनिक रुपमा स्नेहको प्रदर्शन भारतीय संस्कृति र भूमिको कानून (भारतीय दण्ड संहिताको धारा २९४ अन्तर्गत) दुवै विरुद्ध भएको दाबी गरे। २०१५ देखि, बजरङ्ग दल र विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्ले गाईको सुरक्षालाई बढावा दिएको र त्यसमा संलग्न भएको आरोप लगाइएको छ, मानव अधिकार समूहहरूले यस्ता कार्यहरूलाई प्रवर्द्धन र समर्थन गरेकोमा धेरै राज्य सरकारहरूको आलोचना गरेका छन्, आँखा चिम्लेर पनि। प्रहरी अधिकारीहरूलाई गौ संरक्षण समूहका सदस्यहरूले यस्ता घटनाहरूमा हस्तक्षेप गर्न वा गोरक्षकहरूलाई पक्राउ गर्न धम्की दिएका छन्। उत्तर प्रदेशमा लभ जिहादलाई रोक्नको लागि गैरकानूनी धर्म परिवर्तन अध्यादेश, २०२० लागु भएपभएपछी पर्यावेक्षकको रुपमा काम गरिरहेको बजरङ्ग दल, षडयन्त्रपूर्ण हुने अन्तर-धार्मिक विवाह रोक्नको लागि निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ मा, भ्यालेन्टाइन डेको अवसरमा, बजरङ्ग दलका धेरै सदस्यहरूले हैदराबाद र आगरामा विरोध प्रदर्शन गरे। वेलेंटाइन डेको नाममा हुने गैरसामाजिक क्रियाकलापको विरोध गरेकोले निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ को शुरुवातमा, भारतमा दक्षिणपन्थी [[हिन्दुत्व]] समूहका सदस्यहरूले भारतमा हलाल खानाको बिक्रीको विरोध गरेका छन्। बजरङ्ग दल, विश्व हिन्दु परिषद् र अन्य हिन्दुत्व समूहहरूले कर्नाटकमा घर-घर अभियान चलाइरहेका थिए, मानिसहरूलाई हलाल मासु नकिन आग्रह गर्दै। १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा, बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई भ्यालेन्टाइन डे मनाउन विरुद्ध राष्ट्रभरका जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिएको, उनीहरूलाई शारीरिक रुपमा आक्रमण गरेको आरोप र आलोचना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal opposes Valentines Day Festivities in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/bajrang-dal-opposes-valentine-s-day-festivities-in-karnataka-1190500.html}}</ref> फरीदाबादका केही स्थानीय नागरिकहरूले कथित रुपमा केही बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई पार्कमा बसिरहेका एक जोडीलाई आक्रमण गरेको आरोपमा कुटपिट गरेका छन्, पुलिस अनुसन्धानलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faridabad locals thrash Bajrang Dal activists after they harass married couple on Valentine's Day, videos viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/faridabad-married-couple-attacked-by-bajrang-dal-viral-videos-activists-valentines-day-2334921-2023-02-15}}</ref> १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा राजस्थानको [[भरतपुर जिल्ला|भरतपुर जिल्लाको]] घाटमीका गाउँका २ मुस्लिम पुरुषहरूलाई छिमेकी राज्य हरियाणाका बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरूले गाई चोरी गरेको कारणकुटपिट गरेका थिए। यस घटनालाई एनजीओ र बिपक्षी दलका नेताहरूले तथा मुस्लिम संस्थाहरूले हत्याको गरिएको रुपमा प्रचार गरेका थिए। == प्रतिबन्धको माग == सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] (INC) ले बजरङ्ग दल र [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन माग गर्‍यो तथापी INC ले आफ्नो वोट बैंकलाइ खुश पार्नका लागि यो मांग गरेको थियो। प्रायः मुस्लिम आतंकवादीहरु र कट्टर मुस्लिमहरूले मुस्लिमहरूको लक्ष्य "गजवा ए हिन्द" को रुकावटको रुपमा हेर्छन्। ५ अक्टोबर २००८ मा, भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्रीले ओडिशा र कर्नाटकमा क्रिश्चियन र ईसाई संस्थाहरूमा निरन्तर हमलाहरूका लागि बजरङ्ग दल र विहिप माथि सम्भावित प्रतिबन्धबारे छलफल गर्न विशेष मन्त्रिपरिषद्् बैठक बोलाए।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201101639/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/nation/story_9930126.jsp Cabinet to discuss Bajrang, VHP ban] The Telegraph</ref> बजरङ्ग दल र ओडिशाका अध्यक्ष प्रतापचन्द्र सारंगीमाथि ग्राहम स्टेन्स हत्या प्रकरणमा संलग्नता रहेको आरोप लागेको छ। यद्यपि, आरोपहरूको लागि कुनै प्रमाण स्थापित भएको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal Minister Fights Staines Controversy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bajrang-dal-minister-battles-staines-controversy/cid/1691621 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> == अध्यक्षहरूको सूची == {| class="wikitable" !S. नं. ! नाम ! अवधि |- | १. | विनय कटियार | |- | २. | जयभान सिंह पवैया | |- | ३. | सुरेश जैन | |- | ४. | प्रकाश शर्मा | |- | ५. | सुवास चौहान | |- | ६. | राजेश पाण्डे | |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दुत्व]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] rfbbwwn4dvixnsm2egyt0vqp3f4yxm3 1368011 1368010 2026-07-31T03:36:21Z ~2026-42510-27 80053 1368011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Bajrang Dal | native_name = | native_name_lang = | logo = Bajrang Dal logo.jpg | logo_size = | logo_alt = | caption = Logo of Bajrang Dal | other_name = | founder = | leader = [[Pravin Togadia]] | founding_leader = | military_leader = | political_leader = | spokesperson = | founded = 8 October 1984, in [[Uttar Pradesh]] | dates_active = 1984 – present | dissolved = | merger = | split_from = | merged_into = | split_to = | country = | allegiance = [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] | clans = | headquarters = | newspaper = | active_regions = | ideology = {{Plainlist| * [[Hindutva]] * [[Hindu nationalism]] * [[Islamophobia]] * [[Anti-Christian sentiment]] * [[Opposition to LGBTQ rights|Anti-LGBTQ sentiment]] }} | position = [[Far-right]] | anthem = | status = Active | size = | revenue = | part_of = | war = | website = | preceded_by = | succeeded_by = | module = }}{{Infobox organization | name = बजरङ्ग दल | logo = File:Bajrang Dal logo.jpg | logo_size = 200px | logo_caption = Logo of Bajrang Dal | formation = {{start date and age|1984|10|08|p=y|df=yes}} (उत्तर प्रदेश) | purpose = विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्को युवा दस्ता | headquarters = [[नयाँ दिल्ली]], [[भारत]] | region = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] | leader_title = Head | leader_name = नीरज डोनेरिया | parent_organization = [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] | website = {{url|https://vhp.org/bajrang_dal/}} }} '''बजरङ्ग दल''' एक [[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद|हिन्दु राष्ट्रवादी]] {{Refn|<ref name="Eko 2016">{{cite book |last1=Eko |first1=Lyombe |title=The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery: From Clay Tablets to Tablet Computers |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |date=April 29, 2016 |isbn=978-1-137-55098-9 |pages=77–86 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303441330 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137550989 |url-access=limited |access-date=17 February 2021 |via=[[ResearchGate]] |doi=10.1057/9781137550989_6 |language=en |chapter=Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery in India |quote=The Bajrang Dal (the Brigade of Hanuman, the Hindu monkey god) is a militant, Hindu nationalist organization in India. It is famous for its cow protection activities (i.e., saving cows, which are considered sacred in Hinduism, from slaughter).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Valiani |first1=Arafaat A. |title=Militant publics in India: Physical culture and violence in the making of a modern polity |date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-230-37063-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XLHAAAAQBAJ |page=180 |accessdate=17 February 2021 |url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]] |quote=In 2002, almost 2,000 Muslims were killed in carefully planned attacks by the VHP and the Bajrang Dal. The state was governed by the BJP in 2002, and some BJP representatives brazenly justified and abetted the violence.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Parashar |first1=Swati |title=Women and Militant Wars: The politics of injury |date=March 5, 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-134-11606-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoH8AgAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]] |url-access=limited |quote=The Sangh Parivar (literally known as the Sangh family) includes groups such as the Rashtriye Swayamsewak Sangh, the Bajrang Dal, Shiv Sena and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. They articulate a militant Hindu nationalist politics, opposing the Muslim 'other'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alter |first1=Joseph S. |authorlink=Joseph Alter |title=Somatic Nationalism: Indian Wrestling and Militant Hinduism |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |date=1994 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=557–588 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00011860 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/313044 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 February 2021 |issn=0026-749X |via=[[JSTOR]] |jstor=313044 |s2cid=146291615 |quote=It would be anathema for the leaders of such militant groups as the RSS, Shiva Sena, and Bajrang Dal, to let a Muslim 'voice' speak to the issue of what is lacking among Hindus, much less turn—even nominally—to an Islamic model of civility to define the terms of Hindu self development.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Dibyesh |title=Anxious Sexualities: Masculinity, Nationalism and Violence |journal=[[British Journal of Politics and International Relations]] |date=May 2007 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766 |url=https://www.academia.edu/25169782 |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]] |quote=Amrish Ji, a leader of a militant organisation ''Bajrang Dal'', in a public speech accused Muslims of treating {{'}}''Bharat Mata''{{'}} ('Mother India') as a {{'}}''dayan''{{'}} ('witch') (Amrish Ji 2005).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jerryson |first1=Michael |title=Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World |date=July 15, 2020 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-4408-5991-5 |page=275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfjtDwAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Google Books]]|language=en |url-access=limited |quote=The magazine ''Tehelka'' carried out a six-month undercover investigation in 2007 that resulted in video evidence that the riots were organized and supported by Gujarat police and Chief Minister Modi. The video also implicated several members of the Bajrang Dal (a militant Hindu nationalist group) and the BJP (one of India's main political parties).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC|url-access=limited|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=2010|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=9789380607047|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In May–June, the VHP provided itself with an organization, which assembled young Hindu militants, the Bajrang Dal. Its founder, Vinay Katiyar, had until then been a ''pracharak'' of the RSS. However, the Bajrang Dal proved to be less disciplined than the RSS and its violent utterances as well as actions were to precipitate many communal riots.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxuJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119|page=119|url-access=limited|title=State and Civil Society under Siege: Hindutva, Security and Militarism in India|last1=Joshy|first1=P. M.|last2=Seethi|first2=K. M.|date=15 September 2015|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]|isbn=9789351503835|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Perhaps the most recent and controversial one emerged in the Sangh family is Bajrang Dal. The VHP was instrumental in the creation of the Bajrang Dal, which is a militant organisation based on the ideology of Hindutva.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEUdPqYQjhoC&pg=PA47|title=Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India|last=Ludden|first=David|date=1996-04-01|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|isbn=0812215850|page=47|language=en|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Conspicuous in all coverage of the Rath Yatra were young men holding primitive weapons like bows and tridents. Here it was the young militants of the youth wing of the VHP, the Bajrang Dal, who challenged the BJP elders.}}</ref><ref name="Katju 2003">{{cite book|first=Manjari|last=Katju|title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b70nKb-8YuMC&pg=PA52|year=2003|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=978-81-250-2476-7|page=52|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The local-level activism involving the Bajrang Dal took different forms, ranging from a visible presence and participation in public rituals like Durga pooja and Dussehera, to socio-religious policing. Its aggressive participation in the Ayodhya dispute as a subsidiary of the VHP brought it forward as a militant organisation.}}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson 2005">{{cite book|first=Steven|last=Wilkinson|title=Religious Politics and Communal Violence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARCnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=310|isbn=978-0-19-567237-4|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In the summer of 1984, Vinay Katiya, an RSS pracharak, formed the Bajrang Dal in Uttar Pradesh as a militant youth wing of the VHP, with the intention of recruiting young underemployed men from the lower castes for militant and daring action in conjunction with the ensuing battle for the Hindu nation that the VHP envisaged.}}</ref><ref name="Dossani & Rowen 2005">{{cite book|first=Robert L. Jr.|last=Hardgrave|editor-first1=Rafiq|editor-last1=Dossani|editor-first2=Henry S.|editor-last2=Rowen|editor-link2=Harry Rowen|title=Prospects for Peace in South Asia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwO9zmj6aQ0C&pg=PA202|chapter-url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8047-5085-1|page=202|chapter=Hindu Nationalism and the BJP: Transforming Religion and Politics in India|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Construction of the Ram temple at Ayodhya might remain the focus of the VHP, but the destruction of the mosque and the violence that followed alarmed many among the BJP's middle-class supporters. Fearing both alienation of major segments in its base of support and domination by the increasingly militant VHP and Bajrang Dal, the BJP once again shifted emphasis in its strategies of pragmatism and mobilization.}}</ref><ref name="Modernizing Democracy">{{cite book|first1=Terry F.|last1=Buss|first2=F. Stevens|last2=Redburn|first3=Kristina|last3=Guo|title=Modernizing Democracy: Innovations in Citizen Participation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsQ5H0225YkC&pg=PA296|year=2006|publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]]|isbn=978-0-7656-2180-1|page=296|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=Bajrang Dal. Militant youth organization associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.}}</ref><ref name="Hinduism and Law">{{cite book|first1=Timothy|last1=Lubin|first2=Donald R. Jr.|last2=Davis|first3=Jayanth K.|last3=Krishnan|title=Hinduism and Law: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtuhClbfL7EC&pg=PA236|date=21 October 2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-139-49358-1|page=236|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The Bajrang Dal is the militant youth wing of the VHP and was formed in 1984.}}</ref><ref name="Bauman 2015">{{cite book|first=Chad M.|last=Bauman|title=Pentecostals, Proselytization, and Anti-Christian Violence in Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoFxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|date=2 February 2015|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-026631-8|page=15|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The most important of these, in terms of conflict between Hindus and Christians, are the Akhil Bharatiya Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, or ABVKA ("All-India Forest-Dweller's Welfare Center," founded in 1952), the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, or VHP ("World Hindu Council," founded in 1964), the VHP's militant youth wing, the Bajrang Dal, or ("Bajrang Party," founded in 1984), and the political party that became, in 1980, the Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP ("Indian People's Party").}}</ref><ref name="Basu 2015">{{cite book|first=Amrita|last=Basu|authorlink=Amrita Basu|title=Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|date=30 June 2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-08963-1|page=164|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=There was an unprecedented convergence of forces that heightened Hindu nationalist militancy and violence: an active RSS presence within civil society; high levels of coordination between the RSS, VHP, BJP, and militant Bajrang Dal; a cohesive political party; a BJP state government with ties to the bureaucracy and law enforcement agencies; and an NDA government at the center.}}</ref><ref name="Mankekar 1999">{{cite book|first=Purnima|last=Mankekar|title=Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZf8wmVdpaIC&pg=PA179|year=1999|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|isbn=0-8223-2390-7|page=179|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Militant organizations such as the Bajrang Dal, with its loyal following among the lumpen proletariat, further widened the class base of right-wing organizations such as the Bharatiya Janata Party, traditionally a stronghold of the urban petite bourgeoisie.}}</ref><ref name="Kochanek & Hardgrave 2007">{{cite book|first1=Stanley A.|last1=Kochanek|first2=Robert L.|last2=Hardgrave|title=India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation|date=30 January 2007|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-495-00749-4|page=206|quote=Distinct from both the RSS and the VHP, the militant Bajrang Dal has been closely associated with the VHP in the movement to "liberate" Hindu holy shrines at Ayodhya and other sites where mosques now stand. The Dal is one of many senas, the armed gangs that have been described as the face of Hindu fascism.}}</ref><ref name="HRW 2003">{{cite book|chapter=India|chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/pdf/india.pdf|title=Human Rights Watch World Report, 2003|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/|year=2003|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|isbn=978-1-56432-285-2|page=237|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The groups most directly responsible for this violence against Muslims included the VHP, the Bajrang Dal (the militant youth wing of the VHP), and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (National Volunteer Corps, RSS), collectively forming the ''sangh parivar'' (or "family" of Hindu nationalist groups).}}</ref><ref name="BBC_2016">{{cite news |title=Inside a far-right Hindu 'self defence' training camp |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-36415080 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=1 June 2016 |quote=They are conducted by the Bajrang Dal, a militant Hindu organisation that traces its origins from the days of the infamous Babri Mosque demolition movement in the temple town of Ayodhya.}}</ref>}} सङ्गठन हो जसले [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद]] (विहिप) को युवा शाखा बनाउँछ। यस सङ्गठनको विचारधारा [[हिन्दुत्व|हिन्दुत्वमा]] आधारित छ।<ref name="Anand 2007">{{Cite journal |last=Anand |first=Dibyesh |date=2007 |title=Anxious sexualities: Masculinity, nationalism and violence |journal=The British Journal of Politics & International Relations |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766}}</ref><ref name="TOI/">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|title=Bajrang Dal: The militant face of the saffron family?|last=Deshpande|first=Rajeev|date=30 September 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> यो १ अक्टोबर १९८४ मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेशमा]] स्थापना भएको थियो, र सन् २०१० को दसकमा भारतभर फैलियो, <ref name="bajrangdalban1992">{{Cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Dal v state |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/dal-vs-state/}}</ref> यद्यपि यसको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण आधार देशको उत्तरी र मध्य भागहरू नै रहेको छ। यो समूहले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घ|राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घको]] शाखा (शाखाहरू) जस्तै करिब २,५०० अखाडाहरू सञ्चालन गर्दछ। "बजरङ्ग" नाम [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] देवता [[हनुमान|हनुमानको]] सन्दर्भ हो। बजरङ्ग दलको नारा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा, संस्कार'' वा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा र संस्कृति'' हो। [[मथुरा|मथुराको]] कृष्णजन्मभूमि मन्दिरको स्थलमा [[राम मन्दिर, अयोध्या|राममन्दिर]] निर्माण गर्नु र [[बनारस|वाराणसीको]] [[काशी विश्वनाथ|काशी विश्वनाथ मन्दिरको]] विस्तार गर्नु पनि दलको मुख्य उद्देश्य हो, जुन अहिले विवादित पूजास्थल छन्। बजरङ्ग दलले [[मुसलमान|मुस्लिम]] जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय वृद्धि, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear|date=26 October 2011}}</ref> षडयन्त्रपूर्ण र डर धमकीद्वारा गराइने धर्म परिवर्तन, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Leela |date=April 2011 |title=Unsettled Territories: State, Civil Society, and the Politics of Religious Conversion in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/12142142 |journal=Politics and Religion |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=108–135 |doi=10.1017/S1755048310000490 |s2cid=144982565 |access-date=16 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> गाई हत्या, र हिन्दु संस्कृति माथिको प्रहारको विरोध गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities|date=18 October 2019|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/23655/9781138493803_text.pdf|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> == विचारधारा र एजेन्डा == [[चित्र:Bajrang_Dal_Aloysius.jpg|पाठ=Bajrang Dal members protesting at St. Aloysius College, Mangaluru|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार| बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरू मङ्गलुरुको सेन्ट एलोसियस कलेजमा प्रदर्शन गर्दै]] बजरङ्ग दल हिन्दूवादी सङ्गठन हो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/will-be-beaten-right-wing-groups-christmas-threat-for-hindus-in-assam-2334606|title="Will Be Beaten": Right-Wing Group's Christmas Threat For Hindus In Assam|date=5 December 2020|work=NDTV.com|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Facebook_Scroll">{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/981158/facebook-did-not-ban-bajrang-dal-due-to-concern-for-employees-safety-business-prospects-report|title=Facebook did not ban Bajrang Dal due to concern for employees' safety, business prospects: Report|last=Scroll Staff|date=14 December 2021|work=Scroll.in|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Deccan Facebook">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/why-facebook-is-on-the-fence-about-banning-bajrang-dal-927238.html|title=Why Facebook is on the fence about banning Bajrang Dal|date=14 December 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=5 January 2021|language=en}}</ref> [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) सँगसँगै, सङ्गठनले भारतमा इस्लामिक आतंकवादको बिरुद्ध बोलेको छ र घोषणा गरेको छ कि उनीहरूले देशभरि सचेतना अभियानहरू सञ्चालन गर्ने छन्। उनीहरूले भनेका छन् कि इस्लामिक आतंकवादीहरू भारतमा सर्वसाधारण जनतामा लुकेका छन् र उनीहरूलाई पर्दाफास गर्ने उद्देश्य छन्।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct312006/district17225420061030.asp Terror:VHP plans awareness jatha],''Deccan Herald''</ref> संयोजक प्रकाश शर्माले जोड दिए कि उनीहरूले कुनै विशेष समुदायलाई लक्षित गर्दैनन्, तर भारतका जनतालाई, विशेष गरी युवाहरूलाई आतंकवादको खतराबाट "जागृत" गर्न खोजिरहेका थिए। आतंकवादी समूह लश्कर-ए-तोयबा।<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021021/ldh1.htm#6 Bajrang Dal launches campaign],''The Tribune''</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|title=Three get death for Akshardham attack|date=2 June 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> बजरङ्ग दलले गौ हत्या विरुद्ध विहिप को अडान साझा गरेको छ र यसलाई प्रतिबन्धको प्रस्तावलाई समर्थन गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr192005/district1941312005418.asp Cow slaughter: Bajrang Dal dubs Forum’s stand anti-Hindu],''Deccan Herald''</ref> [[गुजरात]] शाखा सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विरोधी आन्दोलनको अग्रभागमा छ। यसको उद्देश्य मुस्लिमद्वारा गरिने हिन्दु महिलाको शोषण, धर्म परिवर्तन गर्नका लागि गरिने षड्यन्त्र रोक्नु हो। == सामाजिक मिडिया उपस्थिति == बजरङ्ग दल [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल|सामाजिक सञ्जालमा]] सक्रिय छ। [[फेसबुक|फेसबुकको]] सुरक्षा टोलीले यसलाई दक्षिणपन्थी सङ्गठन सनातन संस्था र श्री राम सेनासँग ट्याग गरेको छ। सामाजिक सञ्जालमा आफ्नो उपस्थिती र नागरिक को सहज पहुँच स्थापित गरि धार्मिक बिचारका कारण हिन्दूहरूले शोषण सहनु नपरोस् , त्यसका लागि आफ्नो सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गरेको छ। == विवाद र आलोचना == [[बाबरी मस्जिद]] ध्वस्त भएपछि राव सरकारले सन् १९९२ मा बजरङ्ग दलमाथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो तर एक वर्षपछि उक्त प्रतिबन्ध हटाइएको थियो।<ref name="bajrangdalban1992"/> विहिप नेता, प्रविण तोगडिया, अप्रिल २००३ मा अजमेरमा बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई प्रतिबन्ध र निषेधाज्ञाको अवहेलना गर्दै त्रिशूल बाँडेपछि गिरफ्तार गरिएको थियो। उनले भारतको [[राजस्थान]] राज्यमा आगामी विधानसभा चुनाव त्रिशूलको मुद्दामा लड्ने दाबी गर्दै सत्तारुढ [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] पार्टीलाई चुनावी लाभका लागि मुस्लिमहरूलाई "थप" गरेकोमा आक्रमण गरे। उनले घटनाका कारण भएको प्रचारप्रसारप्रति सन्तुष्टि व्यक्त गरे। ‘सामाजिक प्रहरी’ बनेर कयौँपटक बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताले [[प्रणय दिवस|भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा]] अविवाहित जोडीलाई दुव्र्यवहार गर्दै उनीहरूको इच्छाविपरीत [[सिन्दुर|सिन्दूर]] लगाउन वा राखी [[साउन शुक्ल पूर्णिमा|बाँध्न]] बाध्य पारेका छन्। कार्यकर्ताहरूले प्रायः हिंसा, उपहार पसल र रेस्टुरेन्टहरूमा आक्रमण गर्ने र भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिने गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|title=On V-Day, Bajrang Dal men force couple to get 'married'|last=Gupta|first=Suchandana|date=15 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2004 |title=Sena, Bajrang Dal act spoilers on Valentine's Day |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/14vday.htm |access-date=2012-11-26 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|title=Bajrang Dal protests against Valentine's Day|date=15 February 2008|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220075907/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|archive-date=20 February 2008|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, हिन्दु देवताहरूको अपमान र न्यूलाइफ मिसनरीहरूले गरेको धर्म परिवर्तनको विरोधमा बजरङ्ग दलले न्यूलाइफ क्रिश्चियन चर्चहरू र प्रार्थना हलहरू विरुद्ध कर्नाटकमा आक्रमणहरूको नयाँ लहर निर्देशित गरेको थियो। पछि [[भारत सरकार|भारतको सङ्घीय सरकारले]] राज्य सरकारको कडा आलोचना गरेपछि संयोजक महेन्द्रकुमारले आक्रमणमा आफूहरू जिम्मेवार नभएको सार्वजनिक घोषणा गरेपछि पनि पक्राउ परेका थिए। थप रुपमा, अल्पसङ्ख्यकहरूको लागि राष्ट्रिय आयोगले पनि भाजपा शासित राज्य कर्नाटक र [[ओडिसा|ओडिशामा]] धार्मिक हिंसाको लागि उनीहरूलाई दोषी ठहराएको छ।<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Christians_Sangh_Parivars_new_target/articleshow/3505720.cms Christians: The Sangh Parivar's new target] The Economic Times – 20 September 2008</ref> तर, केही प्रहरी रिपोर्टहरूले बजरङ्ग दल ''आफैँ'' संलग्न नभएको र विप्लव समूहले आक्रमण गरेको दाबी गरेको छ। २ नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा, नैतिक प्रहरीको बिरुद्ध किस अफ लभको विरोधको क्रममा, बजरङ्ग दल, [[शिव सेना]], [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] र अन्य धेरै दक्षिणपन्थी समूहका सदस्यहरूले विरोध गरेका थिए र प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई आक्रमण गरे र सडकमा चुम्बन गर्ने प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई हटाउने धम्की दिए। यी विपक्षी समूहहरूले सार्वजनिक रुपमा स्नेहको प्रदर्शन भारतीय संस्कृति र भूमिको कानून (भारतीय दण्ड संहिताको धारा २९४ अन्तर्गत) दुवै विरुद्ध भएको दाबी गरे। २०१५ देखि, बजरङ्ग दल र विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्ले गाईको सुरक्षालाई बढावा दिएको र त्यसमा संलग्न भएको आरोप लगाइएको छ, मानव अधिकार समूहहरूले यस्ता कार्यहरूलाई प्रवर्द्धन र समर्थन गरेकोमा धेरै राज्य सरकारहरूको आलोचना गरेका छन्, आँखा चिम्लेर पनि। प्रहरी अधिकारीहरूलाई गौ संरक्षण समूहका सदस्यहरूले यस्ता घटनाहरूमा हस्तक्षेप गर्न वा गोरक्षकहरूलाई पक्राउ गर्न धम्की दिएका छन्। उत्तर प्रदेशमा लभ जिहादलाई रोक्नको लागि गैरकानूनी धर्म परिवर्तन अध्यादेश, २०२० लागु भएपभएपछी पर्यावेक्षकको रुपमा काम गरिरहेको बजरङ्ग दल, षडयन्त्रपूर्ण हुने अन्तर-धार्मिक विवाह रोक्नको लागि निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ मा, भ्यालेन्टाइन डेको अवसरमा, बजरङ्ग दलका धेरै सदस्यहरूले हैदराबाद र आगरामा विरोध प्रदर्शन गरे। वेलेंटाइन डेको नाममा हुने गैरसामाजिक क्रियाकलापको विरोध गरेकोले निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ को शुरुवातमा, भारतमा दक्षिणपन्थी [[हिन्दुत्व]] समूहका सदस्यहरूले भारतमा हलाल खानाको बिक्रीको विरोध गरेका छन्। बजरङ्ग दल, विश्व हिन्दु परिषद् र अन्य हिन्दुत्व समूहहरूले कर्नाटकमा घर-घर अभियान चलाइरहेका थिए, मानिसहरूलाई हलाल मासु नकिन आग्रह गर्दै। १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा, बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई भ्यालेन्टाइन डे मनाउन विरुद्ध राष्ट्रभरका जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिएको, उनीहरूलाई शारीरिक रुपमा आक्रमण गरेको आरोप र आलोचना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal opposes Valentines Day Festivities in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/bajrang-dal-opposes-valentine-s-day-festivities-in-karnataka-1190500.html}}</ref> फरीदाबादका केही स्थानीय नागरिकहरूले कथित रुपमा केही बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई पार्कमा बसिरहेका एक जोडीलाई आक्रमण गरेको आरोपमा कुटपिट गरेका छन्, पुलिस अनुसन्धानलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faridabad locals thrash Bajrang Dal activists after they harass married couple on Valentine's Day, videos viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/faridabad-married-couple-attacked-by-bajrang-dal-viral-videos-activists-valentines-day-2334921-2023-02-15}}</ref> १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा राजस्थानको [[भरतपुर जिल्ला|भरतपुर जिल्लाको]] घाटमीका गाउँका २ मुस्लिम पुरुषहरूलाई छिमेकी राज्य हरियाणाका बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरूले गाई चोरी गरेको कारणकुटपिट गरेका थिए। यस घटनालाई एनजीओ र बिपक्षी दलका नेताहरूले तथा मुस्लिम संस्थाहरूले हत्याको गरिएको रुपमा प्रचार गरेका थिए। == प्रतिबन्धको माग == सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] (INC) ले बजरङ्ग दल र [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन माग गर्‍यो तथापी INC ले आफ्नो वोट बैंकलाइ खुश पार्नका लागि यो मांग गरेको थियो। प्रायः मुस्लिम आतंकवादीहरु र कट्टर मुस्लिमहरूले मुस्लिमहरूको लक्ष्य "गजवा ए हिन्द" को रुकावटको रुपमा हेर्छन्। ५ अक्टोबर २००८ मा, भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्रीले ओडिशा र कर्नाटकमा क्रिश्चियन र ईसाई संस्थाहरूमा निरन्तर हमलाहरूका लागि बजरङ्ग दल र विहिप माथि सम्भावित प्रतिबन्धबारे छलफल गर्न विशेष मन्त्रिपरिषद्् बैठक बोलाए।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201101639/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/nation/story_9930126.jsp Cabinet to discuss Bajrang, VHP ban] The Telegraph</ref> बजरङ्ग दल र ओडिशाका अध्यक्ष प्रतापचन्द्र सारंगीमाथि ग्राहम स्टेन्स हत्या प्रकरणमा संलग्नता रहेको आरोप लागेको छ। यद्यपि, आरोपहरूको लागि कुनै प्रमाण स्थापित भएको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal Minister Fights Staines Controversy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bajrang-dal-minister-battles-staines-controversy/cid/1691621 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> == अध्यक्षहरूको सूची == {| class="wikitable" !S. नं. ! नाम ! अवधि |- | १. | विनय कटियार | |- | २. | जयभान सिंह पवैया | |- | ३. | सुरेश जैन | |- | ४. | प्रकाश शर्मा | |- | ५. | सुवास चौहान | |- | ६. | राजेश पाण्डे | |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दुत्व]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 2czdzug6g5ksg3k4pwy8o98op1wimzb 1368012 1368011 2026-07-31T03:37:19Z ~2026-42510-27 80053 1368012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = बजरङ्ग दल | logo = File:Bajrang Dal logo.jpg | logo_size = 200px | logo_caption = Logo of Bajrang Dal | formation = {{start date and age|1984|10|08|p=y|df=yes}} (उत्तर प्रदेश) | purpose = विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्को युवा दस्ता | headquarters = [[नयाँ दिल्ली]], [[भारत]] | region = [[भारत]] | language = [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] | leader_title = Head | leader_name = नीरज डोनेरिया | parent_organization = [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] | website = {{url|https://vhp.org/bajrang_dal/}} }} '''बजरङ्ग दल''' एक [[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद|हिन्दु राष्ट्रवादी]] {{Refn|<ref name="Eko 2016">{{cite book |last1=Eko |first1=Lyombe |title=The Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery: From Clay Tablets to Tablet Computers |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |date=April 29, 2016 |isbn=978-1-137-55098-9 |pages=77–86 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303441330 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137550989 |url-access=limited |access-date=17 February 2021 |via=[[ResearchGate]] |doi=10.1057/9781137550989_6 |language=en |chapter=Regulation of Sex-Themed Visual Imagery in India |quote=The Bajrang Dal (the Brigade of Hanuman, the Hindu monkey god) is a militant, Hindu nationalist organization in India. It is famous for its cow protection activities (i.e., saving cows, which are considered sacred in Hinduism, from slaughter).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Valiani |first1=Arafaat A. |title=Militant publics in India: Physical culture and violence in the making of a modern polity |date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-230-37063-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XLHAAAAQBAJ |page=180 |accessdate=17 February 2021 |url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]] |quote=In 2002, almost 2,000 Muslims were killed in carefully planned attacks by the VHP and the Bajrang Dal. The state was governed by the BJP in 2002, and some BJP representatives brazenly justified and abetted the violence.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Parashar |first1=Swati |title=Women and Militant Wars: The politics of injury |date=March 5, 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-134-11606-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoH8AgAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]] |url-access=limited |quote=The Sangh Parivar (literally known as the Sangh family) includes groups such as the Rashtriye Swayamsewak Sangh, the Bajrang Dal, Shiv Sena and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. They articulate a militant Hindu nationalist politics, opposing the Muslim 'other'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alter |first1=Joseph S. |authorlink=Joseph Alter |title=Somatic Nationalism: Indian Wrestling and Militant Hinduism |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |date=1994 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=557–588 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00011860 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/313044 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 February 2021 |issn=0026-749X |via=[[JSTOR]] |jstor=313044 |s2cid=146291615 |quote=It would be anathema for the leaders of such militant groups as the RSS, Shiva Sena, and Bajrang Dal, to let a Muslim 'voice' speak to the issue of what is lacking among Hindus, much less turn—even nominally—to an Islamic model of civility to define the terms of Hindu self development.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anand |first1=Dibyesh |title=Anxious Sexualities: Masculinity, Nationalism and Violence |journal=[[British Journal of Politics and International Relations]] |date=May 2007 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766 |url=https://www.academia.edu/25169782 |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]] |quote=Amrish Ji, a leader of a militant organisation ''Bajrang Dal'', in a public speech accused Muslims of treating {{'}}''Bharat Mata''{{'}} ('Mother India') as a {{'}}''dayan''{{'}} ('witch') (Amrish Ji 2005).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jerryson |first1=Michael |title=Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World |date=July 15, 2020 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-4408-5991-5 |page=275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfjtDwAAQBAJ |access-date=13 February 2021 |via=[[Google Books]]|language=en |url-access=limited |quote=The magazine ''Tehelka'' carried out a six-month undercover investigation in 2007 that resulted in video evidence that the riots were organized and supported by Gujarat police and Chief Minister Modi. The video also implicated several members of the Bajrang Dal (a militant Hindu nationalist group) and the BJP (one of India's main political parties).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC|url-access=limited|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|authorlink=Christophe Jaffrelot|date=2010|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=9789380607047|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In May–June, the VHP provided itself with an organization, which assembled young Hindu militants, the Bajrang Dal. Its founder, Vinay Katiyar, had until then been a ''pracharak'' of the RSS. However, the Bajrang Dal proved to be less disciplined than the RSS and its violent utterances as well as actions were to precipitate many communal riots.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxuJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119|page=119|url-access=limited|title=State and Civil Society under Siege: Hindutva, Security and Militarism in India|last1=Joshy|first1=P. M.|last2=Seethi|first2=K. M.|date=15 September 2015|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]|isbn=9789351503835|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Perhaps the most recent and controversial one emerged in the Sangh family is Bajrang Dal. The VHP was instrumental in the creation of the Bajrang Dal, which is a militant organisation based on the ideology of Hindutva.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEUdPqYQjhoC&pg=PA47|title=Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India|last=Ludden|first=David|date=1996-04-01|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|isbn=0812215850|page=47|language=en|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Conspicuous in all coverage of the Rath Yatra were young men holding primitive weapons like bows and tridents. Here it was the young militants of the youth wing of the VHP, the Bajrang Dal, who challenged the BJP elders.}}</ref><ref name="Katju 2003">{{cite book|first=Manjari|last=Katju|title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b70nKb-8YuMC&pg=PA52|year=2003|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|isbn=978-81-250-2476-7|page=52|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The local-level activism involving the Bajrang Dal took different forms, ranging from a visible presence and participation in public rituals like Durga pooja and Dussehera, to socio-religious policing. Its aggressive participation in the Ayodhya dispute as a subsidiary of the VHP brought it forward as a militant organisation.}}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson 2005">{{cite book|first=Steven|last=Wilkinson|title=Religious Politics and Communal Violence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARCnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=310|isbn=978-0-19-567237-4|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=In the summer of 1984, Vinay Katiya, an RSS pracharak, formed the Bajrang Dal in Uttar Pradesh as a militant youth wing of the VHP, with the intention of recruiting young underemployed men from the lower castes for militant and daring action in conjunction with the ensuing battle for the Hindu nation that the VHP envisaged.}}</ref><ref name="Dossani & Rowen 2005">{{cite book|first=Robert L. Jr.|last=Hardgrave|editor-first1=Rafiq|editor-last1=Dossani|editor-first2=Henry S.|editor-last2=Rowen|editor-link2=Harry Rowen|title=Prospects for Peace in South Asia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwO9zmj6aQ0C&pg=PA202|chapter-url-access=limited|year=2005|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8047-5085-1|page=202|chapter=Hindu Nationalism and the BJP: Transforming Religion and Politics in India|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Construction of the Ram temple at Ayodhya might remain the focus of the VHP, but the destruction of the mosque and the violence that followed alarmed many among the BJP's middle-class supporters. Fearing both alienation of major segments in its base of support and domination by the increasingly militant VHP and Bajrang Dal, the BJP once again shifted emphasis in its strategies of pragmatism and mobilization.}}</ref><ref name="Modernizing Democracy">{{cite book|first1=Terry F.|last1=Buss|first2=F. Stevens|last2=Redburn|first3=Kristina|last3=Guo|title=Modernizing Democracy: Innovations in Citizen Participation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsQ5H0225YkC&pg=PA296|year=2006|publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]]|isbn=978-0-7656-2180-1|page=296|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=Bajrang Dal. Militant youth organization associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.}}</ref><ref name="Hinduism and Law">{{cite book|first1=Timothy|last1=Lubin|first2=Donald R. Jr.|last2=Davis|first3=Jayanth K.|last3=Krishnan|title=Hinduism and Law: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtuhClbfL7EC&pg=PA236|date=21 October 2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-139-49358-1|page=236|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The Bajrang Dal is the militant youth wing of the VHP and was formed in 1984.}}</ref><ref name="Bauman 2015">{{cite book|first=Chad M.|last=Bauman|title=Pentecostals, Proselytization, and Anti-Christian Violence in Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoFxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT15|date=2 February 2015|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-026631-8|page=15|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The most important of these, in terms of conflict between Hindus and Christians, are the Akhil Bharatiya Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, or ABVKA ("All-India Forest-Dweller's Welfare Center," founded in 1952), the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, or VHP ("World Hindu Council," founded in 1964), the VHP's militant youth wing, the Bajrang Dal, or ("Bajrang Party," founded in 1984), and the political party that became, in 1980, the Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP ("Indian People's Party").}}</ref><ref name="Basu 2015">{{cite book|first=Amrita|last=Basu|authorlink=Amrita Basu|title=Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|date=30 June 2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-08963-1|page=164|url-access=limited|accessdate=17 February 2021|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=There was an unprecedented convergence of forces that heightened Hindu nationalist militancy and violence: an active RSS presence within civil society; high levels of coordination between the RSS, VHP, BJP, and militant Bajrang Dal; a cohesive political party; a BJP state government with ties to the bureaucracy and law enforcement agencies; and an NDA government at the center.}}</ref><ref name="Mankekar 1999">{{cite book|first=Purnima|last=Mankekar|title=Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZf8wmVdpaIC&pg=PA179|year=1999|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|isbn=0-8223-2390-7|page=179|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=Militant organizations such as the Bajrang Dal, with its loyal following among the lumpen proletariat, further widened the class base of right-wing organizations such as the Bharatiya Janata Party, traditionally a stronghold of the urban petite bourgeoisie.}}</ref><ref name="Kochanek & Hardgrave 2007">{{cite book|first1=Stanley A.|last1=Kochanek|first2=Robert L.|last2=Hardgrave|title=India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation|date=30 January 2007|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-495-00749-4|page=206|quote=Distinct from both the RSS and the VHP, the militant Bajrang Dal has been closely associated with the VHP in the movement to "liberate" Hindu holy shrines at Ayodhya and other sites where mosques now stand. The Dal is one of many senas, the armed gangs that have been described as the face of Hindu fascism.}}</ref><ref name="HRW 2003">{{cite book|chapter=India|chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/pdf/india.pdf|title=Human Rights Watch World Report, 2003|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k3/|year=2003|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|isbn=978-1-56432-285-2|page=237|accessdate=17 February 2021|quote=The groups most directly responsible for this violence against Muslims included the VHP, the Bajrang Dal (the militant youth wing of the VHP), and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (National Volunteer Corps, RSS), collectively forming the ''sangh parivar'' (or "family" of Hindu nationalist groups).}}</ref><ref name="BBC_2016">{{cite news |title=Inside a far-right Hindu 'self defence' training camp |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-36415080 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=1 June 2016 |quote=They are conducted by the Bajrang Dal, a militant Hindu organisation that traces its origins from the days of the infamous Babri Mosque demolition movement in the temple town of Ayodhya.}}</ref>}} सङ्गठन हो जसले [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद]] (विहिप) को युवा शाखा बनाउँछ। यस सङ्गठनको विचारधारा [[हिन्दुत्व|हिन्दुत्वमा]] आधारित छ।<ref name="Anand 2007">{{Cite journal |last=Anand |first=Dibyesh |date=2007 |title=Anxious sexualities: Masculinity, nationalism and violence |journal=The British Journal of Politics & International Relations |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00282.x |s2cid=143765766}}</ref><ref name="TOI/">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|title=Bajrang Dal: The militant face of the saffron family?|last=Deshpande|first=Rajeev|date=30 September 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220153/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-30/india/27934677_1_bajrang-dal-prayer-halls-orissa-and-karnataka |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> यो १ अक्टोबर १९८४ मा [[उत्तर प्रदेश|उत्तर प्रदेशमा]] स्थापना भएको थियो, र सन् २०१० को दसकमा भारतभर फैलियो, <ref name="bajrangdalban1992">{{Cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Dal v state |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/dal-vs-state/}}</ref> यद्यपि यसको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण आधार देशको उत्तरी र मध्य भागहरू नै रहेको छ। यो समूहले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घ|राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घको]] शाखा (शाखाहरू) जस्तै करिब २,५०० अखाडाहरू सञ्चालन गर्दछ। "बजरङ्ग" नाम [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] देवता [[हनुमान|हनुमानको]] सन्दर्भ हो। बजरङ्ग दलको नारा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा, संस्कार'' वा ''सेवा, सुरक्षा र संस्कृति'' हो। [[मथुरा|मथुराको]] कृष्णजन्मभूमि मन्दिरको स्थलमा [[राम मन्दिर, अयोध्या|राममन्दिर]] निर्माण गर्नु र [[बनारस|वाराणसीको]] [[काशी विश्वनाथ|काशी विश्वनाथ मन्दिरको]] विस्तार गर्नु पनि दलको मुख्य उद्देश्य हो, जुन अहिले विवादित पूजास्थल छन्। बजरङ्ग दलले [[मुसलमान|मुस्लिम]] जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय वृद्धि, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear|date=26 October 2011}}</ref> षडयन्त्रपूर्ण र डर धमकीद्वारा गराइने धर्म परिवर्तन, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Leela |date=April 2011 |title=Unsettled Territories: State, Civil Society, and the Politics of Religious Conversion in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/12142142 |journal=Politics and Religion |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=108–135 |doi=10.1017/S1755048310000490 |s2cid=144982565 |access-date=16 February 2021 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> गाई हत्या, र हिन्दु संस्कृति माथिको प्रहारको विरोध गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities|date=18 October 2019|url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/23655/9781138493803_text.pdf|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> == विचारधारा र एजेन्डा == [[चित्र:Bajrang_Dal_Aloysius.jpg|पाठ=Bajrang Dal members protesting at St. Aloysius College, Mangaluru|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार| बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरू मङ्गलुरुको सेन्ट एलोसियस कलेजमा प्रदर्शन गर्दै]] बजरङ्ग दल हिन्दूवादी सङ्गठन हो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/will-be-beaten-right-wing-groups-christmas-threat-for-hindus-in-assam-2334606|title="Will Be Beaten": Right-Wing Group's Christmas Threat For Hindus In Assam|date=5 December 2020|work=NDTV.com|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Facebook_Scroll">{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/latest/981158/facebook-did-not-ban-bajrang-dal-due-to-concern-for-employees-safety-business-prospects-report|title=Facebook did not ban Bajrang Dal due to concern for employees' safety, business prospects: Report|last=Scroll Staff|date=14 December 2021|work=Scroll.in|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Deccan Facebook">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/why-facebook-is-on-the-fence-about-banning-bajrang-dal-927238.html|title=Why Facebook is on the fence about banning Bajrang Dal|date=14 December 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=5 January 2021|language=en}}</ref> [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) सँगसँगै, सङ्गठनले भारतमा इस्लामिक आतंकवादको बिरुद्ध बोलेको छ र घोषणा गरेको छ कि उनीहरूले देशभरि सचेतना अभियानहरू सञ्चालन गर्ने छन्। उनीहरूले भनेका छन् कि इस्लामिक आतंकवादीहरू भारतमा सर्वसाधारण जनतामा लुकेका छन् र उनीहरूलाई पर्दाफास गर्ने उद्देश्य छन्।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct312006/district17225420061030.asp Terror:VHP plans awareness jatha],''Deccan Herald''</ref> संयोजक प्रकाश शर्माले जोड दिए कि उनीहरूले कुनै विशेष समुदायलाई लक्षित गर्दैनन्, तर भारतका जनतालाई, विशेष गरी युवाहरूलाई आतंकवादको खतराबाट "जागृत" गर्न खोजिरहेका थिए। आतंकवादी समूह लश्कर-ए-तोयबा।<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021021/ldh1.htm#6 Bajrang Dal launches campaign],''The Tribune''</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|title=Three get death for Akshardham attack|date=2 June 2006|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2008-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021220148/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-02/india/27826849_1_akshardham-temple-adam-suleman-ajmeri-pota-court |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref> बजरङ्ग दलले गौ हत्या विरुद्ध विहिप को अडान साझा गरेको छ र यसलाई प्रतिबन्धको प्रस्तावलाई समर्थन गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr192005/district1941312005418.asp Cow slaughter: Bajrang Dal dubs Forum’s stand anti-Hindu],''Deccan Herald''</ref> [[गुजरात]] शाखा सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विरोधी आन्दोलनको अग्रभागमा छ। यसको उद्देश्य मुस्लिमद्वारा गरिने हिन्दु महिलाको शोषण, धर्म परिवर्तन गर्नका लागि गरिने षड्यन्त्र रोक्नु हो। == सामाजिक मिडिया उपस्थिति == बजरङ्ग दल [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल|सामाजिक सञ्जालमा]] सक्रिय छ। [[फेसबुक|फेसबुकको]] सुरक्षा टोलीले यसलाई दक्षिणपन्थी सङ्गठन सनातन संस्था र श्री राम सेनासँग ट्याग गरेको छ। सामाजिक सञ्जालमा आफ्नो उपस्थिती र नागरिक को सहज पहुँच स्थापित गरि धार्मिक बिचारका कारण हिन्दूहरूले शोषण सहनु नपरोस् , त्यसका लागि आफ्नो सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गरेको छ। == विवाद र आलोचना == [[बाबरी मस्जिद]] ध्वस्त भएपछि राव सरकारले सन् १९९२ मा बजरङ्ग दलमाथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो तर एक वर्षपछि उक्त प्रतिबन्ध हटाइएको थियो।<ref name="bajrangdalban1992"/> विहिप नेता, प्रविण तोगडिया, अप्रिल २००३ मा अजमेरमा बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई प्रतिबन्ध र निषेधाज्ञाको अवहेलना गर्दै त्रिशूल बाँडेपछि गिरफ्तार गरिएको थियो। उनले भारतको [[राजस्थान]] राज्यमा आगामी विधानसभा चुनाव त्रिशूलको मुद्दामा लड्ने दाबी गर्दै सत्तारुढ [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] पार्टीलाई चुनावी लाभका लागि मुस्लिमहरूलाई "थप" गरेकोमा आक्रमण गरे। उनले घटनाका कारण भएको प्रचारप्रसारप्रति सन्तुष्टि व्यक्त गरे। ‘सामाजिक प्रहरी’ बनेर कयौँपटक बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताले [[प्रणय दिवस|भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा]] अविवाहित जोडीलाई दुव्र्यवहार गर्दै उनीहरूको इच्छाविपरीत [[सिन्दुर|सिन्दूर]] लगाउन वा राखी [[साउन शुक्ल पूर्णिमा|बाँध्न]] बाध्य पारेका छन्। कार्यकर्ताहरूले प्रायः हिंसा, उपहार पसल र रेस्टुरेन्टहरूमा आक्रमण गर्ने र भ्यालेन्टाइन डेमा जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिने गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|title=On V-Day, Bajrang Dal men force couple to get 'married'|last=Gupta|first=Suchandana|date=15 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade|archive-date=21 October 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021235439/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-15/india/27749916_1_bajrang-dal-moral-police-saffron-brigade |date=2012-10-21 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2004 |title=Sena, Bajrang Dal act spoilers on Valentine's Day |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/14vday.htm |access-date=2012-11-26 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|title=Bajrang Dal protests against Valentine's Day|date=15 February 2008|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220075907/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/15/stories/2008021553680500.htm|archive-date=20 February 2008|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, हिन्दु देवताहरूको अपमान र न्यूलाइफ मिसनरीहरूले गरेको धर्म परिवर्तनको विरोधमा बजरङ्ग दलले न्यूलाइफ क्रिश्चियन चर्चहरू र प्रार्थना हलहरू विरुद्ध कर्नाटकमा आक्रमणहरूको नयाँ लहर निर्देशित गरेको थियो। पछि [[भारत सरकार|भारतको सङ्घीय सरकारले]] राज्य सरकारको कडा आलोचना गरेपछि संयोजक महेन्द्रकुमारले आक्रमणमा आफूहरू जिम्मेवार नभएको सार्वजनिक घोषणा गरेपछि पनि पक्राउ परेका थिए। थप रुपमा, अल्पसङ्ख्यकहरूको लागि राष्ट्रिय आयोगले पनि भाजपा शासित राज्य कर्नाटक र [[ओडिसा|ओडिशामा]] धार्मिक हिंसाको लागि उनीहरूलाई दोषी ठहराएको छ।<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Christians_Sangh_Parivars_new_target/articleshow/3505720.cms Christians: The Sangh Parivar's new target] The Economic Times – 20 September 2008</ref> तर, केही प्रहरी रिपोर्टहरूले बजरङ्ग दल ''आफैँ'' संलग्न नभएको र विप्लव समूहले आक्रमण गरेको दाबी गरेको छ। २ नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा, नैतिक प्रहरीको बिरुद्ध किस अफ लभको विरोधको क्रममा, बजरङ्ग दल, [[शिव सेना]], [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] र अन्य धेरै दक्षिणपन्थी समूहका सदस्यहरूले विरोध गरेका थिए र प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई आक्रमण गरे र सडकमा चुम्बन गर्ने प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई हटाउने धम्की दिए। यी विपक्षी समूहहरूले सार्वजनिक रुपमा स्नेहको प्रदर्शन भारतीय संस्कृति र भूमिको कानून (भारतीय दण्ड संहिताको धारा २९४ अन्तर्गत) दुवै विरुद्ध भएको दाबी गरे। २०१५ देखि, बजरङ्ग दल र विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्ले गाईको सुरक्षालाई बढावा दिएको र त्यसमा संलग्न भएको आरोप लगाइएको छ, मानव अधिकार समूहहरूले यस्ता कार्यहरूलाई प्रवर्द्धन र समर्थन गरेकोमा धेरै राज्य सरकारहरूको आलोचना गरेका छन्, आँखा चिम्लेर पनि। प्रहरी अधिकारीहरूलाई गौ संरक्षण समूहका सदस्यहरूले यस्ता घटनाहरूमा हस्तक्षेप गर्न वा गोरक्षकहरूलाई पक्राउ गर्न धम्की दिएका छन्। उत्तर प्रदेशमा लभ जिहादलाई रोक्नको लागि गैरकानूनी धर्म परिवर्तन अध्यादेश, २०२० लागु भएपभएपछी पर्यावेक्षकको रुपमा काम गरिरहेको बजरङ्ग दल, षडयन्त्रपूर्ण हुने अन्तर-धार्मिक विवाह रोक्नको लागि निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ मा, भ्यालेन्टाइन डेको अवसरमा, बजरङ्ग दलका धेरै सदस्यहरूले हैदराबाद र आगरामा विरोध प्रदर्शन गरे। वेलेंटाइन डेको नाममा हुने गैरसामाजिक क्रियाकलापको विरोध गरेकोले निन्दा गरिएको छ। २०२२ को शुरुवातमा, भारतमा दक्षिणपन्थी [[हिन्दुत्व]] समूहका सदस्यहरूले भारतमा हलाल खानाको बिक्रीको विरोध गरेका छन्। बजरङ्ग दल, विश्व हिन्दु परिषद् र अन्य हिन्दुत्व समूहहरूले कर्नाटकमा घर-घर अभियान चलाइरहेका थिए, मानिसहरूलाई हलाल मासु नकिन आग्रह गर्दै। १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा, बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई भ्यालेन्टाइन डे मनाउन विरुद्ध राष्ट्रभरका जोडीहरूलाई धम्की दिएको, उनीहरूलाई शारीरिक रुपमा आक्रमण गरेको आरोप र आलोचना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal opposes Valentines Day Festivities in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/bajrang-dal-opposes-valentine-s-day-festivities-in-karnataka-1190500.html}}</ref> फरीदाबादका केही स्थानीय नागरिकहरूले कथित रुपमा केही बजरङ्ग दलका कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई पार्कमा बसिरहेका एक जोडीलाई आक्रमण गरेको आरोपमा कुटपिट गरेका छन्, पुलिस अनुसन्धानलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faridabad locals thrash Bajrang Dal activists after they harass married couple on Valentine's Day, videos viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/crime/story/faridabad-married-couple-attacked-by-bajrang-dal-viral-videos-activists-valentines-day-2334921-2023-02-15}}</ref> १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा राजस्थानको [[भरतपुर जिल्ला|भरतपुर जिल्लाको]] घाटमीका गाउँका २ मुस्लिम पुरुषहरूलाई छिमेकी राज्य हरियाणाका बजरङ्ग दलका सदस्यहरूले गाई चोरी गरेको कारणकुटपिट गरेका थिए। यस घटनालाई एनजीओ र बिपक्षी दलका नेताहरूले तथा मुस्लिम संस्थाहरूले हत्याको गरिएको रुपमा प्रचार गरेका थिए। == प्रतिबन्धको माग == सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा, [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय काङ्ग्रेस|भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] (INC) ले बजरङ्ग दल र [[विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्|विश्व हिन्दु परिषद्]] (विहिप) लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन माग गर्‍यो तथापी INC ले आफ्नो वोट बैंकलाइ खुश पार्नका लागि यो मांग गरेको थियो। प्रायः मुस्लिम आतंकवादीहरु र कट्टर मुस्लिमहरूले मुस्लिमहरूको लक्ष्य "गजवा ए हिन्द" को रुकावटको रुपमा हेर्छन्। ५ अक्टोबर २००८ मा, भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्रीले ओडिशा र कर्नाटकमा क्रिश्चियन र ईसाई संस्थाहरूमा निरन्तर हमलाहरूका लागि बजरङ्ग दल र विहिप माथि सम्भावित प्रतिबन्धबारे छलफल गर्न विशेष मन्त्रिपरिषद्् बैठक बोलाए।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201101639/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/nation/story_9930126.jsp Cabinet to discuss Bajrang, VHP ban] The Telegraph</ref> बजरङ्ग दल र ओडिशाका अध्यक्ष प्रतापचन्द्र सारंगीमाथि ग्राहम स्टेन्स हत्या प्रकरणमा संलग्नता रहेको आरोप लागेको छ। यद्यपि, आरोपहरूको लागि कुनै प्रमाण स्थापित भएको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Dal Minister Fights Staines Controversy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bajrang-dal-minister-battles-staines-controversy/cid/1691621 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> == अध्यक्षहरूको सूची == {| class="wikitable" !S. नं. ! नाम ! अवधि |- | १. | विनय कटियार | |- | २. | जयभान सिंह पवैया | |- | ३. | सुरेश जैन | |- | ४. | प्रकाश शर्मा | |- | ५. | सुवास चौहान | |- | ६. | राजेश पाण्डे | |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दुत्व]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] rfbbwwn4dvixnsm2egyt0vqp3f4yxm3 0 134476 1368044 1157298 2026-07-31T06:47:45Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368044 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|नेपालको रापाघर व्यवसायमा अग्रणी [[कृष्ण पाउरोटी]] ]] '''रापघर''' एक यस्तो [[व्यापार|स्थापना]] हो जस्ले पाउरोटी र पाउरोटी जन्य अरु धेरै कीसीमका खानेकुराहरू [[पाउरोटी|रोटी]],सेल,हाडे रोटी,रपाैला,पाप्रे(पाप्रेरोटी),भरुवा जस्ता पीठोबाट बनेका [[रापक]] भित्र रापमा पकाइने खानेकुरा उत्पादन र बिक्री गर्दछ। केही खुद्रा रापघर परिसरमा रापीएका सामानहरू उपभोग गर्न चाहने ग्राहकहरूलाई [[कफी]] र [[चिया]] प्रदान गर्दै खाजाघरहरूको रूपमा वर्गीकृत गरिएको पाइन्छ। विश्वभरका अधिकांश रापघरहरूमा मैष्टान्नीक वस्तुहरू पनि बनाइन्छ। go8xbv14b0et4ysj1u0vo4e6gkqhxcp 0 146631 1367972 1325288 2026-07-30T14:19:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367972 wikitext text/x-wiki सुदूरपश्चिम धार्मिक एवं पर्यटकीय हिसाबले आफैँमा सम्पन्न प्रदेश हो। यस क्षेत्रमा कैयौँ पर्यटकीय स्थल छन् भने धार्मिक स्थलको पनि कमी छैन। ‘'''स्वर्गको टुक्रा'''’ मानिने खप्तडदेखि आरोहण हुनै बाँकी अपी, सैपाल हिमाल यहीँ छन्। दुर्लभ [[डल्फिन]] सुदूरपश्चिम पुगेपछि हेर्न पाइन्छ। तराईका दुई जिल्ला कैलाली र कञ्चनपुरमा मात्रै दर्जनभन्दा बढी यस्ता ठाउँ छन्, जहाँ आन्तरिक र बाह्य पर्यटक भित्र्याउन सकिन्छ। राज्यकै दृष्टिबाट दूर रहेको सुदूरपश्चिम पर्यटकको हिसाबमा ‘फुल प्याकेज’ हो। भौतिक संरचनादेखि अन्य पूर्वाधारका काम अपेक्षाकृत रूपमा हुन नसके पनि पर्यटककै कारण सुदूरपश्चिमको आर्थिक विकास सहज भएको छ। तीनै तहका सरकारले यसतर्फ ध्यान दिन आवश्यक देखिन्छ। विविध परिदृश्य र सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाले भरिपूर्ण [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]]को राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज, ताल, तीर्थस्थल र अद्वितीय प्राकृतिक आकर्षणहरू सहित विभिन्न पर्यटन अवसरहरू प्रदान गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite web | title =Sudurpashchim Province Master Plan | url =http://moitfe.p7.gov.np/sites/moitfe/files/2024-02/SP%20Tourism%20Master%20Plan%20Report%20-final%20revised-web%20version%202023.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1/2/2/1 | image1 = Gray Langur, Tikapur Park, Kailali.jpg | caption1 = खैरो लङ्गुर | image2 = Prakasheshwar Mahadev Temple Satti Bazaar Tikapur Kailali Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (18).jpg | caption2 = प्रकाशेश्वर महादेव मन्दिर | image3 = Suspension bridge of dodhara chandani.jpg | caption3 = झोलुङ्गे पुल | image4 = ShivapuriDham Dhangadi.jpg | caption4 =शिवपुरी धाम | image5 = Khaptad National Park1.jpg | caption5 = [[खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]] | image6 = Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve 1.jpg | caption6 = शुक्लाफाँटा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज | image7 = Badimalika Temple, Bajura, Nepal.jpg | caption7 = [[बडिमालिका मन्दिर]] }} == पर्यटन == {{Main|सुदुरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा पर्यटन}} नेपालको सुदूर पश्चिमी भागमा अवस्थित सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश पर्यटनको लागि एक उदीयमान गन्तव्य हो, जहाँ प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य, सांस्कृतिक विविधता र साहसिक अवसरहरूको मिश्रण छ। सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश नेपालको सबैभन्दा राम्रोसँग राखिएका रहस्यहरू मध्ये एक हो। यो कच्चा, अछुतो र अत्यन्तै सुन्दर छ। यस ठाउँमा सबै कुरा छ - पहाडदेखि घाँसे मैदानसम्म, वन्यजन्तुदेखि जंगलसम्म। यो एक यस्तो क्षेत्र हो जुन यति कम मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ कि यहाँ पर्यटकहरू नै देखिँदैनन्।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=diwakar |date=2021-11-23 |title=9 hidden gems in Nepal's Sudurpaschim that should be on your next bucket list - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-sudurpaschim-destinations.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Ghodaghodi Lake, Kailali.jpg|thumb|[[घोडाघोडी ताल]]]] === घोडाघोडी ताल === [[घोडाघोडी ताल]] सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशको दक्षिणी क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित छ र यो प्रदेशको सबैभन्दा ठूलो ताल हो। यो क्रेस्टेड सर्पेन्ट ईगल, खैरो टाउको भएको ईगल, पोचार्ड र डार्टर सहित लगभग १४० प्रजातिका चराहरूको घर हो। नजिकै १३ अन्य उथले ताल र पोखरीहरू छन् जसले एक अद्वितीय परिदृश्य सिर्जना गर्दछ। यहाँ अन्य जंगली जनावरहरूमा ओटर, घडियाल र बंगाल बाघ समावेश छन्। === शुक्लाफाँटा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज === [[File:Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve 1.jpg|thumb|[[शुक्लाफाँटा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]]] [[घोडाघोडी ताल]]को पश्चिममा शुक्लाफाँटा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज छ, जुन सम्भवतः सुदूरपश्चिमको सबैभन्दा ठूलो घाँसे मैदान हो। दलदल मृगहरूको घर, यो राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज देशको सबैभन्दा सुन्दर राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जहरू मध्ये एक हो। ताल जस्तै, राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जमा पनि धेरै प्रवासी चराहरू देखिन्छन् र हात्ती, बाघ र घडियालहरूको घर पनि छ। १९७० को दशकमा, यो क्षेत्र नेपालका राजपरिवारहरूको लागि शिकार स्थल थियो, तर अहिले यो संरक्षित क्षेत्र भएकोले परिस्थिति परिवर्तन भएको छ। जङ्गल र पार्क पूर्ण रूपमा अन्वेषण गरिएको छैन। यो ठाउँ तराईका प्रारम्भिक बासिन्दाहरू मध्ये एक राणा थारूहरूको पनि घर हो। === खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज === [[File:Khaptad, Khaptad National Park, Nepal.jpg|thumb|[[खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]]] यो सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशको मुटु र आत्मा हो। यो पहाडी पठार यस क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय ठाउँ हो। यहाँको हावा ताजा छ र भूभाग हरियालीपूर्ण छ। खप्तड क्षेत्रमा धेरै वनस्पति र जीवजन्तुहरू छन्, जसमा कस्तुरी मृग, जङ्गली बँदेल र च्याखुरा, कालिज र डाँफे जस्ता चराहरू समावेश छन्। <gallery> File:The Triveni Temple at Khaptad.jpg|खप्तड त्रिवेणी File:Khaptad Lake - Khaptad National Park, Nepal.jpg|खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जमा रहेको [[खप्तड ताल]] File:हिउँ परेको.jpg|हिउँ पर्दै गर्दा खप्तड File:Mountain ranges khaptad national park.jpg|खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जबाट हिमालहरू File:Meadows of Khaptad National Park, Nepal.jpg|खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जका घाँसे मैदानहरू </gallery> === रामारोशन क्षेत्र === [[File:Ramaroshan 7.jpg|thumb|[[रामारोशन क्षेत्र]]]] सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका सबै ठाउँहरू मध्ये, यो क्षेत्रलाई सबैभन्दा कम मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको क्षेत्र मानिन्छ। [[अछाम जिल्ला]]मा अवस्थित यस संरक्षण क्षेत्रमा १२ वटा तालहरू छन् र १८ वटा घाँसे मैदानहरू छन् जसले यस ठाउँलाई एक अद्वितीय परिदृश्य दिन्छ। यहाँबाट, बुढीगङ्कड़ी नदी बेसिनसँगै साइपाल र अपी जस्ता पहाडहरू पनि देख्न सकिन्छ। यो अग्लो भीरहरूको घर पनि हो जहाँ स्थानीयहरू मह टिप्न चढ्छन्। === बडिमालिका === [[File:Scenic view of Bells and foggy background from Badimalika.jpg|thumb|[[बडिमालिका मन्दिर]]]] बडिमालिकाबारे केही प्राचीन कुरा छ। सायद त्यो भूदृश्य हो वा सायद यो केवल एक पवित्र स्थल हो भन्ने तथ्यले हो, बडिमालिका एक अवश्य भ्रमण गर्ने ठाउँ हो। दृश्यहरू हरेक मौसममा परिवर्तन हुन्छन्। <gallery> File:Trails to Tribeni from Badimalika, Bajura.jpg|बडिमालिकाबाट त्रिवेणी जाने बाटोहरू File:बडिमालिका मन्दिरबाट देखिने एक दृष्य.JPG|बडिमालिका मन्दिरबाट देखिएको दृश्य File:Beautiful Collection of Bells seen at Badimalika Temple, Bajura, Nepal.jpg|बडिमालिकामा देखिए घण्टीहरू </gallery>वसन्त र वर्षा ऋतुमा यो हरियालीपूर्ण हुन्छ भने शरद ऋतुमा हरियो घाँस खैरो हुन्छ। जाडोमा, पहाड र घाँसे मैदानहरूमा हिउँका थुप्राहरू देखिएपछि यो ठाउँ अझ सुन्दर हुन्छ। त्यहाँ केही तालहरू छन्। यो ठाउँ पदयात्रीहरूको लागि आदर्श हो। === अपि नाम्पा संरक्षण क्षेत्र === [[File:Api nampa conservation area.jpg|thumb|[[अपि नाम्पा संरक्षण क्षेत्र]]]] अपी नाम्पा देशको सबैभन्दा कान्छो संरक्षण क्षेत्र हो र सबैभन्दा संरक्षित क्षेत्रहरू मध्ये एक हो। देशको उत्तरपश्चिम तर्फ अवस्थित, यो अछुतो छ। माउन्ट अपी र माउन्ट नाम्पा बीचको उपत्यका संरक्षण क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा राम्रो भागहरू मध्ये एक हो किनकि यो घाँसे मैदान, ओक रूखहरू र शंकुधारी जंगलहरूले भरिएको छ। हिउँ चितुवा जस्ता जनावरहरू यस क्षेत्रमा धेरै सामान्य छन्। === साइपाल पर्वत === [[File:Mt.Saipal from Badimalika.JPG|thumb|[[Saipal|साइपाल पर्वत]]]] सुदूरपश्चिमको साइपाल हिमाल आरोही र पदयात्रीहरूको विशिष्ट समूहमाझ लोकप्रिय छ। साइपाल आधार शिविरमा पुग्न सजिलो छैन, तर यो यसको लायक छ। मानिसहरूको सानो समूहसँग खाली बाटोहरूमा हिंड्नु र रातको आकाशको आनन्द लिँदै पालहरूमा सुत्नु यो पदयात्राबाट आशा गर्न सकिन्छ। यो पदयात्रा [[बझाङ जिल्ला]], घना जंगलहरू र केही स्थानीय बस्तीहरू पार गर्छ। यो क्षेत्रमा पदयात्रा गर्ने उत्तम समय अक्टोबरको मध्यदेखि नोभेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्म हो, जुन नेपालको उत्सव महिना हो, किनकि बाली काट्नको लागि खेतहरू खाली भइसकेका छन्। पदयात्रा एकदम चुनौतीपूर्ण छ किनभने यो पर्यटकहरूमाझ कम लोकप्रिय छ, कच्चा र अन्वेषण गरिएको छैन। त्यहाँ बस्ने सुविधा छैन, र पदयात्रीहरू पाल र अन्य रसदमा आत्मनिर्भर हुनुपर्छ। === सुरमा सरोवर === [[File:Mini Kailash of Sudurpaschim Province.png|thumb|सुरमा सरोवर]] सुरमा सरोवर सुदूरपश्चिम क्षेत्रको लुकेका रत्नहरू मध्ये एक हो। ४,३०० मिटरको उचाइमा अवस्थित, त्यहाँ पुग्ने बाटो सजिलो छैन। घाटहरू पार गरेर पुग्ने अग्ला पहाडहरू पार गर्न सकिन्छ र [[जेठी बहुरानी]] जस्ता पहाडहरू भएका घाँसे मैदानहरू सहितका साना तालहरू र पोखरीहरू पार गर्न पनि सकिन्छ। यो ताललाई पवित्र भनिन्छ, किनकि मानिसहरूले यसलाई तिब्बतको पवित्र मानसरोवर तालको विकल्प मान्छन्। === बुढीनन्द ताल === कतैको बीचमा रहेको एकान्त ताल अर्को पदयात्रा हो जुन कमजोर मन भएकाहरूका लागि होइन। यो पूरा गर्न लगभग १३ दिन लाग्छ। ठाडो भीरहरू र सुदूरपश्चिमका पहाडहरूको फेदमा हिँड्दै, यो कठिन पदयात्राले शरीर र मन दुवैको परीक्षा लिनेछ। हरेक वर्ष मानिसहरू यहाँ हराउँछन् त्यसैले एक्लै बाहिर ननिस्कनुहोस् र स्थानीयलाई सँगै लैजानुहोस्। यसरी, यस ठाउँले प्रदान गर्ने दृश्यहरूको आनन्द लिन सकिन्छ। यहाँ जानको लागि उत्तम समय जनै पूर्णिमाको समयमा हो जब जिल्लाबाट तीर्थयात्रीहरूको ठूलो समूह त्यहाँ जान्छ। तर, स्थानीयहरू भन्छन् कि शरद ऋतुमा यस ठाउँको भ्रमण गर्नु पनि राम्रो हुन्छ यदि तपाईं स्थानीयलाई सँगै लैजानुहुन्छ भने।<ref name=":2" /> ===गरवा दरबार=== यो लगभग १०० वर्ष पहिले [[खड्ग शमशेर जंग बहादुर राणा]] द्वारा १३ रोपनी जग्गामा निर्माण गरिएको थियो। यसलाई [[राणा राजवंश|राणाहरू]] ले मैदानबाट पहाडहरूमा यात्रा गर्दा आराम गर्ने ठाउँको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्थे। १९२७ ईस्वीमा निर्मित, तीन तल्ले दरबारमा ८३ झ्याल र ५३ ढोका छन्। === उग्रतारा मन्दिर === [[File:Ugratara Temple, Dadeldhura, Nepal.jpg|thumb|उग्रतारा मन्दिर]] उग्रतारा मन्दिर सुदूर पश्चिम प्रदेशको एक प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय मन्दिर हो। यो डडेल्धुराबाट लगभग चार किलोमिटर पश्चिममा अमरगढी नगरपालिका-७ मा अवस्थित छ। यो मन्दिर नेपालको सुदूर पश्चिममा रहेका नौ भगवती मन्दिरहरू मध्ये एक मानिन्छ। यो प्यागोडा शैलीमा निर्मित छ। यो हिन्दू धर्मको धार्मिक रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण मन्दिर हो र यसको कला र वास्तुकलामा पनि धनी छ। देवी पार्वतीको मूर्ति मन्दिरको मुख्य मूर्ति हो। मन्दिरलाई पछि डोटीका राजा नागा मल्लले पुनर्निर्माण गरेका थिए र राजा वीरेन्द्रले पनि थप पुनर्निर्माणमा सहयोग गरेका थिए। === रुपालीगड झरना === [[File:Rupal Dadeldhura.jpg|thumb|रुपालीगड झरना ]] रुपालीगड झरना सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशको डडेल्धुराको रुपालमा अवस्थित छ। ===[[मालिकार्जुन मन्दिर]]=== * स्थित {{cvt|46|km|}} [[खलङ्गा, दार्चुला|खलङ्गा]]बाट [[मालिकार्जुन]] गाविसमा, मालिकार्जुन मन्दिर<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shree+Shailya+Shikhar+Malikarjun+Temple/@29.7348547,80.4835077,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x39a14a252bb04563:0x7432be85348fa634!8m2!3d29.7348547!4d80.4856964 | title=Shree Shailya Shikhar Malikarjun Temple}}</ref> भगवान शिव र देवी [[पार्वती]] का मूर्तिहरू छन्।{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} मलिकालाई पार्वतीको रूपमा पूजा गरिन्छ भने अर्जुनले [[भगवान शिव|शिव]]को प्रतिनिधित्व गर्छन्। नेपाली पात्रो अनुसार [[आषाढ]] र [[कार्तिक (नेपाली पात्रो)|कार्तिक]] महिनामा प्रत्येक वर्ष यस मन्दिरमा भक्तजनहरूको भीड लाग्छ। [[गौरा पर्व]] पनि यहाँ मनाइन्छ जहाँ दार्चुलाको जनसंख्या धेरै छ। यो मन्दिर लामो पैदल यात्रा गरेर यस मन्दिरमा अन्त्य गर्ने यात्राको लागि पनि प्रसिद्ध छ।<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://myvideo.cc/movies/N3RrVEtORkF0ZjFHOEYwVlUzOGRHR0ZUcHdyakZMQms3WTdtYUx6bHk3ND0 | title=Malikarjun Jatra Darchula: मालिकार्जुन जात्राः मडकि जातः the Journey ।। यात्रा — MyVideo }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609173350/https://myvideo.cc/movies/N3RrVEtORkF0ZjFHOEYwVlUzOGRHR0ZUcHdyakZMQms3WTdtYUx6bHk3ND0 |date=2025-06-09 }}</ref> यो [[दार्चुला जिल्ला|दार्चुला जिल्ला]]मा धेरै प्रसिद्ध छ।<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.farwestnepal.org/attractions/pilgrimage-sites/ | title=Pilgrimage Sites }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007033709/https://www.farwestnepal.org/attractions/pilgrimage-sites/ |date=2019-10-07 }}</ref> ===[[नटेश्वरी मन्दिर|नाटेश्वरी मन्दिर]]=== मन्दिरको प्रमुख पर्व जनै पूर्णिमा र चैते दशैं हो जुन दिन नेपालभरि र भारतबाट पनि भक्तजनहरू दर्शन गर्न आउँछन्। बडिमालिकाको काखमा अवस्थित भए पनि, यो मन्दिर (नाटेश्वरी) लाई मलिका देवीको सम्पत्ति (दिदी) मानिन्छ। नटेश्वरीको अनुष्ठान दुई समूहका पुजारीहरूद्वारा गरिन्छ; एक जना ठकुरी पुजारी र अर्को जना ब्राह्मण जोशी। खिरपाटाका शाही ठकुरी र बेलकट्टेका जोशी ब्राह्मणले अनुष्ठान गर्छन् र देवतालाई छुन सक्छन्। यो मन्दिर ठूला चाडपर्वहरूमा मात्र खोलिन्छ र अन्य केही विशेष दिनहरूमा, मन्दिरको दैनिक अनुष्ठानहरू ठाकुरीबाडा (ठकुरीवाडा) स्थित भण्डारघर (भण्डारघर) मा शाही ठकुरी पुजारीहरूद्वारा गरिन्छ। [[File:Nateshwori Temple's Grand Transformation- A Splendid Remodeled Pagoda Design.jpg|thumb|नटेश्वरी मन्दिर]] ===[[शैलेश्वरी मन्दिर]]=== डोटी जिल्लाको सिलगढीमा देवी शैलेश्वरीको मन्दिर अवस्थित छ। यो नेपालको मध्य-पश्चिम र सुदूरपश्चिमी पहाडहरूमा रहेको सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध तीर्थस्थलहरू मध्ये एक हो। स्कन्द पुराणमा यस स्थानको उल्लेख छ। मन्दिर परिसरमा रहेका देवताहरूमा शिवलिंग, चतुर्भुज नारायण, गणेश, भैरव र मस्त समावेश छन्। दशैं पर्वको समयमा यहाँ विशेष पूजा गरिन्छ। [[File:Saileswori Temple..jpg|320px|thumb|[[शैलेश्वरी मन्दिर]]]] ===बैद्यनाथ धाम=== [[File:BaidyanathDham Achham1.jpg|thumb|बैद्यनाथ धाम]] नेपालका चार तीर्थस्थलहरू मध्ये एक, वैद्यनाथ धाम , <ref>{{Cite web| title = अगाडि बढ्दै अत्तरिया| accessdate = 2020-08-15| url = http://annapurnapost.com/news/58596}}</ref>अछाम जिल्लाको बूढीगंगा र सरस्वती नदीको संगममा [[अछाम जिल्ला]]मा अवस्थित भगवान् [[शिव]]को मन्दिर हो।<ref name="republica20">{{Cite web| last = Khatri| first = Khamma| title = Achham celebrates Makar Sakranti performing cultural dances| work = My Republica| accessdate = 2020-08-15| url = http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/57420/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014030844/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/57420/ |date=2019-10-14 }}</ref> तीर्थस्थलमा "वेद विद्याश्रम" नामक [[वेद|वेद]] पढाउने एउटा पाठशाला छ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = अछामको वैद्यनाथमा दर्शनार्थी बढ्दै| work = Radio Nepal| accessdate = 2020-08-15| url = http://www.onlineradionepal.gov.np/2019/11/18/28539.html}}</ref> सन् २०२० मा सरकारले वेद विद्याश्रमको स्तरोन्नति गर्न वैद्यनाथ धामलाई २० लाख रुपैयाँ विनियोजन गरेको थियो । <ref>{{Cite web| last = Setopati| first = Setopati| title = Oli govt doles out Rs 13.9m in three months| work = Setopati| accessdate = 2020-08-15| url = https://en.setopati.com/political/123760/}}</ref> [[शिवरात्रि]]मा नेपाल र भारतका तीर्थयात्रीहरू यस ठाउँमा आउँछन्। === [[त्रिपुरासुन्दरी मन्दिर, बैतडी|त्रिपुरासुन्दरी मन्दिर]] === [[File:Front view of Tripurasundari temple, Baitadi.jpg|thumb|बैतडीको त्रिपुरासुन्दरी मन्दिरको अगाडिको दृश्य]] त्रिपुरा सुन्दरी बैतडीको सदरमुकामबाट लगभग १० किलोमिटर पश्चिम (मुख्यालयबाट लगभग २० मिनेटको दूरीमा) नेपालको बैतडी जिल्लाको दशरथचन्द नगरपालिकामा अवस्थित एक धार्मिक हिन्दू मन्दिर हो। यो नेपालको सात भगवती मन्दिरहरू मध्ये एक हो। यो सुन्दर मन्दिर त्रिपुरा गाउँको बीचमा उकालोमा अवस्थित छ। त्रिपुरा सुन्दरी देवी दुर्गालाई समर्पित छ। मन्दिर रातो रंगले रंगिएको छ जुन देवी दुर्गाको प्रतीक पनि मानिन्छ जसलाई आदि पराशक्ति, युद्धकी देवी, सकारात्मकता (दैवी शक्ति) को प्रतीक, आशाको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ। हिन्दू पौराणिक कथा अनुसार, उनी शिवकी पत्नी देवी पार्वतीको योद्धा रूप हुन्। उनलाई सामान्यतया सिंहमा सवार र १० हात भएको चित्रण गरिएको छ, प्रत्येक हातमा भैंसी राक्षस विरुद्धको युद्धको लागि अन्य देवताहरूले दिएको विशेष प्रकारको हतियार छ। मन्दिरहरूले यसको सृष्टि र विकासको पछाडि लामो कथा उधारो लिएका छन्। बैतडीमा जम्मा सात भगवती मन्दिरहरू (देवी दुर्गाका मन्दिरहरू) छन्। यी सात मन्दिरहरू देवी दुर्गाका सात बहिनीहरूलाई समर्पित छन् भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यो मन्दिर रणसैनी (सात जना मध्ये एक बहिनी) लाई समर्पित छ त्यसैले यस मन्दिरलाई रणसैनी मन्दिर पनि भनिन्छ। दशैं, गौरा, संक्रान्ति र जाट जस्ता धेरै चाडपर्वहरू कहिलेकाहीं मन्दिरमा मनाइन्छ। नेपाल र भारतबाट धेरै मानिसहरू यहाँ चाडपर्वहरू मनाउन र आफ्नो राम्रो र सुखी जीवनको लागि देवी भगवतीको पूजा गर्न र देवी दुर्गाको आशीर्वाद प्राप्त गर्न आउँछन्। [[File:Tripurasundari temple, Baitadi.jpg|thumb|[[त्रिपुरासुन्दरी मन्दिर, बैतडी|त्रिपुरासुन्दरी मन्दिर]]]] ===बेदकोट ताल=== [[File:Bedkot Lake.jpg|thumb|बेदकोट ताल, [[बेदकोट]], [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला]]|300px]] ===लिंगा मन्दिर=== लिङ्गा मन्दिर कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला दैजे क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित छ । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश| ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली लेख]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको अर्थतन्त्र|पर्यटन ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा पर्यटन| ]] jcug61ykb5oera7oxi293mo5xq6165g 0 146662 1368014 1354215 2026-07-31T03:48:13Z ~2026-42510-27 80053 /* उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी */ 1368014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२ | country = नेपाल | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९ | previous_year = २०७९ | outgoing_members = नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद#प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्यहरू | election_date = २०८२ फागुन २१ | elected_members = नेपालको तेस्रो सङ्घीय संसद | next_election = | next_year = ''अर्को'' | seats_for_election = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]को सबै २७५ सिटहरू | majority_seats = १३८ | opinion_polls = #सर्वेक्षण र मत सर्वेक्षणहरू | registered = १,८९,०३,६८९<ref>{{Cite web |title=देशभर १ करोड ८९ लाख ३ हजार ६८९ मतदाता, कुन क्षेत्रमा कति ? (सूची)|url=https://nepalpress.com/2026/02/03/690038/18-9-million-3689-voters-across-the-country-how-many-in-which-polling-station-list/ |access-date=२०८२ माघ २० |website=नेपाल प्रेस |language=नेपाली}}</ref> ({{increase}} ५.०९%) | turnout = ५८.०७% ({{decrease}} ३.३४ प्रतिशत अङ्क; [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] मतहरू)<ref>{{Cite web |title=६ दलले पाए राष्ट्रिय दलको मान्यता |url=https://nepallive.com/story/344944 |access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=नेपाल लाइभ}}</ref> | image_size = 130x130px | 1blank = समानुपातिक&nbsp;मत | 2blank = % र मतदान | 3blank = समानुपातिक मत | 4blank = % र मतदान <!-- RSP --> | image1 = | leader1 = [[बालेन शाह]] | party1 = राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी | leader_since1 = लागू हुँदैन{{efn|[[रवि लामिछाने]] राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टीको नेतृत्व गर्छन्, भने बलेन शाह पार्टीका [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]] पद का उम्मेदवार हुन् र २०८२ पुष १३ गते वरिष्ठ नेता भएर पार्टीमा सामेल भएका थिए।}} | leaders_seat1 = [[चितवन २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|चितवन २]]<br>[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] | last_election1 = १०.७०%, २० सिट | seats1 = '''१८२''' | seat_change1 = {{increase}} १६२ | 1data1 = '''४६,५०,६९७''' | 2data1 = '''४४.१७%'''<br>({{increase}} ३६.४० प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data1 = '''५१,८३,४९३''' | 4data1 = '''४७.८४%'''<br>({{increase}} ३७.१४ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- काङ्ग्रेस--> | image2 = Gagan_Kumar_Thapa.jpg | leader2 = [[गगन थापा]] | party2 = नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस | leader_since2 = २०८२ माघ २ | leaders_seat2 = [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election2 = २५.७१%, ८९ सिट | seats2 = ३८ | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} ५१ | 1data2 = २०,०८,६३९ | 2data2 = १९.०८%<br>({{decrease}} ४.११ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data2 = १७,५९,१७२ | 4data2 = १६.२४%<br>({{decrease}} ९.४७ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- नेकपा (एमाले) --> | image3 = The Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri KP Sharma Oli at Bangkok, in Thailand on April 04, 2025.jpg | leader3 = [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] | party3 = नेकपा (एमाले) | leader_since3 = फागुन २०७७ | leaders_seat3 = [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election3 = २६.९५%, ७८ सिट | seats3 = २५ | seat_change3 = {{decrease}} ५३ | 1data3 = १६,२३,१५९ | 2data3 = १५.४२%<br>({{decrease}} १५.४१ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data3 = १४,५५,८८५ | 4data3 = १३.४४%<br>({{decrease}} १३.५१ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- NCP --> | image4 = Prime Minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda".jpg | leader4 = [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | party4 = नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी | leader_since4 = २०८२ कात्तिक १९ | leaders_seat4 = [[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पूर्वी रुकुम १]] | last_election4 = १६.५३%, ४५ सिट{{efn|११.१३%, ३२ सिट [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]<br>२.८३%, १० सिट [[नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]]<br>२.५७%, ३ सिट [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]]}} | seats4 = १७ | seat_change4 = {{decrease}} २८ | 1data4 = ९,७६,०१६ | 2data4 = ९.२७%<br>(''नयाँ'') | 3data4 = ८,११,५७७ | 4data4 = ७.४९%<br>(''नयाँ'') <!-- श्रसंपा--> | image5 = Harka Sampang (cropped).png | leader5 = [[हर्कराज राई]] | party5 = [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]] | leader_since5 = कात्तिक २०८२ | leaders_seat5 = [[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]]<br/> | last_election5 = ''अस्तित्वमा थिएन'' | seats5 = ७ | seat_change5 = ''नयाँ'' | 1data5 = ३,०३,९०२ | 2data5 = २.८९%<br>(''नयाँ'') | 3data5 = ३,८५,८५६ | 4data5 = ३.५६%<br>(''नयाँ'') <!--राप्रपा--> | image6 = Rajendra lingden.png | leader6 = [[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]] | party6 = राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी | leader_since6 = मङ्सिर २०७८ | leaders_seat6 = [[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election6 = ५.५८%, १४ सिट | seats6 = ‍५ | seat_change6 = {{decrease}} ९ | 1data6 = २,०७,२७० | 2data6 = १.९७%<br>({{decrease}} ३.२७ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data6 = ३,३०,६८४ | 4data6 = ३.०५%<br>({{decrease}} २.५३ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- map --> | map_image = [[File:निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू अनुसार प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२ को नतिजा.svg|400px]] | map_caption = निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसारको नतिजा <!-- bottom --> | title = [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] | posttitle = चुनाव पछि प्रधानमन्त्री | before_election = [[सुशीला कार्की]] (अन्तरिम) | before_party = स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ | after_election = [[बालेन शाह]] | after_party = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] }} {{नेपालको राजनीति}} '''प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन, २०८२''' [[नेपाल सरकार]]को सिफारिसमा [[नेपालका राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]]ले २८ भदौ २०८२ का दिन घोषणा गरेअनुसार [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]का २७५ सदस्यहरूलाई निर्वाचित गर्नका लागि २०८२ फागुन २१ का दिन सम्पन्न गरिएको एक आम निर्वाचन थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राष्ट्रपतिबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन, नयाँ निर्वाचन २०८२ फागुन २१ गते |url=https://www.prasashan.com/2025/09/13/700674/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=प्रशासन |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=६ महिनाभित्र प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचन हुने |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/369178/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=सेतोपाटी |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रतिनिधिसभा विघटन, फागुन २१ गते चुनाव घोषणा |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763532/dissolution-of-the-house-of-representatives-elections-announced-for-falgun-21 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=अनलाइनखबर |language=}}</ref> निर्वाचनमा [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] मार्फत एकल सदस्यीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट १६५ सदस्यहरू चयन गर्न र अर्को ११० सदस्यहरूलाई एउटै राष्ट्रव्यापी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट राजनीतिक दलको [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व]] सूची मार्फत चयन गर्नका लागि दुईवटा मतपत्र रहेका थिए। २०८२ भदौको [[नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन|जेनजी आन्दोलन]] पछि तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले राजीनामा दिएपछि [[सुशीला कार्की]]को नेतृत्वमा बनेको [[नेपालको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]ले निर्वाचनको मिति घोषणा गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |date=भदौ २०८२ |title=फागुन २१ गते प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचन घोषणा |url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/live/cn5q2w9gg1et |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=बीबीसी नेपाली |language=नेपाली}}</ref> यस निर्वाचनमा [[बालेन शाह]]लाई प्रधानमन्त्रीको उम्मेदवारका रूपमा अघि सारेको '''[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]'''ले ऐतिहासिक विजय हासिल गर्दै बहुमत सिट प्राप्त गरेको थियो। [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५]]पछि पहिलो पटक कुनै एक दलले प्रतिनिधि सभामा स्पष्ट बहुमत प्राप्त गरेको यो पहिलो निर्वाचन हो। यस निर्वाचनमा १ करोड ८९ लाखभन्दा बढी मतदाता दर्ता भएका थिए भने ६८ दलका ३,४०० भन्दा बढी उम्मेदवारहरू चुनावी मैदानमा उत्रिएका थिए थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=यी हुन् प्रतिनिधिसभाका ३४९० उम्मेदवार (सूचीसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539061/house-of-representatives-election-these-are-the-3490-candidates|access-date=२०८२ फागुन १३|website=रातोपाटी |language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]ले १८२ सिटसहित झण्डै दुई-तिहाइ बहुमत प्राप्त गरेको थियो,<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=दुई तिहाइको भार|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1889882/two-thirds-load|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> जुन २०१५ सालको निर्वाचनपछिकै [[नेपालमा निर्वाचन|नेपालको निर्वाचन इतिहास]]मा दोस्रो ठूलो विजय हो। यस पार्टीले ४७.८% समानुपातिक मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो, जुन २०६४ मा समानुपातिक प्रणाली लागू भएयताकै उच्च हो। [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]ले ३८ सिट र १९.१% समानुपातिक मतका साथ इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा खराब पराजय बेहोरेको थियो। पार्टी सभापति [[गगन थापा]]ले समेत रास्पाका उम्मेदवार [[अमरेशकुमार सिंह]]सँग पराजित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=गगन थापा पराजित, अमरेश निर्वाचित|url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/03/08/gagan-thapa-defeated-amresh-elected-31-00.html#:~:text=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%81%20%E2%80%94%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E2%80%93%E0%A5%AA%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE,%28%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%29%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A5%A4|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २५ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> दुई प्रमुख वामपन्थी दलहरू [[नेकपा एमाले]] र [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] क्रमशः तेस्रो र चौथो स्थानमा रहेका थिए। एमालेले २५ सिट र १३.४% समानुपातिक मतका साथ इतिहासकै खराब नतिजा सामना गरेको थियो, जहाँ पार्टी अध्यक्ष तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले भारी मतान्तर सहित पराजित भएका थिए। [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]ले १७ सिट र ७.५% मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो, तर पार्टी सह-संयोजक तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] पराजित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=०६४ को भन्दा कमजोर बन्यो एमाले, के गर्छन् ओली ?|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1889975/uml-has-become-weaker-than-in-064-what-will-oli-do|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[हर्क साम्पाङ]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]]ले ७ सिट र ३.५६% मत प्राप्त गर्दै राष्ट्रिय दलको मान्यता पाउन सफल भएको थियो। [[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]ले ५ सिट र ३.०५% मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=श्रम संस्कृति बन्यो राष्ट्रिय पार्टी|url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/195840|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=गोरखापत्र|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == {{Further|नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन}} २०८२ भदौ २३ मा, नेपालभरि ठुला स्तरका विरोध प्रदर्शनहरू भएका थिए, जसको आयोजना मुख्यतया विद्यार्थी र युवा अर्थात् [[जेन जी]] पुस्ताहरूबाट गरिएको थियो। २०८२ भदौ २७ मा, [[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] विघटन गरिएको थियो<ref>{{cite web|title=राष्ट्रपतिबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन, नयाँ निर्वाचन २०८२ फागुन २१ गते |date=|url=https://www.prasashan.com/2025/09/13/700674/|accessdate=९ असोज २०८२|work=प्रशासन|language=नेपाली}}</ref> र [[सुशीला कार्की]]ले अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा शपथ ग्रहण गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=नवनियुक्त प्रधानमन्त्री कार्कीले लिइन् शपथ|date=|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763468/newly-appointed-prime-minister-karki-takes-oath|accessdate=२६ भदौ २०८२|work=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> राष्ट्रपति [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]ले २०८२ फागुन २१ मा चुनाव हुने घोषणा गरेका थिए। २३-२४ भदौ २०८२ मा भएको ७६ जनाको मृत्यु हुने गरि भएको जेनजी आन्दोलनको जगमा यो निर्वाचनको मिति घोषणा गरिएको थियो। == समयतालिका == यो निर्वाचनका लागि चुनावी समयसीमा [[सुशीला कार्की]]को अन्तरिम प्रशासनबाट पूर्ण रूपमा निर्वाचित नागरिक सरकारमा परिवर्तन गर्न संक्षिप्त "द्रुत" तालिका अन्तर्गत स्थापित गरिएको थियो। २०८२ भदौ २७ मा [[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] औपचारिक रूपमा विघटन भएपछि, [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]]लाई १५० दिनको समयावधिभित्र राष्ट्रव्यापी मतदानका लागि सबै तार्किक र कानुनी आवश्यकताहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्न आदेश दिइएको थियो। यो अवधिमा मतदाता सूची अद्यावधिक गर्ने कार्य गरिएको थियो। प्रारम्भिक चरण मतदाता र पार्टी दर्तामा केन्द्रित थियो, जसले गतिविधिमा अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि देखिएको थियो। कुनै पनि नागरिक मताधिकारबाट बञ्चित नभएको सुनिश्चित गर्न अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको धेरै अनुरोधपछि, निर्वाचन आयोगले पञ्जीकरणको समयसीमा २०८२ मङ्सिर ५ सम्म विस्तार गरेको थियो। ८ लाख भन्दा बढी नयाँ मतदाता थपिएका थिए। २०८२ मङ्सिर १० मा पार्टी दर्ता गर्ने समयसीमा सम्म, १४३ राजनीतिक दलहरूले मान्यताका लागि आवेदन दिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nepalsamaya.com/detail/139877|title=राष्ट्रिय परिचयपत्रमार्फत अनलाइन मतदाता नामावलीमा नाम दर्ता हुने|date=कात्तिक २७, २०८२|work=नेपाल समय|access-date=२०८२ फागनु २८}}</ref> [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व ]] प्रक्रिया पुस २०८२ को अन्त्यमा सुरु भएको थियो, जसमा दलहरूले लिङ्ग, जातीयता र क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि संवैधानिक आरक्षणको पालना गरि बन्द सूचीहरू पेस गरेका थिए। २०८२ माघ ६ मा, निर्वाचन आयोगले एक निर्वाचन आचार संहिता लागू गरेको थियो। भोलिपल्ट, राष्ट्रव्यापी रूपमा १६५ प्रत्यक्ष सिटहरूका लागि उम्मेदवार नामाङ्कनहरू दर्ता गरिएको थियो जसमा, जसमा ३,४०० भन्दा बढी उम्मेदवारहरू चुनावी मैदानमा उत्रिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539061/house-of-representatives-election-these-are-the-3490-candidates|title=यी हुन् प्रतिनिधिसभाका ३४९० उम्मेदवार (सूचीसहित)|date=७ माघ २०८२|work=रातोपाटी|access-date=२०८२ फागनु २८}}</ref> प्रमुख मितिहरू तल सूचीबद्ध छन्ः {| class="wikitable" !मिति !घटना |- | rowspan="2" |२०८२ असोज २० |प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन |- |मन्त्रिपरिषद्बाट निर्वाचन मिति घोषणा |- |२०८२ मङ्सिर ५ |मतदाता सूचीमा दर्ता गर्ने अन्तिम मिति <ref name="TKP_Voter">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/15/voter-registration-extended-till-nov-21|title=Voter registration extended till Nov 21|last=Ghimire|first=Binod|date=2025-11-15|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> |- |२०८२ मङ्सिर १० |निर्वाचन आयोगसमक्ष पार्टी दर्ता गर्ने अन्तिम दिन <ref name="Hindu_Parties">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/17-new-political-parties-apply-for-registration-at-nepals-election-commission/article70227160.ece|title=17 new political parties apply for registration at Nepal's Election Commission|date=2025-10-31|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/17-new-political-parties-apply-for-registration-at-nepals-election-commission/article70227160.ece "17 new political parties apply for registration at Nepal's Election Commission"]. </cite></ref> |- |१८-२०८२ पुस १९ |दलहरूले आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि प्रारम्भिक बन्द सूची पेश गर्छन् <ref name="DRCN_Timeline">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-15 |title=House of Representative (HoR) Election Timeline 2026 |url=https://www.democracyresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/DRCN_Factsheet-Parliamentary-Elections-of-Nepal-2026-February-2026.pdf |access-date=2026-03-02 |publisher=Democracy Resource Center Nepal }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |२०८२ माघ ५ |निर्वाचन आचार संहिता सुरु <ref name="TKP_Code">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/01/19/election-code-of-conduct-comes-into-effect|title=Election code of conduct comes into effect|date=2026-01-19|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> |- |२०८२ माघ ६ |पहिलो पटक पदका लागि उम्मेदवार नामाङ्कन <ref name="DRCN_Timeline" /> |- |२०८२ माघ ९ |पहिलो विगतका लागि उम्मेदवारको सूची पद अन्तिम र प्रकाशित गरियो |- |२०८२ माघ ९ |आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि बन्द सूची अन्तिम र प्रकाशित <ref name="DRCN_Timeline" /> |- |२०८२ फागुन २१ |'''निर्वाचन मिति'''<ref name="LiveMint_Guide">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-02 |title=Nepal Elections 2026: When is voting, who are key PM candidates, and when will results be out |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/nepal-elections-2026-when-is-voting-who-are-the-key-pm-candidates-and-when-will-results-be-out-all-you-need-to-know-11772421272428.html |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=LiveMint}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.livemint.com/elections/nepal-elections-2026-when-is-voting-who-are-the-key-pm-candidates-and-when-will-results-be-out-all-you-need-to-know-11772421272428.html "Nepal Elections 2026: When is voting, who are key PM candidates, and when will results be out"]. </cite></ref> |} == निर्वाचन प्रणाली == व्यवस्थापिकाका २७५ सदस्यहरू दुई विधिद्वारा निर्वाचित हुन्छन् जसमा १६५ जना एकल-सदस्य निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन]] मतदानद्वारा निर्वाचित हुन्छन् र ११० वटा सिटहरू एकल राष्ट्रव्यापी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट बन्द सूची [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व]]मार्फत निर्वाचित हुन्छन्। मतदाताहरूले दुई विधिहरूका लागि छुट्टै मतपत्रहरू प्राप्त गर्दछन्। एउटा पार्टी वा चुनावी गठबन्धनले समानुपातिक मतमा सिट प्राप्त गर्न समग्र सदर मतको ३% को चुनावी सीमा पार गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। नेपालले समानुपातिक सिटहरू छुट्याउन वेबस्टर विधि प्रयोग गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite act|title=प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन ऐन, २०७४}}</ref> मतदान १८ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा बढी उमेरका स्वस्थ दिमाग भएका र सङ्घीय निर्वाचन सजाय कानुनअन्तर्गत अयोग्य घोषित नगरिएका नेपाली नागरिकहरूमा सीमित छ। २०८२ पुस १२ मा निर्वाचन आयोगले १,८९,०३,६८९ मतदाताहरूको अन्तिम मतदाता सूची प्रकाशित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=निर्वाचन आयोग|url=https://election.gov.np/static/media/ecn.voter_poush_2082.jpg |website=निर्वाचन आयोग}}</ref> === मतदान गर्ने योग्यता === आम चुनावमा मतदान गर्न, निम्न हुनुपर्दछः <ref name=":3">{{Cite act|title=Electoral Roll Act, 2017|type=Act|number=23|article=6 & 23|articletype=section}}</ref> * अन्तिम मतदाता नामावलीमा सूचीकृत * १८ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा बढी उमेरका व्यक्तिहरू * नेपाली नागरिक * स्वस्थ दिमागको * सङ्घीय निर्वाचन धाँधली र सजाय कानुनअनुसार अयोग्य == राजनीतिक दलहरू == {{seealso|नेपालका राजनीतिक दलहरूको सूची}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | दल ! rowspan="2" | संसदीय दल नेता ! colspan="2" | [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९|२०७९]] नतिजा ! rowspan="2" | विघटनको समयमा |- ! समानुपातिक मत (%) ! सिट |- | {{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|full = y}} | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] | २५.७१ | {{Composition bar|८९|२७५|{{party color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}}}} | {{Composition bar|८८|२७५|{{party color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}}}} |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत 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{{NA}} | {{NA}} | {{Composition bar|२|२७५|{{party color|Independent}}}} |} == अभियान == === नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस === निर्वाचनअघि नयाँ नेतृत्व चयनमा महिनौँको असहमतिपछि पार्टीका अधिकांश प्रतिनिधिहरूले विशेष महाधिवेशन सम्पन्न गरेका थिए जसमा [[गगन थापा]] पार्टी सभापतिको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। थापा पार्टीबाट प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वार घोषित भएका थिए। पार्टीले सबै १६५ [[नेपालका संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]]मा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो भने गत तीन चुनावमा जितेका [[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] को सट्टा [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]]बाट उम्मेदवारी दिने निर्णय गरेका थिए। पार्टीका पूर्व सभापति तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]], कार्यवाहक सभापति [[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का]] र जेन जीको विरोध प्रदर्शनका क्रममा [[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|गृहमन्त्री]] रहेका [[रमेश लेखक]]ले चुनाव लडेनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deuba opts out of elections, marking unexpected political pause |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2026/01/20/deuba-opts-out-of-elections-marking-unexpected-political-pause |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> पार्टीको अभियान नयाँ पुस्ताले पार्टीको नेतृत्व र "नवीकरण" पार्टीको रूपमा उनीहरूको छवि लिनमा केन्द्रित थियो। पार्टीले २०८२ फागुन मा [[जनकपुरधाम उपमहानगरपालिका|जनकपुर]] आफ्नो अभियान र्याली सुरु गरेको थियो। काङ्ग्रेसले [[सुर्खेत जिल्ला|सुर्खेत ]], बाँके, [[बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका|बुटवाल]], पोखरा, [[वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका|वीरगन्ज]] र [[बागलुङ नगरपालिका|बाग्लुङ]] लगायत सहरहरूमा प्रमुख अभियान र्यालीहरू सञ्चालन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मधेसका चार जिल्लामा आज कांग्रेसको चुनावी सभा |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/382956/ |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ८ |website=सेतोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा सुशासन, प्रशासनिक दक्षता र कडा कार्यकाल सीमामा केन्द्रित संरचनात्मक सुधारको आह्वान गरिएको छ। यसले [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]] एक कार्यकाल, [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] र मुख्यमन्त्रीको दुई कार्यकाल, [[नेपालको मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीहरू]] लागि तीन कार्यकाल र पार्टी सूची सांसदहरूका लागि एक कार्यकालको सीमा प्रस्ताव गरेको छ। यसले अस्वीकार गर्ने अधिकार र फिर्ता लिने अधिकारका प्रावधानहरू पेस गर्न पनि आह्वान गरेको छ। आर्थिक मञ्चले उदार, बजार समर्थक नीतिहरूमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको छ जसमा स्थिर कर प्रणाली, निजी क्षेत्रको लगानीका लागि प्रोत्साहन, १० लाख सम्मको आयका लागि कर छुट, र कृषिको व्यावसायीकरण समावेश छ। घोषणापत्रमा योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणाली, विश्वव्यापी स्वास्थ्य सेवा र माध्यमिक स्तरसम्म निःशुल्क शिक्षाका लागि प्रतिबद्धता व्यक्त गरिएको छ। पार्टीले अधिक पारदर्शिता, जलविद्युतको विस्तार र राष्ट्रिय विद्युतीकरणको प्राथमिकताका लागि सार्वजनिक कार्यको उदीयमान प्रक्रियामा सुधार गर्ने योजनाहरूको रूपरेखा पनि प्रस्तुत गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=२०० पेज लामो कांग्रेसको प्रतिज्ञापत्रमा के छ ? (पूर्णपाठ) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/545143/what-is-in-the-200-page-long-congress-manifesto-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ८ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === नेकपा (एमाले) === पार्टीले २०८२ पुस ३ मा आफ्नो ११औँ महाधिवेशन सम्पन्न गरी [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]लाई पार्टी अध्यक्षको रूपमा पुनः निर्वाचित गरेको थियो। ओलीलाई पार्टीबाट प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वारको रूपमा पनि घोषणा गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले सबै १६५ वटा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो, तर पछि अभियानको क्रममा हिंसा रोक्न स्थानीयरूले हस्तक्षेप गरेपछि नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका उम्मेदवार टेकबहादुर गुरुङको पक्षमा [[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] बाट पछि हटेको थियो। यसको बदलामा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले आगामी प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचनमा नेकपा (एमाले)का उम्मेदवारलाई समर्थन गर्नुपर्नेछ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मनाङमा एमाले र राप्रपाको उमेदवारी फिर्ता लिन निवेदन |url=https://baahrakhari.com/detail/475607/ |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=बाह्रखरी}}</ref> पार्टीले [[कर्णाली प्रदेश|कर्णाली]]का अधिकांश निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा समर्थनको बदलामा पश्चिम रुकुममा [[प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (नेपाल)|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]]का उम्मेदवार [[जनार्दन शर्मा]] अनौपचारिक रूपमा समर्थन गर्न सहमत भएता पनि एमालेका आफ्नै उम्मेदवारहरू उम्मेद्वारी फिर्ता नलिएपछि पुन: सहमति भङ्ग भएको थियो।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=एमाले र प्रलोपाबिच नयाँ सहमति, रुकुम पूर्वमा एमालेको उम्मेदवार कायम रहने |url=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/187842/2026-02-04 |access-date=२०८१ फागुन ८ |website=नयाँ पत्रिका|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन|जेनजी आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] प्रधानमन्त्री थिए र उनले चुनावलाई राष्ट्र-निर्माणकर्ता र राष्ट्र-विध्वंसकहरू बीचको जनमत सङ्ग्रह भनेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-19 |title='A Referendum Between Nation-Builders and Nation-Destroyers': Oli |url=https://eng.dragonmedia.com.np/a-referendum-between-nation-builders-and-nation-destroyers-oli/ |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=Dragon Media |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा व्यापक सामाजिक सुरक्षा जालसहित कल्याणकारी प्रणालीको वाचा गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले १८–२८ उमेर समूहका लागि १० जिबी निःशुल्क मासिक इन्टरनेट डाटा, विदेशी व्यापारलाई सहज बनाउन १० हजार डलरको कार्ड र २० लाख सम्मको ब्याज रहित उच्च शिक्षा ऋण दिने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा मासिक न्यूनतम ज्याला बढाएर २५ हजार पुऱ्याउने, रेमिट्यान्स फिर्ता गर्ने प्रवासी श्रमिकलाई मासिक ५ हजार प्रोत्साहन दिने र प्रवासी श्रमिकहरूलाई योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणालीमा एकीकृत गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो। यसले गर्भवती महिलाका लागि निःशुल्क जीवन बीमामा ५ लाख सँगसँगै २० हजारको मातृ भत्ता दिने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=एमालेले सार्वजनिक गर्‍यो चुनावी घोषणापत्र [पूर्णपाठ] |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/02/19/uml-releases-election-manifesto-full-text-52-06.html |access-date=२०८१ फागुन ८ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी === यो पार्टी [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]], [[नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] सहित अन्य आठ वामपन्थी समूहहरूको विलयबाट गठन भएको थियो। पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[भीमबहादुर रावल|भीम रावल]], [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] र [[नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी]]को एउटा गुट पनि पार्टीमा सामेल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine parties, including Maoist Centre, merge to form "Nepali Communist Party" |url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/politics/nine-parties-including-maoist-centre-merge-to-form-nepali-communist-party/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Nepal News |language=en}}</ref> [[बागलुङ जिल्ला]]का लागि पार्टी र [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]]ले चुनावी गठबन्धन गरेको थियो। गठबन्धनको रूपमा, पार्टीले बाग्लुङ १ मा जनमोर्चाका उम्मेदवार कृष्ण अधिकारीलाई समर्थन गरेको थियो, र बदलामा, जनमोर्चाले [[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाग्लुङ २]] मा नेकपाका उम्मेदवार ज्ञामनाथ गैरेलाई समर्थन गरेको थियो। पार्टीका वरिष्ठ नेता, पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[झलनाथ खनाल]] र पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[वामदेव गौतम]]ले चुनाव नलड्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhala Nath Khanal and Bamdev Gautam not to contest election |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/165824/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Setopati}}</ref> पार्टीले २०८२ माघ २७ मा आफ्नो घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो, जसमा सुशासन, रोजगारी सिर्जना, समाज कल्याण र संस्थागत सुधारमा केन्द्रित थियो। घोषणापत्रमा कृषि र [[जलविद्युत]] लगानी, सीमान्तकृत समुदायका लागि आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व र लक्षित कार्यक्रमहरूलाई बढावा दिने नीतिहरू, सङ्घीय नागरिक सेवा ऐन र प्रहरी ऐनसहित सङ्घीयता सम्बन्धी कानुनहरू लागु गरेर सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र प्रणालीलाई सुदृढ पार्ने र राष्ट्रिय बजेटको ६० प्रतिशत [[नेपालका प्रादेशिक सरकारहरू|प्रादेश]] र स्थानीय सरकारलाई छुट दिने कुरामा जोड दिइएको थियो। यसले विश्वव्यापी स्वास्थ्य सेवाको कार्यान्वयन, बेरोजगारी बिमा प्रणाली सुरु गर्ने, योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा कोषमा अनिवार्य भर्ना र दुई बच्चासम्मका लागि गर्भवती महिलाका लागि छ महिनाको प्रसूति बिदा प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा सबै सार्वजनिक पदधारीको सम्पत्ति अनुसन्धान गर्न उच्चस्तरीय आयोग गठन गर्न पनि आह्वान गरिएको थियो भने शान्ति प्रक्रिया सम्पन्न गर्न प्रतिबद्ध जाहेर गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=CPN-UML Unveils Detailed Manifesto for House of Representatives Election, Focusing on Governance and Employment |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/47856/ncps-election-commitment-read-the-milestones-and-plans-in-highlights |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Ratopati |language=en}}</ref> === राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी === पार्टीले स्वतन्त्र [[काठमाडौँ]] नगरप्रमुख [[बालेन शाह]] ल्याउने सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरी उनलाई प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वार घोषणा गरेको थियो। [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]]लाई पार्टीमा विलय गर्ने सम्झौतामा पनि हस्ताक्षर भएको थियो, तर पछि सम्झौता तोडिएको थियो। [[विवेकशील साझा पार्टी]] चुनावअघि नै पार्टीमा गाभिएको भएको थियो। शाहले [[नेकपा (एमाले)]]का अध्यक्ष तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले जित्दै आएको क्षेत्र झापा ५ बाट चुनाव लड्ने निर्णय गरेका थिउ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balen Shah files candidacy from Jhapa-5 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-1/2026/01/20/balen-shah-files-candidacy-from-jhapa-5 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> २०८२ माघ ६ मा जनकपुरमा भएको भेलामा बालेन शाह औपचारिक रूपमा पार्टीमा सामेल भएर समर्थकहरूलाई अभिवादन गर्दै पार्टीको अभियान सुरु भएको थियो। शाहलाई मधेशबाट बन्ने पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा अगाडि राखिएको थियो। अर्को दिन पार्टीले [[वीरेन्द्रनगर नगरपालिका|वीरेन्द्रनगर]] एउटा र्यालीमा आफ्नो घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो। धनुषा १ का उम्मेदवार किशोरी साह कमल कालो सूचीमा फेला परेपछि चुनावको दुई दिन अघि पार्टीको उम्मेद्वारलाई निर्वाचन आयोगले खारेज गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=धनुषा-१ का रास्वपा उम्मेदवार किशोरी साहको उम्मेदवारी खारेज |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1882190/candidacy-of-rsvp-candidate-kishori-sah-from-dhanusha-1-rejected |access-date=२०८२ फागुन १८ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको वाचापत्रमा प्रशासनलाई सुव्यवस्थित बनाउने उद्देश्यले संवैधानिक संशोधन र संस्थागत सुधारको वकालत गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले विधायकहरूलाई मन्त्रीमण्डल सदस्यका रूपमा सेवा गर्नबाट रोक्ने शक्तिहरूको विभाजनसँगै प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित कार्यकारी र पूर्ण [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] संसदमा सङ्क्रमणको प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। पार्टीले पार्टी सम्बद्ध विद्यार्थी सङ्घ, ट्रेड युनियन र निजामती कर्मचारी सङ्घहरू विघटन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। यसले प्रदेश सरकारहरूको पुनर्गठन र गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय सरकारहरू सिर्जना गर्ने पनि लक्ष्य राखेको थियो। पार्टीको उदार आर्थिक नीतिले प्रतिस्पर्धा नियामक निर्माणको वकालत गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा जलविद्युतको विस्तार, राष्ट्रिय इन्जिनियरिङ र भवन मापदण्डको कार्यान्वयन र एकीकृत स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रणालीको कार्यान्वयन गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता पनि रहेको छ। पार्टीले २०४६ देखि विभिन्न पदमा रहेका सबै सार्वजनिक अधिकारीहरूको सम्पत्ति अनुसन्धानलाई गर्ने जनाएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=यस्तो छ रास्वपाको बाचापत्र (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://nepallive.com/story/344411/ |access-date=२०८२ माघ ६ |website=नेपाल लाइभ}}</ref> === राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी === कमल थापा नेतृत्वको [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी नेपाल]] यसमा एकीकरण भएको थियो र चुनावअघि राजतन्त्र समर्थक मतलाई बलियो बनाएको थियो। पार्टीले सबै १६५ निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो, तर यसले [[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] र [[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] बाट आफ्नो उम्मेदवारी फिर्ता लिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RPP candidate Karvika Thapa withdraws candidacy from Rupandehi-2 over US PR issue |url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2026/23/517458/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Khabarhub |language=en}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा [[संवैधानिक राजतन्त्र]] पुनर्वाहल गर्ने, धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता साथ सनातन हिन्दु राज्यको पुनर्स्थापना, केन्द्रीय सरकार र बलियो, गैर-पक्षपाती स्थानीय सरकारहरू मिलेर बनेको दुई-स्तरीय शासन संरचनाको पक्षमा सङ्घीय प्रणालीलाई खारेज गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०४६|२०४६]] पछि सार्वजनिक पदधारी र निजामती कर्मचारीहरूको सम्पत्तिको अनुसन्धान गर्न नागरिक आयोग गठन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रको "सुधार ३.०" आर्थिक नीतिले पार्टी-सम्बद्ध ट्रेड युनियनहरू विघटन गर्ने, प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियालाई सुव्यवस्थित गर्ने, र विदेशी लगानीलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्न कर प्रणाली र कानुनहरूमा सुधार गर्ने लगायतका निजी-समर्थक व्यापार सुधारहरूमा जोड दिएको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा जलविद्युत उत्पादन विस्तार, सरकारी विद्यालयमा निःशुल्क आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा र प्राथमिक तथा माध्यमिक शिक्षा, र पाहाडी तथा पर्वतीय क्षेत्रमा उच्च मूल्यको कृषि तथा जडिबुटी औषधि उद्योगका लागि अनुदानको माग गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राप्रपाको संकल्प-पत्र : प्रदेश खारेजी, बन्दहडताल नगर्ने [पूर्णपाठ] |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/02/14/rpps-resolution-no-province-abolition-no-strike-24-32.html |access-date=२०८२ फागुन २ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=ne}}</ref> === जनता समाजवादी पार्टी नेपाल === [[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]], [[तराई-मधेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|तराई मादेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] र [[जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी (नेपाल)|जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी]] मनोनयनको समयसीमा अघि नै पार्टीमा विलय भएको थियो। पार्टीले २०८२ माघ १२ मा सङ्घीय संरचनालाई सुदृढ पार्ने कुरामा केन्द्रित २७-बुँदे घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो। यसले जातीय पहिचान सुनिश्चित गर्न उच्च-स्तरीय राज्य पुनर्गठन आयोगको प्रतिवेदनको आधारमा "१०+१" सङ्घीय मोडेल कार्यान्वयन गर्ने वकालत गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा माधेश र जनजाति आन्दोलनहरूको माग, साथै जेनजी विरोधलाई समावेश गर्दै संवैधानिक संशोधनको आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[राष्ट्रपतीय प्रणाली|राष्ट्रपति प्रणाली]], गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय चुनाव, [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व, र [[दलित]] र महिलाका लागि आरक्षित निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा परिवर्तन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा युवा बेरोजगारी बीमाको कार्यान्वयन, जनसङ्ख्या र मानव विकास सूचकहरूमा आधारित विकेन्द्रीकृत बजेट विनियोजन, र नेपालका सबै भाषाहरूको आधिकारिक प्रयोगको प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जसपा नेपालले सार्वजनिक गर्‍याे २७ बुँदे घाेषणापत्र |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539925/janata-samajwadi-party-nepal-releases-27-point-manifesto |access-date=२०८२ माघ १३ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी === यो पार्टी [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का नेताहरूद्वारा गठन गरिएको थियो जसले पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[बाबुराम भट्टराई]] र [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का पूर्व प्रमुख सचेतक सन्तोष परियारको नेतृत्वमा रहेको नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी (नयाँ शक्ति) सँगसँगै नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको गठनमा असहमति जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maoists and other groups merge, launch Pragatisheel Loktantrik Party |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2025/11/23/pragatisheel-loktantrik-party-formally-announced |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> पार्टी पश्चिमी रुकुममा [[जनार्दन शर्मा]] समर्थनको बदलामा [[कर्णाली प्रदेश|कर्णाली]] अधिकांश निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा [[नेकपा (एमाले)]] उम्मेद्वारहरूलाई अनौपचारिक रूपमा समर्थन गर्न सहमत भएको थियो। पार्टीले [[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालीकोट १]] आफ्नो उम्मेदवार फिर्ता लिने र [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)]] उम्मेदवार [[खड्गबहादुर विश्वकर्मा]]लाई समर्थन गर्ने निर्णय पनि गरेको छ। बाबुराम भट्टाराईले पनि गोर्खा २ बाट आफ्नो उम्मेद्वार फिर्ता लिएका थिए। पार्टीले पछि [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] दुई निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसलाई समर्थन गर्ने निर्णय गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोरखामा बाबुराम आबद्ध प्रलोपाले कांग्रेसलाई सघाउने |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/02/1880392/baburam-affiliated-pralopa-to-support-congress-in-gorkha |access-date=२०८२ फागुन १६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[राष्ट्रपतीय प्रणाली|राष्ट्रपति प्रणाली]], प्रदेश प्रमुखहरूका लागि प्रत्यक्ष चुनाव र पूर्ण [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] परिवर्तनको आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले सङ्घीय संसदलाई विधायी कर्तव्यहरूमा सीमित गर्ने र कार्यकारी प्रमुखद्वारा छनोट गरिएको मन्त्रिपरिषद् गठन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा कार्यपालिकाको नेतृत्वमा राष्ट्रिय विकास प्राधिकरण गठन गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले माध्यमिक तहसम्म निःशुल्क शिक्षा, निःशुल्क आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा र एकीकृत सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणालीको पनि प्रस्ताव गरेको छ। पार्टीले २१ देखि ३० वर्षका व्यक्तिहरूलाई १०० दिनको रोजगारी वा बेरोजगारी लाभमा बराबर प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा विदेशमा रहेका नेपालीहरूलाई अस्वीकार गर्ने अधिकार र फिर्ता बोलाउने अधिकार र मतदान गर्ने अधिकार पेस गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले प्रगतिशील करलाई समर्थन गर्दै प्रवासी नेपालीहरू र कृषि बिमा लगायत विदेशी लगानीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरेको थियो। यसले तीन पुस्तासम्मका नेपाली आप्रवासीका सन्तानलाई वंशद्वारा नागरिकता प्रदान गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रलोपाद्वारा घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक, प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति र पूर्ण समानुपातिक प्रणालीमा जोड (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/544195/pralopa-releases-manifesto-emphasizes-directly-elected-president-and-fully-proportional-system-with-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ७ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी === पार्टी चुनावको घोषणा पछि गठन भएको थियो। [[सुशीला कार्कीको अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०८२|अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]का मन्त्रीका रूपमा कार्यरत रहेका [[कुलमान घिसिङ]] २०८२ पुस २३ मा राजीनामा दिएर पार्टीमा सामेल भएका थिए। पार्टीले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] विलय गर्ने सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो, तर सम्झौता पछि तोडिएको थियो। पार्टीले दुई दललाई एकताबद्ध गर्न [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]]सँग सम्झौता गरेको छ। पार्टीको सूची पेस गर्न मनोनयनको समयसीमा सकिएपछि उज्जयालो नेपालका सदस्यहरू समावेस गर्न परिवर्तनको पार्टी सूची परिमार्जन गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ujyalo Nepal Party submits updated PR list under Rastriya Pariwartan Party |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/165774/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=सेतोपाटी}}</ref> २०८२ फागुन ३ मा पार्टीले आफ्नो चुनावी घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो, जसको उद्देश्य "विकास दशक" हो। पार्टीले प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[मुख्यमन्त्री (नेपाल)|मुख्यमन्त्री]] र गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय चुनावहरूसँगै सङ्घीय विधायकहरूलाई २०१ र प्रदेश सभा सदस्यहरूलाई ३३० मा घटाउने वकालत गर्दै प्रशासनको आकार घटाउने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। यसले मतपत्र अस्वीकार गर्ने र अनुपस्थित हुने अधिकारको परिचय गराउने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा विश्वविद्यालयको निःशुल्क शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सेवा, गाँजा र स्थानीय रक्सीको व्यापारिक ब्रान्डिङ गरी जैविक खेतीको निर्यात र प्रवर्द्धन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले प्राथमिक बजार मूल्यमा प्रत्येक घरलाई जलविद्युत स्टकको १,००० सेयरको सुनिश्चिता गर्दै नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा विस्तारमा पनि ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको थियो। यसले राजनीतिक रूपमा सम्बद्ध ट्रेड युनियनहरूको उन्मूलन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टीको घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक, प्रदेशमा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित मुख्यमन्त्रीदेखि ९ लाख रोजगारीको बाचासम्म (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/544187/ujjaya-nepal-partys-manifesto-made-public-from-directly-elected-chief-minister-in-the-province-to-the-promise-of-900000-jobs-with-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ७ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == उम्मेदवारहरू == === दलहरू === [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] ले २१ फागुन २०८२ का लागि हुने चुनाव लड्न चाहने राजनीतिक दलहरूलाई १० मङ्सिर २०८२ भित्र दर्ता गर्न आह्वान गरेको थियो। निर्वाचन लड्नका लागि आयोगसँग १२० राजनीतिक दल दर्ता भएका थिए भने ६८ दलले मात्रै उम्मेदवार मैदानमा उतारेका थिए। ६४ दलहरूले समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली अन्तर्गत बन्द सूचीहरू पेश गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=A total of 120 parties seek to contest March 5 elections |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2025/12/01/a-total-of-120-parties-seek-to-contest-march-5-elections |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |+ एउटै निर्वाचन चिन्ह अन्तर्गत कम्तीमा ५० क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवारी दिएका दलहरू ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |दल ! colspan="2" |चिन्ह ! rowspan="2" |विचारधारा ! rowspan="2" |नेता ! rowspan="2" |नेताको निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! rowspan="2" |प्रतिस्पर्धा गरिएका सिटहरू ! rowspan="2" |पुरुष उम्मेदवार ! rowspan="2" |महिला उम्मेदवार |- !प्रत्यक्ष !समानुपातिक |- | {{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Tree.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[तेस्रो मार्ग]] |[[गगन थापा]] |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |१६५ |१५४ |११ |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|shortname=नेकपा (एमाले)}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Sun.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]]<br>[[जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद]] |[[केपी शर्मा ओली]] |[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] |१६४ |१५४ |१० |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Star.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]] |[[पुष्प कमल दाहाल]] |[[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पूर्वी रुकुम १]] |१६४ |१५२ |१२ |- | {{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Bell no cirlce.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[प्रगतिशील उदारवाद]] |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |[[चितवन २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|चितवन २]] |१६३ |१४८ |१६ |- | {{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Plow.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[संवैधानिक राजतन्त्रवाद]]<br>[[आर्थिक उदारवाद]]<br>[[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद]] |[[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]] |[[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] |१६३ |१५५ |८ |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Umbrella full.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]] |[[उपेन्द्र यादव]] |[[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] |९४ |८६ |८ |- | {{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Horn.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]]<br>[[मधेशी]] हित |[[सिके राउत]] |[[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] |६१ |५७ |४ |- | {{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Eye.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[प्रगतिशील समाजवाद]] |[[दुर्गा सोब]] |पार्टी सूची |८२ |८० |२ |- |{{party name with color|नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[जुचे]]<br>[[माओवाद]] |[[नारायणमान बिजुक्छे]] |''प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेनन्'' |१२० |६६ |५४ |- |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:RaJaMo.png|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]] |[[चित्रबहादुर केसी]] |पार्टी सूची |७० |६१ |९ |- | {{party color cell|उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी|rowspan=2}} | [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] |[[File:Simple light bulb graphic.png|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] |[[File:Nepalese election symbol flute.jpg|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[प्रगतिवाद]] |[[कुलमान घिसिङ]] |[[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] |१०५ |९९ |६ |- |[[राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]] | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese election symbol flute.jpg|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] | |राजेश पोर्तेल |पार्टी सूची |१७ |१५ |२ |- |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Rose.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद–माओवाद]] |[[नेत्रविक्रम चन्द]] |''प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेनन्'' |१३० |१२६ |४ |- |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Soil in Hands.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[हरित राजनीति]]<br>[[स्थानीयतावाद]]<br>[[कृषि केन्द्रित राजनीति]] |[[हर्कराज राई]] |[[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] |१०९ |१०२ |७ |- |{{party name with color|मङ्गोल नेसनल अर्गनाइजेसन|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Mongol National Organisation.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[धर्मनिरपेक्षता]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]]<br>[[जनजाति]] हित |बुद्धलाल मेचे |[[इलाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम १]] |११३ |९८ |१५ |} {{col-end}} === २०७९-८२ विभिन्न राजनीतिक सम्बद्धता अन्तर्गत चुनाव लड्ने सांसदहरू === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !निर्गमन सांसद ! colspan="2" |२०७९ को दल !२०७९ को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! colspan="2" |२०८२ को दल !२०८२ को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र |- |[[कृष्णकुमार श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}} |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)}} |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |- |[[प्रदीप यादव]] |{{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)}} |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |- |[[वीरेन्द्रप्रसाद महतो]] |{{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |{{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी}} |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |- |[[अब्दुल खान]] |{{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |{{party name with color|नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] |- |[[किरणकुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |- |[[सन्तोष परियार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |{{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |- |[[जनार्दन शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)}} |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम रुकुम १]] |{{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी}} |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम रुकुम १]] |- |[[अमरेश कुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |- |[[योगेन्द्र मण्डल]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय ऊर्जाशील पार्टी नेपाल|shortname=ऊर्जाशील}} |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |} == २०७९–८२ का पुनःनिर्वाचनमा नउत्रने सांसदहरू == ;नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[रामनाथ अधिकारी]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेसका १० नेताद्वारा निर्वाचन नलड्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538244/10-nepali-congress-leaders-announce-they-will-not-contest-the-election|access-date=2026-01-19|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडू]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडूद्वारा चुनावी मैदान छाड्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/536822/dilendra-prasad-badu-announces-withdrawal-from-the-election-fray|access-date=2026-01-18|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[राजेन्द्र बजगाईं]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोरखा–१ बाट उम्मेदवारी नदिने बजगाईंको घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538121/bajgain-announces-not-to-contest-from-gorkha-1|access-date=2026-01-18|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[वीरबहादुर बलायर]] * [[मोहनबहादुर बस्नेत]] * [[सन्तोष चालिसे]] * [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=शेरबहादुर देउवा आगामी प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचनमा उम्मेदवार नहुने|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538435/sher-bahadur-deuba-will-not-be-a-candidate-in-the-upcoming-house-of-representatives-elections|access-date=2026-01-19|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[श्यामकुमार घिमिरे]] * [[धनराज गुरुङ]] * [[सीता गुरुङ]] * [[विष्णुकुमार कार्की]] * [[राजेन्द्रकुमार केसी]]<ref name=":02" /> * [[दीपक खड्का]] * [[नारायण खड्का]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narayan Khadka asks Nepali Congress to withdraw his name from House candidate recommendation|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2026/17/516453/|access-date=2026-01-17|website=Khabarhub|language=en}}</ref> * [[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का]] * [[रामहरी खतिवडा]] * [[शशाङ्क कोइराला]] * [[डिगबहादुर लिम्बू]] * [[बद्री पाण्डे]]<ref name=":02" /> * [[दिल्लीराज पन्त]] * [[विश्वप्रकाश शर्मा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेस उपसभापति शर्मा उम्मेदवार नबन्ने भएपछि झापा-१ मा नयाँ नाम सिफारिस|url=https://ekantipur.com/koshi-pradesh/2026/01/17/new-name-recommended-in-jhapa-1-after-congress-vice-president-sharma-not-to-run-58-40.html|access-date=2026-01-17|website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[प्रकाशमान सिंह]] * [[पूर्णबहादुर तामाङ]] * [[ऐनबहादुर शाही ठाकुरी]] * [[राजु थापा]] * [[हृदयराम थानी]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=२१ फागुनको चुनाव नलड्ने पूर्वमन्त्री हृदयराम थानीको घोषणा|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/01/1849269/former-minister-hridayram-thani-announces-he-will-not-contest-the-february-21-election|access-date=2026-01-17|website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[रामकृष्ण यादव]] {{div col end}} ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एमाले) {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[भीम आचार्य]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-17|title=भीम आचार्यले गरे उम्मेदवार नबन्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.nepalpress.com/2026/01/17/684453/bhim-acharya-announces-he-will-not-run-for-office/|access-date=2026-01-18|website=नेपाल प्रेस|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[बलराम अधिकारी]] * [[गोकुल बास्कोटा]] * [[महेश बस्नेत]] * [[छविलाल विश्वकर्मा]] * [[विद्या भट्टराई]] * [[योगेश भट्टराई]] * [[वासुदेव घिमिरे]] * [[मङ्गलप्रसाद गुप्ता]] * [[राजकुमार गुप्ता]] * [[मनबहादुर गुरुङ]] * [[वसन्तकुमार नेम्वाङ]] * [[ऋषिकेश पोखरेल]] * [[मनवीर राई]] * [[टोपबहादुर रायमाझी]] * [[कृष्णगोपाल श्रेष्ठ]] * [[हरिप्रसाद उप्रेती]] * [[रामशङ्कर यादव]] {{div col end}} ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) * [[सूर्यमान दोङ]] * [[सुदन किराती]] * छिरिङ दाम्दुल लामा * [[पूर्णबहादुर घर्ती मगर]] * [[रेखा शर्मा]] {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} ;राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी * [[विक्रम पाण्डे]] * [[धवल शमशेर राणा]] ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी) * [[भानुभक्त जोशी]] * [[प्रकाश ज्वाला]] * [[शेरबहादुर कुँवर]] {{col-3}} ;जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल * [[नवलकिशोर साह सुडी]] ;जनता समाजवादी पार्टी * [[अशोक राई]] ;लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी * [[महन्थ ठाकुर]] {{col-3}} ;नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी * [[अरुणकुमार चौधरी]] * [[गङ्गा राम चौधरी]] * [[लालवीर चौधरी]] * [[रञ्जिता श्रेष्ठ]] {{col-end}} == नतिजा == {{Election results |image=[[File:House_of_Representatives_Nepal_2026.svg]] | firstround = [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] | secondround = [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | electorate = 18903689 | electorate2 = 18903689 | party1 = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] | votes1 = 5183493 | seats1 = 57 | votes1_2 = 4650697 | seats1_2 = 125 | totseats1 = 182 | sc1 = +१६२ | party2 = [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] | votes2 = 1759172 | seats2 = 20 | votes2_2 = 2008639 | seats2_2 = 18 | totseats2 = 38 | sc2 = -५१ | party3 = [[नेकपा (एमाले)]] | votes3 = 1455885 | seats3 = 16 | votes3_2 = 1623159 | seats3_2 = 9 | totseats3 = 25 | sc3 = -५३ | party4 = [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] | votes4 = 811577 | seats4 = 9 | votes4_2 = 976016 | seats4_2 = 8 | totseats4 = 17 | sc4 = -२८ | party5 = [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]] | votes5 = 385856 | seats5 = 4 | votes5_2 = 303902 | seats5_2 = 3 | totseats5 = 7 | sc5 = ''नयाँ'' | party6 = [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] | votes6 = 330684 | seats6 = 4 | votes6_2 = 207270 | seats6_2 = 1 | totseats6 = 5 | sc6 = -९ | party7 = [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]] | votes7 = 182285 | seats7 = 0 | votes7_2 = 193303 | seats7_2 = 0 | totseats7 = 0 | sc7 = -१२ | party8 = [[राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]] | votes8 = 172493 | seats8 = 0 | votes8_2 = 10006 | seats8_2 = 0 | totseats8 = 0 | sc8 = ''नयाँ'' | party9 = [[जनमत पार्टी]] | votes9 = 79435 | seats9 = 0 | votes9_2 = 63764 | seats9_2 = 0 | totseats9 = 0 | sc9 = -६ | party10 = [[राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति पार्टी नेपाल]] – [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] – [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल]] | votes10 = 62069 | seats10 = 0 | votes10_2 = 50049 | seats10_2 = 0 | totseats10 = 0 | sc10 = ''नयाँ'' | party11 = [[नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी]] | votes11 = 42301 | seats11 = 0 | votes11_2 = 41018 | seats11_2 = 0 | totseats11 = 0 | sc11 = -१ | party12 = राष्ट्र निर्माण दल नेपाल | votes12 = 39577 | seats12 = 0 | votes12_2 = 5030 | seats12_2 = 0 | totseats12 = 0 | sc12 = ''नयाँ'' | party13 = [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]] | votes13 = 29455 | seats13 = 0 | votes13_2 = 24793 | seats13_2 = 0 | totseats13 = 0 | sc13 = -१ | party14 = [[नेपाल सङ्घीय समाजवादी पार्टी]] – बहुजन एकता पार्टी नेपाल – नेपाल जनजागृति पार्टी | votes14 = 29436 | seats14 = 0 | votes14_2 = 10160 | seats14_2 = 0 | totseats14 = 0 | party15 = नेपाल जनता संरक्षण पार्टी | votes15 = 28424 | seats15 = 0 | votes15_2 = 588 | seats15_2 = 0 | totseats15 = 0 | party16 = [[प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] | votes16 = 24675 | seats16 = 0 | votes16_2 = 24939 | seats16_2 = 0 | totseats16 = 0 | sc16 = ''नयाँ'' | party17 = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)]] | votes17 = 23864 | seats17 = 0 | votes17_2 = 32099 | seats17_2 = 0 | totseats17 = 0 | party18 = [[मङ्गोल नेसनल अर्गनाइजेसन]] | votes18 = 20829 | seats18 = 0 | votes18_2 = 17898 | seats18_2 = 0 | totseats18 = 0 | party19 = [[आम जनता पार्टी]] – [[जनादेश पार्टी]] | votes19 = 19832 | seats19 = 0 | votes19_2 = 19918 | seats19_2 = 0 | totseats19 = 0 | sc19 = ''नयाँ'' | party20 = सर्वभूम नागरिक पार्टी | votes20 = 14887 | seats20 = 0 | votes20_2 = 1716 | seats20_2 = 0 | totseats20 = 0 | party21 = राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति आन्दोलन, नेपाल | votes21 = 10726 | seats21 = 0 | votes21_2 = 569 | seats21_2 = 0 | totseats21 = 0 | party22 = संयुक्त नागरिक पार्टी | votes22 = 9142 | seats22 = 0 | votes22_2 = 1866 | seats22_2 = 0 | totseats22 = 0 | party23 = स्वाभिमान पार्टी | votes23 = 8156 | seats23 = 0 | votes23_2 = 11404 | seats23_2 = 0 | totseats23 = 0 | party24 = [[राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टी]] | votes24 = 7210 | seats24 = 0 | votes24_2 = 3599 | seats24_2 = 0 | totseats24 = 0 | party25 = [[नेपाल जनता पार्टी]] | votes25 = 7164 | seats25 = 0 | votes25_2 = 2537 | seats25_2 = 0 | totseats25 = 0 | party26 = राष्ट्रिय एकता दल | votes26 = 7071 | seats26 = 0 | votes26_2 = 1455 | seats26_2 = 0 | totseats26 = 0 | party27 = [[नेकपा (माले)]] | votes27 = 6172 | seats27 = 0 | votes27_2 = | seats27_2 = 0 | totseats27 = 0 | party28 = राष्ट्रिय गौरव पार्टी | votes28 = 5250 | seats28 = 0 | votes28_2 = | seats28_2 = 0 | totseats28 = 0 | party29 = नेसनल रिपब्लिक नेपाल | votes29 = 5161 | seats29 = 0 | votes29_2 = 4862 | seats29_2 = 0 | totseats29 = 0 | sc29 = ''नयाँ'' | party30 = [[गतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] | votes30 = 5101 | seats30 = 0 | votes30_2 = 229 | seats30_2 = 0 | totseats30 = ''नयाँ'' | party31 = नेपालका लागि नेपाली पार्टी | votes31 = 5019 | seats31 = 0 | votes31_2 = 2881 | seats31_2 = 0 | totseats31 = 0 | party32 = नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी मार्क्सवादी (पुष्पलाल) | votes32 = 4832 | seats32 = 0 | votes32_2 = 408 | seats32_2 = 0 | totseats32 = 0 | party33 = [[सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च]] | votes33 = 4681 | seats33 = 0 | votes33_2 = 2129 | seats33_2 = 0 | totseats33 = 0 | party34 = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (संयुक्त)]] | votes34 = 4515 | seats34 = 0 | votes34_2 = 1680 | seats34_2 = 0 | totseats34 = 0 | party35 = राष्ट्रिय उर्जाशील पार्टी, नेपाल | votes35 = 4321 | seats35 = 0 | votes35_2 = 4304 | seats35_2 = 0 | totseats35 = 0 | party36 = समवेशी समाजवादी पार्टी नेपाल | votes36 = 4284 | seats36 = 0 | votes36_2 = 393 | seats36_2 = 0 | totseats36 = 0 | party37 = नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes37 = 4123 | seats37 = 0 | votes37_2 = 320 | seats37_2 = 0 | totseats37 = 0 | party38 = नेपाल मातृभूमि पार्टी | votes38 = 3228 | seats38 = 0 | votes38_2 = 23 | seats38_2 = 0 | totseats38 = 0 | party39 = जय मातृभूमि पार्टी | votes39 = 2981 | seats39 = 0 | votes39_2 = 707 | seats39_2 = 0 | totseats39 = 0 | party40 = राष्ट्रिय जनता पार्टी नेपाल | votes40 = 2936 | seats40 = 0 | votes40_2 = 13 | seats40_2 = 0 | totseats40 = 0 | party41 = [[बहुजन शक्ति पार्टी]] | votes41 = 2775 | seats41 = 0 | votes41_2 = 354 | seats41_2 = 0 | totseats41 = 0 | party42 = प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी नेपाल | votes42 = 2246 | seats42 = 0 | votes42_2 = 37 | seats42_2 = 0 | totseats42 = 0 | party43 = नेपाल जनमुक्ति पार्टी | votes43 = 2172 | seats43 = 0 | votes43_2 = 835 | seats43_2 = 0 | totseats43 = 0 | party44 = जनअधिकार पार्टी | votes44 = 2117 | seats44 = 0 | votes44_2 = 544 | seats44_2 = 0 | totseats44 = 0 | party45 = [[नेपाल सद्भावना पार्टी]] | votes45 = 2018 | seats45 = 0 | votes45_2 = 109 | seats45_2 = 0 | totseats45 = 0 | party46 = पिपुल्स फर्स्ट पार्टी | votes46 = 1800 | seats46 = 0 | votes46_2 = 369 | seats46_2 = 0 | totseats46 = 0 | party47 = नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (वि.पी.) | votes47 = 1788 | seats47 = 0 | votes47_2 = | seats47_2 = 0 | totseats47 = 0 | party48 = नागरिक शक्ति, नेपाल | votes48 = 1733 | seats48 = 0 | votes48_2 = | seats48_2 = 0 | totseats48 = 0 | party49 = नेपाली जनश्रमदान संस्कृति पार्टी | votes49 = 1639 | seats49 = 0 | votes49_2 = 172 | seats49_2 = 0 | totseats49 = 0 | party50 = [[नेपाली जनता दल]] | votes50 = 1454 | seats50 = 0 | votes50_2 = 256 | seats50_2 = 0 | totseats50 = 0 | party51 = समवेशी समाजवादी पार्टी | votes51 = 1397 | seats51 = 0 | votes51_2 = 234 | seats51_2 = 0 | totseats51 = 0 | party52 = जनता लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी, नेपाल | votes52 = 1303 | seats52 = 0 | votes52_2 = 77 | seats52_2 = 0 | totseats52 = 0 | party53 = सचेत नेपाली पार्टी–नागरिक सर्वोत्कृष्ट पार्टी नेपाल | votes53 = 1132 | seats53 = 0 | votes53_2 = 120 | seats53_2 = 0 | totseats53 = 0 | party54 = जनप्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes54 = 955 | seats54 = 0 | votes54_2 = | seats54_2 = 0 | totseats54 = 0 | party55 = मितेरी पार्टी नेपाल | votes55 = 772 | seats55 = 0 | votes55_2 = 383 | seats55_2 = 0 | totseats55 = 0 | party56 = उन्नत लोकतन्त्र पार्टी | votes56 = 730 | seats56 = 0 | votes56_2 = | seats56_2 = 0 | totseats56 = 0 | party57 = त्रिमूल नेपाल | votes57 = 694 | seats57 = 0 | votes57_2 = 16 | seats57_2 = 0 | totseats57 = 0 | party58 = [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] | votes58 = | seats58 = 0 | votes58_2 = 115975 | seats58_2 = 0 | totseats58 = 0 | sc58 = ''नयाँ'' | party59 = राष्ट्रिय जनमत पार्टी | votes59 = | seats59 = 0 | votes59_2 = 953 | seats59_2 = 0 | totseats59 = 0 | sc59 = | party60 = नेपाल मानवतावादी पार्टी | votes60 = | seats60 = 0 | votes60_2 = 949 | seats60_2 = 0 | totseats60 = 0 | sc60 = | party61 = राष्ट्रिय साझा पार्टी | votes61 = | seats61 = 0 | votes61_2 = 191 | seats61_2 = 0 | totseats61 = 0 | sc61 = | party62 = नेपाल जनसेवा पार्टी | votes62 = | seats62 = 0 | votes62_2 = 159 | seats62_2 = 0 | totseats62 = 0 | sc62 = | party63 = संयुक्त नेपाल प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes63 = | seats63 = 0 | votes63_2 = 32 | seats63_2 = 0 | totseats63 = 0 | sc63 = | party64 = ऐतिहासिक जनता पार्टी | votes64 = | seats64 = 0 | votes64_2 = 18 | seats64_2 = 0 | totseats64 = 0 | sc64 = | party65 = नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी) | votes65 = | seats65 = 0 | votes65_2 = 16 | seats65_2 = 0 | totseats65 = 0 | sc65 = | party66 = राष्ट्रिय नागरिक पार्टी | votes66 = | seats66 = 0 | votes66_2 = 12 | seats66_2 = 0 | totseats66 = 0 | sc66 = | party67 = गान्धीवादी पार्टी नेपाल | votes67 = | seats67 = 0 | votes67_2 = 4 | seats67_2 = 0 | totseats67 = 0 | sc67 = | party68 = स्वतन्त्र | votes68 = | seats68 = 0 | votes68_2 = 102996 | seats68_2 = 1 | totseats68 = 1 | sc68 = -२ | total_votes = 10781714 | total_votes2 = 10781714 | total_seats = 110 | total_seats2 = 165 | source = निर्वाचन आयोग [https://result.election.gov.np/PRVoteChartResult2082.aspx प्रत्यक्ष] [https://result.election.gov.np/FPTPWLChartResult2082.aspx समानुपातिक] }} {| class="wikitable sortable" |{{Switcher | [[File:Nepal PR District 2026.svg|780px]] | जिल्ला अनुसार दलको सूचीको मत परिणाम | [[File:Nepal PR Constituency 2026.svg|780px]] | निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसार दलको सूचीको मत परिणाम }} |} === निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसारको नतिजा === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:14px; font-size: 0.9em;" ![[नेपालका संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] !निर्वाचित सांसदहरू !colspan="2"|दल |- |[[अछाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम १]] |[[भरतकुमार स्वाँर]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[अछाम २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम २]] |[[यज्ञबहादुर बोगटी]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[अर्घाखाँची १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अर्घाखाँची १]] |[[हरिप्रसाद भुसाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बागलुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ १]] |[[सुशील खड्का]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ २]] |[[सोम शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बैतडी १]] |[[हरिमोहन भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बझाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बझाङ १]] |[[ऐनबहादुर महर]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[बाजुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाजुरा १]] |[[जनकराज गिरी]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[बाँके १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके १]] |[[सुरेशकुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बाँके २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके २]] |[[मोहम्मद इश्तियाक राई]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[बाँके ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके ३]] |[[खगेन्द्र सुनार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा १]] |[[गणेश धिमाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा २]] |[[चन्दनकुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ३]] |[[अरविन्द साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |[[रहवर अन्सारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] |[[ठाकुर सिंह थारु]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बर्दिया २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया २]] |[[श्रीधर पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भक्तपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर १]] |[[रुकेश रञ्जित]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भक्तपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर २]] |[[राजीव खत्री]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भोजपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भोजपुर १]] |[[ध्रुवराज राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन १]] |[[हरि ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन २]] |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन ३]] |[[सोविता गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[डडेल्धुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|डडेल्धुरा १]] |[[ताराप्रसाद जोशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दैलेख १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख १]] |[[बासना थापा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[दैलेख २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख २]] |[[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[दाङ १]] |[[देवराज पाठक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दाङ २]] |[[विपिनकुमार आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दाङ ३]] |[[कमल सुवेदी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दार्चुला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दार्चुला १]] |[[गणेश सिंह ठगुन्ना]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[धादिङ १]] |[[आसिका तामाङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धादिङ २]] |[[बोधनारायण श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनकुटा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनकुटा १]] |[[राजेन्द्रकुमार राई]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[धनुषा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा १]] |[[मातृकाप्रसाद यादव]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा २]] |[[रामविनोद शाह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ३]] |[[मनिष झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ४]] |[[राजकिशोर महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दोलखा १]] |[[जगदीश खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[डोल्पा १]] |[[धन बहादुर बुढा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[डोटी १]] |[[भरतबहादुर खड्का]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[गोरखा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गोरखा १]] |[[सधन गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गोरखा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गोरखा २]] |[[कविन्द्र बुर्लाकोटी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गुल्मी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी १]] |[[सागर ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गुल्मी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी २]] |[[गोविन्द पन्थी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[हुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|हुम्ला १]] |[[जयपति रोकाया]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[इलाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम १]] |[[निश्चल राई]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[इलाम २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम २]] |[[सुहाङ नेम्वाङ]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[जाजरकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जाजरकोट १]] |[[खड्कबहादुर बुढा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[झापा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा १]] |[[निशा डाँगी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा २]] |[[इन्दिरा राना मगर]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] |[[प्रकाश पाठक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ४]] |[[शम्भुप्रसाद ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] |[[बालेन शाह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[जुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जुम्ला १]] |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र शाही]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली १]] |[[कोमल ज्ञवाली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली २]] |[[केपी खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ३]] |[[जगतप्रसाद जोशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ४]] |[[खेमराज कोइराला]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ५]] |[[आनन्दबहादुर चन्द]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १]] |[[महेन्द्रबहादुर शाही]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर १]] |[[जनक सिंह धामी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर २]] |[[दीपकराज बोहरा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर ३]] |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र सिंह महता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु १]] |[[मोहनलाल आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु २]] |[[विक्रम थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु ३]] |[[अभिषेक प्रताप शाह]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[कास्की १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की १]] |[[खड्कराज पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कास्की २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की २]] |[[उत्तम पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कास्की ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की ३]] |[[विना गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १]] |[[रञ्जु दर्शना]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ २]] |[[सुनिल केसी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] |[[राजुनाथ पाण्डे]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] |[[पुकार बम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] |[[सस्मित पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ६]] |[[शिशिर खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ७ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ७]] |[[गणेश पराजुली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ८ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ८]] |[[विराजभक्त श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ९ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ९]] |[[डोलप्रसाद अर्याल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ १० (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १०]] |[[प्रदीप विष्ट]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] |[[मधुकुमार चौलागाई]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] |[[बदनकुमार भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[खोटाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|खोटाङ १]] |[[आरेन राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर १]] |[[बुद्धरत्न महर्जन]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर २]] |[[जगदीश खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर ३]] |[[तोसिमा कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] |[[धर्मराज केसी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी १]] |[[प्रमोदकुमार महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी २]] |[[दीपककुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ३]] |[[उज्ज्वलकुमार झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ४]] |[[गौरी कुमारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मकवानपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर १]] |[[प्रकाश गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मकवानपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर २]] |[[प्रशान्त उप्रेती]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] |[[टेकबहादुर गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[मोरङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ १]] |[[यज्ञमणि न्यौपाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ २]] |[[कृष्णकुमार कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ३]] |[[गणेश कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ४]] |[[सन्तोष राजवंशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |[[आशा झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ६]] |[[रुविना आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मुगु १]] |[[खड्ग शाही]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[मुस्ताङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मुस्ताङ १]] |[[योगेश गौचन थकाली]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[म्याग्दी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|म्याग्दी १]] |[[महावीर पुन]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १]] |[[राजन गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २]] |[[मनिष खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नुवाकोट १]] |[[विक्रम तिमिल्सिना]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नुवाकोट २]] |[[अच्युतम लामिछाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ओखलढुङ्गा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ओखलढुङ्गा १]] |[[विश्वरोज पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पाल्पा १]] |[[सन्दीप राना]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[पाल्पा २]] |[[माधवबहादुर थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पाँचथर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाँचथर १]] |[[नरेन्द्र केरुङ]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १]] |[[विक्रम खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २]] |[[नरेन्द्रकुमार गुप्ता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्वत १]] |[[सागर भुसाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |[[बुद्धिप्रसाद पन्त]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा २]] |[[सुशीलकुमार कानु]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ३]] |[[रमाकान्त चौरासिया]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ४]] |[[टेकबहादुर शाक्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[प्युठान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|प्युठान १]] |[[सुशान्त वैदिक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रामेछाप १]] |[[कृष्णहरि बुढाथोकी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रसुवा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रसुवा १]] |[[मोहन आचार्य]] |{{party name with color |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] |[[राजेशकुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |[[मोहम्मद फिरदोश आलम]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[रौतहट ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ३]] |[[रविन्द्र पटेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रौतहट ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ४]] |[[गणेश पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रोल्पा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रोल्पा १]] |[[वर्षमान पुन]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुकुम पूर्व १]] |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुकुम पश्चिम १]] |[[गोपाल शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही १]] |[[सुनिल लम्साल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] |[[सुलभ खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ३]] |[[लेखजङ्ग थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ४]] |[[कन्हैया बनिया]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ५]] |[[तौफिक अहमद खान]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सल्यान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सल्यान १]] |[[रमेशकुमार मल्ल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[सङ्खुवासभा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सङ्खुवासभा १]] |[[अर्जुनकुमार कार्की]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[सप्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी १]] |[[पुष्पाकुमारी चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] |[[रामजी यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] |[[अमरकान्त चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ४]] |[[सिताराम साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही १]] |[[नीतिमा भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही २]] |[[रविन महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ३]] |[[नरेन्द्र साह कलवार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |[[अमरेशकुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली १]] |[[धनेन्द्र कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली २]] |[[आशिष गजुरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक १]] |[[भारतप्रसाद पराजुली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुपाल्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक २]] |[[युवराज दुलाल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा १]] |[[बब्लु गुप्ता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा २]] |[[शिवशङ्कर यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ३]] |[[शम्भुकुमार यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |[[तापेश्वर यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सोलुखुम्बु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सोलुखुम्बु १]] |[[प्रकाश सिंह कार्की]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] |[[हर्कराज राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी २]] |[[लालविक्रम थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ३]] |[[अशोककुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ४]] |[[दीपककुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुर्खेत १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत १]] |[[विष्णुबहादुर खड्का]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[सुर्खेत २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत २]] |[[रमेशकुमार सापकोटा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[स्याङ्जा १]] |[[धनञ्जय रेग्मी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[स्याङ्जा २]] |[[छविलाल डुम्रे]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[तनहुँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ १]] |[[स्वर्णिम वाग्ले]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[तनहुँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ २]] |[[श्रीराम न्यौपाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ताप्लेजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ताप्लेजुङ १]] |[[क्षितिज थेवे]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[तेह्रथुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तेह्रथुम १]] |[[सन्तोष सुब्बा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[उदयपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर १]] |[[परशमणि गेलाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[उदयपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर २]] |[[सूर्यबहादुर तामाङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- !colspan="4"|स्रोत:निर्वाचन आयोग<ref name="NepalElectionCommissionFPTP">{{Cite web |title=निर्वाचन आयोग |url=https://result.election.gov.np/FPTPWLChartResult2082.aspx |date=6 March 2026 |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] |url-status=live |archive-date=6 March 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/MjEls}}</ref> |} == उल्लेखनीय हारहरू == ;निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू * [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] – [[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) * [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] – [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) '''निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्रीहरू''' *[[ईश्वर पोखरेल]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) *[[कमल थापा]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|राप्रपा]]) '''निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू''' *[[गगन कुमार थापा]] - [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) *[[प्रदीप पौडेल]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) *[[पृथ्वी सुब्बा गुरुङ]] - [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) ;निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व मुख्यमन्त्रीहरू * [[कुलप्रसाद केसी]] – [[दाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ १]] ([[स्वतन्त्र (राजनीतिज्ञ)|स्वतन्त्र]]) * [[पृथ्वी सुब्बा गुरुङ]] – [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) * [[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद पाण्डे]] – [[धादिङ १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) * [[सतिशकुमार सिंह]] – [[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] (स्वाभिमान पार्टी) * [[शङ्कर पोखरेल]] – [[दाङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ २]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) * [[त्रिलोचन भट्ट]] – [[डोटी १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) == सिट परिवर्तन भएका क्षेत्रहरू == {{col-begin}} {{col-4}} ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट रास्वपामा (३८) * [[बाँके ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके ३]] * [[भक्तपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर २]] * [[डडेल्धुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|डडेल्धुरा १]] * [[दाङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ ३]] * [[धनुषा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा २]] * [[धादिङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धादिङ २]] * [[गुल्मी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी १]] * [[झापा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा १]] * [[कैलाली ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ४]] * [[कैलाली ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ५]] * [[कञ्चनपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर २]] * [[कञ्चनपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर ३]] * [[कपिलवस्तु २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु २]] * [[काठमाडौँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १]] * [[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] * [[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] * [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] * [[काठमाडौँ १० (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १०]] * [[ललितपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर १]] * [[मोरङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ १]] * [[मोरङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ३]] * [[मोरङ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ६]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १|नवलपुर १]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २|नवलपुर २]] * [[नुवाकोट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|नुवाकोट २]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १]] * [[ओखलढुङ्गा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ओखलढुङ्गा १]] * [[पर्सा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा २]] * [[पर्सा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ४]] * [[रौतहट ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ४]] * [[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] * [[सप्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ४]] * [[सिन्धुली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली १]] * [[सुर्खेत २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत २]] * [[स्याङ्जा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|स्याङ्जा १]] * [[स्याङ्जा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|स्याङ्जा २]] * [[तनहुँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ २]] * [[उदयपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर १]] ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट एमालेमा (२) * [[दैलेख २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख २]] * [[दार्चुला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दार्चुला १]] ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट स्वतन्त्रमा (१) * [[म्याग्दी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|म्याग्दी १]] {{col-4}} ;एमालेबाट रास्वपामा (३३) * [[अर्घाखाँची १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अर्घाखाँची १]] * [[बैतडी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बैतडी १]] * [[बाँके १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके १]] * [[बारा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा १]] * [[बारा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ३]] * [[धनुषा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ३]] * [[धनुषा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ४]] * [[गुल्मी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी २]] * [[झापा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ४]] * [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] * [[कञ्चनपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर १]] * [[कपिलवस्तु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु १]] * [[काठमाडौँ ९ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ९]] * [[कास्की १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की १]] * [[कास्की २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की २]] * [[कास्की ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की ३]] * [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २]] * [[ललितपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर २]] * [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] * [[महोत्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी १]] * [[मकवानपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर २]] * [[मोरङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ २]] * [[पाल्पा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाल्पा २]] * [[पर्वत १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्वत १]] * [[पर्सा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ३]] * [[प्युठान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|प्युठान १]] * [[रुपन्देही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही १]] * [[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] * [[रुपन्देही ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ५]] * [[सर्लाही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ३]] * [[सिराहा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ३]] * [[सुनसरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ३]] * [[उदयपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर २]] ;एमालेबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (४) * [[कपिलवस्तु ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु ३]] * [[पाँचथर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाँचथर]] * [[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] * [[सोलुखुम्बु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सोलुखुम्बु]] {{col-4}} ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट रास्वपामा (८) * [[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ २]] * [[दाङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ २]] * [[दोलखा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दोलखा १]] * [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] * [[मोरङ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ४]] * [[सर्लाही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही २]] * [[सिन्धुली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली २]] * [[सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक १]] ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (२) * [[जाजरकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जाजरकोट १]] * [[हुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|हुम्ला १]] ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट श्रसंपामा (१) * [[खोटाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|खोटाङ १]] ;एकीकृत समाजवादीबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (३) * [[अछाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम १]] * [[दैलेख १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख १]] * [[डोटी १]] ;एकिकृत समाजवादीबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] * [[दाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ १]] * [[धादिङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धादिङ १]] * [[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] ;एकिकृत समाजवादीबाट एमालेमा (१) * [[बझाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बझाङ १]] ;नागरिक उन्मुक्तिबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] * [[कैलाली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली १]] * [[कैलाली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली २]] * [[कैलाली ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ३]] {{col-4}} ;राप्रपाबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] * [[मकवानपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर १]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २|नवलपरासी २]] * [[रुपन्देही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ३]] ;राप्रपाबाट एमालेमा (१) * [[बाँके २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके २]] ;लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादीबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[महोत्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी २]] * [[महोत्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ३]] * [[रुपन्देही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ४]] * [[सर्लाही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही १]] ;जसपा-नेपालबाट रास्वपामा (२) * [[बारा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा २]] * [[सप्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी १]] * [[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] ;जसपाबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] ;जसपाबाट श्रसंपामा (१) * [[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] ;नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टीबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[भक्तपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर १]] ;जनमोर्चाबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[बागलुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ १]] ;आम जनता पार्टीबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[रौतहट ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ३]] ;स्वतन्त्रबाट रास्वपामा (२) * [[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] * [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] {{col-end}} ‍‍ == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिक्रिया == *{{झण्डा|भुटान}}: प्रधानमन्त्री [[छिरिङ तोब्गे]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमार्फत लामिछाने र शाहलाई बधाई दिएका थिए। उनले नेपाल र भुटानबीचको प्रगाढ मित्रतालाई अझ सुदृढ बनाउने इच्छा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031203990424396101 |user=tsheringtobgay |title=Congratulations to Mr. Balen Shah and Mr. Rabi Lamichhane on your landslide victory in Nepal’s general elections. |first=Tshering |last=Tobgay |author-link=छिरिङ तोब्गे |date=10 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=I look forward to deepening the warm friendship between our two countries.}}</ref> *{{झण्डा|भारत}}: भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]]ले पार्टीको विजयमा रवि लामिछाने र बालेन शाहलाई बधाई दिँदै भारत र नेपालबीचको बलियो सम्बन्धमा जोड दिएका थिए। उनले नयाँ सरकारसँग आपसी समृद्धि, प्रगति र दुवै देशको हितका लागि मिलेर काम गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031028703917166950 |user=narendramodi |title=Congratulated both leaders on their electoral victories and RSP’s resounding success in the Nepal elections. Conveyed my best wishes for their forthcoming new Government and India's commitment to work with them for mutual prosperity, progress and well-being of our two countries. |first=Narendra |last=Modi |author= |author-link=नरेन्द्र मोदी |date=9 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=I am confident that with our joint endeavours, India and Nepal relations will scale new heights in the years ahead.}}</ref> *{{झण्डा|पाकिस्तान}}: प्रधानमन्त्री [[शहबाज सरिफ]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमार्फत लामिछाने र शाहलाई बधाई दिएका थिए। उनले ऐतिहासिक मित्रता र सहयोगलाई थप सुदृढ पार्न नेपालको नवनिर्वाचित सरकारसँग मिलेर काम गर्न चाहेको उल्लेख गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031659899013488916 |user=CMShehbaz |title=My heartiest congratulations to Rabi Lamichhane and Balendra Shah of the Rastriya Swatantra Party on their remarkable victory in the 2026 elections in Nepal. |first=Shehbaz |last=Sharif |author-link=शहबाज सरिफ |date=11 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=Pakistan looks forward to working closely with the newly elected Government of Nepal to further strengthen our historic friendship and cooperation.}}</ref> == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[नेपालका राजनीतिक दलहरूको सूची]] * [[नेपालको राजनीति]] * [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९]] == टिप्पणीहरू == {{notelist}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपालमा भएका निर्वाचनहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका निर्वाचनहरू]] 2ro9yzlfml0dap0xopgqws2k7x0n1vd 1368015 1368014 2026-07-31T03:49:24Z ~2026-42510-27 80053 /* नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस */ 1368015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२ | country = नेपाल | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९ | previous_year = २०७९ | outgoing_members = नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद#प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्यहरू | election_date = २०८२ फागुन २१ | elected_members = नेपालको तेस्रो सङ्घीय संसद | next_election = | next_year = ''अर्को'' | seats_for_election = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]को सबै २७५ सिटहरू | majority_seats = १३८ | opinion_polls = #सर्वेक्षण र मत सर्वेक्षणहरू | registered = १,८९,०३,६८९<ref>{{Cite web |title=देशभर १ करोड ८९ लाख ३ हजार ६८९ मतदाता, कुन क्षेत्रमा कति ? (सूची)|url=https://nepalpress.com/2026/02/03/690038/18-9-million-3689-voters-across-the-country-how-many-in-which-polling-station-list/ |access-date=२०८२ माघ २० |website=नेपाल प्रेस |language=नेपाली}}</ref> ({{increase}} ५.०९%) | turnout = ५८.०७% ({{decrease}} ३.३४ प्रतिशत अङ्क; [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] मतहरू)<ref>{{Cite web |title=६ दलले पाए राष्ट्रिय दलको मान्यता |url=https://nepallive.com/story/344944 |access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=नेपाल लाइभ}}</ref> | image_size = 130x130px | 1blank = समानुपातिक&nbsp;मत | 2blank = % र मतदान | 3blank = समानुपातिक मत | 4blank = % र मतदान <!-- RSP --> | image1 = | leader1 = [[बालेन शाह]] | party1 = राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी | leader_since1 = लागू हुँदैन{{efn|[[रवि लामिछाने]] राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टीको नेतृत्व गर्छन्, भने बलेन शाह पार्टीका [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]] पद का उम्मेदवार हुन् र २०८२ पुष १३ गते वरिष्ठ नेता भएर पार्टीमा सामेल भएका थिए।}} | leaders_seat1 = [[चितवन २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|चितवन २]]<br>[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] | last_election1 = १०.७०%, २० सिट | seats1 = '''१८२''' | seat_change1 = {{increase}} १६२ | 1data1 = '''४६,५०,६९७''' | 2data1 = '''४४.१७%'''<br>({{increase}} ३६.४० प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data1 = '''५१,८३,४९३''' | 4data1 = '''४७.८४%'''<br>({{increase}} ३७.१४ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- काङ्ग्रेस--> | image2 = Gagan_Kumar_Thapa.jpg | leader2 = [[गगन थापा]] | party2 = नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस | leader_since2 = २०८२ माघ २ | leaders_seat2 = [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election2 = २५.७१%, ८९ सिट | seats2 = ३८ | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} ५१ | 1data2 = २०,०८,६३९ | 2data2 = १९.०८%<br>({{decrease}} ४.११ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data2 = १७,५९,१७२ | 4data2 = १६.२४%<br>({{decrease}} ९.४७ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- नेकपा (एमाले) --> | image3 = The Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri KP Sharma Oli at Bangkok, in Thailand on April 04, 2025.jpg | leader3 = [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] | party3 = नेकपा (एमाले) | leader_since3 = फागुन २०७७ | leaders_seat3 = [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election3 = २६.९५%, ७८ सिट | seats3 = २५ | seat_change3 = {{decrease}} ५३ | 1data3 = १६,२३,१५९ | 2data3 = १५.४२%<br>({{decrease}} १५.४१ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data3 = १४,५५,८८५ | 4data3 = १३.४४%<br>({{decrease}} १३.५१ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- NCP --> | image4 = Prime Minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda".jpg | leader4 = [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | party4 = नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी | leader_since4 = २०८२ कात्तिक १९ | leaders_seat4 = [[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पूर्वी रुकुम १]] | last_election4 = १६.५३%, ४५ सिट{{efn|११.१३%, ३२ सिट [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]<br>२.८३%, १० सिट [[नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]]<br>२.५७%, ३ सिट [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]]}} | seats4 = १७ | seat_change4 = {{decrease}} २८ | 1data4 = ९,७६,०१६ | 2data4 = ९.२७%<br>(''नयाँ'') | 3data4 = ८,११,५७७ | 4data4 = ७.४९%<br>(''नयाँ'') <!-- श्रसंपा--> | image5 = Harka Sampang (cropped).png | leader5 = [[हर्कराज राई]] | party5 = [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]] | leader_since5 = कात्तिक २०८२ | leaders_seat5 = [[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]]<br/> | last_election5 = ''अस्तित्वमा थिएन'' | seats5 = ७ | seat_change5 = ''नयाँ'' | 1data5 = ३,०३,९०२ | 2data5 = २.८९%<br>(''नयाँ'') | 3data5 = ३,८५,८५६ | 4data5 = ३.५६%<br>(''नयाँ'') <!--राप्रपा--> | image6 = Rajendra lingden.png | leader6 = [[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]] | party6 = राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी | leader_since6 = मङ्सिर २०७८ | leaders_seat6 = [[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election6 = ५.५८%, १४ सिट | seats6 = ‍५ | seat_change6 = {{decrease}} ९ | 1data6 = २,०७,२७० | 2data6 = १.९७%<br>({{decrease}} ३.२७ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data6 = ३,३०,६८४ | 4data6 = ३.०५%<br>({{decrease}} २.५३ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- map --> | map_image = [[File:निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू अनुसार प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२ को नतिजा.svg|400px]] | map_caption = निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसारको नतिजा <!-- bottom --> | title = [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] | posttitle = चुनाव पछि प्रधानमन्त्री | before_election = [[सुशीला कार्की]] (अन्तरिम) | before_party = स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ | after_election = [[बालेन शाह]] | after_party = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] }} {{नेपालको राजनीति}} '''प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन, २०८२''' [[नेपाल सरकार]]को सिफारिसमा [[नेपालका राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]]ले २८ भदौ २०८२ का दिन घोषणा गरेअनुसार [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]का २७५ सदस्यहरूलाई निर्वाचित गर्नका लागि २०८२ फागुन २१ का दिन सम्पन्न गरिएको एक आम निर्वाचन थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राष्ट्रपतिबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन, नयाँ निर्वाचन २०८२ फागुन २१ गते |url=https://www.prasashan.com/2025/09/13/700674/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=प्रशासन |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=६ महिनाभित्र प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचन हुने |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/369178/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=सेतोपाटी |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रतिनिधिसभा विघटन, फागुन २१ गते चुनाव घोषणा |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763532/dissolution-of-the-house-of-representatives-elections-announced-for-falgun-21 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=अनलाइनखबर |language=}}</ref> निर्वाचनमा [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] मार्फत एकल सदस्यीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट १६५ सदस्यहरू चयन गर्न र अर्को ११० सदस्यहरूलाई एउटै राष्ट्रव्यापी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट राजनीतिक दलको [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व]] सूची मार्फत चयन गर्नका लागि दुईवटा मतपत्र रहेका थिए। २०८२ भदौको [[नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन|जेनजी आन्दोलन]] पछि तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले राजीनामा दिएपछि [[सुशीला कार्की]]को नेतृत्वमा बनेको [[नेपालको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]ले निर्वाचनको मिति घोषणा गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |date=भदौ २०८२ |title=फागुन २१ गते प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचन घोषणा |url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/live/cn5q2w9gg1et |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=बीबीसी नेपाली |language=नेपाली}}</ref> यस निर्वाचनमा [[बालेन शाह]]लाई प्रधानमन्त्रीको उम्मेदवारका रूपमा अघि सारेको '''[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]'''ले ऐतिहासिक विजय हासिल गर्दै बहुमत सिट प्राप्त गरेको थियो। [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५]]पछि पहिलो पटक कुनै एक दलले प्रतिनिधि सभामा स्पष्ट बहुमत प्राप्त गरेको यो पहिलो निर्वाचन हो। यस निर्वाचनमा १ करोड ८९ लाखभन्दा बढी मतदाता दर्ता भएका थिए भने ६८ दलका ३,४०० भन्दा बढी उम्मेदवारहरू चुनावी मैदानमा उत्रिएका थिए थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=यी हुन् प्रतिनिधिसभाका ३४९० उम्मेदवार (सूचीसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539061/house-of-representatives-election-these-are-the-3490-candidates|access-date=२०८२ फागुन १३|website=रातोपाटी |language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]ले १८२ सिटसहित झण्डै दुई-तिहाइ बहुमत प्राप्त गरेको थियो,<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=दुई तिहाइको भार|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1889882/two-thirds-load|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> जुन २०१५ सालको निर्वाचनपछिकै [[नेपालमा निर्वाचन|नेपालको निर्वाचन इतिहास]]मा दोस्रो ठूलो विजय हो। यस पार्टीले ४७.८% समानुपातिक मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो, जुन २०६४ मा समानुपातिक प्रणाली लागू भएयताकै उच्च हो। [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]ले ३८ सिट र १९.१% समानुपातिक मतका साथ इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा खराब पराजय बेहोरेको थियो। पार्टी सभापति [[गगन थापा]]ले समेत रास्पाका उम्मेदवार [[अमरेशकुमार सिंह]]सँग पराजित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=गगन थापा पराजित, अमरेश निर्वाचित|url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/03/08/gagan-thapa-defeated-amresh-elected-31-00.html#:~:text=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%81%20%E2%80%94%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E2%80%93%E0%A5%AA%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE,%28%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%29%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A5%A4|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २५ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> दुई प्रमुख वामपन्थी दलहरू [[नेकपा एमाले]] र [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] क्रमशः तेस्रो र चौथो स्थानमा रहेका थिए। एमालेले २५ सिट र १३.४% समानुपातिक मतका साथ इतिहासकै खराब नतिजा सामना गरेको थियो, जहाँ पार्टी अध्यक्ष तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले भारी मतान्तर सहित पराजित भएका थिए। [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]ले १७ सिट र ७.५% मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो, तर पार्टी सह-संयोजक तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] पराजित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=०६४ को भन्दा कमजोर बन्यो एमाले, के गर्छन् ओली ?|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1889975/uml-has-become-weaker-than-in-064-what-will-oli-do|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[हर्क साम्पाङ]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]]ले ७ सिट र ३.५६% मत प्राप्त गर्दै राष्ट्रिय दलको मान्यता पाउन सफल भएको थियो। [[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]ले ५ सिट र ३.०५% मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=श्रम संस्कृति बन्यो राष्ट्रिय पार्टी|url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/195840|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=गोरखापत्र|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == {{Further|नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन}} २०८२ भदौ २३ मा, नेपालभरि ठुला स्तरका विरोध प्रदर्शनहरू भएका थिए, जसको आयोजना मुख्यतया विद्यार्थी र युवा अर्थात् [[जेन जी]] पुस्ताहरूबाट गरिएको थियो। २०८२ भदौ २७ मा, [[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] विघटन गरिएको थियो<ref>{{cite web|title=राष्ट्रपतिबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन, नयाँ निर्वाचन २०८२ फागुन २१ गते |date=|url=https://www.prasashan.com/2025/09/13/700674/|accessdate=९ असोज २०८२|work=प्रशासन|language=नेपाली}}</ref> र [[सुशीला कार्की]]ले अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा शपथ ग्रहण गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=नवनियुक्त प्रधानमन्त्री कार्कीले लिइन् शपथ|date=|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763468/newly-appointed-prime-minister-karki-takes-oath|accessdate=२६ भदौ २०८२|work=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> राष्ट्रपति [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]ले २०८२ फागुन २१ मा चुनाव हुने घोषणा गरेका थिए। २३-२४ भदौ २०८२ मा भएको ७६ जनाको मृत्यु हुने गरि भएको जेनजी आन्दोलनको जगमा यो निर्वाचनको मिति घोषणा गरिएको थियो। == समयतालिका == यो निर्वाचनका लागि चुनावी समयसीमा [[सुशीला कार्की]]को अन्तरिम प्रशासनबाट पूर्ण रूपमा निर्वाचित नागरिक सरकारमा परिवर्तन गर्न संक्षिप्त "द्रुत" तालिका अन्तर्गत स्थापित गरिएको थियो। २०८२ भदौ २७ मा [[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] औपचारिक रूपमा विघटन भएपछि, [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]]लाई १५० दिनको समयावधिभित्र राष्ट्रव्यापी मतदानका लागि सबै तार्किक र कानुनी आवश्यकताहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्न आदेश दिइएको थियो। यो अवधिमा मतदाता सूची अद्यावधिक गर्ने कार्य गरिएको थियो। प्रारम्भिक चरण मतदाता र पार्टी दर्तामा केन्द्रित थियो, जसले गतिविधिमा अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि देखिएको थियो। कुनै पनि नागरिक मताधिकारबाट बञ्चित नभएको सुनिश्चित गर्न अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको धेरै अनुरोधपछि, निर्वाचन आयोगले पञ्जीकरणको समयसीमा २०८२ मङ्सिर ५ सम्म विस्तार गरेको थियो। ८ लाख भन्दा बढी नयाँ मतदाता थपिएका थिए। २०८२ मङ्सिर १० मा पार्टी दर्ता गर्ने समयसीमा सम्म, १४३ राजनीतिक दलहरूले मान्यताका लागि आवेदन दिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nepalsamaya.com/detail/139877|title=राष्ट्रिय परिचयपत्रमार्फत अनलाइन मतदाता नामावलीमा नाम दर्ता हुने|date=कात्तिक २७, २०८२|work=नेपाल समय|access-date=२०८२ फागनु २८}}</ref> [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व ]] प्रक्रिया पुस २०८२ को अन्त्यमा सुरु भएको थियो, जसमा दलहरूले लिङ्ग, जातीयता र क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि संवैधानिक आरक्षणको पालना गरि बन्द सूचीहरू पेस गरेका थिए। २०८२ माघ ६ मा, निर्वाचन आयोगले एक निर्वाचन आचार संहिता लागू गरेको थियो। भोलिपल्ट, राष्ट्रव्यापी रूपमा १६५ प्रत्यक्ष सिटहरूका लागि उम्मेदवार नामाङ्कनहरू दर्ता गरिएको थियो जसमा, जसमा ३,४०० भन्दा बढी उम्मेदवारहरू चुनावी मैदानमा उत्रिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539061/house-of-representatives-election-these-are-the-3490-candidates|title=यी हुन् प्रतिनिधिसभाका ३४९० उम्मेदवार (सूचीसहित)|date=७ माघ २०८२|work=रातोपाटी|access-date=२०८२ फागनु २८}}</ref> प्रमुख मितिहरू तल सूचीबद्ध छन्ः {| class="wikitable" !मिति !घटना |- | rowspan="2" |२०८२ असोज २० |प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन |- |मन्त्रिपरिषद्बाट निर्वाचन मिति घोषणा |- |२०८२ मङ्सिर ५ |मतदाता सूचीमा दर्ता गर्ने अन्तिम मिति <ref name="TKP_Voter">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/15/voter-registration-extended-till-nov-21|title=Voter registration extended till Nov 21|last=Ghimire|first=Binod|date=2025-11-15|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> |- |२०८२ मङ्सिर १० |निर्वाचन आयोगसमक्ष पार्टी दर्ता गर्ने अन्तिम दिन <ref name="Hindu_Parties">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/17-new-political-parties-apply-for-registration-at-nepals-election-commission/article70227160.ece|title=17 new political parties apply for registration at Nepal's Election Commission|date=2025-10-31|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/17-new-political-parties-apply-for-registration-at-nepals-election-commission/article70227160.ece "17 new political parties apply for registration at Nepal's Election Commission"]. </cite></ref> |- |१८-२०८२ पुस १९ |दलहरूले आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि प्रारम्भिक बन्द सूची पेश गर्छन् <ref name="DRCN_Timeline">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-15 |title=House of Representative (HoR) Election Timeline 2026 |url=https://www.democracyresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/DRCN_Factsheet-Parliamentary-Elections-of-Nepal-2026-February-2026.pdf |access-date=2026-03-02 |publisher=Democracy Resource Center Nepal }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |२०८२ माघ ५ |निर्वाचन आचार संहिता सुरु <ref name="TKP_Code">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/01/19/election-code-of-conduct-comes-into-effect|title=Election code of conduct comes into effect|date=2026-01-19|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> |- |२०८२ माघ ६ |पहिलो पटक पदका लागि उम्मेदवार नामाङ्कन <ref name="DRCN_Timeline" /> |- |२०८२ माघ ९ |पहिलो विगतका लागि उम्मेदवारको सूची पद अन्तिम र प्रकाशित गरियो |- |२०८२ माघ ९ |आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि बन्द सूची अन्तिम र प्रकाशित <ref name="DRCN_Timeline" /> |- |२०८२ फागुन २१ |'''निर्वाचन मिति'''<ref name="LiveMint_Guide">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-02 |title=Nepal Elections 2026: When is voting, who are key PM candidates, and when will results be out |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/nepal-elections-2026-when-is-voting-who-are-the-key-pm-candidates-and-when-will-results-be-out-all-you-need-to-know-11772421272428.html |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=LiveMint}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.livemint.com/elections/nepal-elections-2026-when-is-voting-who-are-the-key-pm-candidates-and-when-will-results-be-out-all-you-need-to-know-11772421272428.html "Nepal Elections 2026: When is voting, who are key PM candidates, and when will results be out"]. </cite></ref> |} == निर्वाचन प्रणाली == व्यवस्थापिकाका २७५ सदस्यहरू दुई विधिद्वारा निर्वाचित हुन्छन् जसमा १६५ जना एकल-सदस्य निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन]] मतदानद्वारा निर्वाचित हुन्छन् र ११० वटा सिटहरू एकल राष्ट्रव्यापी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट बन्द सूची [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व]]मार्फत निर्वाचित हुन्छन्। मतदाताहरूले दुई विधिहरूका लागि छुट्टै मतपत्रहरू प्राप्त गर्दछन्। एउटा पार्टी वा चुनावी गठबन्धनले समानुपातिक मतमा सिट प्राप्त गर्न समग्र सदर मतको ३% को चुनावी सीमा पार गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। नेपालले समानुपातिक सिटहरू छुट्याउन वेबस्टर विधि प्रयोग गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite act|title=प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन ऐन, २०७४}}</ref> मतदान १८ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा बढी उमेरका स्वस्थ दिमाग भएका र सङ्घीय निर्वाचन सजाय कानुनअन्तर्गत अयोग्य घोषित नगरिएका नेपाली नागरिकहरूमा सीमित छ। २०८२ पुस १२ मा निर्वाचन आयोगले १,८९,०३,६८९ मतदाताहरूको अन्तिम मतदाता सूची प्रकाशित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=निर्वाचन आयोग|url=https://election.gov.np/static/media/ecn.voter_poush_2082.jpg |website=निर्वाचन आयोग}}</ref> === मतदान गर्ने योग्यता === आम चुनावमा मतदान गर्न, निम्न हुनुपर्दछः <ref name=":3">{{Cite act|title=Electoral Roll Act, 2017|type=Act|number=23|article=6 & 23|articletype=section}}</ref> * अन्तिम मतदाता नामावलीमा सूचीकृत * १८ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा बढी उमेरका व्यक्तिहरू * नेपाली नागरिक * स्वस्थ दिमागको * सङ्घीय निर्वाचन धाँधली र सजाय कानुनअनुसार अयोग्य == राजनीतिक दलहरू == {{seealso|नेपालका राजनीतिक दलहरूको सूची}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | दल ! rowspan="2" | संसदीय दल नेता ! colspan="2" | [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९|२०७९]] नतिजा ! rowspan="2" | विघटनको समयमा |- ! समानुपातिक मत (%) ! सिट |- | {{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|full = y}} | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] | २५.७१ | {{Composition bar|८९|२७५|{{party color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}}}} | {{Composition bar|८८|२७५|{{party color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}}}} |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत 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पार्टी}}}} |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी|shortname=जनता समाजवादी पार्टी}} | [[अशोक राई]] | {{NA}} | {{NA}} | {{Composition bar|७|२७५|{{party color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल)}}}} |- | {{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी|full=y}} | [[सिके राउत]] | ३.७४ | {{Composition bar|६|२७५|{{party color|जनमत पार्टी}}}} | {{Composition bar|६|२७५|{{party color|जनमत पार्टी}}}} |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|shortname=जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} | [[उपेन्द्र यादव]] | ३.९९ | {{Composition bar|१२|२७५|{{party color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}}}} | {{Composition bar|५|२७५|{{party color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}}}} |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}} | [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] | २.८३ | {{Composition bar|१०|२७५|{{party color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}}}} | {{Composition bar|१०|२७५|{{party color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}}}} |- | bgcolor="crimson"| | [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] | [[रन्जिता 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{{NA}} | {{NA}} | {{Composition bar|२|२७५|{{party color|Independent}}}} |} == अभियान == === नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस === निर्वाचनअघि नयाँ नेतृत्व चयनमा महिनौँको असहमतिपछि पार्टीका अधिकांश प्रतिनिधिहरूले विशेष महाधिवेशन सम्पन्न गरेका थिए जसमा [[गगन थापा]] पार्टी सभापतिको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। थापा पार्टीबाट प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वार घोषित भएका थिए। पार्टीले सबै १६५ [[नेपालका संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]]मा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो भने गत तीन चुनावमा जितेका [[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] को सट्टा [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] बाट उम्मेदवारी दिने निर्णय गरेका थिए। पार्टीका पूर्व सभापति तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]], कार्यवाहक सभापति [[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का]] र जेन जीको विरोध प्रदर्शनका क्रममा [[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|गृहमन्त्री]] रहेका [[रमेश लेखक]]ले चुनाव लडेनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deuba opts out of elections, marking unexpected political pause |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2026/01/20/deuba-opts-out-of-elections-marking-unexpected-political-pause |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> पार्टीको अभियान नयाँ पुस्ताले पार्टीको नेतृत्व र "नवीकरण" पार्टीको रूपमा उनीहरूको छवि लिनमा केन्द्रित थियो। पार्टीले २०८२ फागुन मा [[जनकपुरधाम उपमहानगरपालिका|जनकपुर]] आफ्नो अभियान र्याली सुरु गरेको थियो। काङ्ग्रेसले [[सुर्खेत जिल्ला|सुर्खेत ]], बाँके, [[बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका|बुटवाल]], पोखरा, [[वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका|वीरगन्ज]] र [[बागलुङ नगरपालिका|बाग्लुङ]] लगायत सहरहरूमा प्रमुख अभियान र्यालीहरू सञ्चालन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मधेसका चार जिल्लामा आज कांग्रेसको चुनावी सभा |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/382956/ |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ८ |website=सेतोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा सुशासन, प्रशासनिक दक्षता र कडा कार्यकाल सीमामा केन्द्रित संरचनात्मक सुधारको आह्वान गरिएको छ। यसले [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]] एक कार्यकाल, [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] र मुख्यमन्त्रीको दुई कार्यकाल, [[नेपालको मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीहरू]] लागि तीन कार्यकाल र पार्टी सूची सांसदहरूका लागि एक कार्यकालको सीमा प्रस्ताव गरेको छ। यसले अस्वीकार गर्ने अधिकार र फिर्ता लिने अधिकारका प्रावधानहरू पेस गर्न पनि आह्वान गरेको छ। आर्थिक मञ्चले उदार, बजार समर्थक नीतिहरूमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको छ जसमा स्थिर कर प्रणाली, निजी क्षेत्रको लगानीका लागि प्रोत्साहन, १० लाख सम्मको आयका लागि कर छुट, र कृषिको व्यावसायीकरण समावेश छ। घोषणापत्रमा योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणाली, विश्वव्यापी स्वास्थ्य सेवा र माध्यमिक स्तरसम्म निःशुल्क शिक्षाका लागि प्रतिबद्धता व्यक्त गरिएको छ। पार्टीले अधिक पारदर्शिता, जलविद्युतको विस्तार र राष्ट्रिय विद्युतीकरणको प्राथमिकताका लागि सार्वजनिक कार्यको उदीयमान प्रक्रियामा सुधार गर्ने योजनाहरूको रूपरेखा पनि प्रस्तुत गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=२०० पेज लामो कांग्रेसको प्रतिज्ञापत्रमा के छ ? (पूर्णपाठ) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/545143/what-is-in-the-200-page-long-congress-manifesto-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ८ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === नेकपा (एमाले) === पार्टीले २०८२ पुस ३ मा आफ्नो ११औँ महाधिवेशन सम्पन्न गरी [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]लाई पार्टी अध्यक्षको रूपमा पुनः निर्वाचित गरेको थियो। ओलीलाई पार्टीबाट प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वारको रूपमा पनि घोषणा गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले सबै १६५ वटा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो, तर पछि अभियानको क्रममा हिंसा रोक्न स्थानीयरूले हस्तक्षेप गरेपछि नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका उम्मेदवार टेकबहादुर गुरुङको पक्षमा [[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] बाट पछि हटेको थियो। यसको बदलामा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले आगामी प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचनमा नेकपा (एमाले)का उम्मेदवारलाई समर्थन गर्नुपर्नेछ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मनाङमा एमाले र राप्रपाको उमेदवारी फिर्ता लिन निवेदन |url=https://baahrakhari.com/detail/475607/ |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=बाह्रखरी}}</ref> पार्टीले [[कर्णाली प्रदेश|कर्णाली]]का अधिकांश निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा समर्थनको बदलामा पश्चिम रुकुममा [[प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (नेपाल)|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]]का उम्मेदवार [[जनार्दन शर्मा]] अनौपचारिक रूपमा समर्थन गर्न सहमत भएता पनि एमालेका आफ्नै उम्मेदवारहरू उम्मेद्वारी फिर्ता नलिएपछि पुन: सहमति भङ्ग भएको थियो।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=एमाले र प्रलोपाबिच नयाँ सहमति, रुकुम पूर्वमा एमालेको उम्मेदवार कायम रहने |url=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/187842/2026-02-04 |access-date=२०८१ फागुन ८ |website=नयाँ पत्रिका|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन|जेनजी आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] प्रधानमन्त्री थिए र उनले चुनावलाई राष्ट्र-निर्माणकर्ता र राष्ट्र-विध्वंसकहरू बीचको जनमत सङ्ग्रह भनेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-19 |title='A Referendum Between Nation-Builders and Nation-Destroyers': Oli |url=https://eng.dragonmedia.com.np/a-referendum-between-nation-builders-and-nation-destroyers-oli/ |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=Dragon Media |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा व्यापक सामाजिक सुरक्षा जालसहित कल्याणकारी प्रणालीको वाचा गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले १८–२८ उमेर समूहका लागि १० जिबी निःशुल्क मासिक इन्टरनेट डाटा, विदेशी व्यापारलाई सहज बनाउन १० हजार डलरको कार्ड र २० लाख सम्मको ब्याज रहित उच्च शिक्षा ऋण दिने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा मासिक न्यूनतम ज्याला बढाएर २५ हजार पुऱ्याउने, रेमिट्यान्स फिर्ता गर्ने प्रवासी श्रमिकलाई मासिक ५ हजार प्रोत्साहन दिने र प्रवासी श्रमिकहरूलाई योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणालीमा एकीकृत गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो। यसले गर्भवती महिलाका लागि निःशुल्क जीवन बीमामा ५ लाख सँगसँगै २० हजारको मातृ भत्ता दिने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=एमालेले सार्वजनिक गर्‍यो चुनावी घोषणापत्र [पूर्णपाठ] |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/02/19/uml-releases-election-manifesto-full-text-52-06.html |access-date=२०८१ फागुन ८ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी === यो पार्टी [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]], [[नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] सहित अन्य आठ वामपन्थी समूहहरूको विलयबाट गठन भएको थियो। पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[भीमबहादुर रावल|भीम रावल]], [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] र [[नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी]]को एउटा गुट पनि पार्टीमा सामेल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine parties, including Maoist Centre, merge to form "Nepali Communist Party" |url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/politics/nine-parties-including-maoist-centre-merge-to-form-nepali-communist-party/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Nepal News |language=en}}</ref> [[बागलुङ जिल्ला]]का लागि पार्टी र [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]]ले चुनावी गठबन्धन गरेको थियो। गठबन्धनको रूपमा, पार्टीले बाग्लुङ १ मा जनमोर्चाका उम्मेदवार कृष्ण अधिकारीलाई समर्थन गरेको थियो, र बदलामा, जनमोर्चाले [[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाग्लुङ २]] मा नेकपाका उम्मेदवार ज्ञामनाथ गैरेलाई समर्थन गरेको थियो। पार्टीका वरिष्ठ नेता, पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[झलनाथ खनाल]] र पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[वामदेव गौतम]]ले चुनाव नलड्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhala Nath Khanal and Bamdev Gautam not to contest election |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/165824/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Setopati}}</ref> पार्टीले २०८२ माघ २७ मा आफ्नो घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो, जसमा सुशासन, रोजगारी सिर्जना, समाज कल्याण र संस्थागत सुधारमा केन्द्रित थियो। घोषणापत्रमा कृषि र [[जलविद्युत]] लगानी, सीमान्तकृत समुदायका लागि आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व र लक्षित कार्यक्रमहरूलाई बढावा दिने नीतिहरू, सङ्घीय नागरिक सेवा ऐन र प्रहरी ऐनसहित सङ्घीयता सम्बन्धी कानुनहरू लागु गरेर सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र प्रणालीलाई सुदृढ पार्ने र राष्ट्रिय बजेटको ६० प्रतिशत [[नेपालका प्रादेशिक सरकारहरू|प्रादेश]] र स्थानीय सरकारलाई छुट दिने कुरामा जोड दिइएको थियो। यसले विश्वव्यापी स्वास्थ्य सेवाको कार्यान्वयन, बेरोजगारी बिमा प्रणाली सुरु गर्ने, योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा कोषमा अनिवार्य भर्ना र दुई बच्चासम्मका लागि गर्भवती महिलाका लागि छ महिनाको प्रसूति बिदा प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा सबै सार्वजनिक पदधारीको सम्पत्ति अनुसन्धान गर्न उच्चस्तरीय आयोग गठन गर्न पनि आह्वान गरिएको थियो भने शान्ति प्रक्रिया सम्पन्न गर्न प्रतिबद्ध जाहेर गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=CPN-UML Unveils Detailed Manifesto for House of Representatives Election, Focusing on Governance and Employment |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/47856/ncps-election-commitment-read-the-milestones-and-plans-in-highlights |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Ratopati |language=en}}</ref> === राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी === पार्टीले स्वतन्त्र [[काठमाडौँ]] नगरप्रमुख [[बालेन शाह]] ल्याउने सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरी उनलाई प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वार घोषणा गरेको थियो। [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]]लाई पार्टीमा विलय गर्ने सम्झौतामा पनि हस्ताक्षर भएको थियो, तर पछि सम्झौता तोडिएको थियो। [[विवेकशील साझा पार्टी]] चुनावअघि नै पार्टीमा गाभिएको भएको थियो। शाहले [[नेकपा (एमाले)]]का अध्यक्ष तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले जित्दै आएको क्षेत्र झापा ५ बाट चुनाव लड्ने निर्णय गरेका थिउ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balen Shah files candidacy from Jhapa-5 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-1/2026/01/20/balen-shah-files-candidacy-from-jhapa-5 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> २०८२ माघ ६ मा जनकपुरमा भएको भेलामा बालेन शाह औपचारिक रूपमा पार्टीमा सामेल भएर समर्थकहरूलाई अभिवादन गर्दै पार्टीको अभियान सुरु भएको थियो। शाहलाई मधेशबाट बन्ने पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा अगाडि राखिएको थियो। अर्को दिन पार्टीले [[वीरेन्द्रनगर नगरपालिका|वीरेन्द्रनगर]] एउटा र्यालीमा आफ्नो घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो। धनुषा १ का उम्मेदवार किशोरी साह कमल कालो सूचीमा फेला परेपछि चुनावको दुई दिन अघि पार्टीको उम्मेद्वारलाई निर्वाचन आयोगले खारेज गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=धनुषा-१ का रास्वपा उम्मेदवार किशोरी साहको उम्मेदवारी खारेज |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1882190/candidacy-of-rsvp-candidate-kishori-sah-from-dhanusha-1-rejected |access-date=२०८२ फागुन १८ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको वाचापत्रमा प्रशासनलाई सुव्यवस्थित बनाउने उद्देश्यले संवैधानिक संशोधन र संस्थागत सुधारको वकालत गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले विधायकहरूलाई मन्त्रीमण्डल सदस्यका रूपमा सेवा गर्नबाट रोक्ने शक्तिहरूको विभाजनसँगै प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित कार्यकारी र पूर्ण [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] संसदमा सङ्क्रमणको प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। पार्टीले पार्टी सम्बद्ध विद्यार्थी सङ्घ, ट्रेड युनियन र निजामती कर्मचारी सङ्घहरू विघटन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। यसले प्रदेश सरकारहरूको पुनर्गठन र गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय सरकारहरू सिर्जना गर्ने पनि लक्ष्य राखेको थियो। पार्टीको उदार आर्थिक नीतिले प्रतिस्पर्धा नियामक निर्माणको वकालत गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा जलविद्युतको विस्तार, राष्ट्रिय इन्जिनियरिङ र भवन मापदण्डको कार्यान्वयन र एकीकृत स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रणालीको कार्यान्वयन गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता पनि रहेको छ। पार्टीले २०४६ देखि विभिन्न पदमा रहेका सबै सार्वजनिक अधिकारीहरूको सम्पत्ति अनुसन्धानलाई गर्ने जनाएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=यस्तो छ रास्वपाको बाचापत्र (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://nepallive.com/story/344411/ |access-date=२०८२ माघ ६ |website=नेपाल लाइभ}}</ref> === राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी === कमल थापा नेतृत्वको [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी नेपाल]] यसमा एकीकरण भएको थियो र चुनावअघि राजतन्त्र समर्थक मतलाई बलियो बनाएको थियो। पार्टीले सबै १६५ निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो, तर यसले [[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] र [[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] बाट आफ्नो उम्मेदवारी फिर्ता लिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RPP candidate Karvika Thapa withdraws candidacy from Rupandehi-2 over US PR issue |url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2026/23/517458/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Khabarhub |language=en}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा [[संवैधानिक राजतन्त्र]] पुनर्वाहल गर्ने, धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता साथ सनातन हिन्दु राज्यको पुनर्स्थापना, केन्द्रीय सरकार र बलियो, गैर-पक्षपाती स्थानीय सरकारहरू मिलेर बनेको दुई-स्तरीय शासन संरचनाको पक्षमा सङ्घीय प्रणालीलाई खारेज गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०४६|२०४६]] पछि सार्वजनिक पदधारी र निजामती कर्मचारीहरूको सम्पत्तिको अनुसन्धान गर्न नागरिक आयोग गठन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रको "सुधार ३.०" आर्थिक नीतिले पार्टी-सम्बद्ध ट्रेड युनियनहरू विघटन गर्ने, प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियालाई सुव्यवस्थित गर्ने, र विदेशी लगानीलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्न कर प्रणाली र कानुनहरूमा सुधार गर्ने लगायतका निजी-समर्थक व्यापार सुधारहरूमा जोड दिएको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा जलविद्युत उत्पादन विस्तार, सरकारी विद्यालयमा निःशुल्क आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा र प्राथमिक तथा माध्यमिक शिक्षा, र पाहाडी तथा पर्वतीय क्षेत्रमा उच्च मूल्यको कृषि तथा जडिबुटी औषधि उद्योगका लागि अनुदानको माग गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राप्रपाको संकल्प-पत्र : प्रदेश खारेजी, बन्दहडताल नगर्ने [पूर्णपाठ] |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/02/14/rpps-resolution-no-province-abolition-no-strike-24-32.html |access-date=२०८२ फागुन २ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=ne}}</ref> === जनता समाजवादी पार्टी नेपाल === [[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]], [[तराई-मधेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|तराई मादेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] र [[जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी (नेपाल)|जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी]] मनोनयनको समयसीमा अघि नै पार्टीमा विलय भएको थियो। पार्टीले २०८२ माघ १२ मा सङ्घीय संरचनालाई सुदृढ पार्ने कुरामा केन्द्रित २७-बुँदे घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो। यसले जातीय पहिचान सुनिश्चित गर्न उच्च-स्तरीय राज्य पुनर्गठन आयोगको प्रतिवेदनको आधारमा "१०+१" सङ्घीय मोडेल कार्यान्वयन गर्ने वकालत गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा माधेश र जनजाति आन्दोलनहरूको माग, साथै जेनजी विरोधलाई समावेश गर्दै संवैधानिक संशोधनको आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[राष्ट्रपतीय प्रणाली|राष्ट्रपति प्रणाली]], गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय चुनाव, [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व, र [[दलित]] र महिलाका लागि आरक्षित निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा परिवर्तन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा युवा बेरोजगारी बीमाको कार्यान्वयन, जनसङ्ख्या र मानव विकास सूचकहरूमा आधारित विकेन्द्रीकृत बजेट विनियोजन, र नेपालका सबै भाषाहरूको आधिकारिक प्रयोगको प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जसपा नेपालले सार्वजनिक गर्‍याे २७ बुँदे घाेषणापत्र |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539925/janata-samajwadi-party-nepal-releases-27-point-manifesto |access-date=२०८२ माघ १३ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी === यो पार्टी [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का नेताहरूद्वारा गठन गरिएको थियो जसले पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[बाबुराम भट्टराई]] र [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का पूर्व प्रमुख सचेतक सन्तोष परियारको नेतृत्वमा रहेको नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी (नयाँ शक्ति) सँगसँगै नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको गठनमा असहमति जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maoists and other groups merge, launch Pragatisheel Loktantrik Party |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2025/11/23/pragatisheel-loktantrik-party-formally-announced |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> पार्टी पश्चिमी रुकुममा [[जनार्दन शर्मा]] समर्थनको बदलामा [[कर्णाली प्रदेश|कर्णाली]] अधिकांश निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा [[नेकपा (एमाले)]] उम्मेद्वारहरूलाई अनौपचारिक रूपमा समर्थन गर्न सहमत भएको थियो। पार्टीले [[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालीकोट १]] आफ्नो उम्मेदवार फिर्ता लिने र [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)]] उम्मेदवार [[खड्गबहादुर विश्वकर्मा]]लाई समर्थन गर्ने निर्णय पनि गरेको छ। बाबुराम भट्टाराईले पनि गोर्खा २ बाट आफ्नो उम्मेद्वार फिर्ता लिएका थिए। पार्टीले पछि [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] दुई निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसलाई समर्थन गर्ने निर्णय गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोरखामा बाबुराम आबद्ध प्रलोपाले कांग्रेसलाई सघाउने |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/02/1880392/baburam-affiliated-pralopa-to-support-congress-in-gorkha |access-date=२०८२ फागुन १६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[राष्ट्रपतीय प्रणाली|राष्ट्रपति प्रणाली]], प्रदेश प्रमुखहरूका लागि प्रत्यक्ष चुनाव र पूर्ण [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] परिवर्तनको आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले सङ्घीय संसदलाई विधायी कर्तव्यहरूमा सीमित गर्ने र कार्यकारी प्रमुखद्वारा छनोट गरिएको मन्त्रिपरिषद् गठन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा कार्यपालिकाको नेतृत्वमा राष्ट्रिय विकास प्राधिकरण गठन गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले माध्यमिक तहसम्म निःशुल्क शिक्षा, निःशुल्क आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा र एकीकृत सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणालीको पनि प्रस्ताव गरेको छ। पार्टीले २१ देखि ३० वर्षका व्यक्तिहरूलाई १०० दिनको रोजगारी वा बेरोजगारी लाभमा बराबर प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा विदेशमा रहेका नेपालीहरूलाई अस्वीकार गर्ने अधिकार र फिर्ता बोलाउने अधिकार र मतदान गर्ने अधिकार पेस गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले प्रगतिशील करलाई समर्थन गर्दै प्रवासी नेपालीहरू र कृषि बिमा लगायत विदेशी लगानीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरेको थियो। यसले तीन पुस्तासम्मका नेपाली आप्रवासीका सन्तानलाई वंशद्वारा नागरिकता प्रदान गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रलोपाद्वारा घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक, प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति र पूर्ण समानुपातिक प्रणालीमा जोड (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/544195/pralopa-releases-manifesto-emphasizes-directly-elected-president-and-fully-proportional-system-with-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ७ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी === पार्टी चुनावको घोषणा पछि गठन भएको थियो। [[सुशीला कार्कीको अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०८२|अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]का मन्त्रीका रूपमा कार्यरत रहेका [[कुलमान घिसिङ]] २०८२ पुस २३ मा राजीनामा दिएर पार्टीमा सामेल भएका थिए। पार्टीले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] विलय गर्ने सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो, तर सम्झौता पछि तोडिएको थियो। पार्टीले दुई दललाई एकताबद्ध गर्न [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]]सँग सम्झौता गरेको छ। पार्टीको सूची पेस गर्न मनोनयनको समयसीमा सकिएपछि उज्जयालो नेपालका सदस्यहरू समावेस गर्न परिवर्तनको पार्टी सूची परिमार्जन गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ujyalo Nepal Party submits updated PR list under Rastriya Pariwartan Party |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/165774/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=सेतोपाटी}}</ref> २०८२ फागुन ३ मा पार्टीले आफ्नो चुनावी घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो, जसको उद्देश्य "विकास दशक" हो। पार्टीले प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[मुख्यमन्त्री (नेपाल)|मुख्यमन्त्री]] र गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय चुनावहरूसँगै सङ्घीय विधायकहरूलाई २०१ र प्रदेश सभा सदस्यहरूलाई ३३० मा घटाउने वकालत गर्दै प्रशासनको आकार घटाउने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। यसले मतपत्र अस्वीकार गर्ने र अनुपस्थित हुने अधिकारको परिचय गराउने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा विश्वविद्यालयको निःशुल्क शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सेवा, गाँजा र स्थानीय रक्सीको व्यापारिक ब्रान्डिङ गरी जैविक खेतीको निर्यात र प्रवर्द्धन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले प्राथमिक बजार मूल्यमा प्रत्येक घरलाई जलविद्युत स्टकको १,००० सेयरको सुनिश्चिता गर्दै नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा विस्तारमा पनि ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको थियो। यसले राजनीतिक रूपमा सम्बद्ध ट्रेड युनियनहरूको उन्मूलन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टीको घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक, प्रदेशमा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित मुख्यमन्त्रीदेखि ९ लाख रोजगारीको बाचासम्म (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/544187/ujjaya-nepal-partys-manifesto-made-public-from-directly-elected-chief-minister-in-the-province-to-the-promise-of-900000-jobs-with-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ७ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == उम्मेदवारहरू == === दलहरू === [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] ले २१ फागुन २०८२ का लागि हुने चुनाव लड्न चाहने राजनीतिक दलहरूलाई १० मङ्सिर २०८२ भित्र दर्ता गर्न आह्वान गरेको थियो। निर्वाचन लड्नका लागि आयोगसँग १२० राजनीतिक दल दर्ता भएका थिए भने ६८ दलले मात्रै उम्मेदवार मैदानमा उतारेका थिए। ६४ दलहरूले समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली अन्तर्गत बन्द सूचीहरू पेश गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=A total of 120 parties seek to contest March 5 elections |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2025/12/01/a-total-of-120-parties-seek-to-contest-march-5-elections |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |+ एउटै निर्वाचन चिन्ह अन्तर्गत कम्तीमा ५० क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवारी दिएका दलहरू ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |दल ! colspan="2" |चिन्ह ! rowspan="2" |विचारधारा ! rowspan="2" |नेता ! rowspan="2" |नेताको निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! rowspan="2" |प्रतिस्पर्धा गरिएका सिटहरू ! rowspan="2" |पुरुष उम्मेदवार ! rowspan="2" |महिला उम्मेदवार |- !प्रत्यक्ष !समानुपातिक |- | {{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Tree.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[तेस्रो मार्ग]] |[[गगन थापा]] |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |१६५ |१५४ |११ |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|shortname=नेकपा (एमाले)}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Sun.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]]<br>[[जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद]] |[[केपी शर्मा ओली]] |[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] |१६४ |१५४ |१० |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Star.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]] |[[पुष्प कमल दाहाल]] |[[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पूर्वी रुकुम १]] |१६४ |१५२ |१२ |- | {{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Bell no cirlce.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[प्रगतिशील उदारवाद]] |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |[[चितवन २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|चितवन २]] |१६३ |१४८ |१६ |- | {{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Plow.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[संवैधानिक राजतन्त्रवाद]]<br>[[आर्थिक उदारवाद]]<br>[[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद]] |[[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]] |[[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] |१६३ |१५५ |८ |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Umbrella full.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]] |[[उपेन्द्र यादव]] |[[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] |९४ |८६ |८ |- | {{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Horn.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]]<br>[[मधेशी]] हित |[[सिके राउत]] |[[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] |६१ |५७ |४ |- | {{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Eye.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[प्रगतिशील समाजवाद]] |[[दुर्गा सोब]] |पार्टी सूची |८२ |८० |२ |- |{{party name with color|नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[जुचे]]<br>[[माओवाद]] |[[नारायणमान बिजुक्छे]] |''प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेनन्'' |१२० |६६ |५४ |- |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:RaJaMo.png|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]] |[[चित्रबहादुर केसी]] |पार्टी सूची |७० |६१ |९ |- | {{party color cell|उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी|rowspan=2}} | [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] |[[File:Simple light bulb graphic.png|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] |[[File:Nepalese election symbol flute.jpg|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[प्रगतिवाद]] |[[कुलमान घिसिङ]] |[[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] |१०५ |९९ |६ |- |[[राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]] | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese election symbol flute.jpg|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] | |राजेश पोर्तेल |पार्टी सूची |१७ |१५ |२ |- |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Rose.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद–माओवाद]] |[[नेत्रविक्रम चन्द]] |''प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेनन्'' |१३० |१२६ |४ |- |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Soil in Hands.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[हरित राजनीति]]<br>[[स्थानीयतावाद]]<br>[[कृषि केन्द्रित राजनीति]] |[[हर्कराज राई]] |[[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] |१०९ |१०२ |७ |- |{{party name with color|मङ्गोल नेसनल अर्गनाइजेसन|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Mongol National Organisation.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[धर्मनिरपेक्षता]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]]<br>[[जनजाति]] हित |बुद्धलाल मेचे |[[इलाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम १]] |११३ |९८ |१५ |} {{col-end}} === २०७९-८२ विभिन्न राजनीतिक सम्बद्धता अन्तर्गत चुनाव लड्ने सांसदहरू === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !निर्गमन सांसद ! colspan="2" |२०७९ को दल !२०७९ को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! colspan="2" |२०८२ को दल !२०८२ को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र |- |[[कृष्णकुमार श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}} |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)}} |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |- |[[प्रदीप यादव]] |{{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)}} |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |- |[[वीरेन्द्रप्रसाद महतो]] |{{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |{{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी}} |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |- |[[अब्दुल खान]] |{{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |{{party name with color|नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] |- |[[किरणकुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |- |[[सन्तोष परियार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |{{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |- |[[जनार्दन शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)}} |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम रुकुम १]] |{{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी}} |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम रुकुम १]] |- |[[अमरेश कुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |- |[[योगेन्द्र मण्डल]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय ऊर्जाशील पार्टी नेपाल|shortname=ऊर्जाशील}} |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |} == २०७९–८२ का पुनःनिर्वाचनमा नउत्रने सांसदहरू == ;नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[रामनाथ अधिकारी]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेसका १० नेताद्वारा निर्वाचन नलड्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538244/10-nepali-congress-leaders-announce-they-will-not-contest-the-election|access-date=2026-01-19|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडू]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडूद्वारा चुनावी मैदान छाड्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/536822/dilendra-prasad-badu-announces-withdrawal-from-the-election-fray|access-date=2026-01-18|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[राजेन्द्र बजगाईं]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोरखा–१ बाट उम्मेदवारी नदिने बजगाईंको घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538121/bajgain-announces-not-to-contest-from-gorkha-1|access-date=2026-01-18|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[वीरबहादुर बलायर]] * [[मोहनबहादुर बस्नेत]] * [[सन्तोष चालिसे]] * [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=शेरबहादुर देउवा आगामी प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचनमा उम्मेदवार नहुने|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538435/sher-bahadur-deuba-will-not-be-a-candidate-in-the-upcoming-house-of-representatives-elections|access-date=2026-01-19|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[श्यामकुमार घिमिरे]] * [[धनराज गुरुङ]] * [[सीता गुरुङ]] * [[विष्णुकुमार कार्की]] * [[राजेन्द्रकुमार केसी]]<ref name=":02" /> * [[दीपक खड्का]] * [[नारायण खड्का]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narayan Khadka asks Nepali Congress to withdraw his name from House candidate recommendation|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2026/17/516453/|access-date=2026-01-17|website=Khabarhub|language=en}}</ref> * [[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का]] * [[रामहरी खतिवडा]] * [[शशाङ्क कोइराला]] * [[डिगबहादुर लिम्बू]] * [[बद्री पाण्डे]]<ref name=":02" /> * [[दिल्लीराज पन्त]] * [[विश्वप्रकाश शर्मा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेस उपसभापति शर्मा उम्मेदवार नबन्ने भएपछि झापा-१ मा नयाँ नाम सिफारिस|url=https://ekantipur.com/koshi-pradesh/2026/01/17/new-name-recommended-in-jhapa-1-after-congress-vice-president-sharma-not-to-run-58-40.html|access-date=2026-01-17|website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[प्रकाशमान सिंह]] * [[पूर्णबहादुर तामाङ]] * [[ऐनबहादुर शाही ठाकुरी]] * [[राजु थापा]] * [[हृदयराम थानी]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=२१ फागुनको चुनाव नलड्ने पूर्वमन्त्री हृदयराम थानीको घोषणा|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/01/1849269/former-minister-hridayram-thani-announces-he-will-not-contest-the-february-21-election|access-date=2026-01-17|website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[रामकृष्ण यादव]] {{div col end}} ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एमाले) {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[भीम आचार्य]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-17|title=भीम आचार्यले गरे उम्मेदवार नबन्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.nepalpress.com/2026/01/17/684453/bhim-acharya-announces-he-will-not-run-for-office/|access-date=2026-01-18|website=नेपाल प्रेस|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[बलराम अधिकारी]] * [[गोकुल बास्कोटा]] * [[महेश बस्नेत]] * [[छविलाल विश्वकर्मा]] * [[विद्या भट्टराई]] * [[योगेश भट्टराई]] * [[वासुदेव घिमिरे]] * [[मङ्गलप्रसाद गुप्ता]] * [[राजकुमार गुप्ता]] * [[मनबहादुर गुरुङ]] * [[वसन्तकुमार नेम्वाङ]] * [[ऋषिकेश पोखरेल]] * [[मनवीर राई]] * [[टोपबहादुर रायमाझी]] * [[कृष्णगोपाल श्रेष्ठ]] * [[हरिप्रसाद उप्रेती]] * [[रामशङ्कर यादव]] {{div col end}} ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) * [[सूर्यमान दोङ]] * [[सुदन किराती]] * छिरिङ दाम्दुल लामा * [[पूर्णबहादुर घर्ती मगर]] * [[रेखा शर्मा]] {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} ;राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी * [[विक्रम पाण्डे]] * [[धवल शमशेर राणा]] ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी) * [[भानुभक्त जोशी]] * [[प्रकाश ज्वाला]] * [[शेरबहादुर कुँवर]] {{col-3}} ;जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल * [[नवलकिशोर साह सुडी]] ;जनता समाजवादी पार्टी * [[अशोक राई]] ;लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी * [[महन्थ ठाकुर]] {{col-3}} ;नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी * [[अरुणकुमार चौधरी]] * [[गङ्गा राम चौधरी]] * [[लालवीर चौधरी]] * [[रञ्जिता श्रेष्ठ]] {{col-end}} == नतिजा == {{Election results |image=[[File:House_of_Representatives_Nepal_2026.svg]] | firstround = [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] | secondround = [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | electorate = 18903689 | electorate2 = 18903689 | party1 = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] | votes1 = 5183493 | seats1 = 57 | votes1_2 = 4650697 | seats1_2 = 125 | totseats1 = 182 | sc1 = +१६२ | party2 = [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] | votes2 = 1759172 | seats2 = 20 | votes2_2 = 2008639 | seats2_2 = 18 | totseats2 = 38 | sc2 = -५१ | party3 = [[नेकपा (एमाले)]] | votes3 = 1455885 | seats3 = 16 | votes3_2 = 1623159 | seats3_2 = 9 | totseats3 = 25 | sc3 = -५३ | party4 = [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] | votes4 = 811577 | seats4 = 9 | votes4_2 = 976016 | seats4_2 = 8 | totseats4 = 17 | sc4 = -२८ | party5 = [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]] | votes5 = 385856 | seats5 = 4 | votes5_2 = 303902 | seats5_2 = 3 | totseats5 = 7 | sc5 = ''नयाँ'' | party6 = [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] | votes6 = 330684 | seats6 = 4 | votes6_2 = 207270 | seats6_2 = 1 | totseats6 = 5 | sc6 = -९ | party7 = [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]] | votes7 = 182285 | seats7 = 0 | votes7_2 = 193303 | seats7_2 = 0 | totseats7 = 0 | sc7 = -१२ | party8 = [[राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]] | votes8 = 172493 | seats8 = 0 | votes8_2 = 10006 | seats8_2 = 0 | totseats8 = 0 | sc8 = ''नयाँ'' | party9 = [[जनमत पार्टी]] | votes9 = 79435 | seats9 = 0 | votes9_2 = 63764 | seats9_2 = 0 | totseats9 = 0 | sc9 = -६ | party10 = [[राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति पार्टी नेपाल]] – [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] – [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल]] | votes10 = 62069 | seats10 = 0 | votes10_2 = 50049 | seats10_2 = 0 | totseats10 = 0 | sc10 = ''नयाँ'' | party11 = [[नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी]] | votes11 = 42301 | seats11 = 0 | votes11_2 = 41018 | seats11_2 = 0 | totseats11 = 0 | sc11 = -१ | party12 = राष्ट्र निर्माण दल नेपाल | votes12 = 39577 | seats12 = 0 | votes12_2 = 5030 | seats12_2 = 0 | totseats12 = 0 | sc12 = ''नयाँ'' | party13 = [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]] | votes13 = 29455 | seats13 = 0 | votes13_2 = 24793 | seats13_2 = 0 | totseats13 = 0 | sc13 = -१ | party14 = [[नेपाल सङ्घीय समाजवादी पार्टी]] – बहुजन एकता पार्टी नेपाल – नेपाल जनजागृति पार्टी | votes14 = 29436 | seats14 = 0 | votes14_2 = 10160 | seats14_2 = 0 | totseats14 = 0 | party15 = नेपाल जनता संरक्षण पार्टी | votes15 = 28424 | seats15 = 0 | votes15_2 = 588 | seats15_2 = 0 | totseats15 = 0 | party16 = [[प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] | votes16 = 24675 | seats16 = 0 | votes16_2 = 24939 | seats16_2 = 0 | totseats16 = 0 | sc16 = ''नयाँ'' | party17 = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)]] | votes17 = 23864 | seats17 = 0 | votes17_2 = 32099 | seats17_2 = 0 | totseats17 = 0 | party18 = [[मङ्गोल नेसनल अर्गनाइजेसन]] | votes18 = 20829 | seats18 = 0 | votes18_2 = 17898 | seats18_2 = 0 | totseats18 = 0 | party19 = [[आम जनता पार्टी]] – [[जनादेश पार्टी]] | votes19 = 19832 | seats19 = 0 | votes19_2 = 19918 | seats19_2 = 0 | totseats19 = 0 | sc19 = ''नयाँ'' | party20 = सर्वभूम नागरिक पार्टी | votes20 = 14887 | seats20 = 0 | votes20_2 = 1716 | seats20_2 = 0 | totseats20 = 0 | party21 = राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति आन्दोलन, नेपाल | votes21 = 10726 | seats21 = 0 | votes21_2 = 569 | seats21_2 = 0 | totseats21 = 0 | party22 = संयुक्त नागरिक पार्टी | votes22 = 9142 | seats22 = 0 | votes22_2 = 1866 | seats22_2 = 0 | totseats22 = 0 | party23 = स्वाभिमान पार्टी | votes23 = 8156 | seats23 = 0 | votes23_2 = 11404 | seats23_2 = 0 | totseats23 = 0 | party24 = [[राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टी]] | votes24 = 7210 | seats24 = 0 | votes24_2 = 3599 | seats24_2 = 0 | totseats24 = 0 | party25 = [[नेपाल जनता पार्टी]] | votes25 = 7164 | seats25 = 0 | votes25_2 = 2537 | seats25_2 = 0 | totseats25 = 0 | party26 = राष्ट्रिय एकता दल | votes26 = 7071 | seats26 = 0 | votes26_2 = 1455 | seats26_2 = 0 | totseats26 = 0 | party27 = [[नेकपा (माले)]] | votes27 = 6172 | seats27 = 0 | votes27_2 = | seats27_2 = 0 | totseats27 = 0 | party28 = राष्ट्रिय गौरव पार्टी | votes28 = 5250 | seats28 = 0 | votes28_2 = | seats28_2 = 0 | totseats28 = 0 | party29 = नेसनल रिपब्लिक नेपाल | votes29 = 5161 | seats29 = 0 | votes29_2 = 4862 | seats29_2 = 0 | totseats29 = 0 | sc29 = ''नयाँ'' | party30 = [[गतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] | votes30 = 5101 | seats30 = 0 | votes30_2 = 229 | seats30_2 = 0 | totseats30 = ''नयाँ'' | party31 = नेपालका लागि नेपाली पार्टी | votes31 = 5019 | seats31 = 0 | votes31_2 = 2881 | seats31_2 = 0 | totseats31 = 0 | party32 = नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी मार्क्सवादी (पुष्पलाल) | votes32 = 4832 | seats32 = 0 | votes32_2 = 408 | seats32_2 = 0 | totseats32 = 0 | party33 = [[सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च]] | votes33 = 4681 | seats33 = 0 | votes33_2 = 2129 | seats33_2 = 0 | totseats33 = 0 | party34 = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (संयुक्त)]] | votes34 = 4515 | seats34 = 0 | votes34_2 = 1680 | seats34_2 = 0 | totseats34 = 0 | party35 = राष्ट्रिय उर्जाशील पार्टी, नेपाल | votes35 = 4321 | seats35 = 0 | votes35_2 = 4304 | seats35_2 = 0 | totseats35 = 0 | party36 = समवेशी समाजवादी पार्टी नेपाल | votes36 = 4284 | seats36 = 0 | votes36_2 = 393 | seats36_2 = 0 | totseats36 = 0 | party37 = नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes37 = 4123 | seats37 = 0 | votes37_2 = 320 | seats37_2 = 0 | totseats37 = 0 | party38 = नेपाल मातृभूमि पार्टी | votes38 = 3228 | seats38 = 0 | votes38_2 = 23 | seats38_2 = 0 | totseats38 = 0 | party39 = जय मातृभूमि पार्टी | votes39 = 2981 | seats39 = 0 | votes39_2 = 707 | seats39_2 = 0 | totseats39 = 0 | party40 = राष्ट्रिय जनता पार्टी नेपाल | votes40 = 2936 | seats40 = 0 | votes40_2 = 13 | seats40_2 = 0 | totseats40 = 0 | party41 = [[बहुजन शक्ति पार्टी]] | votes41 = 2775 | seats41 = 0 | votes41_2 = 354 | seats41_2 = 0 | totseats41 = 0 | party42 = प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी नेपाल | votes42 = 2246 | seats42 = 0 | votes42_2 = 37 | seats42_2 = 0 | totseats42 = 0 | party43 = नेपाल जनमुक्ति पार्टी | votes43 = 2172 | seats43 = 0 | votes43_2 = 835 | seats43_2 = 0 | totseats43 = 0 | party44 = जनअधिकार पार्टी | votes44 = 2117 | seats44 = 0 | votes44_2 = 544 | seats44_2 = 0 | totseats44 = 0 | party45 = [[नेपाल सद्भावना पार्टी]] | votes45 = 2018 | seats45 = 0 | votes45_2 = 109 | seats45_2 = 0 | totseats45 = 0 | party46 = पिपुल्स फर्स्ट पार्टी | votes46 = 1800 | seats46 = 0 | votes46_2 = 369 | seats46_2 = 0 | totseats46 = 0 | party47 = नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (वि.पी.) | votes47 = 1788 | seats47 = 0 | votes47_2 = | seats47_2 = 0 | totseats47 = 0 | party48 = नागरिक शक्ति, नेपाल | votes48 = 1733 | seats48 = 0 | votes48_2 = | seats48_2 = 0 | totseats48 = 0 | party49 = नेपाली जनश्रमदान संस्कृति पार्टी | votes49 = 1639 | seats49 = 0 | votes49_2 = 172 | seats49_2 = 0 | totseats49 = 0 | party50 = [[नेपाली जनता दल]] | votes50 = 1454 | seats50 = 0 | votes50_2 = 256 | seats50_2 = 0 | totseats50 = 0 | party51 = समवेशी समाजवादी पार्टी | votes51 = 1397 | seats51 = 0 | votes51_2 = 234 | seats51_2 = 0 | totseats51 = 0 | party52 = जनता लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी, नेपाल | votes52 = 1303 | seats52 = 0 | votes52_2 = 77 | seats52_2 = 0 | totseats52 = 0 | party53 = सचेत नेपाली पार्टी–नागरिक सर्वोत्कृष्ट पार्टी नेपाल | votes53 = 1132 | seats53 = 0 | votes53_2 = 120 | seats53_2 = 0 | totseats53 = 0 | party54 = जनप्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes54 = 955 | seats54 = 0 | votes54_2 = | seats54_2 = 0 | totseats54 = 0 | party55 = मितेरी पार्टी नेपाल | votes55 = 772 | seats55 = 0 | votes55_2 = 383 | seats55_2 = 0 | totseats55 = 0 | party56 = उन्नत लोकतन्त्र पार्टी | votes56 = 730 | seats56 = 0 | votes56_2 = | seats56_2 = 0 | totseats56 = 0 | party57 = त्रिमूल नेपाल | votes57 = 694 | seats57 = 0 | votes57_2 = 16 | seats57_2 = 0 | totseats57 = 0 | party58 = [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] | votes58 = | seats58 = 0 | votes58_2 = 115975 | seats58_2 = 0 | totseats58 = 0 | sc58 = ''नयाँ'' | party59 = राष्ट्रिय जनमत पार्टी | votes59 = | seats59 = 0 | votes59_2 = 953 | seats59_2 = 0 | totseats59 = 0 | sc59 = | party60 = नेपाल मानवतावादी पार्टी | votes60 = | seats60 = 0 | votes60_2 = 949 | seats60_2 = 0 | totseats60 = 0 | sc60 = | party61 = राष्ट्रिय साझा पार्टी | votes61 = | seats61 = 0 | votes61_2 = 191 | seats61_2 = 0 | totseats61 = 0 | sc61 = | party62 = नेपाल जनसेवा पार्टी | votes62 = | seats62 = 0 | votes62_2 = 159 | seats62_2 = 0 | totseats62 = 0 | sc62 = | party63 = संयुक्त नेपाल प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes63 = | seats63 = 0 | votes63_2 = 32 | seats63_2 = 0 | totseats63 = 0 | sc63 = | party64 = ऐतिहासिक जनता पार्टी | votes64 = | seats64 = 0 | votes64_2 = 18 | seats64_2 = 0 | totseats64 = 0 | sc64 = | party65 = नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी) | votes65 = | seats65 = 0 | votes65_2 = 16 | seats65_2 = 0 | totseats65 = 0 | sc65 = | party66 = राष्ट्रिय नागरिक पार्टी | votes66 = | seats66 = 0 | votes66_2 = 12 | seats66_2 = 0 | totseats66 = 0 | sc66 = | party67 = गान्धीवादी पार्टी नेपाल | votes67 = | seats67 = 0 | votes67_2 = 4 | seats67_2 = 0 | totseats67 = 0 | sc67 = | party68 = स्वतन्त्र | votes68 = | seats68 = 0 | votes68_2 = 102996 | seats68_2 = 1 | totseats68 = 1 | sc68 = -२ | total_votes = 10781714 | total_votes2 = 10781714 | total_seats = 110 | total_seats2 = 165 | source = निर्वाचन आयोग [https://result.election.gov.np/PRVoteChartResult2082.aspx प्रत्यक्ष] [https://result.election.gov.np/FPTPWLChartResult2082.aspx समानुपातिक] }} {| class="wikitable sortable" |{{Switcher | [[File:Nepal PR District 2026.svg|780px]] | जिल्ला अनुसार दलको सूचीको मत परिणाम | [[File:Nepal PR Constituency 2026.svg|780px]] | निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसार दलको सूचीको मत परिणाम }} |} === निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसारको नतिजा === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:14px; font-size: 0.9em;" ![[नेपालका संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] !निर्वाचित सांसदहरू !colspan="2"|दल |- |[[अछाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम १]] |[[भरतकुमार स्वाँर]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[अछाम २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम २]] |[[यज्ञबहादुर बोगटी]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[अर्घाखाँची १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अर्घाखाँची १]] |[[हरिप्रसाद भुसाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बागलुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ १]] |[[सुशील खड्का]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ २]] |[[सोम शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बैतडी १]] |[[हरिमोहन भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बझाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बझाङ १]] |[[ऐनबहादुर महर]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[बाजुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाजुरा १]] |[[जनकराज गिरी]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[बाँके १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके १]] |[[सुरेशकुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बाँके २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके २]] |[[मोहम्मद इश्तियाक राई]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[बाँके ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके ३]] |[[खगेन्द्र सुनार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा १]] |[[गणेश धिमाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा २]] |[[चन्दनकुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ३]] |[[अरविन्द साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |[[रहवर अन्सारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] |[[ठाकुर सिंह थारु]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बर्दिया २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया २]] |[[श्रीधर पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भक्तपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर १]] |[[रुकेश रञ्जित]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भक्तपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर २]] |[[राजीव खत्री]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भोजपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भोजपुर १]] |[[ध्रुवराज राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन १]] |[[हरि ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन २]] |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन ३]] |[[सोविता गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[डडेल्धुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|डडेल्धुरा १]] |[[ताराप्रसाद जोशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दैलेख १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख १]] |[[बासना थापा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[दैलेख २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख २]] |[[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[दाङ १]] |[[देवराज पाठक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दाङ २]] |[[विपिनकुमार आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दाङ ३]] |[[कमल सुवेदी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दार्चुला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दार्चुला १]] |[[गणेश सिंह ठगुन्ना]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[धादिङ १]] |[[आसिका तामाङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धादिङ २]] |[[बोधनारायण श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनकुटा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनकुटा १]] |[[राजेन्द्रकुमार राई]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[धनुषा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा १]] |[[मातृकाप्रसाद यादव]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा २]] |[[रामविनोद शाह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ३]] |[[मनिष झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ४]] |[[राजकिशोर महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दोलखा १]] |[[जगदीश खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[डोल्पा १]] |[[धन बहादुर बुढा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[डोटी १]] |[[भरतबहादुर खड्का]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[गोरखा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गोरखा १]] |[[सधन गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गोरखा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गोरखा २]] |[[कविन्द्र बुर्लाकोटी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गुल्मी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी १]] |[[सागर ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गुल्मी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी २]] |[[गोविन्द पन्थी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[हुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|हुम्ला १]] |[[जयपति रोकाया]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[इलाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम १]] |[[निश्चल राई]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[इलाम २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम २]] |[[सुहाङ नेम्वाङ]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[जाजरकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जाजरकोट १]] |[[खड्कबहादुर बुढा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[झापा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा १]] |[[निशा डाँगी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा २]] |[[इन्दिरा राना मगर]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] |[[प्रकाश पाठक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ४]] |[[शम्भुप्रसाद ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] |[[बालेन शाह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[जुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जुम्ला १]] |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र शाही]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली १]] |[[कोमल ज्ञवाली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली २]] |[[केपी खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ३]] |[[जगतप्रसाद जोशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ४]] |[[खेमराज कोइराला]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ५]] |[[आनन्दबहादुर चन्द]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १]] |[[महेन्द्रबहादुर शाही]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर १]] |[[जनक सिंह धामी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर २]] |[[दीपकराज बोहरा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर ३]] |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र सिंह महता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु १]] |[[मोहनलाल आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु २]] |[[विक्रम थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु ३]] |[[अभिषेक प्रताप शाह]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[कास्की १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की १]] |[[खड्कराज पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कास्की २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की २]] |[[उत्तम पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कास्की ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की ३]] |[[विना गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १]] |[[रञ्जु दर्शना]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ २]] |[[सुनिल केसी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] |[[राजुनाथ पाण्डे]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] |[[पुकार बम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] |[[सस्मित पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ६]] |[[शिशिर खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ७ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ७]] |[[गणेश पराजुली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ८ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ८]] |[[विराजभक्त श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ९ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ९]] |[[डोलप्रसाद अर्याल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ १० (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १०]] |[[प्रदीप विष्ट]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] |[[मधुकुमार चौलागाई]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] |[[बदनकुमार भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[खोटाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|खोटाङ १]] |[[आरेन राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर १]] |[[बुद्धरत्न महर्जन]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर २]] |[[जगदीश खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर ३]] |[[तोसिमा कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] |[[धर्मराज केसी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी १]] |[[प्रमोदकुमार महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी २]] |[[दीपककुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ३]] |[[उज्ज्वलकुमार झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ४]] |[[गौरी कुमारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मकवानपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर १]] |[[प्रकाश गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मकवानपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर २]] |[[प्रशान्त उप्रेती]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] |[[टेकबहादुर गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[मोरङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ १]] |[[यज्ञमणि न्यौपाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ २]] |[[कृष्णकुमार कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ३]] |[[गणेश कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ४]] |[[सन्तोष राजवंशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |[[आशा झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ६]] |[[रुविना आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मुगु १]] |[[खड्ग शाही]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[मुस्ताङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मुस्ताङ १]] |[[योगेश गौचन थकाली]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[म्याग्दी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|म्याग्दी १]] |[[महावीर पुन]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १]] |[[राजन गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २]] |[[मनिष खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नुवाकोट १]] |[[विक्रम तिमिल्सिना]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नुवाकोट २]] |[[अच्युतम लामिछाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ओखलढुङ्गा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ओखलढुङ्गा १]] |[[विश्वरोज पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पाल्पा १]] |[[सन्दीप राना]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[पाल्पा २]] |[[माधवबहादुर थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पाँचथर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाँचथर १]] |[[नरेन्द्र केरुङ]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १]] |[[विक्रम खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २]] |[[नरेन्द्रकुमार गुप्ता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्वत १]] |[[सागर भुसाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |[[बुद्धिप्रसाद पन्त]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा २]] |[[सुशीलकुमार कानु]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ३]] |[[रमाकान्त चौरासिया]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ४]] |[[टेकबहादुर शाक्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[प्युठान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|प्युठान १]] |[[सुशान्त वैदिक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रामेछाप १]] |[[कृष्णहरि बुढाथोकी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रसुवा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रसुवा १]] |[[मोहन आचार्य]] |{{party name with color |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] |[[राजेशकुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |[[मोहम्मद फिरदोश आलम]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[रौतहट ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ३]] |[[रविन्द्र पटेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रौतहट ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ४]] |[[गणेश पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रोल्पा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रोल्पा १]] |[[वर्षमान पुन]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुकुम पूर्व १]] |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुकुम पश्चिम १]] |[[गोपाल शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही १]] |[[सुनिल लम्साल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] |[[सुलभ खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ३]] |[[लेखजङ्ग थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ४]] |[[कन्हैया बनिया]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ५]] |[[तौफिक अहमद खान]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सल्यान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सल्यान १]] |[[रमेशकुमार मल्ल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[सङ्खुवासभा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सङ्खुवासभा १]] |[[अर्जुनकुमार कार्की]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[सप्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी १]] |[[पुष्पाकुमारी चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] |[[रामजी यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] |[[अमरकान्त चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ४]] |[[सिताराम साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही १]] |[[नीतिमा भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही २]] |[[रविन महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ३]] |[[नरेन्द्र साह कलवार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |[[अमरेशकुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली १]] |[[धनेन्द्र कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली २]] |[[आशिष गजुरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक १]] |[[भारतप्रसाद पराजुली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुपाल्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक २]] |[[युवराज दुलाल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा १]] |[[बब्लु गुप्ता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा २]] |[[शिवशङ्कर यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ३]] |[[शम्भुकुमार यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |[[तापेश्वर यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सोलुखुम्बु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सोलुखुम्बु १]] |[[प्रकाश सिंह कार्की]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] |[[हर्कराज राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी २]] |[[लालविक्रम थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ३]] |[[अशोककुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ४]] |[[दीपककुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुर्खेत १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत १]] |[[विष्णुबहादुर खड्का]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[सुर्खेत २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत २]] |[[रमेशकुमार सापकोटा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[स्याङ्जा १]] |[[धनञ्जय रेग्मी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[स्याङ्जा २]] |[[छविलाल डुम्रे]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[तनहुँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ १]] |[[स्वर्णिम वाग्ले]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[तनहुँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ २]] |[[श्रीराम न्यौपाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ताप्लेजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ताप्लेजुङ १]] |[[क्षितिज थेवे]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[तेह्रथुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तेह्रथुम १]] |[[सन्तोष सुब्बा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[उदयपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर १]] |[[परशमणि गेलाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[उदयपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर २]] |[[सूर्यबहादुर तामाङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- !colspan="4"|स्रोत:निर्वाचन आयोग<ref name="NepalElectionCommissionFPTP">{{Cite web |title=निर्वाचन आयोग |url=https://result.election.gov.np/FPTPWLChartResult2082.aspx |date=6 March 2026 |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] |url-status=live |archive-date=6 March 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/MjEls}}</ref> |} == उल्लेखनीय हारहरू == ;निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू * [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] – [[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) * [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] – [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) '''निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्रीहरू''' *[[ईश्वर पोखरेल]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) *[[कमल थापा]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|राप्रपा]]) '''निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू''' *[[गगन कुमार थापा]] - [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) *[[प्रदीप पौडेल]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) *[[पृथ्वी सुब्बा गुरुङ]] - [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) ;निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व मुख्यमन्त्रीहरू * [[कुलप्रसाद केसी]] – [[दाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ १]] ([[स्वतन्त्र (राजनीतिज्ञ)|स्वतन्त्र]]) * [[पृथ्वी सुब्बा गुरुङ]] – [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) * [[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद पाण्डे]] – [[धादिङ १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) * [[सतिशकुमार सिंह]] – [[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] (स्वाभिमान पार्टी) * [[शङ्कर पोखरेल]] – [[दाङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ २]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) * [[त्रिलोचन भट्ट]] – [[डोटी १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) == सिट परिवर्तन भएका क्षेत्रहरू == {{col-begin}} {{col-4}} ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट रास्वपामा (३८) * [[बाँके ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके ३]] * [[भक्तपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर २]] * [[डडेल्धुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|डडेल्धुरा १]] * [[दाङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ ३]] * [[धनुषा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा २]] * [[धादिङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धादिङ २]] * [[गुल्मी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी १]] * [[झापा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा १]] * [[कैलाली ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ४]] * [[कैलाली ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ५]] * [[कञ्चनपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर २]] * [[कञ्चनपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर ३]] * [[कपिलवस्तु २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु २]] * [[काठमाडौँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १]] * [[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] * [[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] * [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] * [[काठमाडौँ १० (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १०]] * [[ललितपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर १]] * [[मोरङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ १]] * [[मोरङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ३]] * [[मोरङ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ६]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १|नवलपुर १]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २|नवलपुर २]] * [[नुवाकोट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|नुवाकोट २]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १]] * [[ओखलढुङ्गा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ओखलढुङ्गा १]] * [[पर्सा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा २]] * [[पर्सा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ४]] * [[रौतहट ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ४]] * [[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] * [[सप्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ४]] * [[सिन्धुली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली १]] * [[सुर्खेत २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत २]] * [[स्याङ्जा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|स्याङ्जा १]] * [[स्याङ्जा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|स्याङ्जा २]] * [[तनहुँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ २]] * [[उदयपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर १]] ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट एमालेमा (२) * [[दैलेख २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख २]] * [[दार्चुला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दार्चुला १]] ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट स्वतन्त्रमा (१) * [[म्याग्दी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|म्याग्दी १]] {{col-4}} ;एमालेबाट रास्वपामा (३३) * [[अर्घाखाँची १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अर्घाखाँची १]] * [[बैतडी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बैतडी १]] * [[बाँके १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके १]] * [[बारा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा १]] * [[बारा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ३]] * [[धनुषा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ३]] * [[धनुषा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ४]] * [[गुल्मी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी २]] * [[झापा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ४]] * [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] * [[कञ्चनपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर १]] * [[कपिलवस्तु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु १]] * [[काठमाडौँ ९ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ९]] * [[कास्की १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की १]] * [[कास्की २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की २]] * [[कास्की ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की ३]] * [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २]] * [[ललितपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर २]] * [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] * [[महोत्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी १]] * [[मकवानपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर २]] * [[मोरङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ २]] * [[पाल्पा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाल्पा २]] * [[पर्वत १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्वत १]] * [[पर्सा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ३]] * [[प्युठान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|प्युठान १]] * [[रुपन्देही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही १]] * [[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] * [[रुपन्देही ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ५]] * [[सर्लाही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ३]] * [[सिराहा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ३]] * [[सुनसरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ३]] * [[उदयपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर २]] ;एमालेबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (४) * [[कपिलवस्तु ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु ३]] * [[पाँचथर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाँचथर]] * [[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] * [[सोलुखुम्बु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सोलुखुम्बु]] {{col-4}} ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट रास्वपामा (८) * [[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ २]] * [[दाङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ २]] * [[दोलखा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दोलखा १]] * [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] * [[मोरङ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ४]] * [[सर्लाही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही २]] * [[सिन्धुली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली २]] * [[सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक १]] ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (२) * [[जाजरकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जाजरकोट १]] * [[हुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|हुम्ला १]] ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट श्रसंपामा (१) * [[खोटाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|खोटाङ १]] ;एकीकृत समाजवादीबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (३) * [[अछाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम १]] * [[दैलेख १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख १]] * [[डोटी १]] ;एकिकृत समाजवादीबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] * [[दाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ १]] * [[धादिङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धादिङ १]] * [[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] ;एकिकृत समाजवादीबाट एमालेमा (१) * [[बझाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बझाङ १]] ;नागरिक उन्मुक्तिबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] * [[कैलाली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली १]] * [[कैलाली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली २]] * [[कैलाली ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ३]] {{col-4}} ;राप्रपाबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] * [[मकवानपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर १]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २|नवलपरासी २]] * [[रुपन्देही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ३]] ;राप्रपाबाट एमालेमा (१) * [[बाँके २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके २]] ;लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादीबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[महोत्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी २]] * [[महोत्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ३]] * [[रुपन्देही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ४]] * [[सर्लाही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही १]] ;जसपा-नेपालबाट रास्वपामा (२) * [[बारा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा २]] * [[सप्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी १]] * [[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] ;जसपाबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] ;जसपाबाट श्रसंपामा (१) * [[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] ;नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टीबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[भक्तपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर १]] ;जनमोर्चाबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[बागलुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ १]] ;आम जनता पार्टीबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[रौतहट ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ३]] ;स्वतन्त्रबाट रास्वपामा (२) * [[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] * [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] {{col-end}} ‍‍ == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिक्रिया == *{{झण्डा|भुटान}}: प्रधानमन्त्री [[छिरिङ तोब्गे]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमार्फत लामिछाने र शाहलाई बधाई दिएका थिए। उनले नेपाल र भुटानबीचको प्रगाढ मित्रतालाई अझ सुदृढ बनाउने इच्छा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031203990424396101 |user=tsheringtobgay |title=Congratulations to Mr. Balen Shah and Mr. Rabi Lamichhane on your landslide victory in Nepal’s general elections. |first=Tshering |last=Tobgay |author-link=छिरिङ तोब्गे |date=10 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=I look forward to deepening the warm friendship between our two countries.}}</ref> *{{झण्डा|भारत}}: भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]]ले पार्टीको विजयमा रवि लामिछाने र बालेन शाहलाई बधाई दिँदै भारत र नेपालबीचको बलियो सम्बन्धमा जोड दिएका थिए। उनले नयाँ सरकारसँग आपसी समृद्धि, प्रगति र दुवै देशको हितका लागि मिलेर काम गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031028703917166950 |user=narendramodi |title=Congratulated both leaders on their electoral victories and RSP’s resounding success in the Nepal elections. Conveyed my best wishes for their forthcoming new Government and India's commitment to work with them for mutual prosperity, progress and well-being of our two countries. |first=Narendra |last=Modi |author= |author-link=नरेन्द्र मोदी |date=9 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=I am confident that with our joint endeavours, India and Nepal relations will scale new heights in the years ahead.}}</ref> *{{झण्डा|पाकिस्तान}}: प्रधानमन्त्री [[शहबाज सरिफ]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमार्फत लामिछाने र शाहलाई बधाई दिएका थिए। उनले ऐतिहासिक मित्रता र सहयोगलाई थप सुदृढ पार्न नेपालको नवनिर्वाचित सरकारसँग मिलेर काम गर्न चाहेको उल्लेख गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031659899013488916 |user=CMShehbaz |title=My heartiest congratulations to Rabi Lamichhane and Balendra Shah of the Rastriya Swatantra Party on their remarkable victory in the 2026 elections in Nepal. |first=Shehbaz |last=Sharif |author-link=शहबाज सरिफ |date=11 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=Pakistan looks forward to working closely with the newly elected Government of Nepal to further strengthen our historic friendship and cooperation.}}</ref> == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[नेपालका राजनीतिक दलहरूको सूची]] * [[नेपालको राजनीति]] * [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९]] == टिप्पणीहरू == {{notelist}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपालमा भएका निर्वाचनहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका निर्वाचनहरू]] tu7523ftk9s5c9th7bnyu2o6v0rfoa9 0 150872 1367976 1366420 2026-07-30T14:57:26Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = सोनम वाङ्चुक | image = Sonam Wangchuk01.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|09|01}} | birth_place = उलेटोक्पो, [[अल्ची]], [[लद्दाख]], [[भारत]] | nationality = [[भारत|भारतीय]] | alma_mater = [[राष्ट्रिय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, श्रीनगर]] | organization = [[लद्दाख विद्यार्थी शैक्षिक तथा सांस्कृतिक आन्दोलन]] (SECMOL) | known_for = [[आइस स्तूप]], [[अपरेसन न्यू होप]], शिक्षा सुधार | party = न्यू लद्दाख मुभमेन्ट (NLM) | father = सोनम वाङ्याल | awards = [[रमन म्यागसेसे पुरस्कार]] (२०१८) तथा अन्य }} '''सोनम वाङ्चुक''' (जन्म १ सेप्टेम्बर १९६६) एक भारतीय [[अभियन्ता]], [[नवप्रवर्तन|नवप्रवर्तक]], शिक्षा सुधारक, वातावरण संरक्षण अभियन्ता तथा सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता हुन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=These 10 Innovators Are Changing the World, From Oceans to Eye Care|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/innovators-change-world-oceans-eye-care-rolex-laureates/|publisher=[[National Geographic]]|date=15 November 2016|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034129/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/innovators-change-world-oceans-eye-care-rolex-laureates/|archive-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last1=Khattar|first1=Sakshi|title=Teach India: Think local, think Ladakhi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Teach-India-Think-local-think-Ladakhi/articleshow/3281987.cms|publisher=[[द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया]]|date=26 July 2008|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409204159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Teach-India-Think-local-think-Ladakhi/articleshow/3281987.cms|archive-date=9 अप्रिल 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> उनी [[लद्दाख विद्यार्थी शैक्षिक तथा सांस्कृतिक आन्दोलन]] (SECMOL) का संस्थापक–निर्देशक तथा [[हिमालयन इन्स्टिच्युट अफ अल्टरनेटिभ्स, लद्दाख]] (HIAL) का संस्थापक हुन्।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Varghese|first1=Shiny|title=‘The best solar device is timing’|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-best-solar-device-is-timing-ice-stupa-ladakh-sonam-wangchuk-rolex-award-4435497/|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=22 December 2016|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> वाङ्चुक विशेषतः [[आइस स्तूप]] प्रविधिको विकास, [[अपरेसन न्यू होप]] मार्फत विद्यालय शिक्षा सुधार, तथा लद्दाखमा स्थानीय आवश्यकता अनुरूप वैकल्पिक शिक्षाको विकासका लागि परिचित छन्।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Griffin|first1=Peter|title=Ice Stupas: Conserving water the 3 Idiots way|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/checkin/ice-stupas-conserving-water-the-3-idiots-way/39265/1|publisher=[[Forbes India]]|date=29 December 2014|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lenin|first1=Janaki|title=Artificial glacier could help Ladakh villagers adapt to climate change|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/24/artificial-glacier-could-help-ladakh-villagers-adapt-to-climate-change|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 February 2015|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> सन् २०१८ मा उनलाई एसियाको प्रतिष्ठित [[रमन म्यागसेसे पुरस्कार]] प्रदान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=Ramon Magsaysay Award 2018 winners announced|publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation|date=2018}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन तथा शिक्षा == सोनम वाङ्चुकको जन्म १ सेप्टेम्बर १९६६ मा भारतको लद्दाख क्षेत्रस्थित उलेटोक्पो गाउँमा भएको थियो। उनका पिता सोनम वाङ्याल लद्दाखका एक प्रख्यात राजनीतिक व्यक्तित्व थिए।<ref>{{cite news|title=The journey of Sonam Wangchuk, the activist: Education to ecology to politics|publisher=Indian Express|date=18 July 2026}}</ref> उनको गाउँमा विद्यालयको सुविधा नहुँदा उनले करिब नौ वर्षको उमेरसम्म आफ्नी आमाबाट घरमै मातृभाषामा प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेका थिए। त्यसपछि उनी श्रीनगरमा औपचारिक विद्यालय शिक्षाका लागि भर्ना भएका थिए।<ref name="TOI"/> उच्च माध्यमिक शिक्षा पूरा गरेपछि उनले [[राष्ट्रिय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, श्रीनगर]] (तत्कालीन Regional Engineering College) बाट यान्त्रिक इन्जिनियरिङमा स्नातक उपाधि हासिल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|title=Educational Background of Sonam Wangchuk|publisher=The Times of India|date=6 April 2024}}</ref> इन्जिनियरिङ अध्ययन पूरा गरेपछि उनले सरकारी वा निजी क्षेत्रमा रोजगारी गर्नुको सट्टा लद्दाखको शिक्षा प्रणालीमा सुधार ल्याउने उद्देश्यले काम गर्न थाले। सन् १९८८ मा उनले आफ्ना सहपाठीहरूसँग मिलेर [[लद्दाख विद्यार्थी शैक्षिक तथा सांस्कृतिक आन्दोलन]] (SECMOL) स्थापना गरे, जसले स्थानीय भाषा, संस्कृति तथा अनुभवमा आधारित शिक्षालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्ने उद्देश्य लिएको थियो।<ref name="TOI"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Sonam Wangchuk|publisher=Nobel Week Dialogue|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-week-dialogue/stockholm-2018/panellists/sonam-wangchuk/}}</ref> == SECMOL को स्थापना == स्नातक अध्ययन पूरा गरेपछि सन् १९८८ मा सोनम वाङ्चुकले आफ्ना भाइ तथा पाँच जना युवा लद्दाखी सहकर्मीसँग मिलेर '''[[लद्दाख विद्यार्थी शैक्षिक तथा सांस्कृतिक आन्दोलन]]''' (''Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh'', '''SECMOL''') स्थापना गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=About|url=https://secmol.org/about/|website=SECMOL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sonam Wangchuk|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-week-dialogue/stockholm-2018/sonam-wangchuk/|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> यो संस्था स्थापना गर्नुको मुख्य उद्देश्य लद्दाखमा लागू गरिएको औपचारिक शिक्षा प्रणालीमा सुधार गर्नु, स्थानीय संस्कृति र भाषासँग मेल खाने शिक्षाको प्रवर्द्धन गर्नु तथा ग्रामीण युवाहरूलाई व्यावहारिक र जीवनोपयोगी सीप प्रदान गर्नु थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=About|url=https://secmol.org/about/|website=SECMOL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> SECMOL को स्थापना गर्ने अधिकांश युवा आफूहरू पनि लद्दाखमा लागू गरिएको बाह्य शिक्षा प्रणालीका "पीडित" रहेको अनुभव साझा गर्थे। उनीहरूका अनुसार विद्यालयमा पढाइने पाठ्यक्रम, शिक्षण माध्यम तथा मूल्याङ्कन प्रणाली स्थानीय सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा भौगोलिक अवस्थासँग मेल खाँदैनथ्यो, जसका कारण ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा विद्यार्थीहरू सरकारी परीक्षामा असफल हुने गर्थे। यही समस्याको समाधान खोज्ने उद्देश्यले SECMOL को स्थापना गरिएको थियो। संस्थाले प्रारम्भिक चरणमा सरकारी विद्यालयहरूमा शिक्षा सुधारका लागि अनुसन्धान, शिक्षक तालिम, स्थानीय भाषामा शैक्षिक सामग्री विकास तथा विद्यार्थीहरूको सिकाइ उपलब्धि सुधारका कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्यो। यसका अतिरिक्त, विद्यालय शिक्षा, वातावरण संरक्षण, स्थानीय संस्कृति, ग्रामीण विकास तथा युवाको नेतृत्व विकाससम्बन्धी रेडियो कार्यक्रम, भिडियो सामग्री तथा जनचेतनामूलक अभियानहरू पनि सञ्चालन गरिए। पछिल्ला वर्षहरूमा लेह नजिकै स्थापना गरिएको '''SECMOL क्याम्पस''' संस्थाको प्रमुख गतिविधि केन्द्रका रूपमा विकसित भयो। यो क्याम्पस सौर्य ऊर्जाबाट सञ्चालित, वातावरणमैत्री तथा आत्मनिर्भर "इको–गाउँ" का रूपमा परिचित छ। यहाँ विद्यार्थी, शिक्षक तथा स्वयंसेवकहरूले सँगै बस्ने, काम गर्ने र सिक्ने अभ्यास अपनाउँछन्। औपचारिक शैक्षिक विषयसँगै लद्दाखी भाषा, इतिहास, संस्कृति, परम्परागत ज्ञान, हस्तकला, कृषि, नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा, निर्माण प्रविधि तथा नेतृत्व विकाससम्बन्धी व्यावहारिक शिक्षा प्रदान गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=About|url=https://secmol.org/about/|website=SECMOL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sonam Wangchuk|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-week-dialogue/stockholm-2018/sonam-wangchuk/|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> SECMOL अन्तर्गत सञ्चालन हुने '''SECMOL Alternative School''' विशेष रूपमा सरकारी विद्यालयको माध्यमिक परीक्षा (कक्षा १०) मा असफल भएका विद्यार्थीहरूका लागि स्थापना गरिएको हो। यस विद्यालयमा परीक्षाको नतिजाभन्दा पनि विद्यार्थीको सिक्ने इच्छा, सिर्जनशीलता तथा व्यावहारिक क्षमतालाई प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ। यहाँ "Head, Heart and Hands" (मस्तिष्क, हृदय र हात) को अवधारणामा आधारित अनुभवात्मक शिक्षण पद्धति अपनाइन्छ, जसमा विद्यार्थीहरूले आफ्नै सहभागितामा सौर्य ताप प्रणाली, माटोका भवन, नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा तथा अन्य नवप्रवर्तनात्मक परियोजनाहरू विकास गर्छन्। SECMOL ले लद्दाखको शिक्षा क्षेत्रमा गरेको योगदानका कारण यसलाई भारतको वैकल्पिक शिक्षा आन्दोलनको एक सफल नमुनाका रूपमा हेरिन्छ। यस संस्थाले पछि सन् १९९४ मा सुरु गरिएको '''[[अपरेसन न्यू होप]]''' शिक्षा सुधार कार्यक्रमका लागि आधार तयार गरेको मानिन्छ। == अपरेसन न्यू होप == '''अपरेसन न्यू होप''' (''Operation New Hope'') लद्दाखको सरकारी विद्यालय शिक्षामा गुणस्तरीय सुधार ल्याउने उद्देश्यले सन् १९९४ मा सुरु गरिएको एक शिक्षा सुधार अभियान हो। यो कार्यक्रम [[लद्दाख विद्यार्थी शैक्षिक तथा सांस्कृतिक आन्दोलन]] (SECMOL), लद्दाख हिल डेभलपमेन्ट काउन्सिल, जम्मु तथा कश्मीर सरकारको शिक्षा विभाग, स्थानीय समुदाय तथा विभिन्न गैरसरकारी संस्थाहरूको सहकार्यमा सञ्चालन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="TOI"/><ref>{{cite web|title=About SECMOL|url=https://secmol.org/about/|website=SECMOL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> यस अभियानको प्रमुख अवधारणा सोनम वाङ्चुक तथा उनका सहकर्मीहरूले विकास गरेका थिए। उनीहरूका अनुसार लद्दाखमा लागू गरिएको परम्परागत विद्यालय प्रणाली स्थानीय भाषा, संस्कृति, जलवायु तथा जीवनशैलीसँग मेल नखाने भएकाले ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा विद्यार्थीहरू माध्यमिक तहको परीक्षामा असफल भइरहेका थिए। अपरेसन न्यू होपले यही अवस्थालाई सुधार गरी स्थानीय आवश्यकता अनुरूपको गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाको विकास गर्ने लक्ष्य लिएको थियो।<ref name="TOI"/> कार्यक्रम अन्तर्गत विद्यालय व्यवस्थापन, शिक्षक, अभिभावक, स्थानीय समुदाय तथा सरकारी निकायबीच साझेदारीको अवधारणा लागू गरिएको थियो। विद्यालयहरूमा नियमित अनुगमन, शिक्षक तालिम, स्थानीय भाषामा शिक्षण सामग्रीको विकास, पुस्तकालय स्थापना, प्रयोगात्मक सिकाइ, विद्यार्थी केन्द्रित शिक्षण विधि तथा सामुदायिक सहभागिता बढाउने विभिन्न कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गरिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=About SECMOL|url=https://secmol.org/about/|website=SECMOL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> अपरेसन न्यू होप अन्तर्गत सरकारी विद्यालयहरूको शैक्षिक गुणस्तर सुधार गर्न विद्यालय विकास योजना तयार गर्ने, शिक्षकहरूको उत्तरदायित्व बढाउने, विद्यालय भवन तथा आधारभूत पूर्वाधारको स्तरोन्नति गर्ने, विद्यार्थीहरूको सिकाइ उपलब्धिको नियमित मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने तथा समुदायलाई विद्यालय व्यवस्थापनमा सक्रिय रूपमा सहभागी गराउने कार्यहरूलाई प्राथमिकता दिइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khattar|first1=Sakshi|title=Teach India: Think local, think Ladakhi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Teach-India-Think-local-think-Ladakhi/articleshow/3281987.cms|publisher=[[द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया]]|date=26 July 2008|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> यस अभियानको परिणामस्वरूप केही वर्षभित्रै लद्दाखका सरकारी विद्यालयहरूको माध्यमिक तह (कक्षा १०) को उत्तीर्ण दर उल्लेखनीय रूपमा वृद्धि भएको विभिन्न अध्ययनहरूले उल्लेख गरेका छन्। यसका साथै विद्यालय छोड्ने दर घट्नु, स्थानीय समुदायको सहभागिता बढ्नु तथा शिक्षाप्रतिको जनविश्वासमा सुधार आउनु यस कार्यक्रमका प्रमुख उपलब्धिहरू मानिन्छन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=From Leh comes a mountain of ideas|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-times-of-india-new-delhi-edition/20161126/281981787191805|publisher=[[द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया]]|date=26 November 2016|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> शिक्षा सुधारको क्षेत्रमा अपरेसन न्यू होपलाई भारतको सफल सामुदायिक शिक्षा सुधार अभियानमध्ये एक मानिन्छ। यस अभियानबाट प्राप्त अनुभवका आधारमा SECMOL ले वैकल्पिक शिक्षा, वातावरणीय शिक्षा तथा दिगो विकाससम्बन्धी अन्य परियोजनाहरू सञ्चालन गर्न थालेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=About SECMOL|url=https://secmol.org/about/|website=SECMOL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> सोनम वाङ्चुकको शिक्षा सुधारसम्बन्धी कार्य तथा अपरेसन न्यू होपमार्फत पुर्‍याएको योगदानका कारण उनी राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा परिचित बनेका हुन्। यस अभियानले लद्दाखको विद्यालय शिक्षामा दीर्घकालीन सुधार ल्याएको उदाहरणका रूपमा शिक्षा क्षेत्रमा व्यापक रूपमा उद्धृत गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=These 10 Innovators Are Changing the World, From Oceans to Eye Care|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/innovators-change-world-oceans-eye-care-rolex-laureates/|publisher=[[National Geographic]]|date=15 November 2016|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> == आइस स्तूप परियोजना == '''आइस स्तूप''' (''Ice Stupa'') उच्च हिमाली तथा शुष्क क्षेत्रमा पानीको अभाव न्यूनीकरण गर्ने उद्देश्यले सोनम वाङ्चुक र उनका सहकर्मीहरूले विकास गरेको कृत्रिम हिमनदी (ग्लेसियर) प्रविधि हो। यस प्रविधिमा जाडोयाममा उपलब्ध अतिरिक्त पानीलाई गुरुत्वाकर्षणको सहायताले माथितर्फ फोहराजस्तो छर्केर अत्यधिक चिसो तापक्रममा शङ्कु (स्तूप) आकारको बरफको संरचना बनाइन्छ। यस्तो संरचनामा सञ्चित बरफ वसन्त र गर्मीयाममा क्रमिक रूपमा पग्लने भएकाले खेतीपाती तथा खानेपानीका लागि आवश्यक पानी उपलब्ध गराउन सहयोग पुग्छ।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lenin|first1=Janaki|title=Artificial glacier could help Ladakh villagers adapt to climate change|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/24/artificial-glacier-could-help-ladakh-villagers-adapt-to-climate-change|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 February 2015|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saxena|first1=Siddharth|title=Ice stupas to end water woes|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ice-stupas-to-end-water-woes/articleshow/46357875.cms|publisher=[[द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया]]|date=22 February 2015|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> लद्दाखजस्ता चिसा मरुभूमि क्षेत्रहरूमा प्राकृतिक हिमनदीहरू गर्मीयाम सुरु हुनुअघि नै तीव्र रूपमा पग्लन थाल्ने भएकाले बाली लगाउने समयमा पानीको अभाव हुने समस्या देखिन्छ। यस समस्याको समाधानका रूपमा सोनम वाङ्चुकले सन् २०१३–२०१४ तिर आइस स्तूपको अवधारणा विकास गरेका थिए। यसको उद्देश्य जाडोयाममा खेर जाने पानीलाई बरफका रूपमा सञ्चित गरी आवश्यक समयमा प्रयोग गर्नु थियो।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Griffin|first1=Peter|title=Ice Stupas: Conserving water the 3 Idiots way|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/checkin/ice-stupas-conserving-water-the-3-idiots-way/39265/1|publisher=[[Forbes India]]|date=29 December 2014|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> आइस स्तूप निर्माणका लागि पहाडी क्षेत्रबाट बग्ने पानीलाई पाइपमार्फत तल्लो स्थानसम्म ल्याइन्छ। उचाइको भिन्नताका कारण उत्पन्न हुने प्राकृतिक चाप (गुरुत्वाकर्षण) प्रयोग गरी पानीलाई माथितर्फ फोहराजस्तो छर्किन्छ। अत्यधिक चिसो तापक्रममा पानी तुरुन्तै जमेर स्तूप आकारको ठूलो बरफको संरचना तयार हुन्छ। यसको शङ्कु आकारका कारण सतह क्षेत्रफल कम हुने भएकाले बरफ ढिलो पग्लन्छ र धेरै समयसम्म सुरक्षित रहन्छ।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lenin|first1=Janaki|title=Artificial glacier could help Ladakh villagers adapt to climate change|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/24/artificial-glacier-could-help-ladakh-villagers-adapt-to-climate-change|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 February 2015|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> यस प्रविधिबाट सञ्चित पानी अप्रिलदेखि जुन महिनासम्म क्रमिक रूपमा पग्लने भएकाले खेती सुरु हुने समयमा सिँचाइका लागि पानी उपलब्ध हुन्छ। यसले फलफूल, तरकारी तथा अन्य कृषि उत्पादनमा सहयोग पुर्‍याउनुका साथै वृक्षारोपण, भू–क्षय नियन्त्रण तथा स्थानीय जलस्रोत संरक्षणमा पनि योगदान पुर्‍याएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ibrar|first1=Mohammad|title=पानी की किल्लत से जूझते लद्दाख में सोनम वांगचुक का आइडिया किसानों के लिए साबित हो रहा गेमचेंजर|url=http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/jammu-and-kashmir/jammu/sonam-wangchuk-creating-artifical-glaciers-in-leh-ladakh/articleshow/55630693.cms|publisher=[[नवभारत टाइम्स]]|date=26 November 2016|language=hi|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> आइस स्तूप परियोजनाले जलवायु परिवर्तनका कारण बढ्दो हिमनदी क्षय र मौसमी पानी अभावको समस्याको स्थानीय तथा कम लागतको समाधान प्रस्तुत गरेको भन्दै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा व्यापक ध्यान आकर्षित गरेको छ। यस नवप्रवर्तनका लागि सोनम वाङ्चुकलाई सन् २०१६ मा '''रोलेक्स अवार्ड फर इन्टरप्राइज''' प्रदान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Varghese|first1=Shiny|title=‘The best solar device is timing’|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-best-solar-device-is-timing-ice-stupa-ladakh-sonam-wangchuk-rolex-award-4435497/|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|date=22 December 2016|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=These 10 Innovators Are Changing the World, From Oceans to Eye Care|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/innovators-change-world-oceans-eye-care-rolex-laureates/|publisher=[[National Geographic]]|date=15 November 2016|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> यस परियोजनापछि भारतका अन्य हिमाली क्षेत्रका साथै नेपाल, भुटान, स्विजरल्यान्ड, पेरु तथा मध्य एसियाका केही क्षेत्रमा पनि यस्तै प्रविधिको अध्ययन तथा परीक्षण सुरु भएको छ। जलवायु परिवर्तनसँग अनुकूलन (''climate change adaptation'') को सफल स्थानीय नमुनाका रूपमा आइस स्तूप परियोजनालाई विभिन्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय संस्था, विश्वविद्यालय तथा अनुसन्धान केन्द्रहरूले अध्ययन गर्दै आएका छन्।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lenin|first1=Janaki|title=Artificial glacier could help Ladakh villagers adapt to climate change|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/24/artificial-glacier-could-help-ladakh-villagers-adapt-to-climate-change|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 February 2015|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Griffin|first1=Peter|title=Ice Stupas: Conserving water the 3 Idiots way|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/checkin/ice-stupas-conserving-water-the-3-idiots-way/39265/1|publisher=[[Forbes India]]|date=29 December 2014|access-date=14 अक्टोबर 2017}}</ref> == हिमालयन इन्स्टिच्युट अफ अल्टरनेटिभ्स, लद्दाख (HIAL) == '''हिमालयन इन्स्टिच्युट अफ अल्टरनेटिभ्स, लद्दाख''' (''Himalayan Institute of Alternatives, Ladakh''; '''HIAL''') भारतको केन्द्रशासित प्रदेश [[लद्दाख]]को लेहस्थित एक वैकल्पिक उच्च शिक्षा तथा अनुसन्धान संस्था हो। यसको स्थापना सोनम वाङ्चुक र गीतााञ्जली जे. आङ्मोको पहलमा सन् २०१६ मा गरिएको थियो। HIAL को उद्देश्य हिमाली क्षेत्रका विद्यार्थीहरूलाई स्थानीय आवश्यकता, वातावरणीय दिगोपन तथा व्यावहारिक सीपमा आधारित उच्च शिक्षा प्रदान गर्नु हो।<ref>{{cite web|title=HIAL – About Us|url=https://hial.edu.in/|website=Himalayan Institute of Alternatives, Ladakh|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Our Philosophy|url=https://hial.edu.in/ourphilosophy.html|website=Himalayan Institute of Alternatives, Ladakh|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> HIAL को स्थापना [[लद्दाख विद्यार्थी शैक्षिक तथा सांस्कृतिक आन्दोलन]] (SECMOL) बाट प्राप्त अनुभवको निरन्तरताका रूपमा गरिएको हो। सोनम वाङ्चुकका अनुसार परम्परागत विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा हिमाली समुदायका आवश्यकता र भौगोलिक अवस्थासँग पूर्ण रूपमा मेल खाँदैन। त्यसैले हिमाली क्षेत्रका लागि उपयुक्त, सन्दर्भमा आधारित तथा अनुभवात्मक उच्च शिक्षा प्रणाली विकास गर्ने उद्देश्यले यस संस्थाको स्थापना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Philosophy|url=https://hial.edu.in/ourphilosophy.html|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> === उद्देश्य तथा शैक्षिक दर्शन === HIAL को शैक्षिक दर्शन "'''३R बाट ३H'''" (''3R to 3H'') को अवधारणामा आधारित छ। परम्परागत शिक्षा प्रणालीका '''Reading''', '''Writing''' र '''Arithmetic''' (३R) लाई मात्र केन्द्रमा राख्नुको सट्टा संस्थाले '''Bright Head''' (सक्षम मस्तिष्क), '''Kind Heart''' (संवेदनशील हृदय) र '''Skilled Hands''' (सीपयुक्त हात) को समन्वयमार्फत समग्र व्यक्तित्व विकासमा जोड दिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Philosophy|url=https://hial.edu.in/ourphilosophy.html|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> यस संस्थामा "Learning by Doing" (गर्दै सिक्ने) सिद्धान्तलाई प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ। विद्यार्थीहरूलाई कक्षाकोठामा सीमित राख्नुको सट्टा अनुसन्धान, प्रयोग, सामुदायिक सेवा, स्थानीय समस्या समाधान तथा उद्यमशीलतामा सहभागी गराइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=Educational Confluence|url=https://hial.edu.in/hialevents/3rto3h/|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === शैक्षिक कार्यक्रम === HIAL ले हिमाली क्षेत्रका आवश्यकता अनुरूप बहुविषयक तथा अनुभवात्मक शिक्षामा आधारित कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्दै आएको छ। संस्थाले विशेष रूपमा दिगो विकास, जलवायु परिवर्तन, नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा, हिमाली वास्तुकला, जल व्यवस्थापन, ग्रामीण उद्यमशीलता, वातावरणीय संरक्षण, स्थानीय शासन तथा सामाजिक नवप्रवर्तनसँग सम्बन्धित अध्ययन र अनुसन्धानलाई प्राथमिकता दिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=HIAL|url=https://hial.edu.in/|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> संस्थाले स्थानीय समुदाय, किसान, उद्यमी तथा अनुसन्धानकर्तासँग सहकार्य गर्दै विद्यार्थीहरूलाई वास्तविक सामाजिक तथा वातावरणीय समस्याको समाधान खोज्ने अवसर प्रदान गर्दछ। यस कारण HIAL लाई "अनुभवात्मक विश्वविद्यालय" (Experiential University) को अवधारणाको उदाहरणका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Philosophy|url=https://hial.edu.in/ourphilosophy.html|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> === दिगो क्याम्पस === लेह नजिकै फ्याङ क्षेत्रमा रहेको HIAL क्याम्पस वातावरणमैत्री निर्माण प्रविधि र नवीकरणीय ऊर्जाको प्रयोगका लागि परिचित छ। क्याम्पसका धेरै भवन स्थानीय माटो तथा प्राकृतिक सामग्रीबाट निर्माण गरिएका छन्। सौर्य ऊर्जाबाट ताप तथा विद्युत् उत्पादन गर्ने प्रणाली, वर्षा तथा हिमपानी सङ्कलन, फोहोर व्यवस्थापन र ऊर्जा दक्ष भवन निर्माणजस्ता प्रविधि प्रयोग गरी यसलाई न्यून कार्बन उत्सर्जन भएको शैक्षिक परिसरका रूपमा विकास गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=HIAL|url=https://hial.edu.in/|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> === अनुसन्धान तथा नवप्रवर्तन === HIAL मा जलवायु परिवर्तनसँग अनुकूलन, हिमाली जलस्रोत संरक्षण, [[आइस स्तूप]] प्रविधि, दिगो कृषि, हरित प्रविधि, स्थानीय निर्माण सामग्री तथा सामाजिक नवप्रवर्तनसम्बन्धी विभिन्न अनुसन्धान तथा प्रयोगात्मक परियोजनाहरू सञ्चालन हुँदै आएका छन्। संस्थाले हिमाली समुदायका समस्या समाधान गर्ने प्रविधिको विकासलाई आफ्नो प्रमुख प्राथमिकतामध्ये एक मानेको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=HIAL – About Us|url=https://hial.edu.in/|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> === प्रभाव === HIAL लाई हिमाली क्षेत्रका लागि सन्दर्भमा आधारित उच्च शिक्षाको नवीन नमुनाका रूपमा हेरिन्छ। यस संस्थाको शिक्षा, अनुसन्धान तथा सामुदायिक विकासको दृष्टिकोणले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा पनि ध्यान आकर्षित गरेको छ। विभिन्न विश्वविद्यालय, अनुसन्धान संस्था तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सङ्गठनहरूले HIAL सँग सहकार्य गर्दै हिमाली क्षेत्रको दिगो विकाससम्बन्धी परियोजनाहरू सञ्चालन गरेका छन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=HIAL – About Us|url=https://hial.edu.in/|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Our Philosophy|url=https://hial.edu.in/ourphilosophy.html|website=HIAL|access-date=20 जुलाई 2026}}</ref> == बाह्य कडी == * [https://aajkalhindi.com/sonam-wangchuck-biography-real-life-story-hindi/ सोनम वाङ्चुकको जीवनी] {{Dead link|date=मे २०२६|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} * [https://www.livehindustan.com/national/story-sonam-wangchuk-boycott-chinese-product-video-aamir-khan-three-idiot-real-life-ladakh-activist-appeals-uninstall-china-apps-mobile-electronic-goods-3249850.html चीनी उत्पादन बहिष्कारबारे सोनम वाङ्चुकको अपिल] * [https://www.punjabkesari.in/national/news/china-scared-by-an-appeal-by-sonam-wangchuk-1180543 सोनम वाङ्चुकको अपिलसम्बन्धी समाचार] * [https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/sonam-wangchuk-made-solar-heated-tent-for-indian-army-now-why-jailed-under-nsa/articleshow/124210003.cms भारतीय सेनाका लागि सौर्य तापयुक्त पाल तथा NSA अन्तर्गत गिरफ्तारीसम्बन्धी समाचार] == सन्दर्भ == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:वाङ्चुक, सोनम}} rqs1c5rfq7wui9boymd15mynth9jpyg 0 150971 1368050 1367561 2026-07-31T07:36:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = बेसिल जोसेफ | image = Basil Joseph 2023s (cropped).jpg | caption = २०२३ मा बेसिल | birth_date = | birth_place = [[सुल्तान बाथेरी]], [[वायनाड जिल्ला]], केरला | alma_mater = [[कलेज अफ इन्जिनियरिङ, तिरुवनन्तपुरम]] ([[प्रविधि स्नातक|बी.टेक.]]) | occupation = {{hlist|अभिनेता|निर्देशक}} | years_active = २०१३–हालसम्म | spouse = {{Marriage|एलिजाबेथ सामुएल|2017}} | children = १ }} '''बेसिल जोसेफ''' एक भारतीय चलचित्र अभिनेता तथा निर्देशक हुन्, जो मलयालम चलचित्र उद्योगमा काम गर्छन्। उनले सन् २०१३ को चलचित्र ''थिरा'' मा विनीत श्रीनिवासनका सहायक निर्देशकका रूपमा आफ्नो चलचित्र करियर सुरु गरेका थिए। हालसम्म उनले ''कुञ्जिरामायणम्'' (२०१५), ''गोधा'' (२०१७) र ''[[मिन्नल मुरली]]'' (२०२१) गरी तीन चलचित्र निर्देशन गरेका छन्। बेसिलले सन् २०१३ को चलचित्र ''अप एन्ड डाउन: मुकलिल ओरालुन्डु'' बाट अभिनयमा पदार्पण गरेका थिए। बेसिलले धेरै मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमा सहायक भूमिकाहरू निर्वाह गरेका छन् र ''जोजी'' (२०२१) मा निभाएको भूमिकाका लागि विशेष प्रशंसा पाएका छन्। त्यसपछि उनले ''जान-ए-मन'' (२०२१), ''जय जय जय जय हे'' (२०२२), ''पालतू जानवर'' (२०२२), ''फेलिमी'' (२०२३), ''नुनाक्कुझी'' (२०२४), ''सूक्ष्मदर्शिनी'' (२०२४) र ''पोनम्यान'' (२०२५) जस्ता चलचित्रहरूमा मुख्य भूमिकामा गरेको अभिनयका लागि व्यापक प्रशंसा पाएका छन्। ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== बेसिल जोसेफको जन्म [[केरल]]को [[वायनाड जिल्ला]]स्थित सुल्तान बाथेरीमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Basil Joseph gets hitched |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/basil-joseph-gets-hitched/articleshow/60099191.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Basil Joseph, the new Sreenivasan of Malayalam film industry: Sathyan Anthikad |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/mbifl-2024/basil-jospeh-and-sathyan-anthikad-conversation-6cc1605f |work=@mathrubhumi |date=10 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> उनी ज्याकोबाइट चर्चका पादरी फादर जोसेफ पल्लिपाटका छोरा हुन्। उनले सुल्तान बाथेरीस्थित सेन्ट जोसेफ स्कुल र कल्पेट्टास्थित एसकेएमजे उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालयमा अध्ययन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |title=Basil Joseph Wayanad Literature Festival. |url=https://wlfwayanad.com/speaker/basil-joseph/ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317174445/https://wlfwayanad.com/speaker/basil-joseph/ |date=2025-03-17 }}</ref> त्यसपछि उनले तिरुवनन्तपुरमस्थित कलेज अफ इन्जिनियरिङबाट बी.टेक. उपाधि हासिल गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Basil Joseph has become a formidable presence in Malayalam films |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2023/01/07/malayalam-actor-director-basil-joseph-interview.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> उनले चलचित्र क्षेत्रमा आफ्नो करियर सुरु गर्नुअघि तिरुवनन्तपुरमको टेक्नोपार्कस्थित इन्फोसिसमा दुई वर्ष काम गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathew |first1=Mathew Joy |title=From a nerdy techie to a 'hit' debutant |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/edex/2016/Sep/30/from-a-nerdy-techie-to-a-hit-debutant-1518468.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 October 2016 |language=en}}</ref> == करियर == बेसिल जोसेफले तिरुवनन्तपुरमस्थित कलेज अफ इन्जिनियरिङमा अध्ययनरत रहँदा लघु चलचित्र ''सीईटी लाइफ'' मा अभिनय गरेका थिए। उनले [[तिरुवनन्तपुरम]]स्थित इन्फोसिसमा सिस्टम इन्जिनियरका रूपमा कार्यरत रहँदा ''ओरु थुन्डु पदम'' र ''प्रियंवदा कथारायानो'' नामक लघु चलचित्रहरूको पटकथा लेखन तथा निर्देशन पनि गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sathyendran |first1=Nita |date=27 September 2012 |title=It's a techie life: Password to reel adventures |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/its-a-techie-life-password-to-reel-adventures/article3942394.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514225047/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/its-a-techie-life-password-to-reel-adventures/article3942394.ece |archive-date=2021-05-14}}</ref> बेसिलले सन् २०१३ मा विनीत श्रीनिवासनको तेस्रो निर्देशकीय चलचित्र ''थिरा'' मा सहायक निर्देशकका रूपमा काम गरेका थिए। उनले सन् २०१५ मा दाजुभाइ विनीत श्रीनिवासन र ध्यान श्रीनिवासन अभिनीत चलचित्र ''कुञ्जिरामायणम्'' मार्फत निर्देशनमा पदार्पण गरेका थिए। उनको दोस्रो निर्देशकीय चलचित्र खेलकुदमा आधारित हास्य चलचित्र गोधा थियो, जसमा [[टोभिनो थोमस]]ले अभिनय गरेका थिए। यो चलचित्र व्यावसायिक रूपमा सफल भएको थियो र त्यस अवधिमा टोभिनो थोमसको सबैभन्दा बढी कमाइ गर्ने चलचित्र बन्न सफल भएको थियो। उनको तेस्रो चलचित्र ''[[मिन्नल मुरली]]'' थियो, जसमा टोभिनो थोमसले अभिनय गरेका थिए। यो चलचित्र सन् २०२१ मा [[नेटफ्लिक्स]]मा सार्वजनिक भएको थियो र [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]], [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]], [[तेलगु भाषा|तेलुगु]], [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] र [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] भाषामा एकैसाथ प्रदर्शन गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2022 |title= |script-title=ml:ബേസിലും ഗുരു സോമസുന്ദരവും ഒരുമിച്ചെത്തുന്നു കപ്പിലൂടെ…!! |trans-title=Basil and Guru Somasundaram come together through the cup..!! |url=https://ml.b4blaze.com/trends/basil-joseph-and-guru-somasundaram-new-movie/ |work=Blaze News |language=ml }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== १७ अगस्ट २०१७ मा उनले एलिजाबेथसँग विवाह गरेका थिए,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Basil Joseph hits the 30 milestone |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/basil-joseph-hits-the-30-milestone/articleshow/75447622.cms |access-date=8 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |last1=Mathews |first1=Anna |archive-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509055637/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/basil-joseph-hits-the-30-milestone/articleshow/75447622.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> जससँग उनी सात वर्षभन्दा बढी समयदेखि सम्बन्धमा थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/06/16/godha-director-basil-joseph-to-enter-wedlock.html |title=Godha director Basil Joseph to enter wedlock |date=16 June 2017 |website=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=7 March 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720174157/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/06/16/godha-director-basil-joseph-to-enter-wedlock.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Godha director Basil Joseph to tie the knot with his longtime girlfriend on August 17 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/godha-director-basil-joseph-to-tie-the-knot-with-his-longtime-girlfriend-on-august-17/articleshow/59900428.cms |access-date=8 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802112631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/godha-director-basil-joseph-to-tie-the-knot-with-his-longtime-girlfriend-on-august-17/articleshow/59900428.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> उनीहरूकी एक छोरी छिन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/basil-joseph-welcomes-baby-girl-she-has-already-stolen-our-hearts-8447319/ |title=Basil Joseph welcomes baby girl: 'She has already stolen our hearts' |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=15 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216072641/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/basil-joseph-welcomes-baby-girl-she-has-already-stolen-our-hearts-8447319/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == फिल्मोग्राफी == {{Pending films key}} === निर्देशकका रूपमा === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | वर्ष !! scope="col" | शीर्षक !! scope="col" class="unsortable" | लेखक !! | टिप्पणी !!scope="col" class="unsortable" | सन्दर्भ |- | २०१५ || ''कुञ्जीरामायणम्'' ||दीपु प्रदीप|| पहिलो चलचित्र||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Basil Joseph calls 'Kunjiramayanam' his "favourite" as the movie completes five years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/basil-joseph-calls-kunjiramayanam-his-favourite-as-the-movie-completes-five-years/articleshow/77801071.cms |access-date=8 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210002200/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/basil-joseph-calls-kunjiramayanam-his-favourite-as-the-movie-completes-five-years/articleshow/77801071.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | २०१७ || ''गोधा'' ||राकेश मन्तोडी||||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/aug/17/mammootty-tovino-thomas--to-star-in-godha-director-basil-josephs-next-1644363.html |title=Mammootty, Tovino Thomas to star in Godha director Basil Joseph's next |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 August 2017 |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127094152/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/aug/17/mammootty-tovino-thomas--to-star-in-godha-director-basil-josephs-next-1644363.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | २०२१ || ''[[मिन्नल मुरली]]''||अरुण अनिरुद्धन, जस्टिन म्याथ्यु||[[नेटफ्लिक्स]] चलचित्र |<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Saraswathy |date=5 September 2020 |title=Basil Joseph's Tovino-Thomas-starrer 'Minnal Murali' introduces a homegrown hero with super powers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/basil-josephs-tovino-thomas-starrer-minnal-murali-introduces-a-homegrown-hero-with-super-powers/article32529860.ece|access-date=5 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907171312/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/basil-josephs-tovino-thomas-starrer-minnal-murali-introduces-a-homegrown-hero-with-super-powers/article32529860.ece |archive-date=2020-09-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> |} ====सहायक निर्देशकका रूपमा==== * ''थिरा'' (२०१३) === अभिनेताका रूपमा === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | वर्ष ! scope="col" | शीर्षक ! scope="col" | भूमिका ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | टिप्पणी ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | सन्दर्भ |- | rowspan="2" | २०१३ || ''अप एन्ड डाउन: मुकलिल ओरालुन्डु'' || लिफ्ट प्राविधिक || || |- | ''साइलेन्स'' || जोन || || |- | २०१४ || ''होम्ली मील्स'' || सम्पादक बेसिल || || |- | २०१५ || ''कुञ्जीरामायणम्'' || वेल्लाक्कुन्डिल दिनेशन|| || |- | rowspan="2" | २०१७ || ''मायानदी'' || निर्देशक जिनु || अतिथि भूमिका || |- | ''गोधा'' || गाउँले || || |- | rowspan="3" | २०१८ || ''रोसापू'' || भानु || || |- | ''पदयोत्तम'' || पिङ्कु || || |- | ''नित्यहरित नायकन '' || जोबी || || |- | rowspan="7" | २०१९ || ''भाइरस'' || डा. मिथुन || || |- | ''काक्षी: अम्मिनिपिल्ला'' || अधिवक्ता पिलाक्कुल शाम्सु || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Film-maker Basil Joseph plays Adv. Pilakul Shamsu in 'OP 160/18 Kakshi Amminippilla' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/film-maker-basil-joseph-plays-adv-pilakul-shamsu-in-op-160/18-kakshi-amminippilla/articleshow/68670283.cms |access-date=8 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514184643/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/film-maker-basil-joseph-plays-adv-pilakul-shamsu-in-op-160/18-kakshi-amminippilla/articleshow/68670283.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''लभ एक्सन ड्रामा'' || डीजे बृजेश || || |- | ''ओर्मयिल ओरु शिशिरम्'' || सञ्जु || || |- | ''मनोहरम्'' || प्रभु || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2019 |title=Manoharam movie review: Vineeth Sreenivasan plays a struggling artist in a nice though tame film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/manoharam-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasan-plays-a-struggling-artist-in-a-nice-though-tame-film-7490881.html |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=Firstpost |archive-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118091330/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/manoharam-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasan-plays-a-struggling-artist-in-a-nice-though-tame-film-7490881.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''केट्ट्योलानु एन्ते मालाखा'' || कुञ्जाम्बी || || |- | ''मरियम वन्नु विलक्कूथी'' ||पिज्जा डेलिभरी केटा || || |- | rowspan="2" | २०२० || ''गौतमन्ते राधम्'' || वेङ्किडी अय्यर || || |- | ''किलोमिटर्स एन्ड किलोमिटर्स'' || कुट्टन || || |- | rowspan="4" | २०२१ || ''जोजी'' || फादर केभिन || || |- | ''आणुम पेण्णुम'' || ठग साबु || || |- | ''जान-ए-मन'' || जोयमोन || ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/Nov/24/i-couldnt-imagine-my-movie-without-basil-josephjan-e-man-writer-director-chidambaram-2387316.html |title=I couldn't imagine my movie without Basil Joseph: 'Jan-e-Man' writer-director Chidambaram |date=24 November 2021 |access-date=15 December 2021 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=15 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215110556/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/nov/24/i-couldnt-imagine-my-movie-without-basil-josephjan-e-man-writer-director-chidambaram-2387316.amp |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[मिन्नल मुरली]]'' || युवा राजनीतिज्ञ || विशेष उपस्थिति || |- | rowspan="8" |२०२२ || ''डियर फ्रेन्ड'' || सजित || || |- | ''न्ना थान केस कोडु'' || न्यायाधीश || विशेष उपस्थिति || |- | ''पालतू जानवर'' || प्रसून कृष्णकुमार || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=Vinoy |last2=Anjali |first2=Aneesh |script-title=ml:Palthu Janwar Movie : ജോജിക്കു ശേഷം ഭാവനാ സ്റ്റുഡിയോസ്; 'പാല്‍തു ജാന്‍വര്‍' ഓണത്തിന് |trans-title=Palthu Janwar Movie: Bhavana Studios after Joji; 'Pal Tu Jaanwar' on Onam |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/bhavana-studios-announced-palthu-janwar-starring-basil-joseph-dileesh-pothan-repd9r |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210002044/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/bhavana-studios-announced-palthu-janwar-starring-basil-joseph-dileesh-pothan-repd9r |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''ज्याक एन्ड जिल'' || रवि || || |- | ''उल्लासम्'' || असी || || |- | ''जय जय जय जय हे'' || राजेश || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2022 |title=Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Hey trailer: Funnier version of The Great Indian Kitchen? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/jaya-jaya-jaya-jaya-hey-trailer-funnier-version-of-the-great-indian-kitchen-8233585/ |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307202358/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/jaya-jaya-jaya-jaya-hey-trailer-funnier-version-of-the-great-indian-kitchen-8233585/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''नो वे आउट'' || || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ramesh Pisharody's 'No Way Out' gets a release date! |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/ramesh-pisharodys-no-way-out-gets-a-release-date/videoshow/90395061.cms |access-date=7 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307202358/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/malayalam/ramesh-pisharodys-no-way-out-gets-a-release-date/videoshow/90395061.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''मुकुन्दन उन्नी एसोसिएट्स'' || स्वयम् || आवाज || |- | rowspan="4" | २०२३ || ''एङ्किलुम चन्द्रिके'' || किरण || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title='Enkilum Chandrike' box office collection: Basil Joseph - Niranjana Anoop starrer mints Rs 1.67 crores |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/box-office/enkilum-chandrike-box-office-collection-basil-joseph-niranjana-anoop-starrer-mints-rs-1-67-crores/articleshow/98356401.cms |date=2 March 2023 |access-date=7 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307011532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/box-office/enkilum-chandrike-box-office-collection-basil-joseph-niranjana-anoop-starrer-mints-rs-1-67-crores/articleshow/98356401.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''पूक्कालम्'' ||अधिवक्ता जिक्कुमोन || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=First single from Pookkaalam out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/18/first-single-from-pookkaalam-out-41219.html |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=18 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319071531/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/18/first-single-from-pookkaalam-out-41219.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''कडिना कडोरमी अन्डाकदाहम्'' || बशीरुद्दीन (बाचु)|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/basil-joseph-starts-shooting-for-kadina-kadoramee-andakadaham-details-inside-5963245.html |title=Basil Joseph Starts Shooting For Kadina Kadoramee Andakadaham; Details Inside |date=15 September 2023 |website=[[News18]] |access-date=7 March 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307230534/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/basil-joseph-starts-shooting-for-kadina-kadoramee-andakadaham-details-inside-5963245.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''फेलिमी'' || अनूप चन्द्रन || ||<ref>{{Cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=30 March 2023 |title=Basil Joseph to play the lead in 'Falimy' |language=en-IN |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/basil-joseph-to-play-the-lead-in-falimy/article66679727.ece |access-date=21 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418101234/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/basil-joseph-to-play-the-lead-in-falimy/article66679727.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" | २०२४ || ''वर्षाङ्गल्क्कु शेषम'' || प्रदीप|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date= 20 December 2023 |title=Pranav Mohanlal and Kalyani Priyadarshan's 'Varshangalkku Shehsam' to release in April 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/varshangalkku-shesham-first-look-poster/articleshow/106157905.cms|access-date=23 December 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''गुरुवायूर अम्बलनडयिल'' || कैथोलप्परम्बिल विनु रामचन्द्रन || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title='Guruvayoor Ambalanadayil', starring Prithviraj Sukumaran and Basil Joseph, goes on floors |language=en-IN |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/guruvayoor-ambalanadayil-starring-prithviraj-sukumaran-and-basil-joseph-goes-on-floors/article66846403.ece |access-date=2023-07-16 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716075625/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/guruvayoor-ambalanadayil-starring-prithviraj-sukumaran-and-basil-joseph-goes-on-floors/article66846403.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''नुनाक्कुझी'' || एबी जकारिया पूझिक्कुन्नेल || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2023 |title=Shoot completed for Jeethu Joseph-Basil Joseph film Nunakuzhi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/dec/18/shoot-completed-for-jeethu-joseph-basil-joseph-film-nunakuzhi-50492.html |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223085405/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/dec/18/shoot-completed-for-jeethu-joseph-basil-joseph-film-nunakuzhi-50492.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''वाझा: बायोपिक अफ अ बिलियन ब्वाइज'' || प्रहरी अधिकृत || अतिथि भूमिका ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-15 |title=Vaazha gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/15/vaazha-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''अजयन्ते रन्डाम मोशनम्'' || के.पी. सुरेश || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Ajayante Randam Moshanam: Tovino Thomas-Krithi Shetty's fantasy drama goes on floors |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ajayante-randam-moshanam-tovino-thomas-krithi-shetty-fantasy-drama-goes-on-floors-8202651/ |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011120015/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ajayante-randam-moshanam-tovino-thomas-krithi-shetty-fantasy-drama-goes-on-floors-8202651/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''कप'' || रनीश|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-Basil Joseph starrer Cup confirms release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-basil-joseph-starrer-cup-confirms-release |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''सूक्ष्मदर्शिनी'' || म्यानुअल || ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sookshmadarshini: Nazriya Nazim's comeback Malayalam film, also starring Basil Joseph, goes on floors |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sookshmadarshini-nazriya-nazims-comeback-malayalam-film-also-starring-basil-joseph-goes-on-floors/article68228279.ece/ |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=The Hindu|date=29 May 2024 }}</ref> |- | rowspan=5| २०२५ || ''प्रविनकूडु शाप्पु'' ||एसआई सन्तोष सी. जे.|| ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/basil-joseph-soubin-shahir-film-pravinkoodu-shappu-gets-a-release-date-article-116763890 | title=Basil Joseph-Soubin Shahir's Pravinkoodu Shappu Gets A Release Date! | publisher=[[Times Now]] | work=Rohit Panikker | date=29 December 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024}}</ref> |- | ''पोनम्यान'' || पी.पी. अजेश || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2025-01-18 |title=Release preponed for Basil Joseph's Ponman |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/18/release-preponed-for-basil-josephs-ponman |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''मरणमास'' ||लुक पी.पी. || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-01 |title=Basil Joseph's Maranamass confirms release date, trailer unveiled |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/01/basil-josephs-maranamass-confirms-release-date-trailer-unveiled |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''हृदयपूर्वम्'' ||डा. मनु रमेशन्||अतिथि भूमिका ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-25 |title=Basil Joseph, Meera Jasmine in Mohanlal's Hridayapoorvam? Censor details spark excitement |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/basil-joseph-meera-jasmine-special-appearance-in-mohanlal-hridayapoorvam-xym1wsyw |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=Mathrubhumi News|language=en}}</ref> |- | ''मधुरम् जीवामृत बिन्दु'' || इलियास|| एन्थोलोजी चलचित्र||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-01 |title=Madhuram Jeevamrutha Bindu OTT: മധുരം ജീവാമൃത ബിന്ദു ഒടിടിയിലെത്തി, എവിടെ കാണാം? |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/madhuram-jeevamrutha-bindu-starts-streaming-on-ott-10612709 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Indian Express|language=ml}}</ref> |- | rowspan=3 | २०२६ || ''पराशक्ति'' || मेजर ओमन चाको || तमिल चलचित्र; अतिथि भूमिका ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2026-01-08 |title=Sivakarthikeyan confirms Basil Joseph's cameo in Parasakthi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Jan/08/tamilnews2026jan07sivakarthikeyan-confirms-basil-josephs-cameo-in-parasakthi |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''अथिरडी'' || सामकुट्टी || निर्माता पनि ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Tovino Thomas, Vineeth Sreenivasan, and Basil Joseph's 'Athiradi' gets a release date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/tovino-thomas-vineeth-sreenivasan-and-basil-josephs-athiradi-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/126573870.cms |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> |- | ''मलिउड टाइम्स'' || सुपरस्टार स्वरूप || अतिथि भूमिका ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-06-09 |title=Basil Joseph: I realised I had a Mollywood Times cameo only in theatre |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jun/09/basil-joseph-i-realised-i-had-a-mollywood-times-cameo-only-in-theatre |access-date=2026-07-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- |} == पुरस्कार तथा मनोनयन == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | वर्ष ! scope="col" | पुरस्कार ! scope="col" | विधा ! scope="col" | चलचित्र ! scope="col" | परिणाम ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | सन्दर्भ |- | २०१९ | [[दक्षिण भारतीय अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार|साइमा पुरस्कार]] | हास्य भूमिकामा सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेता (मलयालम) | ''केट्ट्योलानु एन्ते मालाखा'' | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-awards-2021-take-a-look-at-the-full-winners-list-707158 |title=SIIMA Awards 2021: Take A Look At The Full Winner's List |work=The Hans India |date=19 September 2021 |access-date=19 September 2021 |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921111456/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/cinema/siima-awards-2021-take-a-look-at-the-full-winners-list-707158 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan=3 | २०२२ | मजहविल मनोरमा इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट पुरस्कार | विशेष उल्लेख | rowspan=3 | ''[[मिन्नल मुरली]]'' | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/08/27/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-telecast-timing-amma-show.html |title=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards is back. Here's when the show will premier on TV |date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Online]] |access-date=11 September 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011125733/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/08/27/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-telecast-timing-amma-show.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | साइमा पुरस्कार | सर्वश्रेष्ठ निर्देशक (मलयालम) | {{nominated}} |<ref>{{cite news| url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-2021-nominations-allu-arjun-pushpa-dhanush-karnan-tovino-thomas-minnal-murali-lead-8095126/|title=SIIMA 2021 nomination|date=27 September 2022|access-date=10 February 2024|website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> |- | एसियन एकेडेमी क्रिएटिभ पुरस्कार | सर्वश्रेष्ठ निर्देशक (फिक्सन) | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/basil-joseph-wins-top-honour-at-asian-academy-creative-awards-8315453/ |title=Basil Joseph Wins Top Honour at Asian Academy Creative Awards |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=9 December 2022 |access-date=10 December 2022 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210064153/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/basil-joseph-wins-top-honour-at-asian-academy-creative-awards-8315453/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | २०२३ | साइमा पुरस्कार | विशेष जुरी प्रशंसा | ''जय जय जय जय हे'' | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/siima-awards-2023-live-updates-siima-awards-2023-winners-list-news-updates/liveblog/103715763.cms|title=SIIMA Award 2023 |date=17 September 2023 |website=[[Times of India]] |access-date=10 February 2023 }}</ref> |- |2024 |मजहविल इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट पुरस्कार |वर्षको मनोरञ्जक (विशेष उल्लेख) |''फेलिमी'', ''गुरुवायूर अम्बलनडयिल'', ''वर्षाङ्गल्क्कु शेषम'' |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards 2024: Jagathy is ultimate entertainer; Urvashi, Sathyan Anthikad honoured |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/21/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-jagathy-sreekumar-mohanlal-mammootty-amma.html |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards 2024: Jagathy is ultimate entertainer; Urvashi, Sathyan Anthikad honoured |language=en}}</ref> |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{IMDb name|7243877}} * {{Instagram|ibasiljoseph}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय चलचित्र अभिनेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मलयालम चलचित्र अभिनेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय चलचित्र निर्देशकहरू]] 4ugqnchdk8gn8hcpg6670at18d97k4r 0 151018 1367952 1367853 2026-07-30T12:59:59Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1367952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|आयरल्यान्डकी सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता र स्वामी विवेकानन्दकी शिष्या}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = सिस्टर निवेदिता | image = Sœur Nivedita.jpg | alt = बसेको अवस्थामा भगिनी निवेदिताको एक तस्वीर | caption = [[भारत]]मा भगिनी निवेदिता | religion = {{plainlist|[[हिन्दु धर्म]] (मृत्युको समयमा) <br>[[मेथोडिस्ट]] (जन्मको समयमा) }} | birth_name = मार्गरेट एलिजाबेथ नोबेल | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1867|10|28}} | birth_place = [[डङ्गानन]], काउन्टी टायरोन, आयरल्यान्ड, ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य | death_date = {{Death date and age|13 October 1911|28 October 1867}} | death_place = [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], ब्रिटिस भारत | teacher = [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]] | disciple = <!-- प्रमुख शिष्य(हरू) मात्र --> | founder = [[रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन सिस्टर निवेदिता गर्ल्स स्कुल]] | region = [[भारतीय दर्शन]] | philosophy = [[अद्वैत वेदान्त]] | influences = {{flatlist| [[बुद्ध]] [[जोहान हेनरिक पेस्तालोज्जी|पेस्तालोज्जी]] [[फ्रेडरिक फ्रोबेल|फ्रोबेल]] [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]] [[शारदा देवी]] [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द|विवेकानन्द]] }} | influenced = {{flatlist| [[ई. बी. ह्याभेल|ह्याभेल]] [[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[आनन्द कुमारस्वामी|कुमारस्वामी]] [[नन्दलाल बोस]] [[असित कुमार हल्दार]] [[सुब्रह्मण्य भारती|भारती]] }} | notable_works = [[काली द मदर (पुस्तक)|''काली द मदर'']], ''[[द वेब अफ इन्डियन लाइफ]]'', ''[[क्रेडल टेल्स अफ हिन्दुइजम]]'', ''[[एन इन्डियन स्टडी अफ लभ एन्ड डेथ]]'', ''[[द मास्टर एज आइ स हिम]]'', ''[[नोट्स अफ सम वान्डरिङ्ग्स विथ द स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]'', ''[[सेलेक्ट एसेज अफ सिस्टर निवेदिता]]'', ''[[स्टडिज फ्रम एन इस्टर्न होम]]'', ''[[मिथ्स अफ द हिन्दुज एन्ड बुद्धिस्ट्स]]'', ''[[फुटफल्स अफ इन्डियन हिस्ट्री]]'', ''[[रिलिजन एन्ड धर्म]]'' }} '''भगिनी निवेदिता''' {{Audio|Sister Nibedita.oga|सुन्नुहोस्}}; जन्मनाम: '''मार्गरेट एलिजाबेथ नोबेल'''; २८ अक्टोबर १८६७ – १३ अक्टोबर १९११)<ref name="JonesRyan2007">{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&pg=PA317|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5|pages=316–317}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hindus want national holiday on October 13 to mark Sister Nivedita's 100th death anniversary|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329154630/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2015|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 June 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329154630/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html |date=29 March 2015 }}</ref> एक आयरल्यान्डेली–भारतीय दार्शनिक, शिक्षाविद्, लेखिका, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता तथा [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]की शिष्या थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barua |first=Ankur |date=January 2020 |title=The Hindu Cosmopolitanism of Sister Nivedita (Margaret Elizabeth Noble): An Irish Self in Imperial Currents |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/abs/hindu-cosmopolitanism-of-sister-nivedita-margaret-elizabeth-noble-an-irish-self-in-imperial-currents/E4CF78E99A4D134AC7BB1FA82810328F |journal=Harvard Theological Review |language=en |volume=113 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1017/S0017816019000324 |s2cid=213668994 |issn=0017-8160|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="CoomaraswamyPerry2011">{{cite book|author1=Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy|author2=Whitall N. (INT) Perry|title=The Wisdom of Ananda Coomaraswamy: Reflections on Indian Art, Life, and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXD_NsQycKYC&pg=PA129|year=2011|publisher=World Wisdom, Inc|isbn=978-1-935493-95-2|pages=129–}}</ref><ref name="Hayes">{{cite journal |last1=Hayes |first1=Maurice |title=Noble, Margaret Elizabeth (Sister Nivedita) |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/noble-margaret-elizabeth-sister-nivedita-a6218 |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |access-date=5 January 2026 |location=Dublin |doi=10.3318/dib.006218.v2 |date=2009|doi-access=free }}</ref> भगिनी निवेदिताले सन् १८९५ मा [[लन्डन]]मा स्वामी विवेकानन्दसँग भेट गरेपछि सन् १८९८ मा उनले [[भारत]] भ्रमण गरेकी थिइन्। स्वामी विवेकानन्दले २५ मार्च १८९८ मा उनलाई ''ब्रह्मचर्य''को व्रतमा दीक्षित गर्दा ''निवेदिता'' (अर्थ: "ईश्वरलाई समर्पित") नाम दिएका थिए। नोभेम्बर १८९८ मा, उनले उत्तरी कलकत्ताको [[बागबाजार]] क्षेत्रमा कन्याहरूका लागि विद्यालय खोलेकी थिइन्। उनी आधारभूत शिक्षाबाट वञ्चित भएका कन्याहरूलाई शिक्षा दिन चाहन्थिन्। सन् १८९९ मा कलकत्तामा महामारीको समयमा, निवेदिताले गरिब बिरामीहरूको सेवा र हेरचाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nivedita |first=Sister |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06EFEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sister+Nivedita+plague&pg=PT3 |title=Kali the Mother |date=2021-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> निवेदिताको नवस्थापित [[रामकृष्ण मिसन]]सँग निकट सम्बन्ध थियो। [[भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद]]को क्षेत्रमा उनको सक्रिय योगदानको कारण, उनले तत्कालीन अध्यक्ष स्वामी ब्रह्मानन्दको अधीनमा रामकृष्ण मिसनका गतिविधिहरूबाट सार्वजनिक रूपमा आफूलाई अलग गर्नु परेको थियो। भारतमा ब्रिटिस अधिकारीहरूको हातबाट उत्पीडनबाट बच्नको लागि यस्तो कदम लिनु परेको थियो। उनी [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]]की पत्नी र रामकृष्ण मिसनको प्रमुख प्रभावहरू मध्ये एक [[शारदा देवी]]सँग अत्यन्तै निकट थिइन् भने यसका साथै स्वामी विवेकानन्दका सबै गुरुभाईहरूसँग पनि निकट थिइन्। उनको १३ अक्टोबर १९११ मा [[दार्जिलिङ]]मा मृत्यु भएको थियो। उनको चिहानमा लेखिएको छ, "यहाँ भगिनी निवेदिता शयन गर्छिन् जसले भारतलाई आफ्नो सबै थोक अर्पण गरिन्।"<ref name="Here lies Sister Nivedita who gave her all to India">{{cite book|author=Compiled|title=Awakening Indians to India (Paperback)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIU4LzftaPAC&pg=PA370|year=2008|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|isbn=978-81-7597-434-0|pages=370–}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} rs32j8hlpvufo3ntnkc6isic9hjkdle 1367958 1367952 2026-07-30T13:05:16Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1367958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|आयरल्यान्डकी सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता र स्वामी विवेकानन्दकी शिष्या}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = सिस्टर निवेदिता | image = Sœur Nivedita.jpg | alt = बसेको अवस्थामा भगिनी निवेदिताको एक तस्वीर | caption = [[भारत]]मा भगिनी निवेदिता | religion = {{plainlist|[[हिन्दु धर्म]] (मृत्युको समयमा) <br>[[मेथोडिस्ट]] (जन्मको समयमा) }} | birth_name = मार्गरेट एलिजाबेथ नोबेल | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1867|10|28}} | birth_place = [[डङ्गानन]], काउन्टी टायरोन, आयरल्यान्ड, ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य | death_date = {{Death date and age|13 October 1911|28 October 1867}} | death_place = [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], ब्रिटिस भारत | teacher = [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]] | disciple = <!-- प्रमुख शिष्य(हरू) मात्र --> | founder = [[रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन सिस्टर निवेदिता गर्ल्स स्कुल]] | region = [[भारतीय दर्शन]] | philosophy = [[अद्वैत वेदान्त]] | influences = {{flatlist| [[बुद्ध]] [[जोहान हेनरिक पेस्तालोज्जी|पेस्तालोज्जी]] [[फ्रेडरिक फ्रोबेल|फ्रोबेल]] [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]] [[शारदा देवी]] [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द|विवेकानन्द]] }} | influenced = {{flatlist| [[ई. बी. ह्याभेल|ह्याभेल]] [[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[आनन्द कुमारस्वामी|कुमारस्वामी]] [[नन्दलाल बोस]] [[असित कुमार हल्दार]] [[सुब्रह्मण्य भारती|भारती]] }} | notable_works = [[काली द मदर (पुस्तक)|''काली द मदर'']], ''[[द वेब अफ इन्डियन लाइफ]]'', ''[[क्रेडल टेल्स अफ हिन्दुइजम]]'', ''[[एन इन्डियन स्टडी अफ लभ एन्ड डेथ]]'', ''[[द मास्टर एज आइ स हिम]]'', ''[[नोट्स अफ सम वान्डरिङ्ग्स विथ द स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]'', ''[[सेलेक्ट एसेज अफ सिस्टर निवेदिता]]'', ''[[स्टडिज फ्रम एन इस्टर्न होम]]'', ''[[मिथ्स अफ द हिन्दुज एन्ड बुद्धिस्ट्स]]'', ''[[फुटफल्स अफ इन्डियन हिस्ट्री]]'', ''[[रिलिजन एन्ड धर्म]]'' }} '''भगिनी निवेदिता''' {{Audio|Sister Nibedita.oga|सुन्नुहोस्}}; जन्मनाम: '''मार्गरेट एलिजाबेथ नोबेल'''; २८ अक्टोबर १८६७ – १३ अक्टोबर १९११)<ref name="JonesRyan2007">{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&pg=PA317|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5|pages=316–317}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hindus want national holiday on October 13 to mark Sister Nivedita's 100th death anniversary|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329154630/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2015|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 June 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329154630/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html |date=29 March 2015 }}</ref> एक आयरल्यान्डेली–भारतीय दार्शनिक, शिक्षाविद्, लेखिका, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता तथा [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]की शिष्या थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barua |first=Ankur |date=January 2020 |title=The Hindu Cosmopolitanism of Sister Nivedita (Margaret Elizabeth Noble): An Irish Self in Imperial Currents |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/abs/hindu-cosmopolitanism-of-sister-nivedita-margaret-elizabeth-noble-an-irish-self-in-imperial-currents/E4CF78E99A4D134AC7BB1FA82810328F |journal=Harvard Theological Review |language=en |volume=113 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1017/S0017816019000324 |s2cid=213668994 |issn=0017-8160|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="CoomaraswamyPerry2011">{{cite book|author1=Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy|author2=Whitall N. (INT) Perry|title=The Wisdom of Ananda Coomaraswamy: Reflections on Indian Art, Life, and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXD_NsQycKYC&pg=PA129|year=2011|publisher=World Wisdom, Inc|isbn=978-1-935493-95-2|pages=129–}}</ref><ref name="Hayes">{{cite journal |last1=Hayes |first1=Maurice |title=Noble, Margaret Elizabeth (Sister Nivedita) |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/noble-margaret-elizabeth-sister-nivedita-a6218 |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |access-date=5 January 2026 |location=Dublin |doi=10.3318/dib.006218.v2 |date=2009|doi-access=free }}</ref> भगिनी निवेदिताले सन् १८९५ मा [[लन्डन]]मा स्वामी विवेकानन्दसँग भेट गरेपछि सन् १८९८ मा उनले [[भारत]] भ्रमण गरेकी थिइन्। स्वामी विवेकानन्दले २५ मार्च १८९८ मा उनलाई ''ब्रह्मचर्य''को व्रतमा दीक्षित गर्दा ''निवेदिता'' (अर्थ: "ईश्वरलाई समर्पित") नाम दिएका थिए। नोभेम्बर १८९८ मा, उनले उत्तरी कलकत्ताको [[बागबाजार]] क्षेत्रमा कन्याहरूका लागि विद्यालय खोलेकी थिइन्। उनी आधारभूत शिक्षाबाट वञ्चित भएका कन्याहरूलाई शिक्षा दिन चाहन्थिन्। सन् १८९९ मा कलकत्तामा महामारीको समयमा, निवेदिताले गरिब बिरामीहरूको सेवा र हेरचाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nivedita |first=Sister |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06EFEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sister+Nivedita+plague&pg=PT3 |title=Kali the Mother |date=2021-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> निवेदिताको नवस्थापित [[रामकृष्ण मिसन]]सँग निकट सम्बन्ध थियो। [[भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद]]को क्षेत्रमा उनको सक्रिय योगदानको कारण, उनले तत्कालीन अध्यक्ष स्वामी ब्रह्मानन्दको अधीनमा रामकृष्ण मिसनका गतिविधिहरूबाट सार्वजनिक रूपमा आफूलाई अलग गर्नु परेको थियो। भारतमा ब्रिटिस अधिकारीहरूको हातबाट उत्पीडनबाट बच्नको लागि यस्तो कदम लिनु परेको थियो। उनी [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]]की पत्नी र रामकृष्ण मिसनको प्रमुख प्रभावहरू मध्ये एक [[शारदा देवी]]सँग अत्यन्तै निकट थिइन् भने यसका साथै स्वामी विवेकानन्दका सबै गुरुभाईहरूसँग पनि निकट थिइन्। उनको १३ अक्टोबर १९११ मा [[दार्जिलिङ]]मा मृत्यु भएको थियो। उनको चिहानमा लेखिएको छ, "यहाँ भगिनी निवेदिता शयन गर्छिन् जसले भारतलाई आफ्नो सबै थोक अर्पण गरिन्।"<ref name="Here lies Sister Nivedita who gave her all to India">{{cite book|author=Compiled|title=Awakening Indians to India (Paperback)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIU4LzftaPAC&pg=PA370|year=2008|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|isbn=978-81-7597-434-0|pages=370–}}</ref> == प्रभाव == [[चित्र:BRKM Nivedita Bhawan name plaque.jpg|thumb|बारानगोर रामकृष्ण मिसन आश्रम हाई स्कुलमा निवेदिता भवनको शिलालेख]] भगिनी निवेदिता भारतकी सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली महिला व्यक्तित्वमध्ये एक थिइन्। उनको पुस्तक ''काली, द मदर''ले [[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]लाई प्रभावित गरेको थियो जसले [[भारत माता]]को चित्र बनाएका थिए।<ref name="Not Earth's Girl">{{cite news|title=Not Earth's Girl|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111023/jsp/opinion/story_14651226.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425064334/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111023/jsp/opinion/story_14651226.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2014|access-date=5 October 2012|newspaper=Telegraph, Calcutta|date=23 October 2011|location=Calcutta, India|first=Arindam|last=Chakrabarti}}</ref> सन् २०१० मा, कलकत्ताको विधाननगरमा रहेको [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड]]को कार्यालयको नाम भगिनी निवेदिताको नाममा राखिएको थियो।<ref name="Madhyamik to breach million mark">{{cite news|title=Madhyamik to breach million mark|newspaper=Telegraph Calcutta|date=19 November 2010}}</ref> तमिलनाडुको [[चेन्नई]]मा उनको सम्झनामा समर्पित भगिनी निवेदिता एकेडेमी स्थापना गरिएको छ।<ref name="Sister Nivedita Academy">{{cite web|title=Sister Nivedita Academy|url=https://sribharatamatamandir.org/word/?page_id=48|access-date=5 October 2012}}</ref> उनको नाममा धेरै विद्यालय र कलेजहरू नामाकरण गरिएका छन्। सन् १९६८ मा, भारत सरकारले उनको सम्झनामा एउटा हुलाक टिकट जारी गरेको थियो। कलकत्ताको [[दक्षिणेश्वर]] नजिकैको निवेदिता पुल उनको सम्मानमा नामाकरण गरिएको हो।<ref name="Sister Nivedita commemorative stamp">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Color/Blue%20Green/SISTER%20NIVEDITA|title=Sister Nivedita commemorative stamp|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> सन् २०१५ मा, कलकत्ताको अलीपुरस्थित हेस्टिङ्स हाउसमा एउटा नयाँ सरकारी डिग्री कलेजको नाम निवेदिताको नाममा राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |title = Mamata Banerjee lays foundation for Soujanya|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150929085608/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house |url-status = dead |archive-date = 29 September 2015 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> सन् २०१८ मा, कलकत्ताको [[बारानगोर रामकृष्ण मिसन आश्रम हाई स्कुल]]को उच्च माध्यमिक तहको विद्यालय भवनको नाम निवेदिताको नाममा "निवेदिता भवन" राखिएको थियो।<ref name=NiveditaBhawan>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-nivedita-bhavan-baranagar-may-2018-1900|title=Inauguration Of Nivedita Bhavan, Baranagar RKM|date=24 January 2020|access-date=17 August 2021|publisher=Belur Math|website=belurmath.org}}</ref> उनले धार्मिक बहुलवाद र मानवताको आध्यात्मिक एकतालाई प्रभाव पारेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vivekananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3g43cT6apzoC&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3 |title=The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda |date=1946 |publisher=Advaita Ashrama |language=en}}</ref> जेफ्री डी लङ निवेदिताको कार्यबाट प्रभावित थिए, जसलाई उनले विश्वव्यापी बहुलवादको लागि "जीवित पुल" मान्थे र उनलाई "पश्चिमको लागि र पश्चिमबाट एउटा प्रकाश" तथा "हामी सबै एक हौँ" भन्ने उनको अधिवक्ताको रूपमा मान्थे।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Long |first=Jeffery |date=2025-02-02 |title=Sister Nivedita: A Light for and from the West (Prabuddha Bharata, January 2017) |url=https://www.academia.edu/32321019/Sister_Nivedita_A_Light_for_and_from_the_West_Prabuddha_Bharata_January_2017_}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} t98pndym6ta09nncsqny2itvypurs80 1368051 1367958 2026-07-31T07:40:24Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|आयरल्यान्डकी सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता र स्वामी विवेकानन्दकी शिष्या}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = सिस्टर निवेदिता | image = Sœur Nivedita.jpg | alt = बसेको अवस्थामा भगिनी निवेदिताको एक तस्वीर | caption = [[भारत]]मा भगिनी निवेदिता | religion = {{plainlist|[[हिन्दु धर्म]] (मृत्युको समयमा) <br>[[मेथोडिस्ट]] (जन्मको समयमा) }} | birth_name = मार्गरेट एलिजाबेथ नोबेल | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1867|10|28}} | birth_place = [[डङ्गानन]], काउन्टी टायरोन, आयरल्यान्ड, ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य | death_date = {{Death date and age|13 October 1911|28 October 1867}} | death_place = [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], ब्रिटिस भारत | teacher = [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]] | disciple = <!-- प्रमुख शिष्य(हरू) मात्र --> | founder = [[रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन सिस्टर निवेदिता गर्ल्स स्कुल]] | region = [[भारतीय दर्शन]] | philosophy = [[अद्वैत वेदान्त]] | influences = {{flatlist| [[बुद्ध]] [[जोहान हेनरिक पेस्तालोज्जी|पेस्तालोज्जी]] [[फ्रेडरिक फ्रोबेल|फ्रोबेल]] [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]] [[शारदा देवी]] [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द|विवेकानन्द]] }} | influenced = {{flatlist| [[ई. बी. ह्याभेल|ह्याभेल]] [[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[आनन्द कुमारस्वामी|कुमारस्वामी]] [[नन्दलाल बोस]] [[असित कुमार हल्दार]] [[सुब्रह्मण्य भारती|भारती]] }} | notable_works = [[काली द मदर (पुस्तक)|''काली द मदर'']], ''[[द वेब अफ इन्डियन लाइफ]]'', ''[[क्रेडल टेल्स अफ हिन्दुइजम]]'', ''[[एन इन्डियन स्टडी अफ लभ एन्ड डेथ]]'', ''[[द मास्टर एज आइ स हिम]]'', ''[[नोट्स अफ सम वान्डरिङ्ग्स विथ द स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]'', ''[[सेलेक्ट एसेज अफ सिस्टर निवेदिता]]'', ''[[स्टडिज फ्रम एन इस्टर्न होम]]'', ''[[मिथ्स अफ द हिन्दुज एन्ड बुद्धिस्ट्स]]'', ''[[फुटफल्स अफ इन्डियन हिस्ट्री]]'', ''[[रिलिजन एन्ड धर्म]]'' }} '''भगिनी निवेदिता''' {{Audio|Sister Nibedita.oga|सुन्नुहोस्}}; जन्मनाम: '''मार्गरेट एलिजाबेथ नोबेल'''; २८ अक्टोबर १८६७ – १३ अक्टोबर १९११)<ref name="JonesRyan2007">{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&pg=PA317|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5|pages=316–317}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hindus want national holiday on October 13 to mark Sister Nivedita's 100th death anniversary|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329154630/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2015|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 June 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329154630/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2254149551.html |date=29 March 2015 }}</ref> एक आयरल्यान्डेली–भारतीय दार्शनिक, शिक्षाविद्, लेखिका, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता तथा [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]की शिष्या थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barua |first=Ankur |date=January 2020 |title=The Hindu Cosmopolitanism of Sister Nivedita (Margaret Elizabeth Noble): An Irish Self in Imperial Currents |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/harvard-theological-review/article/abs/hindu-cosmopolitanism-of-sister-nivedita-margaret-elizabeth-noble-an-irish-self-in-imperial-currents/E4CF78E99A4D134AC7BB1FA82810328F |journal=Harvard Theological Review |language=en |volume=113 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1017/S0017816019000324 |s2cid=213668994 |issn=0017-8160|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="CoomaraswamyPerry2011">{{cite book|author1=Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy|author2=Whitall N. (INT) Perry|title=The Wisdom of Ananda Coomaraswamy: Reflections on Indian Art, Life, and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXD_NsQycKYC&pg=PA129|year=2011|publisher=World Wisdom, Inc|isbn=978-1-935493-95-2|pages=129–}}</ref><ref name="Hayes">{{cite journal |last1=Hayes |first1=Maurice |title=Noble, Margaret Elizabeth (Sister Nivedita) |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/noble-margaret-elizabeth-sister-nivedita-a6218 |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |access-date=5 January 2026 |location=Dublin |doi=10.3318/dib.006218.v2 |date=2009|doi-access=free }}</ref> भगिनी निवेदिताले सन् १८९५ मा [[लन्डन]]मा स्वामी विवेकानन्दसँग भेट गरेपछि सन् १८९८ मा उनले [[भारत]] भ्रमण गरेकी थिइन्। स्वामी विवेकानन्दले २५ मार्च १८९८ मा उनलाई ''ब्रह्मचर्य''को व्रतमा दीक्षित गर्दा ''निवेदिता'' (अर्थ: "ईश्वरलाई समर्पित") नाम दिएका थिए। नोभेम्बर १८९८ मा, उनले उत्तरी कलकत्ताको [[बागबाजार]] क्षेत्रमा कन्याहरूका लागि विद्यालय खोलेकी थिइन्। उनी आधारभूत शिक्षाबाट वञ्चित भएका कन्याहरूलाई शिक्षा दिन चाहन्थिन्। सन् १८९९ मा कलकत्तामा महामारीको समयमा, निवेदिताले गरिब बिरामीहरूको सेवा र हेरचाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nivedita |first=Sister |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06EFEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sister+Nivedita+plague&pg=PT3 |title=Kali the Mother |date=2021-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> निवेदिताको नवस्थापित [[रामकृष्ण मिसन]]सँग निकट सम्बन्ध थियो। [[भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद]]को क्षेत्रमा उनको सक्रिय योगदानको कारण, उनले तत्कालीन अध्यक्ष स्वामी ब्रह्मानन्दको अधीनमा रामकृष्ण मिसनका गतिविधिहरूबाट सार्वजनिक रूपमा आफूलाई अलग गर्नु परेको थियो। भारतमा ब्रिटिस अधिकारीहरूको हातबाट उत्पीडनबाट बच्नको लागि यस्तो कदम लिनु परेको थियो। उनी [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]]की पत्नी र रामकृष्ण मिसनको प्रमुख प्रभावहरू मध्ये एक [[शारदा देवी]]सँग अत्यन्तै निकट थिइन् भने यसका साथै स्वामी विवेकानन्दका सबै गुरुभाईहरूसँग पनि निकट थिइन्। उनको १३ अक्टोबर १९११ मा [[दार्जिलिङ]]मा मृत्यु भएको थियो। उनको चिहानमा लेखिएको छ, "यहाँ भगिनी निवेदिता शयन गर्छिन् जसले भारतलाई आफ्नो सबै थोक अर्पण गरिन्।"<ref name="Here lies Sister Nivedita who gave her all to India">{{cite book|author=Compiled|title=Awakening Indians to India (Paperback)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIU4LzftaPAC&pg=PA370|year=2008|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|isbn=978-81-7597-434-0|pages=370–}}</ref> == प्रभाव == [[चित्र:BRKM Nivedita Bhawan name plaque.jpg|thumb|बारानगोर रामकृष्ण मिसन आश्रम हाई स्कुलमा निवेदिता भवनको शिलालेख]] भगिनी निवेदिता भारतकी सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली महिला व्यक्तित्वमध्ये एक थिइन्। उनको पुस्तक ''काली, द मदर''ले [[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]लाई प्रभावित गरेको थियो जसले [[भारत माता]]को चित्र बनाएका थिए।<ref name="Not Earth's Girl">{{cite news|title=Not Earth's Girl|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111023/jsp/opinion/story_14651226.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425064334/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111023/jsp/opinion/story_14651226.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2014|access-date=5 October 2012|newspaper=Telegraph, Calcutta|date=23 October 2011|location=Calcutta, India|first=Arindam|last=Chakrabarti}}</ref> सन् २०१० मा, कलकत्ताको विधाननगरमा रहेको [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड]]को कार्यालयको नाम भगिनी निवेदिताको नाममा राखिएको थियो।<ref name="Madhyamik to breach million mark">{{cite news|title=Madhyamik to breach million mark|newspaper=Telegraph Calcutta|date=19 November 2010}}</ref> तमिलनाडुको [[चेन्नई]]मा उनको सम्झनामा समर्पित भगिनी निवेदिता एकेडेमी स्थापना गरिएको छ।<ref name="Sister Nivedita Academy">{{cite web|title=Sister Nivedita Academy|url=https://sribharatamatamandir.org/word/?page_id=48|access-date=5 October 2012}}</ref> उनको नाममा धेरै विद्यालय र कलेजहरू नामाकरण गरिएका छन्। सन् १९६८ मा, भारत सरकारले उनको सम्झनामा एउटा हुलाक टिकट जारी गरेको थियो। कलकत्ताको [[दक्षिणेश्वर]] नजिकैको निवेदिता पुल उनको सम्मानमा नामाकरण गरिएको हो।<ref name="Sister Nivedita commemorative stamp">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Color/Blue%20Green/SISTER%20NIVEDITA|title=Sister Nivedita commemorative stamp|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> सन् २०१५ मा, कलकत्ताको अलीपुरस्थित हेस्टिङ्स हाउसमा एउटा नयाँ सरकारी डिग्री कलेजको नाम निवेदिताको नाममा राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |title = Mamata Banerjee lays foundation for Soujanya |url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150929085608/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house |url-status = dead |archive-date = 29 September 2015 |work = The Economic Times |access-date = 12 September 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929085608/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-16/news/64495421_1_mamata-banerjee-foundation-stone-hyderabad-house |date=2015-09-29 }}</ref> सन् २०१८ मा, कलकत्ताको [[बारानगोर रामकृष्ण मिसन आश्रम हाई स्कुल]]को उच्च माध्यमिक तहको विद्यालय भवनको नाम निवेदिताको नाममा "निवेदिता भवन" राखिएको थियो।<ref name=NiveditaBhawan>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-nivedita-bhavan-baranagar-may-2018-1900|title=Inauguration Of Nivedita Bhavan, Baranagar RKM|date=24 January 2020|access-date=17 August 2021|publisher=Belur Math|website=belurmath.org}}</ref> उनले धार्मिक बहुलवाद र मानवताको आध्यात्मिक एकतालाई प्रभाव पारेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vivekananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3g43cT6apzoC&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3 |title=The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda |date=1946 |publisher=Advaita Ashrama |language=en}}</ref> जेफ्री डी लङ निवेदिताको कार्यबाट प्रभावित थिए, जसलाई उनले विश्वव्यापी बहुलवादको लागि "जीवित पुल" मान्थे र उनलाई "पश्चिमको लागि र पश्चिमबाट एउटा प्रकाश" तथा "हामी सबै एक हौँ" भन्ने उनको अधिवक्ताको रूपमा मान्थे।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Long |first=Jeffery |date=2025-02-02 |title=Sister Nivedita: A Light for and from the West (Prabuddha Bharata, January 2017) |url=https://www.academia.edu/32321019/Sister_Nivedita_A_Light_for_and_from_the_West_Prabuddha_Bharata_January_2017_}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} euepl52yrox9vrv5kigd5kt6bvn6tu2 0 151019 1367950 1367799 2026-07-30T12:31:55Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1367950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = सद्य | image = Sadhya DSW.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = | country = [[भारत]] | region = [[केरल]] | creator = | course = | type = | served = | main_ingredient = | variations = | calories = | other = [[कामायन]] }} [[File:Sadya 2019.jpg|thumb|परम्परागत केरल सद्य]] '''''सद्य''''' ({{langx|ml|സദ്യ}}) [[केरल]]बाट उत्पत्ति भएको भोजन हो। यो सबै [[मलयाली जाति|मलयाली]]हरूका लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण मानिन्छ र परम्परागत शाकाहारी परिकारहरूको विविधताले बनेको हुन्छ, जुन प्रायः दिउँसोको खानाका रूपमा [[केरा]]को पातमा परोसिन्छ।<ref>Kerala's Slow Food; The Indian banana leaf banquet that tastes like home by Shahnaz Habib AFAR March/ April 2014 page 49</ref> सद्य प्रायः [[ओणम]] र [[विषु]]जस्ता हिन्दू पर्वहरूका अवसरमा परम्परागत भोजका रूपमा परोसिन्छ।<ref name="Iyer 2018">{{cite web |last=Iyer |first=Meenakshi |title=Onam 2018, here's why Sadya is the most balanced meal, full of nutritional value – more lifestyle |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=25 August 2018 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/onam-2018-here-s-why-sadya-is-the-most-balanced-meal-full-of-nutritional-value/story-2gwLfWrIj9L3VSnBVFxUfK.html |access-date=20 September 2018 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234525/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/onam-2018-here-s-why-sadya-is-the-most-balanced-meal-full-of-nutritional-value/story-2gwLfWrIj9L3VSnBVFxUfK.html |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234525/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/onam-2018-here-s-why-sadya-is-the-most-balanced-meal-full-of-nutritional-value/story-2gwLfWrIj9L3VSnBVFxUfK.html |date=20 September 2018 }}</ref> साथै जन्मदिन, विवाह तथा अन्य विशेष अवसरहरूमा पनि यसलाई परोस्ने चलन छ। ==व्युत्पत्ति== मलयालम शब्द ''सद्य''(സദ്യ) [[संस्कृत]] शब्द सग्धि बाट व्युत्पन्न भएको हो, जसले सामूहिक भोजलाई जनाउँछ।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-09 |title=How Onasadya traditions differ across Kerala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/Onam-on-a-leaf/article14630774.ece |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ==अवलोकन== [[File:Valla Sadya.JPG|thumb|left|वल्ला सद्य]] एक सामान्य सद्यमा एकै पटकको भोजनका रूपमा करिब २४–२८ परिकार परोसिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Onam 2020: 26 dishes in the Onam Sadhya feast, what they’re called |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/happy-onam-2020-26-dishes-in-the-onam-sadhya-feast-what-they-re-called/story-Ox35zUre2YkHzMjzOcSHTN.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref> केही अवस्थामा, जब यो अझ ठूलो हुन्छ, अरनमुला वल्लमकली (वल्ला सद्य) का लागि तयार गरिने सद्यमा ६४ भन्दा बढी परिकार पनि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref name="NDTV Food 2017"/> परम्परागत सद्य भोजनका क्रममा मानिसहरू भुइँमा बिछ्याइएका चकटीमा पलेटी मारेर बस्छन्।<ref name="Vasu Kumar 2017">{{cite book | last1=Vasu | first1=S.S.L. | last2=Kumar | first2=R. | title=Morning Glory Blossoms | publisher=Partridge Publishing Singapore | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-5437-4244-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8aJEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT21 | access-date=20 September 2018 | page=21}}</ref> भोजन चम्चा वा अन्य कटलरी प्रयोग नगरी दाहिने हातले खाने गरिन्छ।<ref name="Vasu Kumar 2017"/> खाना टिप्नका लागि औँलाहरूलाई [[डाडु]] जस्तो आकारमा मोडिन्छ।<ref name="Vasu Kumar 2017"/> मुख्य परिकार साधारण उमालेको [[भात]] हो, जसलाई [[दाल|परिप्पु]], साम्बार, रसम, पुलिस्सेरी लगायतका करी/''कूट्टान्'' (കൂട്ടാന്‍) सँग परोसिन्छ। अन्य परिकारहरूमा कालान, अभियल, थोरन, ओलन, [[चटनी|पचडी]], किचडी, कूट्टुकारी, एरिस्सेरी, [[आँपको अचार]], इन्जिपुली, मेझुक्कुपुरट्टी, कागतीको अचार, साथै [[पापड]], प्लान्टेन चिप्स, शर्करा उप्पेरी, [[केरा]], सादा [[दही]] र [[मही]] समावेश हुन्छन्।<ref name="NDTV Food 2017">{{cite web | title=Happy Vishu 2017: Vishu Sadhya, Kerala's Grand New Year Feast | publisher=[[NDTV]] Food | date=13 April 2017 | url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/happy-vishu-2017-vishu-sadhya-keralas-grand-new-year-feast-1680747 | access-date=20 September 2018 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234420/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/happy-vishu-2017-vishu-sadhya-keralas-grand-new-year-feast-1680747 |date=20 September 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Rai">{{cite book | last=Rai | first=J. | title=Curry Cookbook – Keralan Cuisine – Jay Rai's Indian Kitchen: करी व्यंजनों | publisher=Springwood media | isbn=978-1-4761-2308-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zDWhOU-I04C&pg=PT4 | access-date=20 September 2018 | page=pt4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Brien | first=C.O. | title=The Penguin Food Guide to India | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2013 | isbn=978-93-5118-575-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT422 | access-date=20 September 2018 | page=pt422}}</ref><ref name="Punit 2015">{{cite web |last=Punit |first=27 lip-smacking, vegetarian dishes to try during Kerala’s grandest feast |date=28 August 2015 |title=Quartz India |url=https://qz.com/india/489554/27-lip-smacking-vegetarian-dishes-to-try-during-keralas-grandest-feast/ |access-date=20 September 2018 |website=Quartz India}}</ref> मही सामान्यतया भोजनको अन्त्यतिर परोसिन्छ।<ref name="NDTV Food 2017"/> भोजनको अन्त्यमा परोसिने परम्परागत मिठाई [[खिर|पायसम]]का धेरै प्रकार हुन्छन्,<ref name="NDTV Food 2017"/> र प्रायः तीन वा सोभन्दा बढी प्रकारका पायसम परोसिने गरिन्छ। यसका केही प्रकारहरूमा पालाडा प्रदामन, अडा प्रदामन, परिप्पु प्रदामन, चक्का प्रदामन, गोथम्पु पायसम, पाल पायसम आदि पर्छन्। सबै विभिन्न करीहरू फरक–फरक तरकारीबाट बनाइन्छन् र प्रत्येकको आफ्नै विशिष्ट स्वाद हुन्छ। करीहरूको यो विविधताले समृद्धि र कल्याणको प्रतीकात्मक प्रतिनिधित्व गर्छ। [[File:Onam Sadya (15164960372).jpg|thumb|[[ओणम]]का अवसरमा परोसिएको सद्य]] परिकारहरू केराको पातका विभिन्न स्थानमा परोसिन्छन्।<ref name="Kannampilly 2003"/> उदाहरणका लागि, अचार केराको पातको माथिल्लो बायाँ कुनामा र केरा तल्लो बायाँ कुनामा राखिन्छ। यसले भोजन परोस्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई थप परिकार दिनुपर्ने कि नपर्ने भन्ने कुरा सजिलै पहिचान गरी सेवा गर्न मद्दत गर्छ। प्रायः सबै परिकारहरूमा नरिवल प्रमुख सामग्रीका रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छ, किनकि केरलमा यसको प्रशस्त उपलब्धता छ। केही परिकारमा नरिवलको दूध प्रयोग गरिन्छ भने नरिवलको तेल तारेर पकाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सद्यको परिकार सूचीमा स्थानीय परम्परा र सामग्रीको उपलब्धताका आधारमा क्षेत्रअनुसार भिन्नता पाइन्छ। परम्पराअनुसार केरल वा भारतको दक्षिणपश्चिमी तटमा पाइने स्थानीय तथा मौसमी तरकारीहरू प्रयोग गर्ने चलन भए पनि, अहिले परिकारहरूमा गाजर, भुइँकटहर र सिमीजस्ता तरकारीहरू समावेश गर्नु पनि सामान्य अभ्यास बनेको छ। परम्परागत रूपमा सद्यका परिकारहरूमा प्याज वा लसुन प्रयोग गरिँदैन। भोजनपछि प्रायः ''भेट्टिला मुरुक्कान्''—चुन र सुपारीसँग तयार गरिएको [[पान]]—चपाउने चलन छ।<ref name="India.com 2017">{{cite web | title=Onam Sadya Items That Make the Traditional Recipe of Kerala Festival a Hit | website=India.com | date=3 September 2017 | url=http://www.india.com/festivals-events/onam-sadhya-items-that-make-the-traditional-recipe-of-kerala-festival-a-hit-2445898/ | access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref> यसले भोजन पचाउन मद्दत गर्नुका साथै मुखको स्वाद पनि ताजा बनाउँछ।<ref name="India.com 2017"/> ==तयारी== [[File:Kichadi Sadhya.jpg|thumb|left|[[चटनी|पचडी]] कहिलेकाहीँ सद्यमा परोसिन्छ।]] सद्य सामान्यतया दिउँसोको भोजनका रूपमा परोसिन्छ,<ref>{{cite book | last=Basu | first=M. | title=Masala: Indian Cooking for Modern Living | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-4088-8687-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WDNWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT268 | access-date=20 September 2018 | page=pt268}}</ref> यद्यपि यसको हल्का संस्करण रातिको भोजनका रूपमा पनि परोसिन्छ। तयारी अघिल्लो रातिबाटै सुरु हुन्छ, र उत्सवको दिन बिहान दस बज्नुअघि नै सबै परिकारहरू तयार गरिसकिन्छन्। आजकल मानिसहरूलाई भुइँमा बसेर भोजन गर्न असुविधा हुने भएकाले सद्य प्रायः टेबलमा परोसिन्छ। सद्यका लागि आवश्यक परिकार तथा सामग्रीको व्यवस्था गुणस्तर सुनिश्चित गर्न निकै सावधानीपूर्वक र विस्तृत रूपमा गरिन्छ। सद्य तयार गर्न आगो बाल्नुअघि अग्निदेवको पूजा गरिन्छ। त्यसपछि पहिलो परिकार प्रज्वलित निलविलक्कु (परम्परागत धातुको दीप) अगाडि केराको पातमा [[गणेश|गणपति]]लाई अर्पणका रूपमा चढाइन्छ। सद्यमा भोजन केराको पातमा परोसिन्छ।<ref name="NDTV Food 2017"/> भोजन समाप्त भएपछि केराको पात मोडेर बन्द गरिन्छ।<ref name="The Hans India 2016">{{cite web | title=The festive feast | website=The Hans India | date=11 September 2016 | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2016-09-11/The-festive-feast/253227 | access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref> केही परम्पराअनुसार भोजनपछि केराको पात आफूतर्फ मोड्नुले भोजनप्रति सन्तुष्टि जनाउँछ भने आफूबाट विपरीत दिशातर्फ मोड्नुले भोजनमा अझ सुधार गर्न सकिने सङ्केत दिन्छ।<ref name="The Hans India 2016"/> यद्यपि केराको पात कुन दिशातर्फ मोडिन्छ भन्ने कुराको अर्थ केरलका विभिन्न क्षेत्रअनुसार फरक–फरक हुन सक्छ।<ref>{{cite web | last=Pillai | first=Pooja | title=God's Own Platter | website=The Indian Express | date=14 September 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/gods-kerala-onam-meal-food-feast-own-platter-3029921/ | access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref> मध्य त्रावणकोर शैलीको सद्य सबैभन्दा अनुशासित र परम्पराप्रति बढी प्रतिबद्ध मानिन्छ।<ref name="Hindu2016b">{{cite web|author=N. Satyendran |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/onam-on-a-leaf/article9092190.ece |title=Onam on a leaf |work=The Hindu |date=2010-08-10 |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref> परिकारहरू परोस्ने एउटा निश्चित क्रम हुन्छ, जसमा सामान्यतया सबैभन्दा पहिले चिप्स र अचार परोसिन्छ।<ref name="Kannampilly 2003" /><ref name="Punit 2015" /> यद्यपि केरलका विभिन्न क्षेत्रहरूमा स्थानीय रुचि र परम्पराअनुसार परिकार तयार गर्ने तथा परोस्ने शैली र विधि फरक–फरक अपनाइन्छ। अरनमुला वल्ला सद्य सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध सद्य हो, जसमा परम्परागत रूपमा ६४ भन्दा बढी परिकार परोसिन्छन्।<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2015 |title=Sing out loud for a 64-dish sadya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Sing-out-loud-for-a-64-dish-sadya/articleshow/48620396.cms |access-date=20 September 2018 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय खाना]] [[श्रेणी:केरलको खाना]] pi5xbd9v661ci0cj9888bt592f617yi 0 151029 1368049 1367887 2026-07-31T07:33:07Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = 'Bangalore Days' 2014 Malayalam Film - Poster.jpg | caption = रङ्गमञ्च प्रदर्शित पोस्टर | native_name = | director = [[अञ्जली मेनन]] | producer = [[अनवर रशीद]]<br />सोफिया पाउल | writer = अञ्जली मेनन | starring = <!-- Please note, the cast order in per the film's closing credits. --> {{plainlist| *[[नजरिया नाजिम]] *[[निविन पौली]] *[[दुलकर सलमान]] *[[फहाद फासिल]] *[[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] *[[ईशा तलवार]] }} | narrator = [[निविन पौली]] | music = [[गोपी सुन्दर]] | cinematography = [[समीर ताहिर]] | editing = प्रवीण प्रभाकर | studio = [[अनवर रशीद इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्स]]<br />[[वीकेन्ड ब्लकबस्टर्स]] | distributor = ए & ए रिलिज थ्रु <br /> अगस्ट सिनेमा एन्ड ट्राइकलर इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्स | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|05|30|India}} | runtime = १७१ मिनेट<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Bangalore Days |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bangalore-days-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zota5nte |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref> | country = भारत | language = मलयालम | budget = {{INR|८ करोड}}<ref name=2014BO/> | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|४५ करोड}}<ref name="Prithviraj's p 5">{{Cite web|last=IBTimes|date=2015-10-21|title=Kerala box office: Prithviraj's 'Ennu Ninte Moideen' among top 5 highest grossing Malayalam movies|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-prithviraj-ennu-ninte-moideen-among-top-5-highest-grossing-malayalam-movies-651418|access-date=2021-06-16|website=[[International Business Times]]|language=en|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407102101/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-prithviraj-ennu-ninte-moideen-among-top-5-highest-grossing-malayalam-movies-651418|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2014BO/> }} '''''बेङ्गलोर डेज''''' सन् २०१४ मा प्रदर्शित भारतीय [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]]-भाषाको कमिङ-अफ-एज हास्य नाटक चलचित्र हो, जसको लेखन तथा निर्देशन अञ्जली मेननले गरेकी हुन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/funny-real-and-surprising-why-bangalore-days-rare-urban-entertainer-71067|title=Funny, real, and surprising: Why 'Bangalore Days' is a rare urban entertainer|date=4 November 2017}}</ref> यो चलचित्र अनवर रशीद इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्स र वीकेन्ड ब्लकबस्टर्सको ब्यानरमा अनवर रशीद र सोफिया पाउलद्वारा निर्मित गरिएको हो। यस चलचित्रमा [[दुलकर सलमान]], [[नजरिया नाजिम]], [[निविन पौली]], [[फहाद फासिल]], [[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] र [[ईशा तलवार]] मुख्य भूमिकामा रहेका छन्।<ref name="Movie name">{{cite web | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Anjali-Menons-movie-is-Bangalore-Days/articleshow/29295005.cms | title = Anjali Menon's movie is Bangalore days | date = 24 January 2014 | work = [[The Times of India]] | author = Radhika C Pillai | access-date = 15 March 2014 | archive-date = 6 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190906232537/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Anjali-Menons-movie-is-Bangalore-Days/articleshow/29295005.cms | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Cast">{{cite news|title=Anjali Menon's next based in Bangalore|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Anjali-Menons-next-based-in-Bangalore/articleshow/28552685.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Prathibha Joy|access-date=11 January 2014|archive-date=10 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110175552/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Anjali-Menons-next-based-in-Bangalore/articleshow/28552685.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' को कथा [[केरल]]का तीन जना कजिनको जीवन वरिपरि घुम्छ, जो [[बेङ्गलुरु]] सर्छन्। यस चलचित्रले अञ्जली मेननको पारिवारिक सम्बन्धमा आधारित चलचित्र निर्माण गर्ने प्रवृत्तिलाई निरन्तरता दिएको छ।<ref name="Movie trailer">{{cite web|title=Bangalore Days trailer: Fun, young and intriguing|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bangalore-days-trailer-fun-young-and-intriguing-news-malayalam-ofipIejehgb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508184158/http://www.sify.com/movies/bangalore-days-trailer-fun-young-and-intriguing-news-malayalam-ofipIejehgb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="director release interview">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/heart-of-the-matter/article6060806.ece|title=Heart of the matter|last=Thiruvananthapuram|date=29 May 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> चलचित्र ३० मे २०१४ मा भारतभर एकैसाथ २०५ वटा सिनेमाघरमा प्रदर्शन भएको थियो, जसले यसलाई मलयालम चलचित्रका लागि सबैभन्दा ठूला प्रदर्शनहरूमध्ये एक बनाएको थियो। चलचित्रले समीक्षक र दर्शक दुवैबाट सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया पाएको थियो र अनुमानित {{INR|४५ करोड}} कमाइ गर्दै सबैभन्दा धेरै कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक बनेको थियो।<ref name="Opening weekend">{{cite web|title=Bangalore Days Strikes Gold At Box Office|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/bangalore-days-movie-strikes-gold-at-box-office-142431.html|work=OneIndia|date=3 June 2014|access-date=3 June 2014|archive-date=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604090411/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/news/2014/bangalore-days-movie-strikes-gold-at-box-office-142431.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Movie name" /> चलचित्रले तीनवटा केरल राज्य चलचित्र पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेको थियो: उत्कृष्ट अभिनेता (पौलीका लागि), उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री (नजरियाका लागि) र उत्कृष्ट पटकथा (अञ्जली मेननका लागि)। साथै, यसले दुईवटा [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार दक्षिण]] पनि जितेको थियो: उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री (पार्वतीका लागि) र उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक (अञ्जली मेननका लागि)। यस चलचित्रलाई पछि [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] भाषामा ''बेङ्गलोर नाट्कल'' (सन् २०१६) र [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] भाषामा ''यारियाँ २'' (सन् २०२३) शीर्षकमा पुनर्निर्माण गरिएको थियो। ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' लाई न्यु–जेन सिनेमा आन्दोलनका उत्कृष्ट मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ र समयसँगै यसले कल्ट चलचित्रको प्रतिष्ठा हासिल गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite news|title=10 Malayalam films to watch before you die|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/10-malayalam-films-to-watch-before-you-die/photostory/48436103.cms|access-date=2021-06-10|website=The Times of India|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610062710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/10-malayalam-films-to-watch-before-you-die/photostory/48436103.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ==कलाकार== {{cast list| *[[दुलकर सलमान]] — अर्जुन "अजु" *[[निविन पौली]] — कृष्णन पी. पी. "कुट्टन" *[[नजरिया नाजिम]] — दिव्या प्रकाश "कुञ्जु", दासकी पत्नी *[[फहाद फासिल]] — शिवदास "शिवा" *[[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] — आरजे सारा, अजुकी प्रेमिका *[[ईशा तलवार]] — मीनाक्षी, कुट्टनकी पूर्वप्रेमिका *पेरिस लक्ष्मी — मिसेल, कुट्टनकी पत्नी *मनियानपिल्ला राजु — प्रकाश, दिव्याका पिता *प्रविणा — शोभा, दिव्याकी आमा *विजयराघवन — कुट्टनका पिता *कल्पना — वनजा, कुट्टनकी आमा *प्रताप पोथेन — फ्रान्सिस, नतासाका पिता *विनया प्रसाद — लिन्सी फ्रान्सिस, नतासाकी आमा *रेखा — साराकी आमा *सिजोय वर्गीज — प्रशिक्षक जकारिया *शिशिरा थोमस — रिया, साराकी कजिन<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/everybody-addresses-me-as-cute-cousin-actress-shishira/articleshow/36648286.cms | title=Everybody addresses me as 'cute cousin' - Actress Shishira | newspaper=The Times of India | last1=Soman | first1=Deepa | access-date=21 April 2024 | archive-date=19 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419220250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/everybody-addresses-me-as-cute-cousin-actress-shishira/articleshow/36648286.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> *साजिद याहिया — सामी, स्टर्म राइडर्जका सदस्य *विवास — दिव्याका दाजु *त्रिशूर बालन — दासका पिता *बिन्दु — दासकी आमा *मृदुला — दासकी बहिनी *टिनु थोमस कन्नुर — दासका भाइ *कृष्ण प्रसाद — कुट्टनका काका *अभिनव — राकेश, प्रतिद्वन्द्वी टोलीका सदस्य तथा अर्जुनका प्रतिद्वन्द्वी *अरविन्द के. पी. — स्वयम् *[[नित्या मेनन]] — नतासा फ्रान्सिस, दासकी दिवंगत प्रेमिका (विशेष उपस्थितिमा)। चलचित्रमा सिम्बा नामक ल्याब्राडोरले नतासाको पाल्तु कुकुरको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bangalore-days-fame-dog-simba-passes-away/articleshow/91538048.cms|title='Bangalore Days' fame dog Simba passes away|date=13 May 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> }} ==निर्माण== ===विकास=== ''मञ्जाडिकुरु'' र ''[[उस्ताद होटल]]'' को सफलतापछि अञ्जली मेननले ''एल फर लभ'' नामक आफ्नो नयाँ परियोजनाको घोषणा गरेकी थिइन् र उक्त चलचित्र अनवर रशीद तथा सोफिया पाउलले निर्माण गर्ने बताएकी थिइन्। पछि अञ्जलीले चलचित्रको शीर्षक ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' रहेको स्पष्ट पारेकी थिइन्। अञ्जलीले यस चलचित्रलाई मूलतः सरल कथा भएको चलचित्रका रूपमा वर्णन गर्दै यो हामी सबैले चिनेका मानिसहरू, सपना, सम्बन्ध, प्रेम तथा हाम्रो परिवेशले हामीलाई कसरी परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छ भन्ने विषयमा आधारित रहेको बताएकी थिइन्।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/heart-of-the-matter/article6060806.ece|title=Heart of the matter|date=29 May 2014|website=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=P. Anima|access-date=3 March 2016|last1=Anima|first1=P.}}</ref> एक प्रमुख समाचारपत्रसँगको अन्तर्वार्तामा अञ्जलीले कथाको मागअनुसार चलचित्रको अधिकांश छायाङ्कन बगैँचाहरूको सहर [[बेङ्गलुरु]]मा गरिने बताएकी थिइन्। उनले यो चलचित्र रोजगारीका लागि बेङ्गलुरु सरेका युवाहरूको समूह र सहरमा उनीहरूको जीवनमा केन्द्रित रहने पनि बताएकी थिइन्।<ref name="FilmiBeat">{{cite web | url = http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/fahad-dulquar-nivin-isha-nazriya-nithya-anjali-menon-movie-l-for-love-129302.html | title = Fahad, Dulquar, Nivin, Nazriya, Isha's Movie Titled L For Love | publisher = FilmiBeat | author = Gayathry | date = 10 January 2014 | access-date = 10 January 2014 }}</ref> यो चलचित्र अञ्जली र अनवर रशीदबीच उनीहरूले आफ्ना अघिल्ला चलचित्रहरूमा सँगै काम गर्दा विकसित भएको मित्रताको अर्को परिणाम थियो। मेननले यस चलचित्रमा मलयालम चलचित्र उद्योगका नयाँ पुस्ताका अभिनेता तथा अभिनेत्रीहरू निविन पौली, दुलकर सलमान, नजरिया नाजिम र फहाद फासिलको अभिनय रहेको घोषणा गरेकी थिइन्। रफीक अहमद, सन्तोष वर्मा र एना क्याथरिना वलायिलले गीतका शब्द लेखेका थिए भने गोपी सुन्दरले चलचित्रको सङ्गीत रचना गरेका थिए। चलचित्रको छायाङ्कन समीर ताहिरले गरेका थिए भने सम्पादन प्रवीण प्रभाकरले गरेका थिए। चलचित्रको पहिलो झलक ट्रेलर ७ मे २०१४ मा अनलाइन सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो, त्यसपछि १२ मेमा उपशीर्षकसहितको संस्करण सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Movie trailer"/> अञ्जलीले तीन जना कजिनको भूमिकाका लागि नजरिया, दुलकर र निविन उपयुक्त हुने ठानेर उनीहरूलाई चयन गरेकी थिइन्। त्यसपछि फहादलाई उनको भूमिकाका लागि चयन गरिएको थियो। सहायक भूमिकाका लागि मनियानपिल्ला राजु, प्रविणा, विजयराघवन, कल्पना र विवासलाई अनुबन्धित गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":1"/> === छायाङ्कन === ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' को छायाङ्कन डिसेम्बर २०१३ मा सुरु भएको थियो। छायाङ्कन मार्च २०१४ मा सम्पन्न भएको थियो र ७० दिनमा यसको सुटिङ पूरा भएको थियो। चलचित्रको छायाङ्कन बेङ्गलुरु र [[कोच्चि]]मा गरिएको थियो। यसको निर्माण बजेट {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} रहेको थियो।<ref name="Movie budget">{{cite web | url = http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/preview/436034/ | title = With new stars "Bangalore Days" | date = 11 March 2014 | work = [[Mathrubhumi]] | access-date = 15 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140311024407/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/preview/436034/ | archive-date = 11 March 2014 | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311024407/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/preview/436034/ |date=11 March 2014 }}</ref> ==प्रदर्शन== चलचित्र सुरुमा ९ मे २०१४ मा प्रदर्शन गर्ने तालिका तय गरिएको थियो, तर निर्माणमा भएको ढिलाइका कारण यसको प्रदर्शन मिति सारिएको थियो।<ref name="Release date">{{cite web|title=Release reshuffle in May!|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/release-reshuffle-in-may-news-malayalam-ofimlVeecig.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224028/http://www.sify.com/movies/release-reshuffle-in-may-news-malayalam-ofimlVeecig.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> चलचित्र ३० मे २०१४ मा भारतभर एकैसाथ २०५ सिनेमाघरमा प्रदर्शन भएको थियो, जसले यसलाई मलयालम चलचित्रका लागि सबैभन्दा ठूला प्रदर्शनहरूमध्ये एक बनाएको थियो।<ref name="Opening weekend"/> प्रदर्शनका समयमा ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' सबैभन्दा धेरै पर्दामा उपशीर्षकसहित प्रदर्शन हुने मलयालम चलचित्र बनेको थियो। यो चलचित्र भारतभर २०० भन्दा बढी सिनेमाघरमा अङ्ग्रेजी उपशीर्षकसहित प्रदर्शन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="BB">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Bangalore-Days-with-English-subtitles-from-Friday/articleshow/36106292.cms|title=Bangalore Days with English subtitles from Friday|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="ibtimes.co.in">{{cite web|title='Bangalore Days' Box Office: Will Anjali Menon Directorial Beat 'Drishyam' Collections?|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-box-office-will-anjali-menon-directorial-beat-drishyam-collections-601964|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=10 June 2014}}</ref> चलचित्र ३ जुलाई २०१४ मा [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]]मा पनि प्रदर्शन भएको थियो।<ref name="IBTimes">{{cite web|title='Bangalore Days' Releasing in UAE on 3 July|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|date=26 June 2014|website=International Business Times|access-date=10 July 2014|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111075320/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|url-status=live}}</ref> ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' भारतमा ए & ए रिलिज थ्रु अगस्ट सिनेमाद्वारा वितरण गरिएको थियो। [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]मा स्टार मुभी, [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]]मा इन्डियन मुभिज तथा [[अस्ट्रेलिया]], [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]], [[मलेसिया]], [[सिङ्गापुर]] र [[जापान]]मा ट्राइकलर इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्सले चलचित्र वितरण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|title=Bangalore Days' Releasing in UAE on 3 July|date=10 June 2014|website=[[International Business Times]]|publisher=Nicy V.P|access-date=3 March 2016|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111075320/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रतिक्रिया== ===समीक्षात्मक प्रतिक्रिया=== चलचित्रले समीक्षकहरूबाट सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त गरेको थियो। यसको निर्देशन, कलाकारहरूको अभिनय, सङ्गीत तथा छायाङ्कनको विशेष प्रशंसा गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Reviews">{{cite web|title='Bangalore Days' Review Roundup: Fun-Filled Entertainer; Worth Watching|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-review-roundup-fun-filled-entertainer-worth-watching-601395|date=1 June 2014|website=International Business Times|access-date=3 June 2014|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030054/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-review-roundup-fun-filled-entertainer-worth-watching-601395|url-status=live}}</ref> ===बक्स अफिस=== चलचित्रले प्रदर्शनको पहिलो सातामा {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} कमाइ गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-bangalore-days-grosses-8-5-crore-first-week-601734|title=Box Office Collection: 'Bangalore Days' Grosses rs 8.5 crore in First Week|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=6 June 2014|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030128/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-bangalore-days-grosses-8-5-crore-first-week-601734|url-status=live}}</ref> संयुक्त अधिराज्यको बक्स अफिसमा यसले एक महिनाभित्र £१००,६७० (₹१.०३ करोड) कमाइ गरेको थियो,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-box-office-collection-anjali-menons-film-crosses-1-crore-mark-uk-604453|title=Bangalore Days' Box Office Collection: Anjali Menon's Film Crosses ₹1 Crore Mark in UK|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=15 July 2014|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030113/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-box-office-collection-anjali-menons-film-crosses-1-crore-mark-uk-604453|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/can-tamil-version-bangalore-days-recreate-magic-38416?amp|title=Can the Tamil version of Bangalore Days recreate the magic?|website=[[The News Minute]]|date=1 February 2016|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190057/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/can-tamil-version-bangalore-days-recreate-magic-38416?amp|url-status=live}}</ref> भने प्रदर्शनको अन्त्यसम्ममा त्यहाँबाट कुल $१८०,२१७ (₹१.३४ करोड) कमाइ गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3379974661/|title=Bangalore Days|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> चलचित्रले विश्वभरबाट करिब ₹४८–५० करोडको कुल कमाइ गरेको थियो, जसले यसलाई त्यस वर्षको सर्वाधिक कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्र तथा सबैभन्दा धेरै कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक बनाएको थियो।<ref name="Prithviraj's p 5"/><ref name="thenewsminute.com"/><ref name=2014BO>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dulquer-salmaan-how-mammootty-s-son-became-face-of-the-cosmopolitan-malayali/story-x82yr306cKQpuZjGv1TSJP.html|title=Dulquer Salmaan: How Mammootty's son became face of the cosmopolitan Malayali|author=Pratibha Parameshwaran|date=25 February 2017|access-date=28 February 2017|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030056/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dulquer-salmaan-how-mammootty-s-son-became-face-of-the-cosmopolitan-malayali/story-x82yr306cKQpuZjGv1TSJP.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=RemakeBM>{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-Hyderabad-days-yet/articleshow/45781766.cms|title=No Hyderabad days yet|date=6 January 2015|access-date=12 January 2015|newspaper=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|author=S. S. Kamal|archive-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806110455/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-Hyderabad-days-yet/articleshow/45781766.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> चलचित्र चेन्नईका चार केन्द्रमा १०० दिनसम्म तथा हैदराबादमा दुई महिनासम्म प्रदर्शन भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/7-actors-who-are-well-known-across-all-film-industries/Prabhas/photostory/55245666.cms|title=7 actors who are well known across all film industries|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/malayalam-film-premam-completes-100-days-in-theaters-on-september-5.html|title=Malayalam film Premam completes 100 days in theatres on September 5|date=6 September 2015|website=Behindwoods|access-date=10 September 2020|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030056/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/malayalam-film-premam-completes-100-days-in-theaters-on-september-5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-hit-by-a-Malayalam-wave/articleshow/40512632.cms|title=Tollywood hit by a Malayalam wave|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 August 2014|access-date=9 June 2016|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-hit-by-a-Malayalam-wave/articleshow/40512632.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ==पुरस्कार तथा मनोनयन== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! पुरस्कार ! समारोहको मिति{{efn|सम्भव भएसम्म मितिलाई सम्बन्धित वर्षको पुरस्कारसम्बन्धी लेखसँग जोडिएको छ।}} ! विधा ! प्राप्तकर्ता ! परिणाम ! सन्दर्भ |- ! rowspan="8"| एसियानेट चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="8"| ११ जनवरी २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट लोकप्रिय चलचित्र | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' | {{won}} | rowspan="8"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/17th-asianet-film-awards-mammootty-manju-warrier-win-best-actor-awards-photoswinners-list-620099|title=17th Asianet Film Awards|website=International Business Times|date=12 January 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=28 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728154911/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/17th-asianet-film-awards-mammootty-manju-warrier-win-best-actor-awards-photoswinners-list-620099|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक | [[अञ्जली मेनन]] | {{won}} |- | स्टार अफ द इयर | [[दुलकर सलमान]] | {{won}} |- | पर्फर्मर अफ द इयर | [[फहाद फासिल]] | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री | [[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट गीतकार | रफीक अहमद ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट पुरुष पार्श्वगायक | हरिचरण ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{won}} |- ! rowspan="7"| एसियाभिजन पुरस्कार | rowspan="7"| १४ नोभेम्बर २०१४ | उत्कृष्ट मनोरञ्जनात्मक चलचित्र | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' (अञ्जली मेनन) | {{won}} | rowspan="7"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-awards-2014-aishwarya-rai-dhanush-kajol-mammootty-manju-warrier-be-honoured-612940|title=Asiavision Awards 2014|website=International Business Times|date=3 November 2014|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411053157/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-awards-2014-aishwarya-rai-dhanush-kajol-mammootty-manju-warrier-be-honoured-612940|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | पर्फर्मर अफ द इयर – पुरुष | दुलकर सलमान | {{won}} |- | स्टार अफ द इयर – पुरुष | [[निविन पौली]] | {{won}} |- | स्टार अफ द इयर – महिला | [[नजरिया नाजिम]] | {{won}} |- | अभिनयमा नयाँ सनसनी | पार्वती तिरुवोथु | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट छायाङ्कन | समीर ताहिर | {{won}} |- ! rowspan="7"| [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार दक्षिण]] | rowspan="7"| २६ जुन २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट चलचित्र – मलयालम | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="7"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/62nd-filmfare-awards-south-2015-dulquer-salmaan-nivin-pauly-mammootty-biju-menon-suresh-gopi-634657|title=62nd Filmfare Awards South 2015|website=International Business Times|date=4 June 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221160708/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/62nd-filmfare-awards-south-2015-dulquer-salmaan-nivin-pauly-mammootty-biju-menon-suresh-gopi-634657|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html|title=Winners of 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards South|website=Filmfare|date=27 June 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506152856/https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक – मलयालम | अञ्जली मेनन | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेता – मलयालम | फहाद फासिल | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री – मलयालम | पार्वती तिरुवोथु | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक – मलयालम | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2"| उत्कृष्ट पुरुष पार्श्वगायक – मलयालम | हरिचरण ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{won}} |- | विजय येसुदास र सचिन वारियर ("थुडक्कम मङ्गल्यम") | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="3"| केरल राज्य चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="3"| १० अगस्ट २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट अभिनेता | निविन पौली | {{won}} | rowspan="3"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-awards-2014-announced-nivin-pauly-nazriya-nazim-bangalore-days-emerge-victorious-642318|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2014|website=International Business Times|date=10 August 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411173800/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-awards-2014-announced-nivin-pauly-nazriya-nazim-bangalore-days-emerge-victorious-642318|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री | नजरिया नाजिम | {{won}}{{efn|नजरियाले यो पुरस्कार ''ओम शान्ति ओशाना'' का लागि पनि जितेकी थिइन्।}} |- | उत्कृष्ट मौलिक पटकथा | अञ्जली मेनन | {{won}} |- ! rowspan="9"| दक्षिण भारतीय अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="9"| ६–७ अगस्ट २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट चलचित्र मलयालम | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' | {{won}} | rowspan="9"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2015-malayalam-nominations-mammootty-fahadh-faasil-nivin-pauly-prithviraj-dulquer-636069|title=SIIMA 2015 Malayalam Nominations|website=International Business Times|date=16 June 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411173805/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2015-malayalam-nominations-mammootty-fahadh-faasil-nivin-pauly-prithviraj-dulquer-636069|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://siima.in/2015/winners.html|title=SIIMA 2015 Malayalam Winners|website=South Indian International Movie Awards|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517085848/http://siima.in/2015/winners.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट नवोदित निर्माता – मलयालम | अनवर रशीद र सोफिया पाउल | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक – मलयालम | अञ्जली मेनन | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट छायाङ्कन – मलयालम | समीर ताहिर | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री – मलयालम | पार्वती तिरुवोथु | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक – मलयालम | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट गीतकार – मलयालम | रफीक अहमद ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट पुरुष पार्श्वगायक – मलयालम | हरिचरण ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट नृत्य निर्देशन – मलयालम | बृन्दा ("थुडक्कम मङ्गल्यम") | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="2"| वनिता चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="2"| १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१५ | सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय अभिनेत्री | नजरिया नाजिम | {{won}} | rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vanithasarah-film-awards-1983-mammootty-manju-warrier-emerge-victorious-winners-list-623226|title=Vanitha–Cera Film Awards|website=International Business Times|date=12 February 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412083926/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vanithasarah-film-awards-1983-mammootty-manju-warrier-emerge-victorious-winners-list-623226|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | वर्षको लोकप्रिय गीत | "मङ्गल्यम थन्थुनानेना" | {{won}} |} ==पुनर्निर्माण== चलचित्रलाई तमिल भाषामा ''बेङ्गलोर नाट्कल'' (सन् २०१६)<ref name="Remake - Tamil, Telugu and Hindi">{{cite news|title=Bangalore Days to be remade in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Bangalore-Days-to-be-remade-in-Tamil-Telugu-and-Hindi/articleshow/37506419.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=30 June 2014|access-date=10 July 2014|archive-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701125640/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Bangalore-Days-to-be-remade-in-Tamil-Telugu-and-Hindi/articleshow/37506419.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-new-teaser-of-the-tamil-remake-of-bangalore-days-2163887|title=Watch: New teaser of the Tamil remake of 'Bangalore Days'|date=9 January 2016|work=dna|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030640/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-new-teaser-of-the-tamil-remake-of-bangalore-days-2163887|url-status=live}}</ref> र हिन्दी भाषामा ''यारियाँ २'' (सन् २०२३) शीर्षकमा पुनर्निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=T-Series announces Yaariyan 2, locks release date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/t-series-announces-yaariyan-2-locks-release-date-8204834/|date=17 October 2022|accessdate=25 April 2023|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024091908/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/t-series-announces-yaariyan-2-locks-release-date-8204834/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Yaariyan 2 Teaser OUT: Divya Khosla Kumar, Pearl V Puri, Meezaan Jafri starrer depict crazy cousin chemistry|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yaariyan-2-teaser-out-divya-khosla-kumar-pearl-v-puri-meezaan-jafri-starrer-depict-crazy-cousin-chemistry-1235135%3famp|accessdate=10 August 2023|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181825/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yaariyan-2-teaser-out-divya-khosla-kumar-pearl-v-puri-meezaan-jafri-starrer-depict-crazy-cousin-chemistry-1235135?amp|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181825/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yaariyan-2-teaser-out-divya-khosla-kumar-pearl-v-puri-meezaan-jafri-starrer-depict-crazy-cousin-chemistry-1235135?amp |date=26 September 2023 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! भूमिका ! मलयालम (मूल) ! तमिल (पुनर्निर्माण) ! हिन्दी (पुनर्निर्माण) |- | कुट्टन | [[निविन पौली]] | [[बबी सिम्हा]] | [[पर्ल वी पूरी]] |- | अजु | [[दुलकर सलमान]] | [[आर्य (अभिनेता)|आर्या]] | [[मिजान जाफरी]] |- | दिव्या | [[नजरिया नाजिम]] | [[श्री दिव्या]] | [[दिव्या खोसला कुमार]] |- | दास | [[फहाद फासिल]] | [[राणा दग्गुबाती]] | [[यश दासगुप्ता]] |- | अजुकी प्रेमिका | colspan="2" | [[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] | [[अनस्वरा राजन]] |- | कुट्टनकी प्रेमिका | [[ईशा तलवार]] | [[राय लक्ष्मी]] | [[वरिना हुसैन]] |- | कुट्टनकी पत्नी | colspan="2" | [[पेरिस लक्ष्मी]] | [[प्रिया प्रकाश वरियर]] |} ==विरासत== [[नजरिया नाजिम]]द्वारा अभिनीत दिव्यालाई मलयालम चलचित्रका सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली महिला पात्रहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/readers-articles/bangalore-days-nazriya-nazim-divya-realistic-empowerment-makes-her-one-of-my-favourite-women-in-film-malayalam-movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329133532/https://www.filmcompanion.in/amp/story/readers-articles/bangalore-days-nazriya-nazim-divya-realistic-empowerment-makes-her-one-of-my-favourite-women-in-film-malayalam-movies |url-status=live |title=Divya's realistic empowerment in Bangalore Days makes her the film's favourite women |first=Parvati |last=Mohan |accessdate=23 October 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2022 |website=Film Companion|date=12 March 2021 }}</ref> ''द हिन्दू'' र ''मातृभूमि'' जस्ता प्रकाशनहरूले यसलाई दशकका उत्कृष्ट मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एकको रूपमा उल्लेख गरेका छन्।<ref>{{cite news | last=Nagarajan | first=Saraswathy | title=The 25 best Malayalam films of the decade: 'Premam', 'Maheshinte Prathikaram', 'Kumbalangi Nights' and more | newspaper=The Hindu | date=19 December 2019 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-25-best-malayalam-films-of-the-decade-premam-maheshinte-prathikaram-kumbalangi-nights-and-more/article30349548.ece | access-date=1 April 2020 | archive-date=10 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110115120/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-25-best-malayalam-films-of-the-decade-premam-maheshinte-prathikaram-kumbalangi-nights-and-more/article30349548.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=K. | first=Ranjana | title=ഈ ദശാബ്ദത്തിലെ മികച്ച സിനിമകള്‍ ഏതൊക്കെ? | trans-title=Which are the Best Films of This Decade? | website=Mathrubhumi | url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/best-and-commercially-acclaimed-malayalam-films-in-this-decade-1.4399874 | language=ml | date=30 December 2019 | access-date=1 April 2020 | archive-date=13 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113204753/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/best-and-commercially-acclaimed-malayalam-films-in-this-decade-1.4399874 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==टिप्पणी== {{notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{IMDb title|3668162}} [[श्रेणी:सन् २०१४ का चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मलयालम भाषाका चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय प्रेमप्रसङ्गयुक्त हास्य चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय प्रेमप्रसङ्गयुक्त नाटक चलचित्रहरू]] 1i147bzyu0n1taib3u0d2zvl4dk0hc4 0 151041 1368028 1367939 2026-07-31T06:12:39Z Saroj 31493 विस्तार गरियो 1368028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = मार्को | image = Marco Malayalam film.jpg | caption = रङ्गमञ्च प्रदर्शित पोस्टर | producer = शरीफ मुहम्मद | director = [[हनीफ अदेनी]] | writer = हनीफ अदेनी | starring = [[उन्नी मुकुन्दन]]<br />सिद्दिक<br />जगदीश<br />कबीर दुहान सिंह<br />अभिमन्यु शम्मी थिलकन | music = [[रवि बसरुर]] | cinematography = [[चन्द्रु सेल्वराज]] | editing = [[शमीर मुहम्मद]] | studio = क्युब्स इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट्स | distributor = क्युब्स इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट्स | released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|12|20}} | runtime = १४५ मिनेट<ref>{{cite web |access-date=16 December 2024 |title=Marco: Unni Mukundan's film to skip the trailer release; Plot and runtime revealed |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-unni-mukundans-film-to-skip-the-trailer-release-plot-and-runtime-revealed/652b42559c758 |work=ottplay.com}}</ref> | country = भारत | language = मलयालम | budget = {{INR|३० करोड}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprimetime.in/marco-is-set-to-feature-unni-mukundan-in-the-lead-role-with-a-budget-of-15-crores/amp/ |title=Marco Is Set To Feature Unni Mukundan In Lead Role With a Budget of 30 Crores |date=2 October 2023 |work=[[Asianet News]]}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/unni-mukundan-starring-marco-announced-first-look-motion-poster-haneef-adeni-mikhael-movie-nivin-pauly-nsn-s1w0a5 |title=ആ വില്ലന്‍ ഇനി നായകന്‍! 30 കോടി ബജറ്റില്‍ ഉണ്ണി മുകുന്ദന്‍റെ മാര്‍കോ വരുന്നു |date=2 October 2023 |work=[[Asianet News]] |access-date=19 June 2024 |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619174029/https://www.asianetnews.com/amp/entertainment-news/unni-mukundan-starring-marco-announced-first-look-motion-poster-haneef-adeni-mikhael-movie-nivin-pauly-nsn-s1w0a5 |url-status=live}}</ref> | gross ={{INR}}१०० करोड<ref>{{cite news |last=Entertainment Desk |first=IE |date=January 5, 2025 |title=Marco zooms past Rs 100 crore mark; becomes sixth Malayalam film to hit milestone in 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/marco-zooms-past-rs-100-crore-mark-becomes-sixth-malayalam-film-to-hit-milestone-in-2024-9761219/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> }} '''''मार्को''''' सन् २०२४ को भारतीय [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]] भाषाको एक्सन थ्रिलर चलचित्र हो, जसको लेखन तथा निर्देशन हनीफ अदेनीले गरेका छन्। यो चलचित्र शरीफ मुहम्मदले आफ्नो क्युब्स इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट्स ब्यानरअन्तर्गत निर्माण गरेका हुन्। यो ''मिकाएल एक्सटेन्डेड युनिभर्स'' को दोस्रो किस्ता हो, जुन ''मिकाएल'' (२०१९) पछिको चलचित्र हो।{{Efn|यो ''मिकाएल'' को स्वतन्त्र स्पिन-अफ चलचित्र पनि हो।}} चलचित्रमा [[उन्नी मुकुन्दन]]ले शीर्षक भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका छन् भने अन्य कलाकारहरूमा सिद्दिक, जगदीश, कबीर दुहान सिंह, अभिमन्यु शम्मी थिलकन, एन्सन पल, इशान शौकत र युक्ति थारेजा रहेका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/unni-mukundan-starring-marco-announced-first-look-motion-poster-haneef-adeni-mikhael-movie-nivin-pauly-nsn-s1w0a5 |title=ആ വില്ലന്‍ ഇനി നായകന്‍! 30 കോടി ബജറ്റില്‍ ഉണ്ണി മുകുന്ദന്‍റെ മാര്‍കോ വരുന്നു |date=2 October 2023 |work=[[Asianet News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/telugu/unni-mukundans-marco-to-release-in-telugu-on-1-january-2025/ |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' to release in Telugu on 1 January 2025 |website=The South First |date=27 December 2024 |access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref> यस चलचित्रलाई भारतीय चलचित्र इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा हिंसात्मक चलचित्र मानिएको छ, जसका कारण यसले उल्लेखनीय विवाद पनि सिर्जना गरेको थियो। चलचित्रको सङ्गीत रवि बसरुरले दिएका हुन् भने छायाङ्कन चन्द्रु सेल्वराज र सम्पादन शमीर मुहम्मदले गरेका हुन्। ''मार्को'' २० डिसेम्बर २०२४ मा क्रिसमसको अवसर पारेर विश्वव्यापी रूपमा प्रदर्शन भएको थियो। चलचित्रले समीक्षकहरूबाट सकारात्मक समीक्षा प्राप्त गरेको थियो र बक्स अफिसमा व्यावसायिक रूपमा सफल भएको थियो। यसले सबैभन्दा धेरै कमाइ गर्ने ए-प्रमाणित मलयालम भाषाको चलचित्रको कीर्तिमान कायम गरेको थियो तथा सर्वाधिक कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक बनेको थियो।<ref name="d">{{Cite web |title=Marco box office collection Day 1: Unni Mukundan's film beats Dulquer Salmaan's Kammatipaadam |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-box-office-collection-day-1-unni-mukundans-film-beats-dulquer-salmaans-kammatipaadam/114d244ef5963 |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Korea">{{cite news |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' follows 'Baahubali' to South Korea, expanding Malayalam cinema's reach |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/01/02/marco-movie-violence-unni-mukundan-south-korea-release.html |language=en-IN |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102123136/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/01/02/marco-movie-violence-unni-mukundan-south-korea-release.html |url-status=live}}</ref> यस चलचित्रको प्रिक्वेल विकासाधीन छ। ==निर्माण== === विकास === सन् २०२३ को अक्टोबरमा क्युब्स इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट्सले ''मार्को'' को घोषणा गरेको थियो, जसमा [[उन्नी मुकुन्दन]] शीर्षक भूमिकामा रहेका थिए भने हनीफ अदेनीले लेखक तथा निर्देशकको जिम्मेवारी सम्हालेका थिए। उन्नीले यसअघि ''मिकाएल'' (२०१९) मा मार्को नामक पात्रको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए, जहाँ उक्त पात्र मुख्य प्रतिपक्षीका रूपमा देखिएको थियो<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco: Shooting for the Unni Mukundan-starrer to begin soon |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-shooting-for-the-unni-mukundan-starrer-to-begin-soon/65b945bc9f563 |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=ottplay.com |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226112849/https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-shooting-for-the-unni-mukundan-starrer-to-begin-soon/65b945bc9f563 |url-status=live}}</ref>। चलचित्रको निर्माण शरीफ मुहम्मदले क्युब्स इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट्सको ब्यानरअन्तर्गत गरेका हुन्।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' set to go on floors in February 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-marco-set-to-go-on-floors-in-february-2024/articleshow/104362840.cms |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226194553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-marco-set-to-go-on-floors-in-february-2024/articleshow/104362840.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=16 June 2024 |title=First look poster of Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' out |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/first-look-poster-of-unni-mukundan-starrer-marco-1.9643488 |work=Mathrubhumi English |date=16 June 2024 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616095521/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/first-look-poster-of-unni-mukundan-starrer-marco-1.9643488 |url-status=live}}</ref> यस परियोजनाको निर्माण सुरुमा सन् २०२४ को फेब्रुअरीदेखि सुरु गर्ने योजना बनाइएको थियो। तर पछि छायाङ्कन अप्रिलसम्मका लागि स्थगित गरिएको थियो, त्यसपछि निर्माताहरूले मुख्य छायाङ्कन सन् २०२४ को मे महिनाको पहिलो सातादेखि सुरु हुने पुष्टि गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' to go on floors soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-marco-to-go-on-floors-soon/articleshow/107888463.cms |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226124727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-marco-to-go-on-floors-soon/articleshow/107888463.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2024 |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' to go on floors on May 3 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-marco-to-go-on-floors-on-may-3/articleshow/109688670.cms |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515064136/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundans-marco-to-go-on-floors-on-may-3/articleshow/109688670.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> सन् २०२४ को मार्चमा रवि बसरुर चलचित्रका सङ्गीतकारका रूपमा निर्माण टोलीमा आबद्ध भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=9 March 2024 |title=Ravi Basrur joins Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Mar/02/ravi-basrur-joins-unni-mukundans-marco |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303213312/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Mar/02/ravi-basrur-joins-unni-mukundans-marco |url-status=live}}</ref> प्राविधिक टोलीमा छायाङ्कन निर्देशक चन्द्रु सेल्वराज, सम्पादक शमीर मुहम्मद र एक्सन निर्देशक कलाइ किङ्सन पनि रहेका थिए। निर्माताहरूले ''मार्को'' मलयालम भाषामा प्रदर्शन गरिने तथा हिन्दी, तमिल, तेलुगु र कन्नड भाषामा डब गरिएका संस्करणहरू पनि प्रदर्शन गरिने घोषणा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |title=Makers of 'Marco' announce teaser edits for wider reach but promises no cuts for full film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/makers-of-marco-announce-teaser-edits-for-wider-reach-but-promises-no-cuts-for-full-film/articleshow/114774227.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 January 2025 |date=30 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=4 May 2024 |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' begins |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/May/04/unni-mukundans-marco-begins |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> === कलाकार छनोट तथा छायाङ्कन === यस चलचित्रबाट थिलकनका नाति तथा शम्मी थिलकनका छोरा अभिमन्युले मलयालम चलचित्रमा पदार्पण गरेका थिए।<ref name="thilakan">{{cite web |date=18 May 2024 |title=Legendary actor Thilakan's grandson to Debut in Unni Mukundan's Marco |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/legendary-malayalam-actor-thilakans-grandson-to-debut-in-unni-mukundans-marco-article-110225466 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619174024/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/legendary-malayalam-actor-thilakans-grandson-to-debut-in-unni-mukundans-marco-article-110225466 |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=19 June 2024 |publisher=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> सिद्दिक, जगदीश र कबीर दुहान सिंहलाई सहायक भूमिकामा चयन गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco – Unni Mukundan dons new look for the first villain spin-off movie in Malayalam |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-unni-mukundan-dons-new-look-for-the-first-villain-spin-off-movie-in-malayalam/6bd1d8c8b593 |access-date=20 December 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922141806/https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-unni-mukundan-dons-new-look-for-the-first-villain-spin-off-movie-in-malayalam/6bd1d8c8b593 |url-status=live}}</ref> सन् २०२४ को मेमा अभिनेत्री युक्ति थारेजा कलाकार टोलीमा आबद्ध भएकी थिइन्, जसबाट उनले मलयालम चलचित्रमा पदार्पण गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="thareja">{{cite web |date=20 May 2024 |title='Lut Gaye' Fame Actress Yukti Thareja To Join Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/yukti-thareja-to-join-unni-mukundans-marco/articleshow/110270756.cms |publisher=[[Times Now]] |access-date=19 June 2024 |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619174030/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/yukti-thareja-to-join-unni-mukundans-marco/amp_articleshow/110270756.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> यसअघि नवोदित अभिनेत्री दुर्वा ठाकर पनि यस परियोजनामा आबद्ध भइसकेकी थिइन् भने रियाज खान सन् २०२४ को जुलाईमा कलाकार टोलीमा सामेल भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco – The Unni Mukundan-starrer will have THIS Telugu actress as a female lead |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/unni-mukundan-starrer-marco-female-lead-details/a43f041dc0535 |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625012032/https://www.ottplay.com/news/unni-mukundan-starrer-marco-female-lead-details/a43f041dc0535 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 July 2024 |title=Riyaz Khan joins Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' in 'Adich Keri Vaa' style |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/riyaz-khan-joins-unni-mukundans-marco-in-adich-keri-vaa-style/articleshow/111549805.cms |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> पहिलो चरणको छायाङ्कन सन् २०२४ को मेमा मुन्नारमा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 May 2024 |title=Unni Mukundan wraps up the first schedule of 'Marco' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/unni-mukundan-wraps-up-the-first-schedule-of-marco/articleshow/110209540.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 May 2024}}</ref> दोस्रो चरणको छायाङ्कन सन् २०२४ को जुलाईसम्ममा [[कोच्चि]]मा सम्पन्न भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=17 July 2024 |title=Second schedule of Unni Mukundan's Marco wraps up |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/17/second-schedule-of-unni-mukundans-marco-wraps-up |work=Cinema Express |date=17 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 July 2024 |title=Unni Mukundan's Marco Completes Second Schedule Of Shoot |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/unni-mukundans-marco-completes-second-schedule-of-shoot-article-111822114 |work=Times Now |date=18 July 2024 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718023341/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/unni-mukundans-marco-completes-second-schedule-of-shoot-article-111822114 |url-status=live}}</ref> करिब १०० दिनको छायाङ्कनपछि २८ अगस्ट २०२४ मा मुख्य छायाङ्कन सम्पन्न भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 August 2024 |title='Marco': Makers call it a wrap; say the Unni Mukundan's actioner will 'redefine action genre' in the Malayalam film industry - WATCH video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/marco-makers-call-it-a-wrap-say-the-unni-mukundans-actioner-will-redefine-action-genre-in-the-malayalam-film-industry-watch-video/articleshow/112871668.cms |work=The Times of India |date=28 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=29 August 2024 |title=It is a wrap for Unni Mukundan's thriller, 'Marco' |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/it-is-a-wrap-for-unni-mukundans-thriller-marco/ |work=The South First |date=29 August 2024 |archive-date=30 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830112808/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/it-is-a-wrap-for-unni-mukundans-thriller-marco/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==सङ्गीत== {{Infobox album | name = मार्को | type = Soundtrack | artist = [[रवि बसरुर]] | cover = | alt = | released = २१ डिसेम्बर २०२४ | recorded = २०२३–२०२४ | venue = | studio = | genre = [[फिचर चलचित्र साउन्डट्र्याक]] | length = {{Duration|m=25|s=57}} | language = मलयालम | label = [[सोनी म्युजिक इन्डिया]] | producer = | misc = {{external music video | header = आधिकारिक अडियो | {{YouTube|bfALBpJ3c3c&pp|मार्को (जुकबक्स)}} }} }} चलचित्रको गीतसङ्गीत तथा पृष्ठसङ्गीत रवि बसरुरले तयार गरेका हुन्।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 March 2024 |title='KGF'-fame Ravi Basrur on board Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' as composer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kgf-fame-ravi-basrur-on-board-unni-mukundans-marco-as-composer/article67907048.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2 March 2024 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302104959/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kgf-fame-ravi-basrur-on-board-unni-mukundans-marco-as-composer/article67907048.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> चलचित्रको सङ्गीत अधिकार सोनी म्युजिकले प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 November 2024 |title='ചോരയൊലിക്കുന്ന തലയോട്ടിയും ഹെഡ്ഫോണും'; മാര്‍ക്കോ'യുടെ മ്യൂസിക് റൈറ്റ്‌സ് സോണി മ്യൂസിക്കിന് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/marco-movie-violent-malayalam-music-rights-sony-music-1.10054254 |work=Mathrubhumi |date=6 November 2024 |language=Malayalam |archive-date=11 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111015606/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/marco-movie-violent-malayalam-music-rights-sony-music-1.10054254 |url-status=live}}</ref> "ब्लड" शीर्षकको पहिलो एकल गीत २२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ मा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 November 2024 |title=First Single Titled Blood From Unni Mukundan's Marco Released! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/first-single-titled-blood-from-unni-mukundans-marco-released-article-115572976 |work=Times Now |date=22 November 2024 |archive-date=22 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122171049/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/first-single-titled-blood-from-unni-mukundans-marco-released-article-115572976 |url-status=live}}</ref> पहिलो संस्करणप्रति दर्शकबाट आलोचना भएपछि सन्तोष वेन्कीको स्वरमा रहेको उक्त गीतको दोस्रो संस्करण २५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ मा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=25 November 2024 |title='Marco' promo song revamped: 'KGF' singer Santhosh Venky replaces Dabzee after audience feedback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/marco-promo-song-revamped-kgf-singer-santhosh-venky-replaces-dabzee-after-audience-feedback/articleshow/115640333.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 November 2024 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126011421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/marco-promo-song-revamped-kgf-singer-santhosh-venky-replaces-dabzee-after-audience-feedback/articleshow/115640333.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> "मार्पापा" शीर्षकको दोस्रो एकल गीत २९ नोभेम्बर २०२४ मा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=29 November 2024 |title=Lyric Video Of The Banger 'Marpapa' Promo Song From Marco Released |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/lyric-video-of-the-banger-marpapa-promo-song-from-marco-released-article-115814774 |work=Times Now |date=29 November 2024 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202030924/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/lyric-video-of-the-banger-marpapa-promo-song-from-marco-released-article-115814774 |url-status=live}}</ref> चलचित्रको मूल साउन्डट्र्याक २१ डिसेम्बर २०२४ मा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो भने चलचित्रको पृष्ठसङ्गीत समेटिएको छुट्टै एल्बम २७ डिसेम्बर २०२४ मा सोनी म्युजिक इन्डियाद्वारा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc8fzvtkzWc |title=Marco OST Jukebox {{!}} Unni Mukundan {{!}} Shareef Muhammed {{!}} Haneef Adeni {{!}} Ravi Basrur |date=27 December 2024 |last=Sony Music South |access-date=2 January 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=28 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228150050/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc8fzvtkzWc |url-status=live}}</ref> === गीत सूची === {{Track listing | headline = | extra_column = गायक(हरू) | title1 = ब्लड | lyrics1 = विनायक ससिकुमार | music1 = रवि बसरुर | extra1 = डब्जी, रोहित सिद्धप्पा, सन्तोष वेन्की | length1 = ३:३१ | title2 = मार्पापा | lyrics2 = विनायक ससिकुमार | music2 = सइद अब्बास | extra2 = बेबी जीन | length2 = २:५७ | title3 = असुरन | lyrics3 = विनायक ससिकुमार | music3 = रवि बसरुर | extra3 = सन्तोष वेन्की | length3 = ३:०८ | title4 = ब्रदर | lyrics4 = विनायक ससिकुमार | music4 = रवि बसरुर | extra4 = जितिन राज | length4 = ३:३७ | title5 = फ्यामिली | lyrics5 = एनोनिमस, फिल$ | music5 = शान रहमान | extra5 = एनोनिमस, फिल$ | length5 = ४:०१ | title6 = ब्लड | note6 = संस्करण २ | lyrics6 = विनायक ससिकुमार | music6 = रवि बसरुर | extra6 = सन्तोष वेन्की, रोहित सिद्धप्पा | length6 = ३:३१ | title7 = मार्पापा | note7 = द्रुत संस्करण | lyrics7 = विनायक ससिकुमार | music7 = सइद अब्बास | extra7 = बेबी जीन | length7 = २:२४ | title8 = मार्को थिम १ | lyrics8 = वाद्य | music8 = रवि बसरुर | extra8 = सन्तोष वेन्की | length8 = १:४३ | title9 = मार्को टिजर थिम | lyrics9 = वाद्य | music9 = रवि बसरुर | extra9 = वाद्य | length9 = १:१२ | total_length = २५:५७ }} === पृष्ठसङ्गीत === {{Infobox album | name = मार्को | type = चलचित्र पृष्ठसङ्गीत | artist = रवि बसरुर | cover = | alt = | released = २७ डिसेम्बर २०२४<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 December 2024 |title=Marco (Original Background Score) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6ooCiOMZNnbH80BpqsOdEq?si=DZmKNZuLTDuGnjmbgr06Rg |publisher=Spotify}}</ref> | recorded = २०२३–२०२४ | studio = | genre = चलचित्र पृष्ठसङ्गीत | length = {{Duration|h=१|m=२४|s=५०}} | language = मलयालम | label = सोनी म्युजिक इन्डिया | producer = रवि बसरुर | prev_title = | prev_year = | next_title = | next_year = }} {{Track listing | headline = मार्को (मूल पृष्ठसङ्गीत) | title1 = द ब्लाइन्ड एन्ड द किलर | length1 = १:०८ | title2 = काब्राल ६१६ | length2 = २:५८ | title3 = टोनी केमिकल्स | length3 = १:४१ | title4 = टर्सो | length4 = १:४९ | title5 = टोनीज मेहेम | length5 = १:१९ | title6 = टोनीज इभिल वे | length6 = १:३० | title7 = डेयरडेभिल | length7 = १:०६ | title8 = फाइटिङ यार्ड | length8 = १:३३ | title9 = फाइट क्लब | length9 = ०:१७ | title10 = जर्ज डी'पिटर | length10 = ०:५७ | title11 = इन द वुड्स | length11 = ८:०१ | title12 = रसेल्स प्लान | length12 = ०:५७ | title13 = एन्ड अफ भिक्टर | length13 = ०:३७ | title14 = मार्को इन फाइट क्लब | length14 = २:०५ | title15 = रङ रङ पर्सन | length15 = १:२४ | title16 = द एपिक वाक | length16 = २:४२ | title17 = फर्स्ट फेज अफ मार्को | length17 = १:५३ | title18 = मार्कोज कटाना | length18 = १:५० | title19 = रसेल एट फ्युनरल | length19 = ०:२४ | title20 = रसेल्स र्याम्पेज | length20 = ०:५९ | title21 = द करिडोर फाइट | length21 = २:१५ | title22 = द मासेकर | length22 = ९:३९ | title23 = साइरस द बुचर | length23 = १:५९ | title24 = द चर्च इन्ट्रो | length24 = २:४१ | title25 = ट्र्याप फर टोनी | length25 = ३:११ | title26 = द गोल्ड प्लान | length26 = २:०१ | title27 = दिस इज माइ डिल | length27 = ३:२९ | title28 = द किलर | length28 = ३:०१ | title29 = द एन्ड इज हियर | length29 = ४:४१ | title30 = द स्टेयरकेस | length30 = २:४३ | title31 = देव्स ब्लड | length31 = १:०५ | title32 = फस्जिन | length32 = ०:५३ | title33 = द लास्ट राइड | length33 = ११:५५ | total_length = १:२४:५० }} === रङ्गमञ्च प्रदर्शन === ''मार्को'' २० डिसेम्बर २०२४ मा क्रिसमस सप्ताहन्तको अवसर पारेर रङ्गमञ्चमा प्रदर्शन भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/id=1326563 |title=Wow! Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' poster creates huge buzz on social media |date=16 June 2024 |publisher=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 November 2024 |title=Unni Mukundan's 'Marco' locks a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/unni-mukundans-marco-locks-a-release-date/article68863205.ece |work=The Hindu |date=13 November 2024 |archive-date=14 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114033711/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/unni-mukundans-marco-locks-a-release-date/article68863205.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> मूल [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]] भाषाका अतिरिक्त यो चलचित्र [[तेलगु भाषा|तेलुगु]], [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]], [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] र [[कन्नड भाषा|कन्नड]] भाषामा पनि प्रदर्शन भएको थियो। अत्यधिक रक्तपातपूर्ण हिंसाका कारण चलचित्रलाई केन्द्रीय चलचित्र प्रमाणीकरण बोर्डले ए प्रमाणपत्र प्रदान गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=16 December 2024 |title=Unni Mukundan's Marco clears censorship formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Dec/16/unni-mukundans-marco-clears-censorship-formalities |work=Cinema Express |date=16 December 2024 |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217194857/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Dec/16/unni-mukundans-marco-clears-censorship-formalities |url-status=live}}</ref> सोही कारणले ''मार्को'' सिङ्गापुरको आईएमडीए (IMDA) बाट R21 श्रेणीकरण प्राप्त गर्ने पहिलो भारतीय एक्सन चलचित्र तथा समग्रमा पाँचौँ भारतीय चलचित्र बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAAGcLAAD |title=MARCO (2024) |website=[[Infocomm Media Development Authority]] |archive-date=28 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628093455/https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAAGcLAAD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2024 |title=Marco Movie: 21 വയസിന് മുകളിലുള്ളവർക്ക് മാത്രം കാണാം; സിംഗപ്പൂരിൽ R21 റേറ്റിംഗ് നേടുന്ന ആദ്യ ഇന്ത്യൻ ആക്ഷൻ സിനിമയായി 'മാർക്കോ' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/marco-movie-starring-unni-mukundan-becomes-the-first-indian-action-movie-to-get-r21-rating-in-singapore-217739 |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=Zee News Malayalam |language=ml |archive-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102043527/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/marco-movie-starring-unni-mukundan-becomes-the-first-indian-action-movie-to-get-r21-rating-in-singapore-217739 |url-status=live}}</ref> चलचित्रको पहिलो प्रदर्शन ५ जुलाई २०२५ मा दक्षिण कोरियामा आयोजित बुचोन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फ्यान्टास्टिक चलचित्र महोत्सवमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bifan.kr/eng/ticket/schedule.asp?sc_date_info=2025-07-05 |title=Screening Schedule |website=[[Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival]] |archive-date=28 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628111115/https://www.bifan.kr/eng/ticket/schedule.asp?sc_date_info=2025-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jun/16/unni-mukundan-starrer-marco-to-have-korean-premiere-at-bifan |title=Unni Mukundan-starrer Marco to have Korean premiere at BIFAN |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bifan.kr/eng/program/program_view.asp?pk_seq=8070&sc_category_seq=8006&sc_num=1&actEvent=view& |title=Marco &#124; Adrenaline Ride &#124; BIFAN |website=[[Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival]] |archive-date=28 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628091751/https://www.bifan.kr/eng/program/program_view.asp?pk_seq=8070&sc_category_seq=8006&sc_num=1&actEvent=view&}}</ref> त्यसैगरी, सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ मा जर्मनीमा आयोजित फ्यान्टासी फिल्मफेस्टमा पनि यसको प्रदर्शन गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fantasyfilmfest.com/en/marco/|title=Marco|website=[[Fantasy Filmfest]]|archive-date=27 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250927080254/https://fantasyfilmfest.com/en/marco/}}</ref> === गृह माध्यम === चलचित्र १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ मा सोनीलिभ मार्फत मूल मलयालम भाषासहित तमिल, तेलुगु र कन्नड भाषामा डब गरिएका संस्करणहरूमा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=31 January 2025 |title=Marco OTT release: When and where to watch Unni Mukundan's gory thriller |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/marco-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-unni-mukundans-gory-thriller-2672929-2025-01-31 |work=India Today |date=31 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=31 January 2025 |title=Marco OTT release date confirmed! When and where to watch Unni Mukundan, Kabir Duhan Singh's violent action-thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-ott-release-date-confirmed-when-and-where-to-watch-unni-mukundan-kabir-duhan-singhs-violent-action-thriller/917af2ce5b563 |work=ottplay.com}}</ref> हिन्दीमा डब गरिएको संस्करण २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ देखि [[अमेजन प्राइम भिडियो]] मार्फत स्ट्रिमिङ हुन थालेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 February 2025 |title=Marco Hindi OTT release: When and where to watch Unni Mukundan's action thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/marco-hindi-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-unni-mukundans-action-thriller/articleshow/118605526.cms |work=The Times of India |date=27 February 2025}}</ref> सुरुमा दुवै स्ट्रिमिङ सेवामा चलचित्रको असम्पादित संस्करण सार्वजनिक गर्ने योजना बनाइएको थियो। तर सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्रालयमा उजुरी परेपछि त्यसको सट्टा रङ्गमञ्चमा प्रदर्शन गरिएको संस्करण नै ती प्लेटफर्महरूमा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 February 2025 |title=No Uncut Version For Marco's OTT Release; Makers Cite Multiple Complaints To Ministry Of Broadcasting As Reason |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/no-uncut-version-for-marcos-ott-release-makers-cite-multiple-complaints-to-ministry-of-broadcasting-as-reason-article-118218281 |work=Times Now |date=13 February 2025}}</ref> चलचित्रको फ्रान्सेली ब्लु-रे संस्करण २५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ मा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Marco-Blu-ray/390297/|title=Marco Blu-ray (France)|website=Blu-ray Forum|archive-date=10 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710151002/https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Marco-Blu-ray/390297/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spectrumfilms.fr/prochainement/187-product-3760247202663.html|title=Marco|website=Spectrum Films|archive-date=10 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710151716/https://www.spectrumfilms.fr/prochainement/187-product-3760247202663.html}}</ref> चलचित्र १५ जनवरी २०२६ मा (सुरुमा ११ डिसेम्बर २०२५ मा प्रदर्शन गर्ने योजना रहेको)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Marco-4K-Blu-ray/398361/|title=Marco 4K Blu-ray (Mediabook) (Germany)|website=Blu-ray Forum}}</ref> जर्मनीमा ४के अल्ट्रा एचडी, ब्लु-रे र डीभीडी संस्करणमा भौतिक रूपमा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो। साथै, २४ पृष्ठको पुस्तिका र हटाउन मिल्ने आवरण समावेश गरिएको सीमित तथा क्रमाङ्कित ४के अल्ट्रा एचडी र ब्लु-रे मिडियाबुक कम्बो प्याक पनि सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो। मिडियाबुक संस्करण सातवटा फरक आवरण संस्करणमा बिक्रीका लागि उपलब्ध गराइएको थियो। प्रत्येक संस्करण ३३३ प्रतिमा मात्र सीमित थियो भने अन्तिम संस्करण भने २२२ प्रतिमा मात्र सीमित थियो। चलचित्रका जर्मनीमा सार्वजनिक गरिएका सबै भौतिक संस्करणहरूमा मूल मलयालम भाषाको अडियो ट्र्याक र अङ्ग्रेजी उपशीर्षकका अतिरिक्त जर्मन भाषाको अडियो ट्र्याक र उपशीर्षक पनि समावेश गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bluray-disc.de/blu-ray-news/filme/156742-brutale_action_aus_indien_marco_ab_1112_auf_ultra_hd_bluray_im_mediabook_mit_sieben_covermotiven|title=Brutale Action aus Indien: "Marco" ab 11.12. auf Ultra HD Blu-ray im Mediabook mit sieben Cover-Motiven - UPDATE|website=BLURAY-DISC.DE|archive-date=27 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250927080825/https://bluray-disc.de/blu-ray-news/filme/156742-brutale_action_aus_indien_marco_ab_1112_auf_ultra_hd_bluray_im_mediabook_mit_sieben_covermotiven}}</ref> == विवाद == चलचित्रको अत्यधिक हिंसात्मक तथा क्रूर सामग्रीका कारण यसले व्यापक ध्यान आकर्षित गरेको थियो। वास्तविक जीवनमा हिंसालाई प्रोत्साहन दिन सक्ने तथा महिला र बालबालिकामाथिको हिंसा समावेश गरेको भन्दै धेरै व्यक्तित्वहरूले चलचित्रको आलोचना गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 March 2025 |title=Are Ranga, Marco and Young-hee behind murderous instincts of Kerala youth? |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2025/03/03/kerala-assembly-malayalam-movies-youth-violence-concerns.html |work=Onmanorama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 February 2025 |title=From 'Pani' to 'Marco': Kerala debates impact of glamourisation of crimes in films |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/from-pani-to-marco-kerala-debates-impact-of-glamourisation-of-crimes-in-films-3424608 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> चलचित्रको टेलिभिजन प्रदर्शन गर्ने योजना बनाइएको थियो, तर चलचित्रमा रहेको अत्यधिक दृश्यात्मक हिंसाका कारण केन्द्रीय चलचित्र प्रमाणीकरण बोर्ड (सीबीएफसी) ले त्यसलाई रोक लगाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 March 2025 |title=CBFC blocks Marco's TV release, writes to Centre to ban OTT screening |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/03/05/marco-violence-a-certification-ott-release-television-screening.html |work=Onmanorama}}</ref> चलचित्रको प्रस्तावित टेलिभिजन प्रदर्शन रद्द गरिनुका साथै भारतको क्षेत्रीय सेन्सर बोर्डले यसलाई ओटीटी स्ट्रिमिङ सेवाहरूबाट हटाउन पनि अपिल गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 March 2025 |title=Marco's TV release stopped by regional censor board, urges CBFC HQ's intervention to block streaming of Unni Mukundan film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-cbfc-office-seeks-centres-intervention-in-streaming-of-marco-9869518/ |work=The Indian Express |date=6 March 2025}}</ref> == प्रतिक्रिया == === समीक्षात्मक प्रतिक्रिया === ''मार्को''ले समीक्षकहरूबाट सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त गरेको थियो। समीक्षा सङ्कलक वेबसाइट [[रोटन टमेटोज]]मा ८ समीक्षकको समीक्षामध्ये ७९% सकारात्मक रहेका छन् भने औसत मूल्याङ्कन १० मध्ये ६.७ रहेको छ। === बक्स अफिस === प्रदर्शनको पहिलो दिन चलचित्रले विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ₹१०.८ करोड कमाइ गरेको थियो। यससँगै यो सन् २०२४ को चौथो सर्वाधिक पहिलो-दिन कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्र बनेको थियो। घरेलु बजारबाट ₹४.५५ करोड कमाउँदै यो मलयालम चलचित्र उद्योगका सर्वाधिक सफल प्रारम्भिक प्रदर्शनहरूमध्ये एक बनेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2024 |title=Marco {{!}} ആദ്യ ദിവസത്തിൽ മുടക്കുമുതലിന്റെ മൂന്നിലൊന്ന്; ഉണ്ണി മുകുന്ദന്റെ 'മാർക്കോ' ഒറ്റദിവസം നേടിയത് 10.8 കോടി |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/unni-mukundan-movie-marco-collects-one-third-of-its-budget-in-day-one-mm-705598.html |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=News18 മലയാളം |language=ml |archive-date=21 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221132038/https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/unni-mukundan-movie-marco-collects-one-third-of-its-budget-in-day-one-mm-705598.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''मार्को'' ''कमाट्टिपाडम'' (२०१६) लाई उछिन्दै मलयालम चलचित्र उद्योगको सर्वाधिक कमाइ गर्ने ए-प्रमाणित चलचित्र बनेको थियो।<ref name="d"/> प्रदर्शनको पहिलो तीनदिने सप्ताहन्तमा चलचित्रले विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ₹३० करोडभन्दा बढी कमाइ गरेको थियो, जसमध्ये ₹१४.७५ करोड केरलाबाट आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco Day 3 box office collection: Unni Mukundan film sees a huge spike in overseas and rest of India gross |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/marco-day-3-box-office-collection-unni-mukundan-film-sees-a-huge-spike-in-overseas-and-rest-of-india-gross/aafff4d588712 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> ३ जनवरी २०२५ सम्ममा हिन्दीमा डब गरिएको संस्करणले हिन्दीभाषी क्षेत्रमा ₹५ करोड खुद कमाइ गर्दै ''द गोट लाइफ'' (२०२४) र ''२०१८'' (२०२३) लाई उछिन्दै सर्वाधिक कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम डब चलचित्र बनेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Decoding 'Marco's Historic Success In North India: How A Malayalam Film Eclipsed 'Baby John' And Stunned The Box-Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/decoding-marcos-historic-success-in-north-india-how-a-malayalam-film-eclipsed-baby-john-and-stunned-the-box-office |access-date=5 January 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref> चलचित्रले प्रदर्शनको चौथो आइतबार (२३औँ दिन) विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ₹१०० करोडको कमाइ पार गरेको थियो। २० जनवरी २०२५ सम्ममा चलचित्रले विश्वभरबाट ₹१०४ करोड कमाइ गरेको थियो।<ref name="bo2">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Bhavana |date=26 January 2025 |title=Marco OTT release: Unni Mukundhan's Marco film gets an OTT release date |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/marco-ott-release-unni-mukundhans-marco-film-gets-an-ott-release-date-1856779 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == टिप्पणी == {{notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{IMDb title|29383379}} [[श्रेणी:सन् २०२४ का चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मलयालम भाषाका चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय एक्सन थ्रिलर चलचित्रहरू]] 8is0rflx9783lmabnu3eew83w28ouun 3 151044 1367953 2026-07-30T13:00:51Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1367953 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, रुद्रलाेचन आचार्यज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,९७९]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:रुद्रलाेचन आचार्य|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४५, ३० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) dsh8x892e6vug4glxp25ogh0fswtlta 0 151045 1367954 2026-07-30T13:00:57Z Omnathpokh1 20435 नयाँ पृष्ठ सृजना गरिएको। 1367954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty | name = इस्तानबुल महासन्धि | long_name = महिला तथा घरेलु हिंसा रोकथाम र सामना गर्न युरोपेली परिषद् महासन्धि | image = Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current.svg | image_width = 260 | caption = {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} {{legend|#039|हस्ताक्षर गरी अनुमोदन गरिएको{{#tag:ref|1. [[युरोपेली संघ]] पनि हस्ताक्षरकर्ता र अनुमोदनकर्ता हो।|group="note"}}}} {{legend|#a050ff|हस्ताक्षर गरिएको, लागु नभएको}} {{legend|#F29527|हस्ताक्षर नगरेको (युरोप परिषद् सदस्य राष्ट्रहरू){{#tag:ref|महासन्धि निर्माणमा संलग्न तर युरोप परिषद्का सदस्य नभएका राष्ट्रहरू समावेश; ती मध्ये कुनै ([[क्यानडा]], [[भ्याटिकन सिटी]], [[जापान]], [[मेक्सिको]], [[रूस]], र [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]) ले अहिलेसम्म महासन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका छैनन्।|group="note"}}}} {{legend|#da2131|पूर्व सदस्य}} {{legend|#C0C0C0|हस्ताक्षर नगरेको (युरोप परिषद् बाहिरका राष्ट्रहरू)}} {{Col-end}} | date_drafted = ७ अप्रिल २०११ | date_signed = ११ मे २०११ | location_signed = [[इस्तानबुल]], टर्की | condition_effective = १० अनुमोदन जसमध्ये ८ वटा [[युरोप परिषद्का सदस्य राष्ट्रहरू]] बाट | date_effective = १ अगस्ट २०१४ | parties = | signatories = ४५ राष्ट्र + [[युरोपेली संघ]] | ratifiers = ३९ राष्ट्र + [[युरोपेली संघ]] | depositor = [[युरोप परिषद्का महासचिव]] | citations = [[युरोप परिषद् सन्धि श्रृङ्खला]] No. [https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210 210] | languages = [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] र [[फ्रान्सेली भाषा|फ्रान्सेली]] | wikisource = | footnotes = }} '''इस्‍तान्बुल सम्मेलन''' सन् २०११ मा लागु भएको थियो जसको उद्देश्य [[टर्की ]] सहित विश्वका अन्य मुलुकहरूमा महिला विरूद्ध हुने घरेलु हिंसा न्यूनीकरण गर्नु र समाजमा [[लैङ्गिक समानता]]को पक्षपोषण गर्नु हो। यो सम्मेलनमा ३८ मुलुकहरूले हस्‍ताक्षर गरेका थिए। सन् २०१९ को मार्च महिनासम्म आइपुग्दा यसमा ४५ मुलुक र युरोपेली युनियनले हस्ताक्षर गरेका छन्। टर्कीले मार्च २०, २०२१ मा राष्ट्रपति रेसेप तैयप एर्दोगानद्वारा जारी गरिएको राष्ट्रपतिय आदेशपछि, जुलाई १, २०२१ देखि इस्तानबुल महासन्धिबाट आफ्नो बहिर्गमन आधिकारिक रूपमा पूरा गर्‍यो।<ref>https://english.nepalnews.com/s/global/turkey-withdraws-from-european-treaty-protecting-women/</ref> ==प्रमुख प्रावधानहरू== [[File:Safe from fear safe from violence.webm|thumb|इस्तानबुल सम्मेलनका मुख्य मुद्दाहरूको सार]] इस्तानबुल महासन्धि कानूनी रूपमा बाध्यकारी पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्झौता हो जसले महिला हिंसाविरूद्ध लड्न पूर्ण कानूनी ढाँचा निर्माण गर्ने लक्ष्य राख्दछ। यसले घरेलु हिंसा रोक्ने, पीडितहरूलाई संरक्षण गर्ने र अपराधीहरूलाई कानूनी कारबाही गर्ने कुरामा जोड दिन्छ।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maltastar.com/dart/20120521-malta-signs-convention-on-domestic-violence|work=Malta Star|title=Malta signs convention on domestic violence|access-date=30 July 2026|date=21 May 2012|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007201514/http://www.maltastar.com/dart/20120521-malta-signs-convention-on-domestic-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> यसले [[महिला हिंसा]]लाई [[मानव अधिकार]]को उल्लङ्घन र लैङ्गिक विभेदको रूपमा परिभाषित गरेको छ (धारा ३(क))। देशहरूले हिंसा रोक्न, पीडितको संरक्षण गर्न र अपराधीलाई सजाय दिन [[सम्यक तत्परता ]] अपनाउनुपर्छ (धारा ५)। त्यस्तै ‘[[लैङ्गिकता]]’को परिभाषा धारा ३(ग) मा गरिएको छ। महासन्धिले महिला हिंसाका रूपमा गणना हुने धेरै अपराधहरूलाई सूचीबद्ध गरेको छ। यसले सदस्य राष्ट्रहरूलाई विशेषज्ञ सहायता सेवा (धारा २२) र महिला तथा उनीहरूका बच्चाहरूका लागि [[महिला आवास|आवास]] (धारा २३) उपलब्ध गराउनुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरेको छ। यस महासन्धिलाई अनुमोदन गर्ने राष्ट्रहरूले निम्न कार्यहरूलाई अपराध घोषित गर्नुपर्छ: • मानसिक हिंसा (धारा ३३) • [[:en:stalking|पछ्याउनु]] (धारा ३४), • शारीरिक हिंसा (धारा ३५), • यौनिक हिंसा ([[बलात्कार]]समेत) (धारा ३६), • जबरजस्ती विवाह (धारा ३७), • [[महिला यौनाङ्ग कर्तन]] (धारा ३८), • [[जबरजस्ती गर्भपतन]] र जबरजस्ती बन्ध्याकरण (धारा ३९)। • यसले यौन उत्पीडनको घटनामा पनि फौजदारी वा अन्य कानूनी सजायको व्यवस्था गर्नुपर्ने उल्लेख गरेको छ (धारा ४०)। यस महासन्धिले तथाकथित [[सम्मान हत्या|इज्जतको नाममा]]” गरिने अपराधहरूलाई पनि विशेष रूपमा सम्बोधन गरेको छ (धारा ४२)। ===संरचना=== [[File:Istanbul Convention English.pdf|thumb|अङ्ग्रेजी भाषामा लेखिएको इस्तानबुल सम्मेलनको घोषणापत्रको ''सफ्ट कपी'']] यस महासन्धिमा १२ भाग र ८१ धाराहरू छन्। यसको संरचना युरोप परिषद्का हालका महासन्धिहरूको ढाँचाअनुसार छ।<ref>[https://rm.coe.int/arm-2021-coe-istanbul-convention-handbook-for-parliamentarians-eng-081/1680a4cf89 THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION –A POWERFUL TOOL TO ENDGENDER-BASED VIOLENCE]</ref> यो “चार P” मा आधारित छ: Prevention (रोकथाम), Protection (संरक्षण र पीडितको सहयोग), Prosecution (अपराधीमाथि मुद्दा चलाउने) र Policies (नीतिहरू)।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/convention-violence/CAHVIO/CAHVIO_2009_4%20FIN_en%20_2.pdf |title=Ad Hoc Committee on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CAHVIO) interim report |publisher=Council of Europe |date=27 May 2009 |access-date=30 July 2026|archive-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004171942/http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/convention-violence/CAHVIO/CAHVIO_2009_4%20FIN_en%20_2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> प्रत्येक क्षेत्रमा देशहरूले गर्नुपर्ने विशिष्ट कामहरू उल्लेख गरिएका छन्। महासन्धिले महिला हिंसासम्बन्धी तथ्यांक संकलन र अनुसन्धानलाई समर्थन गर्नुपर्ने दायित्व पनि देशहरूलाई दिएको छ (धारा ११)। प्रस्तावनाले युरोपेली मानव अधिकार महासन्धि, युरोपेली सामाजिक चार्टर र मानव बेचबिखन विरूद्धको महासन्धि जस्ता अन्य महत्वपूर्ण सन्धीहरू उल्लेख गरेको छ। धारा २ ले शान्तिकाल र सशस्त्र द्वन्द्व दुवै अवस्थामा यो महासन्धि लागू हुने बताएको छ। धारा ३ ले महिला हिंसा, घरेलु हिंसा, लैङ्गिकता र लिङ्गमा आधारित हिंसा जस्ता मुख्य शब्दहरूको स्पष्ट परिभाषा दिएको छ। धारा ४ ले पीडितको संरक्षणका लागि गरिने सबै कामहरू लिङ्ग, जाति, भाषा, धर्म, राजनीतिक विचार, उमेर, अपाङ्गता, यौन झुकाव, लैङ्गिक पहिचान वा अन्य कुनै आधारमा भेदभावरहित हुनुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरेको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== 8gw5vbrk8f1doly7a1bet8hcnqjzaef 1367960 1367954 2026-07-30T13:08:32Z Omnathpokh1 20435 सामान्य त्रुटी सँच्याइएको 1367960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty | name = इस्तानबुल महासन्धि | long_name = महिला तथा घरेलु हिंसा रोकथाम र सामना गर्न युरोपेली परिषद् महासन्धि | image = Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current.svg | image_width = 260 | caption = {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} {{legend|#039|हस्ताक्षर गरी अनुमोदन गरिएको{{#tag:ref|1. [[युरोपेली संघ]] पनि हस्ताक्षरकर्ता र अनुमोदनकर्ता हो।|group="note"}}}} {{legend|#a050ff|हस्ताक्षर गरिएको, लागु नभएको}} {{legend|#F29527|हस्ताक्षर नगरेको (युरोप परिषद् सदस्य राष्ट्रहरू){{#tag:ref|महासन्धि निर्माणमा संलग्न तर युरोप परिषद्का सदस्य नभएका राष्ट्रहरू समावेश; ती मध्ये कुनै ([[क्यानडा]], [[भ्याटिकन सिटी]], [[जापान]], [[मेक्सिको]], [[रूस]], र [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]) ले अहिलेसम्म महासन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका छैनन्।|group="note"}}}} {{legend|#da2131|पूर्व सदस्य}} {{legend|#C0C0C0|हस्ताक्षर नगरेको (युरोप परिषद् बाहिरका राष्ट्रहरू)}} {{Col-end}} | date_drafted = ७ अप्रिल २०११ | date_signed = ११ मे २०११ | location_signed = [[इस्तानबुल]], टर्की | condition_effective = १० अनुमोदन जसमध्ये ८ वटा [[युरोप परिषद्का सदस्य राष्ट्रहरू]] बाट | date_effective = १ अगस्ट २०१४ | parties = | signatories = ४५ राष्ट्र + [[युरोपेली संघ]] | ratifiers = ३९ राष्ट्र + [[युरोपेली संघ]] | depositor = [[युरोप परिषद्का महासचिव]] | citations = [[युरोप परिषद् सन्धि श्रृङ्खला]] No. [https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210 210] | languages = [[अंग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] र [[फ्रान्सेली भाषा|फ्रान्सेली]] | wikisource = | footnotes = }} '''इस्‍तान्बुल सम्मेलन''' सन् २०११ मा भएको थियो जसको उद्देश्य [[टर्की ]] सहित विश्वका अन्य मुलुकहरूमा महिला विरूद्ध हुने घरेलु हिंसा न्यूनीकरण गर्नु र समाजमा [[लैङ्गिक समानता]]को पक्षपोषण गर्नु हो। यो सम्मेलनमा ३८ मुलुकहरूले हस्‍ताक्षर गरेका थिए। सन् २०१९ को मार्च महिनासम्म आइपुग्दा यसमा ४५ मुलुक र युरोपेली युनियनले हस्ताक्षर गरेका छन्। टर्कीले मार्च २०, २०२१ मा राष्ट्रपति रेसेप तैयप एर्दोगानद्वारा जारी गरिएको राष्ट्रपतिय आदेशपछि, जुलाई १, २०२१ देखि इस्तानबुल महासन्धिबाट आफ्नो बहिर्गमन आधिकारिक रूपमा पूरा गर्‍यो।<ref>https://english.nepalnews.com/s/global/turkey-withdraws-from-european-treaty-protecting-women/</ref> ==प्रमुख प्रावधानहरू== [[File:Safe from fear safe from violence.webm|thumb|इस्तानबुल सम्मेलनका मुख्य मुद्दाहरूको सार]] इस्तानबुल महासन्धि कानूनी रूपमा बाध्यकारी पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्झौता हो जसले महिला हिंसाविरूद्ध लड्न पूर्ण कानूनी ढाँचा निर्माण गर्ने लक्ष्य राख्दछ। यसले घरेलु हिंसा रोक्ने, पीडितहरूलाई संरक्षण गर्ने र अपराधीहरूलाई कानूनी कारबाही गर्ने कुरामा जोड दिन्छ।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maltastar.com/dart/20120521-malta-signs-convention-on-domestic-violence|work=Malta Star|title=Malta signs convention on domestic violence|access-date=30 July 2026|date=21 May 2012|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007201514/http://www.maltastar.com/dart/20120521-malta-signs-convention-on-domestic-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> यसले [[महिला हिंसा]]लाई [[मानव अधिकार]]को उल्लङ्घन र लैङ्गिक विभेदको रूपमा परिभाषित गरेको छ (धारा ३(क))। देशहरूले हिंसा रोक्न, पीडितको संरक्षण गर्न र अपराधीलाई सजाय दिन [[सम्यक तत्परता ]] अपनाउनुपर्छ (धारा ५)। त्यस्तै ‘[[लैङ्गिकता]]’को परिभाषा धारा ३(ग) मा गरिएको छ। महासन्धिले महिला हिंसाका रूपमा गणना हुने धेरै अपराधहरूलाई सूचीबद्ध गरेको छ। यसले सदस्य राष्ट्रहरूलाई विशेषज्ञ सहायता सेवा (धारा २२) र महिला तथा उनीहरूका बच्चाहरूका लागि [[महिला आवास|आवास]] (धारा २३) उपलब्ध गराउनुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरेको छ। यस महासन्धिलाई अनुमोदन गर्ने राष्ट्रहरूले निम्न कार्यहरूलाई अपराध घोषित गर्नुपर्छ: • मानसिक हिंसा (धारा ३३) • [[:en:stalking|पछ्याउनु]] (धारा ३४), • शारीरिक हिंसा (धारा ३५), • यौनिक हिंसा ([[बलात्कार]]समेत) (धारा ३६), • जबरजस्ती विवाह (धारा ३७), • [[महिला यौनाङ्ग कर्तन]] (धारा ३८), • [[जबरजस्ती गर्भपतन]] र जबरजस्ती बन्ध्याकरण (धारा ३९)। • यसले यौन उत्पीडनको घटनामा पनि फौजदारी वा अन्य कानूनी सजायको व्यवस्था गर्नुपर्ने उल्लेख गरेको छ (धारा ४०)। यस महासन्धिले तथाकथित [[सम्मान हत्या|इज्जतको नाममा]]” गरिने अपराधहरूलाई पनि विशेष रूपमा सम्बोधन गरेको छ (धारा ४२)। ===संरचना=== [[File:Istanbul Convention English.pdf|thumb|अङ्ग्रेजी भाषामा लेखिएको इस्तानबुल सम्मेलनको घोषणापत्रको ''सफ्ट कपी'']] यस महासन्धिमा १२ भाग र ८१ धाराहरू छन्। यसको संरचना युरोप परिषद्का हालका महासन्धिहरूको ढाँचाअनुसार छ।<ref>[https://rm.coe.int/arm-2021-coe-istanbul-convention-handbook-for-parliamentarians-eng-081/1680a4cf89 THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION –A POWERFUL TOOL TO ENDGENDER-BASED VIOLENCE]</ref> यो “चार P” मा आधारित छ: Prevention (रोकथाम), Protection (संरक्षण र पीडितको सहयोग), Prosecution (अपराधीमाथि मुद्दा चलाउने) र Policies (नीतिहरू)।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/convention-violence/CAHVIO/CAHVIO_2009_4%20FIN_en%20_2.pdf |title=Ad Hoc Committee on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CAHVIO) interim report |publisher=Council of Europe |date=27 May 2009 |access-date=30 July 2026|archive-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004171942/http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/convention-violence/CAHVIO/CAHVIO_2009_4%20FIN_en%20_2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> प्रत्येक क्षेत्रमा देशहरूले गर्नुपर्ने विशिष्ट कामहरू उल्लेख गरिएका छन्। महासन्धिले महिला हिंसासम्बन्धी तथ्यांक संकलन र अनुसन्धानलाई समर्थन गर्नुपर्ने दायित्व पनि देशहरूलाई दिएको छ (धारा ११)। प्रस्तावनाले युरोपेली मानव अधिकार महासन्धि, युरोपेली सामाजिक चार्टर र मानव बेचबिखन विरूद्धको महासन्धि जस्ता अन्य महत्वपूर्ण सन्धीहरू उल्लेख गरेको छ। धारा २ ले शान्तिकाल र सशस्त्र द्वन्द्व दुवै अवस्थामा यो महासन्धि लागू हुने बताएको छ। धारा ३ ले महिला हिंसा, घरेलु हिंसा, लैङ्गिकता र लिङ्गमा आधारित हिंसा जस्ता मुख्य शब्दहरूको स्पष्ट परिभाषा दिएको छ। धारा ४ ले पीडितको संरक्षणका लागि गरिने सबै कामहरू लिङ्ग, जाति, भाषा, धर्म, राजनीतिक विचार, उमेर, अपाङ्गता, यौन झुकाव, लैङ्गिक पहिचान वा अन्य कुनै आधारमा भेदभावरहित हुनुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरेको छ। ==नोट== <references group="note"/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== 8r8y36y2sc6aenlmm3z4sq7hbge4s9e 1 151046 1367961 2026-07-30T13:08:44Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 151047 1367966 2026-07-30T13:21:51Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{छोटो विवरण|भारतीय कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | image = Gauri Ma.jpg | caption = मा {{circa|१९००}} | birth_date = फेब्रुअरी १८५७ | birth_place = [[शिबपुर]], [[हावडा]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] | death_date = १ मार्च १९३८ }} '''गौरी मा''' (फेब्रुअरी १८५७ [[शिवपुर]],... 1367966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|भारतीय कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | image = Gauri Ma.jpg | caption = मा {{circa|१९००}} | birth_date = फेब्रुअरी १८५७ | birth_place = [[शिबपुर]], [[हावडा]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] | death_date = १ मार्च १९३८ }} '''गौरी मा''' (फेब्रुअरी १८५७ [[शिवपुर]], [[हावडा]], [[ब्रिटिस भारत]] – १ मार्च १९३८), जन्म '''मृदानी''',<ref>Swami Mumukshananda (1997), Great Women of India, Published by Advaita Ashrama, {{ISBN|81-85301-30-1}}</ref> [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण ]]की प्रमुख भारतीय शिष्या, [[शारदा देवी]]की सहचरी तथा [[कलकत्ता]]को शारदेश्वरी आश्रमकी संस्थापक थिइन्।<ref>Sri Sarada Devi – The Great Wonder (1984), published by Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, {{ISBN|81-85301-57-3}}</ref> == रामकृष्ण र शारदा देवीसँगको सम्बन्ध == गौरी मा [[रामकृष्ण परमहंश|रामकृष्ण]]की पत्नी [[शारदा देवी]]की सहचरीको रूपमा थिइन्। ''गौरी मा''ले कहिलेकाहीं आफ्ना गुरु रामकृष्णका लागि खाना पकाउने र गीत गाउने काम गर्थिन्। रामकृष्णको उनको बारेमा धेरै उच्च धारणा थियो, उनले भने, "गौरी एक पूर्ण आत्मा हुन् – [[वृन्दावन]]की एक [[गोपी]]।"<ref>Durga Puri Devi (1955), Gauri-Ma, Published by the Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> गौरी मा दक्षिणेश्वरमा बसिरहेको बेला, श्रीरामकृष्णले उनलाई सन्यासिनीको वस्त्र दिए र धार्मिक अनुष्ठानको व्यवस्था गरेका थिए। श्रीरामकृष्णले स्वयं होम अग्निमा बेल पात्र चढाएका थिए। यसभन्दा पहिले, ''गौरी मा''ले त्यागको बाह्य चिह्नको रूपमा सन्यासिनीको वस्त्र लगाएकी थिइन् तर उनले कुनै औपचारिक प्रतिज्ञा लिएकी भने थिइनन्। यस अनुष्ठानपछि रामकृष्णले उनलाई एउटा नयाँ नाम गौरीआनन्द दिएका थिए। श्रीरामकृष्णले उनलाई सामान्यतया गौरी वा गौरीदासी भनेर बोलाउँथे र केही मानिसहरूले उनलाई गौरमा भनेर बोलाउँथे। तर गौरी मा नै उनी सामान्यतया चिनिने नाम थियो।<ref>Sannyasini Gauri Mata Puri Devi, A Monastic Disciple of Sri Ramakrishna (1995,2007), By Swami Shivatatvananda, Published by Mothers Trust Mothers Place, Ganges, Michigan, {{ISBN|978-1-4257-3539-5}}</ref> रामकृष्णले ''गौरी मा''लाई आफ्नो तीर्थयात्राको जीवनबाट बसोबास गर्न र भारतमा महिलाको उन्नतिको लागि काम गर्न प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिए। तत्कालीन समयमा भारतका महिलाहरूको अवस्था निकै दयनीय थियो भने रामकृष्णले महिलाहरूको शिक्षा र विकास, बौद्धिक र आध्यात्मिक दुवै दृष्टिले सुधार गर्न काम गर्न चाहन्थे। गौरी मासँग यस्तो कार्यको लागि उचित तालिम र शिक्षा नभएकाले उनले यसको विरोध गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>Subrata Puri Devi (1996), Durga-Ma, The Only Sannyasini Disciple of Sri Sri Sarada Devi, Published by Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]ले रामकृष्णको गौरी माप्रतिको प्रशंसालाई प्रतिध्वनि गर्दै भने, "गौरी मा कहाँ छिन्? हामीलाई त्यो महान उत्साही भावनायुक्त हजारौँ यस्ती आमाहरू चाहिन्छ।"<ref>Swami Vivekananda (1968), The Complete Works of Swami Vivekanada, Published by Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, Volume IV.</ref> शारदा देवीले गौरी मालाई नम्रतापूर्वक सम्झाउँदै भनिन्, "ठाकुर (रामकृष्ण)ले भनेका थिए कि तिम्रो जीवन महिलाहरूको सेवा गर्नको लागि हो"<ref>Durga Puri Devi (1955), Gauri-Ma, Published by the Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 5i3l7uuy7i3odvz5u6baedhygou85di 1367969 1367966 2026-07-30T13:27:15Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1367969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|भारतीय कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | image = Gauri Ma.jpg | caption = मा {{circa|१९००}} | birth_date = फेब्रुअरी १८५७ | birth_place = [[शिबपुर]], [[हावडा]], [[ब्रिटिश भारत]] | death_date = १ मार्च १९३८ }} '''गौरी मा''' (फेब्रुअरी १८५७ [[शिवपुर]], [[हावडा]], [[ब्रिटिस भारत]] – १ मार्च १९३८), जन्म '''मृदानी''',<ref>Swami Mumukshananda (1997), Great Women of India, Published by Advaita Ashrama, {{ISBN|81-85301-30-1}}</ref> [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण ]]की प्रमुख भारतीय शिष्या, [[शारदा देवी]]की सहचरी तथा [[कलकत्ता]]को शारदेश्वरी आश्रमकी संस्थापक थिइन्।<ref>Sri Sarada Devi – The Great Wonder (1984), published by Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, {{ISBN|81-85301-57-3}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == ''गौरी मा''को जन्म [[भारत]]को [[हावडा]], [[शिवपुर]]मा भएको थियो। बाल्यकालमै उनमा [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] आध्यात्मिकताप्रति गहिरो झुकाव थियो। तेह्र वर्षको उमेरसम्म पुग्दा, गौरी माले विवाहप्रति अरुचि विकास गरिसकेकी थिइन्। उनले आफ्नी आमालाई भनेकी थिइन्, "म केवल त्यही वरसँग विवाह गर्नेछु जो अमर छ," अर्थात् उनी [[कृष्ण]] बाहेक अरू कसैसँग विवाह गर्न चाहन्थिनन्।<ref>Swami Mumukshananda (1997), Great Women of India, Published by Advaita Ashrama, {{ISBN|81-85301-30-1}}</ref> जब गौरी मा सानी थिइन्, उनले एक [[योगिनी]]बाट श्रीकृष्णको ढुङ्गाको मूर्ति प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्। त्यस योगिनीले उनलाई भनेकी थिइन्, "ईश्वरको यो मूर्ति मेरो सबै थोक हो र यो दिव्य ऊर्जाले भरिपूर्ण छ। उहाँ तिमीसँग प्रेममा पर्नुभएको छ, त्यसैले म उहाँलाई तिमीलाई सुम्पिदैछु। बालिका, उहाँको पूजा गर। यसले तिम्रो भलो गर्नेछ।"<ref>Durga Puri Devi (1955), Gauri-ma, Published by Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> गौरी माले त्यो उपहार स्वीकार गरिन् र कृष्णको त्यो मूर्तिलाई आफ्नो पतिको रूपमा लिइन्। आफ्नो जीवनभर उनले त्यो ढुङ्गाको मूर्ति आफूसँग राखेकी थिइा्। गौरीले सानो उमेरमै घोलामा रामकृष्णबाट दीक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>Swami Chetanananda (1989), They Lived With God, Published by the Vedanta Society of St. Louis, {{ISBN|0-916356-61-2}}</ref> सन् १८७५ मा, गौरी आफन्त र छिमेकीहरूसँग [[गङ्गासागर]]को [[तीर्थयात्रा]]मा गएकी थिइन्। त्यहाँ बसेको तेस्रो दिन, उनी तीर्थयात्री]हरूको भीडमा हराइन्, आफूलाई चिन्न नपाओस् भनेर साध्वीको भेष धारण गरिन्। उनले भारतभरिका पवित्र स्थलहरू र [[मठहरू]]मा रेल र पैदल यात्रा गर्न थालिन्। आफ्नो तीर्थयात्राका वर्षहरूमा गौरी माले [[उपवास]], मौन बस्ने, र घण्टौँ [[ध्यान]] गर्ने जस्ता कठोर तपस्याहरू अभ्यास गरेकी थिइन्। उनले हिन्दु धर्मग्रन्थहरूको अध्ययनमा पनि धेरै समय बिताएकी थिइन्।<ref>Swami Chetanananda (1989), They Lived With God, Published by the Vedanta Society of St. Louis, {{ISBN|0-916356-61-2}}</ref> == रामकृष्ण र शारदा देवीसँगको सम्बन्ध == गौरी मा [[रामकृष्ण परमहंश|रामकृष्ण]]की पत्नी [[शारदा देवी]]की सहचरीको रूपमा थिइन्। ''गौरी मा''ले कहिलेकाहीं आफ्ना गुरु रामकृष्णका लागि खाना पकाउने र गीत गाउने काम गर्थिन्। रामकृष्णको उनको बारेमा धेरै उच्च धारणा थियो, उनले भने, "गौरी एक पूर्ण आत्मा हुन् – [[वृन्दावन]]की एक [[गोपी]]।"<ref>Durga Puri Devi (1955), Gauri-Ma, Published by the Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> गौरी मा दक्षिणेश्वरमा बसिरहेको बेला, श्रीरामकृष्णले उनलाई सन्यासिनीको वस्त्र दिए र धार्मिक अनुष्ठानको व्यवस्था गरेका थिए। श्रीरामकृष्णले स्वयं होम अग्निमा बेल पात्र चढाएका थिए। यसभन्दा पहिले, ''गौरी मा''ले त्यागको बाह्य चिह्नको रूपमा सन्यासिनीको वस्त्र लगाएकी थिइन् तर उनले कुनै औपचारिक प्रतिज्ञा लिएकी भने थिइनन्। यस अनुष्ठानपछि रामकृष्णले उनलाई एउटा नयाँ नाम गौरीआनन्द दिएका थिए। श्रीरामकृष्णले उनलाई सामान्यतया गौरी वा गौरीदासी भनेर बोलाउँथे र केही मानिसहरूले उनलाई गौरमा भनेर बोलाउँथे। तर गौरी मा नै उनी सामान्यतया चिनिने नाम थियो।<ref>Sannyasini Gauri Mata Puri Devi, A Monastic Disciple of Sri Ramakrishna (1995,2007), By Swami Shivatatvananda, Published by Mothers Trust Mothers Place, Ganges, Michigan, {{ISBN|978-1-4257-3539-5}}</ref> रामकृष्णले ''गौरी मा''लाई आफ्नो तीर्थयात्राको जीवनबाट बसोबास गर्न र भारतमा महिलाको उन्नतिको लागि काम गर्न प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिए। तत्कालीन समयमा भारतका महिलाहरूको अवस्था निकै दयनीय थियो भने रामकृष्णले महिलाहरूको शिक्षा र विकास, बौद्धिक र आध्यात्मिक दुवै दृष्टिले सुधार गर्न काम गर्न चाहन्थे। गौरी मासँग यस्तो कार्यको लागि उचित तालिम र शिक्षा नभएकाले उनले यसको विरोध गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>Subrata Puri Devi (1996), Durga-Ma, The Only Sannyasini Disciple of Sri Sri Sarada Devi, Published by Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]ले रामकृष्णको गौरी माप्रतिको प्रशंसालाई प्रतिध्वनि गर्दै भने, "गौरी मा कहाँ छिन्? हामीलाई त्यो महान उत्साही भावनायुक्त हजारौँ यस्ती आमाहरू चाहिन्छ।"<ref>Swami Vivekananda (1968), The Complete Works of Swami Vivekanada, Published by Advaita Ashrama, Calcutta, Volume IV.</ref> शारदा देवीले गौरी मालाई नम्रतापूर्वक सम्झाउँदै भनिन्, "ठाकुर (रामकृष्ण)ले भनेका थिए कि तिम्रो जीवन महिलाहरूको सेवा गर्नको लागि हो"<ref>Durga Puri Devi (1955), Gauri-Ma, Published by the Saradeswari Ashram, Calcutta</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} kpgg6xgddm8ej8ufunm0ewncsiarvl3 1 151048 1367970 2026-07-30T13:27:42Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 3 151049 1367971 2026-07-30T13:55:50Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1367971 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, Nisal khatriज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,९८१]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nisal khatri|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:४०, ३० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) m7tnx2l7ev2r53etl8lvvs4t2nqbr34 0 151050 1367988 2026-07-30T16:30:57Z Omnathpokh1 20435 नयाँ पृष्ठ सृजना गरिएको। 1367988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty | name = मापुटो प्रोटोकल | long_name = अफ्रिकाको मानव तथा जनजातिको अधिकारसम्बन्धी अफ्रिकी बडापत्रमा महिलाको अधिकार सम्बन्धी प्रोटोकल | image = Maputo Protocol participation map.svg | image_width = 300px | caption = {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} {{legend|#00AA00|हस्ताक्षर गरी अनुमोदन गरिएको}} {{legend|#008000|प्रवेश वा उत्तराधिकारी}} {{legend|#EEEE00|हस्ताक्षर मात्र}} {{legend|#FF1111|हस्ताक्षर नगरेको}} {{legend|#C0C0C0|अफ्रिकी संघका नभएका क्षेत्रहरू<ref>Spain ([[Canary Islands]] and [[Plazas de soberanía]]), France ([[Mayotte]] and [[Réunion]]), Portugal ([[Madeira]]) and the United Kingdom ([[Saint Helena]]).</ref>}} {{Col-end}} | type = [[अन्तराष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार दस्तावेज]] (महिला) | date_drafted = मार्च १९९५ (लोमे, टोगो) | date_signed = ११ जुलाई २००३ | location_signed = [[मापुटो]], [[मोजाम्बिक]] | date_sealed = | date_effective = २५ नोभेम्बर २००५ | condition_effective = [[अफ्रिकी संघ]]द्वारा १५ राष्ट्रहरूको अनुमोदन | date_expiration = | signatories = ४९ | parties = ४४ | depositor = [[अफ्रिकी संघ आयोग]] | languages = [[अंग्रेजी]], [[फ्रान्सेली]] | website = | wikisource = }} '''मापुटो प्रोटोकल''' अफ्रिकी संघले स्थापना गरेको [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानवअधिकार दस्तावेज]] हो, जुन सन् २००५ देखि लागु भएको हो। यसले राजनीतिक प्रक्रियामा सहभागी हुने महिलाको अधिकार, सामाजिक र राजनीतिक अधिकार पुरुषकै समान प्राप्त गर्ने, प्रजनन् स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी फैसला गर्न अझै बढी स्वायत्तताको अधिकार र महिला यौनाङ्ग कर्तनको अन्त्य गर्ने लगायतका महिलाको समावेशीताको हकको ठोकुवा गर्दछ।<ref>[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-fgm-maputoprotocol.pdf The Maputo Protocol of the African Union] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415144600/http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-fgm-maputoprotocol.pdf |date=15 April 2012 }}, brochure produced by [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit|GTZ]] for the German [[Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany)|Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development]]</ref> यसलाई सन् २००३ मा मोजाम्बिकको मापुटोमा [[अफ्रिकी संघ]]ले मानव तथा जनताको अधिकार सम्बन्धी अफ्रिकी बडापत्रको प्रोटोकलको रूपमा अपनाएको थियो (१९८१ मा अपनाइएको, १९८६ मा लागु गरिएको)। ==मुख्य व्यवस्थाहरू== मापुटो प्रोटोकलका मुख्य व्यवस्थाहरू निम्नानुसार छन्: * धारा २: महिलाविरूद्ध हुने सबै किसिमका विभेदको अन्त्य * धारा ३: सम्मानको अधिकार * धारा ४: जीवन, अखण्डता र व्यक्तिगत सुरक्षाको अधिकार * धारा ५: हानिकारक परम्पराहरूको अन्त्य (यो महिलाविरूद्ध हुने जननाङ्ग काटछाट ([[महिला यौनाङ्ग कर्तन]]) र महिलालाई हानी पुर्‍याउने अन्य परम्परागत प्रथाहरूको सन्दर्भमा हो।) * धारा ६: विवाह * धारा ७: मानो छुट्टिएको, सम्बन्धविच्छेद र विवाह खारेजी * धारा ८: न्यायमा पहुँच र कानूनद्वारा समान संरक्षण * धारा ९: राजनीतिक तथा निर्णय प्रक्रियामा महिला सहभागिताको अधिकार * धारा १०: शान्तिको अधिकार * धारा ११: सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वमा महिलाको संरक्षण * धारा १२: शिक्षा तथा तालिमको अधिकार * धारा १३: आर्थिक तथा सामाजिक कल्याण * धारा १४: स्वास्थ्य र प्रजनन् अधिकार * धारा १५: खाद्य सुरक्षाको अधिकार * धारा १६: पर्याप्त आवासको अधिकार * धारा १७: सकारात्मक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणको अधिकार * धारा १८:स्वस्थ र दिगो वातावरणको अधिकार * धारा १९: दिगो विकासको अधिकार * धारा २०: विधवाको अधिकार * धारा २१: सम्पत्ति उत्तराधिकारको अधिकार * धारा २२: वृद्ध महिलाको विशेष संरक्षण * धारा २३: अपाङ्गता भएका महिलाको विशेष संरक्षण * धारा २४: सङ्कटमा रहेका महिलाको विशेष संरक्षण * धारा २५: उपचार तथा क्षतिपूर्तिको अधिकार ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Wikisource|en:Maputo Protocol|मापुटो प्रोटोकल}} gp2bbgajohxd2gjpc3pitxq3v1vknog 1 151051 1367991 2026-07-30T17:09:44Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 151052 1367993 2026-07-30T17:14:47Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{छोटो विवरण|याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | name = नादिया मुराद | image = Nadia Murad 2023 (close-up).jpg | alt = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | caption = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ku|نادیە موراد|rtl=yes}}}} | native_name_lang = ku | birth_name = नादिया मु... 1367993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | name = नादिया मुराद | image = Nadia Murad 2023 (close-up).jpg | alt = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | caption = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ku|نادیە موراد|rtl=yes}}}} | native_name_lang = ku | birth_name = नादिया मुराद बासे ताहा | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|03|10|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Ca7cWA3MCk-/|title=Nadia Murad on Instagram|date=10 March 2022|website=Instagram|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> | birth_place = [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]], [[सिन्जार जिल्ला]], इराक | death_date = | death_place = | years_active = २०१४–हाल | organization = [[नादियाको पहल]] | known_for = [[याजिदी नरसंहार]]बाट बाँचेकी | notable_works = ''[[द लास्ट गर्ल (संस्मरण)|द लास्ट गर्ल: माई स्टोरी अफ क्याप्टिभिटी, एन्ड माई फाइट अगेन्स्ट द इस्लामिक स्टेट]]'' (सन् २०१७) | spouse = {{marriage|अबिद सामदीन|2018}} | awards = {{Collapsible list | title = {{nobold|''सूची हेर्नुहोस्:''}} | [[सखारोभ पुरस्कार]] (सज् २०१६) | [[सन् २०१८ को नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार|नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] (सन् २०१८) | युरोपको परिषद् भाक्लाभ हाभेल स्वतन्त्र विचार पुरस्कार (सन् २०१६) | क्लिन्टन ग्लोबल सिटिजन पुरस्कार (सन् २०१६) | [https://giwps.georgetown.edu/award_type/hrc-award/ शान्ति तथा सुरक्षामा महिला सशक्तीकरणका लागि हिलारी क्लिन्टन पुरस्कार] (सन् २०१८) | स्पेनको [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ]] शान्ति पुरस्कार (सन् २०१७) | [https://www.dvf.com/dvf-awards/ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय डिभिएफ पुरस्कार] (सन् २०१९) | [[बाम्बी पुरस्कार]] (सन् २०१९)}} | honours = [[लेजन अफ अनर|राष्ट्रिय लेजन अफ अनर]] (सन् २०२६) {{झण्डा चिन्ह|फ्रान्स}} }} '''नादिया मुराद बासे ताहा''' ({{Langx|ku|نادیە موراد بەسێ تەھا}}; {{langx|ar|نادية مراد باسي طه}}; जन्म १० मार्च १९९३) जर्मनीमा आधारित, इराकमा जन्मिएकी एक याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता हुन्।<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Siddique |first1=Haroon |last2=Maclean |first2=Ruth |date=5 October 2018 |title=Nobel peace prize 2018 won by Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad – as it happened |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2018/oct/05/nobel-peace-prize-2018-live-updates}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1= |date=5 October 2018 |title=Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nobel-peace-prize-awarded-to-denis-mukwege-and-nadia-murad/a-45763215 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist Nadia Murad gets married |url=https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=Ekurd.net |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> सन् २०१४ मा, [[इस्लामी राज्य]]द्वारा गरिएको [[याजिदी नरसंहार]]को क्रममा, उनलाई इराकको [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]] गृहनगरबाट अपहरण गरिएको थियो। उनको समुदायका अधिकांश मानिसहरू उक्त नरसंहारमा मारिएका थिए।<ref name=Newsweek-Testimony-2016>{{cite news|last1=Westcott|first1=Lucy|title=ISIS sex slavery survivor on a mission to save Yazidi women and girls|url=http://www.newsweek.com/nadia-murad-isis-sex-slavery-yazidi-438421|access-date=22 September 2016|work=Newsweek|date=19 March 2016}}</ref> आफ्नो अधिकांश परिवार गुमाएपछि, मुरादलाई हजारौँ अन्य याजिदी महिला र युवतीहरूसँगै तीन महिनासम्म इस्लामी राज्यको यौन दासीको रूपमा राखिएको थियो। मुराद [[नादियाको पहल]]की संस्थापक हुन्, जो एक गैर-नाफामूलक संस्था हो जुन भने यस संस्था "नरसंहार, सामूहिक अत्याचार र [[मानव बेचबिखन]]बाट पीडित महिला तथा बालबालिकाको उद्धार गर्ने र उनीहरूको जीवन तथा समुदाय पुनर्निर्माण गर्न मद्दत गर्नमा समर्पित छ। यसको स्थापना [[सिन्जार नरसंहार]]बाट प्रेरित थियो।<ref name="FM">{{cite web |title=Nadia Murad |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/nadia-murad/ |work=Forbes |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 17cq2auaotg8pb5ptgh2mne200rhgmm 1367994 1367993 2026-07-30T17:21:35Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1367994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | name = नादिया मुराद | image = Nadia Murad 2023 (close-up).jpg | alt = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | caption = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ku|نادیە موراد|rtl=yes}}}} | native_name_lang = ku | birth_name = नादिया मुराद बासे ताहा | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|03|10|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Ca7cWA3MCk-/|title=Nadia Murad on Instagram|date=10 March 2022|website=Instagram|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> | birth_place = [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]], [[सिन्जार जिल्ला]], इराक | death_date = | death_place = | years_active = २०१४–हाल | organization = [[नादियाको पहल]] | known_for = [[याजिदी नरसंहार]]बाट बाँचेकी | notable_works = ''[[द लास्ट गर्ल (संस्मरण)|द लास्ट गर्ल: माई स्टोरी अफ क्याप्टिभिटी, एन्ड माई फाइट अगेन्स्ट द इस्लामिक स्टेट]]'' (सन् २०१७) | spouse = {{marriage|अबिद सामदीन|2018}} | awards = {{Collapsible list | title = {{nobold|''सूची हेर्नुहोस्:''}} | [[सखारोभ पुरस्कार]] (सज् २०१६) | [[सन् २०१८ को नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार|नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] (सन् २०१८) | युरोपको परिषद् भाक्लाभ हाभेल स्वतन्त्र विचार पुरस्कार (सन् २०१६) | क्लिन्टन ग्लोबल सिटिजन पुरस्कार (सन् २०१६) | [https://giwps.georgetown.edu/award_type/hrc-award/ शान्ति तथा सुरक्षामा महिला सशक्तीकरणका लागि हिलारी क्लिन्टन पुरस्कार] (सन् २०१८) | स्पेनको [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ]] शान्ति पुरस्कार (सन् २०१७) | [https://www.dvf.com/dvf-awards/ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय डिभिएफ पुरस्कार] (सन् २०१९) | [[बाम्बी पुरस्कार]] (सन् २०१९)}} | honours = [[लेजन अफ अनर|राष्ट्रिय लेजन अफ अनर]] (सन् २०२६) {{झण्डा चिन्ह|फ्रान्स}} }} '''नादिया मुराद बासे ताहा''' ({{Langx|ku|نادیە موراد بەسێ تەھا}}; {{langx|ar|نادية مراد باسي طه}}; जन्म १० मार्च १९९३) जर्मनीमा आधारित, इराकमा जन्मिएकी एक याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता हुन्।<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Siddique |first1=Haroon |last2=Maclean |first2=Ruth |date=5 October 2018 |title=Nobel peace prize 2018 won by Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad – as it happened |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2018/oct/05/nobel-peace-prize-2018-live-updates}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1= |date=5 October 2018 |title=Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nobel-peace-prize-awarded-to-denis-mukwege-and-nadia-murad/a-45763215 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist Nadia Murad gets married |url=https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=Ekurd.net |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> सन् २०१४ मा, [[इस्लामी राज्य]]द्वारा गरिएको [[याजिदी नरसंहार]]को क्रममा, उनलाई इराकको [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]] गृहनगरबाट अपहरण गरिएको थियो। उनको समुदायका अधिकांश मानिसहरू उक्त नरसंहारमा मारिएका थिए।<ref name=Newsweek-Testimony-2016>{{cite news|last1=Westcott|first1=Lucy|title=ISIS sex slavery survivor on a mission to save Yazidi women and girls|url=http://www.newsweek.com/nadia-murad-isis-sex-slavery-yazidi-438421|access-date=22 September 2016|work=Newsweek|date=19 March 2016}}</ref> आफ्नो अधिकांश परिवार गुमाएपछि, मुरादलाई हजारौँ अन्य याजिदी महिला र युवतीहरूसँगै तीन महिनासम्म इस्लामी राज्यको यौन दासीको रूपमा राखिएको थियो। मुराद [[नादियाको पहल]]की संस्थापक हुन्, जो एक गैर-नाफामूलक संस्था हो जुन भने यस संस्था "नरसंहार, सामूहिक अत्याचार र [[मानव बेचबिखन]]बाट पीडित महिला तथा बालबालिकाको उद्धार गर्ने र उनीहरूको जीवन तथा समुदाय पुनर्निर्माण गर्न मद्दत गर्नमा समर्पित छ। यसको स्थापना [[सिन्जार नरसंहार]]बाट प्रेरित थियो।<ref name="FM">{{cite web |title=Nadia Murad |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/nadia-murad/ |work=Forbes |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८ मा "युद्धकालीन यौन हिंसालाई युद्ध र सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वको हतियारको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्ने कार्य अन्त्य गर्न उनीहरूको प्रयासको लागि" उनलाई कङ्गोली स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञ [[डेनिस मुकवेगे]]सँग संयुक्त रूपमा [[नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] प्रदान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.nobelprize.org/pea-press.pdf?_ga=2.201315175.873660876.1538722964-1765660518.1538398809|title=Announcement|work=The Nobel Peace Prize|access-date=5 October 2018|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005154231/https://old.nobelprize.org/pea-press.pdf?_ga=2.201315175.873660876.1538722964-1765660518.1538398809|url-status=dead}}</ref> उनी नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्ने पहिलो इराकी र याजिदी हुन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45759669|title=Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad|journal=BBC News|date=5 October 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१६ मा, मुरादलाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र मादक पदार्थ तथा अपराध कार्यालयका लागि मानव बेचबिखनबाट बाँचेकाहरूको मर्यादाका लागि पहिलो शुभेच्छुक राजदूत नियुक्त गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Human trafficking survivor Nadia Murad named UNODC Goodwill Ambassador |url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2016/September/human-trafficking-survivor-nadia-murad-named-unodc-goodwill-ambassador.html |website=United Nations |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक तथा व्यक्तिगत जीवन == मुरादको जन्म इराकको [[सिन्जार जिल्ला]] अन्तर्गतको [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]] नमक गाउँमा भएको थियो, जहाँ अधिकांश याजिदी मानिसहरू बसोबास गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/who-is-the-nobel-peace-prize-2018-winner-nadia-murad-1.777517|title=Who is the Nobel Peace Prize 2018 winner Nadia Murad?|website=The National|date=5 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="DW 2">{{cite web |author1= |date=10 December 2018 |title=Nadia Murad: One woman's fight against 'Islamic State' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nadia-murad-one-womans-fight-against-islamic-state/a-36172104 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> उनको परिवार, [[याजिदी]] [[अल्पसङ्ख्यक समूह|अल्पसङ्ख्यक]] समुदायको थियो र जीविकोपार्जनका लागि कृषि कर्ममा आधारित थियो।<ref name=UNTV-Testimony-2015>{{cite news|last1=Murad Basee Taha|first1=Nadia|title=Nadia Murad Basee Taha (ISIL victim) on Trafficking of persons in situations of conflict – Security Council, 7585th meeting|url=http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/watch/nadia-murad-basee-taha-isil-victim-on-trafficking-of-persons-in-situations-of-conflict-security-council-7585th-meeting/4665835954001|access-date=21 September 2016|work=United Nations Television (UNTV)|date=16 December 2015|format=Video|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226090928/http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/watch/nadia-murad-basee-taha-isil-victim-on-trafficking-of-persons-in-situations-of-conflict-security-council-7585th-meeting/4665835954001|url-status=dead}}</ref> मुराद ११ सन्तानमध्ये सबैभन्दा कान्छी हुन्, जसमा उनका चार जना सौतेनी दाजु-बहिनीहरू समावेश छैनन्। मुरादका बुबाले आफ्नी पहिलो श्रीमतीको मृत्युपछि उनकी आमासँग विवाह गरेका थिए, जसबाट उनका चार सन्तान थिए। उनका आमा-बुबा दुवै धर्मनिष्ठ याजिदी थिए, यद्यपि मुराद हुर्किँदा आफ्नो धर्मको बारेमा खासै जानकार थिइनन्। मुरादका बुबाको सन् २००३ मा मृत्यु भएको थियो। बाल्यकालमा, मुरादले सौन्दर्य सैलुन चलाउने सपना देखेकी थिइन्। उनी आफ्नो घरप्रति अत्यन्तै जिम्मेवार थिइन् भने उनले कोचो छोडेर अन्तै बस्ने कल्पना पनि गरेकी थिइनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadia Murad's Mission to Protect Survivors |date=21 February 2024 |url=https://time.com/collection/women-of-the-year/6691527/nadia-murad/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=1 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201143751/https://time.com/collection/women-of-the-year/6691527/nadia-murad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> १९ अगस्ट २०१८ मा, मुरादले जर्मनीमा आफ्ना साथी याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता अबिद सामदीनसँग विवाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist Nadia Murad gets married |url=https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=Ekurd.net |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 August 2018 |title=Yazidi Islamic State survivor gets engaged |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45245173 |access-date=20 August 2023 |journal=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 August 2023 |title=Nadia Murad on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CwHn6AzO99Y/ |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 799b770o4eeij4slu62n2tai4bzkutx 1368034 1367994 2026-07-31T06:35:56Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता}} {{Infobox person | name = नादिया मुराद | image = Nadia Murad 2023 (close-up).jpg | alt = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | caption = सन् २०२३ मा मुराद | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ku|نادیە موراد|rtl=yes}}}} | native_name_lang = ku | birth_name = नादिया मुराद बासे ताहा | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|03|10|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Ca7cWA3MCk-/|title=Nadia Murad on Instagram|date=10 March 2022|website=Instagram|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> | birth_place = [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]], [[सिन्जार जिल्ला]], इराक | death_date = | death_place = | years_active = २०१४–हाल | organization = [[नादियाको पहल]] | known_for = [[याजिदी नरसंहार]]बाट बाँचेकी | notable_works = ''[[द लास्ट गर्ल (संस्मरण)|द लास्ट गर्ल: माई स्टोरी अफ क्याप्टिभिटी, एन्ड माई फाइट अगेन्स्ट द इस्लामिक स्टेट]]'' (सन् २०१७) | spouse = {{marriage|अबिद सामदीन|2018}} | awards = {{Collapsible list | title = {{nobold|''सूची हेर्नुहोस्:''}} | [[सखारोभ पुरस्कार]] (सज् २०१६) | [[सन् २०१८ को नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार|नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] (सन् २०१८) | युरोपको परिषद् भाक्लाभ हाभेल स्वतन्त्र विचार पुरस्कार (सन् २०१६) | क्लिन्टन ग्लोबल सिटिजन पुरस्कार (सन् २०१६) | [https://giwps.georgetown.edu/award_type/hrc-award/ शान्ति तथा सुरक्षामा महिला सशक्तीकरणका लागि हिलारी क्लिन्टन पुरस्कार] (सन् २०१८) | स्पेनको [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ]] शान्ति पुरस्कार (सन् २०१७) | [https://www.dvf.com/dvf-awards/ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय डिभिएफ पुरस्कार] (सन् २०१९) | [[बाम्बी पुरस्कार]] (सन् २०१९)}} | honours = [[लेजन अफ अनर|राष्ट्रिय लेजन अफ अनर]] (सन् २०२६) {{झण्डा चिन्ह|फ्रान्स}} }} '''नादिया मुराद बासे ताहा''' ({{Langx|ku|نادیە موراد بەسێ تەھا}}; {{langx|ar|نادية مراد باسي طه}}; जन्म १० मार्च १९९३) जर्मनीमा आधारित, इराकमा जन्मिएकी एक याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता हुन्।<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Siddique |first1=Haroon |last2=Maclean |first2=Ruth |date=5 October 2018 |title=Nobel peace prize 2018 won by Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad – as it happened |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2018/oct/05/nobel-peace-prize-2018-live-updates}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1= |date=5 October 2018 |title=Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nobel-peace-prize-awarded-to-denis-mukwege-and-nadia-murad/a-45763215 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist Nadia Murad gets married |url=https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=Ekurd.net |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |date=3 January 2019 }}</ref> सन् २०१४ मा, [[इस्लामी राज्य]]द्वारा गरिएको [[याजिदी नरसंहार]]को क्रममा, उनलाई इराकको [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]] गृहनगरबाट अपहरण गरिएको थियो। उनको समुदायका अधिकांश मानिसहरू उक्त नरसंहारमा मारिएका थिए।<ref name=Newsweek-Testimony-2016>{{cite news|last1=Westcott|first1=Lucy|title=ISIS sex slavery survivor on a mission to save Yazidi women and girls|url=http://www.newsweek.com/nadia-murad-isis-sex-slavery-yazidi-438421|access-date=22 September 2016|work=Newsweek|date=19 March 2016}}</ref> आफ्नो अधिकांश परिवार गुमाएपछि, मुरादलाई हजारौँ अन्य याजिदी महिला र युवतीहरूसँगै तीन महिनासम्म इस्लामी राज्यको यौन दासीको रूपमा राखिएको थियो। मुराद [[नादियाको पहल]]की संस्थापक हुन्, जो एक गैर-नाफामूलक संस्था हो जुन भने यस संस्था "नरसंहार, सामूहिक अत्याचार र [[मानव बेचबिखन]]बाट पीडित महिला तथा बालबालिकाको उद्धार गर्ने र उनीहरूको जीवन तथा समुदाय पुनर्निर्माण गर्न मद्दत गर्नमा समर्पित छ। यसको स्थापना [[सिन्जार नरसंहार]]बाट प्रेरित थियो।<ref name="FM">{{cite web |title=Nadia Murad |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/nadia-murad/ |work=Forbes |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८ मा "युद्धकालीन यौन हिंसालाई युद्ध र सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वको हतियारको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्ने कार्य अन्त्य गर्न उनीहरूको प्रयासको लागि" उनलाई कङ्गोली स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञ [[डेनिस मुकवेगे]]सँग संयुक्त रूपमा [[नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] प्रदान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.nobelprize.org/pea-press.pdf?_ga=2.201315175.873660876.1538722964-1765660518.1538398809|title=Announcement|work=The Nobel Peace Prize|access-date=5 October 2018|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005154231/https://old.nobelprize.org/pea-press.pdf?_ga=2.201315175.873660876.1538722964-1765660518.1538398809|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005154231/https://old.nobelprize.org/pea-press.pdf?_ga=2.201315175.873660876.1538722964-1765660518.1538398809 |date=5 October 2018 }}</ref> उनी नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्ने पहिलो इराकी र याजिदी हुन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45759669|title=Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad|journal=BBC News|date=5 October 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१६ मा, मुरादलाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र मादक पदार्थ तथा अपराध कार्यालयका लागि मानव बेचबिखनबाट बाँचेकाहरूको मर्यादाका लागि पहिलो शुभेच्छुक राजदूत नियुक्त गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Human trafficking survivor Nadia Murad named UNODC Goodwill Ambassador |url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2016/September/human-trafficking-survivor-nadia-murad-named-unodc-goodwill-ambassador.html |website=United Nations |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक तथा व्यक्तिगत जीवन == मुरादको जन्म इराकको [[सिन्जार जिल्ला]] अन्तर्गतको [[कोचो, इराक|कोचो]] नमक गाउँमा भएको थियो, जहाँ अधिकांश याजिदी मानिसहरू बसोबास गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/who-is-the-nobel-peace-prize-2018-winner-nadia-murad-1.777517|title=Who is the Nobel Peace Prize 2018 winner Nadia Murad?|website=The National|date=5 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="DW 2">{{cite web |author1= |date=10 December 2018 |title=Nadia Murad: One woman's fight against 'Islamic State' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nadia-murad-one-womans-fight-against-islamic-state/a-36172104 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> उनको परिवार, [[याजिदी]] [[अल्पसङ्ख्यक समूह|अल्पसङ्ख्यक]] समुदायको थियो र जीविकोपार्जनका लागि कृषि कर्ममा आधारित थियो।<ref name=UNTV-Testimony-2015>{{cite news|last1=Murad Basee Taha|first1=Nadia|title=Nadia Murad Basee Taha (ISIL victim) on Trafficking of persons in situations of conflict – Security Council, 7585th meeting|url=http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/watch/nadia-murad-basee-taha-isil-victim-on-trafficking-of-persons-in-situations-of-conflict-security-council-7585th-meeting/4665835954001|access-date=21 September 2016|work=United Nations Television (UNTV)|date=16 December 2015|format=Video|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226090928/http://webtv.un.org/meetings-events/watch/nadia-murad-basee-taha-isil-victim-on-trafficking-of-persons-in-situations-of-conflict-security-council-7585th-meeting/4665835954001|url-status=dead}}</ref> मुराद ११ सन्तानमध्ये सबैभन्दा कान्छी हुन्, जसमा उनका चार जना सौतेनी दाजु-बहिनीहरू समावेश छैनन्। मुरादका बुबाले आफ्नी पहिलो श्रीमतीको मृत्युपछि उनकी आमासँग विवाह गरेका थिए, जसबाट उनका चार सन्तान थिए। उनका आमा-बुबा दुवै धर्मनिष्ठ याजिदी थिए, यद्यपि मुराद हुर्किँदा आफ्नो धर्मको बारेमा खासै जानकार थिइनन्। मुरादका बुबाको सन् २००३ मा मृत्यु भएको थियो। बाल्यकालमा, मुरादले सौन्दर्य सैलुन चलाउने सपना देखेकी थिइन्। उनी आफ्नो घरप्रति अत्यन्तै जिम्मेवार थिइन् भने उनले कोचो छोडेर अन्तै बस्ने कल्पना पनि गरेकी थिइनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadia Murad's Mission to Protect Survivors |date=21 February 2024 |url=https://time.com/collection/women-of-the-year/6691527/nadia-murad/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=1 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201143751/https://time.com/collection/women-of-the-year/6691527/nadia-murad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> १९ अगस्ट २०१८ मा, मुरादले जर्मनीमा आफ्ना साथी याजिदी मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता अबिद सामदीनसँग विवाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2018 |title=Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist Nadia Murad gets married |url=https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=Ekurd.net |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103133235/https://ekurd.net/yazidi-nadia-murad-married-2018-08-20 |date=3 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 August 2018 |title=Yazidi Islamic State survivor gets engaged |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45245173 |access-date=20 August 2023 |journal=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 August 2023 |title=Nadia Murad on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CwHn6AzO99Y/ |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} bacxgawjx7s2k9oeojw9uixl0pq9lxc 14 151053 1367995 2026-07-30T17:22:04Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{लुकाइएका श्रेणी}} 1367995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{लुकाइएका श्रेणी}} l7chkebm7e8pgr0sfhugxmu53rkx88n 1 151054 1367996 2026-07-30T17:22:52Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1367996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 3 151055 1368001 2026-07-30T18:10:42Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[Template:Welcome|स्वागतम्]] 1368001 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, Adrishya001ज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,९८३]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Adrishya001|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:५५, ३० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) 8cgnp6tfs84rpd2bzpi0rwyya7tokkn 0 151056 1368009 2026-07-31T03:05:30Z Omnathpokh1 20435 नयाँ पृष्ठ सृजना गरिएको 1368009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty | name = बेलेम दो पारा महासन्धि | long_name = महिलाविरूद्धको हिंसा रोकथाम, दण्ड र उन्मुलनसम्बन्धी अन्तर-अमेरिकी महासन्धि | image = Belém do Pará Convention participation map.svg | image_width = 250 px | caption = {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} {{legend|#00AA00|हस्ताक्षर गरी अनुमोदन गरिएको}} {{legend|#008000|प्रवेश}} {{legend|#FF1111|हस्ताक्षर नगरेको}} {{legend|#B9B9B9|ओ.ए.एस् सदस्य नभएको}} {{Col-end}} | type = | date_drafted = | date_signed = ९ जुन १९९४ | location_signed = [[बेलेम|बेलेम दो पारा]], [[ब्राजिल]] | date_effective = ३ फेब्रुअरी १९९५<ref name="GESD9">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Feh_EBGGY0g |title=Lesson 9: The Belém do Pará Convention |author=Juan Francisco Lobo |work=Gender Equality & Sexual Diversity |publisher=MOOC Chile |date=5 September 2016 |access-date=31 July 2026}}</ref>{{rp|at=3:12}}{{#tag:ref|Article 21 stipulates: 'This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit of the second instrument of ratification.' The [http://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/Signatories-Table-EN.pdf official list of signatures and ratifications] shows that the first state to ratify the Convention was Bolivia on 26 October 1994, followed by Guatemala on 4 January 1995; therefore, thirty days later, on 3 February 1995, the Convention entered into force.|group="note"}} | condition_effective = २ अनुमोदन + ३० दिन{{#tag:ref|Article 21.|group="note"}} | date_expiration = कहिल्यै होइन{{#tag:ref|Article 24.|group="note"}} | signatories = ३२ | parties = ३२ | depositor = [[:en:Secretary General of the Organization of American States|अमेरिकी राज्य सङ्गठनको महासचिवालय]] | language = | languages = [[अङ्ग्रेजी]], [[फ्रेन्च]], [[पोर्चुगिज]], [[स्पेनिस]] | wikisource = }} '''बेलेम दो पारा सम्मेलन''' ब्राजिलको [[बेलेम दो पारा]]मा सन् १९९४ जुन ९ का दिन बसेको सम्मेलन हो जसले अमेरिकी राज्य संस्था अन्तर्गतको अन्तर-अमेरिकी महिला आयोग (''सि.आई.एम्'')द्वारा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानवअधिकार दस्तावेज पारित गरेको थियो। यस सम्मेलनले पारित गरेको दस्तावेज वा सन्धीलाई विश्वमै महिलाविरूद्ध हुने सबै प्रकारका हिंसा, विशेष गरी यौन हिंसालाई अपराध मान्ने पहिलो कानूनी रूपमा बाध्यकारी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्धि मानिन्छ। == विषयसूची == यो सन्धि [[:en:Organization of American States|अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]का चारवटा आधिकारिक भाषाहरूमा लेखिएको छ; धारा २५ अनुसार प्रत्येक भाषाको संस्करण समान रूपमा आधिकारिक छ: * [[अंग्रेजी]]: ''Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)'' * [[स्पेनिस]]: ''Convención Interamericana para Prevenir, Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia contra la Mujer (Convención de Belém do Pará)'' * [[पोर्चुगिज]]: ''Convenção Interamericana para Prevenir, Punir e Erradicar a Violência contra a Mulher (Convenção de Belém do Pará)'' * [[फ्रेन्च]]: ''Convention Interamericaine pour la Prevention, la Sanction et l'Elimination de la Violence contre la Femme (Convention de Belém do Pará)'' यस महासन्धिको अङ्ग्रेजी पाठ तल चित्रमा दिइएको छ जसले “महिला हिंसा भनेको के हो?” भनी परिभाषित गर्दछ, महिलाहरूलाई हिंसामुक्त जीवन जिउने अधिकार छ भनी स्थापित गर्दछ र महिला हिंसाले [[मानव अधिकारको उल्लङ्घन]] र मौलिक स्वतन्त्रताको हनन् गर्दछ भन्ने कुरालाई पुष्टि गर्दछ। यसले सार्वजनिक वा निजी क्षेत्रमा हुने महिलाको शारीरिक, यौनजन्य तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक अखण्डता विरूद्धको हिंसासँग जुध्न र समाजमा ती अधिकारहरूलाई स्थापित गर्नका लागि महिला अधिकारको संरक्षण र रक्षा गर्ने बाध्यकारी संयन्त्र निर्माणको आह्वान गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/convention.asp |title=About the Belém do Pará Convention |work=CIM website |publisher=Organization of American States |access-date= 31 July 2026}}</ref> [[File:Belém do Pará Convention English.pdf|thumb|'''बेलेम दो पारा''' महासन्धिको अङ्ग्रेजी पाठ (क्लिक गर्न सकिने, ६ पृष्ठ)]] '''भाग १: परिभाषा र प्रयोगको दायरा''' *धारा १: '[[महिला हिंसा]]' को परिभाषा। *धारा २: महिला हिंसा हुने सन्दर्भ वा परिस्थिति। '''भाग २: संरक्षित अधिकारहरू''' *धारा ३: सार्वजनिक र निजी दुवै क्षेत्रमा हिंसाबाट मुक्त हुने महिलाको अधिकारको मान्यता। *धारा ४: महिलाहरू सबै मानव अधिकारका हकदार छन् भन्ने मान्यता, जसले धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण विशिष्ट उदाहरणहरू प्रदान गर्दछ। *धारा ५: महिलाहरू सबै नागरिक, राजनीतिक, सामाजिक-आर्थिक र सांस्कृतिक अधिकारका हकदार छन् भन्ने मान्यता; महिला हिंसाले उनीहरूलाई यी अधिकार उपभोग गर्नबाट रोक्छ भन्ने पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूको मान्यता। *धारा ६: महिलाहरूलाई भेदभावबाट मुक्त हुने र उनीहरूलाई तल्लो वा निच स्तरको दर्शाउने वा निश्चित व्यवहार देखाउनुपर्ने ढाँचा निर्धारण गरिदिने सांस्कृतिक रूढीवादी मान्यता तथा अभ्यासहरूबाट मुक्त हुने अधिकारको मान्यता। '''भाग ३: राज्यहरूको कर्तव्य''' *धारा ७: महिला हिंसाका सबै रूपहरूको पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूद्वारा भत्सर्ना र यस्ता हिंसालाई तत्काल रोक्न, सजाय दिन र निर्मूल पार्न सम्झौता, जसलाई ८ वटा मुख्य क्षेत्रहरूमा थप विस्तृत पारिएको छ; जसमा राज्यका आफ्नै निकाय तथा [[गुमस्ता]]हरूद्वारा हुने महिला हिंसा पनि समावेश छ। *धारा ८: सामाजिक मनोवृत्ति र महिला हिंसालाई प्रोत्साहन गर्ने, महिला हिंसामा आधारित विचारको प्रचारप्रसार गर्ने, गर्न अनुमति दिने वा गर्नेलाई माफी दिने तत्वहरूलाई परिवर्तन गर्न क्रमिक रूपमा विशिष्ट उपायहरू अवलम्बन गर्ने र हिंसा भोगेका वा हिंसाको जोखिममा रहेका महिलाहरूलाई उचित सहायता प्रदान गर्ने पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूको सहमति। *धारा ९: जातजाति, जातीयता, आप्रवासी, [[शरणार्थी]], विस्थापित, [[गर्भवती]], अपाङ्गता भएका, नाबालक, वृद्ध, गरीब, सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वबाट प्रभावित वा स्वतन्त्रताबाट वञ्चित भएका कारण हिंसाको विशेष जोखिममा रहेका महिलाहरूको संरक्षणमा विशेष चासो दिने पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूको सहमति। '''भाग ४: संरक्षणका अन्तर-अमेरिकी संयन्त्रहरू''' *धारा १०: धारा ७ र ८ अन्तर्गतका आफ्ना दायित्वहरू पूरा गर्न अपनाएका उपायहरू [[अन्तर-अमेरिकी महिला आयोग]]लाई बुझाइने र राष्ट्रिय प्रतिवेदनहरूमा अद्यावधिक विवरण दिने पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूको सहमति। *धारा ११: यस महासन्धिको व्याख्यामा [[अन्तर-अमेरिकी मानव अधिकार अदालत]]सँग परामर्श वा सल्लाह माग्ने पक्ष राष्ट्रहरू र अन्तर-अमेरिकी महिला आयोगको अधिकार। *धारा १२: पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूद्वारा धारा ७ को उल्लङ्घन भएकोमा व्यक्ति, समूह र [[गैरसरकारी संस्था]]हरूलाई [[अन्तर-अमेरिकी मानव अधिकार आयोग]]मा उजुरी दिने अधिकार र स्थापित नियम तथा प्रक्रिया अनुसार ती दाबीहरूको विचार गर्ने आयोगको कर्तव्य। '''भाग ५: सामान्य प्रावधानहरू''' *धारा १३: कुनै पनि पक्ष राष्ट्रको आन्तरिक कानूनले यस महासन्धिले भन्दा महिला अधिकारको बढी संरक्षण गर्छ भने आन्तरिक कानूनलाई नै प्राथमिकता दिइनेछ भन्ने सहमति। *धारा १४: मानव अधिकार सम्बन्धी अमेरिकी महासन्धि वा अन्य अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय महासन्धिहरूले यस महासन्धि भन्दा महिला अधिकारको बढी संरक्षण गर्छन् भने ती महासन्धिहरूलाई नै प्राथमिकता दिइनेछ भन्ने सहमति। *धारा १५: यो महासन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्ने सबै [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]का सदस्य राष्ट्रहरूको अधिकार। *धारा १६: यो महासन्धिलाई अनुमोदन गर्ने र [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]को सामान्य सचिवालयमा अनुमोदनका कागजातहरू जम्मा गर्ने कर्तव्य। *धारा १७: गैर-[[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]का राष्ट्रहरूलाई यस महासन्धिमा समावेश/अनुबन्ध हुने अधिकार; [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]] सामान्य सचिवालयमा समावेश भएका कागजातहरू जम्मा गर्ने कर्तव्य। *धारा १८: महासन्धिलाई स्वीकृति, हस्ताक्षर, अनुमोदन वा समावेश गर्दा पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूलाई यस महासन्धिको उद्देश्य र मर्मसँग प्रतिकूल नहुने गरी विशिष्ट प्रावधानहरूमा आरक्षण (आरक्षित शर्त) राख्न पाउने अधिकार। *धारा १९: [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]] मार्फत [[[[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठनको साधारण सभा]]मा महासन्धिका संशोधनहरू प्रस्ताव गर्ने पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूको अधिकार। कुल पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूको दुई-तिहाइले अनुमोदन गरेपछि संशोधन लागु हुनेछ र त्यसपछि ती पक्ष राष्ट्रहरू र पछि संशोधन अनुमोदन गर्ने जुनसुकै पक्ष राष्ट्रमा लागू हुनेछ। *धारा २०: पक्ष राष्ट्रहरूका स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा यस महासन्धिको प्रयोग सम्बन्धी नियमहरू। *धारा २१: दोस्रो राष्ट्रको अनुमोदनको ३० दिनपछि र पछाडिका राष्ट्रहरूका लागि उनीहरूले आफ्नो अनुमोदन वा समावेशीकरण दर्ता गराएको ३० दिनपछि यो महासन्धि लागू हुनेछ भन्ने शर्त। *धारा २२: यो महासन्धि कहिले लागू हुनेछ भन्ने कुरा महासचिवले सबै [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]का सदस्य राष्ट्रहरूलाई जानकारी गराउने शर्त। *धारा २३: महासचिवले [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]का सदस्य राष्ट्रहरूलाई यस महासन्धिको अवस्थाबारे वार्षिक रूपमा अद्यावधिक गराउने शर्त। *धारा २४: यो महासन्धि अनिश्चितकालसम्म लागू रहनेछ, तर प्रत्येक पक्ष राष्ट्रले खारेजीको सूचना दिन सक्नेछ, जसको एक वर्षपछि यो महासन्धि उक्त राष्ट्रका लागि लागु हुन छाड्नेछ भन्ने शर्त। *धारा २५: यस महासन्धिका मूल पाठहरू अंग्रेजी, फ्रेन्च, पोर्चुगिज र स्पेनिस भाषामा लेखिएका छन्, प्रत्येक भाषाको संस्करण समान रूपमा आधिकारिक छ, यी [[अमेरिकी राज्यहरूको सङ्गठन]]का सामान्य सचिवालयमा राखिनेछन्, र तिनका प्रतिलिपिहरू [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र सचिवालय]]मा पठाइनेछन् भन्ने शर्त। ==नोट== {{Reflist|group="note"}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Feh_EBGGY0g पाठ ९: बेलेम दो पारा सम्मेलन] – [[चिली विश्वविद्यालय]]का प्राध्यापक ''जुआन फ्रान्सिस्को लोबो''ले दिएको कलेज लेक्चर g0nlfl7p9n794iunyeqgh60ca870tpf 0 151057 1368013 2026-07-31T03:39:48Z Omnathpokh1 20435 नयाँ पृष्ठ सृजना गरिएको 1368013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''भियना घोषणापत्र र कार्ययोजना''' [[विश्वव्यापी मानव अधिकार घोषणापत्र]] र [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घको बडापत्र]]लाई सुदृढ पार्ने उद्देश्यले जारी गरिएको एक वक्तव्य हो। यसैको परिणामस्वरूप [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घीय मानव अधिकार उच्चायुक्त]] कार्यालयको स्थापना भयो। यसलाई विश्व मानव अधिकार सम्मेलनले २५ जुन १९९३ मा स्वीकार गरेको थियो। यसको मुख्य सिद्धान्त “सबै मानव अधिकार विश्वव्यापी, अविभाज्य, अन्तरनिर्भर र अन्तरसम्बन्धित छन् भन्ने हो।” (भाग १, धारा ५) यसको अर्थ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायले [[मानव अधिकार]]सम्बन्धी [[आर्थिक, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक अधिकार]] र [[नागरिक अधिकार]] दुवैलाई समान रूपमा र समान महत्त्वका साथ, कुनै अपवादबिना व्यवहार गर्नुपर्छ। यो वाक्यांश [[मोन्ट्रियल घोषणापत्र]], [[योग्यकर्ता सिद्धान्त]] र [[अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्तिहरूको अधिकारसम्बन्धी महासन्धि]]मा पनि उद्धृत गरिएको छ। यो घोषणापत्रले [[जातिवाद]], [[विदेशीद्वेष]], [[आप्रवासन]], [[प्रवासी कामदार]], [[आदिवासी]], [[जातीय समूह|जातीय]] वा [[अल्पसङ्ख्यक समूह]] वा अन्य कुनै पनि आधारमा बिना विभेद सबै मानव अधिकार र स्वतन्त्रताहरूको पूर्ण कार्यान्वयन गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। यसले [[सहनशीलता]]का साथ [[महिला]] र [[बालबालिका]]का मानव अधिकारलाई पनि पुष्टि गर्दछ र सबै प्रकारका [[बाल दुर्व्यवहार]], [[बाल श्रम]], [[बाल सैनिक]], [[बाल वेश्यावृत्ति]], [[बाल अश्लीलता]] तथा कुनै पनि रूपको [[मानव तस्करी]], बाध्यकारी [[वेश्यावृत्ति]], [[यौन दासत्व]] र युद्धका कुनै पनि [[हतियार]]हरूको अमानवीय प्रयोग विरुद्ध आवाज उठाउँछ। साथै यसले [[अपाङ्गता|अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्तिहरू]]को मानव अधिकार संरक्षणलाई पनि लक्ष्य बनाएको छ। सबै मानव अधिकारहरूको पूर्ण कार्यान्वयनका लागि यो घोषणापत्रले सबै देशहरूलाई सम्भव भएसम्म सबै [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार कानून]] पूर्ण रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्न र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनका लागि प्रभावकारी कानूनी प्रणालीमार्फत उपचार उपलब्ध गराउन आग्रह गर्दछ। यस्ता प्रणालीहरू [[सुशासन]], [[लोकतन्त्र]] र [[दिगो विकास]]का लागि अपरिहार्य छन्, जसले मानव अधिकारको निष्पक्ष र पूर्ण कार्यान्वयनलाई सम्भव बनाउँछन्। यो घोषणापत्रले मानव अधिकार, [[स्वतन्त्रता]] र लोकतन्त्रको विश्वव्यापी महत्त्वलाई पनि पुष्टि गर्दछ र कुनै पनि [[आतङ्कवाद]], गैरकानूनी [[लागुऔषध]] व्यापार तथा [[अपहरण]]लाई तिनका विनाशकारी प्रभावका रूपमा निन्दा गर्दछ र तिनीहरूविरुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सहयोगको माग गर्दछ। साथै यसले [[शरणार्थीको स्थितिसम्बन्धी महासन्धि]] अनुसार [[राजनीतिक शरण]]को अधिकार सुनिश्चित गर्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय एकता र भार बाँडफाँडको भावनामा जोड दिन्छ, जसमा प्यालेस्टाइनका जनता पनि समावेश छन्। यसले [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार कानून]], [[मानवीय सहायता]], [[शान्ति]], [[सहनशीलता]], [[कानुनको शासन]], [[लोकतन्त्र]] र [[सामाजिक न्याय]]सम्बन्धी शिक्षाको महत्त्वलाई पनि जोड दिन्छ, जुन सबै तहका शिक्षामा [[अशिक्षा]]विरूद्ध लागू हुनुपर्छ। यो घोषणापत्रले विशेष गरी [[अफ्रिका]]का गरीब तथा [[विकासशील देश]]हरूको विकासको अधिकारलाई पनि पुष्टि गर्दछ र विकासका लागि अफ्रिकामा [[लोकतन्त्र]] प्रवर्द्धन गर्न आग्रह गर्दछ। तर विकासको अभावले पूर्ण [[मानव अधिकार]]को उल्लङ्घनलाई जायज ठहराउन सक्दैन। साथै यसले [[जेनेभा महासन्धि]]लाई औपचारिक रूपमा नस्वीकारेका राज्यहरूलाई सबै मानव अधिकारहरूको कार्यान्वयनका लागि आवश्यक कदम चाल्न आग्रह गर्दछ। ==व्यवस्था== भियना घोषणापत्र तथा कार्ययोजना १४–२५ जुन १९९३ मा अस्ट्रियाको भियनामा आयोजित विश्व मानव अधिकार सम्मेलनको मुख्य उपलब्धि हो। यस सम्मेलनमा १७१ राष्ट्रका प्रतिनिधिहरूसहित करिब ७,००० सहभागी थिए, जसमा ८०० भन्दा बढी गैरसरकारी संस्थाहरू पनि समावेश थिए। सम्मेलनले सहमतिबाट अपनाएको दस्तावेज दुई भागमा विभाजित छ। भाग एकमा सिद्धान्तहरू घोषणा गरिएका छन् भने भाग दुईमा व्यावहारिक सिफारिसहरू छन्। यसमा संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ प्रणालीभित्र मानव अधिकारसम्बन्धी गतिविधिहरूको समन्वय बढाउने, दोहोरोपन हटाउने र विभिन्न निकायहरूबीच सहकार्य सुदृढ पार्ने स्पष्ट आह्वान गरिएको छ। यसले राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार संस्थाहरू को महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका पुनःपुष्टि गर्‍यो। पेरिस सिद्धान्तहरूलाई आधार मानी यस्ता स्वतन्त्र संस्थाहरू स्थापना र सुदृढीकरण गर्न राज्यहरूलाई प्रोत्साहन दियो। यसपछिका दुई दशकमा विश्वभर यस्ता संस्थाहरूको सङ्ख्या पाँच गुणाभन्दा बढी बढ्यो। आदिवासी जनजातिहरूका सम्बन्धमा यसले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय दशक घोषणा गर्न, स्वैच्छिक कोष स्थापना गर्न र संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ प्रणालीमा स्थायी मञ्चको सम्भावना विचार गर्न सिफारिस गर्‍यो। यसले पछि आदिवासी अधिकारसम्बन्धी महासन्धिको बाटो खोल्न मद्दत गर्‍यो। प्रवासी कामदारहरूका अधिकारबारे पनि यसले सबै राज्यलाई उनीहरू र तिनका परिवारका मानव अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्न र “प्रवासी कामदार तथा तिनका परिवारका सदस्यहरूको अधिकार संरक्षणसम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय महासन्धि” चाँडो अनुमोदन गर्न आग्रह गर्‍यो।<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action</ref> यसका अतिरिक्त, गैरसरकारी संस्थाहरूको भूमिकालाई स्पष्ट रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो र कार्यान्वयनको पाँच वर्षे समीक्षा लगायतका अनुगमन संयन्त्रहरू सिफारिस गरिए। यी तत्वहरूले पछिल्ला वर्षहरूमा मानव अधिकार संयन्त्रहरूको विकासमा महत्वपूर्ण योगदान पुर्‍याए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action t9a999s2wruue5mywk1fsd9ppwvdfkx 1368042 1368013 2026-07-31T06:43:47Z Omnathpokh1 20435 /* व्यवस्था */ सन्दर्भ सामग्री थप गरिएको 1368042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''भियना घोषणापत्र र कार्ययोजना''' [[विश्वव्यापी मानव अधिकार घोषणापत्र]] र [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घको बडापत्र]]लाई सुदृढ पार्ने उद्देश्यले जारी गरिएको एक वक्तव्य हो। यसैको परिणामस्वरूप [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घीय मानव अधिकार उच्चायुक्त]] कार्यालयको स्थापना भयो। यसलाई विश्व मानव अधिकार सम्मेलनले २५ जुन १९९३ मा स्वीकार गरेको थियो। यसको मुख्य सिद्धान्त “सबै मानव अधिकार विश्वव्यापी, अविभाज्य, अन्तरनिर्भर र अन्तरसम्बन्धित छन् भन्ने हो।” (भाग १, धारा ५) यसको अर्थ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायले [[मानव अधिकार]]सम्बन्धी [[आर्थिक, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक अधिकार]] र [[नागरिक अधिकार]] दुवैलाई समान रूपमा र समान महत्त्वका साथ, कुनै अपवादबिना व्यवहार गर्नुपर्छ। यो वाक्यांश [[मोन्ट्रियल घोषणापत्र]], [[योग्यकर्ता सिद्धान्त]] र [[अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्तिहरूको अधिकारसम्बन्धी महासन्धि]]मा पनि उद्धृत गरिएको छ। यो घोषणापत्रले [[जातिवाद]], [[विदेशीद्वेष]], [[आप्रवासन]], [[प्रवासी कामदार]], [[आदिवासी]], [[जातीय समूह|जातीय]] वा [[अल्पसङ्ख्यक समूह]] वा अन्य कुनै पनि आधारमा बिना विभेद सबै मानव अधिकार र स्वतन्त्रताहरूको पूर्ण कार्यान्वयन गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। यसले [[सहनशीलता]]का साथ [[महिला]] र [[बालबालिका]]का मानव अधिकारलाई पनि पुष्टि गर्दछ र सबै प्रकारका [[बाल दुर्व्यवहार]], [[बाल श्रम]], [[बाल सैनिक]], [[बाल वेश्यावृत्ति]], [[बाल अश्लीलता]] तथा कुनै पनि रूपको [[मानव तस्करी]], बाध्यकारी [[वेश्यावृत्ति]], [[यौन दासत्व]] र युद्धका कुनै पनि [[हतियार]]हरूको अमानवीय प्रयोग विरुद्ध आवाज उठाउँछ। साथै यसले [[अपाङ्गता|अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्तिहरू]]को मानव अधिकार संरक्षणलाई पनि लक्ष्य बनाएको छ। सबै मानव अधिकारहरूको पूर्ण कार्यान्वयनका लागि यो घोषणापत्रले सबै देशहरूलाई सम्भव भएसम्म सबै [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार कानून]] पूर्ण रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्न र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनका लागि प्रभावकारी कानूनी प्रणालीमार्फत उपचार उपलब्ध गराउन आग्रह गर्दछ। यस्ता प्रणालीहरू [[सुशासन]], [[लोकतन्त्र]] र [[दिगो विकास]]का लागि अपरिहार्य छन्, जसले मानव अधिकारको निष्पक्ष र पूर्ण कार्यान्वयनलाई सम्भव बनाउँछन्। यो घोषणापत्रले मानव अधिकार, [[स्वतन्त्रता]] र लोकतन्त्रको विश्वव्यापी महत्त्वलाई पनि पुष्टि गर्दछ र कुनै पनि [[आतङ्कवाद]], गैरकानूनी [[लागुऔषध]] व्यापार तथा [[अपहरण]]लाई तिनका विनाशकारी प्रभावका रूपमा निन्दा गर्दछ र तिनीहरूविरुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सहयोगको माग गर्दछ। साथै यसले [[शरणार्थीको स्थितिसम्बन्धी महासन्धि]] अनुसार [[राजनीतिक शरण]]को अधिकार सुनिश्चित गर्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय एकता र भार बाँडफाँडको भावनामा जोड दिन्छ, जसमा प्यालेस्टाइनका जनता पनि समावेश छन्। यसले [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार कानून]], [[मानवीय सहायता]], [[शान्ति]], [[सहनशीलता]], [[कानुनको शासन]], [[लोकतन्त्र]] र [[सामाजिक न्याय]]सम्बन्धी शिक्षाको महत्त्वलाई पनि जोड दिन्छ, जुन सबै तहका शिक्षामा [[अशिक्षा]]विरूद्ध लागू हुनुपर्छ। यो घोषणापत्रले विशेष गरी [[अफ्रिका]]का गरीब तथा [[विकासशील देश]]हरूको विकासको अधिकारलाई पनि पुष्टि गर्दछ र विकासका लागि अफ्रिकामा [[लोकतन्त्र]] प्रवर्द्धन गर्न आग्रह गर्दछ। तर विकासको अभावले पूर्ण [[मानव अधिकार]]को उल्लङ्घनलाई जायज ठहराउन सक्दैन। साथै यसले [[जेनेभा महासन्धि]]लाई औपचारिक रूपमा नस्वीकारेका राज्यहरूलाई सबै मानव अधिकारहरूको कार्यान्वयनका लागि आवश्यक कदम चाल्न आग्रह गर्दछ। ==व्यवस्था== भियना घोषणापत्र तथा कार्ययोजना १४–२५ जुन १९९३ मा अस्ट्रियाको भियनामा आयोजित विश्व मानव अधिकार सम्मेलनको मुख्य उपलब्धि हो। यस सम्मेलनमा १७१ राष्ट्रका प्रतिनिधिहरूसहित करिब ७,००० सहभागी थिए, जसमा ८०० भन्दा बढी गैरसरकारी संस्थाहरू पनि समावेश थिए। सम्मेलनले सहमतिबाट अपनाएको दस्तावेज दुई भागमा विभाजित छ। भाग एकमा सिद्धान्तहरू घोषणा गरिएका छन् भने भाग दुईमा व्यावहारिक सिफारिसहरू छन्।<ref>https://www.independentliving.org/docs5/ViennaDecl.html</ref> यसमा संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ प्रणालीभित्र मानव अधिकारसम्बन्धी गतिविधिहरूको समन्वय बढाउने, दोहोरोपन हटाउने र विभिन्न निकायहरूबीच सहकार्य सुदृढ पार्ने स्पष्ट आह्वान गरिएको छ। यसले राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार संस्थाहरू को महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका पुनःपुष्टि गर्‍यो। पेरिस सिद्धान्तहरूलाई आधार मानी यस्ता स्वतन्त्र संस्थाहरू स्थापना र सुदृढीकरण गर्न राज्यहरूलाई प्रोत्साहन दियो। यसपछिका दुई दशकमा विश्वभर यस्ता संस्थाहरूको सङ्ख्या पाँच गुणाभन्दा बढी बढ्यो। आदिवासी जनजातिहरूका सम्बन्धमा यसले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय दशक घोषणा गर्न, स्वैच्छिक कोष स्थापना गर्न र संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ प्रणालीमा स्थायी मञ्चको सम्भावना विचार गर्न सिफारिस गर्‍यो। यसले पछि आदिवासी अधिकारसम्बन्धी महासन्धिको बाटो खोल्न मद्दत गर्‍यो। प्रवासी कामदारहरूका अधिकारबारे पनि यसले सबै राज्यलाई उनीहरू र तिनका परिवारका मानव अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्न र “प्रवासी कामदार तथा तिनका परिवारका सदस्यहरूको अधिकार संरक्षणसम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय महासन्धि” चाँडो अनुमोदन गर्न आग्रह गर्‍यो।<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action</ref> यसका अतिरिक्त, गैरसरकारी संस्थाहरूको भूमिकालाई स्पष्ट रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो र कार्यान्वयनको पाँच वर्षे समीक्षा लगायतका अनुगमन संयन्त्रहरू सिफारिस गरिए। यी तत्वहरूले पछिल्ला वर्षहरूमा मानव अधिकार संयन्त्रहरूको विकासमा महत्वपूर्ण योगदान पुर्‍याए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action 4ezpibr19psno6t1snj2ytt89r0lsnm 0 151058 1368021 2026-07-31T05:33:51Z Bishaldev100 28807 "[[:hi:Special:Redirect/revision/6287576|बलि का बकरा]]"पृष्ठलाई अनुवाद गरि सृजना गरियो 1368021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु भनेको एक प्रमुख दोषी लाई बचाउनको लागि निर्दोष वा कम दोषी व्यक्तिलाई दोष लगाउने वा फसाउने '''कार्य''' हो। बलिको बोका रूपमा बच्चा, कर्मचारी, साथी, कमजोर देश, वा धार्मिक समुदायलाई बनाउन सक्छ। [[राजनीति|राजनीतिमा]] बलिको बोका बनाउनु एउटा प्रमुख रणनीति हो। वास्तविक गल्ती वा अपराध अर्कै शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति वा समूहले गरेको हुन्छ, तर आफू बच्नका लागि कुनै कमजोर वा निर्दोष व्यक्तिलाई अघि सारिन्छ। == उदाहरण == यो उखान विशेष गरी राजनीति, कार्यालय र समाजमा धेरै प्रयोग हुन्छ: व्यवस्थापनमा, '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु एक अभ्यास हो जसमा तल्लो कर्मचारी कर्मचारीलाई वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको गल्तीको लागि दोषी ठहराइन्छ। यो प्रायः उच्च व्यवस्थापनमा जवाफदेहीताको कमीको कारण हो।<ref name="it-scapegoat">[http://www.pmhut.com/the-art-of-scapegoating-in-it-projects The Art of Scapegoating in IT Projects] PM Hut, 15 October 2009</ref> जर्मनीमा [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]मा जर्मन पराजयको दोष यहुदीहरूमाथी लगाएर बलिको बोका बनाइएको थियो। यसैलाई नाजीहरूले प्रोपागान्डा प्रचार गरेर यहुदीहरूको आम नरसंहार गरेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=History of the Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/holocaust-adolf-hitler-history-genocide-denial |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=History |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=The Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=The National WWII Museum {{!}} New Orleans |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapaport|first1=Elisa|last2=Schabio|first2=William|editor1-last=Polga|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=John|editor2-first=Suki|title=The Holocaust: Remembrance, respect, and resilience|date=2023|publisher=PennState|location=Penn State University, Pennsylvania|url=https://psu.pb.unizin.org/holocaust3rs/chapter/chapter-1/|access-date=18 June 2026|chapter=Propaganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What History Teaches: Scapegoating & the Politics of Othering |url=https://www.holocaustmuseumla.org/event-details/what-history-teaches-scapegoating-the-politics-of-othering |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Holocaust Museum LA |language=en}}</ref> * '''राजनीतिमा''': ठुला नेताहरूले भ्रष्टाचार वा ठुलो काण्ड गर्छन्, तर अनुसन्धानबाट बच्न आफ्ना साना कार्यकर्ता वा कर्मचारीलाई फसाएर जेल पठाउँछन्। * '''कार्यालयमा''': हाकिमको गलत निर्णयका कारण कम्पनीलाई घाटा हुन्छ, तर जागिरबाट साना कर्मचारीलाई निकालिन्छ। == मनोबिज्ञान == [[श्रेणी:दुर्व्यवहार]] 7exfkxt4thuue4143ff2lcqayfddxw9 1368022 1368021 2026-07-31T05:34:12Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* मनोबिज्ञान */ 1368022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु भनेको एक प्रमुख दोषी लाई बचाउनको लागि निर्दोष वा कम दोषी व्यक्तिलाई दोष लगाउने वा फसाउने '''कार्य''' हो। बलिको बोका रूपमा बच्चा, कर्मचारी, साथी, कमजोर देश, वा धार्मिक समुदायलाई बनाउन सक्छ। [[राजनीति|राजनीतिमा]] बलिको बोका बनाउनु एउटा प्रमुख रणनीति हो। वास्तविक गल्ती वा अपराध अर्कै शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति वा समूहले गरेको हुन्छ, तर आफू बच्नका लागि कुनै कमजोर वा निर्दोष व्यक्तिलाई अघि सारिन्छ। == उदाहरण == यो उखान विशेष गरी राजनीति, कार्यालय र समाजमा धेरै प्रयोग हुन्छ: व्यवस्थापनमा, '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु एक अभ्यास हो जसमा तल्लो कर्मचारी कर्मचारीलाई वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको गल्तीको लागि दोषी ठहराइन्छ। यो प्रायः उच्च व्यवस्थापनमा जवाफदेहीताको कमीको कारण हो।<ref name="it-scapegoat">[http://www.pmhut.com/the-art-of-scapegoating-in-it-projects The Art of Scapegoating in IT Projects] PM Hut, 15 October 2009</ref> जर्मनीमा [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]मा जर्मन पराजयको दोष यहुदीहरूमाथी लगाएर बलिको बोका बनाइएको थियो। यसैलाई नाजीहरूले प्रोपागान्डा प्रचार गरेर यहुदीहरूको आम नरसंहार गरेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=History of the Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/holocaust-adolf-hitler-history-genocide-denial |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=History |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=The Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=The National WWII Museum {{!}} New Orleans |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapaport|first1=Elisa|last2=Schabio|first2=William|editor1-last=Polga|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=John|editor2-first=Suki|title=The Holocaust: Remembrance, respect, and resilience|date=2023|publisher=PennState|location=Penn State University, Pennsylvania|url=https://psu.pb.unizin.org/holocaust3rs/chapter/chapter-1/|access-date=18 June 2026|chapter=Propaganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What History Teaches: Scapegoating & the Politics of Othering |url=https://www.holocaustmuseumla.org/event-details/what-history-teaches-scapegoating-the-politics-of-othering |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Holocaust Museum LA |language=en}}</ref> * '''राजनीतिमा''': ठुला नेताहरूले भ्रष्टाचार वा ठुलो काण्ड गर्छन्, तर अनुसन्धानबाट बच्न आफ्ना साना कार्यकर्ता वा कर्मचारीलाई फसाएर जेल पठाउँछन्। * '''कार्यालयमा''': हाकिमको गलत निर्णयका कारण कम्पनीलाई घाटा हुन्छ, तर जागिरबाट साना कर्मचारीलाई निकालिन्छ। == मनोबिज्ञान == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:दुर्व्यवहार]] 454y1jel9tk8s1azekvfmjrv7q0p6z6 1368023 1368022 2026-07-31T05:36:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Scapegoat_&_blacksheep.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|358x358पिक्सेल|युरोपको बलिको बोका, एबेल प्यानको चित्र, १९१५]] '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु भनेको एक प्रमुख दोषी लाई बचाउनको लागि निर्दोष वा कम दोषी व्यक्तिलाई दोष लगाउने वा फसाउने '''कार्य''' हो। बलिको बोका रूपमा बच्चा, कर्मचारी, साथी, कमजोर देश, वा धार्मिक समुदायलाई बनाउन सक्छ। [[राजनीति|राजनीतिमा]] बलिको बोका बनाउनु एउटा प्रमुख रणनीति हो। वास्तविक गल्ती वा अपराध अर्कै शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति वा समूहले गरेको हुन्छ, तर आफू बच्नका लागि कुनै कमजोर वा निर्दोष व्यक्तिलाई अघि सारिन्छ। == उदाहरण == यो उखान विशेष गरी राजनीति, कार्यालय र समाजमा धेरै प्रयोग हुन्छ: व्यवस्थापनमा, '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु एक अभ्यास हो जसमा तल्लो कर्मचारी कर्मचारीलाई वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको गल्तीको लागि दोषी ठहराइन्छ। यो प्रायः उच्च व्यवस्थापनमा जवाफदेहीताको कमीको कारण हो।<ref name="it-scapegoat">[http://www.pmhut.com/the-art-of-scapegoating-in-it-projects The Art of Scapegoating in IT Projects] PM Hut, 15 October 2009</ref> जर्मनीमा [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]मा जर्मन पराजयको दोष यहुदीहरूमाथी लगाएर बलिको बोका बनाइएको थियो। यसैलाई नाजीहरूले प्रोपागान्डा प्रचार गरेर यहुदीहरूको आम नरसंहार गरेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=History of the Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/holocaust-adolf-hitler-history-genocide-denial |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=History |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=The Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=The National WWII Museum {{!}} New Orleans |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapaport|first1=Elisa|last2=Schabio|first2=William|editor1-last=Polga|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=John|editor2-first=Suki|title=The Holocaust: Remembrance, respect, and resilience|date=2023|publisher=PennState|location=Penn State University, Pennsylvania|url=https://psu.pb.unizin.org/holocaust3rs/chapter/chapter-1/|access-date=18 June 2026|chapter=Propaganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What History Teaches: Scapegoating & the Politics of Othering |url=https://www.holocaustmuseumla.org/event-details/what-history-teaches-scapegoating-the-politics-of-othering |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Holocaust Museum LA |language=en}}</ref> * '''राजनीतिमा''': ठुला नेताहरूले भ्रष्टाचार वा ठुलो काण्ड गर्छन्, तर अनुसन्धानबाट बच्न आफ्ना साना कार्यकर्ता वा कर्मचारीलाई फसाएर जेल पठाउँछन्। * '''कार्यालयमा''': हाकिमको गलत निर्णयका कारण कम्पनीलाई घाटा हुन्छ, तर जागिरबाट साना कर्मचारीलाई निकालिन्छ। == मनोबिज्ञान == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:दुर्व्यवहार]] fp8o7pztl3t8owrs89t2xfujqy2b8o5 1368024 1368023 2026-07-31T05:47:37Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Scapegoat_&_blacksheep.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|358x358पिक्सेल|युरोपको बलिको बोका, एबेल प्यानको चित्र, १९१५विभिन्न युरोपेली राष्ट्रहरूले विनाशकारी सैन्य पराजय, आर्थिक पतन र आन्तरिक अस्थिरता भोगे। आफ्नो असफल रणनीतिहरूको जिम्मेवारी लिनुको सट्टा, शासक अधिकारीहरू र मिडियाहरूले बारम्बार जनताको क्रोध र निराशालाई यहूदी समुदायहरूतर्फ सारेका थिए।]] '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु भनेको एक प्रमुख दोषी लाई बचाउनको लागि निर्दोष वा कम दोषी व्यक्तिलाई दोष लगाउने वा फसाउने '''कार्य''' हो। बलिको बोका रूपमा बच्चा, कर्मचारी, साथी, कमजोर देश, वा धार्मिक समुदायलाई बनाउन सक्छ। [[राजनीति|राजनीतिमा]] बलिको बोका बनाउनु एउटा प्रमुख रणनीति हो। वास्तविक गल्ती वा अपराध अर्कै शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति वा समूहले गरेको हुन्छ, तर आफू बच्नका लागि कुनै कमजोर वा निर्दोष व्यक्तिलाई अघि सारिन्छ। == उदाहरण == यो उखान विशेष गरी राजनीति, कार्यालय र समाजमा धेरै प्रयोग हुन्छ: व्यवस्थापनमा, '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु एक अभ्यास हो जसमा तल्लो कर्मचारी कर्मचारीलाई वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको गल्तीको लागि दोषी ठहराइन्छ। यो प्रायः उच्च व्यवस्थापनमा जवाफदेहीताको कमीको कारण हो।<ref name="it-scapegoat">[http://www.pmhut.com/the-art-of-scapegoating-in-it-projects The Art of Scapegoating in IT Projects] PM Hut, 15 October 2009</ref> जर्मनीमा [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]मा जर्मन पराजयको दोष यहुदीहरूमाथी लगाएर बलिको बोका बनाइएको थियो। यसैलाई नाजीहरूले प्रोपागान्डा प्रचार गरेर यहुदीहरूको आम नरसंहार गरेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=History of the Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/holocaust-adolf-hitler-history-genocide-denial |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=History |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=The Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=The National WWII Museum {{!}} New Orleans |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapaport|first1=Elisa|last2=Schabio|first2=William|editor1-last=Polga|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=John|editor2-first=Suki|title=The Holocaust: Remembrance, respect, and resilience|date=2023|publisher=PennState|location=Penn State University, Pennsylvania|url=https://psu.pb.unizin.org/holocaust3rs/chapter/chapter-1/|access-date=18 June 2026|chapter=Propaganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What History Teaches: Scapegoating & the Politics of Othering |url=https://www.holocaustmuseumla.org/event-details/what-history-teaches-scapegoating-the-politics-of-othering |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Holocaust Museum LA |language=en}}</ref> * '''राजनीतिमा''': ठुला नेताहरूले भ्रष्टाचार वा ठुलो काण्ड गर्छन्, तर अनुसन्धानबाट बच्न आफ्ना साना कार्यकर्ता वा कर्मचारीलाई फसाएर जेल पठाउँछन्। * '''कार्यालयमा''': हाकिमको गलत निर्णयका कारण कम्पनीलाई घाटा हुन्छ, तर जागिरबाट साना कर्मचारीलाई निकालिन्छ। == मनोबिज्ञान == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:दुर्व्यवहार]] 8nnch5ycwsm8xbytzjhwknl4n6fa8zm 1368048 1368024 2026-07-31T07:14:36Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368048 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Scapegoat_&_blacksheep.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|358x358पिक्सेल|युरोपको बलिको बोका, एबेल प्यानको चित्र, १९१५<br> विभिन्न युरोपेली राष्ट्रहरूले विनाशकारी सैन्य पराजय, आर्थिक पतन र आन्तरिक अस्थिरता भोगे। आफ्नो असफल रणनीतिहरूको जिम्मेवारी लिनुको सट्टा, शासक अधिकारीहरू र मिडियाहरूले बारम्बार जनताको क्रोध र निराशालाई यहूदी समुदायहरूतर्फ सारेका थिए।]] '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु भनेको एक प्रमुख दोषी लाई बचाउनको लागि निर्दोष वा कम दोषी व्यक्तिलाई दोष लगाउने वा फसाउने '''कार्य''' हो। बलिको बोका रूपमा बच्चा, कर्मचारी, साथी, कमजोर देश, वा धार्मिक समुदायलाई बनाउन सक्छ। [[राजनीति|राजनीतिमा]] बलिको बोका बनाउनु एउटा प्रमुख रणनीति हो। वास्तविक गल्ती वा अपराध अर्कै शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति वा समूहले गरेको हुन्छ, तर आफू बच्नका लागि कुनै कमजोर वा निर्दोष व्यक्तिलाई अघि सारिन्छ। == उदाहरण == यो उखान विशेष गरी राजनीति, कार्यालय र समाजमा धेरै प्रयोग हुन्छ: व्यवस्थापनमा, '''बलिको बोका''' बनाउनु एक अभ्यास हो जसमा तल्लो कर्मचारी कर्मचारीलाई वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको गल्तीको लागि दोषी ठहराइन्छ। यो प्रायः उच्च व्यवस्थापनमा जवाफदेहीताको कमीको कारण हो।<ref name="it-scapegoat">[http://www.pmhut.com/the-art-of-scapegoating-in-it-projects The Art of Scapegoating in IT Projects] PM Hut, 15 October 2009</ref> जर्मनीमा [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]मा जर्मन पराजयको दोष यहुदीहरूमाथी लगाएर बलिको बोका बनाइएको थियो। यसैलाई नाजीहरूले प्रोपागान्डा प्रचार गरेर यहुदीहरूको आम नरसंहार गरेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=History of the Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/holocaust-adolf-hitler-history-genocide-denial |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=History |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=The Holocaust |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=The National WWII Museum {{!}} New Orleans |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapaport|first1=Elisa|last2=Schabio|first2=William|editor1-last=Polga|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=John|editor2-first=Suki|title=The Holocaust: Remembrance, respect, and resilience|date=2023|publisher=PennState|location=Penn State University, Pennsylvania|url=https://psu.pb.unizin.org/holocaust3rs/chapter/chapter-1/|access-date=18 June 2026|chapter=Propaganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What History Teaches: Scapegoating & the Politics of Othering |url=https://www.holocaustmuseumla.org/event-details/what-history-teaches-scapegoating-the-politics-of-othering |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Holocaust Museum LA |language=en}}</ref> * '''राजनीतिमा''': ठुला नेताहरूले भ्रष्टाचार वा ठुलो काण्ड गर्छन्, तर अनुसन्धानबाट बच्न आफ्ना साना कार्यकर्ता वा कर्मचारीलाई फसाएर जेल पठाउँछन्। * '''कार्यालयमा''': हाकिमको गलत निर्णयका कारण कम्पनीलाई घाटा हुन्छ, तर जागिरबाट साना कर्मचारीलाई निकालिन्छ। == मनोबिज्ञान == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:दुर्व्यवहार]] c7hbtxjcmy05raz1wjoish3ryqgflaa 0 151059 1368031 2026-07-31T06:34:00Z Bishaldev100 28807 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359572667|Krishna Pauroti]]"पृष्ठलाई अनुवाद गरि सृजना गरियो 1368031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो। कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पौरोतीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर fv96ow7goi0ov9mlw7owbwsjjiy3suh 1368032 1368031 2026-07-31T06:34:33Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = Krishna Bahadur Rajkarnikar | hq_location = [[Kamal Pokhari]], [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] | area_served = [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] | key_people = Krishna Bahadur Rajkarnikar | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = [[Food]] | products = [[Bread]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|Where Krishna Pauroti originally started it is still in operation at the same place.]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो। कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पौरोतीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर p6jqxx8b8lp8ake2yeyaxhtm9i3zulp 1368033 1368032 2026-07-31T06:35:52Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = Krishna Bahadur Rajkarnikar | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|Where Krishna Pauroti originally started it is still in operation at the same place.]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो। कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पौरोतीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर 36wk9akl80gl1fcttdnquvqsb0tebvp 1368035 1368033 2026-07-31T06:36:14Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|Where Krishna Pauroti originally started it is still in operation at the same place.]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो। कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पौरोतीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर 3ty6epmbug00rzzbw7jbh7k4oekar1w 1368036 1368035 2026-07-31T06:37:13Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|Where Krishna Pauroti originally started it is still in operation at the same place.]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पौरोतीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 0pufhpdnqe0vj3jeukdvec28dpo34ix 1368037 1368036 2026-07-31T06:37:37Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|Where Krishna Pauroti originally started it is still in operation at the same place.]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 0zrv1nas8mu7vc7j3hqkz1q55mwzsjd 1368038 1368037 2026-07-31T06:38:17Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इतिहास */ 1368038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र कमलपोखरी, खुसीभुन, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 4ee3jy4xnvsilr4u2pyhge3etgek905 1368039 1368038 2026-07-31T06:38:45Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} i7v0t1nqnktgfyu8kwq1ezt1wopb06f 1368041 1368039 2026-07-31T06:40:39Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1368041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले पाउरोटी खाएका थिए । नेपाल फर्केपछि कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले आफूले जे देखे त्यही आफ्नै देशमा व्यवसाय सुरु गर्ने विचार गरे। अन्ततः सन् १९४८ मा कृष्ण पाउरोटी को स्थापना भयो। यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] mgxf76cb5xgj5btirp1ckukxfgghfth 1368043 1368041 2026-07-31T06:46:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इतिहास */ 1368043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = Private | logo = Krishna Pauroti logo.png | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = बेकरी | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == सन् १९४४ मा भारतको [[कोलकाता]] भ्रमणको क्रममा, उनी कालीघाटमा रहेको काली मन्दिर (देवी कालीको मन्दिर) गएका थिए। त्यहाँ भक्तजनहरूको ठूलो भीड थियो। श्री राजकर्णिकारले १०-११ वर्षीया बालिकालाई फसेको देखे र उनले धेरै कठिनाइका साथ उनलाई उद्धार गरे। केटीका बुबा उनीसँग धेरै खुसी भए। उनले श्री राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो घरमा लगे र केही दिनको लागि पाहुनाको रूपमा राखे। ती व्यक्ति फिर्पोज नामक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी बेकर कम्पनीमा काम गर्ने प्रमुख रोटी/रोटी बनाउने व्यक्ति थिए जहाँ उनले श्री: राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा अनुसार रोटी (रोटी) बनाउन तालिम दिए। उनले राम्रो तालिम लिए र काठमाडौँ फर्किए। त्यसपछि उनले नेपालमा पहिलो पटक पाउरोटी बनाउन थाले। नेपाली खाद्य जगतमा पाउरोटी र केकको परिचय दिने उनले नै थिए। सन् १९४९ मा उनले कमलपोखरीमा कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डारको नाममा रोटी कारखाना स्थापना गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://krishnapauroti.com/about/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Krishna Pauroti |language=en-US}}</ref>[[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] nctmwn54vrknwc9s9ys9bgut01hiicl 1368045 1368043 2026-07-31T06:48:49Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = निजी | logo = | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = खाद्य उत्पादन | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == सन् १९४४ मा भारतको [[कोलकाता]] भ्रमणको क्रममा, उनी कालीघाटमा रहेको काली मन्दिर (देवी कालीको मन्दिर) गएका थिए। त्यहाँ भक्तजनहरूको ठूलो भीड थियो। श्री राजकर्णिकारले १०-११ वर्षीया बालिकालाई फसेको देखे र उनले धेरै कठिनाइका साथ उनलाई उद्धार गरे। केटीका बुबा उनीसँग धेरै खुसी भए। उनले श्री राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो घरमा लगे र केही दिनको लागि पाहुनाको रूपमा राखे। ती व्यक्ति फिर्पोज नामक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी बेकर कम्पनीमा काम गर्ने प्रमुख रोटी/रोटी बनाउने व्यक्ति थिए जहाँ उनले श्री: राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा अनुसार रोटी (रोटी) बनाउन तालिम दिए। उनले राम्रो तालिम लिए र काठमाडौँ फर्किए। त्यसपछि उनले नेपालमा पहिलो पटक पाउरोटी बनाउन थाले। नेपाली खाद्य जगतमा पाउरोटी र केकको परिचय दिने उनले नै थिए। सन् १९४९ मा उनले कमलपोखरीमा कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डारको नाममा रोटी कारखाना स्थापना गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://krishnapauroti.com/about/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Krishna Pauroti |language=en-US}}</ref>[[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] hrri0n40qbvdzi7z0xr4qd8qxuh3vhu 1368046 1368045 2026-07-31T06:52:38Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Krishna Pauroti | native_name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | type = निजी | logo = | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = खाद्य उत्पादन | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_pauroti_3.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार]] सन् १९४४ मा भारतको [[कोलकाता]] भ्रमणको क्रममा, उनी कालीघाटमा रहेको काली मन्दिर (देवी कालीको मन्दिर) गएका थिए। त्यहाँ भक्तजनहरूको ठूलो भीड थियो। श्री राजकर्णिकारले १०-११ वर्षीया बालिकालाई फसेको देखे र उनले धेरै कठिनाइका साथ उनलाई उद्धार गरे। केटीका बुबा उनीसँग धेरै खुसी भए। उनले श्री राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो घरमा लगे र केही दिनको लागि पाहुनाको रूपमा राखे। ती व्यक्ति फिर्पोज नामक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी बेकर कम्पनीमा काम गर्ने प्रमुख रोटी/रोटी बनाउने व्यक्ति थिए जहाँ उनले श्री: राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा अनुसार रोटी (रोटी) बनाउन तालिम दिए। उनले राम्रो तालिम लिए र काठमाडौँ फर्किए। त्यसपछि उनले नेपालमा पहिलो पटक पाउरोटी बनाउन थाले। नेपाली खाद्य जगतमा पाउरोटी र केकको परिचय दिने उनले नै थिए। सन् १९४९ मा उनले कमलपोखरीमा कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डारको नाममा रोटी कारखाना स्थापना गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://krishnapauroti.com/about/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Krishna Pauroti |language=en-US}}</ref>[[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] tfisv0ccp1cgrufc0zxnaujc54fswcb 1368047 1368046 2026-07-31T06:54:16Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | native_name = | type = निजी | logo = | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = खाद्य उत्पादन | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_pauroti_3.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार]] सन् १९४४ मा भारतको [[कोलकाता]] भ्रमणको क्रममा, उनी कालीघाटमा रहेको काली मन्दिर (देवी कालीको मन्दिर) गएका थिए। त्यहाँ भक्तजनहरूको ठूलो भीड थियो। श्री राजकर्णिकारले १०-११ वर्षीया बालिकालाई फसेको देखे र उनले धेरै कठिनाइका साथ उनलाई उद्धार गरे। केटीका बुबा उनीसँग धेरै खुसी भए। उनले श्री राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो घरमा लगे र केही दिनको लागि पाहुनाको रूपमा राखे। ती व्यक्ति फिर्पोज नामक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी बेकर कम्पनीमा काम गर्ने प्रमुख रोटी/रोटी बनाउने व्यक्ति थिए जहाँ उनले श्री: राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा अनुसार रोटी (रोटी) बनाउन तालिम दिए। उनले राम्रो तालिम लिए र काठमाडौँ फर्किए। त्यसपछि उनले नेपालमा पहिलो पटक पाउरोटी बनाउन थाले। नेपाली खाद्य जगतमा पाउरोटी र केकको परिचय दिने उनले नै थिए। सन् १९४९ मा उनले कमलपोखरीमा कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डारको नाममा रोटी कारखाना स्थापना गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://krishnapauroti.com/about/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Krishna Pauroti |language=en-US}}</ref>[[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] 2775u5z4lt5nooamo4eib67s5imwqzw 1368113 1368047 2026-07-31T10:18:19Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इतिहास */ 1368113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | native_name = | type = निजी | logo = | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = खाद्य उत्पादन | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_pauroti_3.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार]] सन् १९४४ मा भारतको [[कोलकाता]] भ्रमणको क्रममा, राजकर्णिकार कालीघाटमा रहेको काली मन्दिर (देवी कालीको मन्दिर) गएका थिए। त्यहाँ भक्तजनहरूको ठूलो भीड थियो। श्री उनले १०-११ वर्षीया बालिकालाई फसेको देखे र उनले धेरै कठिनाइका साथ उनलाई उद्धार गरे। केटीका बुबा उनीसँग धेरै खुसी भए। उनले राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो घरमा लगे र केही दिनको लागि पाहुनाको रूपमा राखे। ती व्यक्ति फिर्पोज नामक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी बेकर कम्पनीमा काम गर्ने प्रमुख रोटी/रोटी बनाउने व्यक्ति थिए जहाँ उनले श्री: राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा अनुसार रोटी (रोटी) बनाउन तालिम दिए। उनले राम्रो तालिम लिए र काठमाडौँ फर्किए। त्यसपछि उनले नेपालमा पहिलो पटक पाउरोटी बनाउन थाले। नेपाली खाद्य जगतमा पाउरोटी र केकको परिचय दिने उनले नै थिए। सन् १९४९ मा उनले कमलपोखरीमा कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डारको नाममा रोटी कारखाना स्थापना गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://krishnapauroti.com/about/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Krishna Pauroti |language=en-US}}</ref>[[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] de651wqas2c4nxr09m5u2zsy5vohkb4 1368114 1368113 2026-07-31T10:18:55Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1368114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = कृष्ण पाउराेटी | native_name = | type = निजी | logo = | founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1948}} | founder = कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | hq_location = [[कमल पोखरी]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | area_served = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | key_people =कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकर | num_employees = 100+ <small>(2020)</small> | industry = खाद्य उत्पादन | products = [[पाउरोटी]] | num_locations = 6 | num_locations_year = | production = | owner = | website = https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ }} [[File:Krishna pauroti 2.jpg|thumb|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार, सुरुवात भएको ठाँउ ]] '''कृष्ण पाउरोटी''' एक [[नेपाल|नेपाली]] बेकरी ब्रान्ड हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/06/13/Leisure/3350|title=Give us our daily bread |last=Basnyat|first=Sraddha |date=13–19 June 2003|publisher=[[Nepali Times]]|access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref> कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरद्वारा १९४८ मा कमल पोखरी, [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं, नेपाल]] मा स्थापना भएको थियो। हाल काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभित्र [[कमल पोखरी|कमलपोखरी]], खुसीभु, खुमलटार, सातदोबाटो–टिकभैरब सडक, हात्तीबन र महालक्ष्मी लगायत ६ स्थानबाट सञ्चालनमा आएको छ । द हिमालयन टाइम्सका संवाददाता काई वेइसले कृष्ण पाउरोटीलाई "नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी"को रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका थिए। त्यसभन्दा पहिले देशमा मानिसहरूले घरमा पकाउने काम गर्थे। तर जब व्यावसायिक सञ्चालन वा बेकिङ पेशाको स्थापनाको कुरा आउँछ, कृष्ण पाउरोटीबाहेक अरू कुनै व्यवसाय यसभन्दा पहिले अभिलेख छैन। == इतिहास == [[चित्र:Krishna_pauroti_3.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डार]] सन् १९४४ मा भारतको [[कोलकाता]] भ्रमणको क्रममा, राजकर्णिकार कालीघाटमा रहेको काली मन्दिर (देवी कालीको मन्दिर) गएका थिए। त्यहाँ भक्तजनहरूको ठूलो भीड थियो। श्री उनले १०-११ वर्षीया बालिकालाई फसेको देखे र उनले धेरै कठिनाइका साथ उनलाई उद्धार गरे। केटीका बुबा उनीसँग धेरै खुसी भए। उनले राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो घरमा लगे र केही दिनको लागि पाहुनाको रूपमा राखे। ती व्यक्ति फिर्पोज नामक प्रसिद्ध अंग्रेजी बेकर कम्पनीमा काम गर्ने प्रमुख रोटी/रोटी बनाउने व्यक्ति थिए जहाँ उनले श्री: राजकर्णिकारलाई आफ्नो इच्छा अनुसार रोटी (रोटी) बनाउन तालिम दिए। उनले राम्रो तालिम लिए र काठमाडौँ फर्किए। त्यसपछि उनले नेपालमा पहिलो पटक पाउरोटी बनाउन थाले। नेपाली खाद्य जगतमा पाउरोटी र केकको परिचय दिने उनले नै थिए। सन् १९४९ मा उनले कमलपोखरीमा कृष्ण पाउरोटी भण्डारको नाममा रोटी कारखाना स्थापना गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://krishnapauroti.com/about/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |website=Krishna Pauroti |language=en-US}}</ref>[[चित्र:Krishna_Bahadur_Rajkarnikar.png|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|कृष्णबहादुर राजकर्णीकरले नेपालको पहिलो बेकरी कृष्ण पाउरोटी स्थापना गरे।]] यसको सुरुवातदेखि नै नेपालमा पाउरोटी र बेकरीको पर्यायवाची बनेको थियो । <ref>{{cite web|url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/51466/ |title=Krishna Pauroti: A slice of history |accessdate=8 July 2025}}</ref> == विविध उत्पादन == सामान्य बेकरी परिकारहरूसँगै कृष्ण पाउरोटीले केही विशिष्ट नेपाली अन्नका प्रजातिहरू पकाउँछन्, जस्तै कोदो, फापर ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [https://www.krishnapauroti.com/ वेबसाइट] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँको अर्थतन्त्र]] io66ayqf5ktx3nyq5yps7smualgf64q 10 151060 1368056 2009-02-26T03:56:32Z en>J JMesserly 0 similar to {{tl|birth date}} except readable inputs. See also {{tl|start-date}} 1368056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{1|{{{ISO8601|}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 25y5xryd3pbwwmdfheje9948ko52ji4 1368057 1368056 2009-02-27T22:11:37Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{1|{{{ISO8601|}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{ymd|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 9xg8iwqeitcono6fz668gpwdbsmo9n7 1368058 1368057 2009-02-27T22:14:18Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{1|{{{ISO8601|{{{ymd|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{ymd|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 5pc6tgemfls592eo13ckdr5h0nxqp5i 1368059 1368058 2009-02-27T23:19:33Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{ISO8601|{{{ymd|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{ymd|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> fpj2ye9s2ha6zv5ds4dje2x6aaus18y 1368060 1368059 2009-02-27T23:23:09Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d TH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 0vz52cki6clx5pixrb43rbk3krj4ijs 1368061 1368060 2009-02-28T07:31:31Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> m98lu61x7fts8qtpj6avk2assz2vbwr 1368062 1368061 2009-03-03T00:44:09Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{{1|{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> p6u3136pp5eiyqoe17309j1dl4ulrko 1368063 1368062 2009-03-04T19:03:50Z en>J JMesserly 0 1368063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{{1|0009-11}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> m3qn30o4k61ho1e29kez4c9143xg4i1 1368064 1368063 2009-03-13T06:44:58Z en>J JMesserly 0 strip spaces 1368064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> a2xygqiuuqguj17dr0rhll2cwla6kmn 1368065 1368064 2009-03-14T18:35:15Z 70.20.84.9 proposed merge to better designed template, which is one of the TFD criterea. this template should be merged into the heavily used birth date 1368065 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Merge|Birth date}}</noinclude>{{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> j1lu6plglu88jq7w8wlopni7186k5nt 1368066 1368065 2009-03-15T17:40:11Z en>J JMesserly 0 moved merge template to doc where it belongs 1368066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> a2xygqiuuqguj17dr0rhll2cwla6kmn 1368067 1368066 2009-04-07T20:53:42Z en>J JMesserly 0 flush cache 1368067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> iqrv58rrl8gt2sjj2ndo086ibs6i1is 1368068 1368067 2009-04-24T20:51:08Z en>Zzuuzz 0 Protected Template:Birth-date: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High risk template]] ([edit=autoconfirmed] (indefinite) [move=autoconfirmed] (indefinite)) 1368067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> iqrv58rrl8gt2sjj2ndo086ibs6i1is 1368069 1368068 2010-09-12T02:44:09Z en>HJ Mitchell 0 Changed protection level of Template:Birth-date: [[WP:HRT|Highly visible template]] on [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Unprotected templates with many transclusions/1]]. Changes can be requested at [[WP:RFUP]] using [[WP:TW|TW]] ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [m 1368067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> iqrv58rrl8gt2sjj2ndo086ibs6i1is 1368070 1368069 2010-09-13T23:02:59Z en>HJ Mitchell 0 Changed protection level of Template:Birth-date: restoring semi-protection per ANI discussion. Requests for changes of prot level to [[WP:RfPP]]. using [[WP:TW|TW]] ([edit=autoconfirmed] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)) 1368067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> iqrv58rrl8gt2sjj2ndo086ibs6i1is 1368071 1368070 2015-02-16T11:22:13Z en>Jc86035 0 1368071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 6u4w6fjnditoru9f0o0itced13azb0o 1368072 1368071 2015-02-16T11:27:58Z en>Jc86035 0 1368072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{display|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> pm0gvveaqq2kyvp4tsingw6mokr2ryi 1368073 1368072 2015-04-17T07:47:44Z en>Zyxw 0 removed {{{2}}} and {{{display}}} from check for invalid parameters, both are used in template and that put [[Template:Birth-date and age]] and all pages using it into [[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]] 1368073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 6u4w6fjnditoru9f0o0itced13azb0o 1368074 1368073 2015-08-11T16:17:27Z en>M777 0 + - arz temporarily, bots will move it to Wikidata later 1368074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude>[[arz:قالب:Birth-date]] hy9buo1m5c8vhxn2vbuma50kvroj9u1 1368075 1368074 2015-08-11T16:38:31Z en>Edokter 0 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/M777|M777]] ([[User talk:M777|talk]]) to last version by Zyxw 1368075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 6u4w6fjnditoru9f0o0itced13azb0o 1368076 1368075 2017-01-15T05:55:02Z en>Samsara 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:Birth-date]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]: interim protection given low activity, awaiting further comment at RfPP; >14k transclusions ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite)... 1368075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> 6u4w6fjnditoru9f0o0itced13azb0o 1368077 1368076 2019-01-12T23:13:51Z en>Zyxw 0 add Wikidata tracking 1368077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}{{#if:{{#property:P569}}||{{Main other|[[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]]}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} [[Category:Templates generating hCalendars]]</noinclude> th6fpldwvr2eb5wkt17di5ggclcw37d 1368078 1368077 2019-01-15T03:03:26Z en>Zyxw 0 update Wikidata tracking, remove category which already exists in /doc 1368078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}{{#if:{{#property:P569}}||{{#if:{{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}}|{{Main other|[[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]]}}|{{Main other|[[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]]}}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 2ilhdimz3dode33yzcmm1927zpnu3nw 1368079 1368078 2019-01-15T12:07:22Z en>Zyxw 0 update Wikidata tracking 1368079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}{{#if:{{#property:P569}}||{{#if:{{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}}|{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:Wikidata|getPropertyIDs|P31|FETCH_WIKIDATA}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}}|{{Main other|[[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]]}}}}|{{Main other|[[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]]}}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> bss1zmwil6nab39vfkoaaqa08lz7o46 1368080 1368079 2019-01-19T05:20:26Z en>Zyxw 0 update Wikidata tracking, tested with /sandbox and articles 1368080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#if:{{{df|}}}|[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters]]}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:Wikidata|getPropertyIDs|P31|FETCH_WIKIDATA}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#property:P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 4p7bchoeybi8eb2dvtso0wtkdfmxgaa 1368081 1368080 2019-05-08T09:49:33Z en>Jc86035 0 use [[Module:Check for unknown parameters]] 1368081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:Wikidata|getPropertyIDs|P31|FETCH_WIKIDATA}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#property:P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 256st1b8d02d36n8412h857fr9hgv5r 1368082 1368081 2020-06-07T01:37:22Z en>Uzume 0 update tracking to use [[Module:Wd]] instead of the unmaintained and deprecated [[Module:Wikidata]] 1368082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{Four digit|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> okhut1c0xri2wk1sgpnsr51gcw1mc9c 1368083 1368082 2021-06-15T17:05:01Z en>Frietjes 0 reduce complexity by using padleft: parserfunction directly 1368083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 2oxvs8crl9nb417jjae3s8armefbpoq 1368084 1368083 2023-09-15T17:33:58Z en>RMCD bot 0 Notifying subject page of move discussion on [[Template talk:Birth-date#Requested move 15 September 2023|Template talk:Birth-date]] 1368084 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Template:Birth date text|2=Template talk:Birth-date#Requested move 15 September 2023}} </noinclude>{{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 1yltvh5533sji5hkvruvfk4660ayg4q 1368085 1368084 2023-09-22T22:36:50Z en>RMCD bot 0 Removing notice of move discussion 1368085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 2oxvs8crl9nb417jjae3s8armefbpoq 1368086 1368085 2023-09-23T15:22:53Z en>Amakuru 0 Amakuru moved page [[Template:Birth-date]] to [[Template:Birth date text]]: [[Special:Permalink/1176713239|Requested]] by MaterialWorks at [[WP:RM/TR]]: Per [[Template talk:Birth-date#Requested move 15 September 2023|Template talk:Birth-date §&nbsp;Requested move 15 September 2023]]. 1368085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}}}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start-date/doc}} </noinclude> 2oxvs8crl9nb417jjae3s8armefbpoq 1368087 1368086 2025-02-13T15:28:25Z en>Gonnym 0 update 1368087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using Birth date text with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|1|2|ISO8601|dt|display|timezone|tz|BCE|BC|class-extra|test}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start date text/doc}} </noinclude> q2c9nx5ekd08e5h91uqwgzdlqbfbhvi 1368088 1368087 2025-03-13T14:59:38Z en>Gonnym 0 update unknown checking 1368088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}} }}<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using Birth date text with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Birth date text]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | BC | BCE | class-extra | display | dt | ISO8601 | test | timezone | tz }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start date text/doc}} </noinclude> a3l6s0xst4gswfoxzktpueluj1eeg3p 1368089 1368088 2026-07-31T08:09:32Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[:en:Template:Birth_date_text]] बाट ३३ संशोधन(हरू) 1368088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:<span style="display:none">{{#time: Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}</span>|Not recognized as a date. Years must have 4 digits (use leading zeros for years < 1000).|{{#iferror:{{Date-mf|{{#ifeq:{{{1| }}}| |{{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}}|{{{1|}}}}}|{{{2|{{{display|}}}}}}|timezone={{{timezone|{{{tz|}}}}}} |up-date={{#ifeq:"{{lc:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}"|"{{padleft:{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|4|0}}"|<!--Here if Test1 satisfied: see talk -->{{#time:Y|{{#expr:{{{1|0009-11}}}+3000}}}}//{{#if:{{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}}|-1 year, |+1 year, }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:((abs({{{1|0009-11}}}))< 1900) and ({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}} >1900) | {{#ifexpr:({{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}) <2000|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1100}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+1000}} }} |{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}|{{#expr:{{#time:Y|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}+3000}}}}<!--done with year -->{{#ifeq:{{#time:d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}} }}|{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{{1|0009-11}}}|{{#time:d}}}}|01}} 00:00:00|{{#time:-m|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m/+1 month, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00:00|{{#time:-m-d|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-d/+1 day, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00:00|{{#time:-m-d H:00|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH/+1 hour, |{{#ifeq:{{#time:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}|00|{{#time:-m-d H:i|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i/+1 minute, |{{#time:-m-d H:i:s|{{{1|0009-11}}}}}/-m-dTH:i:s/+1 second, }}}}}}}}}} |BCE={{{BCE|{{{BC|}}}}}} |ISO8601={{{ISO8601|{{{dt|}}}}}} |class-extra={{{class-extra|}}} bday<!-- random extra classes to add eg:bday updated --> |class=dtstart |test={{{test|}}} }}|Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.}} }}<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using Birth date text with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Birth date text]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | BC | BCE | class-extra | display | dt | ISO8601 | test | timezone | tz }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Start date text/doc}} </noinclude> a3l6s0xst4gswfoxzktpueluj1eeg3p 828 151062 1368096 2026-07-31T08:27:06Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: return { name = 'सुनसरी जिल्ला', top = 26.98, bottom = 26.47, left = 86.91, right = 87.38, image = 'सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } 1368096 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'सुनसरी जिल्ला', top = 26.98, bottom = 26.47, left = 86.91, right = 87.38, image = 'सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } 5h1jtfnktjphbsx233py4wc31xvzy5i 1368099 1368096 2026-07-31T08:28:13Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368099 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'सुनसरी जिल्ला', top = 26.98, bottom = 26.25, left = 86.91, right = 87.38, image = 'सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } 87osdmh02633vlyfgwx7xpdwgazkcty 1368101 1368099 2026-07-31T08:28:50Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368101 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'सुनसरी जिल्ला', top = 26.98, bottom = 26.35, left = 86.81, right = 87.38, image = 'सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } 5vm08sqkkov8wcvke9xjid6606biien 1368102 1368101 2026-07-31T08:29:08Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368102 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'सुनसरी जिल्ला', top = 26.98, bottom = 26.35, left = 86.81, right = 87.45, image = 'सुनसरी जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } skrmtxdtpjwcfw17dghuv03cmv24otc 1 151063 1368107 2026-07-31T08:35:22Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1368107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 1 151064 1368112 2026-07-31T10:04:48Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{translated page|en|Papadam|version=1363168892}} 1368112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translated page|en|Papadam|version=1363168892}} szax75g716mkianu64sb1a5v8kegiwj 0 151065 1368119 2026-07-31T11:02:19Z Saroj 31493 Sarojद्वारा [[रहर(दाल)]] पृष्ठलाई [[रहर (दाल)]]मा सारियो 1368119 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[रहर (दाल)]] 3ono94gzxqq40ieccug283mnu3ocrrx