विकिपिडिया newiki https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपिडिया विकिपिडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता ढाँचा ढाँचा वार्ता मद्दत मद्दत वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता पोर्टल पोर्टल वार्ता मस्यौदा मस्यौदा वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मोड्युल मोड्युल वार्तालाप Event Event talk 0 6366 1368366 1351001 2026-08-03T14:42:10Z NeoEditor 77577 1368366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info -->| name = वीरगन्ज | other_name = नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[महानगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = Shankharacharya,Gate,Birgunj.jpg | image_caption = भारत-नेपाल सीमाद्वार | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = <!-- NepalSunsariDistrictmap.png --> | mapsize = 300px | map_caption = पर्सा जिल्लाको नक्सामा वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | pushpin_map = Nepal Madhesh Province#Nepal | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = नेपालमा रहेको वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | coordinates = {{coord|27|0|N|84|52|E|region:NP_type:city_source:enwiki-GNS|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location -->| subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मधेश प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]|<!-- Politics --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-2/district-parsa/birgunj?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजेशमान सिंह <small> ([[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जसपा नेपाल]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = इम्तियाज आलम <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेका]]) | established_title = महानगरपालिका घोषित | established_date = वि.स. २०७४/२/१७ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 132.07<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=2&district=22&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 272382 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = धर्मावलम्बी | population_blank2 = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | latd = 27 | latm = 40 | latNS = N | longd = 84 | longm = 17 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_type = type:city(41210)_region:NP | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = पोस्टल कोड | postal_code = ४४३००,४४३०१ | area_code = ०५१ | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://birgunjmun.gov.np birgunjmun.gov.np] | footnotes = | official_name = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका }} '''वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका''' [[नेपाल]]को [[मधेश प्रदेश]] स्थित [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को एक प्रमुख सहर तथा महानगरपालिका हो। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ‘नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार’ भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। यो एउटा व्यापारिक सहर हो। यसलाई कतिपयले आर्थिक राजधानी भन्ने गरेका छन्। वीरगन्ज व्यापार तथा वाणिज्यको प्रमुख केन्द्र पनि हो। वि.सं २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, [[अलौ]], [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]], [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]], [[हरपतगन्ज]], [[लिपनी बिर्ता]], [[मनियारी]], [[रामगढवा]], [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]], [[ सिर्सिया दा.पु.|सिर्सिया दापु]], [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] र [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] गरी ११ वट‍ा पूर्व [[गाविस]]हरूलाई गाभेर तात्कालीन वीरगन्ज उपमहानगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र विस्तार गरिएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, यसलाई महानगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[चोर्नी]], [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]], [[बसडिलवा]], [[लाल पर्सा]] र [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] गरि ५ वटा गाविसहरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। वीरगन्ज सबैभन्दा बढी भन्सार राजश्व दिने नाका हो। यहाँबाट नेपालले [[भारत]] लगायत अन्य मुलुकहरूसँग आयात निर्यातको काम गर्ने गर्दछ। चितवन, काठमाडौँ तथा पोखराका लागि सामान आयात निर्यात गरिन्छ। श्री ३ [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा वि.सं. १९४२-१९५८ [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को अलौ भन्ने स्थानबाट गहवा गाँउमा सदरमुकाम सारिएपछि गहवा गाँउलाई उनैको नाममा वीरगन्ज नामाकरण गरिएको हो। त्यहाँ गहवामाई मन्दिर पनि रहेको छ। ठाकुरराम क्याम्पस का साथै केही अरू कलेज तथा विद्यालय तथा नारायणी अञ्चल अस्पतालका साथै केही नर्सीङ होम समेत रहेको वीरगन्जमा अञ्चल स्तरीय तथा जिल्ला स्तरीय सरकारी कार्यलयहरू पनि छन्। वीरगन्जको एरिया कोड ०५१ हो। ==इतिहास== ===अलौ पर्व=== वि.सं. १९०४ मा [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जङ्गबहादुर]]ले [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा राजेन्द्र]]लाई गद्दिच्युत गरेपछि, जङ्गबहादुर विरुद्ध फौज खडा गरी राजेन्द्र [[अलौ]]मा शिविर बनाएर बसेका थिए। जङ्गबहादुरको सेना सामु राजा राजेन्द्रको सेनाको केही लागेन र राजा राजेन्द्रलाई बन्दी बनाइयो। यस घटनालाई [[अलौ पर्व]] भनिन्छ। ===वीर शमशेर=== तत्कालीन [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|श्री ३ वीर शम्शेर]]ले वि.सं. १९४५ देखि १९५० को बीचमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गरेको अनुमान छ। वीर शम्शेरले स्थापना गरेको हुनाले यसको नाम वीरगन्ज रहन भएको हो भन्ने भनाइ रहेको छ। वीरगन्ज स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि पर्सा जिल्लाको मुख्य केन्द्र अलौं थियो। वीरगन्ज बजारको स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि यस आसपासका गाउँहरू बगही, [[अलौं]], बरेवा, कलैया, प्रसौनी, [[इनरुवा]], छपकैया, अस्तित्वमा आइसकेका थिए। कलैयाबाट प्रसौनी, इनरवा गाउँ हुँदै छपकैया भएर अलौं जाने सानो बाटो थियो, उक्त बाटोलाई रजैया सडक भनिन्थ्यो। <Ref>"वीरगन्जको नालीबेली" जयविक्रम शाह जयारानी शाह प्रकाशन २०६१ बैशाख </ref> जङ्गलले ढाकेको स्थानमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गर्न श्री ३ वीर शम्शेरले आफ्ना विश्वासपात्र द्वय सिद्धवीर माथेमा र ध्वजवीर माथेमा (दुई दाजुभाइ) लाई क्रमशः माल अड्डा तथा काठ माल अड्डाको हाकिम बनाई वीरगन्जमा खटाएका थिए। त्यसै सिलसिलामा सिद्धवीर माथेमाले निःशुल्क जग्गा तथा काठ वितरण गर्नुका साथै वीरगन्जमा घर बनाउनेहरूलाई नगदको व्यवस्था गरी सहयोग पुर्याएका थिए। उक्त कार्यले पछि चन्द्र शमशेरको पालामा सिद्धवीर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय समेत भुक्तान गर्नु पर्ने अवस्था आइसकेको थियो। ===चन्द्र शम्शेर=== वीर शम्शेरको वि.सं. १९५७ मा मृत्यु भए पछि श्री ३ [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देवशम्शेर]] महाराज भए। तर [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शम्शेर]]ले षडयन्त्र गरी तीन महिना भित्रै देवशम्शेरलाई अपदस्त गरी आफैं श्री ३ महाराजा बने। स्व. वीरशम्शेर र देवशम्शेरका मान्छेहरूलाई चन्द्र शम्शेर देखी सहँदैनथे। वीर शम्शेरका खास मान्छे सिद्धवीर माथेमामाथि रिसइवी साँधी उनले सम्हालेको माल अड्डा जाँच गराउन लगाई माथेमामाथि तीन लाख अनियमितता गरेको आरोप लगाइयो। सिद्धवीरले वीरगन्ज बजार बसाल्नमा खर्च गरिएको हिसाब देखाउँदा त्यसलाई अमान्य ठहर गरियो र तत्काल रकम तिर्न आदेश जारी भयो। माथेमाले आफूले नखाएकाले रकम तिर्न नसक्ने जवाफ दिएपछि सजाय स्वरूप छातीमा साइनबोर्ड टाँसेर बाजागाजा सहित बजार परिक्रमा गराउँदै मच्छाखुशीमा लगेर काटी मारीदिनु भन्ने [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को मौखिक फैसला भयो। खाइ नखाई अहोरात्र खटेर वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापनामा वीर शम्शेरलाई सहयोग पुर्याउने माथेमा माथि मृत्युदण्डको फैसला भएको खबर सुनेपछि स्व. श्री ३ वीरशम्शेरकी महारानीले आफ्नो तर्फबाट रु. तीन लाख रकम तिरिदिएर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजायबाट छुटकारा दिलाइन्। चन्द्र शम्शेरले आफ्ना दाइले स्थापना गरेको वीरगन्ज बजारलाई समेत विस्थापित गर्न चाहेका थिए। उनी वीरगन्जको बजारलाई त्यहाँबाट हटाएर [[रौतहट जिल्ला|रौतहट]]को हजमिनियामा बसाल्न चाहन्थे। बजार विस्थापित गर्ने चाल अनुसार वि.सं. १९८० मा [[रक्सौल]]देखि वीरगन्जको मुख्य बजार अतिक्रमण गर्दै [[अमलेखगञ्ज|अमलेखगंज]]सम्म [[नेपाल गभर्मेन्ट रेलवे|रेल लाइन सेवा]] विस्तार गरे। लिंकबाट रेल कुद्दा आसपासका घरहरू चर्कने, फुट्ने र बासिन्दाहरू आतंकित हुने गर्थे तर वीरगन्जबासीहरू अनेक विन्ती भाउ गर्दै रेललाइन बजार बाहिर सार्न अनुरोध गर्नतर्फ लागे तर उनी हजमिनिया जान तयार भएनन्। पछि रेल्वे लिंक बजारको पूर्वतर्फ (बजार बाहिर) सारिएको थियो।<ref>[http://birgunjmun.gov.np/ne/node/193 वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका "औद्योगिक तथा व्यापारिक शहर सुसंस्कृत, सभ्य हाम्रो वीरगन्ज महानगर" » परिचय » सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय]</ref> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या २,७२,३८२ रहेको छ। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ३२ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू/गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || वीरगन्ज (१) || ८,८४१ || ०.८६ || १०,२८०.२३ |- | २ || वीरगन्ज (२) || ९,२८१ || २.०५ || ४,५२७.३२ |- | ३ || वीरगन्ज (३) || ७,६०४ || ०.५७ || १३,३४०.३५ |- | ४ || वीरगन्ज (४-५) || ३,२८५ || ०.२५ || १३,१४०.०० |- | ५ || वीरगन्ज (६) || ४,४४० || ०.१८ || २४,६६६.६७ |- | ६ || वीरगन्ज (७-८,११) || ३,५६४ || ०.२६ || १३,७०७.६९ |- | ७ || वीरगन्ज (९) || ४,१४१ || ०.१५ || २७,६०६.६७ |- | ८ || वीरगन्ज (१०) || ५,००८ || ०.३८ || १३,१७८.९५ |- | ९ || वीरगन्ज (१२) || ४,१३३ || ०.२६ || १५,८९६.१५ |- | १० || वीरगन्ज (१३) || १४,९४३ || १.३ || ११,४९४.६२ |- | ११ || वीरगन्ज (१४) || १४,७१८ || ०.९८ || १५,०१८.३७ |- | १२ || वीरगन्ज (१५) || ९,४९९ || ०.६१ || १५,५७२.१३ |- | १३ || वीरगन्ज (१६) || १२,१९३ || १.०२ || ११,९५३.९२ |- | १४ || वीरगन्ज (१७) || १२,६६७ || २.६५ || ४,७८०.०० |- | १५ || वीरगन्ज (१८) || १५,७७१ || ४.७५ || ३,३२०.२१ |- | १६ || वीरगन्ज (१९) || २१,३७५ || ४.९३ || ४,३३५.७० |- | १७ || [[अलौ]] || ९,७६५ || ५.०९ || १,९१८.४७ |- | १८ || [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]] || ८,१९८ || ५.३४ || १,५३५.२० |- | १९ || [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]] || ५,९७१ || ३.५९ || १,६६३.२३ |- | २० || [[हरपतगन्ज]] || ७,६४८ || ४.४ || १,७३८.१८ |- | २१ || [[लिपनी बिर्ता]] || ८,४२६ || ५.७४ || १,४६७.९४ |- | २२ || [[मनियारी]] || ४,७९७ || ५.०८ || ९४४.२९ |- | २३ || [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]] || ५,३४३ || ३.०१ || १,७७५.०८ |- | २४ || [[रामगढवा]] || १०,२७७ || ४.६७ || २,२००.६४ |- | २५ || [[सिर्सिया दा.पु.]] || ४,३६२ || २.८३ || १,५४१.३४ |- | २६ || [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] || ६,५०९ || ४.८८ || १,३३३.८१ |- | २७ || [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] || ७,४०० || ९.४४ || ७८३.९० |- | २८ || [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]] || ७,३८० || ७.३५ || १,००४.०८ |- | २९ || [[बसडिलवा]] || ७,८५८ || ६.८८ || १,१४२.१५ |- | ३० || [[लाल पर्सा|लालपर्सा]] || ५,१३८ || ४.८६ || १,०५७.२० |- | ३१ || [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] || १०,४४४ || २८.३४ || ३६८.५३ |- | ३२ || [[चोर्नी]] || ११,४०३ || ९.४ || १,२१३.०९ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! २,७२,३८२ !! १३२.१ !! २,०६१.९४ |} == भौगोलिक अवस्थिति == मुलुकको आर्थिक राजधानी र प्रवेशद्वारको रूपमा परिचित औद्योगिक एवं व्यापारिक सहर वीरगन्जको स्थापना राणा प्रधानमन्त्री वीरशम्शेरले सन् १८९७ (वि.सं.१९५४)मा गरेको हुनाले उनकै नाउँमा उक्त सहरको नाम रहेको हो। भारत [[चम्पारण जिल्ला]]को सीमावर्ती बजार रक्सौलबाट करिब तीन कि.मी. को दूरीमा र नेपालको दक्षिणी तराई क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित उक्त सहर समुद्री सतहदेखि सरदर ९१ मीटर उचाइमा छ। पूर्व र उत्तरमा [[बारा जिल्ला]], पश्चिममा [[रामगठवा]], पर्सैनीविर्ता र सिर्सिया खतवाटोल गाविस र दक्षिणमा छिमेकी मुलुक भारत रहेको उक्त सहर पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम पनि हो। [[त्रिभुवन राजपथ]] र [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]] जोड्ने [[पथलैया]]बाट २८ कि.मी. उत्तर र काठमाडौँ हवाइमार्गबाट १५ मिनेटको दूरीमा अवस्थित तथा [[सिमरा विमानस्थल]]बाट अत्यन्त नजीकै वीरगन्जमा [[नेवार जाति|नेवार]], [[ब्राह्मण|बाहुन]], [[क्षेत्री]], [[मुसलमान]], [[थारू जाति|थारू]], [[कुर्मी]], [[यादव]], [[कानु]], [[तेली]], [[कलवार]], [[कोइरी]], [[चमार]], [[दुसाध]], [[मल्लाह]], [[मारवाडी]], [[तामाङ जाति|तामाङ]] आदि जाति पारस्परिक सद्भावका साथ बसोवास गर्दै आएका छन्। वीरगन्ज पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम हो। पर्सा जिल्लाको नामकरण यहाको महुवन् मथवलमा रहेको पारसनाथको मन्दिरको नामबाट गरिएको हो। == रितिथिति == वि.सं. २०१० मा नगरपालिका घोषणा भएको वीरगन्जमा विशेषगरी [[दसैँ|दशैं]], [[तिहार]], [[छठ]], [[वार्तालाप:माघे सङ्क्रान्ति|मकर संक्रान्ति]], [[राम नवमी|रामनवमी]], [[होली|फागु]], [[कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी|कृष्णाष्टमी]], [[भीमसेन जात्रा]], [[महाशिवरात्रि|शिवरात्री]] र [[वसन्त पञ्चमी|श्रीपञ्चमी]] आदि चाडपर्व मनाउने [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]], [[बुद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]], [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] र [[इसाई धर्म|ईसाई]] धर्मावलम्वी छन्। धार्मिक सहिष्णुता रहेको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा हिन्दुधर्म र दर्शनको दिग्दर्शन हुने [[शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगञ्ज)|शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगन्ज)]], वौद्ध चैत्य-विहार, सङ्गीतमय फोहरासहित [[घडिअर्वा पोखरी]], [[गहवामाई मन्दिर]], [[नैतले काली मन्दिर]], [[घण्टाघर (वीरगञ्ज)|घण्टाघर (वीरगन्ज)]], [[भारतीय रेल्वे]] सञ्जालसँग जोडिएको नेपालको एक मात्र सुख्खा बन्दरगाह ([[वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह|वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह]] ), [[तरण ताल]] (स्वीमिंग पुल), महावीर मन्दिर, [[विर्तामाई मन्दिर]], [[हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगञ्ज)|हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगन्ज)]] र [[अलखिया]] लगायत विविध धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय स्थल छन् भने काठमाडौँ बाहिर भारतीय महावाणिज्य दूतावास र परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयको सम्पर्क कार्यालय वीरगन्जमा मात्र स्थापना भएको छ। विशेषगरी [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[नेपाली]], [[नेवारी (स्पष्टता)|नेवारी]], [[मैथिली भाषा|मैथिली]] र [[मारवाडी भाषा]] भाषी बसोबास गरेको वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका ३५ वर्ग कि.मी.मा फैलिएको र १९ वडामा विभाजित छ। राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार ६० हजार ९ सय ५६ पुरूष र ५१ हजार ५ सय २८ महिला गरी कुल एक लाख १२ हजार ४ सय ८४ जना जनसङ्ख्या भएको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा कुल १९ हजार ९ सय १० घरपरिवार सङ्ख्या छ भने ४ दशमलव ८९ प्रतिशत जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि दर छ। == नगर == [[चित्र:Ghantaghar Birgunj.JPG|thumb|घण्टाघर वीरगन्ज]] नगरपालिकाको घोषणा भएपछि नगरप्रमुखमा क्रमशः केशरबहादुर मानन्धर (२०१०-२०१८), स्व. पशुपति घोष (२०१९-२०२५), गणेशबहादुर रावल (२०२५-२०३०), स्व. गोपालप्रसाद प्रधान (२०३०-२०३८) र विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव (२०३९-२०४६) कार्यरत रहनु भएको थियो। बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्र पुन:स्थापना पछि २०४९ सालमा नगर प्रमुखमा [[नेपाली कांग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]]का स्व. माधवलाल श्रेष्ठ र उपप्रमुखमा अजय द्विवेद्वी निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो भने २०५४ को दोस्रो निर्वाचनमा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव नगरप्रमुख र नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका कृष्णमुरारी रौनियार उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो। वि.सं. २०६० पछि करिव एक वर्ष श्री ५ को सरकारले राप्रपाका गोपाल गिरीलाई प्रमुख र कृष्णमुरारी रौनियारलाई उपप्रमुख पदमा मनोनयन गरेकोमा २०६० माघ १ गते नगर प्रमुख गिरीलाई माओवादीले गोली हानी हत्या गरेपछि सरकारले राप्रपाका प्रदीपकुमार सुवेदीलाई नगरप्रमुखमा मनोनयन गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०७४ मा सम्पन्न स्थानिय निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाको प्रमुखमा बिजय सरावगी र उपप्रमुखमा शान्ति कार्की निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियाे भने २०७९ मा सम्पन्न निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाकाे प्रमुखमा राजेशमान सिंह र उपप्रमुखमा इम्तियाज आलम निर्वाचित हुनु भएकाे छ । सिंह ४६२१५ मत ल्याउँदै प्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनुभएकाे हाे भने आलमले २३६७१ मत ल्याएर उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित भएका हुन् । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{पर्सा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका महानगरीय नगरपालिकाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तराईका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रमुख स्थानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका महानगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीको नामबाट नामकरण गरिएका ठाउँहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल–भारत सीमामा स्थित पारवहन र भन्सार चौकीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका पूर्व उपमहानगरपालिकाहरू]] dmr8im1qoitf1jlimzi9gqytuhglc7m 1368367 1368366 2026-08-03T14:42:46Z NeoEditor 77577 /* वीर शमशेर */ 1368367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info -->| name = वीरगन्ज | other_name = नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[महानगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = Shankharacharya,Gate,Birgunj.jpg | image_caption = भारत-नेपाल सीमाद्वार | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = <!-- NepalSunsariDistrictmap.png --> | mapsize = 300px | map_caption = पर्सा जिल्लाको नक्सामा वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | pushpin_map = Nepal Madhesh Province#Nepal | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = नेपालमा रहेको वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | coordinates = {{coord|27|0|N|84|52|E|region:NP_type:city_source:enwiki-GNS|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location -->| subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मधेश प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]|<!-- Politics --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-2/district-parsa/birgunj?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजेशमान सिंह <small> ([[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जसपा नेपाल]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = इम्तियाज आलम <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेका]]) | established_title = महानगरपालिका घोषित | established_date = वि.स. २०७४/२/१७ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 132.07<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=2&district=22&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 272382 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = धर्मावलम्बी | population_blank2 = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | latd = 27 | latm = 40 | latNS = N | longd = 84 | longm = 17 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_type = type:city(41210)_region:NP | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = पोस्टल कोड | postal_code = ४४३००,४४३०१ | area_code = ०५१ | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://birgunjmun.gov.np birgunjmun.gov.np] | footnotes = | official_name = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका }} '''वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका''' [[नेपाल]]को [[मधेश प्रदेश]] स्थित [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को एक प्रमुख सहर तथा महानगरपालिका हो। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ‘नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार’ भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। यो एउटा व्यापारिक सहर हो। यसलाई कतिपयले आर्थिक राजधानी भन्ने गरेका छन्। वीरगन्ज व्यापार तथा वाणिज्यको प्रमुख केन्द्र पनि हो। वि.सं २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, [[अलौ]], [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]], [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]], [[हरपतगन्ज]], [[लिपनी बिर्ता]], [[मनियारी]], [[रामगढवा]], [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]], [[ सिर्सिया दा.पु.|सिर्सिया दापु]], [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] र [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] गरी ११ वट‍ा पूर्व [[गाविस]]हरूलाई गाभेर तात्कालीन वीरगन्ज उपमहानगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र विस्तार गरिएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, यसलाई महानगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[चोर्नी]], [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]], [[बसडिलवा]], [[लाल पर्सा]] र [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] गरि ५ वटा गाविसहरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। वीरगन्ज सबैभन्दा बढी भन्सार राजश्व दिने नाका हो। यहाँबाट नेपालले [[भारत]] लगायत अन्य मुलुकहरूसँग आयात निर्यातको काम गर्ने गर्दछ। चितवन, काठमाडौँ तथा पोखराका लागि सामान आयात निर्यात गरिन्छ। श्री ३ [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा वि.सं. १९४२-१९५८ [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को अलौ भन्ने स्थानबाट गहवा गाँउमा सदरमुकाम सारिएपछि गहवा गाँउलाई उनैको नाममा वीरगन्ज नामाकरण गरिएको हो। त्यहाँ गहवामाई मन्दिर पनि रहेको छ। ठाकुरराम क्याम्पस का साथै केही अरू कलेज तथा विद्यालय तथा नारायणी अञ्चल अस्पतालका साथै केही नर्सीङ होम समेत रहेको वीरगन्जमा अञ्चल स्तरीय तथा जिल्ला स्तरीय सरकारी कार्यलयहरू पनि छन्। वीरगन्जको एरिया कोड ०५१ हो। ==इतिहास== ===अलौ पर्व=== वि.सं. १९०४ मा [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जङ्गबहादुर]]ले [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा राजेन्द्र]]लाई गद्दिच्युत गरेपछि, जङ्गबहादुर विरुद्ध फौज खडा गरी राजेन्द्र [[अलौ]]मा शिविर बनाएर बसेका थिए। जङ्गबहादुरको सेना सामु राजा राजेन्द्रको सेनाको केही लागेन र राजा राजेन्द्रलाई बन्दी बनाइयो। यस घटनालाई [[अलौ पर्व]] भनिन्छ। ===वीर शमशेर=== तत्कालीन [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|श्री ३ वीर शम्शेर]]ले वि.सं. १९४५ देखि १९५० को बीचमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गरेको अनुमान छ। वीर शम्शेरले स्थापना गरेको हुनाले यसको नाम वीरगन्ज रहन भएको हो भन्ने भनाइ रहेको छ। वीरगन्ज स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि पर्सा जिल्लाको मुख्य केन्द्र अलौं थियो। वीरगन्ज बजारको स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि यस आसपासका गाउँहरू बगही, अलौं, बरेवा, कलैया, प्रसौनी, इनरुवा, छपकैया, अस्तित्वमा आइसकेका थिए। कलैयाबाट प्रसौनी, इनरवा गाउँ हुँदै छपकैया भएर अलौं जाने सानो बाटो थियो, उक्त बाटोलाई रजैया सडक भनिन्थ्यो। <Ref>"वीरगन्जको नालीबेली" जयविक्रम शाह जयारानी शाह प्रकाशन २०६१ बैशाख </ref> जङ्गलले ढाकेको स्थानमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गर्न श्री ३ वीर शम्शेरले आफ्ना विश्वासपात्र द्वय सिद्धवीर माथेमा र ध्वजवीर माथेमा (दुई दाजुभाइ) लाई क्रमशः माल अड्डा तथा काठ माल अड्डाको हाकिम बनाई वीरगन्जमा खटाएका थिए। त्यसै सिलसिलामा सिद्धवीर माथेमाले निःशुल्क जग्गा तथा काठ वितरण गर्नुका साथै वीरगन्जमा घर बनाउनेहरूलाई नगदको व्यवस्था गरी सहयोग पुर्याएका थिए। उक्त कार्यले पछि चन्द्र शमशेरको पालामा सिद्धवीर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय समेत भुक्तान गर्नु पर्ने अवस्था आइसकेको थियो। ===चन्द्र शम्शेर=== वीर शम्शेरको वि.सं. १९५७ मा मृत्यु भए पछि श्री ३ [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देवशम्शेर]] महाराज भए। तर [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शम्शेर]]ले षडयन्त्र गरी तीन महिना भित्रै देवशम्शेरलाई अपदस्त गरी आफैं श्री ३ महाराजा बने। स्व. वीरशम्शेर र देवशम्शेरका मान्छेहरूलाई चन्द्र शम्शेर देखी सहँदैनथे। वीर शम्शेरका खास मान्छे सिद्धवीर माथेमामाथि रिसइवी साँधी उनले सम्हालेको माल अड्डा जाँच गराउन लगाई माथेमामाथि तीन लाख अनियमितता गरेको आरोप लगाइयो। सिद्धवीरले वीरगन्ज बजार बसाल्नमा खर्च गरिएको हिसाब देखाउँदा त्यसलाई अमान्य ठहर गरियो र तत्काल रकम तिर्न आदेश जारी भयो। माथेमाले आफूले नखाएकाले रकम तिर्न नसक्ने जवाफ दिएपछि सजाय स्वरूप छातीमा साइनबोर्ड टाँसेर बाजागाजा सहित बजार परिक्रमा गराउँदै मच्छाखुशीमा लगेर काटी मारीदिनु भन्ने [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को मौखिक फैसला भयो। खाइ नखाई अहोरात्र खटेर वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापनामा वीर शम्शेरलाई सहयोग पुर्याउने माथेमा माथि मृत्युदण्डको फैसला भएको खबर सुनेपछि स्व. श्री ३ वीरशम्शेरकी महारानीले आफ्नो तर्फबाट रु. तीन लाख रकम तिरिदिएर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजायबाट छुटकारा दिलाइन्। चन्द्र शम्शेरले आफ्ना दाइले स्थापना गरेको वीरगन्ज बजारलाई समेत विस्थापित गर्न चाहेका थिए। उनी वीरगन्जको बजारलाई त्यहाँबाट हटाएर [[रौतहट जिल्ला|रौतहट]]को हजमिनियामा बसाल्न चाहन्थे। बजार विस्थापित गर्ने चाल अनुसार वि.सं. १९८० मा [[रक्सौल]]देखि वीरगन्जको मुख्य बजार अतिक्रमण गर्दै [[अमलेखगञ्ज|अमलेखगंज]]सम्म [[नेपाल गभर्मेन्ट रेलवे|रेल लाइन सेवा]] विस्तार गरे। लिंकबाट रेल कुद्दा आसपासका घरहरू चर्कने, फुट्ने र बासिन्दाहरू आतंकित हुने गर्थे तर वीरगन्जबासीहरू अनेक विन्ती भाउ गर्दै रेललाइन बजार बाहिर सार्न अनुरोध गर्नतर्फ लागे तर उनी हजमिनिया जान तयार भएनन्। पछि रेल्वे लिंक बजारको पूर्वतर्फ (बजार बाहिर) सारिएको थियो।<ref>[http://birgunjmun.gov.np/ne/node/193 वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका "औद्योगिक तथा व्यापारिक शहर सुसंस्कृत, सभ्य हाम्रो वीरगन्ज महानगर" » परिचय » सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय]</ref> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या २,७२,३८२ रहेको छ। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ३२ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू/गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || वीरगन्ज (१) || ८,८४१ || ०.८६ || १०,२८०.२३ |- | २ || वीरगन्ज (२) || ९,२८१ || २.०५ || ४,५२७.३२ |- | ३ || वीरगन्ज (३) || ७,६०४ || ०.५७ || १३,३४०.३५ |- | ४ || वीरगन्ज (४-५) || ३,२८५ || ०.२५ || १३,१४०.०० |- | ५ || वीरगन्ज (६) || ४,४४० || ०.१८ || २४,६६६.६७ |- | ६ || वीरगन्ज (७-८,११) || ३,५६४ || ०.२६ || १३,७०७.६९ |- | ७ || वीरगन्ज (९) || ४,१४१ || ०.१५ || २७,६०६.६७ |- | ८ || वीरगन्ज (१०) || ५,००८ || ०.३८ || १३,१७८.९५ |- | ९ || वीरगन्ज (१२) || ४,१३३ || ०.२६ || १५,८९६.१५ |- | १० || वीरगन्ज (१३) || १४,९४३ || १.३ || ११,४९४.६२ |- | ११ || वीरगन्ज (१४) || १४,७१८ || ०.९८ || १५,०१८.३७ |- | १२ || वीरगन्ज (१५) || ९,४९९ || ०.६१ || १५,५७२.१३ |- | १३ || वीरगन्ज (१६) || १२,१९३ || १.०२ || ११,९५३.९२ |- | १४ || वीरगन्ज (१७) || १२,६६७ || २.६५ || ४,७८०.०० |- | १५ || वीरगन्ज (१८) || १५,७७१ || ४.७५ || ३,३२०.२१ |- | १६ || वीरगन्ज (१९) || २१,३७५ || ४.९३ || ४,३३५.७० |- | १७ || [[अलौ]] || ९,७६५ || ५.०९ || १,९१८.४७ |- | १८ || [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]] || ८,१९८ || ५.३४ || १,५३५.२० |- | १९ || [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]] || ५,९७१ || ३.५९ || १,६६३.२३ |- | २० || [[हरपतगन्ज]] || ७,६४८ || ४.४ || १,७३८.१८ |- | २१ || [[लिपनी बिर्ता]] || ८,४२६ || ५.७४ || १,४६७.९४ |- | २२ || [[मनियारी]] || ४,७९७ || ५.०८ || ९४४.२९ |- | २३ || [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]] || ५,३४३ || ३.०१ || १,७७५.०८ |- | २४ || [[रामगढवा]] || १०,२७७ || ४.६७ || २,२००.६४ |- | २५ || [[सिर्सिया दा.पु.]] || ४,३६२ || २.८३ || १,५४१.३४ |- | २६ || [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] || ६,५०९ || ४.८८ || १,३३३.८१ |- | २७ || [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] || ७,४०० || ९.४४ || ७८३.९० |- | २८ || [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]] || ७,३८० || ७.३५ || १,००४.०८ |- | २९ || [[बसडिलवा]] || ७,८५८ || ६.८८ || १,१४२.१५ |- | ३० || [[लाल पर्सा|लालपर्सा]] || ५,१३८ || ४.८६ || १,०५७.२० |- | ३१ || [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] || १०,४४४ || २८.३४ || ३६८.५३ |- | ३२ || [[चोर्नी]] || ११,४०३ || ९.४ || १,२१३.०९ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! २,७२,३८२ !! १३२.१ !! २,०६१.९४ |} == भौगोलिक अवस्थिति == मुलुकको आर्थिक राजधानी र प्रवेशद्वारको रूपमा परिचित औद्योगिक एवं व्यापारिक सहर वीरगन्जको स्थापना राणा प्रधानमन्त्री वीरशम्शेरले सन् १८९७ (वि.सं.१९५४)मा गरेको हुनाले उनकै नाउँमा उक्त सहरको नाम रहेको हो। भारत [[चम्पारण जिल्ला]]को सीमावर्ती बजार रक्सौलबाट करिब तीन कि.मी. को दूरीमा र नेपालको दक्षिणी तराई क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित उक्त सहर समुद्री सतहदेखि सरदर ९१ मीटर उचाइमा छ। पूर्व र उत्तरमा [[बारा जिल्ला]], पश्चिममा [[रामगठवा]], पर्सैनीविर्ता र सिर्सिया खतवाटोल गाविस र दक्षिणमा छिमेकी मुलुक भारत रहेको उक्त सहर पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम पनि हो। [[त्रिभुवन राजपथ]] र [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]] जोड्ने [[पथलैया]]बाट २८ कि.मी. उत्तर र काठमाडौँ हवाइमार्गबाट १५ मिनेटको दूरीमा अवस्थित तथा [[सिमरा विमानस्थल]]बाट अत्यन्त नजीकै वीरगन्जमा [[नेवार जाति|नेवार]], [[ब्राह्मण|बाहुन]], [[क्षेत्री]], [[मुसलमान]], [[थारू जाति|थारू]], [[कुर्मी]], [[यादव]], [[कानु]], [[तेली]], [[कलवार]], [[कोइरी]], [[चमार]], [[दुसाध]], [[मल्लाह]], [[मारवाडी]], [[तामाङ जाति|तामाङ]] आदि जाति पारस्परिक सद्भावका साथ बसोवास गर्दै आएका छन्। वीरगन्ज पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम हो। पर्सा जिल्लाको नामकरण यहाको महुवन् मथवलमा रहेको पारसनाथको मन्दिरको नामबाट गरिएको हो। == रितिथिति == वि.सं. २०१० मा नगरपालिका घोषणा भएको वीरगन्जमा विशेषगरी [[दसैँ|दशैं]], [[तिहार]], [[छठ]], [[वार्तालाप:माघे सङ्क्रान्ति|मकर संक्रान्ति]], [[राम नवमी|रामनवमी]], [[होली|फागु]], [[कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी|कृष्णाष्टमी]], [[भीमसेन जात्रा]], [[महाशिवरात्रि|शिवरात्री]] र [[वसन्त पञ्चमी|श्रीपञ्चमी]] आदि चाडपर्व मनाउने [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]], [[बुद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]], [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] र [[इसाई धर्म|ईसाई]] धर्मावलम्वी छन्। धार्मिक सहिष्णुता रहेको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा हिन्दुधर्म र दर्शनको दिग्दर्शन हुने [[शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगञ्ज)|शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगन्ज)]], वौद्ध चैत्य-विहार, सङ्गीतमय फोहरासहित [[घडिअर्वा पोखरी]], [[गहवामाई मन्दिर]], [[नैतले काली मन्दिर]], [[घण्टाघर (वीरगञ्ज)|घण्टाघर (वीरगन्ज)]], [[भारतीय रेल्वे]] सञ्जालसँग जोडिएको नेपालको एक मात्र सुख्खा बन्दरगाह ([[वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह|वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह]] ), [[तरण ताल]] (स्वीमिंग पुल), महावीर मन्दिर, [[विर्तामाई मन्दिर]], [[हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगञ्ज)|हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगन्ज)]] र [[अलखिया]] लगायत विविध धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय स्थल छन् भने काठमाडौँ बाहिर भारतीय महावाणिज्य दूतावास र परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयको सम्पर्क कार्यालय वीरगन्जमा मात्र स्थापना भएको छ। विशेषगरी [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[नेपाली]], [[नेवारी (स्पष्टता)|नेवारी]], [[मैथिली भाषा|मैथिली]] र [[मारवाडी भाषा]] भाषी बसोबास गरेको वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका ३५ वर्ग कि.मी.मा फैलिएको र १९ वडामा विभाजित छ। राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार ६० हजार ९ सय ५६ पुरूष र ५१ हजार ५ सय २८ महिला गरी कुल एक लाख १२ हजार ४ सय ८४ जना जनसङ्ख्या भएको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा कुल १९ हजार ९ सय १० घरपरिवार सङ्ख्या छ भने ४ दशमलव ८९ प्रतिशत जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि दर छ। == नगर == [[चित्र:Ghantaghar Birgunj.JPG|thumb|घण्टाघर वीरगन्ज]] नगरपालिकाको घोषणा भएपछि नगरप्रमुखमा क्रमशः केशरबहादुर मानन्धर (२०१०-२०१८), स्व. पशुपति घोष (२०१९-२०२५), गणेशबहादुर रावल (२०२५-२०३०), स्व. गोपालप्रसाद प्रधान (२०३०-२०३८) र विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव (२०३९-२०४६) कार्यरत रहनु भएको थियो। बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्र पुन:स्थापना पछि २०४९ सालमा नगर प्रमुखमा [[नेपाली कांग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]]का स्व. माधवलाल श्रेष्ठ र उपप्रमुखमा अजय द्विवेद्वी निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो भने २०५४ को दोस्रो निर्वाचनमा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव नगरप्रमुख र नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका कृष्णमुरारी रौनियार उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो। वि.सं. २०६० पछि करिव एक वर्ष श्री ५ को सरकारले राप्रपाका गोपाल गिरीलाई प्रमुख र कृष्णमुरारी रौनियारलाई उपप्रमुख पदमा मनोनयन गरेकोमा २०६० माघ १ गते नगर प्रमुख गिरीलाई माओवादीले गोली हानी हत्या गरेपछि सरकारले राप्रपाका प्रदीपकुमार सुवेदीलाई नगरप्रमुखमा मनोनयन गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०७४ मा सम्पन्न स्थानिय निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाको प्रमुखमा बिजय सरावगी र उपप्रमुखमा शान्ति कार्की निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियाे भने २०७९ मा सम्पन्न निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाकाे प्रमुखमा राजेशमान सिंह र उपप्रमुखमा इम्तियाज आलम निर्वाचित हुनु भएकाे छ । सिंह ४६२१५ मत ल्याउँदै प्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनुभएकाे हाे भने आलमले २३६७१ मत ल्याएर उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित भएका हुन् । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{पर्सा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका महानगरीय नगरपालिकाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तराईका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रमुख स्थानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका महानगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीको नामबाट नामकरण गरिएका ठाउँहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल–भारत सीमामा स्थित पारवहन र भन्सार चौकीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका पूर्व उपमहानगरपालिकाहरू]] tsaibj8y2v0p2rt686bs6624esx3hyd 1368368 1368367 2026-08-03T14:45:18Z NeoEditor 77577 /* भौगोलिक अवस्थिति */ 1368368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info -->| name = वीरगन्ज | other_name = नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[महानगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = Shankharacharya,Gate,Birgunj.jpg | image_caption = भारत-नेपाल सीमाद्वार | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = <!-- NepalSunsariDistrictmap.png --> | mapsize = 300px | map_caption = पर्सा जिल्लाको नक्सामा वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | pushpin_map = Nepal Madhesh Province#Nepal | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = नेपालमा रहेको वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | coordinates = {{coord|27|0|N|84|52|E|region:NP_type:city_source:enwiki-GNS|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location -->| subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मधेश प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]|<!-- Politics --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-2/district-parsa/birgunj?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजेशमान सिंह <small> ([[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जसपा नेपाल]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = इम्तियाज आलम <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेका]]) | established_title = महानगरपालिका घोषित | established_date = वि.स. २०७४/२/१७ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 132.07<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=2&district=22&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 272382 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = धर्मावलम्बी | population_blank2 = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | latd = 27 | latm = 40 | latNS = N | longd = 84 | longm = 17 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_type = type:city(41210)_region:NP | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = पोस्टल कोड | postal_code = ४४३००,४४३०१ | area_code = ०५१ | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://birgunjmun.gov.np birgunjmun.gov.np] | footnotes = | official_name = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका }} '''वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका''' [[नेपाल]]को [[मधेश प्रदेश]] स्थित [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को एक प्रमुख सहर तथा महानगरपालिका हो। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ‘नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार’ भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। यो एउटा व्यापारिक सहर हो। यसलाई कतिपयले आर्थिक राजधानी भन्ने गरेका छन्। वीरगन्ज व्यापार तथा वाणिज्यको प्रमुख केन्द्र पनि हो। वि.सं २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, [[अलौ]], [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]], [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]], [[हरपतगन्ज]], [[लिपनी बिर्ता]], [[मनियारी]], [[रामगढवा]], [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]], [[ सिर्सिया दा.पु.|सिर्सिया दापु]], [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] र [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] गरी ११ वट‍ा पूर्व [[गाविस]]हरूलाई गाभेर तात्कालीन वीरगन्ज उपमहानगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र विस्तार गरिएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, यसलाई महानगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[चोर्नी]], [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]], [[बसडिलवा]], [[लाल पर्सा]] र [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] गरि ५ वटा गाविसहरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। वीरगन्ज सबैभन्दा बढी भन्सार राजश्व दिने नाका हो। यहाँबाट नेपालले [[भारत]] लगायत अन्य मुलुकहरूसँग आयात निर्यातको काम गर्ने गर्दछ। चितवन, काठमाडौँ तथा पोखराका लागि सामान आयात निर्यात गरिन्छ। श्री ३ [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा वि.सं. १९४२-१९५८ [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को अलौ भन्ने स्थानबाट गहवा गाँउमा सदरमुकाम सारिएपछि गहवा गाँउलाई उनैको नाममा वीरगन्ज नामाकरण गरिएको हो। त्यहाँ गहवामाई मन्दिर पनि रहेको छ। ठाकुरराम क्याम्पस का साथै केही अरू कलेज तथा विद्यालय तथा नारायणी अञ्चल अस्पतालका साथै केही नर्सीङ होम समेत रहेको वीरगन्जमा अञ्चल स्तरीय तथा जिल्ला स्तरीय सरकारी कार्यलयहरू पनि छन्। वीरगन्जको एरिया कोड ०५१ हो। ==इतिहास== ===अलौ पर्व=== वि.सं. १९०४ मा [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जङ्गबहादुर]]ले [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा राजेन्द्र]]लाई गद्दिच्युत गरेपछि, जङ्गबहादुर विरुद्ध फौज खडा गरी राजेन्द्र [[अलौ]]मा शिविर बनाएर बसेका थिए। जङ्गबहादुरको सेना सामु राजा राजेन्द्रको सेनाको केही लागेन र राजा राजेन्द्रलाई बन्दी बनाइयो। यस घटनालाई [[अलौ पर्व]] भनिन्छ। ===वीर शमशेर=== तत्कालीन [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|श्री ३ वीर शम्शेर]]ले वि.सं. १९४५ देखि १९५० को बीचमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गरेको अनुमान छ। वीर शम्शेरले स्थापना गरेको हुनाले यसको नाम वीरगन्ज रहन भएको हो भन्ने भनाइ रहेको छ। वीरगन्ज स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि पर्सा जिल्लाको मुख्य केन्द्र अलौं थियो। वीरगन्ज बजारको स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि यस आसपासका गाउँहरू बगही, अलौं, बरेवा, कलैया, प्रसौनी, इनरुवा, छपकैया, अस्तित्वमा आइसकेका थिए। कलैयाबाट प्रसौनी, इनरवा गाउँ हुँदै छपकैया भएर अलौं जाने सानो बाटो थियो, उक्त बाटोलाई रजैया सडक भनिन्थ्यो। <Ref>"वीरगन्जको नालीबेली" जयविक्रम शाह जयारानी शाह प्रकाशन २०६१ बैशाख </ref> जङ्गलले ढाकेको स्थानमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गर्न श्री ३ वीर शम्शेरले आफ्ना विश्वासपात्र द्वय सिद्धवीर माथेमा र ध्वजवीर माथेमा (दुई दाजुभाइ) लाई क्रमशः माल अड्डा तथा काठ माल अड्डाको हाकिम बनाई वीरगन्जमा खटाएका थिए। त्यसै सिलसिलामा सिद्धवीर माथेमाले निःशुल्क जग्गा तथा काठ वितरण गर्नुका साथै वीरगन्जमा घर बनाउनेहरूलाई नगदको व्यवस्था गरी सहयोग पुर्याएका थिए। उक्त कार्यले पछि चन्द्र शमशेरको पालामा सिद्धवीर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय समेत भुक्तान गर्नु पर्ने अवस्था आइसकेको थियो। ===चन्द्र शम्शेर=== वीर शम्शेरको वि.सं. १९५७ मा मृत्यु भए पछि श्री ३ [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देवशम्शेर]] महाराज भए। तर [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शम्शेर]]ले षडयन्त्र गरी तीन महिना भित्रै देवशम्शेरलाई अपदस्त गरी आफैं श्री ३ महाराजा बने। स्व. वीरशम्शेर र देवशम्शेरका मान्छेहरूलाई चन्द्र शम्शेर देखी सहँदैनथे। वीर शम्शेरका खास मान्छे सिद्धवीर माथेमामाथि रिसइवी साँधी उनले सम्हालेको माल अड्डा जाँच गराउन लगाई माथेमामाथि तीन लाख अनियमितता गरेको आरोप लगाइयो। सिद्धवीरले वीरगन्ज बजार बसाल्नमा खर्च गरिएको हिसाब देखाउँदा त्यसलाई अमान्य ठहर गरियो र तत्काल रकम तिर्न आदेश जारी भयो। माथेमाले आफूले नखाएकाले रकम तिर्न नसक्ने जवाफ दिएपछि सजाय स्वरूप छातीमा साइनबोर्ड टाँसेर बाजागाजा सहित बजार परिक्रमा गराउँदै मच्छाखुशीमा लगेर काटी मारीदिनु भन्ने [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को मौखिक फैसला भयो। खाइ नखाई अहोरात्र खटेर वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापनामा वीर शम्शेरलाई सहयोग पुर्याउने माथेमा माथि मृत्युदण्डको फैसला भएको खबर सुनेपछि स्व. श्री ३ वीरशम्शेरकी महारानीले आफ्नो तर्फबाट रु. तीन लाख रकम तिरिदिएर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजायबाट छुटकारा दिलाइन्। चन्द्र शम्शेरले आफ्ना दाइले स्थापना गरेको वीरगन्ज बजारलाई समेत विस्थापित गर्न चाहेका थिए। उनी वीरगन्जको बजारलाई त्यहाँबाट हटाएर [[रौतहट जिल्ला|रौतहट]]को हजमिनियामा बसाल्न चाहन्थे। बजार विस्थापित गर्ने चाल अनुसार वि.सं. १९८० मा [[रक्सौल]]देखि वीरगन्जको मुख्य बजार अतिक्रमण गर्दै [[अमलेखगञ्ज|अमलेखगंज]]सम्म [[नेपाल गभर्मेन्ट रेलवे|रेल लाइन सेवा]] विस्तार गरे। लिंकबाट रेल कुद्दा आसपासका घरहरू चर्कने, फुट्ने र बासिन्दाहरू आतंकित हुने गर्थे तर वीरगन्जबासीहरू अनेक विन्ती भाउ गर्दै रेललाइन बजार बाहिर सार्न अनुरोध गर्नतर्फ लागे तर उनी हजमिनिया जान तयार भएनन्। पछि रेल्वे लिंक बजारको पूर्वतर्फ (बजार बाहिर) सारिएको थियो।<ref>[http://birgunjmun.gov.np/ne/node/193 वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका "औद्योगिक तथा व्यापारिक शहर सुसंस्कृत, सभ्य हाम्रो वीरगन्ज महानगर" » परिचय » सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय]</ref> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या २,७२,३८२ रहेको छ। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ३२ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू/गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || वीरगन्ज (१) || ८,८४१ || ०.८६ || १०,२८०.२३ |- | २ || वीरगन्ज (२) || ९,२८१ || २.०५ || ४,५२७.३२ |- | ३ || वीरगन्ज (३) || ७,६०४ || ०.५७ || १३,३४०.३५ |- | ४ || वीरगन्ज (४-५) || ३,२८५ || ०.२५ || १३,१४०.०० |- | ५ || वीरगन्ज (६) || ४,४४० || ०.१८ || २४,६६६.६७ |- | ६ || वीरगन्ज (७-८,११) || ३,५६४ || ०.२६ || १३,७०७.६९ |- | ७ || वीरगन्ज (९) || ४,१४१ || ०.१५ || २७,६०६.६७ |- | ८ || वीरगन्ज (१०) || ५,००८ || ०.३८ || १३,१७८.९५ |- | ९ || वीरगन्ज (१२) || ४,१३३ || ०.२६ || १५,८९६.१५ |- | १० || वीरगन्ज (१३) || १४,९४३ || १.३ || ११,४९४.६२ |- | ११ || वीरगन्ज (१४) || १४,७१८ || ०.९८ || १५,०१८.३७ |- | १२ || वीरगन्ज (१५) || ९,४९९ || ०.६१ || १५,५७२.१३ |- | १३ || वीरगन्ज (१६) || १२,१९३ || १.०२ || ११,९५३.९२ |- | १४ || वीरगन्ज (१७) || १२,६६७ || २.६५ || ४,७८०.०० |- | १५ || वीरगन्ज (१८) || १५,७७१ || ४.७५ || ३,३२०.२१ |- | १६ || वीरगन्ज (१९) || २१,३७५ || ४.९३ || ४,३३५.७० |- | १७ || [[अलौ]] || ९,७६५ || ५.०९ || १,९१८.४७ |- | १८ || [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]] || ८,१९८ || ५.३४ || १,५३५.२० |- | १९ || [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]] || ५,९७१ || ३.५९ || १,६६३.२३ |- | २० || [[हरपतगन्ज]] || ७,६४८ || ४.४ || १,७३८.१८ |- | २१ || [[लिपनी बिर्ता]] || ८,४२६ || ५.७४ || १,४६७.९४ |- | २२ || [[मनियारी]] || ४,७९७ || ५.०८ || ९४४.२९ |- | २३ || [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]] || ५,३४३ || ३.०१ || १,७७५.०८ |- | २४ || [[रामगढवा]] || १०,२७७ || ४.६७ || २,२००.६४ |- | २५ || [[सिर्सिया दा.पु.]] || ४,३६२ || २.८३ || १,५४१.३४ |- | २६ || [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] || ६,५०९ || ४.८८ || १,३३३.८१ |- | २७ || [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] || ७,४०० || ९.४४ || ७८३.९० |- | २८ || [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]] || ७,३८० || ७.३५ || १,००४.०८ |- | २९ || [[बसडिलवा]] || ७,८५८ || ६.८८ || १,१४२.१५ |- | ३० || [[लाल पर्सा|लालपर्सा]] || ५,१३८ || ४.८६ || १,०५७.२० |- | ३१ || [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] || १०,४४४ || २८.३४ || ३६८.५३ |- | ३२ || [[चोर्नी]] || ११,४०३ || ९.४ || १,२१३.०९ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! २,७२,३८२ !! १३२.१ !! २,०६१.९४ |} == भौगोलिक अवस्थिति == मुलुकको आर्थिक राजधानी र प्रवेशद्वारको रूपमा परिचित औद्योगिक एवं व्यापारिक सहर वीरगन्जको स्थापना राणा प्रधानमन्त्री वीरशम्शेरले सन् १८९७ (वि.सं.१९५४)मा गरेको हुनाले उनकै नाउँमा उक्त सहरको नाम रहेको हो। भारत [[चम्पारण जिल्ला]]को सीमावर्ती बजार रक्सौलबाट करिब तीन कि.मी. को दूरीमा र नेपालको दक्षिणी तराई क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित उक्त सहर समुद्री सतहदेखि सरदर ९१ मीटर उचाइमा छ। पूर्व र उत्तरमा [[बारा जिल्ला]], पश्चिममा रामगठवा, पर्सैनीविर्ता र सिर्सिया खतवाटोल गाविस र दक्षिणमा छिमेकी मुलुक भारत रहेको उक्त सहर पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम पनि हो। [[त्रिभुवन राजपथ]] र [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]] जोड्ने पथलैयाबाट २८ कि.मी. उत्तर र काठमाडौँ हवाइमार्गबाट १५ मिनेटको दूरीमा अवस्थित तथा [[सिमरा विमानस्थल]]बाट अत्यन्त नजीकै वीरगन्जमा [[नेवार जाति|नेवार]], [[ब्राह्मण|बाहुन]], [[क्षेत्री]], [[मुसलमान]], [[थारू जाति|थारू]], कुर्मी, [[यादव]], कानु, [[तेली]], [[कलवार]], [[कोइरी]], [[चमार]], [[दुसाध]], मल्लाह, [[मारवाडी]], [[तामाङ जाति|तामाङ]] आदि जाति पारस्परिक सद्भावका साथ बसोवास गर्दै आएका छन्। वीरगन्ज पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम हो। पर्सा जिल्लाको नामकरण यहाको महुवन् मथवलमा रहेको पारसनाथको मन्दिरको नामबाट गरिएको हो। == रितिथिति == वि.सं. २०१० मा नगरपालिका घोषणा भएको वीरगन्जमा विशेषगरी [[दसैँ|दशैं]], [[तिहार]], [[छठ]], [[वार्तालाप:माघे सङ्क्रान्ति|मकर संक्रान्ति]], [[राम नवमी|रामनवमी]], [[होली|फागु]], [[कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी|कृष्णाष्टमी]], [[भीमसेन जात्रा]], [[महाशिवरात्रि|शिवरात्री]] र [[वसन्त पञ्चमी|श्रीपञ्चमी]] आदि चाडपर्व मनाउने [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]], [[बुद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]], [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] र [[इसाई धर्म|ईसाई]] धर्मावलम्वी छन्। धार्मिक सहिष्णुता रहेको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा हिन्दुधर्म र दर्शनको दिग्दर्शन हुने [[शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगञ्ज)|शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगन्ज)]], वौद्ध चैत्य-विहार, सङ्गीतमय फोहरासहित [[घडिअर्वा पोखरी]], [[गहवामाई मन्दिर]], [[नैतले काली मन्दिर]], [[घण्टाघर (वीरगञ्ज)|घण्टाघर (वीरगन्ज)]], [[भारतीय रेल्वे]] सञ्जालसँग जोडिएको नेपालको एक मात्र सुख्खा बन्दरगाह ([[वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह|वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह]] ), [[तरण ताल]] (स्वीमिंग पुल), महावीर मन्दिर, [[विर्तामाई मन्दिर]], [[हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगञ्ज)|हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगन्ज)]] र [[अलखिया]] लगायत विविध धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय स्थल छन् भने काठमाडौँ बाहिर भारतीय महावाणिज्य दूतावास र परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयको सम्पर्क कार्यालय वीरगन्जमा मात्र स्थापना भएको छ। विशेषगरी [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[नेपाली]], [[नेवारी (स्पष्टता)|नेवारी]], [[मैथिली भाषा|मैथिली]] र [[मारवाडी भाषा]] भाषी बसोबास गरेको वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका ३५ वर्ग कि.मी.मा फैलिएको र १९ वडामा विभाजित छ। राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार ६० हजार ९ सय ५६ पुरूष र ५१ हजार ५ सय २८ महिला गरी कुल एक लाख १२ हजार ४ सय ८४ जना जनसङ्ख्या भएको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा कुल १९ हजार ९ सय १० घरपरिवार सङ्ख्या छ भने ४ दशमलव ८९ प्रतिशत जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि दर छ। == नगर == [[चित्र:Ghantaghar Birgunj.JPG|thumb|घण्टाघर वीरगन्ज]] नगरपालिकाको घोषणा भएपछि नगरप्रमुखमा क्रमशः केशरबहादुर मानन्धर (२०१०-२०१८), स्व. पशुपति घोष (२०१९-२०२५), गणेशबहादुर रावल (२०२५-२०३०), स्व. गोपालप्रसाद प्रधान (२०३०-२०३८) र विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव (२०३९-२०४६) कार्यरत रहनु भएको थियो। बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्र पुन:स्थापना पछि २०४९ सालमा नगर प्रमुखमा [[नेपाली कांग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]]का स्व. माधवलाल श्रेष्ठ र उपप्रमुखमा अजय द्विवेद्वी निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो भने २०५४ को दोस्रो निर्वाचनमा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव नगरप्रमुख र नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका कृष्णमुरारी रौनियार उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो। वि.सं. २०६० पछि करिव एक वर्ष श्री ५ को सरकारले राप्रपाका गोपाल गिरीलाई प्रमुख र कृष्णमुरारी रौनियारलाई उपप्रमुख पदमा मनोनयन गरेकोमा २०६० माघ १ गते नगर प्रमुख गिरीलाई माओवादीले गोली हानी हत्या गरेपछि सरकारले राप्रपाका प्रदीपकुमार सुवेदीलाई नगरप्रमुखमा मनोनयन गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०७४ मा सम्पन्न स्थानिय निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाको प्रमुखमा बिजय सरावगी र उपप्रमुखमा शान्ति कार्की निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियाे भने २०७९ मा सम्पन्न निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाकाे प्रमुखमा राजेशमान सिंह र उपप्रमुखमा इम्तियाज आलम निर्वाचित हुनु भएकाे छ । सिंह ४६२१५ मत ल्याउँदै प्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनुभएकाे हाे भने आलमले २३६७१ मत ल्याएर उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित भएका हुन् । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{पर्सा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका महानगरीय नगरपालिकाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तराईका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रमुख स्थानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका महानगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीको नामबाट नामकरण गरिएका ठाउँहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल–भारत सीमामा स्थित पारवहन र भन्सार चौकीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका पूर्व उपमहानगरपालिकाहरू]] 537oarhn1qccex17wbgc7igkxb2po9r 1368369 1368368 2026-08-03T14:49:33Z NeoEditor 77577 /* रितिथिति */ 1368369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info -->| name = वीरगन्ज | other_name = नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[महानगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = Shankharacharya,Gate,Birgunj.jpg | image_caption = भारत-नेपाल सीमाद्वार | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = <!-- NepalSunsariDistrictmap.png --> | mapsize = 300px | map_caption = पर्सा जिल्लाको नक्सामा वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | pushpin_map = Nepal Madhesh Province#Nepal | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = नेपालमा रहेको वीरगञ्ज महानगरपालिका | coordinates = {{coord|27|0|N|84|52|E|region:NP_type:city_source:enwiki-GNS|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location -->| subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[मधेश प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]|<!-- Politics --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-2/district-parsa/birgunj?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = राजेशमान सिंह <small> ([[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जसपा नेपाल]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = इम्तियाज आलम <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेका]]) | established_title = महानगरपालिका घोषित | established_date = वि.स. २०७४/२/१७ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 132.07<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=2&district=22&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 272382 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = धर्मावलम्बी | population_blank2 = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | latd = 27 | latm = 40 | latNS = N | longd = 84 | longm = 17 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_type = type:city(41210)_region:NP | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = पोस्टल कोड | postal_code = ४४३००,४४३०१ | area_code = ०५१ | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://birgunjmun.gov.np birgunjmun.gov.np] | footnotes = | official_name = वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका }} '''वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका''' [[नेपाल]]को [[मधेश प्रदेश]] स्थित [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को एक प्रमुख सहर तथा महानगरपालिका हो। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ‘नेपालको प्रवेशद्वार’ भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। यो एउटा व्यापारिक सहर हो। यसलाई कतिपयले आर्थिक राजधानी भन्ने गरेका छन्। वीरगन्ज व्यापार तथा वाणिज्यको प्रमुख केन्द्र पनि हो। वि.सं २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, [[अलौ]], [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]], [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]], [[हरपतगन्ज]], [[लिपनी बिर्ता]], [[मनियारी]], [[रामगढवा]], [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]], [[ सिर्सिया दा.पु.|सिर्सिया दापु]], [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] र [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] गरी ११ वट‍ा पूर्व [[गाविस]]हरूलाई गाभेर तात्कालीन वीरगन्ज उपमहानगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र विस्तार गरिएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, यसलाई महानगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[चोर्नी]], [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]], [[बसडिलवा]], [[लाल पर्सा]] र [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] गरि ५ वटा गाविसहरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। वीरगन्ज सबैभन्दा बढी भन्सार राजश्व दिने नाका हो। यहाँबाट नेपालले [[भारत]] लगायत अन्य मुलुकहरूसँग आयात निर्यातको काम गर्ने गर्दछ। चितवन, काठमाडौँ तथा पोखराका लागि सामान आयात निर्यात गरिन्छ। श्री ३ [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा वि.सं. १९४२-१९५८ [[पर्सा जिल्ला]]को अलौ भन्ने स्थानबाट गहवा गाँउमा सदरमुकाम सारिएपछि गहवा गाँउलाई उनैको नाममा वीरगन्ज नामाकरण गरिएको हो। त्यहाँ गहवामाई मन्दिर पनि रहेको छ। ठाकुरराम क्याम्पस का साथै केही अरू कलेज तथा विद्यालय तथा नारायणी अञ्चल अस्पतालका साथै केही नर्सीङ होम समेत रहेको वीरगन्जमा अञ्चल स्तरीय तथा जिल्ला स्तरीय सरकारी कार्यलयहरू पनि छन्। वीरगन्जको एरिया कोड ०५१ हो। ==इतिहास== ===अलौ पर्व=== वि.सं. १९०४ मा [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जङ्गबहादुर]]ले [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा राजेन्द्र]]लाई गद्दिच्युत गरेपछि, जङ्गबहादुर विरुद्ध फौज खडा गरी राजेन्द्र [[अलौ]]मा शिविर बनाएर बसेका थिए। जङ्गबहादुरको सेना सामु राजा राजेन्द्रको सेनाको केही लागेन र राजा राजेन्द्रलाई बन्दी बनाइयो। यस घटनालाई [[अलौ पर्व]] भनिन्छ। ===वीर शमशेर=== तत्कालीन [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|श्री ३ वीर शम्शेर]]ले वि.सं. १९४५ देखि १९५० को बीचमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गरेको अनुमान छ। वीर शम्शेरले स्थापना गरेको हुनाले यसको नाम वीरगन्ज रहन भएको हो भन्ने भनाइ रहेको छ। वीरगन्ज स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि पर्सा जिल्लाको मुख्य केन्द्र अलौं थियो। वीरगन्ज बजारको स्थापनाभन्दा अगाडि यस आसपासका गाउँहरू बगही, अलौं, बरेवा, कलैया, प्रसौनी, इनरुवा, छपकैया, अस्तित्वमा आइसकेका थिए। कलैयाबाट प्रसौनी, इनरवा गाउँ हुँदै छपकैया भएर अलौं जाने सानो बाटो थियो, उक्त बाटोलाई रजैया सडक भनिन्थ्यो। <Ref>"वीरगन्जको नालीबेली" जयविक्रम शाह जयारानी शाह प्रकाशन २०६१ बैशाख </ref> जङ्गलले ढाकेको स्थानमा वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापना गर्न श्री ३ वीर शम्शेरले आफ्ना विश्वासपात्र द्वय सिद्धवीर माथेमा र ध्वजवीर माथेमा (दुई दाजुभाइ) लाई क्रमशः माल अड्डा तथा काठ माल अड्डाको हाकिम बनाई वीरगन्जमा खटाएका थिए। त्यसै सिलसिलामा सिद्धवीर माथेमाले निःशुल्क जग्गा तथा काठ वितरण गर्नुका साथै वीरगन्जमा घर बनाउनेहरूलाई नगदको व्यवस्था गरी सहयोग पुर्याएका थिए। उक्त कार्यले पछि चन्द्र शमशेरको पालामा सिद्धवीर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय समेत भुक्तान गर्नु पर्ने अवस्था आइसकेको थियो। ===चन्द्र शम्शेर=== वीर शम्शेरको वि.सं. १९५७ मा मृत्यु भए पछि श्री ३ [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देवशम्शेर]] महाराज भए। तर [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शम्शेर]]ले षडयन्त्र गरी तीन महिना भित्रै देवशम्शेरलाई अपदस्त गरी आफैं श्री ३ महाराजा बने। स्व. वीरशम्शेर र देवशम्शेरका मान्छेहरूलाई चन्द्र शम्शेर देखी सहँदैनथे। वीर शम्शेरका खास मान्छे सिद्धवीर माथेमामाथि रिसइवी साँधी उनले सम्हालेको माल अड्डा जाँच गराउन लगाई माथेमामाथि तीन लाख अनियमितता गरेको आरोप लगाइयो। सिद्धवीरले वीरगन्ज बजार बसाल्नमा खर्च गरिएको हिसाब देखाउँदा त्यसलाई अमान्य ठहर गरियो र तत्काल रकम तिर्न आदेश जारी भयो। माथेमाले आफूले नखाएकाले रकम तिर्न नसक्ने जवाफ दिएपछि सजाय स्वरूप छातीमा साइनबोर्ड टाँसेर बाजागाजा सहित बजार परिक्रमा गराउँदै मच्छाखुशीमा लगेर काटी मारीदिनु भन्ने [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को मौखिक फैसला भयो। खाइ नखाई अहोरात्र खटेर वीरगन्ज बजार स्थापनामा वीर शम्शेरलाई सहयोग पुर्याउने माथेमा माथि मृत्युदण्डको फैसला भएको खबर सुनेपछि स्व. श्री ३ वीरशम्शेरकी महारानीले आफ्नो तर्फबाट रु. तीन लाख रकम तिरिदिएर माथेमालाई मृत्युदण्डको सजायबाट छुटकारा दिलाइन्। चन्द्र शम्शेरले आफ्ना दाइले स्थापना गरेको वीरगन्ज बजारलाई समेत विस्थापित गर्न चाहेका थिए। उनी वीरगन्जको बजारलाई त्यहाँबाट हटाएर [[रौतहट जिल्ला|रौतहट]]को हजमिनियामा बसाल्न चाहन्थे। बजार विस्थापित गर्ने चाल अनुसार वि.सं. १९८० मा [[रक्सौल]]देखि वीरगन्जको मुख्य बजार अतिक्रमण गर्दै [[अमलेखगञ्ज|अमलेखगंज]]सम्म [[नेपाल गभर्मेन्ट रेलवे|रेल लाइन सेवा]] विस्तार गरे। लिंकबाट रेल कुद्दा आसपासका घरहरू चर्कने, फुट्ने र बासिन्दाहरू आतंकित हुने गर्थे तर वीरगन्जबासीहरू अनेक विन्ती भाउ गर्दै रेललाइन बजार बाहिर सार्न अनुरोध गर्नतर्फ लागे तर उनी हजमिनिया जान तयार भएनन्। पछि रेल्वे लिंक बजारको पूर्वतर्फ (बजार बाहिर) सारिएको थियो।<ref>[http://birgunjmun.gov.np/ne/node/193 वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका "औद्योगिक तथा व्यापारिक शहर सुसंस्कृत, सभ्य हाम्रो वीरगन्ज महानगर" » परिचय » सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय]</ref> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या २,७२,३८२ रहेको छ। यस महानगरपालिकालाई ३२ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू/गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || वीरगन्ज (१) || ८,८४१ || ०.८६ || १०,२८०.२३ |- | २ || वीरगन्ज (२) || ९,२८१ || २.०५ || ४,५२७.३२ |- | ३ || वीरगन्ज (३) || ७,६०४ || ०.५७ || १३,३४०.३५ |- | ४ || वीरगन्ज (४-५) || ३,२८५ || ०.२५ || १३,१४०.०० |- | ५ || वीरगन्ज (६) || ४,४४० || ०.१८ || २४,६६६.६७ |- | ६ || वीरगन्ज (७-८,११) || ३,५६४ || ०.२६ || १३,७०७.६९ |- | ७ || वीरगन्ज (९) || ४,१४१ || ०.१५ || २७,६०६.६७ |- | ८ || वीरगन्ज (१०) || ५,००८ || ०.३८ || १३,१७८.९५ |- | ९ || वीरगन्ज (१२) || ४,१३३ || ०.२६ || १५,८९६.१५ |- | १० || वीरगन्ज (१३) || १४,९४३ || १.३ || ११,४९४.६२ |- | ११ || वीरगन्ज (१४) || १४,७१८ || ०.९८ || १५,०१८.३७ |- | १२ || वीरगन्ज (१५) || ९,४९९ || ०.६१ || १५,५७२.१३ |- | १३ || वीरगन्ज (१६) || १२,१९३ || १.०२ || ११,९५३.९२ |- | १४ || वीरगन्ज (१७) || १२,६६७ || २.६५ || ४,७८०.०० |- | १५ || वीरगन्ज (१८) || १५,७७१ || ४.७५ || ३,३२०.२१ |- | १६ || वीरगन्ज (१९) || २१,३७५ || ४.९३ || ४,३३५.७० |- | १७ || [[अलौ]] || ९,७६५ || ५.०९ || १,९१८.४७ |- | १८ || [[भवानीपुर, पर्सा|भवानीपुर]] || ८,१९८ || ५.३४ || १,५३५.२० |- | १९ || [[बिन्दबासिनी, पर्सा|बिन्दबासिनी]] || ५,९७१ || ३.५९ || १,६६३.२३ |- | २० || [[हरपतगन्ज]] || ७,६४८ || ४.४ || १,७३८.१८ |- | २१ || [[लिपनी बिर्ता]] || ८,४२६ || ५.७४ || १,४६७.९४ |- | २२ || [[मनियारी]] || ४,७९७ || ५.०८ || ९४४.२९ |- | २३ || [[पर्सौनी बिर्ता]] || ५,३४३ || ३.०१ || १,७७५.०८ |- | २४ || [[रामगढवा]] || १०,२७७ || ४.६७ || २,२००.६४ |- | २५ || [[सिर्सिया दा.पु.]] || ४,३६२ || २.८३ || १,५४१.३४ |- | २६ || [[सुगौली बिर्ता]] || ६,५०९ || ४.८८ || १,३३३.८१ |- | २७ || [[उदयपुर घुर्मी]] || ७,४०० || ९.४४ || ७८३.९० |- | २८ || [[बगही, पर्सा|बगही]] || ७,३८० || ७.३५ || १,००४.०८ |- | २९ || [[बसडिलवा]] || ७,८५८ || ६.८८ || १,१४२.१५ |- | ३० || [[लाल पर्सा|लालपर्सा]] || ५,१३८ || ४.८६ || १,०५७.२० |- | ३१ || [[बेलवा पर्सौनी]] || १०,४४४ || २८.३४ || ३६८.५३ |- | ३२ || [[चोर्नी]] || ११,४०३ || ९.४ || १,२१३.०९ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! २,७२,३८२ !! १३२.१ !! २,०६१.९४ |} == भौगोलिक अवस्थिति == मुलुकको आर्थिक राजधानी र प्रवेशद्वारको रूपमा परिचित औद्योगिक एवं व्यापारिक सहर वीरगन्जको स्थापना राणा प्रधानमन्त्री वीरशम्शेरले सन् १८९७ (वि.सं.१९५४)मा गरेको हुनाले उनकै नाउँमा उक्त सहरको नाम रहेको हो। भारत [[चम्पारण जिल्ला]]को सीमावर्ती बजार रक्सौलबाट करिब तीन कि.मी. को दूरीमा र नेपालको दक्षिणी तराई क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित उक्त सहर समुद्री सतहदेखि सरदर ९१ मीटर उचाइमा छ। पूर्व र उत्तरमा [[बारा जिल्ला]], पश्चिममा रामगठवा, पर्सैनीविर्ता र सिर्सिया खतवाटोल गाविस र दक्षिणमा छिमेकी मुलुक भारत रहेको उक्त सहर पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम पनि हो। [[त्रिभुवन राजपथ]] र [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]] जोड्ने पथलैयाबाट २८ कि.मी. उत्तर र काठमाडौँ हवाइमार्गबाट १५ मिनेटको दूरीमा अवस्थित तथा [[सिमरा विमानस्थल]]बाट अत्यन्त नजीकै वीरगन्जमा [[नेवार जाति|नेवार]], [[ब्राह्मण|बाहुन]], [[क्षेत्री]], [[मुसलमान]], [[थारू जाति|थारू]], कुर्मी, [[यादव]], कानु, [[तेली]], [[कलवार]], [[कोइरी]], [[चमार]], [[दुसाध]], मल्लाह, [[मारवाडी]], [[तामाङ जाति|तामाङ]] आदि जाति पारस्परिक सद्भावका साथ बसोवास गर्दै आएका छन्। वीरगन्ज पर्सा जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम हो। पर्सा जिल्लाको नामकरण यहाको महुवन् मथवलमा रहेको पारसनाथको मन्दिरको नामबाट गरिएको हो। == रितिथिति == वि.सं. २०१० मा नगरपालिका घोषणा भएको वीरगन्जमा विशेषगरी [[दसैँ|दशैं]], [[तिहार]], [[छठ]], [[वार्तालाप:माघे सङ्क्रान्ति|मकर संक्रान्ति]], [[राम नवमी|रामनवमी]], [[होली|फागु]], [[कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी|कृष्णाष्टमी]], भीमसेन जात्रा, [[महाशिवरात्रि|शिवरात्री]] र [[वसन्त पञ्चमी|श्रीपञ्चमी]] आदि चाडपर्व मनाउने [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]], [[बुद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]], [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] र [[इसाई धर्म|ईसाई]] धर्मावलम्वी छन्। धार्मिक सहिष्णुता रहेको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा हिन्दुधर्म र दर्शनको दिग्दर्शन हुने शंकराचार्य द्वार (वीरगन्ज), वौद्ध चैत्य-विहार, सङ्गीतमय फोहरासहित [[घडिअर्वा पोखरी]], गहवामाई मन्दिर, नैतले काली मन्दिर,घण्टाघर (वीरगन्ज), भारतीय रेल्वे सञ्जालसँग जोडिएको नेपालको एक मात्र सुख्खा बन्दरगाह ([[वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह|वीरगंज आन्तरिक सुक्खा बन्दरगाह]] ), तरण ताल (स्वीमिंग पुल), महावीर मन्दिर, विर्तामाई मन्दिर,हनुमान मन्दिर (वीरगन्ज) र अलखिया लगायत विविध धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय स्थल छन् भने काठमाडौँ बाहिर भारतीय महावाणिज्य दूतावास र परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयको सम्पर्क कार्यालय वीरगन्जमा मात्र स्थापना भएको छ। विशेषगरी [[भोजपुरी भाषा|भोजपुरी]], [[नेपाली]], [[नेवारी (स्पष्टता)|नेवारी]], [[मैथिली भाषा|मैथिली]] र [[मारवाडी भाषा]] भाषी बसोबास गरेको वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका ३५ वर्ग कि.मी.मा फैलिएको र १९ वडामा विभाजित छ। राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार ६० हजार ९ सय ५६ पुरूष र ५१ हजार ५ सय २८ महिला गरी कुल एक लाख १२ हजार ४ सय ८४ जना जनसङ्ख्या भएको उक्त महानगरपालिकामा कुल १९ हजार ९ सय १० घरपरिवार सङ्ख्या छ भने ४ दशमलव ८९ प्रतिशत जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि दर छ। == नगर == [[चित्र:Ghantaghar Birgunj.JPG|thumb|घण्टाघर वीरगन्ज]] नगरपालिकाको घोषणा भएपछि नगरप्रमुखमा क्रमशः केशरबहादुर मानन्धर (२०१०-२०१८), स्व. पशुपति घोष (२०१९-२०२५), गणेशबहादुर रावल (२०२५-२०३०), स्व. गोपालप्रसाद प्रधान (२०३०-२०३८) र विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव (२०३९-२०४६) कार्यरत रहनु भएको थियो। बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्र पुन:स्थापना पछि २०४९ सालमा नगर प्रमुखमा [[नेपाली कांग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]]का स्व. माधवलाल श्रेष्ठ र उपप्रमुखमा अजय द्विवेद्वी निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो भने २०५४ को दोस्रो निर्वाचनमा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव नगरप्रमुख र नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका कृष्णमुरारी रौनियार उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियो। वि.सं. २०६० पछि करिव एक वर्ष श्री ५ को सरकारले राप्रपाका गोपाल गिरीलाई प्रमुख र कृष्णमुरारी रौनियारलाई उपप्रमुख पदमा मनोनयन गरेकोमा २०६० माघ १ गते नगर प्रमुख गिरीलाई माओवादीले गोली हानी हत्या गरेपछि सरकारले राप्रपाका प्रदीपकुमार सुवेदीलाई नगरप्रमुखमा मनोनयन गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०७४ मा सम्पन्न स्थानिय निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाको प्रमुखमा बिजय सरावगी र उपप्रमुखमा शान्ति कार्की निर्वाचित हुनु भएको थियाे भने २०७९ मा सम्पन्न निर्वाचनमा महानगरपालिकाकाे प्रमुखमा राजेशमान सिंह र उपप्रमुखमा इम्तियाज आलम निर्वाचित हुनु भएकाे छ । सिंह ४६२१५ मत ल्याउँदै प्रमुखमा निर्वाचित हुनुभएकाे हाे भने आलमले २३६७१ मत ल्याएर उपप्रमुखमा निर्वाचित भएका हुन् । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{पर्सा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका महानगरीय नगरपालिकाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:तराईका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रमुख स्थानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका महानगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीको नामबाट नामकरण गरिएका ठाउँहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल–भारत सीमामा स्थित पारवहन र भन्सार चौकीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका पूर्व उपमहानगरपालिकाहरू]] 6plvrlw722kdyk31brt6fh3xpu4sxjd 0 8053 1368393 1368233 2026-08-04T02:40:02Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = सूर्यबहादुर थापा | image = Surya_Bahadur_Thapa_2005-11-24.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | office1 = [[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|नेपालका २४औँ प्रधानमन्त्री]] | monarch1 = [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]] | term_start1 = २०२२ | term_end1 = २०२६ | predecessor1 = [[तुल्सी गिरी]] | successor1 = [[तुल्सी गिरी]] | office2 = | monarch2 = [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]] | term_start2 = २०३५ | term_end2 = २०३८ | predecessor2 = [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तीनिधि बिष्ट]] | successor2 = निरन्तर | office3 = | monarch3 = [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]] | term_start3 = २०३८ | term_end3 = २०४० | predecessor3 = निरन्तर | successor3 = [[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]] | office4 = | monarch4 = [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]] | term_start4 = २०५४ | term_end4 = २०५५ | predecessor4 = [[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]] | successor4 = [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | office5 = | monarch5 = [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]] | term_start5 = २०५९ | term_end5 = २०६१ | predecessor5 = [[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]] | successor5 = [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] | birth_date = १९८४ चैत्र ९ | birth_place = [[धनकुटा जिल्ला|धनकुटा]], [[नेपाल]] | death_date = २०७२ वैशाख २ | death_place = [[मेदान्ता अस्पताल]], [[नयाँ दिल्ली]], [[भारत]] | party = [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] | spouse = | alma_mater = दरबार हाइस्कूल, [[इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय]], भारत | signature = }} [[File:Pashu and Surya.jpg|thumb|250px|right|सूर्य बहादुर थापा सँग [[पशुपति शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पशुपति शम्शेर राणा]]]] '''सूर्य बहादुर थापा''' (वि.सं.१९८४-२०७२) नेपालका राजनीतिज्ञ तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री थिए। उनी धेरै पटक प्रधानमन्त्री हुनेहरू मध्येमा पर्दछन् जो आफ्नो जीवनमा पटक पटक गरी ५ पटक [[नेपाल|नेपालको]] प्रधानमन्त्री भएका थिए। थापा [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]], [[शाह वंश|राजा बीरेन्द्र]] र [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]] गरी तीन राजाहरूको शासनकालमा प्रधानमन्त्री भएका थिए। [[धनकुटा जिल्ला]]को [[मुगा]] गा. बि. स. मा जन्मेका उनी [[लामिछाने थापा]] हुन्। उनी काठमाडौंको मालीगाउँमा बस्दथे। [[File:Surya bahadur thapa.jpeg|thumb|सूर्यबहादुर थापा आफ्नो ८७औं जन्मोत्सव मनाउँदै]] बि. सं. २०१५ सालमा [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]बाट संसदको निर्वाचन घोषणा भएपछि गठीत सल्लाहकार सभामा सूर्यबहादुर थापा अध्यक्ष भएका थिए। बि. सं. २०१७ साल पुस १ गते राजा महेन्द्रले संसदीय व्यवस्था अन्त्य गरेर निर्दलीय पञ्चायत व्यवस्था स्थापना गरेपछि यिनी मन्त्री, मन्त्रीपरिषद्को उपाध्यक्ष हुँदै अध्यक्ष सम्म बनेका थिए। पञ्चायतको पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्री (भनिने) यिनै बनेका थिए। राजनीतिक व्यवस्था जस्तोसुकै भए पनि सूर्यबहादुर थापाले उदारवादी राजनीतिक अवधारणालाई सधैँ आफ्नो प्राथमिकतामा राखे। बि. सं. २०३६ सालको जनमत सङ्ग्रह अघि नै थापाले नेपालमा चलिरहेको राजदरबार र सिंहदरबारको द्वैध शासन अन्त्य हुनुपर्ने माग गरेका थिए। बि. सं. २०३६ सालको जनमत संग्रहलाई निर्दलीय पञ्चायतको पक्षमा ल्याउन साम, दाम, दण्ड, भेदको नीति अख्तियार गरेर चर्चाको शिखरमा रहेका थापाले तत्कालीन राजा वीरेन्द्रसँग समन्वय स्थापित गर्न सकेनन्। राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायतमा उनका विरुद्ध ल्याइएको [[अविश्वास प्रस्ताव|अविश्वासको प्रस्ताव]]मा नाटकीय रूपले उनी पराजित भए। प्रजातन्त्र पुनर्स्थापना पछि [[नेपाली कांग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]]को समर्थनमा प्रधानमन्त्री बनेका थापा ज्ञानेन्द्रको शासनकालमा पनि प्रधानमन्त्री भएका थिए। छर-छिमेकका राजनीतिमा सुझबुझपूर्ण समझदारी राख्ने थापा नेपालका केही परिपक्व राजनीतिज्ञ मध्ये एक मानिन्छन्। उनी जीवन भर नै राजनितीमा निकै सकि्य थिए। [[File:Surya Bahadur Thapa at home.JPG|thumb|सूर्यबहादुर थापा घरमा]] ==प्रधानमन्त्री == ===पहिलो कार्यकाल === सन् १९६३ मा कुनै निर्वाचनमा उम्मेदवारीसमेत नदिएका थापालाई [[नेपालका राजा महेन्द्र|राजा महेन्द्र]]ले राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायतमा मनोनीत गरेका थिए। त्यसपछि उनलाई मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अध्यक्ष तथा अर्थ, कानुन, न्याय र सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्री नियुक्त गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?bbbid=MX22o4PJ3Q0C |title=Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation |author1=Bhuwan Lal Joshi |author2=Leo E. Rose |name-list-style=amp |publisher=University of California Press |date=1966 |pages=434–441 |access-date=2015-04-16}}</ref> यस अवधिमा उनी ‘‘भूमि-बिर्ता प्रणाली’’को उन्मूलनमा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिकामा रहेका थिए। साथै, मोहीहरूको भोगाधिकारलाई सुदृढ गर्दै भूमि सुधारलाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्न विभिन्न रणनीति निर्माण गर्नमा पनि उनले योगदान पुर्‍याएका थिए। थापा [[मुलुकी ऐन]] निर्माण तथा कार्यान्वयनसँग पनि सम्बन्धित थिए। यसमार्फत उनले [[छुवाछुत|अछुत जाति]]सम्बन्धी प्रथाको अन्त्य गर्ने तथा महिलाहरूलाई मतदानको अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने लगायतका सामाजिक सुधारका प्रयासहरू अघि बढाएका थिए। ===दोस्रो कार्यकाल === सन् १९६६ मा संशोधित नेपालको संविधानअन्तर्गत थापा पुनः प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त भए। उनी सन् १९६२ को संविधानको कार्यक्षेत्र विस्तार गर्न जिम्मेवार थिए र संविधानलाई “जनमुखी” बनाउन यसको दोस्रो संशोधन जारी गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nepalresearch.com/history/background/govts_pancha_period.htm | title=Nepalresearch | access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> सन् १९६७ मा थापाले प्रधानमन्त्रीको लामो कार्यकाल देशको लोकतान्त्रिक विकासका लागि उपयुक्त नभएको भन्दै आफ्नो पदबाट राजीनामा दिए।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/surya-bahadur-thapa-democrat-whom-even-kings-favoured-121403363.html | title=Surya Bahadur Thapa - a democrat whom even kings favoured | date=2015-04-16 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427142926/https://in.news.yahoo.com/surya-bahadur-thapa-democrat-whom-even-kings-favoured-121403363.html | archive-date=2015-04-27 | first=Deepak | last=Goel | publisher=Yahoo India News }}</ref> ===तेस्रो कार्यकाल === अक्टोबर १९७२ मा थापाले इटुम–बहालमा आयोजित सार्वजनिक सम्बोधनका क्रममा राजनीतिक सुधारको माग गरेपछि उनलाई पक्राउ गरी नख्खु कारागारमा थुनिएको थियो। उक्त सम्बोधनमा उनले १३ बुँदे प्रस्ताव अघि सारेका थिए, जसमा संविधानमा लोकतान्त्रिक परिवर्तन गर्ने तथा लोकतान्त्रिक निर्वाचनमार्फत जनतालाई उनीहरूका अधिकार पुनःस्थापित गर्ने लगायतका मागहरू समावेश थिए। सन् १९७४ को मार्चमा उनले देशमा व्यापक राजनीतिक सुधारको माग गर्दै २१ दिनसम्म आमरण अनशन बसेका थिए।<ref name="HimTimes obit" /> सन् १९७९ मा प्रजातन्त्रको पक्षमा भएका प्रदर्शनपछि सन् १९८० मा आयोजित जनमतसंग्रहमा नेपाली मतदाताहरूले पञ्चायती व्यवस्थालाई निरन्तरता दिने पक्षमा मतदान गरे। त्यसपछि राजा वीरेन्द्रले १ जुन १९८० मा थापालाई प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गरे।<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/nepal-1946-present/ |title=Nepal (1946-present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas, Department of Political Science |date=2013 |access-date=2015-04-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143340/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/nepal-1946-present/ |date=2015-04-27 }}</ref> जनमतसंग्रहसँगै राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूका लागि आममाफीको व्यवस्था पनि गरिएको थियो।<ref name="auto1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtwTXyM65J4C |title=A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia |author=Ian Preston |publisher=Psychology Press |date=2001|page=204 |isbn=9781857431148 |access-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> थापाले सन् १९८१ को संसदीय निर्वाचनपछि पनि प्रधानमन्त्रीको पद कायम राखे।<ref name="auto" /> थप दुई वर्ष पदमा रहेपछि उनको सरकारले अविश्वासको प्रस्तावमा बहुमत गुमाएपछि उनले सन् १९८३ मा प्रधानमन्त्री पदबाट राजीनामा दिए।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> सन् १९८३ देखि १९९० सम्म थापाले राजनीतिक विषयमा निरन्तर आफ्ना धारणा सार्वजनिक गर्दै लोकतान्त्रिक सुधारको विरोध गर्नेहरूको आलोचना गरे र देशमा राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक विकासका प्रक्रियालाई सुदृढ बनाउन आग्रह गरे।<ref name="nd1">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenepaldigest.org/archive/the-nepal-digest-october-7-1997.html|title=PM Thapa - A Factual Profile|date=7 October 1997|publisher=Nepal Digest|access-date=21 April 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070409/http://www.thenepaldigest.org/archive/the-nepal-digest-october-7-1997.html |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> थापाका अभिव्यक्तिहरू राष्ट्रिय स्तरका विभिन्न प्रमुख समाचारपत्रहरूमा प्रकाशित तथा उद्धृत हुने गरेका थिए। थापाका विचारहरू प्रकाशित गर्ने एक सम्पादक पदम ठकुराठीको हत्या गर्ने प्रयाससमेत भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nepalimediahistoryresearchcollection.blogspot.ca/2012/08/attempted-assassination-of-journalist.html |title=Attempted Assassination of Journalist Padam Thakurathi and Its Reporting in Bimarsha on September 12, 1986 |author=Harsha Man Maharjan |publisher=nepali media history research collection |date=2012 |access-date=2015-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-rdT7on5ZgC |title=Histoire politique du Népal – Aux origines de l'insurrection maoïste |author=Michelle Kergoat |publisher=KARTHALA Editions |date=2008 |page=130 |isbn=9782811142391 |access-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> पश्चिम नेपालको झलारी हुँदै यात्रा गरिरहेका बेला थापा स्वयंको हत्या गर्ने प्रयाससमेत भएको थियो।<ref name="nd1"/> [[File:Pashu and Surya.jpg|thumb|left|पूर्वप्रधानमन्त्री सूर्यबहादुर थापा (बायाँ) राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टीका नेता [[पशुपति शमशेर जबरा|पशुपति शमशेर]] जबरासँग।]] ===चौथो कार्यकाल २०५४=== २०५४ असोज २० मा [[नेपाली कांग्रेस|कांग्रेस]]को सहयोगमा सूर्यबहादुर थापाको नेतृत्वमा सरकार गठन भयो। वि.सं. २०५४ साल पौष २४ मा प्रधानमन्त्री थापाले संसद् विघटनका लागि राजा समक्ष सिफारिस गरेका थिए। पौष २९ मा राजाले संसद विघटन र विशेष अधिवेशनको समावेदन मध्ये कुनले प्राथमिकता पाउने भनेर [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]सँग राय मागे। २०५४ माघ २२ मा सर्वोच्च अदालतले विशेष अधिवेशन बोलाउने प्रावधानलाई मान्यता दिनु पर्ने राय पेस गरेको थियो। राजाले संसद विघटन रद्द गरेका थिए। संसद विघटनको मुद्दालाई लिएर राप्रपा पार्टी फुट्यो र लोकन्द्रबहादुर चन्दले राप्रपा (चन्द) गठन गरेका थिए। २०५४ चैत्र २८ मा सुर्यबहादुर थापाले राजीनामा दिए। ===पाँचौ कार्यकाल === ==निधन== थापाको बि. स. २०७२ वैशाख २ गते राति निधन भयो। ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा उनको भारतको मेदान्त अस्पतालमा निधन भएको थियो। क्यान्सरमा पिडित उनको उपचारको क्रममा निधन भएको हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepaliheadlines.com/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D/ |title=पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री सु... |website=नेपालीहेडलाईनस }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्यलिङ्कहरू== *[http://setopati.com/raajneeti/27026/ राजकीय सम्मानका साथ थापाको अन्त्येष्टी-सेतोपाटी अनलाईन खबर ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419071136/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/27026/ |date=2015-04-19 }} *[http://www.onlinekhabar.com/2015/04/267242/ दिवंगत पूर्वप्रधानमन्त्री थापाको अन्तिम बिदाइ-अनलाईन खबर] *[http://www.ratopati.com/2015/04/17/227117.html अलबिदा सूर्यबहादुर !-रातोपाटि अनलाईन खबर] *{{Commons category-inline}} {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[तुल्सी गिरी]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=१९६३–१९६४}} {{S-aft|after=[[तुल्सी गिरी]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[तुल्सी गिरी]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=१९६५–१९६९}} {{S-aft|after=[[कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=१९७९–१९८३}} {{S-aft|after=[[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=१९९७–१९९८}} {{S-aft|after=[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=२००३–२००४}} {{S-aft|after=[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]}} {{S-end}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोला== *[[विश्वबन्धु थापा]] *[[चिरण शम्शेर थापा]] {{नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९२८ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी :त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]] [[श्रेणी : गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका अर्थ मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:माओवादी जनयुद्धका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] [[श्रेणी:धनकुटा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२०औँ शताब्दीका नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] rsg37glasgsuzkb55y2fqrca313dgp1 10 16144 1368415 1366429 2026-08-04T05:41:55Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ +समाचार 1368415 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{| style="border:none; background:none;" |style="text-align:left; width:100%; "|{{आजको तारिक}}|}--> <!--कृपया ५ वटा समाचार मात्र राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद --> <noinclude>{{प्रमुख समाचार शीर्षक}}</noinclude> {{In the news/image | image = Broad Peak in July 2006.jpg|100x100px <!--NOTE: Do not use an unprotected Commons file. 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आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|भेनेजुएलामा आक्रमण]]''' गर्दै राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]लाई पक्राउ गरेको छ। * <!-- २०८२ मङ्सिर ६--> [[बङ्गलादेश]]की पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]] लाई बङ्गलादेशी न्यायाधिकरणले '''[[शेख हसिना विरुद्धको मुद्दा|मानवता विरुद्धको अपराधमा दोषी ठहर]]''' गर्दै [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को सजाय सुनाएको छ। <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <!--'''हालका निधन''':--> <div class="itn-footer hlist hlist-separated noprint" style="text-align: right;"> {{Flatlist|class=inline}} *'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार|थप विवरण]]''' *'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार|आवेदन]]'''</div> {{endflatlist}} knra8q7tj6glj8fc5ygey3p0kw6oqk5 0 25424 1368361 1351997 2026-08-03T14:04:46Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* */ 1368361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Prime Minister | honorific-prefix = [[माननीय]] | image = Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri Sher Bahadur Deuba, in Glasgow, Scotland on November 02, 2021 (1).jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|13|df=y}}<br> २००३ जेठ ३१<ref>http://lokaantar.com/biswo/14881/ सिंहदरबारमा चौथो इनिङ, को हुन् शेरबहादुर देउवा ?</ref> | office = [[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|४३औँ प्रधानमन्त्री (नेपाल)]]<ref>{{cite news|title=शेरबहादुर देउवा: विद्यार्थी राजनीतिदेखि पाँचौँ पटक प्रधानमन्त्रीसम्म|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-57818500|accessdate=13 जुलाई 2021|agency=https://www.bbc.com/nepali}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=देउवा प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त, सपथको तयारी|url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/243073/|accessdate=13 जुलाई 2021|agency=https://www.setopati.com/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027220534/https://www.setopati.com/politics/243073/ |date=2021-10-27 }}</ref> | term_start = २०७८ असार २९ | term_end = २०७९ पुष ११ | president = [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]] | predecessor = [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली ]] | term_start1 = २०७४ जेठ २४ | term_end1 = २०७४ फागुन ३ | president1 = [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]] | predecessor1 = [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल|पुष्पकमल दाहाल प्रचण्ड]] | successor1 = [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली ]] | term_start2 = २०५२ भदौ २७ | term_end2 = २०५३ फागुन २९ | monarch2 = [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]] | predecessor2 = [[मनमोहन अधिकारी]] | successor2 = [[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]] | term_start3 = २०५८ साउन ११ | term_end3 = २०५९ असोज १८ | monarch3 = [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह]] | predecessor3 = [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor3 = राजा [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह]] | term_start4 = २०६१ जेठ २१ | term_end4 = २०६१ माघ १९ | monarch4 = [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]] | predecessor4 = [[सूर्यबहादुर थापा]] | successor4 = राजा [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह]] | spouse = [[आरजु राणा देउवा]] | signature = Signature_of_Sher_Bahadur_Deuba.png }} '''शेरबहादुर देउवा''' [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका]]।<ref><nowiki>https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-57803101</nowiki></ref> देउवा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]को संसदीय दलको समेत नेतृत्व गर्दै वि.सं. २०५२ सालमा पहिलोपटक [[नेपाल]]को प्रधानमन्त्री बनेका थिए। पटक पटक गरी देउवा ५<ref>{{cite news|title=देउवा प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त, ६ बजे शपथ|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2021/07/13/162616003151478723.html|accessdate=13 जुलाई 2021|agency=https://ekantipur.com/}}</ref> पटक प्रधानमन्त्री बन्न सफल रहेका छन्। अहिले काग्रेसले विशेष अधिवेशनबाट उनलाई हटाएको छ । निर्वाचन आयोगले विशेष अधिवेशनलाई बैधता दिएको थियो। आयोगको निर्णयलाई सर्वोच्च अदालतले सदर गरेको थियो र उनले फैसला पुनरावलोकनको लागि निवेदन दिएका छन् । [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]को विभाजन पछि उनी [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (प्रजातान्त्रिक)]]को सभापति थिए। काङ्ग्रेस पुनर्मिलन पश्चात् उनी आफ्नो पार्टीसँगै नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसमा गाभिएका छन्। शेरबहादुर देउवा चार पटक प्रधानमन्त्री रहिसकेका नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका सभापति शेरबहादुर देउवा [[डडेल्धुरा जिल्ला|डडेलधुरा जिल्ला]] क्षेत्र नं. १ र [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला]] क्षेत्र नं. ४ बाट संविधानसभामा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछन्। वि.सं. २०४८,२०५१ र २०५६ का संसदीय निर्वाचनहरूमा [[डडेल्धुरा जिल्ला|डडेलधुरा जिल्ला]] क्षेत्र नं. १ बाट विजयी देउवाले गृहमन्त्रीको समेत जिम्मेवारी सम्हालिसकेका छन्। उनी माओवादी समस्या समाधानका लागि गठित उच्चस्तरीय समितिका अध्यक्ष थिए। प्रजातान्त्रिक विद्यार्थी आन्दोलनबाट राजनीतिमा होमिएका देउवा नेपाल विद्यार्थी सङ्घ (ने. वि. सङ्घ)का प्रथम सभापति थिए र सुदूर पश्चिममा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का सर्वाधिक प्रभावशाली व्यक्तित्व मानिन्छन्। राजनीतिक सङ्घर्षका क्रममा उनले नौ वर्ष जेल जीवन बिताएका छन्। [[देउवा]]ले नेतृत्व गरेको जननिर्वाचित सरकारलाई तत्कालीन [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]]ले २०५९ सालमा "असक्षम"को आरोप लगाई विघटन गरेका थिए भने उनैले दुई वर्ष पछि वि.सं. २०६१ सालमा पुनः प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गरेका थिए। पार्टीको अन्तरिक द्वन्द्वका क्रममा देउवाले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा वि.सं. २०५९ सालमा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (प्रजातान्त्रिक)]]को गठन गरेका थिए भने वि.सं. २०६४ सालमा सो पार्टीको [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]सँग एकीकरण भयो र उनी वरिष्ठ नेतामा स्थापित भए। प्रजातन्त्र प्रतिको अटुट लगाव र तदनुरूप सङ्घर्ष तथा व्यक्तित्व र आचरणका कारण जनताले आफूलाई सधैँ विजयी गराउँदै आएको मान्ने देउवा [[संविधान सभा]]मा लोकतन्त्रको संस्थागत विकासका लागि क्रियाशील हुने बताउछन्। [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट राजनीतिशास्त्रमा एम्. ए. गरेका उनी देउवा सोही विषयमा लन्डन स्कूल अफ इकोनमिक्सका रिसर्च फेलो रहिसकेका छन्। शेरबहादुर देउवा र उनकी श्रीमती [[आरजु राणा देउवा]] पनि [[संविधान सभा]] सभासद् थिए।<ref>[http://www.nepalcaportal.org संविधान सभा निर्वाचन पोर्टल] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218052452/http://nepalcaportal.org/ |date=2014-12-18 }}</ref> ==पारिवारिक पृष्ठभूमि== [[डडेल्धुरा जिल्ला]] गन्यापधुरा गाउँपालिका १ रुवाखोला निवासी एक सम्पन्न परिवारको रूपमा रहेको शेर बहादुर [[देउवा]]को परिवारलाई डडेल्धुरा क्षेत्रमा ठकुरी [[देउवा]] परिवार भनेर चिन्दछन। डोटी पचनाली, लुलानी मल्ल, [[डोटी जिल्ला|डोटी]] बोगटानी बम र [[बोगटी]] रजवारसंग मात्र बैबाहिक सम्बन्ध गर्ने यो परिवार सम्पन्न र जागिरदार परिवारको रूपमा ऐतिहासिक कालदेखि चिनिदै आएको परिवार हो। डोटी राज्यकालमा डडेल्धुराको "पश्यगर्खा क्षेत्र" यिनैको अधिनमा थियो। चन्द्रवंशी, कश्यप गोत्रीय यी देउवाको कुलको देवता बडालको गन्याप लाटो (गणेश) र [[अशिग्राम केदार]] हो। जानकारी भए अनुसार डोटी राज्यकालमा चर्चित बनेका कुसलसिंह देउवा [[रजवार]]का दुई पुत्र जेठा गोमनसिंह देउवा रजवार र कान्छा बहादुर सिंह देउवा रजवार हुन्। जेठा गोमन सिंह देउवा रजवारका एक पुत्र उदैसिंह देउवा रजवार भए उदैसिंह देउवा रजवारका एक पुत्र प्रसादसिंह देउवा रजवार हुन्। प्रशादसिंह देउवा रजवारका दुई श्रीमती (डडेल्धुरा गणेशपुर मैरोड़ाका मल्लकुलकी छोरी धनादेबी (मल्ल) देउवा र [[बोगटान राज्य|डोटी बोगटान]]का बम कुलकी छोरी द्रोपती (बम) देउवा)बाट ३/३ छोराहरू गरेर ६ छोराहरू क्रमश शेरबहादुर देउवा, लोकबहादुर देउवा, गणेशबहादुर देउवा, प्रेमबहादुर देउवा, ललितबहादुर देउवा र बलबहादुर देउवाको जन्म भयो। यी ६ भाइ मध्ये जेठ पुत्र शेरबहादुर देउवा राजनीतिमा सफल व्यक्तित्व बन्न पुगे शेरबहादुर देउवाका एक पुत्र जयबिर देउवा छन्। शेरबहादुरका भतिजा शिवबहादुर देउवा नेपाली सेनामा बरिष्ट क्याप्टन हुँदै मेजरको रूपमा लोकप्रिय अधिकृत भएर सेवा दिरहेका छन्। माईला लोकबहादुर देउवाका पुत्र भानबहादुर देउवा (भानु देउवा) शेरबहादुर देउवाका पिए (स्वकीय) सचिब छन्। निडर, निस्कपटी भावना भएका शेरबहादुर देउवा नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री र एउटा ठुलो राजनीतिक पार्टीको प्रमुख ब्यक्ति बन्न सफल भएर आफ्नो पुर्खाको बीरताले भरिएको, [[वीरगाथा]], [[चैत गीत]] [[धमारी]]मा समेटिएको देउवा कुलकै गौरव र इतिहास बचाउन पनि सफल बने भन्ने मान्यता जानकारहरू राख्दछन। देउवाहरू डडेल्धुराको रुवाखोला, कुमाऊ बंडालु, पिथौड़ागड, सोर, चंदेनी र डोटी गड्सेरा देउवान क्षेत्रमा गरी झन्डै ५०० परिवारको सङ्ख्या (कुमाऊ क्षेत्रमा -२००, डोटी गड्सेरा देउवान क्षेत्रमा १५०, र रुवाखोला क्षेत्रमा १५०)मा फैलिएर रहेका छन्। कुमाऊमा [[भारतीय सेना]]का अधिकृत, डाक्टर, इन्जिनियर छन्। नेपालमा आफ्नो कुलको व्यक्ति शेरबहादुर देउवा देशको प्रधानमन्त्री बनेकोमा गौरव गर्छन।आकासमै इन्धन सकिएपछि प्रधानमन्त्री देउवा चढेको हेलिकप्टर आकस्मिक अवतरण काठमाडौँ- प्रधानमन्त्री शेर बहादुर देउवा , शिक्षा मन्त्रि देवेन्द्र पौडेल लगायत सवार रहेको हेलिकप्टरमा इन्धन सकिएपछि आकस्मिक अवतरण गरिएको छ। काठमाडौँ बाट धनगढी उडेका प्रधानमन्त्री देउवा सहितको टोलि सवार हेलीकप्टर गौतम बुद्ध विमानस्थल भैरहवामा अवतरण गरिएको हो। प्रधानमन्त्री देउवा सुदूरपश्चिम विश्वविद्यालयको दीक्षान्त समारोहमा सहभागी हुन काठमाडौँबाट नेपाली सेनाको हेलिकोप्टरमा सवार थिए।इन्धन भर्नको लागि उक्त हेलिकप्टर झन्डै २० मिनेट लुम्बिनी विमानस्थलमा रोकिएको थियो। शुक्रबार प्रधानमन्त्री शेरबहादुर देउवाको कार्यक्रम सुदुरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा तय भएको थियो।दिउँसो उनी त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विभानस्थलबाट धनगढीका लागि हेलिकप्टर चढे। तर देउवा चडेको हेलिकप्टर उड्दा उड्दै आकाशमा इन्धन सकिन लागेपछि भैरहवामा आकस्मिक अवतरण गरिएको सुरक्षा स्रोतले जनाएको छ।उनी चढेको हेलिकप्टर गौतमबुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलमा अवतरण गरिएको हो। जसका कारण देउवा करिब २० मिनेट जति भैरहवामै बस्नु परेको बताइएको छ।सुदूरपश्चिम विश्वविद्यालयको दीक्षान्त समारोहमा सहभागी हुन काठमाडौँबाट नेपाली सेनाको हेलिकोप्टरमा त्यसतर्फ उडेका थिए। देशको प्रमुख कार्यकारीको सवारमा समेत यतिसम्मको हेलचेक्याइ हुन अस्वभाविक हो।सामान्यतया कुनै पनि स्थानमा पुग्नका लागि आवश्यक इन्धनको व्यवस्था नगरि उडान भर्नु सम्बन्धित निकायको गैरजिम्मेवारीपना पनि हो। ==युवावस्था== एउटा विकट सिथानमा जन्मेर पनि शेर बहादुर देउवाले आफ्नो जीवन गरिव, पिछडिएको समाज, जाति, बर्ग, देशको निम्ति समर्पण गरेको पाइन्छ। [[डडेल्धुरा जिल्ला]] अशिग्राम गाउँ विकास समितिको रुवाखोला जस्तो बिकट स्थानमा जन्मेका शेर बहादुर काठमाडौँ अध्यन गर्ने सिलसिलामा प्रजातन्त्रको निम्ति सङ्घर्ष गर्दा तत्कालीन पंचायती राज्यको शिकार भएका थिए। उनले आफ्नो युवा अवस्था प्रवासमै बिताउनु पर्यो। युवा अवस्थाको अन्तिम जवानीमा नेपाल फर्केका शेर बहादुर देउवाको लागि नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसको राजनीति सफल बन्यो उनी देशको गृहमन्त्री हुँदै प्रधानमन्त्रीसम्म बन्न सफल भए। यही राजनीतिले गर्दा योग्य शिक्षित पढेलेखेकी जीवन संगिनीसंग वहाको लगन गाठो जोडियो। ==राजनीतिक जीवन== देउवा काङ्ग्रेसका संस्थापक नेता [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बिपी कोइराला]]को प्रेरणाबाट राजनीतिमा होमिएका थिए। खासगरी वि. सं. २०१७ को राजनीतिक घटनाक्रम पछि नेपालको प्रजातान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा निरन्तर रूपमा सक्रिय उनी [[नेपाल विद्यार्थी सङ्घ|नेपाल विद्यार्थी सङ्घ]]का प्रथम निर्वाचित सभापति एवम् संस्थापक सदस्य हुन्। वि. सं. २०२८ मा उनी [[नेपाल विद्यार्थी सङ्घ|नेपाल विद्यार्थी सङ्घ]]को सभापतीमा चुनिएका थिए। वि. सं २०४८, २०५१ र २०५६ का संसदीय निर्वाचनमा [[डडेल्धुरा जिल्ला]]बाट निर्वाचित उनी वि. सं २०६४ र वि. सं २०७० सालमा भएको [[संविधान सभा]]को निर्वाचनमा डडेल्धुराका साथै [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला]] र [[कैलाली जिल्ला]]बाट समेत विजयी भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=काङ्ग्रेस सभापति शेरबहादुर देउवा प्रधानमन्त्रीमा निर्वाचित|url=http://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/06/594820/|website=अनलाइनखबर|publisher=[[अनलाइनखबर]]|accessdate=२०७४ जेठ २३}}</ref> === प्रतिपक्षी दलका नेता (२०५१-५२ ) === २०५१ मा गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइरालाले संसद विघटन गरि मध्यावधि निर्वाचन घोषणा गरे। [[आम निर्वाचन २०५१|२०५१ को मध्यावधी निर्वाचन]]मा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस दोस्रो भएपछि शेरबहादुर देउवा [[संसदीय दलको नेता|संसदीय दलको नेता]] भए। कुनै पार्टीको स्पष्ट बहुमत नआए पछि २०५१ मङ्सिर १४ मा सबैभन्दा ठुलो दल [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा एमाले]]को तर्फबाट संसदको सबैभन्दा टूलो दलको हैसियतले [[मनमोहन अधिकारी]]ले [[अल्पमतको सरकार]]को नेतृत्व गरे।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=17248 २०५१ मङ्सिर १४ को राजपत्र]</ref> २०५२ जेठ ३० मा प्रधानमन्त्री अधिकारीले [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]] समक्ष २०५२ मङ्सिर ७ मा प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचन मिति तोकेर संसद विघटनको प्रस्ताव गरे। अघिकारीले सरकारलाई काम गर्न नदिइएकाले सार्वभौम सत्ता सम्पन्न जनतामा जानुपर्ने राजनैतिक आवश्यकता रहेको तर्क दिएका थिए। प्रधानमन्त्रीको सिफारिसमा संसद विघटन भयो।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=17372 २०५२ जेठ ३० को राजपत्र]</ref> यो कदम विरुद्ध सर्वोच्च अदालतमा मुद्धा पर्‍यो। २०५२/ भदौ /१२ मा अदालतले सरकारको निर्णय उल्ट्यायो।<ref>[http://supremecourt.gov.np/nkp/full_detail/8880 निर्णय नं. ०२ - उत्प्रेषणयुक्त परमादेश] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220150147/http://supremecourt.gov.np/nkp/full_detail/8880 |date=2020-12-20 }}</ref> त्यसपछि २०५२/ भदौ /२५ मा अघिकारीले राजीनामा दिए।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=17405 <nowiki>२०५२ भदौ २५ को राजपत्र]</nowiki>]</ref> === पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (बि.सं. २०५२-५३) === २०५२ भदौ २६ मा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]को समर्थनमा देउवा पहिलो पटक प्रधानमन्त्री भएका थिए। सो पार्टीले समर्थन फिर्ता गरेपछि २०५३ फागुन २६ मा देउवा प्रधानमन्त्री पदबाट हटेका थिए। त्यसपछि एमालेको साथ लिएर [[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]]ले सरकार बनाए। उनको पहिलो कार्यकाल पजेरो काण्ड, सुरासुन्दरी काण्ड, सांसदलाई बैङ्कक पुर्याएको जस्ता घटनाले बदनाम भएको थियो। नेपाल र भारत बीचको महाकाली सन्धी उनकै कार्यकालमा भएको थियो। यो सन्धि संसदबाट पास गर्ने सन्दर्भमा प्रतिपक्षी नेकपा एमालेमा बिभाजन आयो। === दोस्रो प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल === प्रधानमन्त्री [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले राजालाई थाहा नै नदिई माओवादी विरुद्ध सेना परिचालन गरेका थिए। प्रधानसेनापतिले सो कुरा राजामा जाहेर गरे। त्यो कुरा थाहा पाएर [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]] गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालासँग आक्रोशित भए र गिरिजाको राजीनामा माग गरे। गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालाको राजीनामा पछि २०५८ साउन ७ मा शेरबहादुर देउवा प्रधानमन्त्री भए। उनको प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा [[सङ्कटकाल]] घोषणा भयो र माओवादी विरुद्ध सेना परिचालन भयो। ====सङ्कटकाल ==== २०५८ मङ्सिर ८ माओवादीले सेनामाथि पहिलो हमला गरे। दाङको घोराही [[जनमुक्ति सेना, नेपाल|माओवादी छापामार]]ले सेना, प्रहरी र निजामती अड्डाहरूमा एकसाथ आक्रमण गरे। त्यसक्रममा मेजर नरेश उप्रेती सहित १४ सैनिक, सात प्रहरी र सात माओवादी मारिए। झन्डै २२५आधुनिक हातहतियार, पचासौं हजार गोली, ८० क्विन्टल जिलेटिन सहित १२ गाडी सामान लुटेर लैजान माओवादी सफल भए। त्यसैल रात माओवादीले स्याङ्जामा र तीन दिनपछि सोलुखुम्बुमा हमला भयो। सेनामाथि हात हालेपछि विद्रोहीलाई सरकारले आतङ्ककारी घोषित गर्दै देशव्यापी [[सङ्कटकाल]] लगायो र फौजी कारबाही शुरु गर्यो। ====संसद विघटन ==== संसदले सङ्कटकाल नलम्बाउने र देउवा माथि [[अविश्वास प्रस्ताव|अविस्वास प्रस्ताव]] ल्याउने तयारी गर्दै गर्दा उनले [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]] समक्ष २०५९ जेठ ८ संसद विघटन गर्न सिफारिस गरे। ====पार्टी विभाजन ==== राजा समक्ष संसद विघटन सिफारिस गरेपछि नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले देउवालाई साधारण सदस्य समेत नरहने गरि पार्टीबाट निष्कासन गर्यो। गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला पार्टी सभापति थिए। कोइरालाले पार्टीको निर्णयविपरीत संसद विघटन गरेको भन्दै देउवालाई साधारण सदस्यसमेत नरहने गरी पार्टीबाट निष्कासन गरिदिए। [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] भित्रको अन्तरिक द्वन्द्वका क्रममा देउवाले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा वि.सं. २०५९ सालमा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (प्रजातान्त्रिक)]]को गठन गरेका थिए भने वि.सं. २०६४ सालमा सो पार्टीको नेपाली काङ्ग्रेससँग एकीकरण भयो र उनी वरिष्ठ नेतामा स्थापित भए। === तेस्रो प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (२०६१-२०६१) === देउबा २०६१ जेठ २१ मा तेस्रोपटक प्रधानमन्त्री बनेका थिए। त्यतिबेला देउबाले "गोर्खाली राजाबाट न्याय पाएं" भनेर खुसी व्यक्त गरेका थिए। उनीमाथि चुनाव गराउने जिम्मेवारी थियो। नेकपा एमाले पनि त्यति बेला प्रतिगमन आधा सच्चियो भनेर सरकारमा सामेल भएको थियो। ==== बर्खास्त ==== तर देशमा भइरहेको [[माओवादी जनयुद्ध|सशस्त्र द्वन्द्व]]का कारण चुनाव हुन सकेन र राजा ज्ञानेन्द्रले देउबालाई चुनाव गर्न असक्षम भन्दै १९ माघ २०६१ मा बर्खास्त गरे। === चौथो प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (२०७४-२०७४) === {{मुख्य|देउवा मन्त्रिमण्डल, २०७४}}वि.सं २०७४ जेठ २४ बुधबार ,[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]  प्रधानमन्त्री निर्वाचित भए।<ref>[https://www.kantipurdaily.com/news/2017/06/06/20170606183616.html] देउवा प्रधानमन्त्री निर्वाचित</ref> देउवाको उम्मेदवारीलाई [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी नेपाल]], [[राष्ट्रिय जनता पार्टी नेपाल]] , नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक फोरम ,[[सङ्घीय समाजवादी फोरम, नेपाल]] र अन्य सङ दलले समर्थन गरेका थिए भने सबैभन्दा ठुलो सत्ता साझेदार [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] थियो। सपथ ग्रहण पछि, देउवाले सहयोगी दलहरूको साथमा नया सरकार गठन गरे। वि.सं २०७४ असोज ३१, प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचन, २०७४ को अगाडि नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)ले [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी]]) सँग सहकार्य गर्ने निर्णय गर्यो। त्यसपछि प्रधानमन्त्री देउवाले सो दलका सबै मन्त्रिहरूलाई जिम्मेवारी बिहिन बनाए।<ref>https://www.kantipurdaily.com/ampnews/2017-10-03/20171003134609.html एमाले–माओवादी तालमेल घोषणा आज ५ बजे</ref><ref>http://www.khabarabhiyan.com/?p=7740 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713150840/http://www.khabarabhiyan.com/?p=7740 |date=2021-07-13 }} किन एकाएक रोकिए माओवादी मन्त्री ?</ref> === प्रतिपक्षी दलका नेता (२०७५-२०७८) === केपी ओलीको [[दोस्रो ओली मन्त्रिपरिषद्|दोस्रो]] र [[तेस्रो ओली मन्त्रिपरिषद््|तेस्रो मन्त्रीमण्डल]]मा देउवा प्रतिपक्षी दलका नेता निर्वाचित भएका थिए। राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी|विद्या भण्डारी]]ले प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्तिको आह्वान गर्दा देउवाले नेकपा एमालेका विद्रोही सांसद सहित १४९ सांसद को समर्थनमा प्रधानमन्त्रीमा दावी गरेका थिए। तर नेकपा एमालेबाट केपी ओलीको पनि दाबी रहेपछि रास्ट्रपतिले दुवै दाबीलाई खारेज गरी केपी ओलीलाई नै प्रधानमन्त्री कायम गरिन्। === पाँचौ प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (२०७८-) === {{मुख्य|पाँचौँ देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०७८}} बि.सं २०७८ जेठ ७ मा ओली मन्त्रीमण्डलले [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] बिघटन सिफारिस गर्यो। १४९ सांसदले देउवालाइ प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्न परमादेश जारी गरियोस् भनेर [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]मा रिट दायर गरे। २०७८ जेठ २८ मा संविधानको धारा ७६ को उपधारा ५ बमोजिमको प्रधानमन्त्रीका लागि आह्वान भएपछि १ सय ४९ सांसदको हस्ताक्षरसहित दाबी गरेका आधारमा देउवालाई प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्न सर्वोच्च अदालतले परमादेश जारी गरेको थियो। २०७८ असार २९ अपरान्ह ५ बजेभित्र देउवालाई नियुक्त गरिसक्न राष्ट्रपति कार्यालयका नाममा [[परमादेश]] जारी गरेको थियो। ==प्रतिनिधि सभा २०७९ == [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९]]मा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का उमेरद्वर [[डडेल्धुरा जिल्ला|डडेलधुरा]] प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन क्षेत्र नं १ बाट २५५३४ मत प्राप्त गरि प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्यमा विजयी भएका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://result.election.gov.np/|title=मतगणना प्रगतिको विवरण|website=result.election.gov.np|accessdate=2022-11-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123062409/https://result.election.gov.np/ |date=2022-11-23 }}</ref> उनका निकटतम प्रतिद्वन्द्वी स्वतन्त्रका उम्मेदवार [[सागर ढकाल]]लाई १२४९२ मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://election.ekantipur.com/pradesh-7/district-dadeldhura?lng=nep|title=डडेल्धुरा : प्रदेश ७ - प्रतिनिधिसभाको निर्वाचन २०७९ विवरण तथा नतिजा|website=election.ekantipur.com|accessdate=2022-11-23}}</ref>[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] संसदीय दलको नेतामा '''शेरबहादुर देउवा'''' ६४<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/12/21/167159935375224191.html|title=काङ्ग्रेस संसदीय दलको नेतामा देउवा विजयी|website=ekantipur.com|language=ne|accessdate=2022-12-21}}</ref> मत ल्याएर निर्वाचित भए। उनीसँग प्रतिस्पर्धामा रहेका महामन्त्री [[गगन थापा]]ले २५ मत ल्याए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2022/12/1235451|title=काङ्ग्रेस संसदीय दलको नेतामा देउवा निर्वाचित|website=Online Khabar|language=en-US|accessdate=2022-12-21}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.bbc.com/nepali/news/2016/03/160307_congress_convention/ काङ्ग्रेस सभापतिमा शेरबहादुर देउवा विजयी] {{नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू}} [[श्रेणी:संविधान सभा सदस्य]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका सभापतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल विद्यार्थी सङ्घका अध्यक्षहरू]] [[श्रेणी:माओवादी जनयुद्धका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका सांसदहरू २०७९–२०८२]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका सांसदहरू २०७४–२०७९]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] [[श्रेणी:डडेल्धुरा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२०औँ शताब्दीका नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] 8i8mvjq81hfaozp6zg4qn1drtfav6i9 0 25708 1368388 1366654 2026-08-03T22:48:53Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख|व्यक्तित्व}} {{Infobox football biography | playername = लियोनेल मेसी | image = Lionel Messi Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-112(cropped).jpg|<nowiki>250px]]</nowiki> | caption = २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपमा | fullname = लियोनेल आन्द्रेस मेसी | dateofbirth = {{Birth date and age|1987|06|24}} | cityofbirth = [[रोसारियो, सान्टा फे|रोसारियो]] | countryofbirth = [[अर्जेन्टिना]] | height = ५ फिट ७ इन्च <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebheightweight.com/2015/01/lionel-messi-height-weight-age-measurements-net-worth/|title=Lionel Messi Height, Weight, Age, Measurements, Net Worth |publisher=Celebrity Measurements|date= |accessdate=2015-01-12}}</ref> | position = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्ति]]/[[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)#विङ्गर|विङ्गर]] | currentclub = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | clubnumber = १० | youthyears1 = १९९५–२००० | youthyears2 = २०००–२००४ | youthclubs1 = [[न्युवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज]] | youthclubs2 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | years1 = २००४–२००५ | clubs1 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] ख | caps1 = २२<!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals1 = ६<!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | years2 = २००४–२०२१ | clubs2 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | caps2 = ५२०<!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals2 = ४७४<!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = २००५ | nationalyears2 = २००८ | nationalyears3 = २००५– | nationalteam1 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] यु-२० | nationalteam2 = [[अर्जेन्टिना ओलम्पिक फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना यु-२३]] | nationalteam3 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] | nationalcaps1 = १८ | nationalgoals1 = १४ | nationalcaps2 = ५ | nationalgoals2 = २ | nationalcaps3 = १८७ | nationalgoals3 = १०९ | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{ARG}}}}{{MedalSport|पुरुष [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]]}}{{MedalGold|[[२००८ बेइजिङ ओलम्पिक|२००८ बेइजिङ]]|[[२००८ बेइजिङ ओलम्पिक#पुरुष फुटबल प्रतियोगिता|समूह प्रतियोगिता]]}} {{ARG}}{{Trophy}}|[[२०२१ कोपा अमेरिका]] | pcupdate = २२:४८, २२ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) | ntupdate = २२:४८, २२ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) | years3 = २०२१-२०२३ | clubs3 = पेरिस साइन्ट जर्मा | caps3 = ५८ | goals3 = २२ | years4 = २०२३- | clubs4 = इन्टर मायामी | caps4 = १८ | goals4 = १३ }} '''लियोनेल आन्द्रेस मेसी''' (जन्मः २४ जुन, १९८७) अर्जेन्टिनी [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] हुन्। वर्तमान उनी अमेरिकी [[मेजर लिग सकर]] क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]] र [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]को लागि अग्रपङ्क्तिको रूपमा खेल्दै आएका छन्। यसअघि उनी फ्रान्सेली क्लब [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]]बाट लिग वान (लिग १) र [[ला लिगा]]मा प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने क्लब [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]]को लागि खेल्नेेेे गरेका थिए। मेसी आफ्नो पुस्ताका सर्वश्रेष्ठ [[फुटबल खेलाडी]]हरू मध्ये एक मानिन्छन्;<ref>{{cite news | last = Broadbent | first = Rick | date = 2006-02-24 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article734407.ece | title = Messi could be focal point for new generation | publisher = ''Times Online'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727181929/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article734407.ece |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Gordon | first = Phil | date = 2008-07-28 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article4412665.ece | title = Lionel Messi proves a class apart | publisher = ''Times Online'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204081721/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article4412665.ece |date=2008-12-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Williams | first = Richard | date = 2008-04-24 | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/blog/2008/apr/24/ronaldosspotofanguishmessi?commentpage=2 | title = Messi's dazzling footwork leaves an indelible mark | publisher = ''The Guardian'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31}}</ref> उनले २१ वर्षको उमेरमानै [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर|बेलोन डी' ओर]] र [[फिफा]] सर्वश्रेष्ठ [[फिफा वर्षको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी|वर्षको खेलाडी]]को उपाधि जितेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/europa-poy.html | title = European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") | publisher = RSSSF | accessdate = 2009-07-07}}</ref><ref name="Gala 2008">{{cite news | url = http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/99/15/28/resultsmenforfifa.combyplayer.pdf | title = FIFA World Player Gala 2008 | publisher = FIFA | accessdate = 2009-07-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515125420/https://es.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/99/15/28/resultsmenforfifa.combyplayer.pdf |date=2019-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/finalmenbyplayer_32209.pdf | title = FIFA World Player Gala 2007 | publisher = FIFA | accessdate = 2009-07-07}}</ref> उनको खेल शैली र क्षमताको कारणले गर्दा उनलाई फुटबलको बादशाह भनेर चिनिने [[डिएगो म्याराडोना|म्याराडोना]]सँग तुलना गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite news | last = Gardner | first = Neil | date = 2007-04-19 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article1676692.ece | title = Is Messi the new Maradona? | publisher = ''Times Online'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629112333/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article1676692.ece |date=2011-06-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|title=Maradona proclaims Messi as his successor|author=Reuters|publisher=''China Daily''|date=2006-02-25|accessdate=2006-10-08}}</ref> मेसीले कम उमेरमानै फुटबल खेल्न शुरू गरे र चाँडै नै [[बार्सिलोना]]ले उनको क्षमता पहिचान गर्‍यो। उनले सन् २००० मा [[रोसारियो]]मा अवस्थित [[न्युवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज]] युवा टोली छोडेर आफ्नो परिवारसित युरोप आए, किनकि [[बार्सिलोना]]ले उनको विकास हार्मोनको कमीको लागि उपचार गरिदिने प्रस्ताव राखेको थियो। सन् २००४-०५ सिजनमा पहिलो पटक मैदानमा ओर्लेर उनले सबैभन्दा कम उमेरमा लिग खेल खेल्ने फुटबल खेलाडीको [[ला लिगा रेकर्ड]] तोडे र साथै सबैभन्दा कम उमेरमा लिग गोल स्कोर गर्ने खेलाडी बने। मेसीको प्रथम आगमनमै उनले [[बार्सिलोना]]लाई [[ला लिगा]] जिताउन सफल भए र सन् २००६ मा पुन: सो लिग र [[युइएफए युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिप|युइएफए यूरोपियन च्याम्पियनशीप]] जिताएर चाँडै नै प्रमुख सम्मान प्राप्त गरे। सन् २००६-०७ उनको सफलताको सिजन थियो: [[एल क्लासिको]]मा एक ह्याट्रिक र २६ लिग म्याचहरूमा १४ गोल गर्दै, उनले नियमित रूपले खेल जित्ने पहिलो समूहमा ठाउँ बनाए। सम्भवतः सन् २००८-०९ को सिजन उनको सबैभन्दा सफल सिजन थियो, जसमा मेसी ३८ गोल गर्दै लगातार तेस्रो विजय अभियानको अभिन्न अङ्ग बने। मेसी, २००५ फिफा विश्व युवा च्याम्पियनसिपमा अन्तिम खेलमा २ गोल सहित जम्मा ६ गोल गरी शीर्ष स्कोर गर्ने खेलाडी बने। त्यसको लगत्तै, उनी [[अर्जेन्टिना]]को अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय टोलीको एक सदस्यको रूपमा स्थापित भए। सन् २००६ मा, उनी अर्जेन्टिनाबाट [[फिफा विश्वकप]]मा खेल्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी बने र अर्को वर्ष उनले [[कोपा अमेरिका]] प्रतियोगितामा उप-विजेताको पदक जित्न सफल भए। सन् २००८ मा, उनले [[अर्जेन्टिना]] ओलम्पिक फुटबल टोलीसँग [[बेइजिङ]]मा भएको [[ओलम्पिक खेल|ओलम्पिक]] खेलमा आफ्नो पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मान, [[ओलम्पिक खेल|ओलम्पिक]] स्वर्ण पदक जितेका थिए। २०२१ [[ब्राजिल]] मा भएको [[कोपा अमेरिका]] को उपाधि पनि मेसी कै कप्तानीमा अर्जेन्टिनाले जितेको थियो। == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == मेसीको जन्म सन् २४ जुन, १९८७ मा [[रोसारियो]], [[अर्जेन्टिना]]मा जर्ज मेसी (एक [[कारखाना]] मजदुर) र सीलिया (उर्फ कुक्कीटिनी) (एक अंशकालिक क्लीनर) दम्पतीको घरमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/deportes/8-121094-2009-03-07.html | last = Veiga | first = Gustavo | publisher = ''Página/12'' | title = Los intereses de Messi | accessdate = 2009-05-31|language= Spanish}}</ref><ref name="mission">{{cite web | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece | publisher = ''Times Online'' | title = Lionel Messi on a mission | last = Hawkey | first = Ian | date = 2008-04-20 | accessdate = 2009-05-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830020412/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece |date=2008-08-30 }}</ref> उनको पुर्खाको उद्गम [[इटाली]]को सहर एङ्कोनाबाट भयो, जहाँबाट सन् १८८३ मा उनको पूर्वज, एञ्जलो मेसी अर्जेन्टिनामा प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref name="El origen de los Messi">{{cite web |url=http://www.aldia.cr/ad_ee/2006/febrero/24/ovacion11.html |title= El origen de los Messi está en Italia |accessdate=2009-07-07 | date=2006-02-24 | publisher=''Al Día'' | last = Aguilar | first = Alexander |language= Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Las raíces italianas de Leo Messi">{{cite web |url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2005/10/07/pagina-5/722791/pdf.html |title= Las raíces italianas de Leo Messi |accessdate=2009-07-07 |date = 2005-10-07 |publisher=''El Mundo Deportivo''| last = Cubero | first = Cristina|language= Spanish}}</ref> उनको रडरिगो तथा मेशियस नाम गरेका दुई दाजुहरूका साथै मारिया सोल नाम गरेकी एक बहिनी पनि छन्।<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=1246/bio/ | publisher = NBC | title = Lionel Messi bio | accessdate = 2009-05-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513153151/http://www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=1246/bio |date=2017-05-13 }}</ref> मेसी पाँच वर्षको उमेरदेखि आफ्ना बुवा जर्ज मेसीले प्रशिक्षण गरिरहेको एक स्थानीय क्लब ग्रैन्डोलीको लागि फुटबल खेल्न आरम्भ गरे।<ref name="Williams"/> सन् १९९५ मा मेसी आफ्नो गृहनगर रोसारियोमा अवस्थित [[न्युवेल ओल्ड ब्वाइज]] क्लबको लागि खेल्न शुरू गरे।<ref name="Williams">{{cite web | last = Williams | first = Richard | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/feb/24/championsleague1 | publisher = ''The Guardian'' | title = Messi has all the qualities to take world by storm | accessdate = 2008-05-03 | date = 2006-02-26}}</ref> ११ वर्षको उमेरमा उनको प्रारम्भिक परीक्षणमा शारीरिक विकास हार्मोनको कमी पाइयो।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/championsleague/5099857/Franck-Ribery-the-man-to-challenge-Lionel-Messi-and-Barcelona.html | title = Franck Ribery the man to challenge Lionel Messi and Barcelona | publisher = ''Daily Telegraph'' | last = White | first = Duncan | date = 2009-04-04 | accessdate = 2009-07-07}}</ref> प्राथमिक डिभिजन क्लब रिभर प्लेटले मेसीको उपचार प्रति चासो देखायो तर क्लबसँग उनको उपचारको लागि पर्याप्त सम्पति थिएन किनभने उनको उपचारमा प्रति महिना ९०० अमेरिकी डलर लाग्थ्यो।<ref name="mission"/>[[लेइडा]], [[क्याटालोनिया]]मा रहेका मेसीका एकजना आफन्तले [[बार्सिलोना]]का खेल प्रबन्धक [[कार्ल्स रिक्सैक]]लाई मेसीको प्रतिभाको बारेमा बताए र मेसी र उनको बुवाको लागि परीक्षण दिने व्यवस्था मिलाए।<ref name="mission"/> उनको खेल परीक्षण गरे पछि बार्सिलोनाले उनलाई यदि उनी [[स्पेन]] स्थान्तरित हुन तयार छन् भने उनको उपचार खर्च ब्यहोर्ने शर्तमा अनुबन्धन गर्‍यो।<ref name="Williams"/><ref name="fifa.com"/> त्यसपछि मेसी सपरिवार [[युरोप]] स्थान्तरित भए र [[बार्सिलोना]]क्लबको युवा टोलीमा खेल्न शुरू गरे।<ref name="fifa.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/edition=248388/news/newsid=103182.html |title=The new messiah |publisher=FIFA |date=2006-03-05 |accessdate=2006-07-25}}</ref> == क्लब जीवन == === बार्सिलोना === मेसीले सन् १६ नोभेम्बर, २००३ मा (१६ वर्ष र १४५ दिनको उमेरमा) [[पोर्टो]] बिरुद्ध एक [[मैत्रीपूर्ण खेल]]बाट आफ्नो पहिलो क्लबको लागि आफ्नो खेल जीवनको औपचारिक शुरूवात गरे।<ref name="footballdb"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/05/22/messi.football.best.world/index.html|title=Profile: Lionel Messi|author=Tutton, Mark and Duke, Greg|publisher=CNN|date=2009-05-22|accessdate=2009-05-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411213640/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/05/22/messi.football.best.world/index.html |date=2019-04-11 }}</ref> त्यसको एक वर्षभन्दा पनि कम समयमा नै सन् २०१६ अक्टोबर, २००४ मा (१७ वर्ष र ११४ दिनको उमेरमा) [[फ्रान्क रिजकार्ड]]ले उनलाई [[इस्पेन्योल]] बिरुद्धको खेलबाट आफ्नो पहिलो लिग खेल शुरूवात गर्ने मौका दिए र उनी त्यस समयसम्ममा [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि खेल्न तेस्रो सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी र [[ला लिगा]]मा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा युवा क्लब खेलाडी बने (जुन रेकर्ड सन् सेप्टेम्वर, २००७ उनकै सहकर्मी [[बोजन क्रिच]]ले तोडे)।<ref name="footballdb"/> जब उनले सन् १ मे, २००५ मा [[अल्बासेट बोलाम्पि]]को बिरुद्ध क्लबको लागि आफ्नो पहिलो सिनियर गोल गरे तब मेसी १७ वर्ष, १० महिना र ७ दिनको उमेरका थिए र उनी [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि ला लिगा खेलमा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी बने,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071016101878.html | title = Meteoric rise in three years | accessdate = 2008-05-03 | publisher = fcbarcelona.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906093707/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071016101878.html |date=2011-09-06 }}</ref> जुन रेकर्ड २००७ मा मेसीकै सहयोगमा बोजन क्रिचले तोडे।)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071020101276.html | title = Krkic enters the record books | accessdate = 2009-07-16 | date= 2007-10-21| publisher = fcbarcelona.cat|last = Nogueras | first = Sergi}}</ref> मेसीले आफ्नो पूर्व प्रशिक्षक [[फ्रान्क रिजकार्ड]]को बारेमा भनेका छन्: '''उनले मेरो खेल जीवनको शुरुवात गराएको तथ्य म कहिल्यै भुल्न सक्दिन, उनले म १६/१७ वर्षको मात्र हुँदा नै ममा विश्वास जगाए।''' <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/nl/news/545/spanje/2009/12/10/1679579/messi-rijkaard-gaf-ons-meer-vrijheid | title = Messi: "Rijkaard gave us more freedom" | accessdate = 2009-12-10 | date= 2007-12-10| publisher = Goal.com}}</ref> ==== २००५-०६ सिजन ==== १६ सेप्टेम्बरमा तीन महिनामा नै दोस्रोपटक बार्सिलोनाले मेसीको अनुबन्धनको म्याद थप गरेको घोषणा गर्‍यो, यसपल्ट उनलाई पहिलो समूहको सदस्यको रूपमा भुक्तानी दिने र जुन २०१४ सम्म अनुबन्धन म्याद थप्ने कार्य भयो।<ref name="Williams"/> मेसीले २६ सेप्टेम्बर<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/sports/story.asp?file=/2005/9/28/sports/12165057&sec=sports |title=Good news for Barcelona as Messi gets his Spanish passport |publisher=''The Star Online''|date=2005-05-28 |accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> मा स्पेनी [[नागरिकता]] प्राप्त गरेर ग्रहण गरे र अन्ततः [[सिजन]]को [[स्पेनी फर्स्ट डिभिजन]]मा पहिलोपल्ट खेल्नमा सक्षम भए। मेसीले २७ सेप्टेम्बरमा पहिलोपटक गृहमैदान बाहिर [[युएएफए च्याम्पियनस लिग]]मा इटालियन क्लब [[उडिनीज]] बिरुद्ध खेले।<ref name="footballdb">{{cite news |url=http://www.footballdatabase.com/index.php?page=player&Id=222&b=true |title=Lionel Andres Messi - FCBarcelona and Argentina |publisher=Football Database |accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref> मेसीको आत्मसंयम र [[रोनाल्डिन्हो]]सँग संयोजनले बार्सिलोना राम्रो स्थितिमा पुगेकोले बार्सिलोना [[क्याम्प नउ]] स्टेडियममा प्रशंसकहरूले उभिएर ताली बजाएर सम्मान गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |author=Reuters |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/sep/28messi.htm |title=Ronaldinho scores the goals, Messi takes the plaudits |publisher=Rediff|date= 2005-09-28 |accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref> मेसीले सत्र लिग खेलहरूमा ६ (छ) गोल गरे, सो छ मध्यमा एक [[च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] गोल स्कोर गरे। ७ मार्च, २००६मा [[च्याम्पियन्स लिग टाई]]को दोस्रो चरणको खेलमा [[चेल्सी फुटबल क्लब|चेल्सी]] बिरुद्धको खेलको क्रममा दायाँ तिग्राको मासु पल्टिएको कारण समय भन्दा पहिले उनको सिजन समाप्त भयो।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=366008&cc=3436 |title=Frustrated Messi suffers another injury setback |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |date=2006-04-26 |accessdate=2006-07-22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073801/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=366008&cc=3436 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> [[फ्रान्क रिजकार्ड]]को बार्सिलोनाले सो सिजन [[स्पेन]] र [[युरोप|यूरोप]]को विजेताको रूपमा समापन गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-1-barcelona-2-barcelona-crush-heroic-arsenal-in-space-of-four-brutal-minutes-478659.html |title=Arsenal 1 Barcelona 2: Barcelona crush heroic Arsenal in space of four brutal minutes |last = Wallace | first = Sam | publisher=''The Independent'' |date= 2006-05-18 |accessdate=2009-06-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4970966.stm |title=Barca retain Spanish league title | publisher=BBC Sport |date= 2006-05-03 |accessdate=2009-06-03 }}</ref> ==== २००६-०७ सिजन ==== [[चित्र:Barcelona vs Rangers.jpg|thumb|220px|right|२००७मा रेन्जर्सको बिरुद्ध एक खेलमा मेसी]] [[२००६-०७ सिजन]]मा, २६ खेलहरूमा १४ गोल गर्दै मेसीले आफूलाई समूहको नियमित अग्रस्थानको खेलाडीको रूपमा स्थापित गरे।<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Lionel Messi at National Football Teams |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate=2009-07-17 }}</ref> १२ नोभेम्बरमा भएको [[रियल जारागोजा]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा मेसीको [[खु्ट्टा]]को हड्डी भाँचियो, जसको कारणले उनी तीन महिनाको खेल खेल्नबाट वञ्चित भए।<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/eng/noticias/noticias/n06111404.shtml |title=Doctors happy with Messi op |publisher=FCBarcelona.com |date=2006-11-14 |accessdate=2006-11-16 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126040828/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/eng/noticias/noticias/n06111404.shtml |date=2006-11-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/en/comp/index/0,2442,125576,00.html?articleid=125576 |title=Messi to miss FIFA Club World Cup |date=2006-11-13 |publisher=FIFA.com/Reuters |accessdate=2006-01-18 }}</ref> मेसी आफ्नो चोट निको नहुँदासम्म अर्जेन्टिनामा बसे र निको भएपछि ११ फेब्रुअरीमा [[रेसिङ्ग स्याट्यान्डर]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा मैदानमा उत्रिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://barcelona.theoffside.com/la-liga/barcelona-racing-santander-sunday-3pm-est.html |title=Barcelona - Racing Santander |publisher=The Offside |date=2008-01-19 |accessdate=2009-05-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012110422/http://barcelona.theoffside.com/la-liga/barcelona-racing-santander-sunday-3pm-est.html |date=2008-10-12 }}</ref> जसमा उनी दोस्रो-हाफमा स्थानापन्नको रूपमा संलग्न भए। ११ मार्चमा, रियल म्याड्रिड बिरुद्धको खेल ''([[एल क्लासिको]])''मा १० जना खेलाडी मात्र सीमित बार्सिलोनाबाट खेलेका मेसीले [[ह्याट-ट्रिक]] गर्दै ३-३ को बराबरीमा रोकेर आफ्नो क्षमता प्रदर्शन गरे, जसमा उनले तेस्रो गोल इन्जुरी-समयमा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-3-real-madrid-3-magical-messi-is-barcelonas-hero-439788.html|title=Magical Messi is Barcelona's hero|last = Hayward | first = Ben |publisher=''The Independent''|date=2007-03-11|accessdate=2009-05-30|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110906081352/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-3-real-madrid-3-magical-messi-is-barcelonas-hero-439788.html|archivedate=2011-09-06}}</ref> यस प्रदर्शनबाट उनी [[इवान जमोरानो]] (रियल मैड्रिडको १९९४-९५ सिजनमा) पछि ''एल क्लासिको''मा लगातार तीन गोल गर्ने पहिले खेलाडी बने,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=113101.html |title=Inter beat AC, Messi headlines derby |date=2007-03-11 |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2009-05-30 }}</ref> साथै मेसी यस खेलमा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी पनि बने। उनले यस सिजनमा गरेका १४ गोलहरू मध्य ११ गोल अन्तिम १३ खेलहरूमा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/gamelog?id=45843&season=2006&cc=5739 |title=Lionel Messi 2006/07 season statistics |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |accessdate=2009-06-03 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326235840/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/gamelog?id=45843 |date=2010-03-26 }}</ref> [[चित्र:Lionel Messi goal 19abr2007.jpg|thumb|left|220px|मेसी, गेटाफे बिरुद्ध गोल गर्नु भन्दा ठीक पहिले]] मेसीले एकै सिजनको क्रममा म्याराडोनाको सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध गोलहरूलाई लगभग दोहोराउँदै आफूलाई "नयाँ म्याराडोना"को रूपमा साबित गरे।<ref name="maradonalike">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/2311407/The-greatest-goal-ever.html |title=The greatest goal ever? |date=2007-04-20 |publisher=''Daily Telegraph'' | last = Lowe| first = Sid | accessdate=2009-07-07 }}</ref> १८ अप्रिल, २००७मा उनले [[कोपा डेल रे]]को सेमी-फाइनलमा [[गेटाफे]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा दुई गोल गरे, जुन मेक्सिकोमा सम्पन्न [[१९८६ FIFA विश्व कप]]मा [[बेलायत|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा म्याराडोनाले गरेका [[प्रसिद्ध गोल]]हरू सँग धेरै मिल्दो-जुल्दो थियो।<ref>{{cite web| url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=423002&cc=3888| title=Messi dazzles as Barça reach Copa Final| publisher=ESPN Soccernet| date=2007-04-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073812/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=423002&cc=3888 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> विश्वका खेल पत्रकारहरूले उनलाई म्याराडोनासँग तुलना गरे र स्पेनिश पत्रिकाहरूले मेसीलाई "मेसीडोना" उपनाम दिए।<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/14/stories/2007071455691800.htm | title= Can ‘Messidona’ beat Maradona? | publisher=''The Hindu''| date=2007-07-14}}</ref> उनले यस खेलमा उही ६२ मिटरको दुरी पार गर्दै, त्यति नै खेलाडीहरू (गोलकीपर सहित ६ जना)लाई छक्काउँदै, लगभग एउटै नै स्थानबाट गोल गरे र कुनाको झन्डातिर दौडिए, जुन २१ वर्ष पहिला म्याराडोनाले मेक्सिकोमा गरेका थिए।<ref name="maradonalike"/> खेलपछि एक पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा मेसीका समकक्षी खेलाडी [[डेको]]ले भने: "यो मैले आफ्नो जीवनमा देखेका गोल मध्य सर्वोत्कृष्ट गोल हो।"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/04/20/sfnmes20.xml |title=The greatest goal ever? |last=Lowe |first=Sid |publisher=''Daily Telegraph'' |date=2007-04-20 |accessdate=2007-05-07 }}</ref> [[स्पेनियोल]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा पनि मेसीले एउटा यस्तो गोल गरे, जुन विश्वकपको क्वार्टर फाइनलमा इंग्ल्यान्ड बिरुद्धको खेलमा म्याराडोनाले गरेको गोल]]सँग मिल्दो-जुल्दो थियो।<ref name="Hand of Messi">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |title=Hand of Messi saves Barcelona |last=Mitten |first=Andy |publisher=''Times Online'' |date=2007-06-10 |accessdate=2008-01-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013021540/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |date=2008-10-13 }}</ref> स्पेनियोलका खेलाडीहरूको विरोधको बावजूद र रिप्लेमा पनि त्यो स्पष्टतः [[ह्याण्डबल]] भन्ने देखिंदा देखिंदै पनि त्यो गोल बनिरह्यो.<ref name="Hand of Messi"/> ==== २००७-०८ सिजन ==== [[२००७-०८ सिजन]]को क्रममा, मेसीले एक हप्तामा पाँच गोल गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई ला लिगाको शीर्ष चारमा पुर्याए। १९ सेप्टेबरमा च्याम्पियन्स लिग म्याचमा आफ्नो गृहमैदानमा बार्सिलोनाले [[ओलम्पिक लियोनयस|लियोन]]लाई ३-०को अन्तरले हराउँदा मेसीले एक गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=228758&&cc=5739|title=Barcelona 3-0 Lyon: Messi orchestrates win|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2007-09-19|accessdate=2009-05-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081230/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=228758&&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> उनले २२ सेप्टेबरमा [[सेभिला (फुटबल क्लब)]]को बिरुद्ध दुई गोल गरे<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.soccerway.com/matches/2007/09/22/spain/primera-division/futbol-club-barcelona/sevilla-futbol-club/480859/|title=Barcelona vs. Sevilla|publisher=Soccerway|date=2007-09-22|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> र फेरि २६ सेप्टेबरमा मेसीले [[रियल जारागोजा]] बिरुद्ध ४-१को जितमा दुई गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://barcelona.theoffside.com/injuries/barcelona-4-1-zaragoza-review.html|title=Barcelona 4-1 Zaragoza|author=Isaiah|publisher=The Offside|date=2007-09-26|accessdate=2009-05-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311091432/http://barcelona.theoffside.com/injuries/barcelona-4-1-zaragoza-review.html |date=2012-03-11 }}</ref> २७ फेब्रुअरीमा मेसीले [[भ्यालेन्शिया]] बिरुद्ध [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि आफ्नो १००औँ आधिकारिक खेल खेले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=700689.html|title=Xavi late show saves Barca|author=FIFA|publisher=FIFA|date=2008-02-27|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> मेसी अग्रपंक्तिको श्रेणीमा [[फिफाप्रो विश्वका दश खेलाडी अवार्ड]]को लागि मनोनित गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://worldx1.fifpro.org/index.php?mod=plink&id=14697|title=FIFPro World XI|publisher=FIFPro|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> एक स्पेनिश पत्रिका ''[[मार्का]]''को अन-लाईन संस्करणमा गरिएको सर्वेक्षणमा उनलाई ७७ प्रतिशत मत सहित विश्वको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडीको रूपमा चुनियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archivo.marca.com/futbol/2007/messi_kun/handicho.html|title=El fútbol a sus pies|last=Villalobos|first=Fran|publisher=''MARCA''|language=Spanish|date=2007-04-10|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> बार्सिलोना-आधारित अखबार ''[[एल मुन्डो डिपोर्टिवो]]'' र ''[[स्पोर्ट]]''को स्तम्भकारहरूले उल्लेख गरे कि मेसीलाई [[ब्यालन डी'ओर]] दिनु पर्छ र [[फ्रान्ज बेकेनबएर]]ले पनि यसको समर्थन गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=447107|title=Si Messi sigue trabajando así, será como Maradona y Pelé|last=Fest|first=Leandro|publisher=Sport.es|language=Spanish|accessdate=2009-07-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524062418/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=447107 |date=2008-05-24 }}</ref> [[फ्रान्सेस्को टोट्टी]] जस्ता फुटबलका महान हस्तिहरूले घोषणा गरे कि उनीहरू मेसीलाई अहिलेका विश्वका सर्वोत्कृष्ट फुटबल खेलाडीहरू मध्य एक मान्छन्।<ref>{{cite news| url=http://archivo.marca.com/edicion/marca/futbol/internacional/es/desarrollo/1063306.html|title=Totti le daría el Balón de Oro a Messi antes que a Kaká|publisher=''MARCA''|language=Spanish|date=2007-11-29|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> ४ मार्चमा [[केल्टिक]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा मेसीको बायाँ तिघ्राको मांसपेशी फाटेपछि उनी एक हफ्ता भरीको लागि खेलबाट बाहिरिए। मेसीको यस प्रकारको चोट लागेको यो तीन सिजनहरूमा चौथो पल्ट थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/story/2008/03/05/lionel-messi.html?ref=rss|title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi sidelined with thigh injury|publisher=CBC.ca|date=2008-03-05|accessdate=2009-06-14}}</ref> मेसी यो चोटबाट फिर्ता भएपछि ४ मे २००८मा भ्यालेन्सिया बिरुद्धक ६-०को जितमा उनको २००७-०८ सिजनको अन्तिम गोल गरे। यस सिजनका सबै खेलहरूमा मेसीले १६ गोल र १३मा सहायता प्दान गर्न सफल भए। ==== २००८-०९ सिजन : पहिले ट्रेबल ==== [[चित्र:Lionel Messi 31mar2007.jpg|150px|thumb|left|मेस्सि, डेपोर्टिवोको बिरुद्धको एक खेलमा]] क्लबबाट [[रोनाल्डिन्हो]]को प्रस्थान सँगै उनको १० नम्बर जर्सी मेसीले प्राप्त गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/8/main/2008/08/04/803776/messi-inherits-ronaldinhos-no-10-shirt|title=Messi Inherits Ronaldinho's No. 10 Shirt|last=Sica|first=Gregory|publisher=Goal.com|date=2008-08-04|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> सन् १ अक्टोबर २००८ मा, सख्टार डोनेट्स्क बिरुद्धको च्याम्पियन्स लिग म्याचको क्रममा मेसीले [[थियरी हेनरी]]को सट्टामा खेलमा प्रवेश गरेर अन्तिम सात मिनेटमा दुई गोल गरेर [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि १-० को हारको अवस्थालाई १-२को जितमा परिणत गरी दिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=254681&cc=5739|title=Late Messi brace nicks it|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2008-10-01|accessdate=2009-05-29}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081234/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=254681&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> यस पछिको [[एट्लेटिको म्याड्रिड]] बिरुद्धको लिग खेललाई मेसी र उनको राम्रा साथी [[सर्जियो अग्वेरो]]को बीच एक मैत्रिपूर्ण सङ्घर्षको रूपमा प्रचार गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/65327-barcelona-6-1-atletico-madrid-match-report-and-player-ratings|title=Barcelona 6-1 Atletico Madrid| last = Osaghae | first = Efosa |publisher=Bleacher Report|date=2008-10-04|accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> मेसीले फ्रि किकमा एक गोल गरे र बाँकीमा सहायता गरेर बार्सालाई ६-१ को जित हासिल गराए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet-assets.espn.go.com/report?id=252817&league=ESP.1&cc=5739|title=Goal rush for Barcelona|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2008-10-04|accessdate=2009-05-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810090950/http://soccernet-assets.espn.go.com/report?id=252817&league=ESP.1&cc=5739 |date=2014-08-10 }}</ref> मेसीले सेभिलाको बिरुद्ध २३ मिटर (२५ यार्ड) देखि बललाई उठाएर गोलरक्षकलाई छक्काउँदै टाइट एङ्गलबाट एक अर्को उत्कृष्ट गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=964294.html|title= Messi magical, Real miserable |publisher=FIFA|date=2008-11-29|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> सन् १३ डिसेम्बर २००८ मा, एल क्लासिकोको पहिलो सिजनको क्रममा मेसीले [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] बिरुद्धको बार्सिलोनाको २-० जितमा दोस्रो गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7776472.stm|title= Barcelona 2-0 Real Madrid |publisher=BBC Sport|date=2008-12-13|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> यसै वर्ष उनलाई २००८ फिफा वर्षको विश्वको खेलाडी अवार्डमा ६७८ अङ्क सहित दोस्रो स्थानमा मनोनित भए।<ref name="Gala 2008"/> मेसीले एटलेटिको म्याड्रिड विरुद्धको कोपा डेल रे टाईमा पहिलो पल्ट ह्याटट्रिक गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई ३-१ को जित हासिल गराए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200901/20090107/article_387234.htm|title=Messi scores hat trick in Barca's 3–1 win over Atletico|publisher=''Shanghai Daily''|date=2009-01-07|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> मेसीले सन् १ फेब्रुअरी २००९ मा रेसिङ्ग स्यान्टेन्डर बिरुद्धको खेलमा पहिलो हाफमा १-० ले तल इरेको अवस्थामा दोस्रो हाफमा सट्टामा प्रवेश गरी महत्त्वपूर्ण दुई गोल गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई १-२ को जित दिलाउन मद्दत गरे। यस मध्ये दोस्रो गोल बार्सिलोनाको लागि ५०००औँ लिग गोल थियो।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090204172913/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZaLqalXOwOJ2FwjihA3svGql1Mw Supersub Messi fires 5,000-goal Barcelona to comeback victory.] AFP (01-02-2009). 01-02-2009को पुनःप्राप्त</ref> ला लिगाको २८औँ चरणमा, मेसीले सबै प्रतियोगिताहरूमा सिजनको आफ्नो ३०औँ गोल गर्दै आफ्नो टोलीलाई [[मलागा सीएफ]] बिरुद्ध ६-० को जित हासिल गर्नमा सहयोग गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/sport/2009/03/2009322164115611397.html|title=Barcelona hit Malaga for six|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=2009-03-23|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> ८ अप्रिल २००९मा उनले [[बायर्न म्यूनिख]] बिरुद्धको च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा दुई पल्ट गोल गर्दै प्रतियोगितामा नौ गोलहरूको व्यक्तिगत रेकर्ड बनाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-04-09-2372732048_x.htm|title=Barcelona returns to earth with league match|publisher=''USA Today''|date=2009-04-09|accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Logothetis|first=Paul}}</ref> १८ अप्रिलमा मेसीले गेटाफमा प्राप्त १-०को जितमा सिजनको आफ्नो २०औँ लिग गोल गरे, जसको कारणले बार्सिलोना रियल म्याड्रिडलाई छ-अङ्कले तल पार्दै लिग तालिकाको शीर्ष स्थानमा रहन सफल भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200904/20090419/article_398171.htm|title=Messi leads Barcelona to 1-0 win over Getafe|publisher=''Shanghai Daily''|date=2009-04-19|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> [[चित्र:039 men at work UEFA 2009, Rome.jpg|200px|thumb|right|2009 UEFA च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनलमा प्रहार गर्दै गरेका लियोनेल मेसीलाई हेर्दै माइकल क्यारिक (पृष्ठभूमिमा)]] बार्सिलोना सिजनको समापन तिर उन्मुख रहँदा मेसीले [[सान्टियागो बर्नब्यू]]मा [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] माथि ६-२को विजयमा दुई गोल (सबै प्रतियोगिताहरूमा उनको ३५औँ र ३६औँ गोल) गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/may/02/la-liga-real-madrid-barcelona|title=Barcelona run riot at Real Madrid and put Chelsea on notice|last=Lowe|first=Sid|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2009-05-02|accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> यो हार रियल म्याड्रिडको लागि १९३० पछिको सबैभन्दा ठुलो हार थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2009/05/03/1244468/real-madrid-fan-poll-says-barcelona-loss-is-most-painful-in-club|title=Real Madrid Fan Poll Says Barcelona Loss Is Most Painful In Club History|last=Macdonald|first=Paul|publisher=Goal.com|date=2009-05-03|accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> मेसीले च्याम्पियन्स लिग सेमी-फाइनलमा [[चेल्सी फुटबल क्लब|चेल्सी]] बिरुद्ध [[आन्ड्रेस इनिएस्टा]]लाई अतिरिक्त समयमा गोल बनाउन सहयोग गरेका थिए, जसबाट बार्सिलोनाले फाइनलमा [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]को सामना गर्न पायो। उनले [[एथलीटिक बिलबाओ]] बिरुद्ध ४-१को जितमा एक गोल तथा अन्य दुईमा सहयोग गर्दै १३ मेमा आफ्नो पहिलो कोपा डेल रे जिते।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/5321324/Barcelona-defeat-Athletic-Bilbao-to-win-Copa-del-Rey.html|title=Barcelona defeat Athletic Bilbao to win Copa del Rey|publisher=''Daily Telegraph''|date=2009-05-14|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref> उनले ला लिगा जितेर आफ्नो टोलीलाई दोहरो जित दिलाउँनमा सहयोग गरे। २७ मेमा उनले ७० मिनेटमा दोस्रो गोल गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई [[२००९ UEFA च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००९ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल]] दुई गोलको अग्रताले जित्नमा मद्दत गरे, साथै नौ गोलको साथ उनी टुर्नामेन्टको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा युवा तथा चैम्पियन्स लिगको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=833286.html|title=Messi sweeps up goalscoring honours|publisher=uefa.com|date=2009-05-27|accessdate=2009-06-04}}</ref> यूरोपमा शानदार वर्ष संपन्न गर्दै मेसीले [[UEFA वर्षको क्लब अग्रपंक्तको खेलाडी|युइएफए वर्षको क्लब अग्रपंक्तको खेलाडी]] र [[UEFA वर्षको क्लब फुटबल खेलाडी|युइएफए वर्षको क्लब फुटबल खेलाडी]]को उपाधी पनि जिते।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind=1/newsid=877275.html|title=Messi recognised as Europe's finest|publisher=uefa.com|date=2009-08-27|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref> उनको यस जितको मतलब बार्सिलोनाले पहिलो पल्ट कुनै स्पेनिश क्लबले नसकेको एकै सिजनमा [[कोपा डेल रे]], [[ला लिगा]] र [[UEFA च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]मा विजय थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=251667|title=Barcelona win treble in style|publisher=''Gulf Daily News''|date=2009-05-28|accessdate=2009-05-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703215248/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=251667 |date=2015-07-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/01062009/3/barcelona-eclipse-dream-team-historic-treble.html|title=Barcelona eclipse dream team with historic treble|publisher=UK Eurosport|date=2009-06-01|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref> ==== २००९-१० सिजन: पहिलो बेलोन डी' ओर ==== [[चित्र:Lionel Messi Joan Gamper Trophy.jpg|250px|thumb|left|बार्सिलोनाका लियोनेल मेस्सि, क्याम्प नउ रङ्गशालामा जोआन ग्याम्पर ट्रफी म्याचमा म्यानचेस्टर सिटी बिरुद्ध खेल्दै]] [[२००९ UEFA सुपर कप|२००९ युइएफए सुपर कप]] जिते पछि, बार्सिलोनाका प्रबन्धक [[जोसेप गार्डियोला]]ले जोड दिदै भने कि मेसी उनले अहिले सम्म देखेका खेलाडी मध्य सबैभन्दा राम्रो खेलाडी हुन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2009/08/29/futbol/1251499664.html|title= 'Messi es el mejor jugador que veré jamás'|publisher=''El Mundo Deportivo''|date=2009-08-29|accessdate=2009-08-29|language=Spanish}}</ref> १८ सेप्टेम्बरमा, मेसीले बार्सिलोनासँग जसमा €२.५ अरबको खरीद-नियन्त्रणको प्रावधान सहित २०१६ सम्मको लागि नयाँ अनुबन्धनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसबाट मेसी लगभग € ९५ लाख वार्षिक आय सहित, [[जाल्टन इब्राहिमोभिच|जाल्टान इब्राहिमोभिच]] बराबर ला लिगाको उच्चतम पारिश्रमीक लिने खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/09/n090918106811.html|title=Leo Messi extends his stay at Barça|publisher=fcbarcelona.com|date=2009-09-18|accessdate=2009-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907013314/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/09/n090918106811.html |date=2011-09-07 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8184399.stm|title=Messi signs new deal at Barcelona|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2009-09-18|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref> चार दिन पछि २२ सेप्टेम्बरमा, मेसीले ला लिगामा रेसिङ्ग स्यान्टेन्डर बिरुद्ध दुई गोल र अर्को एक गोलमा सहयोग गर्दै बार्सालाई ४-१ जित दिलाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=678702&sec=europe&cc=5901|title=Messi and Ibrahimovic put Racing to the sword|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-09-22|accessdate=2009-09-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081351/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=678702&sec=europe&cc=5901 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> मेसीले २९ सेप्टेम्बरमा [[डाइनमो कीव]] माथिको २-० जितमा सिजनको पहिलो यूरोपीय गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2009/09/29/1530963/barcelona-2-0-dynamo-kiev-messi-pedro-unlock-stubborn|title=Barcelona 2-0 Dynamo Kiev: Messi & Pedro Unlock Stubborn Ukrainians|publisher=Goal.com|date=2009-09-29|accessdate=2009-10-03|last=Leong|first=KS}}</ref> मेसीले [[क्याम्प नउ]]मा [[रियल जारागोजा]]को ६-१को ठुलो पराजयको क्रममा एक गोल गर्दै [[ला लिगा]]मा सात खेलमा छ गोलको अनुपात बनाए <ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=689856&cc=5739|title=Xavi: All is well at Barca|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-10-26|accessdate=2009-11-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081409/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=689856&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/soccer/10/25/spanish.rdp.ap/|title=Barcelona thrashes Zaragoza to go clear at top|publisher=CNN|date=2009-10-25|accessdate=2009-11-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231144944/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/soccer/10/25/spanish.rdp.ap/ |date=2009-12-31 }}</ref> र ७ नोभेम्बरमा क्याम्प नउमा [[मालर्का]] माथि बार्साको ४-२को जितमा पनि पेनाल्टोलीा गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=695820&cc=5739|title=Guardiola expects more after win over Mallorca|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-11-09|accessdate=2009-11-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203071732/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=695820&cc=5739 |date=2011-12-03 }}</ref> १ डिसेम्बर २००९ मा, मेसी उपविजेता [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]लाई २३३को बिरुद्ध ४७३को ठुलो मतान्तरले पछाडी पार्दै [[२००९ ब्यालन डी'ओर]]को विजेताको रूपमा घोषित भए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8387679.stm|title=Barcelona forward Lionel Messi wins Ballon d'Or award|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/01/2759069.htm|title=Messi wins prestigious Ballon d'Or award|publisher=ABC Sport|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/lionel-messi-a-rare-talent-1831871.html|title=Lionel Messi: A rare talent|publisher=''The Independent''|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-10|last=Barnett|first=Phil}}</ref> यसपछि [[फ्रान्स फुटबल पत्रिका]]ले मेसीको भनाईलाई उद्धृत गर्दै लेख्यो: "म यसलाई आफ्नो परिवारलाई समर्पित गर्दछु। मलाई उनीहरूको आवश्यकता पर्दा उनीहरू संधै म सँगै हुन्थे र कहिलेकाँही उनीहरूले म भन्दा पनि ज्यादा गहराईबाट मेरा भावनाहरूलाई महसूस गरेका छन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=706306&sec=europe&cc=5739|title=Messi takes Ballon d'Or|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-10}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081427/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=706306&sec=europe&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> १९ डिसेम्बरमा, [[अबूधाबी]]मा [[एस्टुडियान्टेस]] बिरुद्ध [[२००९ फिफा क्लब विश्वकप]]को फाइनलमा मेसीले गोल गर्दै क्लबलाई विजयि बनाए।<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285375&cc=5739&league=FIFA.CWC|title=Messi seals number six|date=2009-12-19|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|accessdate=2009-12-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020091844/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285375&league=FIFA.CWC&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-20 }}</ref> दुई दिन पछि, उनी क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो, [[जावी हर्नान्डेज]], [[काका (फुटबल खेलाडी)|काका]] र [[आन्ड्रेस इनिएस्टा]]लाई पछि पार्दै [[फिफा वर्षको खेलाडी]]को रूपमा घोषित भए। उनले यो पुरस्कार पहिलो पटक जितेका थिए र उनी यो सम्मान पाउने पहिलो अर्जेन्टिनी खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=716683&sec=world&cc=5901|title=FC Barcelona's Messi wins World Player of the Year|date=2009-12-21|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|accessdate=2009-12-22}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081437/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=716683&sec=world&cc=5901 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> १० जनवरी २०१० मा, मेसीले [[सीडी टेनेरिफ]] बिरुद्धको ०-५को जितमा २०१०को आफ्नो पहिलो [[ह्याट-ट्रिक]] र सिजनको पहिलो ह्याट-ट्रिक गरे।<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2010/01/10/1737345/tenerife-0-5-barcelona-messi-masterclass-sees-barca-back-on|title=Tenerife 0-5 Barcelona: Messi Masterclass Sees Barca Back On Top|date=2010-01-10|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> १७ जनवरीमा, मेसीले [[सेविला]] माथि ४-०को जितमा क्लबको लागि आफ्नो १००औँ गोल गरे।<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/catala/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/01/n100117108826.html|title=Messi 101: el golejador centenari més jove|date=2010-01-17|publisher=fcbarcelona.cat|accessdate=2010-01-17|language=Catalan|last=Bogunyà|first=Roger}}</ref> ==== २०१०-११ सिजन: पाँचौ ला लिगा उपाधि र तेस्रो च्याम्पियन्स लिग ==== मेसीले सेभिल्ला विरुद्ध [[ह्याट्रिक]] गर्दै २०१०-११ को सिजनको पहिलो उपाधी सुपरकोपा डे स्पाना सुनिश्चित गराए। पहिलो लेगमा पराजित भएपनि दोस्रो लेगमा ४-० ले जितेर यो उपाधी जितेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/816500/magic-lionel-messi-wins-supercopa-for-barca|title=Magic Messi Wins Supercopa for Barça|date=21 August 2010|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> प्लेमेकरको भूमिकामा, २०१० नोभेम्बर २९ मा भएको खेल [[एल क्लासिको]] मा, जोसे मौरिन्होको रियल म्याड्रिड संगको पहिलो खेलमा बार्सिलोनाले रियल म्याड्रिडलाई ५-० ले पराजित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/nov/29/barcelona-real-madrid-la-liga|title=David Villa Strikes Twice as Slick Barcelona Thrash Real Madrid|last=Lowe|first=Sid|date=29 November 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> मेसीले आफ्नो टोलीलाई १६ औ लगातार विजय हासिल गराए, जुन स्पेनिस फुटबलमा एक किर्तिमान बन्यो र उनले २०११ फेब्रुअरी ५ मा अथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड विरुद्ध ह्याट्रिक गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9388847.stm|title=Lionel Messi Stars as Barcelona Seal Record League Win|date=6 February 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-wins-in-the-top-division-of-spanish-football-(soccer)|title=Most Consecutive Wins in the Top Division of Spanish football (Soccer)|work=Guinness World Records|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> उनको २०१० को क्लब प्रदर्शनले उनलाई उनको [[२०१० फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर|पहिलो]] [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]] दिलायो। यो बेलोन डी ओर र फिफा विश्व खेलाडीको एकै पुरस्कार थियो। यद्यपि उनले यो पुरस्कार दिइदा [[२०१० फिफा विश्वकप]] मा अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि केही गर्न नसकेकाले केही आलोचना पनि भयो।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}}<ref name="Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2011/jan/11/lionel-messi-xavi-ballon-dor|title=Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award|last=Lowe|first=Sid|date=11 January 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> अवार्डको पुरानो ढाँचा अनुसार, उनी शीर्ष तीनबाट बाहिर हुन्थे, उनको जित अन्तराष्ट्रिय प्रशिक्षक र कप्तानहरूको मतबाट भयो।<ref name="Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award" /> सिजनको अन्त्यतिर, बार्सिलोनाले १८ दिनको दौरानमा चार [[एल क्लासिको]] खेल खेल्यो। अप्रिल १६ मा भएको लिगको खेल बराबरीमा सकियो। यसमा मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा गोल गरेका थिए। चार दिन पछि भएको [[कोपा डेल रे]]को फाइनलमा बार्सिलोना पराजित भयो। च्याम्पियन्स लिग सेमीफाइनलको पहिलो लेगमा बार्सिलोनाको २-० को जितमा दुवै गोल मेसीले गरेका थिए। दोस्रो गोल उनले तीन रियल खेलाडीहरू बीच द्रिबल गरेर गरेका थिए-यो गोल प्रतियोगिताकै उत्कृष्ट गोल ठहरियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fmGdOYFwHsE|title=Ronaldo's overhead kick and five other classic UCL goals|publisher=UEFA.com.|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> दोस्रो लेगमा उनले गोल नगरे पनि बार्सिलोनालाई सेमीफैनलमा पुर्याउन निकै महत्वपूर्ण थिए,<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Sid|last=Lowe|title=The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in the Aftermath of the Clásico Series|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=5 May 2011|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508163612/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html|archive-date=8 May 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508163612/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html |date=8 May 2011 }}</ref>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=494–499}} जहाँ उनीहरूको भेट [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]संग भयो, यो खेल दुइ वर्ष अघिको पुनरावृति हुने भयो, १२ गोल सहित प्रतियोगिताको उच्च गोलकर्ताको रुपमा उनले २८ मे मा [[वेम्बली स्टेडियम]]मा भएको खेलमा उच्च प्रदर्शन गरे र बार्साको ३-१ को विजयमा विजयी गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1634951.html|title=Top Scorer Messi Matches Van Nistelrooy Mark|date=28 May 2011|publisher=UEFA|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/13576522|title=Barcelona 3–1 Man Utd|last=McNulty|first=Phil|date=28 May 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> बार्सिलोनाले लगातार तेस्रो ला लिगा उपाधी जित्यो। ३१ गोल सहित उनी उच्च गोलकर्ता र १८ एसिस्ट सहित उनी उनी उच्च एसिस्ट पनि दिएका थिए।<ref name="Matches 2010–11">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11|title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2010–11|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/15/statistics/assists?season=2010|title=Spanish Primera División Statistics: Top Assists 2010–11|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> उनले यो सिजन सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा ५३ गोल र २४ एसिस्ट सहित पुरा गरे। यससंगै उनी बार्सिलोनाको लागि एउटी सिजन सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता र स्पेनिस फुटबलमा ५० गोल पुरा गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी पनि भए।<ref name="Matches 2010–11" /><ref name="Sublime">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/europe/article3041129.ece|title=Is Sublime Lionel Messi the Greatest Footballer Ever?|last1=Cascarino|first1=Tony|date=27 May 2011|newspaper=The Times|access-date=27 July 2015|last2=Barclay|first2=Patrick|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[चित्र:FC_Barcelona_Team_2,_2011.jpg|right|thumb|२०११ डिसेम्बरमा मेसी (बीच) आफ्ना सहकर्मीहरू संग फिफा क्लब विश्वकप जितेपछि खुसीयाली मनाउदै ]] मेसी नम्बर ८ (क्रिएटर), ९ (गोलकर्ता) र १० (एसिस्टेन्ट) को समिश्रणको रुपमा उदाएपछि,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.projectsportsmastery.com/lionel-messi-creator-scorer-assistant/|title=Professional Soccer Training Drills – Lionel Messi a Combination|date=11 January 2018|work=Project Sports Mastery|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> उनले २०११-१२ को सिजनमा अनपेक्षित ७३ गोल गरे र २९ एसिस्ट दिए। यसमा उनले १० मौका ह्याट्रिक वा बढी गोल गरे। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=512}}<ref name="Matches 2011–12">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12|title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-the-best-goalscorer-ever-but-is-the-barcelona-player-the-greatestever-footballer-8398696.html|title=Lionel Messi: The Best Goalscorer Ever but Is the Barcelona Player the Greatest-Ever Footballer?|last=Mohamed|first=Majid|date=10 December 2012|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925211000/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-the-best-goalscorer-ever-but-is-the-barcelona-player-the-greatestever-footballer-8398696.html|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> उनले बार्सालाई स्पेनिस सुपर कप र युरोपियन सुपर कप दुवै जिताए, उनले रियल म्याड्रिड विरुद्धको समग्रको ५-४ को जितमा तीन पटक गोल गरे , र [[राऊल गोन्झालेझ]] लाई पछि पारे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/europe/2011-08-17-supercup-brawl-barcelona-real-madrid_n.htm|title=Tempers Flare into Brawl as Barcelona Beats Real Madrid|date=17 August 2011|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/8726103/Barcelona-2-Porto-0-match-report.html|title=Barcelona 2 Porto 0: Match Report|last=Winter|first=Henry|date=26 August 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> वर्षको अन्त्यमा, उनले फिफा क्लब विश्व कप को फाइनलमा [[सान्तोस फुटबल क्लब|सान्तोस]] विरुद्ध दुई गोल गरे , र प्रतियोगिताको गोल्डेन बल जिते, जुन दुई वर्ष अघि पनि उनले जितेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/16234168|title=Barcelona Win FIFA Club World Cup|date=18 December 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> २०११ मा उनको यो प्रयासको लागि, उनले [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]] जिते। उनी [[जोहान क्राइफ]], [[मिसेल प्लातिनी]] र मार्को भान बास्तिन पछि बालों डी ओर तीन पटक जित्ने उनी चौथो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1006543/2011-fifa-ballon-dor-lionel-messi-crowned-worlds-best|title=Messi Crowned World's Best|date=9 January 2012|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> यसबाहेक , उनले पहिलो यूएफा बेस्ट प्लेयर इन युरोप जिते, जुन बेलों दिओर को पुरानो ढाँचा थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.org/uefa-best-player-award/news/newsid=1667736.html#messi+wins+uefa+best+player+europe+award|title=Messi Wins UEFA Best Player in Europe Award|date=25 August 2011|publisher=UEFA|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> त्यसपछि , मेसीलाई व्यापक रुपमा इतिहासको [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]] र [[पेले]] जस्तै एक महान् खेलाडीको रुपमा हेर्न थालियो।<ref name="BoyGenius" /> ==== २०१२: कीर्तिमानी वर्ष ==== {{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quote="मलाई मेसीको सिंहासनको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्न चाहनेहरू प्रति दुख लाग्छ - यो असम्भव छ, यो फुच्चे अद्वितीय छ। "|source=– [[पेप ग्वार्दिओला]] २०१२ मार्च २४ मा २४ वर्षको उमेरमा मेसी बार्सिलोनाको सर्वोच्च गोलकर्ता बनेपछि <ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Hayward |title=FIFA Ballon d'Or 2012: Lionel Messi Rewarded for Displays No Rival Could Ever Match |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=7 January 2013 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/9786403/Fifa-Ballon-dOr-2012-Lionel-Messi-rewarded-for-displays-no-rival-could-ever-match.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dominant">{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi as Dominant as Michael Jordan, Claims Barcelona's Pep Guardiola, After He Breaks Goal Record |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 March 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/9157192/Lionel-Messi-as-dominant-as-Michael-Jordan-claims-Barcelonas-Pep-Guardiola-after-he-breaks-goal-record.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref>}}मेसीले सिजनको दोस्रो खण्डमा पनि आफ्नो लय कायम राखे , र २०१२ को वर्षमा उनले लामो समय देखि कायम रहेका किर्तिमानहरू भंग गरे। मार्च ७ मा, [[भ्यालेन्सिया सीएफ|भ्यालेन्सिया]] विरुद्ध चार गोल गरेको दुई साता पछि, उनले च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा अन्तिम १६ को खेलमा [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] विरुद्ध पाँच गोल गरे, च्याम्पियन्स लिगको इतिहासमा यो उपलब्धी यसअघि कसैले हासिल गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/19/sport/football/football-barcelona-messi-milan/|title=Messi Scores Four as Barcelona Rout Valencia|date=20 February 2012|publisher=CNN|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17291685|title=Lionel Messi Scores Five in Barcelona Champions League Win|last=Rostance|first=Tom|date=7 March 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> यस अतिरिक्त उनले पाँच एसिस्ट दिएका थिए, यससंगै उनले जोसे अल्ताफिनीको किर्तिमान संग बराबरी गरे जुन १९६२-६३ को सिजनमा कायम भएको थियो, र उनी [[गर्ड मुलर]]पछि कै दोश्रो उच्च गोलकर्ता भए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2012/statistics/index.html|title=UEFA Champions League 2011–12: Statistics|publisher=UEFA|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1795767.html|title=Record-Breaking Messi Takes Top Scorer Honour|date=19 May 2012|publisher=UEFA|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> दुई साता पछि , मार्च २० मा, मेसी २४ वर्षको उमेरमा बार्सिलोनाको उच्च गोलकर्ता भए, उनले ग्रानाडा एफ सी विरुद्ध ह्याट्रिक गर्दै ५७ वर्ष पहिलेको सिजर रोद्रिग्वेजको २३२ गोलको किर्तिमानलाई पछि पारे।<ref name="Dominant" /> [[चित्र:FC_Barcelona_-_Bayer_04_Leverkusen,_7_mar_2012_(07).jpg|left|thumb|२०१२ मार्चा मा यूएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको अन्तिम १६ मा [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन|बायर लिभरकुसेन]] विरुद्ध पाँच गोल गरेपछि आकास तिर औला देखाउँदै मेसी ]] मेसीको व्यक्तिगत लय बाहेक पनि, पप ग्वार्दिओलाको मातहतमा रहेको बार्सिलोनाको चार वर्ष -क्लबको इतिहासमा एक महान युग मध्ये एक थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17867892|title=Pep Guardiola Leaves Lasting Legacy at Barcelona|last=Brassell|first=Andy|date=27 April 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> बार्सिलोनाले मे २५ मा एथ्लेतिको बिल्बाउ बिरुद्ध कोपा डेल रे जिते पनि टोलीले लिगमा रियल म्याड्रिड संग पछि रहनु पर्यो र च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा चेल्सी संग पराजित हुनु पर्यो। त्यसमा मेसीले पेनाल्टी मिस गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/18216611|title=Pep Guardiola's Final Game: Barcelona Win Copa del Rey|date=26 May 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17817584|title=Barcelona 2–2 Chelsea (agg 2–3)|last=Dawkes|first=Phil|date=24 April 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> मे ५ मा लिगमा बार्साको अन्तिम होम खेलमा, मेसीले सबै चार गोल गरे र ग्वार्दिओलालाई गला लगाए र उनले बार्सिलोनाको प्रशिक्षकबाट राजीनामाको घोषणा गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/may/05/lionel-messi-four-goals-guardiola|title=Four-Goal Lionel Messi Gives Pep Guardiola Perfect Barcelona Send-Off|date=5 May 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> यो सिजन उनले ५० गोल सहित दोस्रो पटक स्पेनी लिग र युरोपको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता बने। उनले सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा ७३ गोल गर्दै गर्ड मुलर ले ६७ गोल सहित बुन्देस लिगा मा, एकै सिजनाको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ताको किर्तिमान भंग गरे।<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lionel Messi Receives Golden Boot Award as Europe's Top Scorer|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=29 October 2012|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2012/10/29/lionel-messi-golden-boot-barcelona-ap|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1258108/messi-breaks-40-year-record-with-86th-goal-of-2012|title=Messi Smashes Müller's 40-Year Record|date=9 December 2012|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> टिटो भिलानोभा, जसले मेसीलाई १४ वर्षको उमेरमा प्रशिक्षण दिएका थिए, को प्रशिक्षकत्वमा मेसीले क्लबलाई उत्कृष्ट सुरुवात दिलाए , र कुल ५५ अङ्कको अग्रता हासिल गर्यो, जुन स्पेनिस फुटबलाको एक किर्तिमान हो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/30/sports/soccer/tito-vilanovas-death-cut-through-spanish-soccers-rivalries.html|title=To See Coach's Legacy at Barcelona, Just Look on Field|last=Hughes|first=Rob|date=29 April 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/19/sport/football/football-barcelona-defeat-sociedad/index.html|title=Ten-Man Barcelona Shocked by Sociedad|date=19 January 2013|publisher=CNN|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> [[रियल बेटिस]] विरुद्ध दुई गोल गरेर उनले लामो समय देखि कायम रहेको किर्तिमान भंग गरे , उनले बार्सिलोनाको लागि ला लिगामा सिजर रोड्रीग्वेजको १९० लिग गोलाको किर्तिमानलाई पछि पारे, उनी ला लिगामा बार्सीलोनाको लागि सबैभन्दा उच्च गोलकर्ता भए , र गर्ड मुलरले १९७२ मा मा बायर्न म्युनिख र [[पश्चिम जर्मनी]]को लागि एउतै क्यालेन्डर वर्षमा गरेको सर्वाधिक ८५ गोलको किर्तिमान भंग गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-spain-messi-idUKL5E8NA1RM20121210|title=Fatherhood Hasn't Slowed Record-Breaking Messi|last=Rogers|first=Iain|date=10 December 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=9 August 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408012732/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-spain-messi-idUKL5E8NA1RM20121210 |date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> मेसीले मुलरको ४० वर्ष पुरानो किर्तिमान तोदेपछि मुलरलाई बार्सिलोनाको १० नम्बरको जर्सीमा "सम्मान र प्रशंशा सहित" भन्ने लेखेर जर्सी पठाए।<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mueller Gets Messi's No. 10 Barcelona Shirt|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=17 January 2013|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2013/01/17/lionel-messi-gerd-mueller-jersey|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> त्यो वर्षको अन्त्यमा. मेसीले सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा अर्जेन्टिना र बार्सिलोनाको लागि ९१ गोल गरे।<ref name="MostDecorated">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-lionel-messi-becomes-most-decorated-player-in-history-after-winning-unprecedented-fourth-8441605.html|title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi Becomes Most Decorated Player in History after Winning Unprecedented Fourth Straight Ballon d'Or|last=Mohamed|first=Majid|date=8 January 2013|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> यो उपलब्धीलाई प्रमाणिकताको विषयलाई लिएर [[फिफा]]ले स्वीकार नगरेपनि , उनले एउट क्यालेन्डर वर्षमा सर्वाधिक गोलको लागि [[गिनिज वर्ल्ड रेकर्ड्स|गिनिज वर्ल्ड रेकर्ड्स किर्तिमान]] प्राप्त गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20727929|title=FIFA Refuses to Back Lionel Messi or Godfrey Chitalu for Goal Record|date=14 December 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/12/barcelona-star-lionel-messi-sets-new-goalscoring-record-46285/|title=Barcelona Star Lionel Messi Sets New Goal-Scoring Record|date=10 December 2012|work=Guinness World Records|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> निर्बिकल्प रुपमा, मेसीले पुन: [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]] जिते, फुटबल इतिहासमा चार पटक बेलों डी ओर जित्ने एक मात्र खेलाडी बने।<ref name="MostDecorated" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20910453|title=Ballon d'Or Contenders Messi, Ronaldo and Iniesta in Profile|last=Chowdhury|first=Saj|date=9 January 2013|work=BBC Sport|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> ==== २०१३-१४ :मेसीडेपेनडेनसिया ==== ==== २०१४-१५ :दोस्रो ट्रेबल ==== ==== २०१५-१६: घरेलु सफलता ==== ==== २०१६-१७: चौथो गोल्डेन बुट ==== ==== २०१७-१८: घरेलु डबल तथा कीर्तिमानी पाँचौ गोल्डेन बुट ==== ==== २०१८-१९: कप्तान, १०औँ ला लिगा उपाधी र कीर्तिमानी छैटौ गोल्डेन बुट ==== ==== २०१९-२०: कीर्तिमानी छैटौ बेलोन डी ओर ==== ==== २०२०-२१: बार्सीलोनामा आखिरी सिजन ==== === पेरिस सेन्ट जर्मेन === सन् २०२१ अगस्ट १० मा, मेसी [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेनमा]] अनुबन्ध भए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58163106|title=Lionel Messi signs two-year Paris St-Germain deal after leaving Barcelona|work=BBC|access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> उनले थप एक वर्षको विकल्प सहित उनले फ्रेन्च क्लबमा दूई वर्षको सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/cp-lionel-messi-psg-paris-saint-germain-mercato|title=Leo Messi signs for Paris Saint-Germain|date=10 August 2021|website=PSG}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718074124/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/cp-lionel-messi-psg-paris-saint-germain-mercato |date=18 July 2022 }}</ref> [[चित्र:Mbappe_Messi_Neymar.jpg|left|thumb|198x198px|मसी (बिचमा ) र उनका सहकर्मी [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे]] र [[नेयमार]]]] मेस्सीले आफ्नो स्क्वाड नम्बरको रूपमा ३० चयन गरे, जुन उनले किशोरावस्थामा बार्सिलोनाका लागि सिनियर टोलीमा डेब्यू गर्दा लगाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/lionel-messi-psg-shirt-number-transfer-b1900397.html|title=Lionel Messi shirt number revealed by PSG|work=The Independent|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220614/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/lionel-messi-psg-shirt-number-transfer-b1900397.html|archive-date=14 June 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> मेस्सीले २९ अगस्टमा क्लबका लागि डेब्यु गरे, [[लिग वान|लिग १]] मा रेम्समाथि २–० को जितको दोस्रो हाफमा वैकल्पिक खेलाडीको रूपमा आए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4465426/lionel-messis-psg-debut-becomes-most-watched-french-football-match-in-spain|title=Messi's PSG debut breaks Spain viewing records|date=30 August 2021|work=ESPN.com|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> उनले क्लबको लागि यूएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको पहिलो खेल १५ सेप्टेम्बरमा क्लब ब्रुगी बिरुद्धको १-१ अवे बराबरीमा खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/lionel-messi-makes-first-psg-start-but-club-brugge-hold-on-for-a-draw-2542485|title=Lionel Messi Makes First PSG Start But Club Brugge Hold On For A Draw|website=NDTVSports.com|access-date=19 September 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109020921/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/lionel-messi-makes-first-psg-start-but-club-brugge-hold-on-for-a-draw-2542485 |date=9 November 2021 }}</ref> चार दिन पछि, मसीले लियोन विरूद्ध २-१ को जितमा पहिलो पटक होम म्याच खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/icardi-strikes-late-give-psg-win-over-lyon-messis-home-debut-2021-09-19/|title=Icardi strikes late to give PSG win over Lyon on Messi's home debut|date=19 September 2021|website=Reuters|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> २८ सेप्टेम्बरमा, उनले क्लबको लागि पहिलो गोल गरेका थिए। [[पेप ग्वार्दिओला|पेप ग्वर्दिओला]]को मेनचेस्टर सिटि बिरुद्ध को खेलमा उनले १८ यार्ड पर बाट गरेको प्रहार गोल भएको थियो। सो खेलमा पी एस जी २-० ले विजियी भयो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/29/football/lionel-messi-first-psg-goal-ucl-spt-intl/index.html|title=Lionel Messi scores first PSG goal in Champions League win over Manchester City|last=Morse|first=Ben|date=29 September 2021|website=CNN|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> On 21 November (matchday 14), Messi scored his first Ligue 1 goal in a 3–1 home victory over [[FC Nantes|Nantes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/ligue-1-lionel-messi-scores-first-league-goal-for-psg-rennes-beat-montpellier-10152801.html|title=Ligue 1: Lionel Messi scores first league goal for PSG, Rennes beat Montpellier-Sports News , Firstpost|date=21 November 2021|website=Firstpost|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> Later that month, he provided a hat-trick of assists for the fifth time in his career as PSG beat [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] 3–1 away from home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4534088/erling-haaland-beats-cristiano-ronaldo-record-lionel-messi-fifth-hattrick-of-assists-bayern-munich-historic-102|title=Stats: Haaland beats Ronaldo record, Messi's fifth hattrick of assists, Bayern's historic 102|date=29 November 2021|website=ESPN|access-date=29 November 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201012357/https://www.espn.in/football/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4534088/erling-haaland-beats-cristiano-ronaldo-record-lionel-messi-fifth-hattrick-of-assists-bayern-munich-historic-102 |date=1 December 2021 }}</ref> Having scored 40 goals at club and international level for the calendar year and helped Argentina win the 2021 Copa América, Messi received a record [[2021 Ballon d'Or|seventh Ballon d'Or]] on 29 November.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59454640|title=Ballon d'Or: Lionel Messi wins award as best player in world football for seventh time|access-date=29 November 2021|agency=BBC}}</ref>{{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quote="I think about being able to reverse the situation, about not having the feeling of having changed clubs and that it didn’t go well for me. I’m already prepared for what’s to come, I know the club, I know the city, I’m a little more comfortable with the dressing room, with my teammates and I know it’s going to be different."|source=– Messi reflects on his difficult first season at PSG and how he wants to improve in his second season in an interview with [[TyC Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi talks leaving Barcelona, Real Madrid, Sergio Aguero and PSG|date=30 May 2022 |url=https://www.barcablaugranes.com/2022/5/30/23147668/messi-talks-leaving-barcelona-real-madrid-sergio-aguero-and-psg|access-date=7 August 2022|publisher=Barca Blaugranes}}</ref>}}On 2 January 2022, PSG announced that Messi had tested positive for [[COVID-19]], he later went on to miss two league games and one cup game.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4560395/covid-lionel-messithree-other-psg-players-positive|title=PSG's Messi tests positive for COVID-19|date=2022-01-02|website=ESPN|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/30/football/lionel-messi-covid-struggles-psg-spt-intl/index.html|title=Lionel Messi reveals his behind-the-scenes Covid-19 struggle|last=Foster|first=Matt|date=30 May 2022|website=CNN|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> He made his return against on 23 January in the league against [[Stade de Reims|Reims]] where he came on as a substitute in the second half and assisted PSG's third goal in a 4–0 home victory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/messi-returns-ramos-scores-and-psg-cruise/articleshow/89084711.cms|title=Messi returns, Ramos scores and PSG cruise|date=January 24, 2022|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> On 13 March, following their Champions League elimination against Real Madrid in the [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|round of 16]], Messi and his team-mate Neymar were booed by some of the PSG fans at the [[Parc des Princes]] in the league match against Bordeaux.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4617314/why-psg-fans-booed-messimbappe-and-co-their-frustration-runs-much-deeper-than-the-champions-league|title=PSG fans' frustrations run a lot deeper than Messi and the Champions League|date=2022-03-16|website=ESPN|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/psg-fans-booing-messi-unbelievable-pochettino/bltd15fedeeb21fe971|title=PSG fans booing Messi 'unbelievable' - Pochettino|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> Then-PSG manager [[Mauricio Pochettino]] defended Messi by saying "To judge Messi in this way is unfair," adding "It was a year of learning, and not just on a professional level coming to Paris Saint-Germain, in a new league and with new teammates, but also on a family level."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4655753/psgs-lionel-messi-has-been-judged-unfairly-mauricio-pochettino|title=Pochettino: Messi has been judged unfairly at PSG|date=2022-05-02|website=ESPN|language=en|access-date=2022-06-13}}</ref> On 23 April, he helped PSG clinch their 10th Ligue 1 title after scoring from a strike outside the 18-yard box in a 1–1 draw against [[RC Lens|Lens]] at home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.espn.com/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4646307/lionel-messi-scores-as-paris-saint-germain-win-ligue-1-to-equal-marseillesaint-etienne-title-record|title=Messi scores as PSG win title, equal Ligue 1 mark|date=23 April 2022|website=ESPN.com|access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref> Messi finished his debut season with 11 goals and 14 assists across all competitions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/lionel-messi-psg-performance-2021-22-season/bltcd4c10b617272ed1|title=Worst season in Lionel Messi's career! How did the Argentine perform in the 2021-22 season for PSG?|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> He failed to reach double figure league goals for the first time since 2005–06, ending the campaign with 6.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsmax.tv/football/international/item/95781-real-madrid-v-psg-messi-is-in-mbappe-s-shadow-but-do-not-buy-the-myth-that-he-is-finished|title=Real Madrid v PSG: Messi is in Mbappe's shadow but do not buy the myth that he is finished|website=sportsmax.tv|access-date=2022-06-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170602/https://www.sportsmax.tv/football/international/item/95781-real-madrid-v-psg-messi-is-in-mbappe-s-shadow-but-do-not-buy-the-myth-that-he-is-finished |date=2022-09-20 }}</ref> === इन्टर मियामी === पेरिस सेन्ट जर्मेनबाट बिदाइको पुष्टि पछि, मेस्सी पूर्व क्लब बार्सिलोनामा फर्कने, साथै साउदी प्रोफेशनल लिग क्लब अल-हिलालमा ठुलो पैसा सार्नको साथ जोडिएको थियो, तर उनको अन्तिम निर्णय [[मेजर लिग सकर]] क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]]मा अनुबन्धित भएको थियो। ५ जून २०२३ द्वारा बार्सिलोना अध्यक्ष जोन लापोर्टालाई सूचित गरिएको थियो।<ref name="MessiMiamiBBC">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65832658|title=Lionel Messi to join Inter Miami after leaving Paris St-Germain|last=Balague|first=Guillem|website=BBC Sport|date=7 June 2023|access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="MessiBarcaReturn">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3532021/fc-barcelona-wishes-lionel-messi-the-best-of-luck-in-his-new-professional-phase|title=FC Barcelona wishes Lionel Messi the best of luck in his new professional phase|website=fcbarcelona.com|date=7 June 2023|access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref>आर्थिक अभावका कारण बार्सिलोनाले उनलाई अनुबन्ध गर्न सकेन।<ref name=":0" /> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == जुन २००४ मा, [[पाराग्वे]] बिरुद्ध अन्डर-२० [[मैत्रीपूर्ण खेल]]मा उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि पहिलो खेल खेले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lionelmessi.com/biography/|title=Lionel Messi Biography|publisher=Lionelmessi.com|accessdate=2009-07-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802154715/http://lionelmessi.com/biography/ |date=2008-08-02 }}</ref> सन् २००५ मा वहाँले नेदरल्यान्डमा [[२००५ फिफा वर्ल्ड युथ च्याम्पियनसिप]] जितने टोलीको खेलाडी थिए। यहाँ उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि अन्तिम चार खेल खेलेर प्रतियोगिता अवधिमा सर्वाधिक ६ गोल गर्दै [[गोल्डन बल]] र [[गोल्डन बुट]] जिते।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=104/edition=9102/index.html|title=FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> उनले १७ अगस्ट २००५मा १८ वर्षको उमेरमा [[हङ्गेरी]] बिरुद्ध पहिलो पूर्ण अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेले। ६३औँ मिनेटमा उनले अर्को खेलाडीलाई प्रतिस्थापित गरे, तर ६५औँ मिनेटमा निष्कासित भए किन भने रेफ्री, [[मार्कस मर्क]]ले उनले आफ्नो सर्ट तान्दै गरेका रक्षापंक्ति [[विलमस भ्यानज्याक]]लाई टाउकाले हानेका देखेका थिए। यो निर्णय विवादास्पद थियो र [[डिएगो म्याराडोना|म्याराडोना]]ले पनि निर्णय पूर्व-निर्धारित भएको दावा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_football/4172400.stm|title=Messi handles 'new Maradona' tag|publisher=BBC Sport| date=2005-08-22| accessdate=2009-07-07| last=Vickery |first=Tim}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200508/20/eng20050820_203655.html|title=Argentine striker Messi recalled for World Cup qualifier|publisher=''People's Daily Online''| date=2005-08-20| accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> ३ सेप्टेम्बरमा [[विश्वकप छनौट]]मा [[पाराग्वे]]लाई १-०ले हराएको खेलबाट मेसी टोलीमा फिर्ता भए। म्याच अगावै उनले भने कि "यो मेरो पून:शुरूआत हो। पहिलो धेरै कम समयको लागि नै थियो।"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739|title=Messi tries again as Argentina face Paraguay|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2005-09-02|accessdate=2009-07-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224026/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739 |date=2011-06-28 }}</ref> यसपछि उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि [[पेरू]] बिरुद्ध आफ्नो पहिलो खेल शुरू गरे; म्याच पछि पेकरम्यानले मेसीलाई एक "रत्न"को रूपमा वर्णन गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/10messi.htm|title=Messi is a jewel says Argentina coach|publisher=Rediff| date=2005-10-10| accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Homewood|first=Brian}}</ref> २८ मार्च, २००९मा [[भेनेजुएला]] बिरुद्द विश्वकप छनौटमा मेसीले पहिलो पल्ट अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि १० नम्बरको जर्सी लगाए। यो म्याच डिएगो म्यारडोनाको लागि अर्जेन्टिनाको प्रशिक्षकको रूपमा पहिलो आधिकारिक म्याच थियो। लियोनेल मेसीको शुरुवाती गोलको मद्दतले अर्जेन्टिनाले खेल ४-० ले जित्यो।<ref>{{cite web| url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=230046&cc=5739| title = Argentina 4-0 Venezuela: Messi the star turn| date = 2009-03-28| accessdate = 2009-07-07| publisher = Allaboutfcbarcelona.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081458/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=230046&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> === २००६ फिफा विश्व कप === यस चोटले मेसीलाई २००५-०६ सिजनको अन्तमा दुई महिनाको लागि खेलबाट बाहिर राख्यो, यसको कारणले [[विश्वकप]]मा मेसीको उपस्थिति पनि आशङ्काको घेरामा पर्‍यो। तापनि, मेसीलाई १५ मे २००६मा हुने प्रतियोगिताको लागि अर्जेन्टिनी टोलीमा छानियो। उनले विश्वकप भन्दा पहिले, अर्जेन्टिना अन्डर-२० टोलीको बिरुद्ध फाइनल म्याचमा १५ मिनेट र [[अङ्गोला|एङ्गोला]] बिरुद्ध मैत्रिपूर्ण खेलमा ६४ मिनेट खेले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5047440.stm| title=Messi comes of age|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-05|accessdate=2009-07-07| last = Vickery | first = Tim }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5023884.stm| title=Argentina allay fears over Messi|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-05-30|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> उनले [[आइभाेरी काेस्ट|आइभरी कोस्ट]] बिरुद्ध [[अर्जेन्टिना]]को शुरूवाती म्याच विजय प्रतिस्थापकहरूको बेञ्चबाट हेर्न मात्र पाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kicker.de/fussball/wm/startseite/artikel/350938| title=Messi weiter auf der Bank|publisher=Kicker.de|date=2006-06-13|accessdate=2009-07-07|language=German}}</ref> [[सर्बिया]] बिरुद्ध अर्को म्याचमा मेसी ७४औँ मिनेटमा [[म्याक्सी रोड्रिग्वेज]]को स्थानमा मैदानमा छिरेर विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाबाट खेल्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी बने। उनले खेलमा प्रवेश गरेको केही मिनेटमा नै [[हरनान क्रेस्पो]]लाई गोल गर्नमा सहयोग गरे र ६-० को जितमा अन्तिम गोल पनि गर्न सफल भए, यसबाट उनी प्रतियोगितामा सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको स्कोरर र [[विश्व कप]]को इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको छैठौ गोल गर्ने स्कोरर बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853028.stm| title=Argentina 6-0 Serbia & Montenegro|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-16|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> मेसीले [[नेदरल्यान्ड]] बिरुद्ध अर्जेन्टिना ०-० को बराबरीमा शुरूवात गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853328.stm| title=Holland 0-0 Argentina|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-21|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> [[मेक्सिको]] बिरुद्धको अर्को खेलमा १-१ गोलको बराबरी संगै, मेसी ८४औँ मिनेटमा स्थानापन्नको रूपमा मैदान प्रवेश गरे। अर्जेन्टिनालाई अगाडि बढनको लागि [[अतिरिक्त समय]]मा एक गोलको आवश्यकता रहेको अवस्थामा उनले गोल स्कोर गर्नै लागेका थिए, तर उनलाई [[अफसाइड]] घोषित गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/worldcup06/2006/06/26/rodriguez_finds_an_answer_but.html|title=Rodríguez finds an answer but many questions still remain|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2006-06-26|accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Walker|first=Michael}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630153833/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/worldcup06/2006/06/26/rodriguez_finds_an_answer_but.html |date=2006-06-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991492.stm|title=Argentina 2-1 Mexico (aet)|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-24|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> प्रशिक्षक जोस पेकरम्यानले [[जर्मनी]] बिरुद्धको क्वार्टर-फाइनल खेलमा मेसीलाई मैदान प्रवेश गराएनन्, जुन खेल अर्जेन्टिनाले [[पेनाल्टी शूटआउट]]मा ४-२ले हार्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991602.stm|title=Germany 1-1 Argentina|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-30|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> === २००७ कोपा अमेरिका कप === [[चित्र:Messi in Copa America 2007.jpg|thumb|220px|कोपा अमेरीका कप २००७मा मेस्सि]] मेस्सिले २९ जुन २००७ मा, [[कोपा अमेरिका कप]] २००७ मा आफ्नो पहिलो खेल खेले, यस खेलमा [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]ले [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]लाई ४-१को गोल अन्तरले हरायो। यस खेलमा, उनले एक प्लेमेकरको रूपमा आफ्नो क्षमता प्रदर्शन गरे। उनले आफ्नो सहकर्मी स्ट्राइकर [[हरनान क्रेस्पो]]को लागि गोल गर्नमा सहयोग गरे। ७९औँ मिनेटमा टेभेज मेसीको बदलामा मैदानमा आए र केही मिनेट पछि गोल स्कोर गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6252156.stm|title=Tevez Nets In Argentina Victory|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-06-29|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> उनको दोस्रो म्याच [[कोलोम्बिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|कोलम्बिया]]को बिरुद्ध खेले, जसमा उनले एक पेनाल्टी पाए र यसलाई क्रेस्पोले सहि सदुपयोग गर्दै खेललाई १-१को बराबरीमा परिवर्तित गर्नमा सफल भए। उनी अर्जेन्टिनाको दोस्रो गोलको पनि भगिदार भए किन भनें उनीलाई बक्सको बाहिर फल भएको थियो, जसलाई [[जुआन रिकेल्मी]]ले फ्रिकिकबाट गोलमा परिणत गरिदिए र अर्जेन्टीनाले ३-१को अग्रता हासिल गर्‍यो। खेलको अन्तिम स्कोर ४-२ का साथ अर्जेन्टिना टूर्नामेन्टको क्वार्टर-फाइनलमा प्रवेस गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6263888.stm|title=Argentina into last eight of Copa |publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-03|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> [[पाराग्वे]]को बिरुद्ध तेस्रो खेलमा, मेसी क्वार्टर-फाइनलको लागि योग्य साबित भईसकेकाले प्रशिक्षकले उनलाई विश्राम दिए। उनलाई ६४औँ मिनेटमा ०-० स्कोरको अवस्थामा [[इस्टेबन क्याम्बियासो]]को बदलामा मैदानमा उत्रिने मौका मिल्यो। ७९औँ मिनेटमा उनले [[ज्यावियर म्यास्चरानो]]लाई गोल गर्न सहयोग गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.conmebol.com/competiciones_evento_reporte.jsp?evento=1055&ano=2007&dv=1&flt=C&id=18&slangab=E|title= Argentina-Paraguay|publisher=Conmebol|date=2007-07-05|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref> क्वार्टर-फाइनलमा [[अर्जेन्टिना]]ले [[पेरू]]लाई ४-०को गोल अन्तरले हराउँदा मेसीले रिकेल्मीको पासमा भन्दा खेलको दोस्रो गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6282908.stm|title=Argentina and Mexico reach semis|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-09|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> [[मेक्सिको]]को बिरुद्ध सेमी-फाइनल म्याचमा मेसीले गोलरक्षक [[ओसवाल्डो स्यान्शेज]] भन्दा माथिबाट उफारेर गोल गरे, जसबाट अर्जेन्टिना ३-० जितका साथ फाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6294930.stm|title=Messi's Magic Goal|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-12|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> तर फाइनलमा अर्जेन्टिनाले [[ब्राजिल]] सँग ३-०को हार ब्यहोर्नु पर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/6899694.stm|title=Brazil victorious in Copa America|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-16|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref> [[चित्र:Messi olympics-soccer-7.jpg|thumb|left|220px|२००८ ओलम्पिकमा ब्राजिल बिरुद्धको खेलमा मेसी]] === २००८ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक === [[२००८ ग्रीष्मकालीनओलम्पिक]]मा मेसीलाई [[अर्जेन्टिना]]को लागि खेल्नबाट निषेध गरिए पछि,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2510034/Lionel-Messi-out-of-Olympics-after-Barcelona-win-court-appeal-against-Fifa.html|title=Lionel Messi out of Olympics after Barcelona win court appeal against Fifa|publisher=''Daily Telegraph''|date=2008-08-06|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> उनले बार्सिलोनाका नयाँ प्रशिक्षक [[जोसेप गार्डियोला]] सँग वार्ता गरे र पछि मात्र उनलाई खेल्न दिने सहमति जनाए।<ref name="Messi Olympics">{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA|title=Barcelona give Messi Olympics thumbs-up|publisher=AFP|date=2008-08-07|accessdate=2009-05-27|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110711111228/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA|archivedate=2011-07-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711111228/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA |date=2011-07-11 }}</ref> उनी अर्जेन्टिनाको टोलीमा समावेस भएर [[आइभाेरी काेस्ट|आइभोरी कोस्ट]] माथिको २-१ को जितमा पहिलो गोल स्कोर गरे।<ref name="Messi Olympics"/> यसपछि खेलमा उनले शुरूवाती गोल गरे र दोस्रो गोलको लागि [[एन्जल डी मारिया]]लाई सहयोग गर्दे अर्जेन्टिनालाई [[नेदरल्यान्ड]] बिरुद्ध अतिरिक्त समयमा २-१ को जित हासिल गराए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/mensolympic/matches/round=250022/match=300051809/summary.html|title=Messi sets up Brazil semi|publisher=FIFA|date=2008-08-16|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> उनले प्रतिद्वन्द्वी [[ब्राजिल]] बिरुद्धको म्याचमा पनि भाग लिए, जसमा अर्जेन्टिनाले ३-०को जित हासिल गरी फाइनलमा प्रवेश गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.examiner.com/x-642-Soccer-Examiner~y2008m8d19-Argentina-Takes-Down-Brazil-30-in-Olympic-Semifinal-Nigera-Awaits-in-Final|title=Argentina Takes Down Brazil 3-0| last = Baumgartner | first = Jesse |publisher=Examiner|date=2008-08-19|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> फाइनल खेलमा मेसीले फेरी एकमात्र गोलको लागि डी मारियालाई सहयोग गरी [[नाइजेरिया]]लाई १-०ले पराजित गरी अर्जेन्टिनालाई विजयी बनाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-08-23-860591452_x.htm|title=Argentina beats Nigeria 1-0 for Olympic gold| last = Millward | first = Robert |publisher=''USA Today''|date=2008-08-23|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> === २००८-२०११: लगातार खराब प्रदर्शन === २००८ को उत्तरार्ध पछि, अर्जेन्टिनी राष्ट्रिय टोलीले तीन वर्ष लगातार खराब गर्यो।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=384–387}} डिएगो म्याराडोनाको प्रशिक्षणमा २०१० फिफा विश्वकपमा छनोट हुन निकै सङ्घर्ष गर्नु पर्यो। छनोट को अन्तिम खेलमा उरुग्वेलाई १-० ले पराजित गरेर मात्र उबीहरू आफ्नो विश्वकपमा प्रवेश पाए। म्याराडोनालाई उनको रणनीतिक निर्णय(मेसीलाई उनको स्थान भन्दा बाहिर राखिने निर्णय)को लागि आलोचना गरियो। म्याराडोनाको प्रशिक्षणमा खेलेको छनोटको ८ खेलमा, मेसीले एक गोल गरे। उनले भेनेजुएला बिरुद्ध ४-० को जितमा सुरुवाती गोल गरेका थिए।<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} २००९ मार्च २९ मा भएको त्यो खेलमा उनले पहिलो पटक अर्जेन्टिनाको १० नम्बरको जर्सी लगाएका थिए। रिक्विलमेले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्यास लिएपछि उनले त्यो मौका पाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Chadband |title=Lionel Messi Can Achieve More at Barcelona than Diego Maradona |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=28 April 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/5231676/Lionel-Messi-can-achieve-more-at-Barcelona-than-Diego-Maradona.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> समग्रमा, छनोट चरणमा १८ खेलमा चार गोल गरे <ref name="Century"/> प्रतियोगिता भन्दा अगाडि, म्याराडोनाले बार्सीलोनामा मेसीलाई भेटे र रणनीतिको लागि आग्रह गरे; मेसीले ४-३-१-२ फर्मेसन उल्लेख गरे, जसमा उनी दुई स्ट्राइकरको बेचमा खेल्ने चाल थियो। यो फर्मेसनलाई अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबलमा ''एन्गाछे'' भनिन्थ्यो र यो मेसी बाल्यकाल देखि नै यसमा खेल्न रुचाउँथे। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=155–156, 405–406}} [[चित्र:Messi Copa America 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा उद्घाटन खेलमा बोलिभिया विरुद्धको खेलमा मेसी ]] उनीहरूको खराब प्रदर्शनको बाबजुद, अर्जेन्टिनालाई दक्षिण अफ्रिकामा हुने विश्वकपको दाबेदार मानिन्थ्यो। प्रतियोगिताको सुरुवातमा, यो नयाँ फर्मेसन असरदार देखियो; उनीहरूको उद्घाटन खेलमा नाइजेरिया बिरुद्ध मेसीले गोलका चार अवसर सिर्जना गरे तर ती सबै प्रहारहरू नाइरेजेली गोलकिपरले रोके। त्यो खेल अर्जेन्टिनाले १-० ले जित्यो। अर्को खेलमा, दक्षिण कोरिया विरुद्धको एकतर्फी जितमा, ४-१ को जितमा सबै गोलमा उनको योगदान रह्यो। यो जित पछि नक आउट चरणमा उनीहरूको स्थान सुरक्षित भयो। मेसी बाहेक मुख्य खेलाडीहरूलाई विश्राम दिइयो।{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} समूह चरणको अन्तिम खेलमा उनले पहिलो पटक खेलको कप्तानी गरे। ग्रीस विरुद्धको त्यो खेलमा २-० ले जित्यो र दोश्रो गोलमा उनको असिस्ट रह्यो र अर्जेन्टिनाले समूहको बिजेता बनेर समूह चरणको खेल सम्पन्न गर्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Rory |last=Smith |title=Greece 0 Argentina 2: Match Report |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=22 June 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/news/7842201/Greece-0-Argentina-2-match-report.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ को खेलमा, अर्जेन्टिनाले मेक्सिकोलाई ३-१ ले परजित गर्यो। मेसीले असिस्ट गरेको पहिलो गोल अफसाइडको कारणले विवादमा रह्यो। {{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=564–567}} क्वाटरफाइनलमा उनीहरूको भेट जर्मनीसँग तय भयो। चार वर्ष अगाडि क्वाटरफाइनलमा नै जर्मनीले अर्जेन्टिनालाई पराजित गरेको थियो। यसपाली जर्मनीले अर्जेन्टिनालाई ४-० ले निरीह बनायो। यो हार १९७४ विश्वकप यताकै खराब नतिजा थियो। {{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=564–567}} फिफाले मेसीलाईउनको "उत्कृष्ट" गति र सिर्जना र "अनौठो र कुशल" ड्रिबलिङ, सुट र पास उल्लेख गर्दै प्रतियोगिताको उत्कृष्ट १० खेलाडीको सूचीमा राख्यो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Adidas Golden Ball Nominees Announced |publisher=FIFA |date=9 July 2010 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2010/m=7/news=adidas-golden-ball-nominees-announced-1270753.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> घर फर्कदा, मेसीले कठोर प्रतिक्रियाको सामना गर्नुपर्यो। विश्वको नै उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी मानिएको उनलाई १९८६ मा म्याराडोनाले झै उपाधी जिताउने अपेक्षा गैएको थियो, तर मेसीले बार्सिलोनामा जुन उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन गर्दै आएका थिए, राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट पनि त्यस्तै खालको प्रदर्शन गर्न सफल भएनन्। यसकारणले उनलाई क्लब भन्दा देशलाई कम ध्यान महत्व दिएको आरोप लाग्यो। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}} म्याराडोनाको स्थानमा सर्जियो बाटिस्टा आए। उनको प्रशिक्षणमा अर्जेन्टिनाले ओलम्पिक जितेको थियो। उनले सार्वजनिक रुपमा मेसीको छायाँको टोली बनाउने कुरा व्यक्त गरे। उनलाई फरवार्ड बनाएर ४-३-३ को फर्मेसनमा खेल्ने जुनमा बार्सीलोना अत्यधिक सफल रहेको थियो। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<ref name="NewRole">{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Cox |title=Lionel Messi Showing Some Promising Signs in a New Argentina Role |publisher=ESPN FC |date=13 November 2014 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/tactics-and-analysis/67/post/2144957/argentina-national-team-lionel-messi-showing-some-promising-signs-in-a-new-argentina-role |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> मेसीले २०१०-११ क्लब सिजनमा कीर्तिमानी ५३ गोल गरेपनि उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि आधिकारिक खेलमा २००९ मार्च यता कुनै गोल गर्न सकेका थिएनन्।<ref name="Matches 2010–11" /><ref name="Century"/> ट्याक्टिकल परिवर्तन गरेपनी [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा गोलको खडेरी लागिरह्यो। यो कोपा प्रतियोगिता अर्जेन्टिनाले नै आयोजना गरेको थियो। उनीहरूको पहिलो दुई खेलमा, बोलिभिया र कोलम्बिया बिरुद्धको, बराबरीमा सकियो। मिडिया र फ्यानहरूले उनको र अर्का स्ट्राइकर [[कार्लोस टेभेज]]को तालमेल राम्रो नमिलेको कुरा याद गरे। कार्लोस टेभेजको अर्जेन्टिनी समुदाय माझ ठुलो लोकप्रियता थियो। मेसीलाई करिअरमा पहिलो पटक उनकै टोलीको समर्थकले नै निरन्तर दुर्ववहार गरिरहेका थिए। टेभेजलाई बेन्चमा राखेर खेलिएको अर्को महत्वपूर्ण खेलमा, मेसीले राम्रो प्रदर्शन गरे। कोस्टा रिका विरुद्धको यो खेलमा उनले २ गोल असिस्ट गरे। क्वाटरफाइनलमा उरुग्वे विरुद्धको खेलमा १-१ को बराबरी भएपछि भएको पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा अर्जेन्टिना ४-५ ले पराजित हुँदै बाहिरियो। उरुग्वे यो प्रतियोगिताको च्याम्पियन बन्यो।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}} === २०११-१३: कम्तानी === [[चित्र:Suisse vs Argentine - Granit Xhaka & Lionel Messi crop.jpg|thumb|upright|मेसी आफ्नो पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय [[ह्याट्रिक]] स्विट्जरल्यान्ड विरुद्ध २०१२ फेब्रुअरी मा गरेका थिए।]] कोपा अमेरिकामा अर्जेन्टिनाको असफल प्रदर्शन रहेपछि, बटिस्टाको स्थानमा अलेजान्द्रो साबेला आए। २०११ अगस्टमा उनको नियुक्ति भएपछि उनले त्यतिबेलाका कप्तान जाभियर मास्चेरानोको सम्मतिमा २४- वर्षीय मेसीलाई कप्तानी दिए। पहिले रिजर्भमा अहेका मेसीले आफ्नो स्क्वाडको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडीको उदाहरण दिएर नेतृत्व गरे भने मास्चेरानोले टोलीको अन फिल्ड लिडर र अभिप्रेरकको भूमिका पूरा गरे। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Hughes |title=If Messi Is Argentina's Star, Then Mascherano Is the Glue |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 July 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/sports/soccer/if-messi-is-argentinas-star-then-mascherano-is-the-glue.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> टोलीमा थप परिवर्तन गर्दै साबेलाले टेभेजलाई हटाए र युवा खेलाडीहरू ल्याए जोसँग मेसीले वर्ल्ड युथ च्यापियनसिप र ओलम्पिक स्वर्ण पदक जितेका थिए। अहिले सुधारिएको टोलीमा, अक्टोबर ७ मा चिली विरुद्धको विश्व छनोटको पहिलो खेलमा गोल गर्दै मेसीले गोलको खडेरी तोडे। यो साढे दुई वर्ष पछि आधिकारिक खेलमा अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि उनको पहिलो गोल थियो।<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} सबेलाको मातहतमा, मेसीको गोल गर्ने दर आमूल परिवर्तन भयो।यस अघिका प्रशिक्षकहरूको मा, ६१ खेलमा १७ गोल मात्र गरेका थिए भने, त्यसपछिको तीन वर्षमा ३२ खेलमा उनको गोलदर २५ गुणाले बढ्यो।<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} २०१२ मा उनले ९ खेलमा १२ गोल गरे, र ग्राबियल बाटिस्टुटाले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि एउटै वर्षमा सर्वाधिक गोल गर्ने कीर्तिमानसँग बराबरी गरे।<ref>{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Adamson |title=Lionel Messi's Incredible Record-Breaking Year in Numbers |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 December 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/dec/10/lionel-messi-record-year-numbers |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि उनको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक २०१२ फेब्रुअरी २९ मा स्विट्जरल्यान्ड विरुद्धको मैत्रीपुर्ण खेलमा भयो, त्यसपछि अर्को वर्ष ब्राजिल र ग्वाटेमाला विरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा उनले ह्याट्रिक गरे। मेसी २०१३ सेप्टेम्बर १० मा पाराग्वे विरुद्धको खेलमा ५-२ को जित कायम गर्दै २०१४ फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाको स्थान सुनिश्चित गराए। त्यो खेलमा उनले पेनाल्टीमा दुई गोल गर्नुका साथै अर्को एक गोलमा असिस्ट गरे। त्यो गोल सँगै उनी ३७ गोल सँगै अर्जेन्टिना को सर्वाधिक गोलकर्तामा बाटिस्टुटा पछिको दोस्रो स्थानमा पुगे। समग्रमा, छनोट चरणको १४ खेलमा उनले कुल १० गोल गरे।<ref name="Century"/><ref>{{cite magazine |title=FIFA World Cup Qualifying: Paraguay 2 Argentina 5 |magazine=FourFourTwo |date=11 September 2013 |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/fifa-world-cup-qualifying-paraguay-2-argentina-5 |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> उनको सुधारिएको प्रदर्शनसँगै, सहकर्मीसँगको उनको सम्बन्ध सुधार भयो र बिस्तारै अर्जेन्टिनामा उनको पक्षमा लहर आएको महसुस हुन थाल्यो। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} ===२०१४-१५: विश्वकप र कोपा अमेरिका फाइनल === [[चित्र:Iran vs. Argentina match, 2014 FIFA World Cup 37.jpg|thumb|left|[[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]] मा इरान विरुद्ध २५-यार्डबाट घुमाउरो प्रहारमा विजयी गोल गरेपछि मेसी]] ब्राजिल विश्वकप भन्दा अगाडि, घाइते भएर बार्सिलोनाबाट असफल सिजन भएकाले मेसीको प्रदर्शनलाई लिएर विभिन्न शंका उपशंका उब्जेका थिए। यद्यपि प्रतियोगिताको सुरुवातमा उनले राम्रो प्रदर्शन रह्यो र सुरुका चार खेलमा [[प्लेयर अफ द म्याच|म्यान अफ द म्याच]] चयन भए।<ref name="TechnicalReport">{{cite web |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil Technical Report and Statistics |publisher=FIFA |pages=170–171 |url=http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707023419/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614131111/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |date=14 June 2015 }}</ref> कप्तानको रुपमा उनको यो पहिलो विश्वकप थियो। बोस्निया र हर्जगोभिना विरुद्धको खेलमा २-१ को विजय भयो। उनले गरेको प्रहार सिड कोलासिनाकलाई लागेर आत्मघाती गोल भयो। अर्जेन्टिनाको अर्को गोल मेसीले तीन जना विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई छलाएर ड्रिबल गर्दै गोल गरे। यो आठ वर्षपछि उनले विश्वकपमा गरेको पहिलो गोल थियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Mandeep |last=Sanghera |title=Argentina 2–1 Bos-Herce |work=BBC Sport |date=15 June 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285099 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> [[इरान राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इरान]] विरुद्धको दोस्रो खेलमा, उनले [[इन्जुरी समय]]मा {{convert|23|m|yd|disp=out|abbr=off}} परबाट गोल गरे। र नक आउट चरणमा आफ्नो स्थान सुरक्षित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Smyth |title=Argentina v Iran, World Cup 2014: Live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10916423/Argentina-vs-Iran-World-Cup-2014-live.html |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> उनले समूह चरणको अन्तिम खेलमा [[नाइजेरिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नाइजेरिया]] विरुद्धको ३-२ को जितमा दुई गोल गरे। उनको दोस्रो गोल फ्रिकिक बाट भएको थियो। यो जित सँगै अर्जेन्टिना समूह बिजेता भयो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Saj |last=Chowdhury |title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=25 June 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ मा स्विट्जरल्यान्ड बिरुद्धको १-० को जित भएको खेलमा अन्तिम समयमा एन्जल डि मारियाले गोल गरे। सो गोलमा मेसीले पास दिएका थिए। क्वाटरफाइनलमा अर्जेन्टिनाले [[बेल्जियम राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|बेल्जियम]]लाई पनि १-० ले पराजित गर्दै [[१९९० फिफा विश्वकप|१९९०]] पछि पहिलो पटक विश्वकपको सेमिफाइनलमा पुग्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Jurejko |title=Argentina 1–0 Switzerland |work=BBC Sport |date=1 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27990606 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Ferris |title=Argentina Beat Belgium to Reach First Semi since 1990 |work=Reuters |date=5 July 2014 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-world-m60-arg-bel-idINKBN0FA0PA20140705 |access-date=14 August 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322143741/https://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-world-m60-arg-bel-idINKBN0FA0PA20140705 |date=22 March 2019 }}</ref> सेमिफाइनलमा एक्ट्रा समयमा पनि ०-० नतिजा पछि भएको पेनाल्टी सुट आउटमा [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्यान्डस]] लाई ४-२ ले हराउँदै अर्जेन्टिना फाइनलमा पुग्यो। मेसीले आफ्नो टोलीको पहिलो पेनाल्टी प्रहारमा स्कोर गरे।<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Netherlands 0–0 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=9 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28122293 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> [[चित्र:Messi in Germany and Argentina face off in the final of the World Cup 2014 -2014-07-13 (24).jpg|thumb|upright|right|२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनलमा जर्मनीका मेट्स ह्युमेल्ससँग सङ्घर्ष गर्दै मेसी ]] [[चित्र:Lionel_Messi_in_tears_after_the_final.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|Lionel Messi in tears after the final]] २०१४ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनललाई मेसी विरुद्ध [[जर्मनी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|जर्मनी]], विश्वको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी विरुद्ध सर्वोत्कृष्ट टोली भनेर प्रस्तुत गरिएको थियो। यसमा [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]] सहभागी [[१९९० फिफा विश्वकप|१९९० विश्वकप]]को फाइनलको नतिजा दोहोरियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Futterman |title=The World Cup Final: The Best Team vs. the Best Player |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=11 July 2014 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-world-cup-final-the-best-team-vs-the-best-player-1405115575 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> पहिलो हाफ सम्म, मेसीले गोल पनि गरे तर अफसाइड भएर रुल आउट गरियो। उनले गोल गर्ने कयौँ अवसरहरू उपयोग गर्न सकेनन्। सब्स्टिच्युट मारियो गोट्जेले ११३ मिनेट मा गोल गरे। खेलको अन्तिम मिनेटमा मेसीले फ्रिकिक प्रहार गरेका थिए, तर पोस्ट माथि लाग्यो र जर्मनीले खेल १-० ले जिती विश्वकप जित्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Murray |title=World Cup Final 2014: Germany v Argentina – as It Happened |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 July 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/13/world-cup-final-2014-germany-v-argentina-live-report |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> फाइनलको समापनमा, प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भइ मेसीले गोल्डेन बल पाए। चार गोल सहित तेस्रो उच्च गोलकर्ता बाहेक उनले सर्वाधिक गोलको मौका सिर्जना गरे, सर्वाधिक धेरै ड्रिबल रन पूरा गरे, पेनाल्टी एरियामा सर्वाधिक धेरै डेलिभरी गरे।<ref name="TechnicalReport"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Adam |last=Bate |title=World Cup Final: Was Lionel Messi Really a Disappointment in Brazil or Have We Just Become Numb to His Genius? |publisher=Sky Sports |date=16 July 2014 |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/15241/9381511/world-cup-final-was-lionel-messi-really-a-disappointment-in-brazil-or-have-we-just-become-numb-to-his-genius |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> यद्यपि, नक आउट चरणमा गोल गर्न नसकेकाले उनको चयनलाई लिएर केही आलोचना पनि भयो। फिफा अध्यक्ष [[सेप ब्लाटर]]ले आश्चर्य व्यक्त गरे भने म्याराडोनाले बजारीकरणको उद्देश्यले मेसीको चयन गरिएको शंका गरे।<ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup 2014: Lionel Messi Golden Ball Surprised Sepp Blatter |work=BBC Sport |date=14 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28294339 |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> मेसीको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय करिअरमा तेस्रो फाइनल चिलीमा भएको [[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका]] पुगे। विश्वकप फुटबलको दोस्रो स्थानको टोली भएकाले [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]]को पूर्व व्यवस्थापक गेरार्डो मार्टिनोको प्रशिक्षणमा रहेको अर्जेन्टिनालाई प्रतियोगिताको दाबेदार मानिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Gerardo 'Tata' Martino Appointed Argentina Coach |publisher=CNN |date=13 August 2014 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/13/sport/football/gerardo-tata-martino-argentina-football/ |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Rex |last1=Gowar |first2=Santiago |last2=Torres |first3=Justin |last3=Palmer |title=Messi Bemoans Scoring Difficulties at Copa América |work=Reuters |date=29 June 2015 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-copa-argentina-idUSKCN0P91I820150629 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702070537/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/29/us-soccer-copa-argentina-idUSKCN0P91I820150629 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[पाराग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पाराग्वे]] विरुद्ध उद्घाटन खेलमा, उनीहरू २ गोलले अघि थिए तर खेलको अन्त्य सम्म उनीहरूले अग्रता गुमाए र २-२ को बराबरी भयो। मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा एक गोल गरे र त्यो नै प्रतियोगितामा उनको एक मात्र गोल रह्यो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina 2–2 Paraguay |work=BBC Sport |date=13 June 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33081605 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> साविक विजेता [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]] १-० को जित पछि, समूह चरणको जामैका विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा उनले देशको १००औँ क्याप खेले, यो कोशेढुङ्गा हासिल गर्ने उनी पाँचौ अर्जेन्टिनी खेलाडी थिए। [[जमैका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|जामैका]] बिरुद्ध १-० को जित हासिल भयो।<ref name="100thCap">{{cite web |first1=Gideon |last1=Long |first2=Tony |last2=Jimenez |title=Messi Wins 100th Argentina Cap |work=Reuters |date=21 June 2015 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-copa-messi-idINKBN0P106720150621 |access-date=14 August 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810204854/http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-copa-messi-idINKBN0P106720150621 |date=10 August 2016 }}</ref> १०० खेलमा उनले कुल ४६ गोल गरे, ती मध्ये २२ आधिकारिक प्रतिस्पर्धाको खेलमा भएको थियो।<ref name="Century"/><ref name="100thCap"/> === २०१६-१७: तेस्रो कोपा अमेरिका फाइनल, सन्यास, र फिर्ती === २०१६ मे २७ मा प्रि कोपा अमेरिका वार्म अप म्याचमा [[होन्डुरस राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|होन्डुरस]] विरुद्धको १-० को जित भएको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा मेसी घाइते भएपछि अर्जेन्टिनी टोलीमा मेसीको सहभागितालाई लिएर अन्योलपूर्ण स्थिति रहेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/report?gameId=448440|title=Lionel Messi leaves Argentina's friendly win vs. Honduras with back injury|date=27 May 2016|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> उनको कम्मर माथिको भागमा गहिरो चोट लागेको खबर आएको थियो। उनको फिटनेसलाई लिएर जुन ६ मा भएको अर्जेन्टिनाको सुरुवाती खेलमा उनी बेन्चमा रहे। साविक बिजेता चिली विरुद्धको खेलमा अर्जेन्टिना २-१ ले विजयी भयो। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/07/argentina-top-chile-in-rematch-of-last-years-copa-america-final|title=Argentina top Chile in rematch of last year's Copa América final|date=7 June 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> मेसी समूह चरणको दोस्रो खेलमा जुन १० मा [[पानामा राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पानामा]] विरुद्ध फिट रहेको घोषणा भए पनि, मार्तिनोले उनलाई एकपटक फेरी बेन्चमा राखे; उनी अगस्टो फर्नान्डेज को स्थानमा ६१औँ मिनेटमा मैदान प्रवेश गरे र १९ मिनेटमा ह्याट्रिक गरे। [[सर्जियो अग्वेरो]]को गोलबाट अग्रता लिएको अर्जेन्टिनाले उक्त खेल ५-० ले जित्यो , यससंगै अर्जेन्टिनाले प्रतियोगिताको क्वाटरफाइनलमा स्थान पक्का गर्यो।;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/10/lionel-messi-hat-trick-argentina-panama-copa-america|title=Lionel Messi scores brilliant hat-trick as Argentina surge into quarter-finals|date=11 June 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> उनको प्रदर्शनको लागि उनी खेलको [[प्लेयर अफ द म्याच|म्यान अफ द म्याच]] भए।<ref name="MOTM-ARG-PAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16|title=Match 16 : Argentina vs Panama|date=10 June 2016|publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609183110/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16|archive-date=9 June 2016|access-date=10 June 2016|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609183110/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16 |date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="Did it annoy me that Messi took the record? A little, yes. You go around the world and people say, 'he's the top scorer for the Argentina national team.' But the advantage I have is that I'm second to an extraterrestrial."|source=– [[ग्याब्रियल बाटिस्टुटा]] on the consolation of Messi breaking his record.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina/story/3268110/gabriel-batistuta-lionel-messi-taking-my-argentina-record-annoyed-me |title=Gabriel Batistuta – Lionel Messi taking my Argentina record annoyed me |agency=ESPN |first=Adriana |last=Garcia |date=13 November 2017 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>}}जुन १८ मा, कोपा अमेरिकाको क्वाटरफाइनलमा , मेसीले [[भेनेजुएला राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|भेनेजुएला]]विरुद्ध अर्को प्रेरणादायी प्रदर्शन गरे,<ref name="MOTM-ARG-VEN">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/27|title=Match 27 : Argentina vs Venezuela|date=18 June 2016|publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]]|access-date=18 June 2016|df={{cbignore}}}}</ref> उनले दूई असिस्ट प्रदान गरे र अर्को एक गोल गरी ४-१ को विजय सुनिश्चित गरे, यसबाट उनले [[ग्याब्रियल बाटिस्टुटा]]को आधिकारिक अन्तराष्ट्रिय खेलमा ५४ गोलको राष्ट्रिय किर्तिमान बराबरी गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36569759|title=Copa America: Lionel Messi equals Gabriel Batistuta's Argentina record|date=19 June 2016|work=BBC Sport|access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref> यो किर्तिमान तीन दिन पछि भंङ्ग भयो जब मेसीले आयोजक संयुक्त राष्ट्र विरुद्धको ४-० को जितमा फ्रिकिक गोल गरे; त्यस खेलमा उनले दुई असिस्ट पनि गरे, र अर्जेन्टिनाले लगातार दोस्रो वर्ष प्रतियोगिताको फाइनलमा स्थान पक्का गर्यो ,<ref name="record">{{cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com/argentina/story/2897489/lionel-messi-equals-argentinas-gabriel-batistuta-all-time-goal-scoring-record|title=Lionel Messi equals Argentina's all-time goal-scoring record|date=22 June 2016|work=ESPN FC|access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref> र एक पटक फेरी म्यान अफ द म्याच घोषित भए।<ref name="MOTM-USA-ARG">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29|title=Match 29 : United States vs Argentina|date=21 June 2016|publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618001954/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29|archive-date=18 June 2016|access-date=21 June 2016|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618001954/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29 |date=18 June 2016 }}</ref> फाइनलमा अर्जेन्टिनाको भेट चिली संग भयो र फाइनलको नतिजा गत वर्ष कै पुनरावृति भयो। निर्धारित समय ०-२ मा सकिएपछि भएको पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा अर्जेन्टिना चिली संग पराजित भयो।यो मेसीको लगातार मुख्य प्रतियोगिताको तेस्रो पराजय थियो र समग्रमा चौथो। उनले पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा पेनाल्टी मिस गरेका थिएA खेलपछि, मेसीले अन्तराष्ट्रिय फुटबलबाट सन्यासको घोषणा गरे।<ref name="Messi retirement">{{cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2902891/lionel-messi-flags-potential-argentina-retirement-after-penalty-loss-to-chile|title=Lionel Messi retires from Argentina after Copa America final loss to Chile|date=27 June 2016|work=ESPN FC}}</ref> उनले बताए, "मैले मेरो सक्दो गरे। मेरो लागि टोली सकियो, मैले निर्णय गरे।"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/|title=Devastated Messi announces likely retirement from Argentina|date=27 June 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref> चिलीका प्रशिक्षक जुआन एन्टोनियो पिज्जीले खेलपछि भने, " म्याराडोनाले अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबलको लागि जे गरेका थिए त्यो हिसाबले मेरो पुस्ताले उनलाई मेरो पुस्ताको म्याराडोनासँग तुलना गर्न सक्दैन। तर मा यो सोच्छु कि आजको सबै भन्दा उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी आज अमेरिकामा खेले।"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/27/lionel-messi-says-he-is-quitting-argentina-team-after-copa-america-final-defeat|title=Lionel Messi says his Argentina career is over after Copa América final defeat|date=26 June 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref> मेसी पाँच गोल सहित [[एदुआर्दो भार्गास]]पछि प्रतियोगिताको दोस्रो उच्च गोलकर्ता भए, र चार असिस्ट सहित सबैभन्दा धेरै असिस्ट दिएका थिए, र प्रतियोगितामा सबैभन्दा धेरै (तीन वटा) म्यान अफ द म्याच जितेका थिए ;<ref name="conmebol-stats">{{Cite web|url=http://estadisticas.conmebol.com/html/v3/index.html?channel=deportes.futbol.copaamerica.statsCenterPerPlayer&lang=es_LA|title=HTML Center|website=estadisticas.conmebol.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> उनलाई उनको प्रदर्शनको लागि टोली अफ द टुर्नामेन्टमा समावेश गरिएको थियो, उनले गोल्डेन बल अवार्डमा सहभागी भएनन् र [[एलेक्सिस सान्चेस]]लाई प्रदान गरियो।<ref name="Copa América 2016: Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/awards|title=Copa América 2016: Awards|date=27 June 2016|publisher=Copa America Organisation|access-date=27 June 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627172846/http://www.ca2016.com/awards |date=27 June 2016 }}</ref> ==== "नजाऊ लियो " ==== उनको घोषणापछि, सन्यास सम्बन्धी उनको मन परिवर्तन गर्न एक अभियान सुरु भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12026/10327302/argentina-hope-lionel-messi-reconsiders-retirement-says-guillem-balague|title=Argentina don't want Messi to retire|date=28 June 2016|agency=Sky Sports}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबल टोली राजधानी ब्युनोस आयर्समा अवतरण गरेपछि उनलाई फ्यानहरूले "लियो नजाऊ" जस्ता नाराले सम्बोधन गरे। अर्जेन्टिनाका राष्ट्रपति मौरिसियो माक्रीले नछोड्नको लागि अनुरोध गरे, उनले भने ,"हामी भाग्यमानी छौ, यो हाम्रो जीवनको एक खुसीको पल हो, हाम्रो जस्तो फुटबलिङ सस्कृति भएको देशमा विश्वकै उत्कृस्ट खेलाडी हुनु यो एक उपहार हो... लियोनेल मेसी अर्जेन्टिनामा भएको सबैभन्दा महान मध्ये एक हुन् र हामीले उनको ख्याल गर्नुपर्छ।"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.as.com/en/2016/06/28/football/1467141271_384638.html|title=Messi 'God's gift' to Argentina – president|date=28 June 2016|newspaper=AS}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923184002/https://en.as.com/en/2016/06/28/football/1467141271_384638.html |date=23 September 2020 }}</ref> [[बुएनोस आइरेस]]का मेयर होरासियो रोड्रीग्वेज लारेताले मेसीलाई सन्यासबारे पुनर्विचार गर्न मनाउन राजधानीमा मेसीको सालिक अनावरण गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/20160628/402829485468/inauguran-en-buenos-aires-estatua-en-homenaje-a-messi.html|title=Inauguran en Buenos Aires una estatua en homenaje a Messi|date=28 June 2016|newspaper=El Mundo Deportivo (Spanish)}}</ref> यो अभियान टोल टोल गल्ली गल्लीमा पुग्यो र जुलाई २ मा अर्जेन्टिनी राजधानीको सडकमा ५०,००० समर्थकहरू सोही नारा लिएर सडकमा आए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport-english.com/en/news/world-football/macri-maradona-and-the-argentine-people-rally-together-prompt-messi-u-turn-5234915|title=Macri, Maradona and the Argentine people rally together to prompt Messi U-turn|date=28 June 2016|work=Sport}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150321/http://www.sport-english.com/en/news/world-football/macri-maradona-and-the-argentine-people-rally-together-prompt-messi-u-turn-5234915 |date=31 October 2016 }}</ref> ==== फिर्ती ==== {{Quote box|quote="फाइनलको रात मेरो दिमागमा धेरै कुराहरू खेले र मैले छोड्ने बारेमा गम्भीरतापूर्वक सोचें, तर मेरो देश र यो जर्सीप्रतिको मेरो माया धेरै छ।"|source=– २०१६ अगस्ट १२ मा मेसी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलबाट आफ्नो सन्यासको निर्णय उल्टाउदै <ref>{{cite news |date=12 August 2016 |title=Lionel Messi: Argentina striker reverses decision to retire from national team |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37066033}}</ref>|align=left|width=30%}} मेसीले आफ्नो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्यास घोषणा गरेको एक हप्ता पछि, सेप्टेम्बरमा अर्जेन्टिनी पत्रिका ''ला नाकिओन'' मा उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि २०१८ फिफा विश्व कप छनोट खेल्ने बारे पुनर्विचार गरिरहेको खबर आयो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/report-friend-of-messi-hints-reconsidering-retirement-from-argentina/|title=La Nacion claims to know that Lionel Messi will return to Argentina national team|last=Gonzalez|first=Roger|date=3 July 2016|work=[[CBSSports.com]]|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> १२ अगस्टमा, यो कुरा पुष्टि भयो कि उनले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलबारे आफ्नो सन्यासको निर्णय फिर्ता लिए, र राष्ट्रिय टोलीको आउँदो २०१८ विश्व कप छनोटको टोलीमा उनलाई पनि समावेश गरियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/argentina/story/2928133/lionel-messi-to-make-argentina-return-after-brief-international-retirement|title=Lionel Messi to make Argentina return after brief international retirement|date=12 August 2016|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=13 August 2016}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर १ मा, उनी फिर्ता आएको पहिलो खेलमा, उनले २०१८ विश्व कप छनोटको उरुग्वे सँगको १-० को जितमा भएको खेलमा उनले गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beinsports.com/en/world-cup-qualifiers/news/messi-strikes-back-as-argentina-sink-uruguay/328680|title=Messi strikes back as Argentina sink Uruguay|date=1 September 2016|publisher=beIN SPORTS|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref> [[चित्र:ECUADOR_VS_ARGENTINA_(37594548472).jpg|right|thumb|२०१७ अक्टोबर १० मा भएको [[इक्वेडर राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इक्वेडर]] विरुद्धको खेलमा ह्याट्रिक गरेपछि खुसी मनाउदै मेसी। उनको गोलले अर्जेन्टिना रसियामा आयोजना हुने [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा छनोट भयो।]] २०१७ मार्च २८ मा, मेसीलाई २०१७ मार्च २३ मा चिलीसँगको खेलमा सहायक रेफ्रीलाई अपमान गरेकोमा चार अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलमा निलम्बन गरियो। उनलाई १०,००० CHF पनि जरिवाना लगाइयो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=3/news=lionel-messi-suspended-for-four-matches-2877817.html|title=Lionel Messi suspended for four matches|date=28 March 2017|publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39423000|title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona and Argentina forward banned for 'insulting' assistant ref|date=28 March 2017|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> मे ५ मा, अर्जेन्टिना फुटबल सङ्घको अपिलमा उनको चार खेलको निलम्बन र १०,००० CHF को जरिवाना फिफा द्वारा फुकुवा भयो, यसको मतलब अब उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको बाँकी विश्वकप छनोट खेल खेल्न सक्थे।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/governance/news/y=2017/m=5/news=fifa-appeal-committee-passes-decision-on-lionel-messi-2882666.html|title=FIFA Appeal Committee passes decision on Lionel Messi|last=FIFA.com|date=5 May 2017|access-date=6 June 2017|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> [[२०१८ विश्वकप]]मा अर्जेन्टिनाको स्थान जोखिममा पर्दै थियो। [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]]बाट पाँच राष्ट्र छनोट हुनेमा अर्जेन्टिना छैटौँ स्थानमा थियो, यसको अर्थ १९७० यता अर्जेन्टिना पहिलो पटक विश्वकपमा छनोट हुन असफल हुन्थ्यो। अक्टोबर १० मा, मेसीले आफ्नो देशलाई विश्वकपमा छनोट गराए। [[इक्वेडर राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इक्वेडर]] विरुद्धको खेलमा उनले ह्याट्रिक गर्दै ३-१ को जित सुनिश्चित गराए। २००१ यता अर्जेन्टिना इक्वेडरको राजधानी क्विटोमा पराजित भएको थिएन।<ref name="Guardian 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/11/lionel-messi-hat-trick-secures-argentinas-passage-to-world-cup|title=Lionel Messi hat-trick secures Argentina's passage to World Cup|date=11 October 2017|work=The Guardian}}</ref> मेसीको तीन गोलले उनी [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ|दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल]] छनोटमा २१ गोलका साथ [[उरुग्वे]]का [[लुइस स्वारेज]] सँगै सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता भए। यस अधि यो उपलब्धि [[हेर्नान क्रेस्पो]]को नाममा थियो। <ref name="Guardian 2017" /> === २०१८: विश्वकप === === २०१९-२०: कोपा अमेरिका तेस्रो स्थान, प्रतिबन्ध र सुपरक्लासिको विजय === ===२०२१-२०२२: कोपा अमेरिका र विश्वकप विजय=== {{quote box | width = 25% | align = right | quote="यो मेरो लागि स्पष्ट थियो कि मैले अन्तिम प्रतियोगितासम्म प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ र मैले केही नजिती राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट म पछि हट्न सक्दिन।" | source = – Messi on winning the 2021 Copa América in an interview with ''Diario Sport''.<ref>{{cite AV media |date=1 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OibxiyBMAf8 |title=🤩 ¡ENTREVISTA EXCLUSIVA A LEO MESSI EN PARÍS! |publisher=SPORT |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218145302/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OibxiyBMAf8 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} २०२१ जुन १४ मा, ब्राजिलमा भएको [[२०२१ कोपा अमेरिका|कोपा अमेरिका कप]]को अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो खेलमा मेसीले चिली विरुद्ध फ्रिकिक मा १ गोल गरे। उक्त खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा सकियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/copa-america/argentina-vs-chile/cronica/2021/06/15/60c7e18e22601d45348b45ac.html |title=Messi's Argentina thwarted by Chile |work=MARCA |date=14 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> २१ जुनमा, मेसीले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि १४७औँ खेल खेलेर ज्याभियर मास्चेरानोको अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि सर्वाधिक उपस्थितिको रेकर्ड बराबर गरे। पाराग्वे विरुद्धको उक्त खेलमा अर्जेन्टिना १-० ले विजयी भयो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lionel Messi sigue haciendo historia: igualó a Mascherano como el jugador con más presencias en la Selección |language=ES |url=https://www.afa.com.ar/es/posts/lionel-messi-sigue-haciendo-historia-igualo-a-mascherano-como-el-jugador-con-mas-presencias-en-la-seleccion |website=afa.com.ar |date=21 June 2021|access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> एक हप्ता पछि, उनले [[बोलिभिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|बोलिभिया]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा उनले अर्जेन्टिनी जर्सीमा सर्वाधिक खेलको रेकर्ड कायम गरे। उक्त खेलमा ४-१ ले जित्यो। उनले २ गोल गरे र एक गोल असिस्ट गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina-arg/story/4422176/messi-sets-argentina-appearances-mark-in-copa-america-match-vs-bolivia |title=Messi sets Argentina appearances mark in Copa America match vs. Bolivia |work=ESPN |first=Sam |last=Marsden |date=28 June 2021|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref> ३ जुलाई मा, प्रतियोगिताको क्वाटरफाइनलमा इक्वेडर माथिको ३-० को जितमा उनले ३ असिस्ट गरे र एक फ्रिकिक गोल गरे।.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/argentina-vs-ecuador-score-sensational-messi-leads-albiceleste-into-copa-america-semifinals/live/ |title=Argentina vs. Ecuador score: Sensational Messi leads Albiceleste into Copa America semifinals |work=CBSSports.com |date=3 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref> ६ जुलाईमा, सेमिफाइनलमा कोलम्बिया बिरुद्ध १-१ को बराबरीमा मेसीले एक असिस्ट गरे। पेनाल्टी सुट आउटमा उनले गोल गरे र अर्जेन्टिना ३-२ ले विजयी भयो। उनी आफ्नो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय करियरको पाँचौ फाइनलमा पुगे।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=603184 |title=Argentina vs. Colombia – Football Match Report – July 6, 2021 – ESPN |work=ESPN.com |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/esp_fed/news/2186119 |title=Messi driving Argentina at Copa America |publisher=theScore.com |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> जुलाई १० मा, अर्जेन्टिनाले आयोजक ब्राजिललाई फाइनलमा १-० ले पराजित गरेर मेसीले आफ्नो पहिलो र अर्जेन्टिनाले १९९३ यता पहिलो प्रमुख अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधी जित्यो। यसको साथै उनको देशले १५औँ उपाधिको उरुग्वेसँग कीर्तिमान बराबर गर्यो।<ref name="Copa América final">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2021/jul/10/argentina-v-brazil-copa-america-final-live |title=Argentina 1-0 Brazil: Copa América final – live! |work=The Guardian |last=Graham |first=Bryan Armen |date=11 July 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाले गरेको १२ गोलमा ९ गोल (४ गोल र ५ असिस्ट) मा उनको सहभागिता थियो। उनी प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भए। उनले यो सम्मान नेयमार सँगै साझा गरे। उनी कोलम्बियाका लुइस डियाज सँगै ४ गोल सहित सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता बने। उनको असिस्ट धेरै भएकाले मेसीलाई गोल्डेन बुट अवार्ड दिइयो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leo Messi named player of tournament in Copa América |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2187432/leo-messi-named-player-of-tournament-in-copa-america |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=FC Barcelona}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi wins 2021 Copa America Golden Boot |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-leading-the-race-for-copa-americas-golden-boot/1unofbxrqy1bm10fsnoy5cyvi6 |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=Goal}}</ref> [[चित्र:Lionel Messi WC2022.jpg|thumb|left|Messi at the 2022 FIFA World Cup]] २०२२ विश्वकप छनोट अन्तर्गत, सेप्टेम्बर ९ मा, मेसीले बोलिभिया बिरुद्धको ३-० को विजयमा उनले ह्याट्रिक गरे सर्वाधिक गोल गर्ने दक्षिण अमेरिकी खेलाडीमा ७९ गोल गरेका पेलेलाई उछिने।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi breaks Brazil legend Pele's South American men's goals record |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina-arg/story/4427665/argentinas-lionel-messi-breaks-brazil-legend-peles-south-american-mens-goals-record |work=ESPN |date=10 September 2021|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> २ जुन २०२२ मा इंल्यान्डको वेम्बेलीमा भएको २०२२ फिनालेसिम्मा, युएफा युरो कप- कोपा अमेरिका कप च्याम्पियनको तेस्रो संस्करण, मा इटाली बिरुद्धको ३-० को विजयमा मेसीले २ असिस्ट गरे र म्यान अफ द म्याच भए, र उनले सिनियर टोलीमा अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि दोस्रो उपाधी जिते।<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |date=1 June 2022 |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi named official Finalissima Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/finalissima/news/0276-1549531afce1-16d40688390d-1000--player-of-the-match-messi/ |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=UEFA.com}}</ref> ६ जुन मा भएको इस्टोनिया बिरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलको ५-० को जितमा मेसीले २ गोल गरे र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको पुरुष तर्फको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्तामा फेरेन्क पुस्कासलाई उछिने।<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2022 |title=Lionel Messi scores all five Argentina goals in friendly to overhaul Puskás |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jun/06/lionel-messi-scores-all-five-argentina-goals-in-friendly-to-overhaul-puskas |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> कतारमा भएको [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा, अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो खेलमा साउदी विरुद्ध उनले पेनाल्टीमा गोल गरे। त्तो ख्लेमा [[साउदी अरब राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|साउदी अरब]] २-१ ले विजयी भयो। [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]] बिरुद्धको २-० ले विजयी भएको अर्को खेलमा उनले २० यार्ड परबाट होचो प्रहार गरेर गोल गरे र इन्जो फर्नान्डेजलाई गोलको लागि असिस्ट गरे।<ref>{{cite news |title=How Argentina and Messi stayed alive with a 2-0 win over Mexico |url=https://theathletic.com/live-blogs/mexico-argentina-world-cup-match-live/5wa7Cfxxwt1s/ |date=26 November 2022 |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=The Atheltic}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ को अष्ट्रेलिया विरुद्धको २-१ को जितमा मेसीले सुरुवाती गोल गरे। यो उनको सिनियर करिअरमा १०००औँ उपस्थिति थियो ,<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi scored in 1,000th game as Argentina progress |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63765129 |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> र उनी सबैभन्दा धेरै खेल खेल्ने दक्षिण अमेरिकी पुरुष खेलाडी भए, जुन रेकर्ड यसभन्दा अघि इक्वेडरका इभान हर्टाडो (Iván Hurtado) को नाममा थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/argentina/world-cup-2022/news/messi-breaks-two-maradona-records-in-argentinas-win-over-australia_501212.html |title=Lionel Messi breaks two Diego Maradona records in Argentina's win over Australia |website=SportsMole.co.UK |publisher=Sports Mole |access-date=4 December 2022 |date=3 December 2022 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204140157/https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/argentina/world-cup-2022/news/messi-breaks-two-maradona-records-in-argentinas-win-over-australia_501212.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/mil-jogos-e-recordes-messi-chega-a-novas-marcas-contra-a-australia,84099d8f9c138efa894b3f833d7a75092edg4dg7.html |title=Mil jogos e recordes: Messi chega a novas marcas contra a Austrália |trans-title=A thousand games and records: Messi reaches new milestones against Australia |website=Terra.com.br |publisher=Terra |access-date=4 December 2022 |date=3 December 2022 |language=pt-br |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204141315/https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/mil-jogos-e-recordes-messi-chega-a-novas-marcas-contra-a-australia,84099d8f9c138efa894b3f833d7a75092edg4dg7.html |url-status=live}}</ref> नेदरल्यान्डस विरुद्धको क्वाटरफाइनलको खेलमा, मेसीले अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो गोलमा नहुएल मोलिनालाई असिस्ट गरे र पेनाल्टीमा गोल गरे। खेल २-२ को बराबरीमा सकियो। [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुट-आउटमा]] अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो पेनाल्टी प्रहारमा मेसीले गोल गरे। अर्जेन्टिना ४-३ ले विजयी भयो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Phil |date=9 December 2022 |title=Messi's World Cup dream lives on with Argentina win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63830319 |access-date=9 December 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[क्रोएसिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|क्रोयसिया]] विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा, जर्मनीका लोथार म्याथ्युजको नाममा रहेको विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक २५ उपस्थितिसँग बराबरी गरे। अर्जेन्टिना ३-० ले विजयी भएक खेलमा, उनले पेनाल्टीमा पहिलो गोल गरे र तेस्रो गोलमा [[जुलियन अल्भारेज]]लाई असिस्ट गरे;<ref>{{cite news |title=Inspired Lionel Messi takes Argentina past Croatia and into World Cup final |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/dec/13/argentina-croatia-world-cup-semi-final-match-report |last=Hytner |first=David |date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> मेसीले गरेको गोल विश्वकपमा उनको ११औँ गोल थियो र उनले विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक गोलकर्तामा बाटिस्टुटालाई उछिने।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/world-cup-2022-qatar-batistuta-messi-argentina |title=Batistuta on Messi's record: He deserves this |publisher=FIFA.com |access-date=22 December 2022 }}</ref> अर्जेन्टिना फाइनलमा पुग्यो जहाँ उनको भेट फ्रान्स सँग हुँदै थियो। मेसीले यो उनको अन्तिम विश्वकप उपस्थिति उनले बताएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi confirms final will be last World Cup game ever as Argentina overpowers Croatia 3-0 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/13/football/argentina-croatia-lionel-messi-qatar-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html |last=Grez |first=Matias |date=14 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2022 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kay |first=Oliver |date=15 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi winning World Cup would define him but he's already among the greatest of all |website=[[The Athletic]] |url=https://theathletic.com/4001739/2022/12/15/lionel-messi-world-cup-greatness/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> १८ डिसेम्बरमा [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनलमा]], लुसेल रङ्गशालामा मेसीले आफ्नो २६औँ विश्वकप उपस्थितिको कीर्तिमान बनाए। मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो गोल गरे, र एउटै विश्वकप संस्करणमा समूहचरण, अन्तोम १६, क्वाटरफाइनल, सेमिफाइनल र फाइनलमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी बने।<ref name=BCC221218>{{cite news |title=World Cup final: Lionel Messi named best player as Kylian Mbappe wins Golden Boot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64019023 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=BBC Sport |date=18 December 2022}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाको दुई गोलको अग्रता फ्रेन्च फरवार्ड [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे|केलियन एम्बाप्पे]], जसले २ मिनेट भित्र २ गोल गरे, ले मेटाए। अतिरिक्त समयमा मेसीले गोल गरेर फेरि अर्जेन्टिनाको अग्रता बनाए। पुनः एम्बाप्पेले गोल गरि [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्सलैइ]] बराबरीमा ल्याए। अतिरिक्त समयमा खेल ३-३ को बराबरीमा सकियो र खेल पेनाल्टी सुट-आउटमा पुग्यो। सुट-आउटमा अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो प्रहारमा मेसीले गोल गरे, आखिरीमा अर्जेन्टिनाले खेल ४-२ ले जित्यो र राष्ट्रको ३६ वर्ष लामो विश्वकप ट्रफीको प्रतीक्षा सकियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Church |first=Ben |date=18 December 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/18/football/argentina-france-world-cup-final-qatar-2022-spt-intl/index.html |title=Lionel Messi-inspired Argentina wins World Cup after beating France in sensational final |publisher=[[सिएनएन]]|access-date=18 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218185037/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/18/football/argentina-france-world-cup-final-qatar-2022-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=18 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> मेसीले प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी भएर गोल्डेन बल जिते, उनी गोल्डेन बल दुईपटक जित्ने पहिले खेलाडी बने। गोल्डेन बुटको दौडमा उनी सात गोल सहित दोस्रो भए, एम्बाप्पेले ८ गोल सहित गोल्डेन बुट जिते।<ref name=BCC221218/> फाइनलमा उनको उपस्थिती र दुई गोल संगै, मेसीले विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक उपस्थितिमा लओथार म्याथ्युजलाई उछिने (मेसीको २६ उपस्थिति) र गोल योगदानमा पेलेलाई उछिने (२१-१३ गोल र ८ असिस्ट)।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.in/football/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4834907/2022-world-cup-final-stats-messi-mbappe-argentina-france |title=2022 World Cup stats: Messi joins Maradona, overtakes Ronaldo; Mbappe's record 4 |publisher=ESPN |date=19 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 }}</ref> यो फाइनल खेल अहिलेसम्मको उत्कृष्ट खेलको रुपमा प्रसंशित भयो र यो खेललाई मिडियाले भारी रुपमा मेसी र एम्बाप्पेको प्रतिद्वन्दको रुपमा प्रस्तुत गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Shearer |first=Alan |date=19 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi and Kylian Mbappe: Thank you for that beautiful madness |website=[[The Athletic]] |url=https://theathletic.com/4015186/2022/12/19/lionel-messi-kylian-mbappe-world-cup-final-shearer-column/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gay |first=Jason |date=18 December 2022 |title=Messi, Mbappé, and a World Cup Masterpiece |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/messi-mbappe-world-cup-final-argentina-france-11671392972 |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Arthur |first=Bruce |date=18 December 2022 |title=It was Messi. It was Mbappé. Argentina’s World Cup win over France was magnificent |newspaper=[[The Toronto Star]] |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/opinion/2022/12/18/it-was-messi-it-was-mbapp-argentinas-world-cup-win-over-france-was-magnificent.html |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grez |first=Matias |date=19 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi cements his place among the greats after winning epic duel against Kylian Mbappé |website=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/18/football/lionel-messi-kylian-mbappe-greatest-world-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> यो खेलपछि, मेसीले "म च्याम्पियनको रुपमा अझै खेल्न चाहन्छु" बताउँदै राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट संन्यास लिनेबारे कुनै योजना नभएको स्पष्ट बनाए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Luke |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi to continue playing for Argentina after World Cup final victory |website=The Athletic |url=https://theathletic.com/4014345/2022/12/18/messi-argentina-retirement-plans/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> === २०२३–वर्तमान: पछिल्ला वर्षहरू === [[चित्र:Selección_Argentina_Amistoso_marzo_2023_en_Santiago_Del_Estero_Estero_01.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|आफ्नो देशमा मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलको क्रममा अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय टोलीले विश्वकप जितको उत्सव मनाउँदै]] विश्वकप जितको तीन महिना पछि, मेस्सी र राष्ट्रिय टोली अर्जेन्टिनामा दुई मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलको लागि मैदानमा फर्किए।<ref name="Curacao">{{cite web |last=Borg |first=Simon |date=28 March 2023 |title=Argentina vs Curacao score, result, highlights, as Lionel Messi scores hat trick in 7-0 win |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/football/news/argentina-vs-curacao-live-score-result-highlights-friendly/y3pqsbulgh1kl3p2rmute5eq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610041912/https://www.sportingnews.com/in/football/news/argentina-vs-curacao-live-score-result-highlights-friendly/y3pqsbulgh1kl3p2rmute5eq |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=13 November 2024 |publisher=[[The Sporting News]]}}</ref> मेस्सीले पहिलो खेलमा पानामा विरुद्ध क्लब र देशको लागि आफ्नो ८०० औं करियर गोल गरे।<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web |first=Francesco|last=Porzio|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/lionel-messi-scores-800th-career-goal-argentina-celebrates-the-2022-world-cup-in-front-of-home-fans/ |title=Lionel Messi scores 800th career goal: Argentina celebrates the 2022 World Cup in front of home fans |work=CBS Sports |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref> खेल पछि, मेस्सीले भाषण दिए, विश्वकप ट्रफी उठाए र आतिशबाजी सुरु हुँदा रंगशाला वरिपरि विजयी चक्कर लगाए।<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Rey |first1=Débora |last2=Politi |first2=Daniel |url=https://apnews.com/article/messi-argentina-world-cup-panama-b143edb1adcb11bae0b7829f9c66404e |title=Messi mania grips Argentina in 1st match as World Cup champs |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news |url=https://apnews.com/article/argentina-panama-soccer-world-cup-messi-d8b2f3e9cd977f41922f7e53721c1075 |title=Argentina beats Panama in 1st match after World Cup title |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> २८ मार्चमा कुराकाओ विरुद्धको दोस्रो मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा, मेस्सीको टोलीको ७-० को जितमा ह्याट्रिकले उनलाई १०० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल गर्ने पहिलो दक्षिण अमेरिकी खेलाडी र कोसेढुङ्गामा पुग्ने समग्रमा तेस्रो खेलाडी बनायो।<ref name="Curacao" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-makes-history-with-100th-goal-for-argentina |title=Lionel Messi makes history with 100th goal for Argentina |work=FOX Sports |date=28 March 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023}}</ref>अर्जेन्टिनाको २०२६ को विश्वकप छनोट अभियानको क्रममा, मेस्सी ३१ गोलका साथ दक्षिण अमेरिकी विश्वकप छनोटमा सबै समयका शीर्ष गोलकर्ता बने।<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Lionel Messi becomes Conmebol WC qualifiers all-time leading scorer |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/2023/10/18/652f5288268e3e8b258b45ad.html |access-date=July 13, 2024 |website=Marca}}</ref> ==== २०२४ कोपा अमेरिका ==== {{see also|२०२४ कोपा अमेरिका}} जुन २१ मा, मेस्सीले २०२४ कोपा अमेरिकाको उद्घाटन खेलमा ३५ खेल खेले र सबैभन्दा धेरै कोपा अमेरिका खेल खेल्ने खेलाडी बने।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becherano |first1=Lizzy |title=Messi, Di María headline Argentina Copa squad |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/story/_/id/40355987/lionel-messi-di-maria-headline-argentina-squad |website=ESPN |access-date=19 June 2024 |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jun/20/lionel-messi-pulls-strings-as-argentina-tame-canada-in-copa-america-opener |title=Messi breaks another record at CONMEBOL Copa América™ |work=CONMEBOL Copa América™ |date=June 20, 2024 |access-date=September 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://copaamerica.com/en/news/lionel-messi-breaks-record-copa-america |title=Lionel Messi pulls strings as Argentina tame Canada in Copa América opener |work=The Guardian |date=21 June 2024 |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>}} जुलाई ९ मा क्यानडा विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा, मेस्सीले अर्जेन्टिनाको २-० को जितमा दोस्रो गोल गरे, जसले गर्दा उनी १०९ गोलका साथ इतिहासमा दोस्रो [[सर्वाधिक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल भएका पुरुष फुटबलरहरूको सूची|सर्वाधिक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोलकर्ता]] बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/argentina-canada-live-updates-2024-copa-america-lionel-messi-score-result/yRrle4paHuhm/BeNQ1qaCPjJZ/|title=Messi passes Ali Daei|date=10 July 2024|work=The Athletic|access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref> कोलम्बिया विरुद्धको फाइनलमा मेस्सीको लिगामेन्टमा गम्भीर चोट लागेको थियो, तर अर्जेन्टिनाले अझै पनि प्रतियोगिता जित्न सफल भयो। यो जितले मेस्सीको टोली ट्रफीको कुल संख्या ४४ पुर्‍यायो, जसले गर्दा उनी सबै समयका सबैभन्दा धेरै सजिएका खेलाडी बने।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web |last=Thames |first=Alanis |title=Argentina wins record 16th Copa America title, beats Colombia 1-0 after Messi gets hurt |url=https://apnews.com/article/copa-america-argentina-colombia-score-messi-6753475603a48683a3c4971e451e8263 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=14 July 2024 |access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="LigamentInjury">{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi out indefinitely with ankle ligament injury |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40575229/lionel-messi-miss-two-miami-games-ankle-injury |website=ESPN |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="injurytears">{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2024 |title=Argentina win Copa final as Messi exits in tears |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40564886/lionel-messi-argentina-injury-tears-copa-america-final |access-date=July 15, 2024 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref><ref name="FirstMiami" /><ref name="mosttrophies" />}} पछि उनलाई प्रतियोगिताको टोलीमा नाम दिइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=Messi named in Copa Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40696626/lionel-messi-named-copa-america-team-tournament |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> === २०२६ फिफा विश्वकप छनोट === २०२४ कोपा अमेरिकाको समयमा चोटबाट निको भएपछि, मेस्सीले २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपको लागि धेरै छनोट खेलहरू खेले।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olé |first=Diario Deportivo |date=2024-10-02 |title=Selección: la lista para las Eliminatorias, con la vuelta de Messi y la baja del Dibu Martínez |url=https://www.ole.com.ar/seleccion/seleccion-lista-enfrentar-venezuela-bolivia-vuelta-messi-baja-dibu-martinez_0_AiKrXOU4iP.html |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=Olé |language=es-AR}}</ref> १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ मा, उनले बोलिभियामाथि ६-० को जित हासिल गर्दै आफ्नो १० औं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ह्याट्रिक गरे, जसले क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डोले बनाएको कीर्तिमान बराबरी गर्यो।<ref>{{cite web |date=16 October 2024 |title=Messi hits hat-trick as Argentina hammer Bolivia 6-0 |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/messi-hat-trick-leads-argentina-6-0-win-over-bolivia-2024-10-16/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> मार्च २०२५ मा, अर्जेन्टिनाले विश्वकपमा स्थान सुरक्षित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite web |last=Associated Press |date=30 March 2025 |title=Lionel Messi at 2026 World Cup? Leave him alone, says Scaloni |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44421368/lionel-messi-2026-world-cup-argentina-lionel-scaloni |access-date=30 March 2025 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 March 2025 |title=World Cup 2026: Argentina qualify ahead of Brazil showdown |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44405982/world-cup-2026-argentina-qualify-brazil |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर ४ मा, मेस्सीले अर्जेन्टिनामा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको लागि आफ्नो अन्तिम विश्वकप छनोट खेल खेले, र उनी २०२६ को विश्वकपमा भाग लिनेछन् कि छैनन् भनेर पुष्टि गरेनन्।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/messi-scores-twice-argentina-beat-venezuela-3-0-his-final-home-world-cup-2025-09-05/ |title=Messi scores twice as Argentina beats Venezuela 3-0 in his final home World Cup qualifier |website=[[Reuters]] |date=4 September 2025 |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pardo |first=Daniel Villar |url=https://bolavip.com/en/soccer/conmebol-2026-world-cup-qualifiers-top-scorers-who-finished-atop-the-scoring-charts |title=Conmebol 2026 World Cup Qualifiers top scorers: Who finished atop the scoring charts? |website=bolavip.com |date=9 September 2025 |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2025 |title=Top goalscorers in World Cup qualifying history |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/top-goalscorers-qualifying-history |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=[[FIFA]] |archive-date=9 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909232032/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/top-goalscorers-qualifying-history |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Becherano |first=Lizzy |date=8 September 2025 |title=Messi will 'take his time' on '26 World Cup decision - Scaloni |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/46198079/messi-take-26-world-cup-decision-scaloni |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref>}} अक्टोबर १४ मा प्योर्टो रिको विरुद्धको ६-० को मैत्रीपूर्ण जितमा, मेस्सीका दुई असिस्टले उनको कुल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय असिस्ट ६० मा पुर्‍याए, जसले गर्दा उनी [[नेयमार|नेमार]]को ५९ असिस्टलाई उछिन्दै पुरुष अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल इतिहासमा शीर्ष असिस्ट-प्रदायक बने।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-15 |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi becomes all-time international assists leader, surpassing Brazil's Neymar and USMNT's Landon Donovan {{!}} Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/argentina-s-lionel-messi-becomes-all-time-international-assists-leader-surpassing-brazil-s-neymar-and-usmnt-s-landon-donovan/blt73c53ddfe7b9c911 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> ==== २०२६ फिफा विश्वकप ==== {{see also|२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप}} २८ मे २०२६ मा, मेस्सीलाई २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपको लागि २६ सदस्यीय टोलीमा नाम दिइएको थियो।<ref name="SixthWorldCup">{{cite web |last=Becherano |first=Lizzy |date=28 May 2026 |title=Lionel Messi to lead Argentina at record 6th World Cup |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/48904313/lionel-messi-argentina-2026-world-cup-squad |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> केही दिन अघि, उनले आफ्नो बायाँ ह्यामस्ट्रिङमा मांसपेशी समस्याअ अनुभव गरेका थिए, जसले गर्दा प्रतियोगिताको लागि उनको फिटनेसको बारेमा चिन्ता बढेको थियो।<ref name="Philly-Injury" /> उनी होन्डुरस विरुद्धको प्रि-टूर्नामेंट मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा बेन्चमा बसे, तर पक्ची मैदानमा आए र आइसल्याण्ड विरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा पेनाल्टी किक गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Luis Miguel Echegaray |date=May 29, 2026 |title=Lionel Messi's drive to defend Argentina's World Cup title remains strong |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48998220/lionel-messi-feature-argentina-world-cup-nico-paz-back-training |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529140617/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48998220/lionel-messi-feature-argentina-world-cup-nico-paz-back-training |archive-date=May 29, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[ESPN FC]] |publisher=[[ESPN Inc.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Argentina wins as Messi scores in cameo in front of 88K in Alabama |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/401867950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260609002144/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/401867950 |archive-date=June 9, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[ESPN FC]] |publisher=[[ESPN Inc.]]}}</ref> प्रतियोगिताको पहिलो खेलमा, अर्जेन्टिनाले अल्जेरियालाई ३-० ले पराजित गर्दा मेस्सीले आफ्नो पहिलो विश्वकप ह्याट्रिक हासिल गरे। उनी ११ ह्याट्रिक सहित सबैभन्दा धेरै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ह्याट्रिक गर्ने खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Argentina’s Messi equals World Cup goalscoring record with hat-trick in defeat of Algeria |url=https://www.france24.com/en/sport/20260617-argentina-messi-opens-record-sixth-world-cup-with-hat-trick-victory-against-algeria |publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Messi's 38 breaks Ronaldo's record; Mbappe's 58 sets France record, Haaland's 2 first for Norway |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49083873/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lionel-messi-38-breaks-cristiano-ronaldo-record-kylian-mbappe-58-sets-france-erling-haaland-2-first-norway |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> यो खेल उनको २०० औं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थिति थियो, र उनी छ विश्वकप खेल्ने पहिलो पुरुष खेलाडी र पाँच विश्वकपमा गोल गर्ने दोस्रो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |date=16 June 2026 |title=Lionel Messi becomes 1st man to play at 6 World Cups |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49013816/lionel-messi-play-6-world-cups-argentina-record-cristiano-ronaldo |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lionel Messi Ties All-Time World Cup Scoring Record with Hat Trick Against Algeria |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-matches-cristiano-ronaldos-rare-five-world-cup-scoring-record |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fox Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> ३८ वर्ष ३५७ दिनको उमेरमा, उनी विश्वकप ह्याट्रिक गर्ने सबैभन्दा जेठो खेलाडी पनि बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Milano |first=Bruno |date=16 June 2026 |title=Lionel Messi breaks Cristiano Ronaldo’s record for the oldest player with a World Cup hat-trick |url=https://bolavip.com/en/world-cup/lionel-messi-breaks-cristiano-ronaldos-record-for-the-oldest-player-with-a-world-cup-hat-trick |publisher=bolavip.com}}</ref> २२ जुनमा, मेस्सीले अस्ट्रियामाथि २-० को जितमा अर्जेन्टिनाका दुवै गोल गरे, [[मिरोस्लाभ क्लोज|मिरोस्लाभ क्लोस]]लाई पछि पार्दै १८ गोलका साथ विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक गोल गर्ने खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Emons |first=Michael |date=22 June 2026 |title=Argentina 2–0 Austria |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cze914jw558t |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> उनी म्यान अफ द म्याच भए र जस्ट फन्टेन र जैरजिन्हो पछि लगातार छ विश्वकप खेलमा गोल गर्ने तेस्रो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2026 |title=Messi enters record books as Argentina reach knockouts |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/argentina-austria-match-report-highlights |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> यो जित उनको १८ औं विश्वकप खेल जित थियो, जसले क्लोसको विश्वकप खेल जित्ने रेकर्डलाई उछिनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2026 |title=Players with most World Cup victories |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/players-most-wins-victories |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> जुन २७ मा, मेस्सीले लगातार सातौं विश्वकप खेलमा गोल गरे जब अर्जेन्टिनाले जोर्डनलाई ३-१ ले पराजित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite web |last=Becherano |first=Lizzy |date=27 June 2026 |title=Lionel Messi scores again to seal perfect group stage for Argentina |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49203555/lionel-messi-scores-again-seal-perfect-group-stage-argentina |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/sports/soccer/messi-becomes-first-score-7-straight-world-cup-games-goals-rord-rcna352089|title=Messi becomes first to score in 7 straight World Cup games while extending goals record|date=28 June 2026|work=NBC News|access-date=28 June 2026|archive-date=}}</ref> केप भर्डे विरुद्धको अन्तिम ३२ मा, मेस्सीले लगातार आठौं खेलमा अतिरिक्त समय पछि ३-२ को जितमा गोल गरे, जसले गर्दा उनको विश्वकप करियरको संख्या २० गोल र ३० खेलमा २० जित पुगेको छ।<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2026 |title=Argentina 3-2 Cape Verde (aet) Stats: More Messi History as Scaloni’s Men Survive World Cup Classic |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/argentina-vs-cape-verde-stats-world-cup-2026 |publisher=Opta Analyst}}</ref> उनी ३९ वर्ष ९ दिनमा नकआउट चरणमा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा जेठो दक्षिण अमेरिकी खेलाडी बने, र म्यान अफ द म्याच घोषित भए।<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2026 |title=Argentina survive Cabo Verde scare to book Egypt date |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/matchday-23-round-up-review-highlights |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Davey |first=Lee |date=4 July 2026 |title=Lionel Messi decision slammed as Cape Verde left unrecognised for World Cup heroics |url=https://talksport.com/football/world-cup/4390079/lionel-messi-man-of-the-match-cape-verde/ |publisher=talkSPORT}}</ref> उनी ग्योर्गी सारोसी र भाभा पछि लगातार पाँच विश्वकप नकआउट खेलहरूमा गोल गर्ने तेस्रो खेलाडी पनि बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Sagar |first=Sunaadh |date=4 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Messi goes past Pele and Mbappe with record 12; Lisandro first-ever for Argentina; Vozinha 8 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49262035/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lionel-messi-goes-pele-kylian-mbappe-record-12-lisandro-martinez-first-ever-argentina |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> इजिप्ट विरुद्धको अन्तिम १६ को खेलामाअ, अर्जेन्टिनाले २-० ले पछिपरेको स्थितिबाट ३-२ को पुनरागमन जितमा गोल गरे र असिस्ट प्रदान गरेपछि मेस्सीलाई म्यान अफ द म्याच घोषित गरियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2026 |title=Argentina fightback stuns Egypt |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/argentina-egypt-match-report-highlights |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> उनी लगातार छ विश्वकप नकआउट खेलहरूमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी बने, जबकि असिस्ट उनको विश्वकप करियरको नवौं थियो, जसले फ्रिट्ज वाल्टरको विश्वकप असिस्टको रेकर्ड बराबरी गर्यो।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |last=Howarth |first=Matthew |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cdr4m2122lgt |title=Argentina 3–2 Egypt |publisher=BBC Sport |date=7 July 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-breaks-world-cup-all-time-assists-record-comeback-win-vs-egypt |title=Lionel Messi Breaks World Cup All-Time Assists Record In Comeback Win vs. Egypt |publisher=FOX Sports |date=7 July 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chopping |first=Ben |url=https://news.williamhill.com/football/world-cup/most-assists-and-assist-records/ |title=World Cup Assists Record: All-time List Of Assists At World Cup |publisher=William Hill News |date=June 2026 }}</ref>}} उनले १९३० मा एकै विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाले आठ गोल गर्ने गुइलेर्मो स्टाबिलको रेकर्डसँग बराबरी पनि गरे।<ref>{{cite web |last=Taina |first=Gianni |date=7 July 2026 |title=Video: Lionel Messi scores for Argentina against Egypt to match Guillermo Stabile’s 96-year-old record |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/video-lionel-messi-scores-for-argentina-against-egypt-to-match-guillermo-stabiles-96-year-old-record/ |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> यसका साथै, मेस्सीले पहिलो हाफको पेनाल्टी किक गुमाए, जसले गर्दा उनी आफ्नो करियरमा चार विश्वकप पेनाल्टी मिस गर्ने इतिहासकै पहिलो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Villar Pardo |first=Daniel |date=7 July 2026 |title=Video: Messi misses a penalty against Egypt, his second failed spot kick of the 2026 World Cup |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/video-messi-misses-a-penalty-against-egypt-his-second-failed-spot-kick-of-the-2026-world-cup/ |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> == मेसी–रोनाल्डो प्रतिस्पर्धा == {{मुख्य|मेसी–रोनाल्डो प्रतिस्पर्धा}} [[File:Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi - Portugal vs Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|मेस्सीको करियरको अधिकांश समय क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो (बायाँ) सँग तुलना गरिएको छ।]] उनका समकालीन साथीहरूमध्ये, मेस्सीको तुलना प्रायः [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]सँग गरिन्छ, जसलाई धेरैले उनको करियरको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मान्छन्। <ref name="RonaldoRivalry" /><ref name="RonaldoRivalry">Multiple sources: * {{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-the-future/index.html |title=A future without Messi and Ronaldo |work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |access-date=8 June 2018 |last=Macdonald |first=Paul |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200613/https://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-the-future/index.html |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Staunton |first=Peter |url=http://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-changing-face-of-football/index.html |title=Messi and Ronaldo: Changing the face of football |work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804214954/http://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-changing-face-of-football/index.html |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/whoever-wins-the-ballon-d-or-the-messi-ronaldo-duopoly-is-coming-to-an-end_sto5054730/story.shtml |title=Whoever wins the Ballon d'Or, the Messi-Ronaldo duopoly is coming to an end |work=[[Eurosport]] |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=8 June 2018 |last=Haugstad |first=Thore |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120014411/https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/whoever-wins-the-ballon-d-or-the-messi-ronaldo-duopoly-is-coming-to-an-end_sto5054730/story.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> उनलाई खेलको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा महान् फुटबलरहरू मध्ये एक पनि मानिन्छ।<ref name="goat"> Multiple sources: * {{cite web |title=Why Lionel Messi is the best male athlete of all time |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=13 December 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63964902 |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902160444/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63964902}} * {{cite web |last=Lane |first=Barnaby |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi cements status as soccer GOAT as Argentina wins thrilling World Cup final |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/lionel-messi-cements-status-as-goat-argentina-win-world-cup-2022-12 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=[[Business Insider]] |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224021804/https://www.businessinsider.com/lionel-messi-cements-status-as-goat-argentina-win-world-cup-2022-12 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=McIntyre |first=Doug |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi Cements His Goat Status With A Little Help From His Friends |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-cements-his-goat-status-with-a-little-help-from-his-friends|access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Fox Sports|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404023500/https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-cements-his-goat-status-with-a-little-help-from-his-friends|url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Ryan |title=Why Lionel Messi is the best male athlete of all time |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=16 December 2022 |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/insider/story/_/id/35259622/lionel-messi-world-cup-proves-best-male-athlete-ever |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218003939/https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/insider/story/_/id/35259622/lionel-messi-world-cup-proves-best-male-athlete-ever}} * {{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Joshua |last2=Clegg |first2=Jonathan |title=Messi's Argentina Beats France to Win the World Cup |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=19 December 2022 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/argentina-france-world-cup-messi-mbappe-11671386377 |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009060605/https://www.wsj.com/articles/argentina-france-world-cup-messi-mbappe-11671386377}} * {{cite web |last=Robson |first=James |title=Messi wins World Cup to push claim to be soccer's GOAT |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=18 December 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/lionel-messi-wins-world-cup-final-is-he-the-goat-0bf74af4ef88ea1e6b3eadce375ebb4a |access-date=7 October 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703140046/https://apnews.com/article/lionel-messi-wins-world-cup-final-is-he-the-goat-0bf74af4ef88ea1e6b3eadce375ebb4a}} * {{cite web |last=Smith |first=Rory |title=For Messi, and Argentina, the (Extra) Wait Is Worth It |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 December 2022 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/18/sports/soccer/messi-world-cup-win.html |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122063447/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/18/sports/soccer/messi-world-cup-win.html}}</ref> २०२५ मा, उनलाई आइएफएफएचएस द्वारा अल टाइम मेन्स वर्ल्ड बेस्ट प्लेयर घोषित गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFFHS ALL TIME TOP 10 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/4380 |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=www.iffhs.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803225633/https://iffhs.com/posts/4380 |date=3 August 2025 }}</ref> दुवैले धेरै व्यक्तिगत उपलब्धी हासिल गरेकाअ छन्, क्लब र देश दुवैका लागि दर्जनौं ट्रफी जिते, र इतिहासका दुई प्रमुख गोल स्कोरर हुन्। मेस्सीले समय सम्यमा कुनै पनि प्रतिद्वन्द्वितालाई अस्वीकार गरे पनि,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi Blames Media for Inventing Rivalry with Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=15 August 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9478241/Barcelonas-Lionel-Messi-blames-media-for-inventing-rivalry-with-Real-Madrids-Cristiano-Ronaldo.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9478241/Barcelonas-Lionel-Messi-blames-media-for-inventing-rivalry-with-Real-Madrids-Cristiano-Ronaldo.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 August 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Snowball |title=Lionel Messi: Cristiano Ronaldo Is Not My Rival|website=Eurosport|publisher=TNT Sports International|date=11 June 2015 |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo-is-not-my-rival_sto4779011/story.shtml |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924004853/http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo-is-not-my-rival_sto4779011/story.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> उनीहरूले विश्वको सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडी बन्ने आफ्नो लक्ष्यमा एकअर्कालाई अगाडि बढाउने व्यापक रूपमा विश्वास गरिन्छ। <ref name="Overtaken">{{cite news |first=Andy |last=West |title=Real Madrid v Barcelona: Has Ronaldo Overtaken Messi? |work=BBC Sport |date=22 March 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26651301 |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=24 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824045031/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26651301 |url-status=live}}</ref> पण्डितहरूले उनीहरू चीचको प्रतिद्वन्द्वितालाई बक्सिङमा मुहम्मद अली-जो फ्रेजियर प्रतिद्वन्द्विता, मोटरस्पोर्टमा प्रोस्ट-सेना प्रतिद्वन्द्विता, र [[रोजर फेडरर|फेडेरर]]-[[रफाएल नाडाल|नाडाल]] र बोर्ग-म्याकएनरो बीचको टेनिस प्रतिद्वन्द्विता जस्ता विगतका खेलकुद प्रतिद्वन्द्विताहरूसँग तुलना गरेका छन्। <ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news |last=Hunter |first=Graham |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/5842703/el-clasico-all-ronaldo-vs-messi |title=The game's best rivalry |date=28 November 2010 |access-date=30 September 2014 |work=ESPN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006150207/http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/5842703/el-clasico-all-ronaldo-vs-messi |archive-date=6 October 2014}} * {{cite web |title=Messi v Ronaldo|website=Sky Sports|publisher=Sky Group|date=17 October 2011 |url=http://www.skysports.com/news/21227/7235124/messi-v-ronaldo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105413/http://www.skysports.com/news/21227/7235124/messi-v-ronaldo |archive-date=6 October 2014 }} * {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/the-special-two-g7dbcfsfgxt |title=The Special Two |date=21 December 2012 |access-date=13 October 2014 |work=The Times |url-access=subscription |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626225332/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/leaders/article3637725.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> प्रशंसक र पण्डितहरू दुवै खेलाडीको व्यक्तिगत गुणहरूको बारेमा नियमित रूपमा तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Overtaken" /><ref>{{Cite news |first=Chris |last=Mendes |title=World Cup 2014: Cristiano Ronaldo's Personal Duel with Lionel Messi Is Affecting His Performances for Portugal |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/cristiano-ronaldo/10923614/World-Cup-2014-Cristiano-Ronaldos-personal-duel-with-Lionel-Messi-is-affecting-his-performances-for-Portugal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/cristiano-ronaldo/10923614/World-Cup-2014-Cristiano-Ronaldos-personal-duel-with-Lionel-Messi-is-affecting-his-performances-for-Portugal.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 August 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> मेस्सीलाई ड्रिब्लिङ, प्लेमेकिङ, पासिङ र गोलस्कोरिङको संयोजनको लागि प्रशंसा गरिन्छ, जबकि रोनाल्डोले आफ्नो असाधारण गति र एथलेटिक्सिज्म, गोलस्कोरिङ सीप र दबाबमा प्रदर्शनको लागि प्रशंसा पाएका छन्। <ref> {{cite news |last=Smith |first=Ben |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/17786045 |title=Barcelona's Messi v Real Madrid's Ronaldo |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=13 October 2014 |work=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905081616/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17786045 |archive-date=5 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Simon |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-v-cristiano-ronaldo--worlds-greatest-players-locked-in-new-battle-8567328.html |title=Lionel Messi v Cristiano Ronaldo – world's greatest players locked in new battle |date=10 April 2013 |access-date=13 October 2014 |work=The Independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028195727/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-v-cristiano-ronaldo--worlds-greatest-players-locked-in-new-battle-8567328.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 }}</ref> उनीहरूको खेल शैलीभन्दा बाहिर, बहस उनीहरूको फरक शारीरिक बनावटको वरिपरि पनि घुम्छ - रोनाल्डो {{height|m=1.87}} मांसपेशीयुक्त संरचनाको साथ छन्, जबकि मेस्सी {{height|m=1.70}} उचाइका छन् । – र उनीहरूको सार्वजनिक व्यक्तित्व विपरीत छ, रोनाल्डोको आत्मविश्वास र मेस्सीको नम्रता भन्दा फरक छन्।<ref>Multiple sources: * {{Cite news |first=Rob |last=Hughes |title=Ronaldo May Look Like the Best, but There Is Someone Better |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 September 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/sports/soccer/14iht-soccer14.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165502/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/sports/soccer/14iht-soccer14.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |first1=Pedro |last1=Pinto |first2=James |last2=Montague |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/17/sport/football/football-champions-league-ronaldo-interview/ |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: I'm Better than Messi |publisher=CNN |date=29 May 2012 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125456/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/17/sport/football/football-champions-league-ronaldo-interview/ |url-status=live}} * {{Cite news |first=Tim |last=Lewis |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: He's Got a God-Given Talent – and He Knows It |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 November 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/nov/24/cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-portugal-football |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006163656/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/nov/24/cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-portugal-football |url-status=live}}</ref> व्यक्तिगत उपलब्धिहरूको सन्दर्भमा, मेस्सीले रोनाल्डोको पाँच जनालाई आठ बालोन डी'ओर, छ युरोपियन गोल्डेन बुट- रोनाल्डोको पाँच, चार युरोपियन गोल्डेन बुट<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ballons d'Or winners list |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/07/ballon-dor-winners-list/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/07/ballon-dor-winners-list/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |work=The Telegraph |date=2 April 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Sorin |last1=Arotaritei |first2=Roberto |last2=Di Maggio |first3=Karel |last3=Stokkermans |title=Golden Boot (Soulier d'Or) Awards |website=[[RSSSF]] |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/gboot.html |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601072653/https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/gboot.html |url-status=live}}</ref> मैदान बाहिर, तलब, प्रायोजन र सामाजिक सञ्जालका फ्यानबेसको हिसाबले रोनाल्डो उनका प्रत्यक्ष प्रतिस्पर्धी हुन्।<ref name="50million">{{cite web |first=Kurt |last=Badenhausen |title=Lionel Messi Reaches $50 Million-A-Year Deal With Barcelona |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2014/05/16/lionel-messi-agrees-to-new-50-million-a-year-deal-with-barcelona/ |work=Forbes |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091338/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2014/05/16/lionel-messi-agrees-to-new-50-million-a-year-deal-with-barcelona/ |url-status=live}}</ref> रोनाल्डो समावेश भएका क्लब विरुद्ध मेस्सीको हेड-टू-हेड रेकर्डमा प्रतिस्पर्धी क्लब खेलहरूमा १५ जित, ९ बराबरी र १० हार समावेश छन्। यी दुई बीचको पहिलो प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक खेल २००८ मा भएको थियो, जब रोनाल्डोको म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडले २००७-०८ को युईएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग सेमिफाइनलमा मेस्सीको बार्सिलोनासँग खेलेको थियो; [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]ले बार्सिलोनालाई हराएर, फाइनल पुज्ञो र अन्ततः फाइनल पनि जित्यो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Rutledge |first=Lewis |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/102148/report |title=Scholes seals final spot |date=29 April 2008 |access-date=30 September 2014 |work=Sky Sports |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083710/http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/102148/report |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> यी दुई खेलाडी र क्लब टोली अर्को वर्षको च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनलमा फेरि भेटे, यसपटक मेस्सी र बार्सिलोनाले २-० को जित हासिल गरे।<ref>{{cite news |last=Lowe |first=Sid |author-link=Sid Lowe |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37583118/messi-ronaldos-most-memorable-clashes-champions-league-el-clasico |title=Messi and Ronaldo's most memorable clashes: From the Champions League to El Clasico |date=17 January 2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |work=ESPN |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028173107/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37583118/messi-ronaldos-most-memorable-clashes-champions-league-el-clasico |url-status=live }}</ref> यसपछि, रोनाल्डो बार्सिलोनाको मुख्य प्रतिद्वन्द्वी रियल म्याड्रिडमा आए, जसको परिणामस्वरूप मेस्सीले [[एल क्लासिको]]मा रोनाल्डोको धेरै पटक सामना गरे, जुन विश्वको सबैभन्दा धेरै हेरिने वार्षिक खेलकुद कार्यक्रमहरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Daniel |author-link1=Daniel Taylor (journalist)|last2=Jackson |first2=Jamie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/jun/11/cristiano-ronaldo-manchester-united-real-madrid1 |title=Manchester United accept £80m Cristiano Ronaldo bid from Real Madrid |date=11 June 2009 |access-date=30 September 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123043733/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/jun/11/cristiano-ronaldo-manchester-united-real-madrid1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="50million" /> धेरै फुटबल समीक्षक, टिप्पणीकार र खेलाडीहरूले भनेका छन् कि [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप|२०२२ को विश्वकप]]मा अर्जेन्टिनासँग मेस्सीको विजयले दुई खेलाडीहरू बीचको प्रतिस्पर्धालाई टुंगो लागेको छ।{{efn|group=upper-alpha|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharland |first=Pete |date=18 December 2022 |title=World Cup 2022 Final: Win Or Lose, Argentina Star Lionel Messi Has Settled The Goat Debate Forever |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/world-cup/2022/world-cup-2022-final-win-or-lose-argentina-star-lionel-messi-has-settled-the-goat-debate-forever_sto9275487/story.shtml |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=Eurosport |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222185828/https://www.eurosport.com/football/world-cup/2022/world-cup-2022-final-win-or-lose-argentina-star-lionel-messi-has-settled-the-goat-debate-forever_sto9275487/story.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Usry |first=Rob |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi puts the GOAT debate to rest with storybook World Cup win |url=https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2022/12/18/23515312/lionel-messi-world-cup-who-is-soccer-football-goat-argentina |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=SBNation.com |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221220741/https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2022/12/18/23515312/lionel-messi-world-cup-who-is-soccer-football-goat-argentina |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: Lionel Messi rivalry now 'gone' says Portuguese great |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66738794 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=11 September 2023 |date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=13 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913002953/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66738794 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} === डिएगो म्याराडोनासँग तुलना === {{quote box|width=25%|align=right|quote="मैले अर्जेन्टिनाको फुटबलमा मेरो स्थान पाउने खेलाडी देखेको छु र उनको नाम मेस्सी हो।""|source=– डिएगो म्याराडोनाले फेब्रुअरी २००६ मा १८ वर्षीय मेस्सीलाई आफ्नो उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा प्रशंसा गर्दै<ref name="successor">{{Cite news |title=Maradona Hails Messi as Successor |work=BBC Sport |date=24 February 2006 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4746070.stm |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001190650/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4746070.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>}} आफ्नो करियरभरि, मेस्सीको तुलना [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]]सँग गरिएको छ। [[डिएगो म्याराडोना|म्याराडोना]]लाई उनको पुस्ताको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी र खेलको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा महान खेलाडीहरू मध्ये एक पनि मानिन्थ्यो।<ref name="adept">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sports/worldcup/world-cup-2014-in-argentina-lionel-messi-is-not-loved-as-much-as-diego-maradona.html|title=Adept? Yes. Adored? Not Yet.|last=Longman|first=Jeré|date=12 July 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715030203/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sports/worldcup/world-cup-2014-in-argentina-lionel-messi-is-not-loved-as-much-as-diego-maradona.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no1-diego-maradona|title=FourFourTwo's 100 Greatest Footballers EVER: No.1, Diego Maradona|last=Murray|first=Andrew|date=26 September 2017|magazine=[[FourFourTwo]]|access-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929135411/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no1-diego-maradona|archive-date=29 September 2017}}</ref> दुवै खेलाडीहरूको छोटो उचाइ, बायाँ खुट्टा भएका [[प्लेमेकर]]को रूपमा उनीहरूको समान खेल शैली र अर्जेन्टिनाको रूपमा उनीहरूको साझा राष्ट्रियताबाट व्यापक रूपमा उत्पन्न हुन्छन्।<ref name="Daily">{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|title=Maradona proclaims Messi as his successor|date=25 February 2006|newspaper=China Daily|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203458/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|archive-date=7 April 2019|agency=Reuters|quote="I have seen the player who will inherit my place in Argentine football and his name is Messi," Argentina's 1986 World Cup-winning captain was quoted as saying on Friday.|url-status=live}}</ref> सुरुमा, मेस्सी "नयाँ म्याराडोना" उपनाम प्राप्त गर्ने धेरै युवा अर्जेन्टिनी खेलाडीहरू मध्ये एक मात्र थिए, तर आफ्नो करियर अगाडि बढ्दै जाँदा, उनले सबै अघिल्ला दावेदारहरू भन्दा बाहिर आफ्नो समानता प्रमाणित गरे, आफूलाई म्याराडोना पछि अर्जेन्टिनाले उत्पादन गरेको सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडीको रूपमा स्थापित गरे।<ref name="Aimar" />{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} मेस्सी १८ वर्षको हुँदा, म्याराडोनाले उनलाई विश्वको सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडी भने र उनको उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा प्रशंसा गरे। <ref name="successor" /> २००८ देखि २०१० फिफा विश्वकप सम्म, मेस्सीले म्याराडोनाको प्रबन्धकको रूपमा अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय टोलीको लागि खेले, र यो अवधिमा मेस्सीलाई म्याराडोनाले प्रसिद्ध रूपमा लगाएको १० नम्बरको जर्सी दिइएको थियो। म्याराडोनाले मेस्सीलाई आशीर्वाद दिँदै भने: "नम्बर १० तिम्रो हो। यसलाई लगाउन तिमी भन्दा राम्रो कोही छैन।"<ref name="telegraph.co.uk" /> [[चित्र:Maradona_vs_england.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|शरीरको आकार र खेल्ने शैलीको समानताका कारण, मेस्सीलाई बारम्बार उनकै देशका [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]]सँग तुलना गरिन्छ।]] मेस्सीको करियरको सुरुवाती र मध्य भागमा, अर्जेन्टिनाको समाजमा उनलाई सामान्यतया म्याराडोना भन्दा कम सम्मान दिइन्थ्यो। यसको एउटा कारण मेस्सीको प्रतियोगिता सफलताको कमी र राष्ट्रिय टोलीसँगको असमान प्रदर्शन थियो; म्याराडोनाले १९८६ को फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनालाई विजयको लागि प्रसिद्ध रूपमा नेतृत्व गरेका थिए, जसबाट मेस्सीको लागि पनि त्यस्तै गर्ने अपेक्षा स्थापित भएको थियो ।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="laughable"/><ref name="adept"/><ref name="Burden" />|group=upper-alpha}} अर्जेन्टिनाले रोसारियोमा अन्तर्मुखी र नम्र मेस्सीको विपरीत, बस्तीबाट आएका ज्वलन्त, बहिर्मुखी र विवादास्पद म्याराडोनासँग बढी पहिचान गरे।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="Lea"/><ref name="Burden">{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Himmelman |title=The Burden of Being Messi |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 June 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/magazine/the-burden-of-being-messi.html |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403064416/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/magazine/the-burden-of-being-messi.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Marcela |last=Mora y Araujo |title=Lionel Messi Is Not the New Maradona – He Can Be Better than That |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 December 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/dec/23/lionel-messi-diego-maradona-argentina-barcelona |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119233541/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/dec/23/lionel-messi-diego-maradona-argentina-barcelona |url-status=live}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} म्याराडोना, धेरै विद्वानहरू र फुटबल खेलाडीहरूले मेस्सीको स्वभावले उनलाई राष्ट्रिय टोलीको लागि सक्षम नेता बनाएको छ कि छैन भनेर प्रश्न गरे। {{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="laughable"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46279184 |title=Lionel Messi: Is Barcelona forward really cut out for captaincy? |work=BBC Sport |first=Andy |last=West |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=26 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526082244/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46279184 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/2889220/diego-maradona-says-lionel-messi-lacks-leadership-to-carry-a-team?src=com |title=Diego Maradona: Lionel Messi lacks the leadership needed to carry a team |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 June 2016 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501160742/http://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/2889220/diego-maradona-says-lionel-messi-lacks-leadership-to-carry-a-team%3Fsrc%3Dcom |url-status=live}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} यसबाहेक, अर्जेन्टिनाको जर्सीप्रति मेस्सीको बाह्य जोशको कमी, राष्ट्रिय गान नगाउने उनको प्रारम्भिक प्रवृत्ति, र भावनात्मक प्रदर्शनको उनको सापेक्षिक अभावले उनलाई अर्जेन्टिना भन्दा बढी क्याटलान लाग्छ भन्ने धारणा सिर्जना गरेको छ।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<ref name="Vickery" /> यद्यपि, १३ वर्षको उमेरदेखि बार्सिलोनामा बसोबास गर्दै आए पनि, मेस्सीले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा स्पेनको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने विकल्पलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै भने: "अर्जेन्टिना मेरो देश हो, मेरो परिवार हो, आफूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्ने मेरो तरिका हो। मेरो देशका मानिसहरूलाई खुसी बनाउन म मेरा सबै रेकर्डहरू परिवर्तन गर्नेछु।"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/10/lionel-messi-vomits-argentina-alejandro-sabella-world-cup|title=Lionel Messi Vomits Because of Nerves, Says Argentina's Alejandro Sabella|date=10 June 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125222532/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/10/lionel-messi-vomits-argentina-alejandro-sabella-world-cup|archive-date=25 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == मेसी एक चरणमा, आफ्नो गृहनगर [[रोसारियो]]को माकारीना लीमोससँग रूमानी तरिकामा आवद्ध थिए। उनी भन्छन् कि जब उनी [[२००६ विश्वकप]] शुरू हुनु भन्दा केही दिन पहिले चोटबाट मुक्ति पाउनको लागि रोसारियो फर्किए थिए तब केटीको बुवाले नै उनीसँग परिचय गराएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gente.com.ar/nota.php?ID=11359|title=Lionel me prometió venir a mi cumple de quince después del Mundial|publisher=Gente Online|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127191019/http://www.gente.com.ar/nota.php?ID=11359 |date=2013-01-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vefutbol.com.mx/notas/16849.html|title= Aún le mueve el tapete a Messi|publisher=''El Universal''|date=2008-06-19|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}}</ref> अतीतमा पनि उनको नाम अर्जेन्टिनी मोडल [[लूसियाना सालाजार]]सँग जोडिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/content/view/45050/1/|title= Luciana Salazar y Messi serían pareja|publisher=Crónica Viva|date=2008-06-19|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090608003136/http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/content/view/45050/1/|archivedate=2009-06-08}}</ref><ref name="Messi y Antonella pasean"/> जनवरी २००९मा उनले [[च्यानल ३३]]को एक कार्यक्रम "ह्याट-ट्रिक बार्सा"मा भने: "मेरो एउटा प्रेमिका छ र उनी अर्जेन्टिनामा बस्छिन, म निश्चिन्त र खुशी छु।"<ref name="Messi y Antonella pasean">{{cite news|url=http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=590154&idseccio_PK=1028|title=Messi y Antonella pasean por el Carnaval de Sitges su noviazgo|publisher=''El Periódico de Catalunya''|date=2009-02-25|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610003322/http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=590154&idseccio_PK=1028 |date=2009-06-10 }}</ref> उनी बार्सिलोना-एस्पेनयल डर्बी पछि, [[सिटजेस]]को एक कार्निवलमा एन्टोनेला रोकुजो नामक युवती सँग देखिए।<ref name="Roccuzzo">{{cite news|url=http://www.calciomercato.it/news/46787/Messi-a-dicembre-sogni-doro!.html|title=Messi, a dicembre... sogni d'oro|publisher=Calcio Mercato News|date=21 April 2009|accessdate=13 July 2009|language=Italian}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030032522/http://www.calciomercato.it/news/46787/Messi-a-dicembre-sogni-doro!.html |date=30 October 2010 }}</ref> रोकुजो पनि रोसारियो कै वासिन्दा हुन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/2213473/La-verdad-sobre-la-nueva-novia-de-Messi__.html|title=La verdad sobre la nueva novia de Messi|publisher=Taringa|date=2009-02-24|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327092623/http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/2213473/La-verdad-sobre-la-nueva-novia-de-Messi__.html |date=2012-03-27 }}</ref> फुटबल क्षेत्रमा उनको दुई काकाका छोराहरू [[म्याक्सी]] र [[इमान्युअल बियानकुची]] पनि छन। म्याक्सी पाराग्वेको क्लब ओलम्पियाका विङ्गर छन् र इमान्युअल बियानकुची स्पेनको गिरोना एफसीमा मध्यपंक्ति छन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/esportes/seu_time/flamengo/2007/08/20/maxi_afirma_que_messi_deve_vir_ao_brasil_para_ve_lo_jogar_972383.html|title=Maxi afirma que Messi deve vir ao Brasil para vê-lo jogar|publisher=Último Segundo|date=2007-08-20|accessdate=2009-11-03|language=Portuguese}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227172313/http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/esportes/seu_time/flamengo/2007/08/20/maxi_afirma_que_messi_deve_vir_ao_brasil_para_ve_lo_jogar_972383.html |date=2009-02-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tz-online.de/sport/fussball/tsv-1860/biancucchi-hoert-mir-mit-messi-auf-498339.html|title=Hört mir auf mit Messi!|publisher=TZ Online|date=2009-10-20|accessdate=2009-11-03|language=German|first=Claudius |last=Mayer}}</ref> भिडियो गेम [[प्रो इभोल्यूशन सकर २००९]] र [[प्रो इभोल्यूशन सकर २०११]]को मुख्यपृष्ठमा उनको तस्बीर अङ्कित छ र उनी यस खेलको प्रचार अभियानमा पनि समावेश छन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gamezine.co.uk/news/game-types/sports/football/konami-names-messi-as-face-pes-2009-$1234471.htm|title=Konami names Messi as face of PES 2009|publisher=Gamezine.co.uk|date=2008-08-01|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pesunites.com/eng/index.htm|title=PES Unites - Messi|publisher=PESunites.com|accessdate=2009-06-09}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603173802/http://www.pesunites.com/eng/index.htm |date=2009-06-03 }}</ref> मेसी, [[प्रो इभोल्यूशन सकर २०१०]]मा [[फर्नान्डो तोरेस|फर्नान्डो टोरेस]] सँग<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.videogamer.com/news/torres_signs_for_pes_2010.html|title=Torres signs for PES 2010|publisher=Videogamer.com|date=2009-06-23|accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Orry|first=James}}</ref> देखिएका छन् र यसको [[मोशन कयाप्चरिङग]] र [[ट्रेलर]]मा पनि शामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/blog.do;jsessionid=E3F32E431E73A1D6AF0B71D695498692#blog-entry-116|title=Motions and Emotions in Barcelona|publisher=Konami|date=2009-06-08|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/news.do;jsessionid=A2FD1270B2C75DE70A52446CBF821D5A?idNews=411|title=E3 2009: PES 2010: Messi fronts exclusive E3 trailer|publisher=Konami|date=2009-06-02|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pesfan.com/news/8212537/Messi-mo-cap-photos/#newsarticle|title=MOTD magazine crew meet Messi in Barcelona|publisher=PESFan (Match of the Day Magazine)|accessdate=2009-06-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192339/http://www.pesfan.com/news/8212537/Messi-mo-cap-photos/#newsarticle |date=2013-01-27 }}</ref> मेसीको प्रायोजन जर्मन स्पोर्ट्सवेयर कम्पनी [[एडिडास]]ले गरेको छ र उनी यसकोको [[टेलिभिजन विज्ञापनहरू]]मा पनि उनी देखिन्छन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/video/2009/may/27/zidane-messi-adidas-ad|title=Watch Zinedine Zidane and Lionel Messi in Adidas ad|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2009-05-27|accessdate=2009-08-16}}</ref> == कर छली == सन् २०१३ मा कर छलीको आशंकामा मेस्सीको आर्थिक मामिलामाथि अनुसन्धान भएको थियो। कर हेभन्स उरुग्वे र बेलिजमा रहेका अपतटीय कम्पनीहरू 2007 र 2009 को बीचमा प्रायोजन आम्दानीसँग सम्बन्धित करमा € 4.1 मिलियन छल्न प्रयोग गरियो। पनामामा 2012 मा स्थापित एक असंबद्ध शेल कम्पनी पछि पनामा पेपर्स डाटा लीकमा मेसिसको रूपमा पहिचान गरिएको थियो।। मेस्सी, जसले कथित योजनाको अज्ञानताको गुनासो गरे, स्वेच्छिक रूपमा अगस्ट 2013 मा € 5.1 मिलियनको बक्यौता तिर्यो। 6 जुलाई 2016 मा, मेस्सी र उनका बुबा दुबै कर छलीको दोषी पाए र क्रमशः 21 महिनाको जेल सजाय र निलम्बन गरिएको थियो। €1.7 मिलियन र €1.4 मिलियन जरिवाना तिर्नुहोस्। न्यायाधीशको सामना गर्दै उनले भने, "मैले भर्खर फुटबल खेलेको छु। मैले मेरो बुबा र वकिलहरूलाई विश्वास गरेकोले मैले सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरें र हामीले ती चीजहरूको जिम्मा उनीहरूले लिने निर्णय गरेका थियौं।" == करियरको तथ्याङ्क == === क्लबको तथ्याङ्क === २९ मे, २०११को तथ्याङ्क अनुसार<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2010/01/18/pagina-7/5259184/pdf.html?search=messi 101|title='Pichichi' y centenario|publisher=elmundodeportivo|accessdate=17 January 2010|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720140353/http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2010/01/18/pagina-7/5259184/pdf.html?search=messi |date=20 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Argentina">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Player – Lionel Messi |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate=29 June 2010}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2"|क्लब ! rowspan="2"|सिजन ! colspan="3"|लिग ! colspan="3"|कप<ref group="nb">[[कोपा डेल रे]] र [[सुपरकोपा डी एस्पाना]] पनि समावेश</ref> ! colspan="3"|[[युरोप|यूरोप]] <ref group="nb">[[युरोपीयन सुपरकप]] र [[युरोपीयन च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] पनि समावेश</ref> ! colspan="3"|[[क्लब विश्वकप]] ! colspan="3"|कुल |- !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट |- | rowspan="7"|'''[[बार्सिलोना]]''' | [[२००४-०५]] | ७ | १ | ० | १ | ० | ० | १ | ० | ० | - | - | - | ९ | १ | ० |- | [[२००५-०६]] | १७ | ६ | ३ | २ | १ | ० | ६ | १ | १ | - | - | - | २५ | ८ | ४ |- | [[२००६-०७]] | २६ | १४ | २ | ४ | २ | १ | ६ | १ | ० | ० | ० | ० | ३६ | १७ | ३ |- | [[२००७-०८]] | २८ | १० | १२ | ३ | ० | ० | ९ | ६ | १ | - | - | - | ४० | १६ | १३ |- | [[२००८-०९]] | ३१ | २३ | ११ | ८ | ६ | २ | १२ | ९ | ५ | - | - | - | ५१ | ३८ | १८ |- | [[२००९-१०]] | १७ | १५ | ६ | ४ | ३ | ० | ६ | २ | १ | २ | २ | ० | २९ | २२ | ८ |- | [[२०१०-११]] | ३३ | ३१ | १८ | ९ | १० | ३ | १३ | १२ | ३ | - | - | - | ५५ | ५३ | २४ |- ! colspan="2"| करियरको कुल !१७७ !११९ !५६ !३१ !२२ !६ !५९ !३७ !११ !२ !२ !० !२६९ !१८० !७३ |} === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !राष्ट्रिय टोली!!वर्ष!!खेल!!गोलहरू!!सहायता |- |rowspan=10|'''{{fb|ARG}} |२००५||५||०||० |- |२००६||७||२||१ |- |२००७||१४||६||३ |- |२००८||८||२||१ |- |२००९||१०||३||२ |- |२०१०||१०||२||२ |- |२०११||१३||४|| |- |२०१२||९||१२|| ‍|- |२०१३||७||६|| |- |२०१४||१३||८|| |- !colspan=2|कुल!!७६!!४५!!११ |} === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोलहरू === {{Main|लियोनेल मेसीले गरेका अन्तराष्ट्रिय गोलहरू}} मेसी अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका वर्तमान सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता हुन्।भने उनले आफ्नो अन्तरास्ट्रिय फुटबल करियरमा ५० गोलको कोसे-ढुङ्गा समेत पार गरिसकेका छन्। ===वर्ष अनुसार गोल=== ===प्रतियोगिता अनुसार गोल=== == सम्मान == === बार्सिलोना === * '''[[ला लिगा]] (५):''' [[सन् २००४-०५ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००४-०५]], [[सन् २००५-०६ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००५-०६]], [[सन् २००८-०९ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००८-०९]] [[सन् २००९-१० को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००९-१०]] [[सन् २०१०-११ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१०-११]], [[सन् २०१५-१६ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१५-१६]], [[सन् २०१७-१८ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१७-१८]], [[सन् २०१८-१९ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१८-१९]] * '''[[स्पेनी कप]] (१):''' [[सन् २००८-०९ को स्पेनी कप|सन् २००८-०९]] * '''[[स्पेनी सुपरकप]] (३):''' सन् २००५, २००६, २००९ * '''[[युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] (३):''' सन् २००५-०६, सन् २००८-०९ सन् २०१०-११ * '''युरोपेेेेेेेली सुपरकप (१):''' सन् २००९ * '''[[फिफा क्लब विश्वकप]] (१):''' सन् २००९ === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय === * [[फिफा यु-२० विश्वकप]]: [[सन् २००५|२००५]] * [[ओलम्पिक स्वर्ण पदक]]: [[सन् २००८|२००८]] == मेसीको ५०० गोल == मेसीले आफ्नो खेल जीवनमा ५०० गोलको कोसे ढुङ्गा पनि पूरा गरी सकेका छन्। सर्वाधिक फिफा वर्षको उपाधि जित्न सफल मेसीले आफ्नो ५०० गोल सन् २०१६ अप्रिल १७ (ला लिगा) मा भ्यालेन्सिया विरूद्ध १ गोल गर्दै पूरा गरेका थिए तर उक्त ऐतिहासिक खेलमा भने उनको क्लब २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित हुन पुगेेेेेेेेको थियोे। साथै उनले सन् २००५ मे मा आल्बासेते विरूद्ध पहिलो वरिष्ठ टोलीको खेलमा गोल गरेका थिए। उनले ५०० गोल मध्ये ५० गोल राष्ट्रका लागि भने ४५० गोल क्लब बार्सिलोनाका लागि गरेका थिए। उनको ५०० गोल मध्ये ४०६ अथवा ७०% गोल देब्रे खुट्टाले गरेका थिए। == व्यक्तिगत == * [[फिफा यु-२० विश्वकप शीर्ष स्कोरर]]: २००५ * [[फिफा यु-२० विश्वकप प्रतियोगिता खेलाडी]]: २००५ * [[कोपा अमेरिका प्रतियोगिता युवा खेलाडी]]: २००७ * [[यु-२१ वर्षको युरोपेली फुटबल खेलाडी]]: २००७ * [[अर्जेन्टिनाको वर्ष खेलाडी]]: २००५, २००७, २००९ * [[फिफाप्रो वर्षको विशेष युवा खेलाडी]]: २००६-०७, २००७-०८ * [[फिफाप्रो वर्षको विश्व युवा खेलाडी]]: २००५-०६, २००६-०७, २००७-०८, * [[वर्षको विश्व फुटबल युवा खेलाडी]]: २००५-०६, २००६-०७, २००७-०८ * [[प्रिमियो डन बेलन (ला लिगा सर्वश्रेष्ठ विदेशी खेलाडी)]]: २००६-०७, २००८-०९ * [[इएफई ट्रफी (ला लिगामा उत्कृष्ट इबेरो अमेरिकी खेलाडी)]]: २००६-०७, २००८-०९ * [[फिफाप्रो विश्वका दस उत्कृष्ट]]: २००६-०७,, २००७-०८, २००८-०९ * [[युरोपेली वर्षको टोली]]: २००७-०८, २००८-०९ * [[फिफा वर्षको टोली]]: २००८, २००९ * [[युरोपेली च्याम्पियन्स लिग शीर्ष स्कोरर]]: २००८-०९ * [[ट्रोफियो अल्फ्रेडो डी स्टेफानो]]: २००८-०९ * [[युरोपेली क्लब वर्षको फरवर्ड]]: २००८-०९ * [[युरोपेली क्लब वर्षको फुटबलर]]: २००८-०९ * [[एलएफपी]] सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडी: २००८-०९ * [[एलएफपी]] सर्वश्रेष्ठ स्ट्राइकर: २००८-०९ * [[ओन्ज डी' ओर]]: २००९ * [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]]: २००९, २०१०,२०११,२०१२ * [[फिफा वर्ष खेलाडी]]: २००९ * [[फिफा क्लब विश्वकप गोल्डन बल]]: २००९ * [[टोयोटा पुरस्कार]]: २००९ * [[फिफा वर्षको विश्व युवा खेलाडी]]: १९९६, १९९७, २००२ * [[फिफाप्रो वर्षको विश्व खेलाडी]]: २००८-०९ * [[विश्वकप गोल्डेन बल]] २०१४ * [[फिफा बेलोन डी’ओर]] २०१५ == नोट == <references group="nb"></references> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Lionel Messi|लियोनेल मेसी}} * [http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_09-10/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html लियोनल मेसीको जीवनी]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171616/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_09-10/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html |date=2011-09-03 }} बार्सिलोना फुटबल क्लबको आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा * [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html लियोनल मेसीको खेल तथ्याङ्क] फिफा डटकममा * [http://www.football-lineups.com/players/player.php?route=9 जानकारी ] - फुटबल लाइनअफ डटकममा * [https://worldcupbest.com/news/lionel-messi/ लियोनल मेस्सी] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826165735/https://worldcupbest.com/news/lionel-messi/ |date=2022-08-26 }} - पेलेको कीर्तिमान मेस्सीले तोडे {{फिफा वर्षको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडीहरू}} {{ढाँचा:Argentina squad 2022 FIFA World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[श्रेणी:अर्जेन्टिनाका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप विजेता खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८७ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:बेलोन डी' ओर विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ला लिगा खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२०२६ फिफा विश्वकपका खेलाडीहरू]] frpvnke63jr5p6o1vy6i0t8ij3enmsp 0 33315 1368435 1326226 2026-08-04T08:42:34Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|विश्वको दोस्रो सर्वोच्च शिखर}} {{Infobox mountain | fetchwikidata = ALL | name = केटु | native_name = | elevation_m = 8611 {{efn|अधिकांश स्रोतहरू अनुसार {{convert|8611|metres}}, सन् २०१४ मा मापन गरिए अनुसार {{convert|8609|metres}}}} | elevation_ref = <br />{{small|[[विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू|दोस्रो]]}} | prominence_ref = <ref>{{Cite peakbagger|pid= 10515|name=K2}}</ref><br /> {{small|[[प्रमुखताका आधारमा हिमालहरूको सूची|२२औँ]]}} | parent = [[काराकोरम]] | location = | map = China Xinjiang Southern#China#Gilgit Baltistan#Pakistan | map_caption = सिन्जियाङ र गिलगित-बल्तिस्तानको सन्दर्भमा केटुको स्थिति | image_map = {{Karakoram OSM}} | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|36|01|33|N|76|38|46|E|type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | country = * {{flagicon|पाकिस्तान}} [[पाकिस्तान]] प्रशासित [[कश्मीर]] * {{flagicon|China}} [[चीन]] प्रशासित [[काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र]] | coordinates_ref = <ref name=peaklist/> | first_ascent = {{start date and age|df=yes|1954|7|31}}<br />[[अचिले कम्पाग्नोनी]] र [[लिनो लासेडेली]]<br> {{start date and age|df=yes|2021|1}} <br> नेपाली टोली (हिउँदमा) | easiest_route = [[केटु हिमाल#अभ्रुज्जी स्पर|अभ्रुज्जी स्पर]] | mapframe = no | listing = [[आठ हजारी|आठ-हजारी]]<br />[[सप्त द्वितीय शिखर]]<br />[[अल्ट्रा प्रमुख शिखर|अल्ट्रा]] | etymology = *[[भारतीय सर्वेक्षण विभाग]]द्वारा [[काराकोरम हिमशृङ्खला]]मा मापन गरिएको दोस्रो शिखर, त्यसैले "केटु"<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2024-07-27 |title=K2 |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/K2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815075455/https://www.britannica.com/place/K2 |archive-date=15 August 2024 |access-date=2024-08-31 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Voiland |first=Adam |date=December 17, 2013 |title=The Eight-Thousanders {{!}} K2 |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/8000MeterPeaks/page14.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529022008/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/8000MeterPeaks/page14.php |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=[[NASA Earth Observatory]] |publisher=[[NASA]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> *"माउन्ट गोडविन-अस्टिन" नाम यसको पहिलो सर्वेक्षण गर्ने [[हेनरी गोडविन-अस्टिनन]]को नामबाट राखिएको हो। }} '''केटु ''', जसलाई '''माउन्ट गोडविन-अस्टिन''' पनि भनिन्छ,<ref name="britannica.com" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 4, 1954 |title=Italians Conquer World's Second Highest Peak; Mt. Godwin Austen in Kashmir Is Climbed in 76-Day Effort |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/08/04/archives/italians-conquer-worlds-second-highest-peak-mt-godwin-austen-in.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901042739/https://www.nytimes.com/1954/08/04/archives/italians-conquer-worlds-second-highest-peak-mt-godwin-austen-in.html |archive-date=September 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-09-01 |work=[[The New York Times]] |pages=1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skardu.pk/k2-chhoghori-the-king-of-karakoram/|title=K2 Chhoghori The King of Karakoram|last1=Chhoghori|first1=K2|website=Skardu.pk|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> समुन्द्री सतहबाट {{convert|8611|metres}} को उचाइमा अवस्थित [[सगरमाथा]] ({{convert|8849|metres}}) पछिको [[विश्वका सर्वोच्च हिमालहरूको सूची|विश्वको दोस्रो सर्वोच्च हिमाल]] हो।<ref name="britannica.com" /> यो [[काराकोरम]] पर्वतमालामा, आंशिक रूपमा [[पाकिस्तान]] प्रशासित [[कश्मीर]]को [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]] क्षेत्रमा र आंशिक रूपमा [[चीन]] प्रशासित [[काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र]]को [[सिन्जियाङ]] स्थित [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी]]मा पर्दछ।<ref name=britannica-K2-lead>{{cite encyclopedia|date=18 November 2019|title=K2|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/K2|access-date=27 February 2021}} Quote: "केटु काराकोरम हिमशृङ्खालमा अवस्थित छ र आंशिक रूपमा चीनको सिन्जियाङको उइगुर स्वायत्त क्षेत्र भित्र रहेको कश्मीर क्षेत्रको चिनियाँ-प्रशासित क्षेत्र र आंशिक रूपमा पाकिस्तानको प्रशासन अन्तर्गत रहेको कश्मीरको गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान भागमा अवस्थित छ।"</ref><ref name="Kashmir-quotes">{{citation|title=Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent|accessdate=15 August 2019|archive-date=13 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813203817/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent|url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} <br /> {{citation|chapter=Kashmir|title=Encyclopedia Americana|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=328| quote=KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partly by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947}}</ref>{{efn|name=India's claim}} [[सन् १९५३ को अमेरिकी काराकोरम अभियान]]का आरोही जर्ज बेलले "यो एउटा यस्तो हिंस्रक हिमाल हो जसले तिमीलाई मार्ने प्रयास गर्छ" भनेपछि केटु लाई ''हिंस्रक हिमाल''को रूपमा चिनिन थालेको थियो।<ref name="seattletimes">{{cite web |last1=Stone |first1=Larry |title=Summiting 'Savage Mountain': The harrowing story of these Washington climbers' K2 ascent |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/god-were-going-to-get-the-mountain-40-years-later-k2-ascent-that-included-seattles-jim-wickwire-remains-magical/ |website=The Seattle Times |date=6 September 2018 |access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> विश्वका पाँच सर्वोच्च हिमालहरूमध्ये, केटु लामो समयदेखि सबैभन्दा घातक मानिँदै आएको छ: सन् २०२१ भन्दा अघि, शिखरमा पुग्ने प्रत्येक चार जनामध्ये करिब एक जनाको मृत्यु हुने गरेको थियो।<ref name="seattletimes" /><ref>{{cite web|title = AdventureStats – by Explorersweb|url = http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/k2routes.shtml|website = adventurestats.com|access-date = 21 October 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151118023912/http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/k2routes.shtml |archive-date= 18 November 2015 |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="LessSavage"/> सफल प्रयासहरूको वृद्धिसँगै, सन् २०२३ अगस्टसम्ममा अनुमानित ८०० जनाले केटु को सफल आरोहण गरिसकेका छन् भने [[आठ हजारौँ हिमालमा मृत्यु हुनेहरूको सूची#केटु |आरोहणका क्रममा ९६ जनाको मृत्यु]] भएको छ।<ref name="LessSavage">{{cite web |title=Is K2, the "Savage Mountain," Becoming Less Savage? |url=https://www.climbing.com/places/k2-worlds-second-highest-mountain/ |date=30 May 2024 |access-date=11 July 2024 |first1= Owen |last1=Clarke |first2=Steven |last2=Potter |website=Climbing}}</ref> केटु लाई "हिमालहरूको राजा" र "आरोहीहरूको हिमाल",<ref name="basecampmag">{{cite web |last1=Leger |first1=C. J. |title=K2: The King of Mountains |url=https://basecampmagazine.com/2017/02/08/k2-the-king-of-mountains/ |website=Base Camp Magazine |date=8 February 2017 |access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref> साथै "हिमालहरूको पनि हिमाल" उपनामले चिनिन्छ, जुन वाक्यांश इटालियाली आरोही [[रिनहोल्ड मेस्नर]]ले केटु सम्बन्धी आफ्नो पुस्तकमा लोकप्रिय बनाएका थिए।<ref name="Mesner1981">{{cite book |last1=Messner |first1=Reinhold |title=K2: Mountain of Mountains |date=1981 |publisher=Kaye & Ward ; Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-520253-3 }}</ref> यद्यपि सगरमाथाको शिखर बढी उचाइमा छ, तर केटु को आरोहण अधिक कठिन र खतरनाक छ। यो आंशिक रूपमा यसको उत्तरी अवस्थितिका कारणले हो, जहाँ प्रतिकूल मौसम सामान्य हुन्छ,<ref>{{cite news |date=10 February 2021 |title=Explainer: K2's peak beckons the daring, but climbers rarely answer call in winter |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1606499/explainer-k2s-peak-beckons-the-daring-but-climbers-rarely-answer-call-in-winter}}</ref> साथै यसमा ठाडो र खुला भीरहरू पनि छन्। सन् १९५४ मा [[आर्दितो देसियो]]को नेतृत्वमा भएको [[सन् १९५४ को इटालियाली केटु अभियान|इटालियाली अभियान]]का क्रममा इटालियाली आरोहीहरू [[लिनो लासेडेली]] र [[अचिले कम्पाग्नोनी]]ले पहिलोपटक यसको शिखरमा पाइला टेकेका थिए। अधिकांश आरोहणहरू जुलाई र अगस्ट महिनामा हुन्छन्, जुन सामान्यतया वर्षको सबैभन्दा न्यानो समय हो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brummit |first1=Chris |date=16 December 2011 |title=Russian team to try winter climb of world's 2nd-highest peak |work=[[USA Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-12-16/russian-team-winter-climb-K2-mountain/52010962/1 |access-date=26 September 2015}}</ref> सन् २०२१ को जनवरीमा, [[निर्मल पुर्जा]] र मिङ्मा ग्याल्जे शेर्पाको नेतृत्वमा रहेको नेपाली आरोहीहरूको टोलीले हिउँदमा आरोहण गरी केटु लाई हिउँदमा आरोहण हुने अन्तिम [[आठ हजारी|आठ-हजारी हिमाल]] बनाएको थियो।<ref name="National Geographic">{{cite news|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/nepali-mountaineers-achieve-historic-winter-first-on-k2/ar-BB1cOfjx|title=Nepali mountaineers achieve historic winter first on K2|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=29 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122011054/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/nepali-mountaineers-achieve-historic-winter-first-on-k2/ar-BB1cOfjx |archive-date=2021-01-22}}</ref><ref name="winter-k2">{{cite web |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2021/01/16/winter-k2-update-first-winter-k2-summit |title=Winter K2 Update: First Winter K2 Summit! |website=alanarnette.com |date=16 January 2021 |access-date=26 August 2021 }}{{unreliable source?|date=August 2021}}</ref> केटु को पूर्वी भाग (पूर्वी भीर) अझै सम्म कसैले पनि आरोहण गर्न सकेका छैनन्,<ref name="ameralpineclub">{{cite web |title=Asia, Pakistan, K2 Attempt |url=http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12198824002/Asia-Pakistan-K2-Attempt |website=The American Alpine Club |access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> जसको मुख्य कारण त्यहाँको हिउँ र बरफको संरचनाको अस्थिरतासँग जोडिएका जोखिमहरू हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Owen |date=2025-04-02 |title=Has K2—the Savage Mountain—Been Tamed? |url=https://www.climbing.com/travel/k2-worlds-second-highest-mountain/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Climbing |language=en-US}}</ref> qfzif1fqr82rkcbxp2vh9g1r7dbuo5i 0 47382 1368364 1355793 2026-08-03T14:38:51Z NeoEditor 77577 1368364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | birthname = वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा | image = Prime Minister Bir Shumsher Sitting (cropped).png | order = | office = [[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|११ औँ प्रधानमन्त्री (नेपाल)]] | term_start = वि.सं. १९४२ मंसिर ०८<ref>मुलुकी ऐन परिशिष्ट (ङ)</ref> | term_end = वि.सं. १९५७ फल्गुण २३ | predecessor = [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दिप सिँह बहादुर राणा]] | successor = [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देव शमशेर]] | office1 = पाल्पाको बडाहाकिम | term_start1 = १९३१ | term_end1 = १९३६ | predecessor1 = [[बद्री नरसिंह राणा|बद्रीनरसिंह राणा]] | successor1 = भूपेन्द्रजङ्ग राणा | birth_date = वि.सं. १९०९ मंसिर २६ | birth_place = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य]] | death_date = वि.सं. १९५७ फल्गुण २३ (४८ वर्ष) | death_place = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य]] }} '''वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा''' नेपालका [[राणा शासन]]का सातौँ तथा नेपालका ११ औँ प्रधानमन्त्री थिए। यिनी [[धीर शमशेर राणा|धीर शमशेर]]का जेठा छोरा थिए। उनलाई उनले गरेका महत्त्वपूर्ण सुधार र निर्माण गरेका दरबारहरूको कारणले चिनिन्छ। वीर शमशेरका १७ जना भाइहरूलाई शमशेर खलक भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। उनीहरूले जङ्ग र नरसिंह खलकलाई हत्या र निर्वासित गरी नपाउने शक्ति हत्याएका थिए। यिनी १९४२ मा [[४२ सालको पर्व]] मच्चाएर, आफ्नै बडा बा [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|श्री ३ रणोद्धिप]]को षड्यन्त्रपूर्वक हत्या गरी श्री ३ को पदमा विराजमान भएका थिए। रणोद्धिपको हत्याको लागि [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|खडग शमशेर ज.ब.रा]]. ले विशेष सहयोग गरेका थिए । उनले भादगाँउ र काठमाडौँमा वीरधाराको व्यवस्था, पुलहरूको निर्माण, [[वीर अस्पताल]] (वि.स.१९४७), [[वीर पुस्तकालय]]को स्थापना, [[घण्टाघर (काठमाडौँ)|घण्टाघर]]को निर्माण आदी गरेका थिए । == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == यिनको जन्म १९१० मा भएको थियो । ([[सम्पादन मण्डल]]ले उनको जन्म १९०९ मार्ग २७ गते शुक्रबार भएको कुरा लेखेको छ।) टुँडिखेलमा रहेको उनको सालिक अनुसार उनको जन्म मिति सम्वत १९०९ साके १७७४ मार्ग २१ गते मार्ग कृष्ण ३० शुक्रबार तदनुसार १० डिसेम्बर १९५२ ई. रहेको छ। यिनको जन्म हुँदा यिनको आमा चन्द्रकुमारी बस्न्यात ([[पहलमान सिंह बस्नेत]] कि छोरी/ काजी ललितमानसिंह बस्न्यातकी बहिनी) सुत्केरी अवस्थामा नै मृत्यु भयो र आठ वर्ष सम्म बाबुसंग बस्न नहुने भएकाले यिनको लालन पालन [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर]]को [[थापाथली दरबार]]मा भयो। यिनको कपाल कैलो भएको हुनाले जंगले उनलाई "कैले" भनी बोलाउँथे। यिनको पढाई-लेखाई [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देव शमशेर]], [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|खड्ग शमशेर]] संगै भएको थियो। यिनी पढाईमा कमजोर थिए। उनीहरूले [[कोलकाता]]को डभ्टन कलेजमा पढ्न पाए।<ref>नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ २४४</ref> १९२४ माघ सुदि १० रोज २ मा बनाएको [[राणा वंशको उत्तराधिकारी रोलक्रम|उत्तराधिकारीको रोलक्रम]]मा लेफ्टिनेन्ट [[कर्नल|कर्नेल]] वीर शमशेर सोह्रौ रोलमा थिए। उनी भन्दा अगाडि उनका भतिजाहरू युद्धप्रताप जंग लगायत (जंगबहादुरका नाति) तथा दाइहरू (ठूलो बुबाका छोराहरू) थिए। त्यसकारण शान्तिपुर्ण तरिकाले उनी सत्तामा आउन र प्रधानमन्त्री बन्न यो रोलक्रमको नियम अनुसार सम्भव थिएन।<ref>पूर्णिमा ८७ पूर्णाङ्क २२ वर्ष ३ अङ्क सम्पादक महेशराज पन्त, दिनेशराज पन्त। </ref> श्री ३ जंगले वीर शमशेरको चिना ज्योतिषीलाई देखाउँदा राजयोगको लक्षण देखिँदा उनलाई वीर शमशेरप्रति विशेष भय र शङ्का थियोे। श्री ३ जंग "भैरे([[जगतजङ्ग राणा|जगतजंग]])को टाउको कैलेले खान्छ" भन्ने गर्थे।<ref name="पुरुषोत्तम">{{cite book|last=शम्शेर ज ब राणा|first=पुरुषोत्तम|author-link=पुरुषोत्तम शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा |year=२०४७|title=श्री ३ हरुको तथ्य वृत्तान्त|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|url=https://archive.org/details/gzof-shree-3-haruko-tathya-vrittanta-by-purushottam-sha/page/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A8/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=133}}</ref> त्यसैले १९ वर्ष कटेपछि काठमाडौं बाहिर नै राखे। १९ वर्षको उमेरमा १९२८ मा वीरशमशेर कलकत्तामा वकिल (Diplomatic Envoy) का रूपमा गए। कलकत्ताबाट फर्किएपछि १९३० मा उनलाई पाल्पाको बडाहाकिम बनाएका थिए। == पाल्पा बडाहाकिम == वीर शमशेर पाल्पाको बडाहाकिम भएर काम गरे। वि.सं. १९४१ मा पिता [[धीर शमशेर राणा|धीर शमशेर]]को निधन भएपछि उनी काठमाडौ आएर बसेका थिए। काठमाडौ आएको बेलामा उनका भाइहरूले सत्ता पल्टाउने योजना बनाए। == ४२ सालको पर्व == [[चित्र:Godhaq.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|वीर शमशेरको सालिक]] मुख्य लेख : [[४२ सालको पर्व]] प्रधानमन्त्री [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दीप सिंह]]को समयमा वि.सं. १९४२ मा भारतको तत्कालिन ब्रिटिश ईण्डिया सरकारले [[रावलपिन्डी]]मा आयोजना हुने परेड(क्याम्प अफ एक्सरसाइज)मा सहभागी हुन नेपाललाई समेत निम्तो दियो। यो परेड सन् १९८५ डिसेम्बर २६ देखि १९८६ जनवरी २६ तारिखसम्म (१६ पुस १९४२ देखि १६ माघ १६ सम्म) एक महिना लामो हुँदै थियो । यसमा भारतभरका सैनिक पल्टन, घोडचढी सैनिक, विभिन्न रेजिमेन्टसहित गरेर १४ घोडचढी सैनिक पल्टन, २६ पैदल रेजिमेन्टसहित ७ हजार सैनिक र २५ हजार आमन्त्रित सैनिकहरू जम्मा भएका थिए । त्यसको जिम्मेवारी वीर शमशेरलाई दिइएको थियो। वीर शमशेरले आफूसँग रहेका सैनिकहरूको र भाइहरूको साथमा फाइदा उठाई काका [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दीप सिंह]]को हत्या गरे। जंगबहादुरको छोरा [[जगतजङ्ग राणा]] र नाति युद्धप्रताप जंग (नाति जर्नेल ) को समेत हत्या गरियो। === खड्गशमशेरद्वारा कु प्रयास === [[धीर शमशेर राणा|धीर शमशेर]]का १७ भाइ छोरामध्येका वीर शमशेरको प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|खड्ग शमशेर]] कमाण्ड ईन चिफ तोकिए । खड्ग शमशेर महत्वाकांक्षी स्वभावका थिए । उनमा प्रधानमन्त्री हुन प्रतीक्षा गर्ने धैर्य भएन । उनले दाइ वीरको सुझाव विपरित प्रशासन चलाउन थाले । प्रतिकृयाम, वीर शमशेरले खड्गका कर्मचारीहरू बर्खास्त गरिदिए । यसबाट खड्ग झनै रिसाए । खड्गले कर्नेल शेर शमशेरको ब्रतबन्धको पूर्व सन्ध्यामा १९४३ फागुनको मध्यमा वीर शमशेर विरुद्ध योजना गरे । उनलाई योजनामा कमान्डिङ जनरल [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शमशेर]] र कान्छ राजमाता विष्णु दिव्यस्वरीले पनि साथ दिएका थिए । {{sfn|Acharya|2019|p=283}} अठार महिनापछि उनी पदच्यूत गरिए । वि स निर्वासित जीवन जिउन पाल्पा झरे । पछि उनलाई वि.सं. १९४५ मा पश्चिम नेपालको [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]], [[कपिलवस्तु जिल्ला|कपिलवस्तु]], [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ]] र पर्वतको जिम्मेवारीका साथ [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को गौंडामा पश्चिम कमाण्डरको पुनः जिम्मा दिइयो । सोहीबेला वि.सं. १९४९ मा रानी तेजकुमारीको कालगतिले मृत्यु भयो । मृत्युको अन्तिम क्षणमा खड्ग शमशेरले रानीलाई उनको सम्झनामा भारतको आग्रा जस्तै ताजमहल निर्माण गरी स्मृतिलाई ताजै राख्ने वचन दिएका रहेछन् । वचन अनुसार उनले बेलायतबाट इन्जिनियर झिकाएर रानीमहल निर्माण गर्न लगाए । त्यसरी निर्माण भयो ‘[[रानीमहल]]’ अर्थात् नेपाली ताजमहल । == कार्यहरु == * उनले भादगाँउ र काठमाडौँमा वीरधाराको व्यवस्था, पुलहरूको निर्माण, [[वीर अस्पताल]] (वि.स.१९४७), [[वीर पुस्तकालय]]को स्थापना, [[घण्टाघर (काठमाडौँ)|घण्टाघर]]को निर्माण आदी गरेका थिए। वीरशमशेरले त्यतिबेला काठमाडौँमा मात्र नभई तराईका जिल्लामा पनि आफ्नै नामबाट थप ४ वटा अस्पताल खोलेका थिए। काठमाडौँको एक र तराईका चारसहित सबै अस्पतालमा उपचार, औषधिसँगै खानबस्न निःशुल्क थियो। सबै खर्च सरकारले व्यहोरेकाले सेवाग्राही जनताको एक पैसा पनि खर्च हुँदैनथ्यो। शुद्ध खानेपानी र अस्पतालको व्यवस्था गरेर वीरशमशेरले विदेशमा समेत प्रसिद्धि कमाएका थिए। अस्पताल स्थापनालाई नेपालस्थित ब्रिटिस रेजिडेन्ट, ब्रिटिस गभर्मेन्ट र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय जगतले  जनस्वास्थ्यका क्षेत्रमा भएको उल्लेख उपलब्धिका रूपमा चित्रण गरेको थियो। वीर अस्पताल स्थापना गरेर सरकारले कल्याणकारी काम गरेको उनीहरूको  टिप्पणी थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://himalpress.com/2023/07/78044/|title=‘रैतीले साह्रै दुःख पाउँदा’ खुलेको वीर अस्पताल|last=खडेरी|first=सन्तोष|date=१३ साउन २०८०|work=himalpress|access-date=१३ साउन २०८०}}</ref> * उनले नेपाललाई ३५ जिल्लामा विभाजित गरे । जुन वि.सं २०१८ साल सम्म यथावत् थियो। प्रसाशन यन्त्रलाई सर्वसुलभ बनाइने उद्देश्यले वीर शमशेरको पालामा वि.सं. १९५२ मा नेपाललाई ३५ जिल्लामा विभाजन गरिएको थियो। त्यतिखेर काठमाडौँ उपत्यका भित्रका जिल्लाहरूलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत राखिएको थियो भने पहाडी इलाकालाई तहसिल र तराई इलाकालाई जिल्ला भन्ने प्रचलन थियो। पहाडी इलाका तहसिल भित्र ससाना धेरै जिल्ला हुन्थे। <ref>सतिश कुमार, राणा पोलिटी इन नेपाल: ओरिजिन एण्ड ग्रोथ, बम्बई : एसिया पब्लिशिङ हाउस, सन् १९६७, पृ. १०८ ।</ref> * प्रसाशनलाई चुस्त दुरुस्त राख्न प्रत्येक जिल्लामा बडाहाकिमको दरबन्दी र बडाहाकिमले [[दौडाहा]] जाने प्रचलन यिनले सुरु गरे। * काठमाडौँ उपत्यका मा खानेपानीको व्यवस्था सुधार गर्न वीर धाराको निर्माण, महाराजगंजमा पानीपोखरीको निर्माण यिनकै शासन कालमा भएको थियो। "वीरधाराको पानी खाए [[हैजा]] भाग्छ" भन्ने भनाइ प्रचलित भएको थियो । त्यसअघि दूषित खानीपानीका कारण देखिने गरेका झाडापखाला र हैजाजस्ता संक्रमण बन्द भएको समाचार त्यतिबेला ब्रिटिस मेडिकल जर्नलमा समेत छापिएको थियो।<ref>''ब्रिटिस मेडिकल जर्नलको ५ अक्टोबर १८९५  अंक''</ref> * यिनले [[दरबार हाई स्कुल|दरबार हाइ स्कुल]]को आधुनिक भवन निर्माण गरे र सर्वसाधारणका छोरा छोरीले समेत अध्धयन गर्न पाउने व्यवस्था सुरु गरे। * देशको हित तथा राम्रो काम गर्नेलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्न उनले [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]]- नेपालको पहिलो विभूषणको स्थापना गरे। *वि.सं. १९४४ असार १४ गते श्री ३ महाराज [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीरशमशेर जबरा]]ले देशका विभिन्न स्थानमा तैनाथ गढी–गौँडाका हाकीमहरूलाई [[सती प्रथा|सती]] पठाउनपूर्व अनिवार्यतः स्वीकृति लिनैपर्ने, पठाइंदा नारीको स्वीकृति चाहिने, छोराछोरी हुर्केका हुनुपर्ने, गर्भवती हुन नहुने लगायतका कडा नियम तर्जुमा गरी कार्यान्वयन गर्न लिखित निर्देशन दिएका थिए। ==परराष्ट्र नीति== === १९५३ को सम्झौता === वीरशमशेरले १९५३ मा अङ्ग्रेजसँग सम्झौता गरेपछि दक्षिण ब्रिटिस भारतबाट पनि नुन आउने बाटो खुलेको हो । त्यस भन्दा अघि नेपालमा नुनको स्रोत भनेकै  भोट (तिब्बत) थियो ।<ref>[http://himalkhabar.com/news/10398 कुतीमा सटही बेपार]</ref><ref>[https://ratopati.com/story/74108 तानाशाह थिएनन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]</ref> == आदर्श == [[माथवरसिंह थापा|माथवर सिंह थापा]]ले [[भीमसेन थापा]]लाई आदर्श व्यक्ति माने झैँ, यिनले पनि [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर]]लाई आदर्श व्यक्ति मान्थे र उनको झैँ अनुशरण गर्थे । यिनी कम बोल्थे र बोलेका कुरा पुरा गरेरै छोड्थे ।<ref name=":0" /> == निर्माण गरेका दरबारहरु /भवन == # [[जावलाखेल दरबार]] वि.सं. १९४५ # [[लाल दरबार]] वि.सं. १९४७ # [[सेतो दरबार]] वि.सं. १९४२ # [[फोहोरा दरबार]] वि.सं. १९५२ # [[बहादुर भवन]] / [[बहादुर भवन|चार बुर्जा दरबार]] वि.सं. १९५४ # [[केशरमहल|केशर महल]] वि.सं. १९५२ # [[नारायणहिटी दरबार सङ्ग्रहालय|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]] # हीरापुर दरबार # [[आनन्द निकेतन]] # तोरण दरबार # [[दरबार हाई स्कुल]]को भवन == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == [[चित्र:Bir_Shumsher_with_his_youngest_wife.png|left|thumb|वीर शमशेर र तोपकुमारी]] [[चित्र:Bir_Shumsher_with_his_wife_and_sons.png|thumb|[[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]] र पत्नी र छोराहरू]] श्री ३ वीर शमशेरको विवाह श्री ५ [[उपेन्द्रविक्रम शाह|माहिला सहेबज्यू]]की छोरी सँग भएको थियो । उनीबाट [[गेहेन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|गेहेन्द्र शमशे]]र र धर्म शमशेर जन्मेका थिए । पछि वीर समशेरले दाइजोमा आएकी खञ्जनलाई अङ्गीकार गरी श्री ३ कान्छी महारानी घोषित गरी नाउँ तोपकुमारी राखिदिए । उनीतिरबाट चक्र शमशेर, [[रुद्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|रुद्र शमशेर]], तेज शमशेर र प्रताप शमशेर जन्मेका थिए ।<ref>नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ २४६</ref> वीर शमशेरले जेठी पत्नीलाई माया नगर्ने हुँदा नजरबन्दमा राखेका थिए। गेहेन्द्र शमशेरले वैज्ञानिक तरक्की गरेर बाबुलाई खुसी पारे। त्यहीँ खुसीयालीमा "के माग्छस् दिन्छु" भन्दा गेहेन्द्रले "मेरी मामुलाई नजरबन्दबाट मुक्त गरिपाऊँ" भनी मुक्त गराए। <ref name=":0">[[राजाराम सुवेदी]], नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास (काठमाडौँ: साझा प्रकाशन २०६१ फागुन ) पृष्ठ २४६ ।</ref> == सम्मान तथा उपाधी == * [[अर्डर अफ द स्टार अफ इन्डिया]], [[अर्डर अफ द स्टार अफ इन्डिया|जिसिएसआई]] * '''थोङ लिन् पिम्मा कोकाङ वाङ स्यान''' ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दिप सिँह बहादुर राणा]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=सन् १८८५–१९०१}} {{s-aft|after=[[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]}} {{s-end}} {{नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राणा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राणा शासन]] [[श्रेणी:वीरशमशेर खलक]] [[श्रेणी:पाल्पाका बडाहाकिमहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पदमा रहँदा नै मृत्यु हुने व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] [[श्रेणी:१९औँ शताब्दीका नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] htsw62ew23eghv70zjkphd17ql8c4oc 1368365 1368364 2026-08-03T14:39:45Z NeoEditor 77577 /* प्रारम्भिक जीवन */ 1368365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | birthname = वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा | image = Prime Minister Bir Shumsher Sitting (cropped).png | order = | office = [[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|११ औँ प्रधानमन्त्री (नेपाल)]] | term_start = वि.सं. १९४२ मंसिर ०८<ref>मुलुकी ऐन परिशिष्ट (ङ)</ref> | term_end = वि.सं. १९५७ फल्गुण २३ | predecessor = [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दिप सिँह बहादुर राणा]] | successor = [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देव शमशेर]] | office1 = पाल्पाको बडाहाकिम | term_start1 = १९३१ | term_end1 = १९३६ | predecessor1 = [[बद्री नरसिंह राणा|बद्रीनरसिंह राणा]] | successor1 = भूपेन्द्रजङ्ग राणा | birth_date = वि.सं. १९०९ मंसिर २६ | birth_place = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य]] | death_date = वि.सं. १९५७ फल्गुण २३ (४८ वर्ष) | death_place = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य]] }} '''वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा''' नेपालका [[राणा शासन]]का सातौँ तथा नेपालका ११ औँ प्रधानमन्त्री थिए। यिनी [[धीर शमशेर राणा|धीर शमशेर]]का जेठा छोरा थिए। उनलाई उनले गरेका महत्त्वपूर्ण सुधार र निर्माण गरेका दरबारहरूको कारणले चिनिन्छ। वीर शमशेरका १७ जना भाइहरूलाई शमशेर खलक भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो। उनीहरूले जङ्ग र नरसिंह खलकलाई हत्या र निर्वासित गरी नपाउने शक्ति हत्याएका थिए। यिनी १९४२ मा [[४२ सालको पर्व]] मच्चाएर, आफ्नै बडा बा [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|श्री ३ रणोद्धिप]]को षड्यन्त्रपूर्वक हत्या गरी श्री ३ को पदमा विराजमान भएका थिए। रणोद्धिपको हत्याको लागि [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|खडग शमशेर ज.ब.रा]]. ले विशेष सहयोग गरेका थिए । उनले भादगाँउ र काठमाडौँमा वीरधाराको व्यवस्था, पुलहरूको निर्माण, [[वीर अस्पताल]] (वि.स.१९४७), [[वीर पुस्तकालय]]को स्थापना, [[घण्टाघर (काठमाडौँ)|घण्टाघर]]को निर्माण आदी गरेका थिए । == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == यिनको जन्म १९१० मा भएको थियो । (सम्पादन मण्डलले उनको जन्म १९०९ मार्ग २७ गते शुक्रबार भएको कुरा लेखेको छ।) टुँडिखेलमा रहेको उनको सालिक अनुसार उनको जन्म मिति सम्वत १९०९ साके १७७४ मार्ग २१ गते मार्ग कृष्ण ३० शुक्रबार तदनुसार १० डिसेम्बर १९५२ ई. रहेको छ। यिनको जन्म हुँदा यिनको आमा चन्द्रकुमारी बस्न्यात ([[पहलमान सिंह बस्नेत]] कि छोरी/ काजी ललितमानसिंह बस्न्यातकी बहिनी) सुत्केरी अवस्थामा नै मृत्यु भयो र आठ वर्ष सम्म बाबुसंग बस्न नहुने भएकाले यिनको लालन पालन [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर]]को [[थापाथली दरबार]]मा भयो। यिनको कपाल कैलो भएको हुनाले जंगले उनलाई "कैले" भनी बोलाउँथे। यिनको पढाई-लेखाई [[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|देव शमशेर]], [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|खड्ग शमशेर]] संगै भएको थियो। यिनी पढाईमा कमजोर थिए। उनीहरूले [[कोलकाता]]को डभ्टन कलेजमा पढ्न पाए।<ref>नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ २४४</ref> १९२४ माघ सुदि १० रोज २ मा बनाएको [[राणा वंशको उत्तराधिकारी रोलक्रम|उत्तराधिकारीको रोलक्रम]]मा लेफ्टिनेन्ट [[कर्नल|कर्नेल]] वीर शमशेर सोह्रौ रोलमा थिए। उनी भन्दा अगाडि उनका भतिजाहरू युद्धप्रताप जंग लगायत (जंगबहादुरका नाति) तथा दाइहरू (ठूलो बुबाका छोराहरू) थिए। त्यसकारण शान्तिपुर्ण तरिकाले उनी सत्तामा आउन र प्रधानमन्त्री बन्न यो रोलक्रमको नियम अनुसार सम्भव थिएन।<ref>पूर्णिमा ८७ पूर्णाङ्क २२ वर्ष ३ अङ्क सम्पादक महेशराज पन्त, दिनेशराज पन्त। </ref> श्री ३ जंगले वीर शमशेरको चिना ज्योतिषीलाई देखाउँदा राजयोगको लक्षण देखिँदा उनलाई वीर शमशेरप्रति विशेष भय र शङ्का थियोे। श्री ३ जंग "भैरे([[जगतजङ्ग राणा|जगतजंग]])को टाउको कैलेले खान्छ" भन्ने गर्थे।<ref name="पुरुषोत्तम">{{cite book|last=शम्शेर ज ब राणा|first=पुरुषोत्तम|author-link=पुरुषोत्तम शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा |year=२०४७|title=श्री ३ हरुको तथ्य वृत्तान्त|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|url=https://archive.org/details/gzof-shree-3-haruko-tathya-vrittanta-by-purushottam-sha/page/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A8/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=133}}</ref> त्यसैले १९ वर्ष कटेपछि काठमाडौं बाहिर नै राखे। १९ वर्षको उमेरमा १९२८ मा वीरशमशेर कलकत्तामा वकिल (Diplomatic Envoy) का रूपमा गए। कलकत्ताबाट फर्किएपछि १९३० मा उनलाई पाल्पाको बडाहाकिम बनाएका थिए। == पाल्पा बडाहाकिम == वीर शमशेर पाल्पाको बडाहाकिम भएर काम गरे। वि.सं. १९४१ मा पिता [[धीर शमशेर राणा|धीर शमशेर]]को निधन भएपछि उनी काठमाडौ आएर बसेका थिए। काठमाडौ आएको बेलामा उनका भाइहरूले सत्ता पल्टाउने योजना बनाए। == ४२ सालको पर्व == [[चित्र:Godhaq.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|वीर शमशेरको सालिक]] मुख्य लेख : [[४२ सालको पर्व]] प्रधानमन्त्री [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दीप सिंह]]को समयमा वि.सं. १९४२ मा भारतको तत्कालिन ब्रिटिश ईण्डिया सरकारले [[रावलपिन्डी]]मा आयोजना हुने परेड(क्याम्प अफ एक्सरसाइज)मा सहभागी हुन नेपाललाई समेत निम्तो दियो। यो परेड सन् १९८५ डिसेम्बर २६ देखि १९८६ जनवरी २६ तारिखसम्म (१६ पुस १९४२ देखि १६ माघ १६ सम्म) एक महिना लामो हुँदै थियो । यसमा भारतभरका सैनिक पल्टन, घोडचढी सैनिक, विभिन्न रेजिमेन्टसहित गरेर १४ घोडचढी सैनिक पल्टन, २६ पैदल रेजिमेन्टसहित ७ हजार सैनिक र २५ हजार आमन्त्रित सैनिकहरू जम्मा भएका थिए । त्यसको जिम्मेवारी वीर शमशेरलाई दिइएको थियो। वीर शमशेरले आफूसँग रहेका सैनिकहरूको र भाइहरूको साथमा फाइदा उठाई काका [[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दीप सिंह]]को हत्या गरे। जंगबहादुरको छोरा [[जगतजङ्ग राणा]] र नाति युद्धप्रताप जंग (नाति जर्नेल ) को समेत हत्या गरियो। === खड्गशमशेरद्वारा कु प्रयास === [[धीर शमशेर राणा|धीर शमशेर]]का १७ भाइ छोरामध्येका वीर शमशेरको प्रधानमन्त्रीत्वकालमा [[खड्ग शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|खड्ग शमशेर]] कमाण्ड ईन चिफ तोकिए । खड्ग शमशेर महत्वाकांक्षी स्वभावका थिए । उनमा प्रधानमन्त्री हुन प्रतीक्षा गर्ने धैर्य भएन । उनले दाइ वीरको सुझाव विपरित प्रशासन चलाउन थाले । प्रतिकृयाम, वीर शमशेरले खड्गका कर्मचारीहरू बर्खास्त गरिदिए । यसबाट खड्ग झनै रिसाए । खड्गले कर्नेल शेर शमशेरको ब्रतबन्धको पूर्व सन्ध्यामा १९४३ फागुनको मध्यमा वीर शमशेर विरुद्ध योजना गरे । उनलाई योजनामा कमान्डिङ जनरल [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शमशेर]] र कान्छ राजमाता विष्णु दिव्यस्वरीले पनि साथ दिएका थिए । {{sfn|Acharya|2019|p=283}} अठार महिनापछि उनी पदच्यूत गरिए । वि स निर्वासित जीवन जिउन पाल्पा झरे । पछि उनलाई वि.सं. १९४५ मा पश्चिम नेपालको [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रुपन्देही]], [[कपिलवस्तु जिल्ला|कपिलवस्तु]], [[बागलुङ जिल्ला|बाग्लुङ]] र पर्वतको जिम्मेवारीका साथ [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को गौंडामा पश्चिम कमाण्डरको पुनः जिम्मा दिइयो । सोहीबेला वि.सं. १९४९ मा रानी तेजकुमारीको कालगतिले मृत्यु भयो । मृत्युको अन्तिम क्षणमा खड्ग शमशेरले रानीलाई उनको सम्झनामा भारतको आग्रा जस्तै ताजमहल निर्माण गरी स्मृतिलाई ताजै राख्ने वचन दिएका रहेछन् । वचन अनुसार उनले बेलायतबाट इन्जिनियर झिकाएर रानीमहल निर्माण गर्न लगाए । त्यसरी निर्माण भयो ‘[[रानीमहल]]’ अर्थात् नेपाली ताजमहल । == कार्यहरु == * उनले भादगाँउ र काठमाडौँमा वीरधाराको व्यवस्था, पुलहरूको निर्माण, [[वीर अस्पताल]] (वि.स.१९४७), [[वीर पुस्तकालय]]को स्थापना, [[घण्टाघर (काठमाडौँ)|घण्टाघर]]को निर्माण आदी गरेका थिए। वीरशमशेरले त्यतिबेला काठमाडौँमा मात्र नभई तराईका जिल्लामा पनि आफ्नै नामबाट थप ४ वटा अस्पताल खोलेका थिए। काठमाडौँको एक र तराईका चारसहित सबै अस्पतालमा उपचार, औषधिसँगै खानबस्न निःशुल्क थियो। सबै खर्च सरकारले व्यहोरेकाले सेवाग्राही जनताको एक पैसा पनि खर्च हुँदैनथ्यो। शुद्ध खानेपानी र अस्पतालको व्यवस्था गरेर वीरशमशेरले विदेशमा समेत प्रसिद्धि कमाएका थिए। अस्पताल स्थापनालाई नेपालस्थित ब्रिटिस रेजिडेन्ट, ब्रिटिस गभर्मेन्ट र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय जगतले  जनस्वास्थ्यका क्षेत्रमा भएको उल्लेख उपलब्धिका रूपमा चित्रण गरेको थियो। वीर अस्पताल स्थापना गरेर सरकारले कल्याणकारी काम गरेको उनीहरूको  टिप्पणी थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://himalpress.com/2023/07/78044/|title=‘रैतीले साह्रै दुःख पाउँदा’ खुलेको वीर अस्पताल|last=खडेरी|first=सन्तोष|date=१३ साउन २०८०|work=himalpress|access-date=१३ साउन २०८०}}</ref> * उनले नेपाललाई ३५ जिल्लामा विभाजित गरे । जुन वि.सं २०१८ साल सम्म यथावत् थियो। प्रसाशन यन्त्रलाई सर्वसुलभ बनाइने उद्देश्यले वीर शमशेरको पालामा वि.सं. १९५२ मा नेपाललाई ३५ जिल्लामा विभाजन गरिएको थियो। त्यतिखेर काठमाडौँ उपत्यका भित्रका जिल्लाहरूलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत राखिएको थियो भने पहाडी इलाकालाई तहसिल र तराई इलाकालाई जिल्ला भन्ने प्रचलन थियो। पहाडी इलाका तहसिल भित्र ससाना धेरै जिल्ला हुन्थे। <ref>सतिश कुमार, राणा पोलिटी इन नेपाल: ओरिजिन एण्ड ग्रोथ, बम्बई : एसिया पब्लिशिङ हाउस, सन् १९६७, पृ. १०८ ।</ref> * प्रसाशनलाई चुस्त दुरुस्त राख्न प्रत्येक जिल्लामा बडाहाकिमको दरबन्दी र बडाहाकिमले [[दौडाहा]] जाने प्रचलन यिनले सुरु गरे। * काठमाडौँ उपत्यका मा खानेपानीको व्यवस्था सुधार गर्न वीर धाराको निर्माण, महाराजगंजमा पानीपोखरीको निर्माण यिनकै शासन कालमा भएको थियो। "वीरधाराको पानी खाए [[हैजा]] भाग्छ" भन्ने भनाइ प्रचलित भएको थियो । त्यसअघि दूषित खानीपानीका कारण देखिने गरेका झाडापखाला र हैजाजस्ता संक्रमण बन्द भएको समाचार त्यतिबेला ब्रिटिस मेडिकल जर्नलमा समेत छापिएको थियो।<ref>''ब्रिटिस मेडिकल जर्नलको ५ अक्टोबर १८९५  अंक''</ref> * यिनले [[दरबार हाई स्कुल|दरबार हाइ स्कुल]]को आधुनिक भवन निर्माण गरे र सर्वसाधारणका छोरा छोरीले समेत अध्धयन गर्न पाउने व्यवस्था सुरु गरे। * देशको हित तथा राम्रो काम गर्नेलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्न उनले [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]]- नेपालको पहिलो विभूषणको स्थापना गरे। *वि.सं. १९४४ असार १४ गते श्री ३ महाराज [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीरशमशेर जबरा]]ले देशका विभिन्न स्थानमा तैनाथ गढी–गौँडाका हाकीमहरूलाई [[सती प्रथा|सती]] पठाउनपूर्व अनिवार्यतः स्वीकृति लिनैपर्ने, पठाइंदा नारीको स्वीकृति चाहिने, छोराछोरी हुर्केका हुनुपर्ने, गर्भवती हुन नहुने लगायतका कडा नियम तर्जुमा गरी कार्यान्वयन गर्न लिखित निर्देशन दिएका थिए। ==परराष्ट्र नीति== === १९५३ को सम्झौता === वीरशमशेरले १९५३ मा अङ्ग्रेजसँग सम्झौता गरेपछि दक्षिण ब्रिटिस भारतबाट पनि नुन आउने बाटो खुलेको हो । त्यस भन्दा अघि नेपालमा नुनको स्रोत भनेकै  भोट (तिब्बत) थियो ।<ref>[http://himalkhabar.com/news/10398 कुतीमा सटही बेपार]</ref><ref>[https://ratopati.com/story/74108 तानाशाह थिएनन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]</ref> == आदर्श == [[माथवरसिंह थापा|माथवर सिंह थापा]]ले [[भीमसेन थापा]]लाई आदर्श व्यक्ति माने झैँ, यिनले पनि [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर]]लाई आदर्श व्यक्ति मान्थे र उनको झैँ अनुशरण गर्थे । यिनी कम बोल्थे र बोलेका कुरा पुरा गरेरै छोड्थे ।<ref name=":0" /> == निर्माण गरेका दरबारहरु /भवन == # [[जावलाखेल दरबार]] वि.सं. १९४५ # [[लाल दरबार]] वि.सं. १९४७ # [[सेतो दरबार]] वि.सं. १९४२ # [[फोहोरा दरबार]] वि.सं. १९५२ # [[बहादुर भवन]] / [[बहादुर भवन|चार बुर्जा दरबार]] वि.सं. १९५४ # [[केशरमहल|केशर महल]] वि.सं. १९५२ # [[नारायणहिटी दरबार सङ्ग्रहालय|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]] # हीरापुर दरबार # [[आनन्द निकेतन]] # तोरण दरबार # [[दरबार हाई स्कुल]]को भवन == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == [[चित्र:Bir_Shumsher_with_his_youngest_wife.png|left|thumb|वीर शमशेर र तोपकुमारी]] [[चित्र:Bir_Shumsher_with_his_wife_and_sons.png|thumb|[[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]] र पत्नी र छोराहरू]] श्री ३ वीर शमशेरको विवाह श्री ५ [[उपेन्द्रविक्रम शाह|माहिला सहेबज्यू]]की छोरी सँग भएको थियो । उनीबाट [[गेहेन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|गेहेन्द्र शमशे]]र र धर्म शमशेर जन्मेका थिए । पछि वीर समशेरले दाइजोमा आएकी खञ्जनलाई अङ्गीकार गरी श्री ३ कान्छी महारानी घोषित गरी नाउँ तोपकुमारी राखिदिए । उनीतिरबाट चक्र शमशेर, [[रुद्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|रुद्र शमशेर]], तेज शमशेर र प्रताप शमशेर जन्मेका थिए ।<ref>नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ २४६</ref> वीर शमशेरले जेठी पत्नीलाई माया नगर्ने हुँदा नजरबन्दमा राखेका थिए। गेहेन्द्र शमशेरले वैज्ञानिक तरक्की गरेर बाबुलाई खुसी पारे। त्यहीँ खुसीयालीमा "के माग्छस् दिन्छु" भन्दा गेहेन्द्रले "मेरी मामुलाई नजरबन्दबाट मुक्त गरिपाऊँ" भनी मुक्त गराए। <ref name=":0">[[राजाराम सुवेदी]], नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास (काठमाडौँ: साझा प्रकाशन २०६१ फागुन ) पृष्ठ २४६ ।</ref> == सम्मान तथा उपाधी == * [[अर्डर अफ द स्टार अफ इन्डिया]], [[अर्डर अफ द स्टार अफ इन्डिया|जिसिएसआई]] * '''थोङ लिन् पिम्मा कोकाङ वाङ स्यान''' ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[रणोद्दीपसिंह कुँवर|रणोद्दिप सिँह बहादुर राणा]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]]|years=सन् १८८५–१९०१}} {{s-aft|after=[[देव शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]}} {{s-end}} {{नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राणा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राणा शासन]] [[श्रेणी:वीरशमशेर खलक]] [[श्रेणी:पाल्पाका बडाहाकिमहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पदमा रहँदा नै मृत्यु हुने व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] [[श्रेणी:१९औँ शताब्दीका नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] 6k10tsha2fmwel403zimuobwpsd4p4o 0 48563 1368372 1368111 2026-08-03T15:44:06Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = पापड | image = Roasted Papad - Howrah 2013-11-02 4068.jpg | caption = आगोमा सेकिएको ''पापड'' | alternate_name = {{hlist|पापडम|पोप्पाडम|पापर}} | creator = | course = खाजा वा सहायक परिकार | served = | main_ingredient = {{hlist|[[दाल]]को पिठो|[[मास|कालो मास]]|[[चना]]|[[आलु]]|[[साबुदाना]]|[[चामल]]}} | variations = {{hlist|चामलको पापड|ट्यापिओका पापड|साबुदानाको पापड|आलुको पापड|मसला पापड|लसुन पापड|अदुवाको पापड|कटहरको पापड|खुर्सानी पापड}} | calories = | other = }} '''पापड''' [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]मा उत्पत्ति भएको एक प्रकारको खाजा हो। [[मास|कालो मास]]को पिठोबाट बनाइएको आटोलाई गहिरो तेलमा तारिन्छ वा सुक्खा तापमा (खुला आगोको ज्वालामाथि फर्काउँदै) पकाइन्छ, जसले यसलाई कुरकुरे बनाउँछ। [[दाल]], [[चना]], [[चामल]], ट्यापिओका, [[कोदो]] वा [[आलु]]बाट बनाइने अन्य प्रकारका पिठोहरू पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। पापड प्रायः [[भारत]], [[पाकिस्तान]], [[बङ्गलादेश]], [[नेपाल]], [[श्रीलङ्का]] तथा [[क्यारिबियन]] क्षेत्रका देशहरूमा मुख्य भोजनसँगै सहायक परिकारका रूपमा वा सुरुआती खाजाको रूपमा परोसिन्छ। यसलाई प्रायः [[चटनी]]जस्ता डिपहरूसँग वा काटिएको प्याज र खुर्सानीजस्ता टपिङहरू राखेर खाने गरिन्छ। == व्युत्पत्ति == ''पापडम'' शब्द [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] {{lang|ta|பப்படம்}} ({{IAST|pappaṭam}}) बाट आएको [[ऋणशब्द]] हो।<ref>"poppadom, ''n.''" ''OED Online''. December 2006. [[Oxford University Press]].<http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147794?redirectedFrom=poppadum#>.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ |title=Digital Dictionaries of South Asia |publisher=[[University of Chicago]] |date=1962 }}</ref> यसको अन्तिम उत्पत्ति सम्भवतः [[संस्कृत]] {{lang|sa|पर्पट}} ({{IAST|parpaṭa}}) बाट भएको मानिन्छ, जुन [[प्राकृत]] भाषाहरूबाट सापट लिइएको शब्द हो। यसले प्रारम्भिक जैन तथा बौद्ध साहित्यमा वर्णन गरिएको च्यापिएको गोलाकार परिकारलाई जनाउँछ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Poppadom - Definition and synonyms of poppadom in the English dictionary |url=https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/poppadom |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=educalingo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lip-Smacking Ways to Use Papad: From Masala Papad to Rolls and Chaats |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/lip-smacking-ways-to-use-papad-from-masala-papad-to-rolls-and-chaats-1731969 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=NDTV Food |quote=According to food historian and author KT Achaya, "The parpata (papad) is first mentioned in about 500BC in Buddhist-Jain canonical literature, and the medical authorities note that they are made from pulses like urad, masoor, chana and the like." }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> यो शब्द आफैँ पनि द्रविड भाषाको {{IAST|parpu aṭṭu}} ("दालबाट बनेको चप्टो परिकार") बाट व्युत्पन्न भएको हुन सक्ने मानिन्छ। यसका अन्य रूपहरूमा हिन्दीको ''पापड़'' र कन्नडको ''हप्पळ'' पर्छन्। ==क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताहरू== [[File:RollednRoastedPapads.jpg|thumb|[[बेङ्गलोर]]को [[कटहर]]बाट बनाइएको पापड]] [[File:Different Papad - Kolkata 2015-10-21 6134.JPG|thumb|बिक्रीका लागि राखिएका पापडका विभिन्न प्रकार]] पापड बनाउने विधि क्षेत्रअनुसार तथा घरपरिवारअनुसार फरक हुन्छ। यो सामान्यतया दाल, चना, कालो मास, चामल वा आलुबाट तयार गरिएको पिठो वा लेदोबाट बनाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aoyagi |first=William Shurtleff; Akiko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1-IDwAAQBAJ&dq=papadam+history&pg=PA2098 |title=History of Soy Flour, Flakes and Grits (510 CE to 2019): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook |date=2019-02-17 |publisher=Soyinfo Center |isbn=978-1-948436-06-9 |pages=814}}</ref> आटा तयार गर्न त्यसमा [[नुन]] र बदामको तेल मिसाइन्छ, जसमा [[खुर्सानी]], [[जीरा]], [[लसुन]] वा [[कालो मरिच]]जस्ता मसलाहरू पनि स्वादका लागि थप्न सकिन्छ। कहिलेकाहीँ त्यसमा खाने सोडा वा [[चुन]] पनि मिसाइन्छ। त्यसपछि आटालाई पातलो, गोलाकार आकारमा बेलेर (परम्परागत रूपमा घाममा सुकाएर<ref>{{Cite book |last=B.Gangwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-UxFp6cFRwC&dq=papadam+sun&pg=PA197 |title=Solving The Pulses Crisis |date=2013-01-21 |publisher=New India Publishing Agency |isbn=978-93-81450-48-2 |pages=197 |language=en}}</ref>) आवश्यक बनावटअनुसार गहिरो तेलमा तरेर, खुला [[आगो]]मा सेकाएर, टोस्ट गरेर वा माइक्रोवेभमा पकाइन्छ। विश्वभरका अधिकांश भारतीय रेस्टुरेन्टहरूमा पापडलाई विभिन्न डिपहरूसँग भोक बढाउने परिकारका रूपमा पस्किने गरिन्छ। ती डिपहरूमा प्रायः आँपको चटनी, [[अचार|कागतीको अचार]], प्याजको चटनी र [[राइतो|रायता]] पर्छन्। सेव, प्याज, टमाटर र धनियाका पातले सजाइएको मसला पापड भारतका सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय भोक बढाउने परिकारहरूमध्ये एक हो। === कप्पा पापडम === कप्पा पापडम दक्षिण भारतीय राज्य [[केरल]]को पापडको एक प्रकार हो। यसको नाम यसको मुख्य सामग्री [[ट्यापिओका]]बाट आएको हो, जसलाई [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]]मा "कप्पा" भनिन्छ।<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/food/recipe/2020/06/03/crispy-kappa-pappadam-recipe.html|title=Crispy Kappa Pappadam|publisher=Manorama Online|date=3 June 2020|access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> यसलाई मरचेनी, चीनी पापडम (वा अप्पलम्) तथा कसावा पापड भनेर पनि चिनिन्छ। यसको मुख्य सामग्री ट्यापिओकामा रातो खुर्सानी, मरिच, नुन, जीरा र [[हिङ]] मिसाइन्छ। रातो खुर्सानीकै कारण कप्पा पापडमको विशेष खैरो–सुन्तलारङ्गी रङ देखिन्छ। केही प्रकारमा भने रातो खुर्सानीको सट्टा हरियो खुर्सानी प्रयोग गरिने भएकाले तिनीहरू सेतो रङका देखिन्छन्। टापिओकालाई साना टुक्रामा काटेर खुर्सानी, मरिच, जिरा र पानीसँग पिसी मसिनो लेदो बनाइन्छ। त्यसपछि उक्त लेदोमा नुन, हिङ, नरिवलको तेल र थप पानी मिसाई बाक्लो नभएसम्म उमालिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cookwith.whiskaffair.com/kappa-pappadam-tapioca-papad/|title=Kappa Pappadam Recipe, How to make Kappa Pappadam or Tapioca Papad - Cook with Whiskaffair|date=2016-07-12|newspaper=Cook with Whiskaffair|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-08|archive-date=17 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717181246/http://cookwith.whiskaffair.com/kappa-pappadam-tapioca-papad/|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717181246/http://cookwith.whiskaffair.com/kappa-pappadam-tapioca-papad/ |date=2016-07-17 }}</ref> त्यसपछि उक्त लेदोलाई मलमलको कपडा वा प्लास्टिकको पानामाथि गोलाकार रूपमा फैलाएर घाममा सुकाइन्छ। परम्परागत रूपमा पापडम सुकाउन परालको चटाई प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। केही घण्टापछि पापडमलाई कपडा वा पानाबाट सावधानीपूर्वक निकालेर अर्को सतह उल्टाइन्छ। २–३ दिनसम्म राम्रो घाम लागेपछि पापडम कुरकुरा बन्छ, जसले तिनलाई तार्नका लागि तयार भएको सङ्केत गर्छ। सुकाइसकेपछि पापडमलाई गहिरो तेलमा तरेर परोसिन्छ। गहिरो तेलमा तरेका परिकार खान नचाहनेहरूका लागि पापडममा थोरै तेल लगाई एक मिनेट माइक्रोवेभमा पकाउन पनि सकिन्छ। [[फहाद फासिल]] अभिनीत सन् २०१७ को चलचित्र ''कप्पा पापडम''को शीर्षक यस खाजा र त्यससँग सम्बन्धित संस्कृतिलाई सन्दर्भित गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/fahad-in-kappa-pappadam-malayalam-news-100228.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018024040/https://www.indiaglitz.com/fahad-in-kappa-pappadam-malayalam-news-100228.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 October 2021|title=IndiaGlitz - Fahad in Kappa Pappadam - Malayalam Movie News|access-date=2016-10-08}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018024040/https://www.indiaglitz.com/fahad-in-kappa-pappadam-malayalam-news-100228.html |date=2021-10-18 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/kappa-pappadam.html#cast|title=Kappa Pappadam|publisher=FilmiBeat|date=1 November 2021|access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> ==सामग्री र तयारी== पापड विभिन्न सामग्री र विधिबाट तयार गर्न सकिन्छ। एउटा लोकप्रिय विधिमा बोक्रा हटाइएको चिरेको कालो मासबाट तयार गरिएको पिठोलाई<ref name="SmarttNwokolo2012">{{cite book|author1=J. Smartt|author2=Emmanuel Nwokolo|title=Food and Feed from Legumes and Oilseeds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvfSBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4613-0433-3|page=28}}</ref> कालो मरिच, नुन, थोरै मात्रामा वनस्पति तेल र खाद्य-ग्रेड क्षारसँग मिसाइन्छ, त्यसपछि उक्त मिश्रणलाई राम्रोसँग मुछिन्छ। त्यसपछि राम्ररी मुछिएको आटालाई अत्यन्त पातलो गोलाकार आकारमा बेलेर सुकाइन्छ र पछि पकाउन तथा उपभोग गर्नका लागि भण्डारण गरिन्छ। यसको मुख्य सामग्रीका रूपमा [[चामल]], [[कटहर]], [[साबुदाना]] आदि पनि प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। कुटिएको कालो मरिच, रातो खुर्सानीको धुलो, [[हिङ]], जीरा वा [[तिल]]लाई प्रायः स्वादका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। पापड [[चिउरा]], [[कोदो]] (रागी) वा [[गहत]]बाट पनि बनाइन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://udupi-recipes.com/2018/03/poha-papad-rice-flakes-papad.html|title=Poha papad, Rice flakes Papad, Summer Recipe|date=11 March 2018|publisher=Udupi-Recipes|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> ==चित्रावली== <gallery mode=packed> File:Pappadum.tif|पापड File:Rice papad.jpg|चामलको पापड File:Urad Indian Papad.jpg|उडदको पापड File:Roasting Papadums.jpg|आगोमा सेकिएको पापड File:Nepali Khana.jpg|पापडसहितको नेपाली [[थाली]] File:Raw Jack Fruit Papad.jpg|तटीय कर्नाटकको काँचो [[कटहर]]बाट बनाइएको पापड File:Papadum at restaurant Milan Nepal.jpg|फिनल्यान्डस्थित दक्षिण एसियाली शैलीको रेस्टुरेन्टमा भोक बढाउने परिकारका रूपमा [[चटनी]]सँग परोसिएको पापड File:Urad papad, microwaved.jpg|माइक्रोवेभमा पकाइएको उडदको पापडको बनावट </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली खाना]] [[श्रेणी:केरलको खाना]] mp5ckexk3dz1roiesodp8nty1ao4fz4 0 53251 1368397 1368177 2026-08-04T03:31:42Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|पाकिस्तानी राजनीतिज्ञ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = हिना रब्बानी खर | native_name = {{nobold|حنا ربانی کھر}} | image = Hina Rabbani Khar Jan 2023.jpg | caption = सन् २०२३ मा खर | office = [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|विदेश राज्यमन्त्री]] | prime_minister = [[शहबाज सरिफ]] | minister = [[बिलावल भुट्टो जरदारी]] | term_start = १९ अप्रिल २०२२ | term_end = १० अगस्ट २०२३ | predecessor = [[नवाबजादा मलिक अमाद खान]] | succeeded by = | office1 = | prime_minister1 = [[युसुफ रजा गिलानी]] | term_start1 = ११ फेब्रुअरी २०११ | term_end1 = १९ जुलाई २०११ | predecessor1 = [[नवाबजादा मलिक अमाद खान]] | successor1 = [[नवाबजादा मलिक अमाद खान]] | office2 = [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्री]] | prime_minister2 = [[युसुफ रजा गिलानी]]<br />[[राजा पर्वेज अशरफ]] | term_start2 = १९ जुलाई २०११ | term_end2 = १६ मार्च २०१३ | predecessor2 = [[शाह महमूद कुरेशी]] | successor2 = [[मिर हजार खान खोसो]] {{small|(कार्यवाहक)}}<br />[[सरताज अजिज]] {{small|(वास्तविक)}} | office3 = [[वित्त मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|वित्त तथा आर्थिक मामिला राज्यमन्त्री]] | prime_minister3 = [[युसुफ रजा गिलानी]] | term_start3 = २४ मार्च २००८ | term_end3 = ११ फेब्रुअरी २०११ | predecessor3 = अली नजारी | successor3 = दोस्त मोहम्मद मजारी | office4 = [[पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रिय सभा|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] सदस्य | term_start4 = २९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ | term_end4 = | constituency4 = ''महिलाका लागि सुरक्षित सिट'' | term_start5 = १३ अगस्ट २०१८ | term_end5 = १० अगस्ट २०२३ | constituency5 = ''महिलाका लागि सुरक्षित सिट'' | term_start6 = २५ मे २०१३ | term_end6 = २५ मे २०१८ | constituency6 = ''महिलाका लागि सुरक्षित सिट'' | term_start7 = १७ मार्च २००८ | term_end7 = १६ मार्च २०१३ | constituency7 = [[रास-१७७ (मुजफ्फरगढ-२)]] | term_start8 = १६ नोभेम्बर २००२ | term_end8 = १५ नोभेम्बर २००७ | constituency8 = [[एनए-१७७ (मुजफ्फरगढ-२)]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|11|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[मुल्तान]], [[पञ्जाब, पाकिस्तान|पञ्जाब]], [[पाकिस्तान]] | party = {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan People's Party.svg}} [[पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी]] (२००८–हाल) | other_party = [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (कायद)]] (२००२–२००८) | spouse = {{marriage|फिरोज गुलजार|1999}} | children = ३ | education = [[लाहोर युनिभर्सिटी अफ म्यानेजमेन्ट साइन्सेज]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lums.edu.pk/event-detail/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar-to-speak-at-lums-517 |title=Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar to Speak at LUMS |publisher=[[लाहोर युनिभर्सिटी अफ म्यानेजमेन्ट साइन्सेज|LUMS]] |date=30 April 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512203958/http://lums.edu.pk/event-detail/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar-to-speak-at-lums-517 |archive-date=12 May 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512203958/http://lums.edu.pk/event-detail/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar-to-speak-at-lums-517 |date=12 May 2012 }}</ref><br>[[म्यासाचुसेट्स अमहर्स्ट विश्वविद्यालय|युनिभर्सिटी अफ म्यासाचुसेट्स अमहर्स्ट]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://umassalumni.com/profiles/2011/hina_khar.html |title=Alumna to be Pakistan's new Foreign Minister |publisher=[[म्यासाचुसेट्स अमहर्स्ट विश्वविद्यालय]] |access-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019062959/http://umassalumni.com/profiles/2011/hina_khar.html |archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> | father = [[गुलाम नुर रब्बानी खर]] | relatives = [[गुलाम मुस्तफा खर]] (काका)<br />[[आमिना हक]] (काकाकी छोरी) | native_name_lang = ur | honorific_prefix = जिन्दा }} '''हिना रब्बानी खर'''{{efn|[[उर्दू]]: {{Nastaliq|حنا ربانی کھر}}}} (जन्म १९ नोभेम्बर १९७७) एक पाकिस्तानी राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०२२ देखि २०२३ सम्म [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|विदेश राज्यमन्त्री]]का रूपमा सेवा गरेकी थिइन्। यसअघि उनले जुलाई २०११ देखि [[पाकिस्तानका परराष्ट्र मन्त्री|परराष्ट्र मन्त्री]]को रूपमा सेवा गरेकी थिइन् र उनी यो पद सम्हाल्ने पहिलो र एक मात्र महिला हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Hina Rabbani Khar|url = https://www.dawn.com/news/729375/hina-rabbani-khar-2|website = www.dawn.com|date = 25 June 2012|access-date = 22 February 2016|last = Dawn.com}}</ref> उनी सन् २०१८ देखि २०२३ सम्म [[पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रिय सभा|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]को सदस्य थिइन्। खर [[मुजफ्फरगढ]]को एक प्रभावशाली [[पञ्जाब, पाकिस्तान|पञ्जाबी]] सामन्ती परिवारकी सदस्य हुन्। उनले सन् २००२ मा राजनीतिमा प्रवेश गर्नुअघि [[लाहोर युनिभर्सिटी अफ म्यानेजमेन्ट साइन्सेज]] र [[म्यासाचुसेट्स अमहर्स्ट विश्वविद्यालय|युनिभर्सिटी अफ म्यासाचुसेट्स अमहर्स्ट]]मा व्यवसाय विषयको अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्। उनले सन् २००२ मा [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (कायद)]]को प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै [[पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रिय सभा|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] सदस्य भई तत्कालीन [[पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[शौकत अजिज]]को कार्यकालमा आर्थिक नीति हेर्ने मन्त्री बनेकी थिइन्। सन् २००९ मा, दल परिवर्तन गरी [[पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी]]बाट पुनः निर्वाचित भएपछि, उनी [[वित्त मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|वित्त तथा आर्थिक मामिला राज्यमन्त्री]] बनेकी थिइन् र सोही वर्ष राष्ट्रिय बजेट प्रस्तुत गर्ने पहिलो महिला बनेकी थिइन्। उनलाई तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[युसुफ रजा गिलानी]]ले जुलाई २०११ मा [[पाकिस्तानका परराष्ट्र मन्त्री|पाकिस्तानको परराष्ट्र मन्त्री]] नियुक्त गरेका थिए र उनले सन् २०१३ को [[पाकिस्तानको आम निर्वाचन, २०१३|आम निर्वाचन]] भन्दा केही समय अघिसम्म सेवा गर्ददै त्यसपछि उनी सक्रिय राजनीतिबाट पछि हटेकी थिइन्।<ref name=":2" /> उनले भारतसँगको सुदृढ सम्बन्धको पक्षमा लगातार जोड दिँदै आएकी छिन्।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/pakistans-national-identity-is-to-hate-others-hina-rabbani-khar-please-tell-us-something-new-2860106.html|title='Pakistan's national identity is to hate others': Hina Rabbani Khar, please tell us something new - Firstpost|date=28 June 2016|language=en-US|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> उनी हालसम्म पनि पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टीकी सदस्य हुन् र विदेश नीतिका विषयमा वक्ताका रूपमा सक्रिय छिन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Reaffirming loyalties: Hina Rabbani Khar is not joining PTI, says Ghulam Rabbani - The Express Tribune|url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/914467/reaffirming-loyalties-hina-rabbani-khar-is-not-joining-pti-says-ghulam-rabbani/|website = The Express Tribune|date = 3 July 2015|access-date = 22 February 2016|language = en}}</ref> सन् २०१९ सम्म, उनी महिलाका लागि सुरक्षित सिटबाट पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यको रूपमा रहेकी थिइन्।<ref name="PPP"/> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन र परिवार == हिना रब्बानी खरको जन्म १९ नोभेम्बर १९७७ मा<ref name="mofa.gov.pk">{{cite web |title=Hina Rabbari Khar |url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=43&type=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724180308/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=43&type=4 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=1 October 2015 |publisher=[[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय]]}}</ref> [[मुल्तान]], [[पञ्जाब, पाकिस्तान]]मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar |url=http://www.firstpost.com/hina-rabbani-khar/video/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar/3753808q03h1H0MiMB11.html |work=फर्स्टपोस्ट |access-date=29 April 2013 |quote=Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1963 in Multan, Punjab |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019040904/http://www.firstpost.com/hina-rabbani-khar/video/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar/3753808q03h1H0MiMB11.html |archive-date=19 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/25-Feb-2008/electoral-results-by-caste |title=Electoral results by caste |website=Daily Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113937/http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/national/25-Feb-2008/electoral-results-by-caste |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> उनी [[पञ्जाबी जाति|पञ्जाबीहरूको]] खराल जनजातिको खर वंशमा जन्मेकी हुन्। खर शक्तिशाली सामन्त र राजनीतिज्ञ [[गुलाम नुर रब्बानी खर]]की छोरी हुन्।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21578104-wrestlers-son-overthrows-landed-gentry-gone-wind|title=Gone with the wind|newspaper=द इकोनोमिस्ट|issn=0013-0613|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> उनका बुबा एक प्रमुख राष्ट्रिय राजनीतिज्ञ थिए र उनले [[पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रिय सभा|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]को सदस्यका रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए।<ref name=":1" /> उनी पञ्जाबका भूतपूर्व [[पञ्जाबका राज्यपाल (पाकिस्तान)|राज्यपाल]] तथा [[पञ्जाबका मुख्यमन्त्री (पाकिस्तान)|मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गुलाम मुस्तफा खर]]की भतिजी हुन्।<ref name="WhoIsHina">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-hina-rabbani-khar-500268|title=Who is Hina Rabbani Khar?|last=Das|first=Mala|date=27 September 2012|publisher=NDTV|access-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> उनको विवाह फिरोज गुलजारसँग भएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly of Pakistan |url=https://na.gov.pk/en/profile.php?uid=1544 |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=na.gov.pk}}</ref> === शिक्षा === खर [[लाहोर युनिभर्सिटी अफ म्यानेजमेन्ट साइन्सेज]] (एलयुएमएस) की स्नातक हुन्, जहाँबाट उनले सन् १९९९ मा [[अर्थशास्त्र]]मा [[विज्ञानमा स्नातक|बिएससी]] (अनर्स) को उपाधि हासिल गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="mofa.gov.pk"/> त्यसपछि उनले [[म्यासाचुसेट्स अमहर्स्ट विश्वविद्यालय]]को आइजेनबर्ग स्कुल अफ म्यानेजमेन्टमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्, जहाँबाट उनले सन् २००२ मा व्यवसाय व्यवस्थापनमा [[एमएससी]] प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="mofa.gov.pk"/> खरले आफ्नो स्नातकपछि पनि एलयुएमएससँग सम्बन्ध बनाएर राखेकी थिइन्। सन् २०१२ मा, उनले त्यहाँ "परराष्ट्र नीति र युवा प्रजातन्त्र" विषयमा व्याख्यान दिएकी थिइन् र अब्दुस सलाम भौतिकशास्त्र संस्थानका लागि बजेट सुनिश्चित गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="LUMS Editorial Newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://lums.edu.pk/news-detail/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar-speaks-at-lums-521|title=Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar Speaks at LUMS|last=LUMS|publisher=LUMS Editorial Newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503040658/http://lums.edu.pk/news-detail/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar-speaks-at-lums-521|archive-date=3 May 2012|work=Press Release of LUMS Editorial Newspaper|access-date=22 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503040658/http://lums.edu.pk/news-detail/foreign-minister-hina-rabbani-khar-speaks-at-lums-521 |date=3 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="LUMS, Paper">{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/documents/LUMS_speech.pdf|title=Foreign Policy and Young Democracy|last=Khar, Her Excellency|first=Hina|publisher=LUMS, Paper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512081329/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/documents/LUMS_speech.pdf|archive-date=12 May 2012|work=Hina Rabbani Khar presented her paper at LUMS on 30 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{Contains special characters|उर्दु}} {{commons category|Hina Rabbani|हिना रब्बानी खर}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724180308/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=43&type=4 परराष्ट्र मन्त्री] *[http://dawn.com/tag/hina-rabbani-khar/सङ्कलित समाचार तथा टिप्पणीहरू]{{dead link|date=April 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''डन'' मा *[http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/headtohead/2015/12/rules-pakistan-151201112941549.html ''पाकिस्तानमा कसको शासन छ?'']. अल जजिरा अङ्ग्रेजी, डिसेम्बर २०१५ - हिना रब्बानी खरसँगको अन्तर्वार्ता (भिडियो, ४७ मिनेट) {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=अली नजारी}} {{s-ttl|title=वित्त तथा आर्थिक मामिला राज्यमन्त्री|years=२००८–२०११}} {{s-aft|after=दोस्त मोहम्मद मजारी}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[नवाबजादा मलिक अमाद खान]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|विदेश राज्यमन्त्री]]|years=२०११}} {{s-aft|after=[[नवाबजादा मलिक अमाद खान]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[शाह महमूद कुरेशी]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (पाकिस्तान)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्री]]|years=२०११–२०१३}} {{s-aft|after=[[मिर हजार खान खोसो]]<br />{{small|कार्यवाहक}}}} {{s-end}} [[श्रेणी:१९७७ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी व्यापारीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी महिला कूटनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी कूटनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यहरू सन् २००२–२००७]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यहरू सन् २००८–२०१३]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यहरू सन् २०१८–२०२३]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यहरू सन् २०२४–२०२९]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टीका राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी अर्थशास्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानी महिला अर्थशास्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानको राष्ट्रिय सभाका महिला सदस्यहरू]] rih7p9cg5yvekn4zrtqyle3t1qarjhb 3 63638 1368383 1368004 2026-08-03T19:47:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Tech News: 2026-32 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1368383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box| search=yes| * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता१|पुराना सन्देशहरू १ : २०१७/०३/१७ सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता२|पुराना सन्देशहरू २ : २०२२/०७/२२सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता३|पुराना सन्देशहरू ३ : २०२३/०३/२१सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता४|पुराना सन्देशहरू ४ : २०२५/१०/२०८सम्म]] }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:५९, २८ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२५, ४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == This Month in Education: March 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 3 • March 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program|Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art & Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club|Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art & Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Exploring How Wikipedia Works|Exploring How Wikipedia Works]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit|Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Improving hearing health content in Brazil|Improving hearing health content in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries |Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikeys in the Albanian language|Wikeys in the Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia|Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Polska short report|Wikimedia Polska short report]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia|Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:३०, ९ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=24824837 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५०, ११ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:४०, १८ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:४८, २५ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:३०, २ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२१, ९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३०, १६ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> २२:४०, २२ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == This Month in Education: April 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 4 • April 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update|Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers|Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program|KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/On-line Courses for Educators in Poland|On-line Courses for Educators in Poland]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives|Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania |Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference|Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:१२, २३ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=24999562 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:४९, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:३७, ६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:३७, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५४, २० जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०४, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == This Month in Education: June 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 5 • June 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates|Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia|From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view|Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State|The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/WMB goes to Serbia |WMB goes to Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/But we don't want it to end!|But we don't want it to end!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:२९, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25147408 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३९, ११ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५३, १८ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०८:०५, २५ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३९, १ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०६, ८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == This Month in Education: July 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 7 • July 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign|Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program|Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus|Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation|WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium|Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/US & Canada program reaches 100M words added |US & Canada program reaches 100M words added]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers|Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba|Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony|Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book|Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book. Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources in Xalala, Veracruz from the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program|62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine|“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana|OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:१८, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25457946 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:४५, १५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> २१:१०, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १९:४५, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५३, १२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०५, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३६, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:१२, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:२४, ९ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == This Month in Education: September 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 7 • September 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference|Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs|Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa|Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools|WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia|WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education |Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:४६, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25700976 --> == Image Description Month in India Campaign == Dear Wikimedian, A2K has conducted an online activity or campaign which is an ongoing Image Description Month in India description-a-thon, a collaborative effort known as [[:m:Image Description Month|Image Description Month]]. This initiative aims to enhance image-related content across Wikimedia projects and is currently underway, running from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. Throughout this event, our focus remains centered on three primary areas: Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. We have outlined several tasks, including the addition of captions to images on Wikipedia, the association of images with relevant Wikidata items, and improvements in the organization, categorization, and captions of media files on Wikimedia Commons. To participate, please visit our dedicated [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event page]]. We encourage you to sign up on the respective meta page and generously contribute your time and expertise to make essential and impactful edits. Should you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at nitesh@cis-india.org or [[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]. Your active participation will play a significant role in enriching Wikimedia content, making it more accessible and informative for users worldwide. Join us in this ongoing journey of improvement and collaboration. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५४, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Satpal_(CIS-A2K)/Mahatma_Gandhi_2020_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=20516231 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३२, १७ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०१, २४ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०६, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५१, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == This Month in Education: October 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Volume 12 • Issue 8 • October 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye|3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community|CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan|Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci|Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU|PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab|PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities|WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi|Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book|Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023|Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:१९, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25784366 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३७, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:४०, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५४, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३५, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:५७, १२ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == This Month in Education: November 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 9 • November 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education|4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo|Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia|EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia|Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities|Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania |Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/First anniversary of the game Wikeys|First anniversary of the game Wikeys]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Involve visiting students in education programs|Involve visiting students in education programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing|Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy|Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin|Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach|Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Art Outreach at Aje Compreshensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland|Art Outreach at Aje Comprehensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment|PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:०९, १४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25919737 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०३, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]]बाट प्रश्न (००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३) == नमस्कार profile मा आफ्नो फोटो कसरी राख्ने --[[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) नमस्कार [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] तपाइले विकिमीडिया कमन्स [[यहाँ|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard]] आफ्नो तस्विरहरु अपलोड जानुपर्ने छ र तपाईको आवश्यकता अनुसार [[file:filename]] राखी प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]] ([[User talk:Nawaraj Ghimire|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२०, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) :Ok [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:२४, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:०५, ९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५८, १६ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:४९, २३ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१६, ३० जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०७, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == This Month in Education: January 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 1 • January 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia|Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students|Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania|Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Summer students at Auckland Museum|Summer students at Auckland Museum]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project|WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops|Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment|Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १५:४७, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26091771 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:३४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:२२, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०८, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३२, ५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:२५, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == This Month in Education: February 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 2 • February 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February|2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/More two wiki-education partnerships|More two wiki-education partnerships]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico|Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization|Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna|Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP - Call for Papers Research track|Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP – Call for Papers Research track]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:२३, २१ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26310117 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४२, २६ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:२१, २ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२२, ९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१४, १६ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१३, २३ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == This Month in Education: March 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 3 • March 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna|Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand|Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania|Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:१३, २८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26659969 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:१९, ३० अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ०४:३८, ३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३०, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४४, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == This Month in Education: April 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 4 • April 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/EduWiki Updates From Uganda|EduWiki Updates From Uganda]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024|Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil|Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project|Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project]]</div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०९:०५, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26698909 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४९, २१ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:००, २८ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२०, ४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:०५, ११ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == This Month in Education: May 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 5 • May 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024|Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan|Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia|Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons|Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi|We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series |Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA|Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:१५, १५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26854161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३४, १८ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:१८, २५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४४, २ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:१७, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == This Month in Education: June 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 6 • June 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect|From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico|5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students|Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024|First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy|Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects |Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions|Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration|Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १२:४३, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27085892 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:१६, १६ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५०, २३ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५६, ३० जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२९, ६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०७, १३ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:३९, २० अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१९, २७ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:५३, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == This Month in Education: August 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 7 • August 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran|Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba|Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine|Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024|Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount|Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning|Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon|Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop|Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:०६, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27310254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४८, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२२, २४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०६, १ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२८, ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०७, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३८, २२ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:४१, २९ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == This Month in Education: October 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 8 • October 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year|CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic|7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo|Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edu_Wiki_in_South_Sudan:_Creating_a_better_future_in_education|Empowering Digital Literacy through Wikimedia in South Sudan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD|Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month |New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms|Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global|WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills|Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact|Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club|WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27733413 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:४६, १९ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२७, २६ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०८, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०१, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == This Month in Education: November 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 9 • November 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language|Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week|Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania|Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024|Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in School |Wikidata birthday in School]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University|Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content|Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program|Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५८, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27879342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:१०, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:२७, १४ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:२२, २१ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:००, २८ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५४, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == [[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]]बाट प्रश्न (११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) == साच्चिकै लेख्न शैलीमा कस्तो प्रकारको शब्द चयन र प्रकाशन गर्दा कस्तो तरीकाबाट गर्न सकिन्छ हो मलाई Wikipediaको बारेमा ज्ञान् त छोइन अब सिक्न खोजिरहेको छु --[[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]] ([[User talk:मर्मिक|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == This Month in Education: January 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 1 • January 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey|Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education|Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran|Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra|Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey |Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania|Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia|Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia|Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil|Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४१, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28111205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५७, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०२, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२६, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०८:१६, ४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५५, ११ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == This Month in Education: February 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 2 • February 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute|Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs|Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen|Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica |Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles|Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar|Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28314249 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३३, १८ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Janak SK]]मा [[User:Janak SK|Janak SK]]को प्रश्न (१६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५) == रिमाल थर रिमाल थर नेपालमा पाइने एउटा थर हो, जसलाई गैरदलित र दलित समुदाय दुबैमा वर्गीकृत गर्न सकिन्छ। ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो थर विभिन्न भौगोलिक स्थानहरूमा फैलिएको पाइन्छ। इतिहास र उत्पत्ति रिमाल थरका व्यक्तिहरू मुख्य रूपमा बैतडी जिल्लाको दुगेडाकेदार गाउँपालिका अन्तर्गत पर्ने रिम भन्ने ठाउँबाट बसाई सरी आएका मानिन्छन्। करिब पाँच-छ सय वर्ष पहिले, त्यहाँका केही व्यक्तिहरू दार्चुलाको लेकम गाउँपालिका तथा अन्य विभिन्न स्थानमा बसाइँ सरेका थिए। त्यस समयमा स्थानीय भूगोलको आधारमा थर कायम गर्ने परम्पराअनुसार रिम क्षेत्रबाट आएका व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्नो थरलाई रिमाल भनेर संशोधित गरेका थिए। धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक पक्ष रिमाल थर भएका व्यक्तिहरू प्रमुख रूपमा हिन्दू धर्म मान्ने गर्छन्। उनीहरूले दशैँ, तिहार, जनै पूर्णिमा, र तीज जस्ता पर्वहरू विशेष रूपमा मनाउँछन्। परम्परागत रूपमा, तिनका संस्कार र चाडपर्वहरू क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताका आधारमा केही फरक देखिन्छ। रिमाल थरको विविधता रिमाल थर कुनै एकल समुदाय वा जातिमा मात्र सीमित छैन। नेपालमा पाइने सामाजिक तथा जातीय संरचनाका आधारमा यो थर विभिन्न समुदायमा रहेका व्यक्तिहरूले राखेको पाइन्छ। भूगोल, इतिहास, तथा पारिवारिक परम्पराका आधारमा यसको सामाजिक स्थान फरक हुन सक्छ। सम्बन्धित विषयहरू नेपालको थरहरूको उत्पत्ति बैतडी जिल्लाको ऐतिहासिक बसाइँसराइ नेपाली समाजमा थरको महत्व --- यो जानकारीलाई विकिपिडियामा पोस्ट गर्दा थप विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू उल्लेख गर्नुपर्छ। यदि थप प्रमाण र ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भहरू उपलब्ध छन् भने, तिनलाई पनि समावेश गर्दा राम्रो हुनेछ। --[[User:Janak SK|Janak]] ([[User talk:Janak SK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२८, २५ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५०, १ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, ८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == This Month in Education: March 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 3 • March 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia|A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia|Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania|Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme|Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March|Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४९, १० अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28458563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:१०, १५ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:४६, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:००, ६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == This Month in Education: April 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 4 • April 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia|Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil|The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools|EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja|Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues |Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania|Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza|Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:३३, १० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28656387 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२३, १३ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५८, २० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५०, २७ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == This Month in Education: May 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४३, २८ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28771448 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४०, ३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:०२, १० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२४, १७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०६, २४ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:०४, २७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२६, १ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५१, ८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५५, १५ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२८, २२ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:१२, २९ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == This Month in Education: July 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४६, १ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29005310 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:२६, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१५, १२ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२४, १९ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५८, २६ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:०१, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:००, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:५३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४१, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> ==[[:सुदन गुरुङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:सुदन गुरुङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत एक वास्तविक व्यक्ति वा मानिसहरूको समूहलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:सुदन गुरुङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। <!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:५२, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३८, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५५, २ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:०९, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४५, १४ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१७, २८ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ११:५०, २ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२०, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२३, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:४२, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:३१, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:३१, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४८, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:०७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१९, १३ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१५, २० जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०३, २७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:११, २९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:२९, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१६, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०२, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४९, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:३७, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:४०, ३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, १० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२१, १७ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> ==[[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%28%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE+-+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A8+%29|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५०, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:११, ३१ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १६:०६, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०४, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:०४, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:४६, २० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४६, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:५१, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२८, ५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०५, १२ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:०७, १९ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">You may be eligible to vote in the U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am contacting you because you previously voted in elections related to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. You may be eligible to vote in the current U4C election, which is open now and closes on 2 June 2026. You can find out more about the candidates and the election on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the election page on Meta]], and from there you can access the vote itself. Your participation in these elections is important to the governance of Wikimedia communities, and your time spent learning about the candidates and voting is appreciated. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) २३:०१, २० मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569826 --> == Belated Wiki Anniversary Wishes 🎉 == <div style="border: 3px solid #f75920; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.6em;"> [[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]] Dear [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]], Your wiki anniversary was '''26 days''' ago, marking '''12 years''' of dedicated service! I wanted to extend a heartfelt thanks for your amazing contributions. With over '''7,473''' edits, your dedication is an inspiration to the community. Wishing you all the best for the year ahead! ''Use this [https://wiki-anniversary.toolforge.org/ '''Tool'''] to send wiki anniversary wishes to other amazing Wikimedians.'' - [[User:Suyash.dwivedi|Suyash.dwivedi]] ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २१ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३७, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:३८, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५४, २ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:१५, ९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३४, १५ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१६, १८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १८:५०, २३ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:००, २८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १७:३३, २९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १९:४२, ६ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६]]मा [[User:Shivarokaha|Shivarokaha]]को प्रश्न (०२:३९, १० जुलाई २०२६) == Please help open this --[[User:Shivarokaha|Shivarokaha]] ([[User talk:Shivarokaha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०२:३९, १० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:५७, १३ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:३२, २१ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == [[:ओत (जनावर)|ओत (जनावर)]]मा [[User:हिमाल डुम्रे|हिमाल डुम्रे]]को प्रश्न (०९:५९, २७ जुलाई २०२६) == मैले स्याङ्जा वालिङ् को विभिन्न भागमा सानो तथा खैरो ओतका समूह देखेको छु --[[User:हिमाल डुम्रे|हिमाल डुम्रे]] ([[User talk:हिमाल डुम्रे|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५९, २७ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३५, २८ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०१:३३, ३१ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३२, ४ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> l7x6of2plhhaowehsxjafy5v71m3jd5 0 66892 1368392 1368184 2026-08-04T02:36:33Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|भारतीय राजनीतिज्ञ (सन् १९५२–२०१९)}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = सुष्मा स्वराज | office = भारतको २९औँ [[विदेश मन्त्रालय (भारत)|विदेश मन्त्री]] | image = Secretary Tillerson is Greeted by Indian Minister of External Affairs Swaraj (24074726498) (cropped).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = आधिकारिक तस्वीर, सन् २०१७ | predecessor = [[सलमान खुर्सिद]] | prime_minister = [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] | successor = [[एस. जयशङ्कर]] | office2 = लोक सभामा ११औँ [[प्रतिपक्षको नेता (भारत)|प्रतिपक्षको नेता]] | 1blankname2 = सभामुख | 1namedata2 = [[मीरा कुमार]] | predecessor2 = [[लालकृष्ण आडवाणी]] | successor2 = [[राहुल गान्धी]] (सन् २०२४) | deputy2 = [[गोपीनाथ मुन्डे]] | party = [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] | other_party = [[जनता पार्टी]]<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP leader and former external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj passes away |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/current-affairs/bjp-leader-and-former-external-affairs-minister-sushma-swaraj-passes-away-119080601763_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=6 August 2019 |access-date=13 August 2024 |archive-date=3 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803172758/https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/current-affairs/bjp-leader-and-former-external-affairs-minister-sushma-swaraj-passes-away-119080601763_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | office1 = भारतको ४औँ [[प्रवासी भारतीय मामिला मन्त्रालय|प्रवासी भारतीय मामिला मन्त्री]] | predecessor1 = [[वायलार रवि]] | prime_minister1 = [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] | successor1 = ''पद खारेज'' | birth_name = सुष्मा शर्मा | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1952|02|14}}<ref name="LSMB">{{cite web |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/3812?from=amembers | title=Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile Sushma Swaraj | publisher=[[लोक सभा]] | access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/remembering-sushma-swaraj-first-full-time-female-foreign-minister-to-twitter-s-favorite-1565150051427.html |title=Remembering Sushma Swaraj: First female foreign minister to Twitter's favorite |last=Roche |first=Elizabeth |date=7 August 2019 |website=Livemint |access-date=7 August 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807184310/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/remembering-sushma-swaraj-first-full-time-female-foreign-minister-to-twitter-s-favorite-1565150051427.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | birth_place = [[अम्बाला छाउनी]], [[पूर्वी पञ्जाब|पञ्जाब]], [[भारत]]<br />(हाल [[हरियाणा]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2019|08|06|1952|02|14}} | death_place = [[नवी दिल्ली]], [[दिल्ली]], भारत | death_cause = [[हृदयघात]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[स्वराज कौशल]]|1975}} | education = [[सनातन धर्म कलेज]] ([[स्नातक तह|बिए]])<br>[[पञ्जाब विश्वविद्यालय]] ([[कानुनमा स्नातक|एलएलबी]]) | term_start = २६ मे २०१४ | term_end = ३० मे २०१९ | term_start1 = २६ मे २०१४ | term_end1 = ७ जनवरी २०१६ | term_start2 = २१ डिसेम्बर २००९ | term_end2 = १९ मे २०१४ | office3 = भारतको १९औँ [[संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय (भारत)|संसदीय मामिला मन्त्री]] | prime_minister3 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | term_start3 = २९ जनवरी २००३ | term_end3 = २२ मे २००४ | predecessor3 = [[प्रमोद महाजन]] | successor3 = [[गुलाम नबी आजाद]] | office4 = भारतको २९औँ [[स्वास्थ्य तथा परिवार कल्याण मन्त्रालय (भारत)|स्वास्थ्य तथा परिवार कल्याण मन्त्री]] | prime_minister4 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | term_start4 = २९ जनवरी २००३ | term_end4 = २२ मे २००४ | predecessor4 = [[सि. पि. ठाकुर]] | successor4 = [[अन्बुमणी रामदोस]] | office5 = भारतको २१औँ [[सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्रालय (भारत)|सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्री]] | prime_minister5 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | term_start5 = ३० सेप्टेम्बर २००० | term_end5 = २९ जनवरी २००३ | predecessor5 = [[अरुण जेटली]] | successor5 = [[रविशङ्कर प्रसाद]] | prime_minister6 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | term_start6 = १९ मार्च १९९८ | term_end6 = ११ अक्टोबर १९९८ | predecessor6 = [[एस. जयपाल रेड्डी]] | successor6 = [[प्रमोद महाजन]] | prime_minister7 = [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] | term_start7 = १६ मे १९९६ | term_end7 = १ जुन १९९६ | predecessor7 = [[पि. ए. सङ्मा]] | successor7 = [[सि. एम. इब्राहिम]] | office8 = [[राज्य सभा|सांसद, राज्य सभा]] | term_start8 = १० अप्रिल १९९० | term_end8 = ९ अप्रिल १९९६ | constituency8 = [[हरियाणा]] | term_start9 = ३ अप्रिल २००० | term_end9 = ८ नोभेम्बर २००० | constituency9 = [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] | term_start10 = ९ नोभेम्बर २००० | term_end10 = २ अप्रिल २००६ | constituency10 = [[उत्तराखण्ड]] | term_start11 = ३ अप्रिल २००६ | term_end11 = ३० मे २००९ | successor10 = [[सत्यव्रत चतुर्वेदी]] | constituency11 = [[मध्य प्रदेश]] | office12 = दिल्लीकी ५औँ [[दिल्लीका मुख्यमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|मुख्यमन्त्री]] | lieutenant_governor12 = [[विजई कपुर]] | term_start12 = १३ अक्टोबर १९९८ | term_end12 = ३ डिसेम्बर १९९८ | predecessor12 = [[साहिब सिंह वर्मा]] | successor12 = [[शीला दीक्षित]] | office13 = [[लोक सभा|सांसद, लोक सभा]] | constituency13 = [[विदिशा (लोक सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|विदिशा, मध्य प्रदेश]] | term_start13 = ३१ मे २००९ | term_end13 = २४ मे २०१९ | predecessor13 = [[रामपाल सिंह]] | successor13 = [[रमाकान्त भार्गव]] | constituency14 = [[दक्षिण दिल्ली (लोक सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दक्षिण दिल्ली, दिल्ली]] | term_start14 = ७ मे १९९६ | term_end14 = ३ अक्टोबर १९९९ | predecessor14 = [[मदनलाल खुराना]] | successor14 = [[विजयकुमार मल्होत्रा]] | office15 = [[हरियाणा सरकार|श्रम तथा रोजगार मन्त्री, हरियाणा सरकार]] | term_start15 = जुन १९७७ | term_end15 = जुन १९७९ | 1blankname15 = [[हरियाणाका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]] | 1namedata15 = [[देवी लाल]] | office16 = [[हरियाणा सरकार|शिक्षा मन्त्री, हरियाणा सरकार]] | term_start16 = जुलाई १९८७ | term_end16 = डिसेम्बर १९८९ | 1blankname16 = [[हरियाणाका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]] | 1namedata16 = [[देवी लाल]] | office17 = [[हरियाणा विधानसभा|हरियाणा विधानसभा सदस्य]] | term_start17 = जुलाई १९८७ | term_end17 = अप्रिल १९९० | predecessor17 = रामदास धमीजा | successor17 = [[अनिल विज]] | constituency17 = [[अम्बाला छाउनी विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|अम्बाला छाउनी]] | term_start18 = अक्टोबर १९७७ | term_end18 = मे १९८२ | predecessor18 = हंसराज सूरी | successor18 = रामदास धमीजा | constituency18 = [[अम्बाला छाउनी विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|अम्बाला छाउनी]] | children = [[बाँसुरी स्वराज]] (छोरी) | profession = {{hlist|वकील|राजनीतिज्ञ|कूटनीतिज्ञ}} | awards = [[पद्मविभूषण]] (सन् २०२०) }} '''सुष्मा स्वराज''' (जन्म '''शर्मा'''; १४ फेब्रुअरी १९५२ – ६ अगस्ट २०१९) एक भारतीय अधिवक्ता, राजनीतिज्ञ तथा कूटनीतिज्ञ थिइन्। उनले दिल्लीकी ५औँ [[दिल्लीका मुख्यमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|मुख्यमन्त्री]] तथा [[पहिलो मोदी मन्त्रिपरिषद्|पहिलो मोदी मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]मा सन् २०१४ देखि २०१९ सम्म भारतको [[विदेश मन्त्रालय (भारत)|विदेश मन्त्री]]को रूपमा सेवा गरेकी थिइन्। [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]]पछि ५ वर्षको कार्यकाल पूरा गर्ने उनी दोस्रो व्यक्ति थिइन्। [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]की एक वरिष्ठ नेत्री, स्वराज [[इन्दिरा गान्धी]]पछि विदेश मन्त्रीको पद सम्हाल्ने दोस्रो महिला थिइन्। उनी सात पटक [[भारतीय संसद|सांसद]] र तीन पटक [[विधानसभा सदस्य]]को रूपमा निर्वाचित भएकी थिइन्। सन् १९७७ मा २५ वर्षको उमेरमा उनी भारतको [[हरियाणा]] राज्यको सबैभन्दा कान्छी मन्त्रिपरिषद् मन्त्री बनेकी थिइन्। उनले सन् १९९८ मा छोटो अवधिका लागि दिल्लीकी मुख्यमन्त्रीका रूपमा पनि सेवा गरेकी थिइन् र दिल्लीकी पहिलो महिला मुख्यमन्त्री बनेकी थिइन्।<ref name="indiatvnews">{{cite news|title=At a glance: Sushma Swaraj, from India's 'youngest minister' to 'aspiring PM'|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/at-a-glance-sushma-swaraj-from-india-s-youngest-minister-to-pm-10613.html?page=6|date=15 June 2013|agency=[[इन्डिया टिभी]]|access-date=6 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702012905/http://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/at-a-glance-sushma-swaraj-from-india-s-youngest-minister-to-pm-10613.html?page=6|archive-date=2 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[सन् २०१४ को भारतीय आम निर्वाचन|२०१४ को भारतीय आम निर्वाचन]]मा स्वराजले [[मध्य प्रदेश]]को [[विदिशा (लोक सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|विदिशा]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट दोस्रो कार्यकालका लागि ४ लाखभन्दा बढी मतान्तरले विजयी भएकी थिइन्।<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/bjp-s-sushma-swaraj-to-contest-lok-sabha-polls-from-vidisha-constituency-495415 BJP's Sushma Swaraj to contest Lok Sabha polls from Vidisha constituency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313212019/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/bjp-s-sushma-swaraj-to-contest-lok-sabha-polls-from-vidisha-constituency-495415 |date=13 March 2014 }}. NDTV.com (13 March 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> उनी २६ मे २०१४ मा केन्द्रीय मन्त्रिपरिषद्मा विदेश मन्त्री बनेकी थिइन्। अमेरिकी दैनिक पत्रिका ''[[द वाल स्ट्रिट जर्नल]]''ले स्वराजलाई भारतको "सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय राजनीतिज्ञ" भनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Varadarajan|first1=Tunku|title=India's Best-Loved Politician|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-best-loved-politician-1500937541|publisher=[[द वाल स्ट्रिट जर्नल]]|date=24 July 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726004210/https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-best-loved-politician-1500937541|archive-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sushma Swaraj is 'India's Best-Loved Politician', opines US magazine Wall Street Journal|url=http://zeenews.india.com/india/sushma-swaraj-is-india-s-best-loved-politician-opines-us-magazine-wall-street-journal-2026688.html|publisher=[[जि न्युज]]|date=25 July 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725071203/http://zeenews.india.com/india/sushma-swaraj-is-india-s-best-loved-politician-opines-us-magazine-wall-street-journal-2026688.html|archive-date=25 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> मिर्गौला प्रत्यारोपणपछि स्वास्थ्यमा सुधार भइरहेकाले र सङ्क्रमणबाट जोगिनुपर्ने भएकाले उनले सन् २०१९ को आम निर्वाचन नलड्ने निर्णय गरेकी थिइन् र सन् २०१९ को दोस्रो मोदी मन्त्रिपरिषद्मा सहभागी भइनन्।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-sushma-swaraj-wont-contest-2019-general-elections/articleshow/66896243.cms | title=Why Sushma Swaraj won't contest 2019 general elections | work=[[द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया]] | date=1 December 2018 | access-date=31 May 2019 | archive-date=8 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108121659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-sushma-swaraj-wont-contest-2019-general-elections/articleshow/66896243.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sushma-swaraj-emotional-tweet-pm-modi-says-grateful-1538979-2019-05-30 | title=Sushma Swaraj writes emotional tweet to PM Modi, says she is grateful | publisher=इन्डिया टुडे | date=30 May 2019 | access-date=30 May 2019 | archive-date=30 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530193827/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sushma-swaraj-emotional-tweet-pm-modi-says-grateful-1538979-2019-05-30 | url-status=live }}</ref> एम्स, नयाँ दिल्लीका चिकित्सकहरूका अनुसार ६ अगस्ट २०१९ को रात हृदयघातका कारण स्वराजको मृत्यु भएको थियो। उनलाई सार्वजनिक मामिलाको क्षेत्रमा सन् २०२० मा मरणोपरान्त भारतको दोस्रो सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान [[पद्मविभूषण]] प्रदान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS |url=https://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/2020AwardeesList.pdf |website=padmaawards.gov.in |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522072654/https://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/2020AwardeesList.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-ministers-arun-jaitley-sushma-swaraj-and-george-fernandes-given-padma-vibhushan/articleshow/73617205.cms | title=Arun Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj, George Fernandes given Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Here's full list of Padma award recipients | newspaper=[[द इकोनोमिक टाइम्स]] | date=26 January 2020 | access-date=26 January 2020 | archive-date=31 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331044235/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-ministers-arun-jaitley-sushma-swaraj-and-george-fernandes-given-padma-vibhushan/articleshow/73617205.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा == सुष्मा स्वराज (जन्म शर्मा)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1949332/Sushma-Swaraj|title=Sushma Swaraj|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=27 November 2023 }}</ref> को जन्म १४ फेब्रुअरी १९५२ मा पञ्जाब (हाल हरियाणा) को [[अम्बाला छाउनी]]मा एक [[ब्राह्मण]] परिवारमा हरदेव शर्मा र श्रीमती लक्ष्मी देवीको छोरीको रूपमा भएको थियो।<ref name="biodata">{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/kiosk/whoswho/beta_s19.htm |title=Brief Bio-data. Member of Rajya Sabha. Sushma, Shrimati |access-date=13 April 2009 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528171046/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/kiosk/whoswho/beta_s19.htm |archive-date=28 May 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.idiva.com/career/advice/facts-about-sushma-swaraj/30324 | title=Facts About Sushma Swaraj &#124; Work & Life | date=5 June 2014 | access-date=17 October 2022 | archive-date=17 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017092651/https://www.idiva.com/career/advice/facts-about-sushma-swaraj/30324 | url-status=dead }}</ref> उनका पिता [[राष्ट्रिय स्वयंसेवक सङ्घ]]का एक प्रमुख सदस्य थिए। उनका आमाबाबु पाकिस्तानको [[लाहोर]]स्थित [[धर्मपुरा]] क्षेत्रका निवासी थिए।<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian FM Sushma Swaraj's parents hailed from Lahore – Pakistan – Dunya News|url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/312217-Indian-FM-Sushma-Swarajs-parents-hailed-from-Laho|access-date=18 December 2015|work=dunyanews.tv|publisher=Dunya News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212110213/http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/312217-Indian-FM-Sushma-Swarajs-parents-hailed-from-Laho|archive-date=12 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले [[अम्बाला छाउनी]]को [[सनातन धर्म कलेज]]बाट शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन् र संस्कृत तथा राजनीति शास्त्र मुख्य विषय लिई स्नातक (बिए) को डिग्री हासिल गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="india1"/> उनले [[पञ्जाब विश्वविद्यालय, चण्डीगढ]]बाट कानुन (एलएलबी) को अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="it">[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/people/sushma-swaraj/17946.html Sushma Swaraj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603003710/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/people/sushma-swaraj/17946.html|date=3 June 2016}}. ''इन्डिया टुडे''. Retrieved 28 May 2016.</ref><ref name="india1">{{cite web|url=http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3812|title=Detailed Profile – Smt. Sushma Swaraj – Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha) – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India|publisher=India.gov.in.|access-date=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427180032/http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3812|archive-date=27 April 2014|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427180032/http://archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=3812 |date=27 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Cabinet reshuffle: Modi government's got talent but is it being fully utilised? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cabinet-reshuffle-modi-governments-got-talent-but-is-it-being-fully-utilised/articleshow/53132757.cms |work=[[द इकोनोमिक टाइम्स]] |date=10 July 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713220950/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cabinet-reshuffle-modi-governments-got-talent-but-is-it-being-fully-utilised/articleshow/53132757.cms |archive-date=13 July 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Layak |first1=Suman }}</ref> हरियाणा भाषा विभागद्वारा आयोजित राज्यस्तरीय प्रतियोगितामा उनले लगातार तीन वर्ष उत्कृष्ट हिन्दी वक्ताको पुरस्कार जितेकी थिइन्।<ref name="elections.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/sushma-swaraj.html|title=Sushma Swaraj Biography|access-date=28 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625203206/http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/sushma-swaraj.html|archive-date=25 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> सुष्मा स्वराज शाकाहारी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Uttam |first1=Kumar |title=A disciple of Krishna, Sushma Swaraj played many roles |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-disciple-of-krishna-sushma-swaraj-played-many-roles/story-HRxkgy11X9oNU47ZzUtLOI.html |access-date=9 June 2023 |work=हिन्दुस्तान टाइम्स |date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019002737/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-disciple-of-krishna-sushma-swaraj-played-many-roles/story-HRxkgy11X9oNU47ZzUtLOI.html |url-status=live }}</ref> == अभिवक्ताको रूपमा == सन् १९७३ मा स्वराजले [[भारतको सर्वोच्च अदालत|भारतको सर्वोच्च अदालतमा]] अधिवक्ताको रूपमा वकालत सुरु गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="it"/><ref name="india1"/> उनले १९७० को दशकमा [[अखिल भारतीय विद्यार्थी परिषद]]बाट आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवनको सुरुवात गरेकी थिइन्। उनका पति [[स्वराज कौशल]] समाजवादी नेता [[जर्ज फर्नान्डिस]]सँग नजिकबाट जोडिएका थिए र सुष्मा स्वराज सन् १९७५ मा जर्ज फर्नान्डिसको कानुनी प्रतिरक्षा टोलीको हिस्सा बनेकी थिइन्। उनले [[जयप्रकाश नारायण]]को [[सम्पूर्ण क्रान्ति]] आन्दोलनमा सक्रिय रूपमा भाग लिएकी थिइन्। सङ्कटकाल पछि उनी भारतीय जनता पार्टीमा आबद्ध भएकी थियइन्। पछि उनी भारतीय जनता पार्टीकी राष्ट्रिय नेता बनेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/wheel-comes-full-circle-for-sushma-swaraj-115122700696_1.html|title=How Sushma Swaraj helped Modi get his Pak groove back|work=बिजनेस स्ट्यान्डर्ड|author=Archis Mohan|date=27 December 2015|access-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231002431/http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/wheel-comes-full-circle-for-sushma-swaraj-115122700696_1.html|archive-date=31 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> == निधन == ६ अगस्ट २०१९ का दिन बेलुकी सुष्मा स्वराजलाई हृदयघात भएको रिपोर्ट आएपछि उनलाई [[अखिल भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान संस्थान, नवी दिल्ली|एम्स नवी दिल्ली]] लगिएको थियो, जहाँ पछि हृदयघातकै कारण उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Sushma Swaraj, Former Foreign Minister and BJP Stalwart, Passes Away at 67 from cardiac arrest.{{!}} LIVE |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/sushma-swaraj-former-foreign-minister-and-bjp-stalwart-passes-away-2260617.html |access-date=6 August 2019 |work=News18 |date=6 August 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807234711/https://www.news18.com/news/india/sushma-swaraj-former-foreign-minister-and-bjp-stalwart-passes-away-2260617.html |url-status=live }}</ref> भोलिपल्ट दिल्लीको लोधी श्मशान घाटमा पूर्ण राजकीय सम्मानका साथ उनको अन्त्येष्टि गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/sushma-swaraj-death-live-news-final-journey-funeral-latest-updates-narendra-modi-swaraj-kaushal-bjp-bansuri-swaraj-bjpleaders-family-tribute-external-affairs-minister-today-lodhi-crematorium-delhi-7121071.html|title=Sushma Swaraj funeral; latest updates: Ex-minister cremated with State honours in Delhi as top NDA leaders bid farewell|website=Firstpost|date=7 August 2019|access-date=7 August 2019|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807115046/https://www.firstpost.com/india/sushma-swaraj-death-live-news-final-journey-funeral-latest-updates-narendra-modi-swaraj-kaushal-bjp-bansuri-swaraj-bjpleaders-family-tribute-external-affairs-minister-today-lodhi-crematorium-delhi-7121071.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{Commons category|Sushma Swaraj|सुष्मा स्वराज}} {{wikiquote}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् २०१९ मा मृत्यु]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९५२ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय हिन्दुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:दिल्लीका मानिसहरू]] 5mp09lo4fckdijljfmd743f0d6vdxh6 4 70512 1368413 1366430 2026-08-04T05:38:10Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* २०८३ साउन ४ */ 1368413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{प्रमुख समाचार शिर्षक}} {{विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार/शिर्षक}} == सङ्ग्रह == {{विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार/सङ्ग्रह}} {{Anchor|Suggestions}} == १ माघ २०७९ == ==== यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': १ माघ २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख1}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[पोखरा]]मा भएको '''[[यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना|विमान दुर्घटनामा]]''' ''(विमान चित्रित)'' सवार सबै ७२ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[पोखरा]]मा भएको '''[[यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना|विमान दुर्घटनामा]]''' ''(विमान चित्रित)'' सवार सबै ७२ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/news/2023/01/15/167378100098839998.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण भएकोले। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०६, २ माघ २०७९ (नेपाली समय) </div> : अक्षर गणना मा भएकाे डाटा अलिक बुजिन नि। यसलाई स्पष्ट गरिदिनु न। धन्यवाद! [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:१६, १६ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == २०७९ माघ २६ == ==== यू-२० महिला साफ च्याम्पियनसिप : नेपाल उपविजेता ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': २६ माघ २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[यू-२० महिला साफ च्याम्पियनसिप]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': नेपाल यू–२० वुमेन्स साफ च्याम्पियनसिप २०२३ को उपविजेता भएको छ भने बङ्गलादेश विजेता भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|नेपाल यू–२० वुमेन्स साफ च्याम्पियनसिप २०२३ को उपविजेता भएको छ भने बङ्गलादेश विजेता भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/02/09/16759549858527781.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Sgt_gh|Sgt_gh]] * '''टिप्पणी''': लेख त महत्त्वपूर्ण छ तर यो सँग जोडिएको लेख अपूर्ण छ त्यसैले मेराे {{असमर्थन}} छ तत्काल को लागी। धन्यवाद! [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४१, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०७९ माघ २३ == ==== टर्की र सिरियामा ७.८ म्याग्निच्युडको शक्तिशाली भूकम्प। ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Turkey_earthquake_2023_montage.png|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २३ माघ २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२३ टर्की-सिरिया भूकम्प]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': टर्की र सिरियामा गएको [[सन् २०२३ टर्की-सिरिया भूकम्प|शक्तिशाली कम्प]] परी २७ हजारभन्दा बढीको मृत्यु हुनुका साथै ८७ हजारभन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|टर्की र सिरियामा गएको [[सन् २०२३ टर्की-सिरिया भूकम्प|शक्तिशाली कम्प]] परी २७ हजारभन्दा बढीको मृत्यु हुनुका साथै ८७ हजारभन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/world/2023/02/09/167591888004977104.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Sgt_gh|Sgt_gh]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण भएकोले। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०६, २८ माघ २०७९ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २८ फागुन २०७९ == ==== रामचन्द्र पौडेल ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': २८ फागुन २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख1}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': '''[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]''' [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|'''[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]''' [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/politics/1110181-1678360241.html नागरिक] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण भएकोले। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०६, २८ फागुन २०७९ (नेपाली समय) </div> : {{U|बडा काजी}}, यसमा २८ फाल्गुण लेख्नु को कारण? [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:२७, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) ::{{u|Fade258}}, राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]]को कार्यकाल फागुन २८ गते सकिन्छ। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २२:३०, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) :::{{U|बडा काजी}}, २८ फाल्गुण त कार्यकाल सक्किने मिति भयो तर प्रमुख समाचार को निवेदन त आज २५ फाल्गुण मा गरिएको हो नि। हाेइन? [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:३६, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == २२ चैत, २०७९ == ==== उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Flag of NATO.svg|100x100px|उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठनको झण्डा]] </div> * '''मिति''': २२ चैत, २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]]{{#if:फिनल्यान्ड|,}} {{#if:फिनल्यान्ड|[[फिनल्यान्ड]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[फिनल्यान्ड]] '''[[उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]]'''को ''(झण्डा चित्रित)'' ३१ औँ सदस्य बनेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[फिनल्यान्ड]] '''[[उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]]'''को ''(झण्डा चित्रित)'' ३१ औँ सदस्य बनेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://shilapatra.com/detail/109322 शिलापत्र] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १५:२४, ८ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २१ वैशाख २०८० == ==== चार्ल्स तृतीय ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Charles III coronation photo.jpg|100x100px|चार्ल्स तृतीय]] </div> * '''मिति''': २२ चैत, २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]]{{#if:संयुक्त अधिराज्य|,}} * '''खबर''': राजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]]ले वेस्टमिन्स्टर एबीमा आयोजित विशेष समारोहबीच राजमुकुट पहिरिएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|चार्ल्स तृतीयले वेस्टमिन्स्टर एबीमा आयोजित विशेष समारोहबीच राजमुकुट पहिरिएका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c7214dez3w9o बिबिसी नेपाली] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २०:२७, ७ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १६ जेठ २०८० == ==== २०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Ipl.svg|100x100px|इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग]] </div> * '''मिति''': ३० मे २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[२०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग]]{{#if:भारतीय क्रिकेट नियन्त्रण बोर्ड|,}} * '''खबर''': [[चेन्नई सुपर किङ्स]]ले [[गुजरात टाइटन्स]]लाई हराउँदै [[२०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग]]को उपाधि पाँचौँपल्ट जितेको छ । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|चेन्नई सुपर किङ्सले गुजरात टाइटन्सलाई हराउँदै २०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिगको उपाधि पाँचौँपल्ट जितेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/05/30/168539112644189031.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १६:२९, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १७:०६, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १६ जेठ २०८० == ==== सन् २०२३ ओडिसा रेल दुर्घटना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': ३० मे २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[२०२३ ओडिशा रेल दुर्घटना]] * '''खबर''': भारतको ओडिसामा शुक्रबार बेलुका भएको [[२०२३ ओडिशा रेल दुर्घटना|रेल दुर्घटना]]मा परी २९० जना भन्दा धेरैको मृत्यु भएको छ र १,१०० भन्दा धेरै घाइते भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतको ओडिसामा शुक्रबार बेलुका भएको [[२०२३ ओडिशा रेल दुर्घटना|रेल दुर्घटना]]मा परी २९० जना भन्दा धेरैको मृत्यु भएको छ र १,१०० भन्दा धेरै घाइते भएका छन्। ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/world/2023/06/04/168584158691422470.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १६:५५, ४ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २०:५०, ५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २९ जेठ २०८० == ==== सन् २०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Rhodri Man City 2021 2.jpg|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': १२ जुन २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[२०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] * '''खबर''': [[२०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]को फाइनल खेलमा [[म्यानचेस्टर सिटी फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर सिटी]]ले [[इन्टर मिलान]]लाई १-० ले पराजित गरेर आफ्नो पहिलो [[युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग|च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] उपाधि जितेको छ। (चित्रमा खेलको [[म्यान अफ द म्याच]] रोद्री) * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[२०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]को फाइनल खेलमा [[म्यानचेस्टर सिटी फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर सिटी]]ले [[इन्टर मिलान]]लाई १-० ले पराजित गरेर आफ्नो पहिलो च्याम्पियन्स लिग उपाधि जितेको छ। }} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/133765.html हाम्रोखेलकुद] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])}Bishaldev २३:३८, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २१:४८, १४ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १० असार २०८० == ==== वाग्नर विद्रोह ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:YevgenyPrigozhin.jpg|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': २५ जुन २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[वाग्नर विद्रोह]] * '''खबर''': रुसमा, बेलारुसी राष्ट्रपति [[अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्को]]सँगको वार्तापछि, [[यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन]] [[वाग्नर विद्रोह]] अन्त्य गर्न सहमत भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|रसियामा, बेलारुसी राष्ट्रपति अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्कोसँगको वार्तापछि, यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन वाग्नर विद्रोह अन्त्य गर्न सहमत भएका छन्। }} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/crgd1ed9y55o BBC Nepali] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])}Bishaldev १७:३०, २५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १८:५७, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == ८ भदौ २०८० == ==== चन्द्रयान-३ ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:GSLV Mk III M1, Chandrayaan-2 - Pragyan rover mounted on the ramp of Vikram lander (cropped).jpg|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': २५ अगस्ट २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[चन्द्रयान-३]] * '''खबर''': भारतीय अन्तरीक्षयान [[चन्द्रयान-३]] प्रज्ञान रोभरको साथ चन्द्रमाको दक्षिणी ध्रुवमा अवतरण गरेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय अन्तरीक्षयान [[चन्द्रयान-३]] प्रज्ञान रोभरको साथ [[चन्द्रमा]]को दक्षिणी ध्रुवमा अवतरण गरेको छ। ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-chandrayaan-3-vikram-lander-touch-down-live-updates/article67219323.ece द हिन्दु] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १६:४४, २५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - [[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:०८, २६ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == ८ भदौ २०८० == ==== यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन सवार विमान दुर्घटना==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Prigozhin and Utkin.png|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': २५ अगस्ट २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन]] * '''खबर''': [[वाग्नर समूह]]का नेता [[यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन]] सवार बिजनेस जेट त्भर ओब्लास्त, रुसमा दुर्घटना हुँदा त्यसमा रहेका सबै दस जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय अन्तरीक्षयान [[चन्द्रयान-३]] प्रज्ञान रोभरको साथ चन्द्रमाको दक्षिणी ध्रुवमा अवतरण गरेको छ। ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.ft.com/content/812c9da3-80f2-4fe1-8fad-0b4441d1977a फाइनान्सियल टाइम्स] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १७:०३, २५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:०८, २६ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८० असोज २० == ====हमासद्वारा इजरायल माथि आक्रमण ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:פגיעת רקטה ברכב בראשון לציון.jpg|100x100px|रकेट बिस्फोटको असर]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८० असाैज २० * '''लेख''': [[अक्टोबर २०२३ गाजा–इजरायल संघर्ष]] * '''खबर''':[[हमास]]ले [[इजरायल]]माथि सयौँ रकेटहरू प्रहार गरेपछि गाजा क्षेत्र [[अक्टोबर २०२३ गाजा–इजरायल संघर्ष|लडाइँ]] सुरु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[हमास]]ले [[इजरायल]]माथि सयौँ रकेटहरू प्रहार गरेपछि गाजा क्षेत्र [[अक्टोबर २०२३ गाजा–इजरायल संघर्ष|लडाइँ]] सुरु भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c109dm2nyp2o बिबिसी नेपाली] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev Bishaldev १९:५२, ७ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२३, ८ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १९ कात्तिक २०८० == ==== जाजरकोट भूकम्प, २०८० ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:2023-11-03 Nepal M5.7 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg|100x100px|जाजरकोट भूकम्प]] </div> * '''मिति''': १९ कात्तिक २०८० * '''लेख''': [[जाजरकोट भूकम्प, २०८०]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': नेपालको कर्णाली प्रदेशमा आएको भूकम्पका कारण १५७ जनाको ज्यान गएको छ भने २५० भन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्। जाजरकोट केन्द्र बनाएर आएको उक्त भूकम्पको धक्का नेपालभर र उत्तरी भारतमासमेत महसुस गरिएको थियो। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|नेपालको कर्णाली प्रदेशमा आएको भूकम्पका कारण १५७ जनाको ज्यान गएको छ भने २५० भन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्। जाजरकोट केन्द्र बनाएर आएको उक्त भूकम्पको धक्का नेपालभर र उत्तरी भारतमासमेत महसुस गरिएको थियो।}} * '''स्रोत''': https://www.bbc.com/nepali/live/67325607 * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': <b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> ०३:२४, ६ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{Done}} --[[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:३४, ६ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २० फागुन २०८० == ==== पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Mian Shehbaz Sharif.JPG|100x100px|शहबाज शरिफ]] </div> * '''मिति''': २० फागुन २०८० * '''लेख''': [[पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[सन् २०२४ पाकिस्तानी आम निर्वाचन|आम निर्वाचन]] पश्चात्, [[शहबाज शरिफ]] (चित्रित) [[पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त हुँदै [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नवाज)|पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नुन)]] र [[पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी]] बीच गठबन्धन सरकार गठन गरेका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[सन् २०२४ पाकिस्तानी आम निर्वाचन|आम निर्वाचन]] पश्चात्, [[शहबाज शरिफ]] (चित्रित) [[पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त हुँदै [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नवाज)|पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नुन)]] र [[पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी]] बीच गठबन्धन सरकार गठन गरेका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2024/03/1443824 * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १९:४९, ३ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ११:२०, ४ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १२ चैत २०८० == ====क्रोकस सिटी हलको आक्रमण ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Crocus City Hall 2020.jpg|thumb|सन् २०२० मा, क्रोकस सिटी हल|alt=सन् २०२० मा, क्रोकस सिटी हल]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८० चैत १२ * '''लेख''': [[क्रोकस सिटी हलमा आक्रमण]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': रूस मस्कोमा अवस्थित क्रास्नोगोर्स्कको क्रोकस सिटी हलमा भएको [[क्रोकस सिटी हलमा आक्रमण|आक्रमण]]मा कम्तिमा १३३ को मृत्यु भएको छ । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|रूस मस्कोमा अवस्थित क्रास्नोगोर्स्कको क्रोकस सिटी हलमा भएको [[क्रोकस सिटी हलमा आक्रमण|आक्रमण]]मा कम्तिमा १३३ को मृत्यु भएको छ । }} * '''स्रोत''': https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c720xlrdzpqo * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev १०:१८, २५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:००, २७ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == ३० जेठ २०८१ == === भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४ === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait (crop).png|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': ३० जेठ २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[भारत]]मा '''[[भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४|भएको आम निर्वाचन]]'''मा [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] ''(चित्रित)'' कम बहुमतका साथ पुनः निर्वाचित भएका छन् । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[भारत]]मा '''[[भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४|भएको आम निर्वाचन]]'''मा [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] ''(चित्रित)'' कम बहुमतका साथ पुनः निर्वाचित भएका छन् ।}} * '''स्रोत''': * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १५:४६, १३ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == असार २०८१ == === किअर स्टार्मर === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|100x100px|किअर स्टार्मर]] </div> * '''मिति''': २२ असार २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[किअर स्टार्मर]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': '''[[किअर स्टार्मर]]''' ''(चित्रित)'' [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|'''[[किअर स्टार्मर]]''' ''(चित्रित)'' [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/ckrg9d4rng3o बीबीसी] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १५:४६, २२ असार २०८० (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> === डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Donald Trump official portrait.jpg|100x100px|डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] </div> * '''मिति''': २८ असार, २०८० * '''लेख''': [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': अमेरिकाका पूर्वराष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]माथि पेन्सिल्भेनिआ आयोजित एउटा र्‍यालीमा [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास|गोली प्रहार]] भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|अमेरिकाका पूर्वराष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]माथि पेन्सिल्भेनिआ आयोजित एउटा र्‍यालीमा [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास|गोली प्रहार]] भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cp38jmx4zzgo डोनल्ड ट्रम्पको 'हत्या गर्ने प्रयास', कानमा गोली लाग्यो] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev १२:१४, १४ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १३:३२, १४ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २५ साउन २०८१ == === शेख हसिनाद्वारा राजीनामा र पलायन === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Sheikh Hasina in the Maldives 2021.jpg|150x150px|शेख हसिना]] </div> * '''मिति''': * '''लेख''': [[असहयोग आन्दोलन (सन् २०२४)]] * '''खबर''': [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[असहयोग आन्दोलन (सन् २०२४)|सरकार विरोधी आन्दोलन]] उत्कर्षमा पुगेपछि प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]]ले पदबाट राजीनामा दिएर देश छाडेकी छिन् र '''[[मुहम्मद युनुस]]''' [[युनुसको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]को नेता नियुक्त भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[असहयोग आन्दोलन (सन् २०२४)|सरकार विरोधी आन्दोलन]] उत्कर्षमा पुगेपछि प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]]ले पदबाट राजीनामा दिएर देश छाडेकी छिन् र '''[[मुहम्मद युनुस]]''' [[युनुसको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]को नेता नियुक्त भएका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cw8yynp6jpvo बाङ्लादेशमा प्रधानमन्त्री शेख हसिनाद्वारा राजीनामा, देश छाडिन्] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev १०:००, ७ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#006400"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०२:५६, २३ साउन २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २१ कात्तिक २०८१ == ==== सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Donald Trump official portrait.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २१ कात्तिक २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन]]{{#if:डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प|,}} {{#if:डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प|[[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति]]मा [[सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन|निर्वाचित]] भएका छन् र [[रिपब्लिकन पार्टी (अमेरिका)|रिपब्लिकन पार्टी]]ले [[अमेरिकी सिनेट|अमेरिकी सिनेट]]मा बहुमत हासिल गरेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति]]मा [[सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन|निर्वाचित]] भएका छन् र [[रिपब्लिकन पार्टी (अमेरिका)|रिपब्लिकन पार्टी]]ले [[अमेरिकी सिनेट|अमेरिकी सिनेट]]मा बहुमत हासिल गरेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/11/04/us/harris-trump-election New York Times] [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/presidential-election-polls-2024-latest-surveys-on-harris-vs-trump-before-election-day/ar-AA1ttqql USA Today] [https://www.cnn.com/election/2024 CNN] [https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4969061-trump-wins-presidential-election/ The Hill] [https://ekantipur.com/world/2024/11/06/trump-wins-the-us-presidency-22-52.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]]Bishaldev १७:२७, ६ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#006400"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:४०, २२ कात्तिक २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == पुस २०८१ == ==== मनमोहन सिंह ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': १२ पुस २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[मनमोहन सिंह]]{{#if:डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प|,}} {{#if:मनमोहन सिंह}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': भारतीय [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को ९२ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को ९२ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2024/12/1593552/former-indian-prime-minister-manmohan-singh-passes-away-2 अनलाइन खबर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="F0220"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०२:०८, १२ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#00340"></b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:४०, १२ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> ====जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Boeing 737-8AS Jeju Air HL8088 3012 (MSN 37541) Cheongju Intl Airport May 14, 2021.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८१ पुुस १३ * '''लेख''': [[जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना]] * '''खबर''': [[दक्षिण कोरिया]]को मुआन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलमा [[जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना]] हुँदा १७९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[दक्षिण कोरिया]]को मुआन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलमा [[जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना]] हुँदा १७९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c8rj8l0j6x1o जोर्ज राइट बीबीसी समाचार] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev २२:३२, ३० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#00640"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:४०, १४ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> ==== जिमी कार्टरको निधन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': १२ पुस २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[जिमी कार्टर]]{{#if:जिमी कार्टर|}} {{#if:जिमी कार्टर}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': अमेरिकाका [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|पूर्व राष्ट्रपति]] तथा [[नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] विजेता [[जिम्मी कार्टर]]को १०० वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को ९२ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2024/12/1593552/former-indian-prime-minister-manmohan-singh-passes-away-2 अनलाइन खबर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="F0220"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०२:०८, १५ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १३:०६, ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ वैशाख ८ == ==== पोप फ्रान्सिसको निधन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_(2021)_FXD.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ बैशाख ८ * '''लेख''': [[पोप फ्रान्सिस]]{{#if:पोप फ्रान्सिस|}} {{#if:पोप फ्रान्सिस}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[पोप फ्रान्सिस]]को ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[पोप फ्रान्सिस]]को ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ । }} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cevdnekp3zvo पोप फ्रान्सिसको ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev २१:३८, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:४६, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ वैशाख १० == ==== पहलगाम नरसंहार ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> * '''मिति''': २०८२ वैशाख १० * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार]]{{#if:सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार|}} {{#if:सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[भारत]] प्रशासित [[जम्मु र कश्मीर (केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश)|कश्मीर]]मा आतङ्ककारी समूहले पर्यटकको एक समूहमाथि आक्रमण गर्दा २८ जनाको [[सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार|मृत्यु भएको छ]]। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[भारत]] प्रशासित [[जम्मु र कश्मीर (केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश)|कश्मीर]]मा आतङ्ककारी समूहले पर्यटकको एक समूहमाथि आक्रमण गर्दा २८ जनाको [[सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार|मृत्यु भएको छ]]।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/113437/ कश्मीरको पहलगाममा आतङ्कवादी आक्रमण] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] पर्वत सुवेदी २१:३८, ११ वैशाख २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:४६, ११ वैशाख २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ जेठ ३० == ==== एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> * '''मिति''': २०८२ जेठ ३० * '''लेख''': [[एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना]]{{#if:एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना|}} {{#if:एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[भारत]]को अहमदाबाद विमानस्थलबाट उडान भरेको एअर इन्डियाको जहाजको उडान १७१, उडानको केही समयपछि दर्घटनाग्रस्त हुँदा सवार २४१ र सहित दर्जनौँ सर्वसाधारणहरू [[एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना|मृत्यु भएको छ]]। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[भारत]]को अहमदाबाद विमानस्थलबाट उडान भरेको एअर इन्डियाको जहाजको उडान १७१, उडानको केही समयपछि दर्घटनाग्रस्त हुँदा सवार २४१ र सहित दर्जनौँ सर्वसाधारणहरू [[एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना|मृत्यु भएको छ]]।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cwy7dy1nx2vo भारतमा भएको विमान दुर्घटनामा २४१ यात्रुको निधन भएको पुष्टि] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>हिमाल सुवेदी </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] हिमाल सुवेदी १७:२५, ३० जेठ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:३३, १४ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ भदौ १५ == ==== थाइल्याडकी प्रधानमन्त्री बर्खास्त ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Paetongtarn Shinawatra in Bangkok - 20250403 (cropped) - 2.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ भदौ १५ * '''लेख''': [[पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा]]{{#if:पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा|}} {{#if:पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':[[थाइल्यान्डको प्रधानमन्त्री|थाइल्याडकी प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा]]लाई थाइल्यान्डको संवैधानिक अदालतले पदबाट हटाएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[थाइल्यान्डको प्रधानमन्त्री|थाइल्याडकी प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा]]लाई थाइल्यान्डको संवैधानिक अदालतले पदबाट हटाएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/07/1713765/thai-prime-minister-shinawatra-suspended-2 थाइल्यान्डकी प्रधानमन्त्री सिनावात्रा निलम्बित] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १४:५०, १५ भदौ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १४:५६, ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ भदौ २६ == ==== पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Hon. Sushila Karki (profile).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ भदौ २६ * '''लेख''': [[सुशीला कार्की]]{{#if:सुशीला कार्की|}} {{#if:सुशीला कार्की}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':पूर्व प्रधानन्यायाधीश '''[[सुशीला कार्की]]''' [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो महिला [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेकी छिन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|पूर्व प्रधानन्यायाधीश '''[[सुशीला कार्की]]''' [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो महिला [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेकी छिन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763407/sushila-karki-becomes-the-first-female-head-of-government पहिलो महिला सरकार प्रमुख बनिन् सुशीला कार्की] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:५६, २६ भदौ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०८:१०, २७ भदौ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ मङ्सिर ६ == ==== शेख हसिना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Sheikh Hasina Addresses Awami League Leaders Ganabhaban 2024-05-17 (cropped).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ मङ्सिर ६ * '''लेख''': [[शेख हसिना]]{{#if:शेख हसिना|}} {{#if:शेख हसिना}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':[[बङ्गलादेश]]की पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]]लाई बङ्गलादेशी न्यायाधिकरणले [[मानवताविरुद्धको अपराध]]मा [[शेख हसिना विरुद्धको मुद्दा|दोषी ठहर]] गर्दै [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को सजाय सुनाएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[बङ्गलादेश]]की पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]] (चित्रित)लाई बङ्गलादेशी न्यायाधिकरणले [[मानवताविरुद्धको अपराध]]मा [[शेख हसिना विरुद्धको मुद्दा|दोषी ठहर]] गर्दै [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को सजाय सुनाएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c9wvzqdqg4wo बङ्गलादेशमा भूतपूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री शेख हसिनालाई मृत्युदण्ड दिने फैसला] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १९:३९, ६ मङ्सिर २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १९:४७, ६ मङ्सिर २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ पुस २० == ==== निकोलस मादुरो ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Nicolás Maduro 2023 (cropped2).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ पुस २० * '''लेख''': [[निकोलस मादुरो]]{{#if:निकोलस मादुरो|}} {{#if:निकोलस मादुरो}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले [[भेनेजुएलामा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|भेनेजुएलामा आक्रमण]] गर्दै राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]लाई पक्राउ गरेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले [[भेनेजुएलामा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|भेनेजुएलामा आक्रमण]] गर्दै राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]लाई पक्राउ गरेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/186583 भेनेजुएलामा अमेरिकी आक्रमण, राष्ट्रपति दम्पती पक्राउ] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८२ पुस २० (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २१:४७, २० पुस २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ फागुन १८ == ==== अली खामेनेई ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Meeting of the families of the martyrs of the authority with the Leader of the Revolution on the birthday of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) 58 (khamenei.ir, 2026) (cropped 3).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ फागुन १८ * '''लेख''': [[अली खामेनेई]]{{#if:अली खामेनेई|}} {{#if:अली खामेनेई}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':इजरायल र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले इरानमाथि [[इरानमाथि इजरायल–संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|गरेको आक्रमण]]मा इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता [[अली खामेनेई]] सहित अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको [[अली खामेनेईको हत्याकाण्ड|मृत्यु]] भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|इजरायल र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले इरानमाथि '''[[इरानमाथि इजरायल–संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|गरेको आक्रमण]]'''मा इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता [[अली खामेनेई]] (''चित्रित'') सहित अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको '''[[अली खामेनेईको हत्याकाण्ड|मृत्यु]]''' भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1880744/iran-confirms-death-of-supreme-leader-khamenei-declares-40-days-of-mourning इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता खामेनीको मृत्यु पुष्टि, ४० दिन शोक घोषणा] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८२ फागुन १८ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २१:४७, १८ फागुन २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८३ साउन ४ == ==== फिफा विश्वकप २०२६ ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Ferran Torres France v Spain 7.24.26-237 (cropped).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८३ साउन ४ * '''लेख''': [[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप]]{{#if:फिफा विश्वकप २०२६|}} {{#if:फिफा विश्वकप २०२६}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':[[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा विश्वकप २०२६]]को '''[[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|फाइनल]]'''मा [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|स्पेन]]ले [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]लाई पराजित गर्दै दोस्रो पटक उपाधि जितेको छ। (खेलका उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी [[फेरान तोरेस]]को तस्वीर)। * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cwy2lw02e8xo स्पेन बन्यो विश्वविजेता, आर्जेन्टिनालाई हराउँदै दोस्रो पटक उपाधि हासिल गर्न सफल] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८३ साउन ४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २२:५१, २० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८३ साउन १६ == ==== ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Broad Peak in July 2006.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८३ साउन १६ * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो]]{{#if:सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो|}} {{#if:सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':पाकिस्तानको [[ब्रोड शिखर]]मा (''चित्रित'') गएको '''[[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो|हिमपहिरो]]'''मा परि १० जना पर्वतारोहीहरूको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/08/1987145/broad-peak-avalanche-all-10-climbers-confirmed-dead-6-nepalis-among-dead ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : सबै १० पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि, मृतकमध्ये ६ जना नेपाली ] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८३ साउन १६ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': </div> </div> jtl5cnsdhzva4aiossptje7pnp38trq 1368414 1368413 2026-08-04T05:39:44Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1368414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{प्रमुख समाचार शिर्षक}} {{विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार/शिर्षक}} == सङ्ग्रह == {{विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार/सङ्ग्रह}} {{Anchor|Suggestions}} == १ माघ २०७९ == ==== यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': १ माघ २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख1}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[पोखरा]]मा भएको '''[[यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना|विमान दुर्घटनामा]]''' ''(विमान चित्रित)'' सवार सबै ७२ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[पोखरा]]मा भएको '''[[यति एयरलाइन्सको एटिआर-७२ विमान दुर्घटना|विमान दुर्घटनामा]]''' ''(विमान चित्रित)'' सवार सबै ७२ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/news/2023/01/15/167378100098839998.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण भएकोले। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०६, २ माघ २०७९ (नेपाली समय) </div> : अक्षर गणना मा भएकाे डाटा अलिक बुजिन नि। यसलाई स्पष्ट गरिदिनु न। धन्यवाद! [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:१६, १६ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == २०७९ माघ २६ == ==== यू-२० महिला साफ च्याम्पियनसिप : नेपाल उपविजेता ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': २६ माघ २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[यू-२० महिला साफ च्याम्पियनसिप]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': नेपाल यू–२० वुमेन्स साफ च्याम्पियनसिप २०२३ को उपविजेता भएको छ भने बङ्गलादेश विजेता भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|नेपाल यू–२० वुमेन्स साफ च्याम्पियनसिप २०२३ को उपविजेता भएको छ भने बङ्गलादेश विजेता भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/02/09/16759549858527781.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Sgt_gh|Sgt_gh]] * '''टिप्पणी''': लेख त महत्त्वपूर्ण छ तर यो सँग जोडिएको लेख अपूर्ण छ त्यसैले मेराे {{असमर्थन}} छ तत्काल को लागी। धन्यवाद! [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४१, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०७९ माघ २३ == ==== टर्की र सिरियामा ७.८ म्याग्निच्युडको शक्तिशाली भूकम्प। ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Turkey_earthquake_2023_montage.png|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २३ माघ २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२३ टर्की-सिरिया भूकम्प]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': टर्की र सिरियामा गएको [[सन् २०२३ टर्की-सिरिया भूकम्प|शक्तिशाली कम्प]] परी २७ हजारभन्दा बढीको मृत्यु हुनुका साथै ८७ हजारभन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|टर्की र सिरियामा गएको [[सन् २०२३ टर्की-सिरिया भूकम्प|शक्तिशाली कम्प]] परी २७ हजारभन्दा बढीको मृत्यु हुनुका साथै ८७ हजारभन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/world/2023/02/09/167591888004977104.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Sgt_gh|Sgt_gh]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण भएकोले। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०६, २८ माघ २०७९ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २८ फागुन २०७९ == ==== रामचन्द्र पौडेल ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': २८ फागुन २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख1}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': '''[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]''' [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|'''[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]''' [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/politics/1110181-1678360241.html नागरिक] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण भएकोले। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०६, २८ फागुन २०७९ (नेपाली समय) </div> : {{U|बडा काजी}}, यसमा २८ फाल्गुण लेख्नु को कारण? [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:२७, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) ::{{u|Fade258}}, राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]]को कार्यकाल फागुन २८ गते सकिन्छ। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २२:३०, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) :::{{U|बडा काजी}}, २८ फाल्गुण त कार्यकाल सक्किने मिति भयो तर प्रमुख समाचार को निवेदन त आज २५ फाल्गुण मा गरिएको हो नि। हाेइन? [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:३६, ९ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == २२ चैत, २०७९ == ==== उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Flag of NATO.svg|100x100px|उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठनको झण्डा]] </div> * '''मिति''': २२ चैत, २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]]{{#if:फिनल्यान्ड|,}} {{#if:फिनल्यान्ड|[[फिनल्यान्ड]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[फिनल्यान्ड]] '''[[उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]]'''को ''(झण्डा चित्रित)'' ३१ औँ सदस्य बनेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[फिनल्यान्ड]] '''[[उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]]'''को ''(झण्डा चित्रित)'' ३१ औँ सदस्य बनेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://shilapatra.com/detail/109322 शिलापत्र] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १५:२४, ८ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २१ वैशाख २०८० == ==== चार्ल्स तृतीय ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Charles III coronation photo.jpg|100x100px|चार्ल्स तृतीय]] </div> * '''मिति''': २२ चैत, २०७९ * '''लेख''': [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]]{{#if:संयुक्त अधिराज्य|,}} * '''खबर''': राजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]]ले वेस्टमिन्स्टर एबीमा आयोजित विशेष समारोहबीच राजमुकुट पहिरिएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|चार्ल्स तृतीयले वेस्टमिन्स्टर एबीमा आयोजित विशेष समारोहबीच राजमुकुट पहिरिएका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c7214dez3w9o बिबिसी नेपाली] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २०:२७, ७ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १६ जेठ २०८० == ==== २०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Ipl.svg|100x100px|इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग]] </div> * '''मिति''': ३० मे २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[२०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग]]{{#if:भारतीय क्रिकेट नियन्त्रण बोर्ड|,}} * '''खबर''': [[चेन्नई सुपर किङ्स]]ले [[गुजरात टाइटन्स]]लाई हराउँदै [[२०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिग]]को उपाधि पाँचौँपल्ट जितेको छ । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|चेन्नई सुपर किङ्सले गुजरात टाइटन्सलाई हराउँदै २०२३ इन्डियन प्रिमियर लिगको उपाधि पाँचौँपल्ट जितेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/05/30/168539112644189031.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १६:२९, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १७:०६, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १६ जेठ २०८० == ==== सन् २०२३ ओडिसा रेल दुर्घटना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> * '''मिति''': ३० मे २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[२०२३ ओडिशा रेल दुर्घटना]] * '''खबर''': भारतको ओडिसामा शुक्रबार बेलुका भएको [[२०२३ ओडिशा रेल दुर्घटना|रेल दुर्घटना]]मा परी २९० जना भन्दा धेरैको मृत्यु भएको छ र १,१०० भन्दा धेरै घाइते भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतको ओडिसामा शुक्रबार बेलुका भएको [[२०२३ ओडिशा रेल दुर्घटना|रेल दुर्घटना]]मा परी २९० जना भन्दा धेरैको मृत्यु भएको छ र १,१०० भन्दा धेरै घाइते भएका छन्। ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://ekantipur.com/world/2023/06/04/168584158691422470.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १६:५५, ४ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २०:५०, ५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २९ जेठ २०८० == ==== सन् २०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Rhodri Man City 2021 2.jpg|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': १२ जुन २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[२०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] * '''खबर''': [[२०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]को फाइनल खेलमा [[म्यानचेस्टर सिटी फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर सिटी]]ले [[इन्टर मिलान]]लाई १-० ले पराजित गरेर आफ्नो पहिलो [[युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग|च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] उपाधि जितेको छ। (चित्रमा खेलको [[म्यान अफ द म्याच]] रोद्री) * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[२०२२-२३ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]को फाइनल खेलमा [[म्यानचेस्टर सिटी फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर सिटी]]ले [[इन्टर मिलान]]लाई १-० ले पराजित गरेर आफ्नो पहिलो च्याम्पियन्स लिग उपाधि जितेको छ। }} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/133765.html हाम्रोखेलकुद] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])}Bishaldev २३:३८, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २१:४८, १४ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १० असार २०८० == ==== वाग्नर विद्रोह ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:YevgenyPrigozhin.jpg|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': २५ जुन २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[वाग्नर विद्रोह]] * '''खबर''': रुसमा, बेलारुसी राष्ट्रपति [[अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्को]]सँगको वार्तापछि, [[यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन]] [[वाग्नर विद्रोह]] अन्त्य गर्न सहमत भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|रसियामा, बेलारुसी राष्ट्रपति अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्कोसँगको वार्तापछि, यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन वाग्नर विद्रोह अन्त्य गर्न सहमत भएका छन्। }} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/crgd1ed9y55o BBC Nepali] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])}Bishaldev १७:३०, २५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १८:५७, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == ८ भदौ २०८० == ==== चन्द्रयान-३ ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:GSLV Mk III M1, Chandrayaan-2 - Pragyan rover mounted on the ramp of Vikram lander (cropped).jpg|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': २५ अगस्ट २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[चन्द्रयान-३]] * '''खबर''': भारतीय अन्तरीक्षयान [[चन्द्रयान-३]] प्रज्ञान रोभरको साथ चन्द्रमाको दक्षिणी ध्रुवमा अवतरण गरेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय अन्तरीक्षयान [[चन्द्रयान-३]] प्रज्ञान रोभरको साथ [[चन्द्रमा]]को दक्षिणी ध्रुवमा अवतरण गरेको छ। ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-chandrayaan-3-vikram-lander-touch-down-live-updates/article67219323.ece द हिन्दु] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १६:४४, २५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - [[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:०८, २६ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == ८ भदौ २०८० == ==== यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन सवार विमान दुर्घटना==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Prigozhin and Utkin.png|100x100px|रोद्री]] </div> * '''मिति''': २५ अगस्ट २०२३ * '''लेख''': [[यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन]] * '''खबर''': [[वाग्नर समूह]]का नेता [[यभगेनी प्रिगोजिन]] सवार बिजनेस जेट त्भर ओब्लास्त, रुसमा दुर्घटना हुँदा त्यसमा रहेका सबै दस जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय अन्तरीक्षयान [[चन्द्रयान-३]] प्रज्ञान रोभरको साथ चन्द्रमाको दक्षिणी ध्रुवमा अवतरण गरेको छ। ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.ft.com/content/812c9da3-80f2-4fe1-8fad-0b4441d1977a फाइनान्सियल टाइम्स] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev १७:०३, २५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:०८, २६ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८० असोज २० == ====हमासद्वारा इजरायल माथि आक्रमण ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:פגיעת רקטה ברכב בראשון לציון.jpg|100x100px|रकेट बिस्फोटको असर]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८० असाैज २० * '''लेख''': [[अक्टोबर २०२३ गाजा–इजरायल संघर्ष]] * '''खबर''':[[हमास]]ले [[इजरायल]]माथि सयौँ रकेटहरू प्रहार गरेपछि गाजा क्षेत्र [[अक्टोबर २०२३ गाजा–इजरायल संघर्ष|लडाइँ]] सुरु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[हमास]]ले [[इजरायल]]माथि सयौँ रकेटहरू प्रहार गरेपछि गाजा क्षेत्र [[अक्टोबर २०२३ गाजा–इजरायल संघर्ष|लडाइँ]] सुरु भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c109dm2nyp2o बिबिसी नेपाली] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} Bishaldev Bishaldev १९:५२, ७ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२३, ८ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १९ कात्तिक २०८० == ==== जाजरकोट भूकम्प, २०८० ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:2023-11-03 Nepal M5.7 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg|100x100px|जाजरकोट भूकम्प]] </div> * '''मिति''': १९ कात्तिक २०८० * '''लेख''': [[जाजरकोट भूकम्प, २०८०]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': नेपालको कर्णाली प्रदेशमा आएको भूकम्पका कारण १५७ जनाको ज्यान गएको छ भने २५० भन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्। जाजरकोट केन्द्र बनाएर आएको उक्त भूकम्पको धक्का नेपालभर र उत्तरी भारतमासमेत महसुस गरिएको थियो। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|नेपालको कर्णाली प्रदेशमा आएको भूकम्पका कारण १५७ जनाको ज्यान गएको छ भने २५० भन्दा बढी घाइते भएका छन्। जाजरकोट केन्द्र बनाएर आएको उक्त भूकम्पको धक्का नेपालभर र उत्तरी भारतमासमेत महसुस गरिएको थियो।}} * '''स्रोत''': https://www.bbc.com/nepali/live/67325607 * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': <b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> ०३:२४, ६ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{Done}} --[[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:३४, ६ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २० फागुन २०८० == ==== पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Mian Shehbaz Sharif.JPG|100x100px|शहबाज शरिफ]] </div> * '''मिति''': २० फागुन २०८० * '''लेख''': [[पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[सन् २०२४ पाकिस्तानी आम निर्वाचन|आम निर्वाचन]] पश्चात्, [[शहबाज शरिफ]] (चित्रित) [[पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त हुँदै [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नवाज)|पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नुन)]] र [[पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी]] बीच गठबन्धन सरकार गठन गरेका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[सन् २०२४ पाकिस्तानी आम निर्वाचन|आम निर्वाचन]] पश्चात्, [[शहबाज शरिफ]] (चित्रित) [[पाकिस्तानको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त हुँदै [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नवाज)|पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लिग (नुन)]] र [[पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी]] बीच गठबन्धन सरकार गठन गरेका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2024/03/1443824 * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १९:४९, ३ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ११:२०, ४ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == १२ चैत २०८० == ====क्रोकस सिटी हलको आक्रमण ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Crocus City Hall 2020.jpg|thumb|सन् २०२० मा, क्रोकस सिटी हल|alt=सन् २०२० मा, क्रोकस सिटी हल]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८० चैत १२ * '''लेख''': [[क्रोकस सिटी हलमा आक्रमण]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': रूस मस्कोमा अवस्थित क्रास्नोगोर्स्कको क्रोकस सिटी हलमा भएको [[क्रोकस सिटी हलमा आक्रमण|आक्रमण]]मा कम्तिमा १३३ को मृत्यु भएको छ । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|रूस मस्कोमा अवस्थित क्रास्नोगोर्स्कको क्रोकस सिटी हलमा भएको [[क्रोकस सिटी हलमा आक्रमण|आक्रमण]]मा कम्तिमा १३३ को मृत्यु भएको छ । }} * '''स्रोत''': https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c720xlrdzpqo * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev १०:१८, २५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:००, २७ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == ३० जेठ २०८१ == === भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४ === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait (crop).png|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': ३० जेठ २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[भारत]]मा '''[[भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४|भएको आम निर्वाचन]]'''मा [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] ''(चित्रित)'' कम बहुमतका साथ पुनः निर्वाचित भएका छन् । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[भारत]]मा '''[[भारतको आम निर्वाचन, २०२४|भएको आम निर्वाचन]]'''मा [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] ''(चित्रित)'' कम बहुमतका साथ पुनः निर्वाचित भएका छन् ।}} * '''स्रोत''': * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १५:४६, १३ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == असार २०८१ == === किअर स्टार्मर === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|100x100px|किअर स्टार्मर]] </div> * '''मिति''': २२ असार २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[किअर स्टार्मर]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': '''[[किअर स्टार्मर]]''' ''(चित्रित)'' [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|'''[[किअर स्टार्मर]]''' ''(चित्रित)'' [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/ckrg9d4rng3o बीबीसी] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १५:४६, २२ असार २०८० (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> === डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Donald Trump official portrait.jpg|100x100px|डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] </div> * '''मिति''': २८ असार, २०८० * '''लेख''': [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास]]{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': अमेरिकाका पूर्वराष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]माथि पेन्सिल्भेनिआ आयोजित एउटा र्‍यालीमा [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास|गोली प्रहार]] भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|अमेरिकाका पूर्वराष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]माथि पेन्सिल्भेनिआ आयोजित एउटा र्‍यालीमा [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पको हत्या प्रयास|गोली प्रहार]] भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cp38jmx4zzgo डोनल्ड ट्रम्पको 'हत्या गर्ने प्रयास', कानमा गोली लाग्यो] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev १२:१४, १४ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १३:३२, १४ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २५ साउन २०८१ == === शेख हसिनाद्वारा राजीनामा र पलायन === <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Sheikh Hasina in the Maldives 2021.jpg|150x150px|शेख हसिना]] </div> * '''मिति''': * '''लेख''': [[असहयोग आन्दोलन (सन् २०२४)]] * '''खबर''': [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[असहयोग आन्दोलन (सन् २०२४)|सरकार विरोधी आन्दोलन]] उत्कर्षमा पुगेपछि प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]]ले पदबाट राजीनामा दिएर देश छाडेकी छिन् र '''[[मुहम्मद युनुस]]''' [[युनुसको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]को नेता नियुक्त भएका छन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[असहयोग आन्दोलन (सन् २०२४)|सरकार विरोधी आन्दोलन]] उत्कर्षमा पुगेपछि प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]]ले पदबाट राजीनामा दिएर देश छाडेकी छिन् र '''[[मुहम्मद युनुस]]''' [[युनुसको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]को नेता नियुक्त भएका छन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cw8yynp6jpvo बाङ्लादेशमा प्रधानमन्त्री शेख हसिनाद्वारा राजीनामा, देश छाडिन्] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev १०:००, ७ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#006400"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०२:५६, २३ साउन २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २१ कात्तिक २०८१ == ==== सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[चित्र:Donald Trump official portrait.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २१ कात्तिक २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन]]{{#if:डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प|,}} {{#if:डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प|[[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति]]मा [[सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन|निर्वाचित]] भएका छन् र [[रिपब्लिकन पार्टी (अमेरिका)|रिपब्लिकन पार्टी]]ले [[अमेरिकी सिनेट|अमेरिकी सिनेट]]मा बहुमत हासिल गरेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति]]मा [[सन् २०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन|निर्वाचित]] भएका छन् र [[रिपब्लिकन पार्टी (अमेरिका)|रिपब्लिकन पार्टी]]ले [[अमेरिकी सिनेट|अमेरिकी सिनेट]]मा बहुमत हासिल गरेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/11/04/us/harris-trump-election New York Times] [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/presidential-election-polls-2024-latest-surveys-on-harris-vs-trump-before-election-day/ar-AA1ttqql USA Today] [https://www.cnn.com/election/2024 CNN] [https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4969061-trump-wins-presidential-election/ The Hill] [https://ekantipur.com/world/2024/11/06/trump-wins-the-us-presidency-22-52.html कान्तिपुर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]]Bishaldev १७:२७, ६ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#006400"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:४०, २२ कात्तिक २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == पुस २०८१ == ==== मनमोहन सिंह ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': १२ पुस २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[मनमोहन सिंह]]{{#if:डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प|,}} {{#if:मनमोहन सिंह}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': भारतीय [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को ९२ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को ९२ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2024/12/1593552/former-indian-prime-minister-manmohan-singh-passes-away-2 अनलाइन खबर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="F0220"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०२:०८, १२ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#00340"></b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:४०, १२ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> ====जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Boeing 737-8AS Jeju Air HL8088 3012 (MSN 37541) Cheongju Intl Airport May 14, 2021.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८१ पुुस १३ * '''लेख''': [[जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना]] * '''खबर''': [[दक्षिण कोरिया]]को मुआन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलमा [[जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना]] हुँदा १७९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[दक्षिण कोरिया]]को मुआन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलमा [[जेजु एयर उडान २२१६ दुर्घटना]] हुँदा १७९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c8rj8l0j6x1o जोर्ज राइट बीबीसी समाचार] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev २२:३२, ३० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#00640"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:४०, १४ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> ==== जिमी कार्टरको निधन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': १२ पुस २०८१ * '''लेख''': [[जिमी कार्टर]]{{#if:जिमी कार्टर|}} {{#if:जिमी कार्टर}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': अमेरिकाका [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|पूर्व राष्ट्रपति]] तथा [[नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार]] विजेता [[जिम्मी कार्टर]]को १०० वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|भारतीय [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को ९२ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2024/12/1593552/former-indian-prime-minister-manmohan-singh-passes-away-2 अनलाइन खबर] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="F0220"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०२:०८, १५ पुस २०८१ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १३:०६, ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ वैशाख ८ == ==== पोप फ्रान्सिसको निधन ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Portrait_of_Pope_Francis_(2021)_FXD.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ बैशाख ८ * '''लेख''': [[पोप फ्रान्सिस]]{{#if:पोप फ्रान्सिस|}} {{#if:पोप फ्रान्सिस}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[पोप फ्रान्सिस]]को ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ । * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[पोप फ्रान्सिस]]को ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन भएको छ । }} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cevdnekp3zvo पोप फ्रान्सिसको ८८ वर्षको उमेरमा निधन] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>Bishal Shrestha </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:bishaldev100|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] Bishaldev २१:३८, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:४६, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ वैशाख १० == ==== पहलगाम नरसंहार ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> * '''मिति''': २०८२ वैशाख १० * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार]]{{#if:सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार|}} {{#if:सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[भारत]] प्रशासित [[जम्मु र कश्मीर (केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश)|कश्मीर]]मा आतङ्ककारी समूहले पर्यटकको एक समूहमाथि आक्रमण गर्दा २८ जनाको [[सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार|मृत्यु भएको छ]]। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[भारत]] प्रशासित [[जम्मु र कश्मीर (केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश)|कश्मीर]]मा आतङ्ककारी समूहले पर्यटकको एक समूहमाथि आक्रमण गर्दा २८ जनाको [[सन् २०२५ पहलगाम नरसंहार|मृत्यु भएको छ]]।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/113437/ कश्मीरको पहलगाममा आतङ्कवादी आक्रमण] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] पर्वत सुवेदी २१:३८, ११ वैशाख २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:४६, ११ वैशाख २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ जेठ ३० == ==== एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> * '''मिति''': २०८२ जेठ ३० * '''लेख''': [[एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना]]{{#if:एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना|}} {{#if:एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''': [[भारत]]को अहमदाबाद विमानस्थलबाट उडान भरेको एअर इन्डियाको जहाजको उडान १७१, उडानको केही समयपछि दर्घटनाग्रस्त हुँदा सवार २४१ र सहित दर्जनौँ सर्वसाधारणहरू [[एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना|मृत्यु भएको छ]]। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[भारत]]को अहमदाबाद विमानस्थलबाट उडान भरेको एअर इन्डियाको जहाजको उडान १७१, उडानको केही समयपछि दर्घटनाग्रस्त हुँदा सवार २४१ र सहित दर्जनौँ सर्वसाधारणहरू [[एअर इन्डियाको उडान १७१ दुर्घटना|मृत्यु भएको छ]]।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cwy7dy1nx2vo भारतमा भएको विमान दुर्घटनामा २४१ यात्रुको निधन भएको पुष्टि] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>हिमाल सुवेदी </b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] हिमाल सुवेदी १७:२५, ३० जेठ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} --[[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:३३, १४ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ भदौ १५ == ==== थाइल्याडकी प्रधानमन्त्री बर्खास्त ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Paetongtarn Shinawatra in Bangkok - 20250403 (cropped) - 2.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ भदौ १५ * '''लेख''': [[पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा]]{{#if:पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा|}} {{#if:पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':[[थाइल्यान्डको प्रधानमन्त्री|थाइल्याडकी प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा]]लाई थाइल्यान्डको संवैधानिक अदालतले पदबाट हटाएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[थाइल्यान्डको प्रधानमन्त्री|थाइल्याडकी प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[पेटोङटार्न सिनावात्रा]]लाई थाइल्यान्डको संवैधानिक अदालतले पदबाट हटाएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/07/1713765/thai-prime-minister-shinawatra-suspended-2 थाइल्यान्डकी प्रधानमन्त्री सिनावात्रा निलम्बित] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १४:५०, १५ भदौ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १४:५६, ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ भदौ २६ == ==== पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Hon. Sushila Karki (profile).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ भदौ २६ * '''लेख''': [[सुशीला कार्की]]{{#if:सुशीला कार्की|}} {{#if:सुशीला कार्की}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':पूर्व प्रधानन्यायाधीश '''[[सुशीला कार्की]]''' [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो महिला [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेकी छिन्। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|पूर्व प्रधानन्यायाधीश '''[[सुशीला कार्की]]''' [[नेपाल]]को पहिलो महिला [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनेकी छिन्।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763407/sushila-karki-becomes-the-first-female-head-of-government पहिलो महिला सरकार प्रमुख बनिन् सुशीला कार्की] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:५६, २६ भदौ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०८:१०, २७ भदौ २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ मङ्सिर ६ == ==== शेख हसिना ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Sheikh Hasina Addresses Awami League Leaders Ganabhaban 2024-05-17 (cropped).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ मङ्सिर ६ * '''लेख''': [[शेख हसिना]]{{#if:शेख हसिना|}} {{#if:शेख हसिना}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':[[बङ्गलादेश]]की पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]]लाई बङ्गलादेशी न्यायाधिकरणले [[मानवताविरुद्धको अपराध]]मा [[शेख हसिना विरुद्धको मुद्दा|दोषी ठहर]] गर्दै [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को सजाय सुनाएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|[[बङ्गलादेश]]की पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेख हसिना]] (चित्रित)लाई बङ्गलादेशी न्यायाधिकरणले [[मानवताविरुद्धको अपराध]]मा [[शेख हसिना विरुद्धको मुद्दा|दोषी ठहर]] गर्दै [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को सजाय सुनाएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c9wvzqdqg4wo बङ्गलादेशमा भूतपूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री शेख हसिनालाई मृत्युदण्ड दिने फैसला] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १९:३९, ६ मङ्सिर २०८२ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''': {{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १९:४७, ६ मङ्सिर २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ पुस २० == ==== निकोलस मादुरो ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Nicolás Maduro 2023 (cropped2).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ पुस २० * '''लेख''': [[निकोलस मादुरो]]{{#if:निकोलस मादुरो|}} {{#if:निकोलस मादुरो}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले [[भेनेजुएलामा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|भेनेजुएलामा आक्रमण]] गर्दै राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]लाई पक्राउ गरेको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले [[भेनेजुएलामा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|भेनेजुएलामा आक्रमण]] गर्दै राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]लाई पक्राउ गरेको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/186583 भेनेजुएलामा अमेरिकी आक्रमण, राष्ट्रपति दम्पती पक्राउ] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८२ पुस २० (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २१:४७, २० पुस २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८२ फागुन १८ == ==== अली खामेनेई ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Meeting of the families of the martyrs of the authority with the Leader of the Revolution on the birthday of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) 58 (khamenei.ir, 2026) (cropped 3).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८२ फागुन १८ * '''लेख''': [[अली खामेनेई]]{{#if:अली खामेनेई|}} {{#if:अली खामेनेई}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':इजरायल र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले इरानमाथि [[इरानमाथि इजरायल–संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|गरेको आक्रमण]]मा इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता [[अली खामेनेई]] सहित अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको [[अली खामेनेईको हत्याकाण्ड|मृत्यु]] भएको छ। * '''अक्षर गणना''':{{अक्षर गणना|इजरायल र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले इरानमाथि '''[[इरानमाथि इजरायल–संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|गरेको आक्रमण]]'''मा इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता [[अली खामेनेई]] (''चित्रित'') सहित अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको '''[[अली खामेनेईको हत्याकाण्ड|मृत्यु]]''' भएको छ।}} * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1880744/iran-confirms-death-of-supreme-leader-khamenei-declares-40-days-of-mourning इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता खामेनीको मृत्यु पुष्टि, ४० दिन शोक घोषणा] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८२ फागुन १८ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २१:४७, १८ फागुन २०८२ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८३ साउन ४ == ==== फिफा विश्वकप २०२६ ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Ferran Torres France v Spain 7.24.26-237 (cropped).jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८३ साउन ४ * '''लेख''': [[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप]]{{#if:फिफा विश्वकप २०२६|}} {{#if:फिफा विश्वकप २०२६}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':[[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा विश्वकप २०२६]]को '''[[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|फाइनल]]'''मा [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|स्पेन]]ले [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]लाई पराजित गर्दै दोस्रो पटक उपाधि जितेको छ। (खेलका उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी [[फेरान तोरेस]]को तस्वीर)। * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cwy2lw02e8xo स्पेन बन्यो विश्वविजेता, आर्जेन्टिनालाई हराउँदै दोस्रो पटक उपाधि हासिल गर्न सफल] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८३ साउन ४ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २२:५१, २० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> == २०८३ साउन १६ == ==== ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो ==== <div style="background-color:#e6f2ff; border:1px solid #a3b1bf; padding: 6px;"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> [[File:Broad Peak in July 2006.jpg|100x100px|]] </div> * '''मिति''': २०८३ साउन १६ * '''लेख''': [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो]]{{#if:सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो|}} {{#if:सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो}}{{#if:|}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख2}}}]]}}{{#if:|,}} {{#if:|[[{{{लेख3}}}]]}} * '''खबर''':पाकिस्तानको [[ब्रोड शिखर]]मा (''चित्रित'') गएको '''[[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो|हिमपहिरो]]'''मा परि १० जना पर्वतारोहीहरूको मृत्यु भएको छ। * '''स्रोत''': [https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/08/1987145/broad-peak-avalanche-all-10-climbers-confirmed-dead-6-nepalis-among-dead ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : सबै १० पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि, मृतकमध्ये ६ जना नेपाली ] * '''नामाङ्कनकर्ता''': [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुवेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२४, २०८३ साउन १६ (नेपाली समय) * '''टिप्पणी''':{{सम्पन्न}} - समाचार महत्वपूर्ण भएकाले [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ११:२४, १९ साउन २०८३ (नेपाली समय) </div> </div> 8gyeyilv15c9kaurrkuv10xse8qssn1 0 80512 1368358 1344317 2026-08-03T12:41:16Z Saroj 31493 Synced 2 categories from enwiki ([[:m:User:Saroj/CatSync|CatSync]]) 1368358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Melissa Leo at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg | imagesize = | caption = मेलिस्सा लियो | birthname = मेलिस्सा लियो | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1960|9|14}} | birth_place = [[न्युयोर्क सहर|न्यू योर्क]] ,संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका | yearsactive = १९८४–वर्तमान | occupation = अभिनेत्री | spouse = | children = | website = {{URL|http://www.melissaleo.com/}} }} '''मेलिस्सा लियो'''(जन्म: सेप्टेम्बर १४, १९६०) एक अमेरिकी अभिनेत्री हुन्। == बाल्यकाल == ==चलचित्र शुरुवात== == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == == फिल्मोग्राफी== ==अवार्ड तथा मनोनयन== == प्रसिद्धि == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Melissa Leo|मेलिस्सा लियो}} * {{IMDb name|502425|मेलिस्सा लियो}} [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-४ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६० मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:प्राइमटाइम एमी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका अमेरिकी अभिनेत्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टेलिभिजन अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी आवाज अभिनेत्रीहरू]] kxlbfolggnfpmpgg05op7uqp6nfhytk 0 80619 1368362 1366861 2026-08-03T14:11:32Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* म मरे पनि मेरो देश */ 1368362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख}} {{for|भारतको लागि नेपाली राजदूत |महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह}} {{Infobox Monarch | name = महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव | image = King Mahendra of Nepal.jpg | caption = महाराजाधिराज महेन्द्रको राज्याभिषेकका बेला | succession = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] | reign = वि.सं. २०११ चैत १ – वि.सं. २०२८ माघ १७<ref>[https://pustakalaya.org/media/uploads/op/pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf नेपालको शाह तथा राणा वंशावली: विष्णु प्रसाद श्रेष्ठ]</ref> | predecessor = [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रिभुवन]] | successor = [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] | consort = महेन्द्र | full name = | regnal name = श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव | house = [[शाह वंश|शाह]] | house-type = वंश | primeminister = [[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य]] | spouse = इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह <br/><small>(वि.सं. १९९७ बैशाख २९<ref>नेपालको शाह तथा राणा वंशावली: विष्णु प्रसाद श्रेष्ठ पृष्ठ २</ref> –२००७ भदौ १८, मृत्यू)</small> <br>[[रानी रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह|रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] <small>(वि.सं. २००९ माघ २५–२०२८, मौसुफको मृत्यु)</small> | issue = शान्ति शाही<br/>शारदा शाह<br/>[[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]]<br />[[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह]]<br />शोभा शाही<br/>[[धीरेन्द्र शाह|धिरेन्द्र शाह]] | royal house = | royal anthem = श्रीमान गम्भिर | father = [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रिभुवन‎]] | mother = [[कान्ति राज्यलक्ष्मीदेवी शाह|कान्ति राज्यलक्ष्मी]] | birth_date = १९७७ जेठ ३०<br>{{Birth date|1920|06|11|df=y}} | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार सङ्ग्रहालय|नारायणहिटी दरवार]], [[काठमाडौँ]] | death_date = वि.सं. २०२८ माघ १७ <br>{{Death date and age|1972|1|31|1920|06|11|df=y}} | death_place = [[दियालो बङ्गला राजदरबार|दियालो बङ्गला]], [[भरतपुर महानगरपालिका|भरतपुर]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्र र गणतन्त्र नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.prateekdaily.com/2020/07/blog-post_14.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रतिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> | place of burial = | coronation = वि.सं. २०१३ वैशाख २१ | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] | signature = }} '''महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह''' नेपालका नवौँ [[शाह वंश|शाहवंशीय]] राजा थिए। उनले वि.सं. २०११ चैत १ देखि वि.सं. २०२८ माघ १७ सम्म [[नेपालका राजा|नेपालको राजा]]को रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0" /> उनले १९९७ वैशाख २९ गते [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरि शमशेर जबरा]]की छोरी इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाहसँग विवाह गरेका थिए जहाँ उनीसँग उनका तीन छोरा [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]], [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र]] र [[धीरेन्द्र शाह|धीरेन्द्र]] र तीन छोरी शान्ति, शारदा र शोभा रहेका थिए। राजा महेन्द्रले वि.सं. २०१८ सालमा नवलपरासीको उनले ‘महेन्द्र राजमार्ग’ शिलान्यास गरेका थिए भने उनलेे वि.सं. २०२२ सालमा [[नवलपरासी जिल्ला]]को गैँडाकोटमा [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]]को उद्घाटन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजतन्त्रको पालामा बनेको गौरव महेन्द्र राजमार्ग गणतन्त्रमा जीर्ण अवस्थामा|युआरएल=https://nepalpatra.com/thought/124834/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्र|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> महेन्द्र उच्चकोटीको राजनीतिक र कुटनीतिक चातुर्यता भएका दूरदर्शी राजा थिए। आजको विन्दुबाट इतिहासलाई फर्केर हेर्दा उनले चालेका प्रत्येक कदम दूरदर्शी एवम् राष्ट्रिय भावनाबाट प्रेरित रहेको अनुभव गर्न सकिन्छ।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=महेन्द्रको दूरदर्शी विचारले नेपाल अहिले स्वतन्त्र छ – कमल थापा|युआरएल=https://www.kharibot.com/news-details/34868/kharibot|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=खरिबोट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सन्दर्भ पुस १ राजा महेन्द्र, जसले भारतीय सेनालाई नेपालबाट धपाए|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2015/12/363243|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== राजा महेन्द्रको जन्म विक्रम सम्वत् १९७७ मा [[नारायणहिटी दरबार सङ्ग्रहालय|नारायणहिटी दरबार]]मा भएको थियो। उनको विवाह [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शमशेर]]को नातिनी इन्द्र राज्य लक्ष्मीसँग भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ रत्नको आमा बन्ने अधिकार हनन् भएको थियो|युआरएल=https://www.dcnepal.com/2020/08/181191/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=डिसी नेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> विक्रम सम्वत २००७ कात्तिक २१ मा [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले भारतीय दुतावासमा शरण लिंदा युवराज महेन्द्र पनि सँगै गएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=फागुन ४ देखि ७ रोचक, महत्पूर्ण र नाटकीय चार दिन|युआरएल=https://www.ghamchhaya.com/?p=2073|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घामछायाँ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> राजा त्रिभुवनले [[सात सालको क्रान्ति|२००७ को क्रान्ति]]पछि राणाहरूलाई बिदाइ गर्ने क्रममा [[नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान २००७|२००७ को अन्तरिम शासन बिधान]]मा राजसंस्थाको अधिकार घटाएकोमा महेन्द्रको चित्त बुझेको थिएन ।<ref name=":49">{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2020/12/12/160774023766243358.html|title=इतिहासको आँखामा 'एक अत्याचार'|website=ekantipur.com|language=ne|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref> ==शासनकाल== [[चित्र:Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah.jpg|thumb|left]] महेन्द्र राजा त्रिभुवनको उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा नेपालको राजा भएका थिए। राजा त्रिभुवनले उपचारको लागि युरोप प्रस्थान गर्दाको समयमा महेन्द्रले तात्कालिन राजा त्रिभुवनबाट शासनाधिकारको अख्तियार पाएका थिए। उनको [[राज्याभिषेक]] विक्रम सम्वत् २०१३ वैशाख २१ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/selected-originals-nepal-coronation-of-king-mahe-1|title=Selected Originals Nepal - Coronation Of…}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/nepal-coronation-of-king-mahendra/query/SCARBOROUGH|title=Nepal - Coronation Of King Mahendra|last=Pathé|first=British|publisher=|accessdate=20 July 2016}}</ref> === टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्यको मन्त्रीमण्डल === २०१२ साल माघ १३ गते, राजा महेन्द्रले आचार्यलाई [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=580 वि.सं. २०१२ माघ १३ को राजपत्र]</ref> उनको प्रधानमन्त्रीको क्रममा पहिलो [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|पञ्चवर्षीय योजना]]को सुरु भएको थियो। उनकै पालामा [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्कको स्थापना कहिले भएको हो ?|युआरएल=https://www.nrb.org.np/2020/11/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> र [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]को<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=बारम्बार सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|युआरएल=https://www.supremecourt.gov.np/web/faq|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=सर्वोच्च अदालत|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> स्थापना भएको थियो। आचार्यको कार्यकाललाई विदेश सम्बन्धका लागि नेपालका लागि सुनौलो युगको रुपमा पनि हेरिएको छ। धेरै देशहरूसँग कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध स्थापना गर्नुका साथै सरकार चिनियाँ सरकारसँग घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न सफल भएको थियो। २०१३ असोज २२ गते चीन सरकारले नेपाललाई ६ करोड प्रदान गरेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=महेन्द्रले पत्याएका मान्छे|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/195323-1573190940.html?click_from=category|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=नागरिक दैनिक|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref>[[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य]]ले २०१४ असारमा उनले प्रधानमन्त्री पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref name="rajpatra.dop.gov.np"/> === कुँवर इन्द्रजित सिंहको मन्त्रीमण्डल === [[कुँवर इन्द्रजित सिंह|कुँवर इन्द्रजित सिंह]]लाई २०१४ सालमा राजा महेन्द्रले प्रधानमन्त्रीमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref name="rajpatra.dop.gov.np">http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=1104</ref><ref name=":1">http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=1111</ref> उनको मन्त्रिपरिषदमा शिक्षा मन्त्री महाकवि [[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा]] रहेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=महाकविको कोट र बुद्धचित्तको बोट !|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/53029|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> अत्यन्तै उद्दण्ड स्वभावका देखिएकाले उनको सरकार ३ महिनासम्म पनि टिक्न सकेन। पछि उनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै [[सुवर्ण शमशेर राणा|सुवर्ण सम्शेर राणा]]को नेतृत्त्वमा सरकार गठन भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=तन, मन र धन सबै दिने नेता|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2014/02/26/384775.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> जनरल [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर]]को अनुसार उनले राजा महेन्द्रलाई उनकै पुर्खाहरू मझे निष्क्रिय बनाएर के आइ सिंहले आफू सर्वेसर्वा हुने प्रयास गरेकाले राजा महेन्द्रले उनलाई बर्खास्त गरेका थिए।<ref>नरशमशेरको जीवनी</ref> [[चित्र:King_Mahendra_Bir_Bikram_Shah_and_Queen_Ratna_Rajya_Lakshmi_Devi,_shortly_after_the_King’s_coronation,_1955.jpg|thumb|राजा महेन्द्र र रानी रत्न]] === नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५ === {{मुख्य|नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५}}देशलाई [[संसदीय व्यवस्था]] तर्फ लैजानका लागि राजा महेन्द्रले २०१५ मा संविधान जारी गरेका थिए। यो संविधान विक्रम सम्वत् २०१५ फागुन १ गते घोषणा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=७० वर्षमा ७ संविधान, यस्तो छ नेपालको संविधानको इतिहास|युआरएल=https://www.imagekhabar.com/news/4998/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=इमेज खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> २०१५ सालको निर्वाचन यसै संविधान अनुसार भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपालको संवैधानिक इतिहास|युआरएल=https://nepalpatra.com/articles/42809/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्र|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === आम निर्वाचन २०१५ === {{मुख्य|आम निर्वाचन २०१५}}'''आम निर्वाचन २०१५''', [[नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद|नेपालको संसद्]]को तल्लो सदन [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]को लागि १०९ प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई निर्वाचित गर्नको लागि वि.सं. २०१५ साल फागुन ७ देखि वि.सं. २०१५ साल चैत २१ सम्म ४५ दिन लगाएर गरिएको नेपालको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचन थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सेतोपाटी संवाददाता|शीर्षक=४५ दिन लगाएर गरिएको २०१५ सालको चुनाव|युआरएल=https://www.setopati.com/politics/103408/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=सेतोपाटी|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२७ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> वि.सं. २०१५ फागुन १ गते लागु गरिएको [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५]] बमोजिम यो निर्वाचन सम्पन्न गरिएको थियो।<ref name="चुनाव">{{cite web|last1=रिसाल|first1=भैरव|title=राजा झुक्किंदा भयो चुनाव|url=http://nepalihimal.com/article/15712|website=नेपाली हिमाल|accessdate=१९ जुन २०२०}}</ref> === बिपी मन्त्रिपरिषद् === [[चित्र:BP_Koirala_taking_oath_as_22nd_Prime_minister_of_Nepal.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|प्रधानमन्त्री [[पदको शपथ|पदको सपथ]]ग्रहण समारोहमा बिपी (बायाँ) र महेन्द्र (दायाँ)]] [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५|निर्वाचन]]मा सबैभन्दा ठुलो दलको रूपमा उदाएको नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले<ref name="one">{{वेब स्रोत |date=२०१७-१२-०१ |शीर्षक=केवल एक पार्टी प्रमुखले जितेका थिए पहिलो आमनिर्वाचन |युआरएल=https://deshsanchar.com/2017/12/01/358/ |पहुँचमिति=२०२०-०६-१७ |वेबसाइट=देशसञ्चार |भाषा=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टी सभापति [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बिपी कोइराला]]लाई संसदीय दलको नेता छानेर उनलाई [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनाउन दावेदारी पेश गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०१६ जेठ १३ मा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाले तत्कालिन राजा महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह समक्ष सपथग्रहण लिई आफ्नो कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=यशस्वी राजनेता बीपी कोइराला|युआरएल=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2016/07/21/20160721202330|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्रिका|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === २०१७ साल पुष १ को कदम === {{मुख्य|२०१७ पुष १ गतेको शाही घोषणा}} महेन्द्रले विक्रम सम्वत् २०१७ सालमा जननिर्वाचित सरकार अपदस्थ गरेर राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथि प्रतिवन्ध लगाएर एकतन्त्रीय शासन चलाएका थिए। यही आधारमा उनलाई प्रजातन्त्र विरोधी, निरङ्कुश, तानाशाह जस्ता आरोपहरू लाग्ने गरेको छ।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कुमार रुपाखेती|शीर्षक=निरङ्कुश राजा महेन्द्र ?|युआरएल=http://www.prateekdaily.com/2013/08/blog-post_2933.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> महेन्द्र एक महत्त्वाकांक्षी राजा थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सन्दर्भ पुस १ः राजा महेन्द्र, जसले भारतीय सेनालाई नेपालबाट धपाए|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2015/12/363243|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=अनलाइन खबर|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> आफैँले प्रत्यक्ष शासन चालाउने मोह उनमा रहेको थियो। विक्रम सम्वत २०१७ सालको [[राज्यविप्लव|‘कु’]]मा यसबाहेकका कारणहरूसमेत छन्। मूल कारण भनेको नेपाललाई भारतीय हस्तक्षेप र प्रभावबाट जोगाउनु थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=भारत र महेन्द्र बीपीको उचाइको तगारो|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/110231/2019/12/17/poush-1-|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === पञ्चायती व्यवस्था === {{मुख्य|पञ्चायती व्यवस्था}} बहुदलीय संसदीय व्यवस्था नेपालमा अफाप सिद्ध भएको भन्दै [[२०१७ पुष १ गतेको शाही घोषणा|राजा महेन्द्रको शाही घोषणा]] मार्फत निर्वाचित संसद र [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला]]को मन्त्रीमण्डल विघटन गरेपछि २०१७ सालमा पञ्चायती व्यवस्था सुरू गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन ढल्यो पञ्चायती शासन ?|युआरएल=https://www.blastkhabar.com/news/2020/12/15/118515.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्लास्ट खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=९ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> यो निर्दलीय व्यवस्था थियो। २२ पुस २०१७ मा राजा महेन्द्रले लोकतान्त्रिक अभ्यास अन्त्य गरी "निर्दलिय" [[पञ्चायती व्यवस्था|पञ्चायत]] व्यवस्था लागुू गरेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्रको अलग धार|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2020/02/19/158209554423066618.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=९ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> [[नेपालको संविधान २०१९]] जारी भएसँगै यसले निर्दलीय पञ्चायती व्यवस्थाको जग झन् मजबुत तुल्याएको थियो। [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०४६|२०४६ को "जनआन्दोलन]]"ले राजतन्त्रलाई संवैधानिक सुधार गर्न र बहुदलिय संसद बनाउन बाध्य तुल्याएको थियो र फलस्वरूप नेपालमा बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्रको पुनर्बाहली भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सम्झनामा जनआन्दोलन ०४६ (शृङ्खला १)|युआरएल=https://nepallive.com/story/213795|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल लाइभ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=९ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> ===जनकपुर बम काण्ड=== {{मुख्य|जनकपुर बम काण्ड}} २०१८ साल माघ ९ गते राजा महेन्द्र पूर्वी भ्रमण पुरा गरी [[जानकी मन्दिर]]को दर्शनमा गएका थिए। दर्शन गरी रङभूमितर्फ फर्किरहेको अवस्थामा [[दुर्गानन्द झा]]को नेतृत्त्वमा अरबिन्दकुमार ठाकुर लगायत [[पञ्चायती व्यवस्था|पञ्चायत]] विरोधी युवाहरूले उनी सवार गाडीमा बम प्रहार गरेका थिए। दुर्गानन्द झा, अरबिन्दकुमार ठाकुर र दलसिंह थापालाई मृत्युदण्डको घोषणा गरिएको थियो। २०२० माघ २५ गते [[दुर्गानन्द झा]]लाई [[फाँसी]] दिइएको थियो<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सहिद दुर्गानन्द झा जसलाई मृत्युदण्ड दिन कानुन नै संशोधन गर्नुपर्‍यो|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/76097|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> भने बाँकी दुई जनालाई जन्मकैदको घोषणा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=प्रजातान्त्रिक योद्धा अरबिन्दकुमार|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/196912-1574737560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=नागरिक दैनिक|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> ===नेपालको संविधान २०१९=== {{मुख्य|नेपालको संविधान २०१९}} पञ्चायती व्यवस्थाको आधार समेत मानिएको नेपालको संविधान २०१९ वि.सं. २०१९ पुस १ मा राजा महेन्द्रले जारी गरेका थिए। २० भाग ९७ धारा र ६ अनुसूची रहेको उक्त विधानमा १ सदनात्मक व्यवस्था रहेको थियो। उक्त व्यवस्थापिकाको नाम राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायत थियो। सार्वभौम सत्ता तथा अवशिष्ट अधिकार धारा ९० को आधारमा राजामा रहेको थियो। यस संविधानमा राजाको शाही घोषणाद्वारा संविधान संसोधन हुन सक्ने प्रावधान रहेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=प्रेमराज सिलवाल|शीर्षक=नेपालका संविधान कस्ता|युआरएल=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/amp/opinion/2020-09-19-22916|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=गोरखापत्र|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान, २०२४ === {{मुख्य|गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान}} [[चित्र:Back to the Village National Campaign.jpg|thumb|गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान]] गउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान [[पञ्चायती व्यवस्था]]को एउटा राजनीतिक कार्यक्रम थियो। गाउँबाट अध्ययन र रोजगारीका लागि सहर गएका नेपालीहरूलाई गाउँ फर्काउनका लागि यो अभियान ल्याइएको थियो। === विदेश भ्रमण === [[चित्र:Staatsbezoek_Koningin_en_Koning_van_Nepal,_Bestanddeelnr_920-2613.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|राजा महेन्द्र र महारानी जुलियाना नेदरल्यान्ड्सको राजकीय भ्रमण, १९६७ अप्रिल २५]] [[चित्र:Staatsbezoek_Koningin_en_Koning_van_Nepal_aan_Amsterdam,_erewacht_inspectie_door,_Bestanddeelnr_920-2616.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|महारानी जुलियाना र राजा महेन्द्र राजकीय भ्रमणमा ड्याम स्क्वायरमा गार्ड अफ अनर (सम्मान गारद) ग्रहण गर्दै, १९६७ अप्रिल २५]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !देश !भ्रमण गरेको क्षेत्र !मिति !वर्णन |- |{{झन्डा|सोभियत सङ्घ}} | |जेठ २२- असार १२, २०१५ | |- |{{झन्डा|जापान}} | |२८ चैत २०१६<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=जगत नेपाल|शीर्षक=यस्तो थियो महेन्द्र र बीपीबीच व्यक्तित्वको टकराव|युआरएल=https://pahilopost.com/content/-15340.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=पहिलो पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> | |- |{{झन्डा|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका}} | होनोलुलु (हवाई), न्युयोर्क सहर, क्नोक्सभिल (टेनेसी), सान फ्रान्सिस्को, लस एन्जलस, न्यु मेक्सिको, मियामी, डेट्रोइट |१५-१८ वैशाख २०१७<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/nepal Visits By Foreign Leaders of Nepal]</ref> |वैशाख १६ मा, [[अमेरिकी कङ्ग्रेस|अमेरिकी काङ्ग्रेस]]मा सम्बोधन |- |{{झन्डा|संयुक्त अधिराज्य}} |[[लन्डन]] |१-४ कात्तिक २०१७ | |- |{{झन्डा|मेक्सिको}} | |जेठ ३-५ जेठ २०१७ | |- |{{झन्डा|क्यानडा}} | |१२-१५ जेठ २०१७ | |- |{{झन्डा|चीन}} | |१५-१९ असोज २०१८ | |- |{{झन्डा|फ्रान्स}} |पेरिस |२०२३ कात्तिक ९ | |- |{{झन्डा|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका}} |विलियम्सबर्ग, केप केनेडी र न्युयोर्क सहर। | १५-१८ कात्तिक २०२४ |२०२४ कात्तिक २३ गते पछि, शिकारका लागि अलास्का प्रस्थान। |- |{{झन्डा|इरान}} | |२६-३० असोज २०२८ |[[फारसी साम्राज्य]] स्थापनाको २५००औँ वर्षगाठ समारोहमा उपस्थित |} == कार्यहरू == === अर्थतन्त्रको सुधार === राजा महेन्द्रले [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|योजनाबद्ध विकास]]को सुरुवात गरेका थिए। उनले वि.सं. २०१३ मा [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|पञ्चवर्षीय योजना]]को अवधारणाको विकास गरेका थिए।<ref name=":51">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zum.de/whkmla/sp/0708/eunmo/eunmo1.html#ed|title=Modernization of Nepal under the Shah Dynasty, 1951-1991|last=Yang|first=Eunmo|date=2007|website=www.zum.de|publisher=Korean Minjok Leadership Academy International Program|access-date=2022-07-26}}</ref> नेपाल राजनीतिक, आर्थिक, प्रशासनिक सबै ढङ्गबाट नेपाल भारतमा निर्भर रहेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्र एक दूरदर्शी राजनेता|युआरएल=https://livemandu.com/archives/10307|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लाइभमाडौँ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> वि.सं. २००७ सालदेखि वि.सं. २०११ सम्मको भारतसितको आर्थिक निर्भरता ९५ प्रतिशत रहेको थियो। महेन्द्रले त्यसलाई ६० प्रतिशतभन्दा तल ल्याउन सफल भएका थिए। राजा हुनासाथ महेन्द्रले आर्थिक तथा प्रशासनिक संरचनाहरूको निर्माणमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेका थिए। उनले [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]] र [[राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग]]को स्थापना गरेर अर्थतन्त्रलाई व्यवस्थापन गरेका थिए।<ref>[https://www.npc.gov.np/np/page/2/about_us/introduction_history राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग परिचय र इतिहास] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806123942/https://npc.gov.np/np/page/2/about_us/introduction_history |date=2020-08-06 }}</ref><ref name=":51" /> विदेशी राष्ट्रहरूको सहयोगमा भौतिक पूर्वाधारहरू निर्माण गरेर अर्थतन्त्रको जग बसाल्ने काम पनि उनले गरेका थिए। बालाजु औद्योगिक क्षेत्र (वि.सं. २०१८), हेटौँडा औद्योगिक क्षेत्र, वीरगन्ज चिनी कारखाना, [[नेसनल ट्रेडिङ लिमिटेड]], [[नेपाल आयल निगम लिमिटेड|नेपाल आयल निगम]], कृषि औजार कारखाना, [[जनकपुर चुरोट कारखाना लिमिटेड|जनकपुर चुरोट कारखाना]], बाँसवारी जुत्ता कारखाना, सिमेन्ट र कपडा उद्योगहरू, सबै उनकै पालामा स्थापना भएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कथा जनकपुर चुरोट कारखानाको|युआरएल=http://theexclusiveweekly.blogspot.com/2015/01/blog-post_28.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref><ref>Khatri, M. B. (2018). Industrial development in Nepal: Problems and prospects. ''Economic Journal of Nepal'', ''41''(3-4), 25-40.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2018/01/30/govt-decides-to-scrap-national-trading-limited|title=Govt decides to scrap National Trading Limited|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2022-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA5LRUUFSHDXUZM9XMKIKOBNTMX-NEPAL-CHINESE-TANNERY-BEGINS-PRODUCTION/query/King+Mahendra|title=Nepal: Chinese Tannery Begins Production|last=Pathé|first=British|website=www.britishpathe.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newbusinessage.com/Articles/view/4685|title=Domestic Footwear Industry Flourishes|website=www.newbusinessage.com|language=en|access-date=2022-06-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404142726/http://www.newbusinessage.com/Articles/view/4685 |date=2023-04-04 }}</ref>. [[शीतयुद्ध]]को समयमा दुवै धुरी संग समदुरी कायम गर्दै दुवै पक्षबाट आर्थिक सहयोगको वातावरण मिलाएर अर्थतन्त्र उकास्ने प्रयास गरेका थिए। ===राजमार्ग तथा सडक === राजा महेन्द्रको शासनकालमा [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]], [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग]] र [[अरनिको राजमार्ग]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कोदारी राजमार्ग बनेपछि...|युआरएल=https://nepalmag.com.np/memoir/2015/12/06/20151206181228|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्रिका|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> जस्ता मुख्य सडकहरूको निर्माण भएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आज राजा महेन्द्रको १००औँ जन्मजयन्ती, कस्ता थिए राजा महेन्द्र ?|युआरएल=https://rastriyasamachar.com/2019/06/12/20371/amp/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=राष्ट्रिय समाचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> पूर्व-पश्चिम राजमार्गमा राजा महेन्द्रको महत्त्वपूर्ण देन रहेको थियो। उक्त राजमार्ग नहुँदासम्म तराईमा एउटा जिल्लाबाट अर्को जिल्ला जानुपर्दा भारतको बाटो प्रयोग गर्नुपर्दथ्यो। राजा महेन्द्रले विदेशी सहयोगमा [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|राजमार्ग]] निर्माण गरेर यो अवस्था अन्त्य गरेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्रको सपना|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/164742-1542938280.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रले सुरुमा यो राजमार्गका निर्माणका लागि भारतलाई अनुरोध गरेका थिए। तर, भारतले नमानेपछि [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]को सहयोग लिएका थिए। ढल्केबरदेखि पथलैयासम्मको सडक [[रुस]]ले बनाइदिएपछि भारत पनि आकर्षित भएको थियो। ढल्केबरदेखि मेची खण्ड भारतले बनाइदियो भने हेटौँडा नारायणगढ खण्ड [[एसियाली विकास बैङ्क]], नारायणगढ-बुटबल खण्ड बेलायत र बुटबल कोहलपुर खण्ड भारतको सहयोगमा निर्माण सम्पन्न भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=बुटवल–नारायणगढ सडक : महेन्द्रले बनाएको राजमार्ग ओलीले चौडा गर्दै|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/news/details/5139885647331328?ns=|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> चीनले कोदारी राजमार्ग निर्माण गर्ने भनेपछि भारत तीव्ररूपमा आक्रोशित बनेको थियो। राजमार्ग निर्माण २०१६ सालमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=५२ वर्षअघि यसरी बन्यो कोदारी राजमार्ग|युआरएल=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/17683/2019-06-22|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नयाँ पत्रिका|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> यसरी राजा महेन्द्रले आफ्नो कुटनीतिक चातुर्यता प्रयोग गरी चौतर्फीरूपमा वैदेशिक सहयोग हासिल गर्न सफल भएका थिए। शीत युद्धको समयमा नेपालले दुवै गुटसँग समदुरी कायम गर्दै दुवै पक्षबाट सहायता प्राप्त गरेको थियो। ===कूटनैतिक अभियान === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय जगतमा नेपाललाई स्थापित गराउन महेन्द्रले खेलेको भूमिका महत्त्व छ। [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र]]को सदस्यता दिलाउने देखि लिएर नेपाललाई शान्तिक्षेत्रका रूपमा स्थापित गराउने सोच उनैको थियो। [[पञ्चशील]] र [[असंलग्न आन्दोलन|असंलग्न परराष्ट्र नीति]]को सिद्धान्तलाई अङ्गीकार<ref>[https://e-nnw.com/nepal-and-the-non-aligned-movement/ Nepal and the Non – Aligned Movement BY: NNW TEAM ON: APRIL 10, 2015 IN: NNW ARTICLES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032252/https://e-nnw.com/nepal-and-the-non-aligned-movement/ |date=October 26, 2020 }}</ref> गर्दै उनले छिमेकी देशहरूसित दौत्य सम्वन्ध बनाएर त्यसलाई सन्तुलनमा राखेका थिए। उनले तराईमा भारतीयले थिचोमिचो नगरून् भनेर झापादेखि कञ्चनपुरसम्म ठाउँठाउँमा नेपालीहरूको बस्ती बसालेका थिए भने उनले हतियार चलाउन जानेका भूपू सैनिकदेखि लिएर बर्माबाट लखेटिएका नेपालीहरूलाई आवास उपलब्ध गराएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कसरी बनाए महेन्द्रले स्वाधीन र सार्वभौम नेपाल ?|युआरएल=https://www.nayapage.com/archives/25579|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नयाँ पेज|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> २०१८ सालमा नवलपरासीको गैँडाकोटमा उनले ‘[[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]]’ शिलान्यास गरेका थिए। भारतीय रुपियाँ नेपाली नोट सरह चलिरहेकामा उनले त्यसलाई बन्द गराएका थिए। नेपाल स्वाधीन राष्ट्र हो भन्ने कुरा संसारलाई बुझाउन राजा महेन्द्रले ४५ देशसँग राजा महेन्द्रले कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध स्थापना गरेेेेका थिए भने <ref>https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/diplomatic-relations/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627173905/https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/diplomatic-relations/ |date=2022-06-27 }}</ref> २०१२ साल नेपालले [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र|संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ]]को सदस्यता प्राप्त गरेको थियो। त्यस पश्चात् [[ऋषिकेश शाह]] संयुक्त राष्ट्रको स्थायी प्रतिनिधि बनेका थिए।<ref>[https://www.un.int/nepal/ PERMANENT MISSION OF NEPAL TO THE UNITED NATIONS]</ref> २०१२ साल माघ १३ गते, राजा महेन्द्रले आचार्यलाई [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=580 वि.सं. २०१२ माघ १३ को राजपत्र]</ref> भने उनले चीन र जापानको भ्रमण गरेर मैत्री सम्बन्ध स्थापना गरेका थिए। === राष्ट्रियताको सम्वर्द्धन === राष्ट्रियताको संवर्द्धनमा राजा महेन्द्रको भूमिका अविस्मरणीय रहेको छ। जतिबेला [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] भाषाको नेपालमा अत्यधिक दबदबा थियो, उनले [[नेपाली भाषा]]लाई राष्ट्रभाषाका रूपमा स्थापित गरेर यसलाई देशव्यापी बनाएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=वर्तमान नेपाल र राजा महेन्द्र|युआरएल=http://www.nepalgunjnews.com/main-news/20191238968/amp/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपालगन्ज न्युज|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क|नेपाल राष्ट्र बैेंक]]को स्थापना गरेर राजा महेन्द्रले नेपाली मुद्रालाई अधिराज्यभरि अनिवार्य गरिदिएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=हिमालय शम्शेर राणा|शीर्षक=भारु हटाएर नेपाली रुपैयाँ चलाउन खुलेको थियो राष्ट्र बैङ्क, पहिलो गभर्नरको अनुभव|युआरएल=https://www.bizmandu.com/content/-21750.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=बिजमाडौँ|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> जबकि त्यतिबेला नेपालमा ९० प्रतिशत भारतीय मुद्राको चलनचल्ती रहेको थियो। उनले लागु गरेको “एउटै भाषा एउटै भेष”” को नीतिलाई कतिपयले असन्तुष्टि पनि जनाएका छन् === सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सुधार === २०२० साल भदौ १ गते नयाँ मुलुकी ऐन घोषणा गरी उनले छुवाछुत, जातिभेद र लैङ्गगिक भेदभाव विरुद्धको नीति अख्तियार गरेका थिए। २०२१ सालमा भूमिसुधार ऐन घोषणा गर्दै उनले जमिन्दारी प्रथा र बिर्ता उन्मूलन गरी जग्गा जोत्ने [[मोही]]हरूको अधिकार सुरक्षित गरेका थिए। उनले २०१३ सालमा [[राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग]]को स्थापना गराएका थिए। २०१४ सालमा [[नेपाल प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान|नेपाल राजकीय प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान]] र [[नेपाल वायुसेवा निगम|शाही नेपाल वायुसेवा निगम]] स्थापना गरिएको थियो। [[बालचन्द्र शर्मा]] र महाकवि [[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा]]को परिकल्पना बमोजिम राजा महेन्द्रबाट नेपाल साहित्य कला प्रतिष्ठान (एकेडेमी)को स्थापना भएको हो। [[काठमाडौँ]]को कमलादीमा रहेको ५० रोपनी जग्गामा आफ्नै निजी कोषबाट यसको स्थापना भएको थियो। तत्कालिन राजाको यो कदमले साहित्यिक क्षेत्रमा ठूलै हलचल ल्याएको थियो। [[सत्यमोहन जोशी]]का अनुसार साहित्यकारहरूले आफू पनि सम्मानित भएको अनुभूति गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jhannaya.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/214/2019-05-11 |title=हामी यसरी प्राज्ञ भयौँ |last=जोशी |first=सत्यमोहन |website=नयाँ पत्रिका |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-10-13 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810102502/https://jhannaya.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/214/2019-05-11 |date=2022-08-10 }}</ref> उनले त्यस पश्चात् कर्मचारी वृत्ति विकास गर्न नेपाल निजामती ऐन ल्याएका थिए, फलस्वरूप <ref>नेपाल निजामती सेवा ऐन, २०१३</ref> र [[पँजनी|पँजनी प्रथा]]को अन्त्य भएको थियो। २०१२ मा, प्रहरी ऐन<ref>[http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/np/archives/category/documents/prevailing-law/statutes-acts/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8 प्रहरी ऐन २०१२]</ref> बनेसँगै सेनाको मनोबल उठाउने प्रयासहरू भएका थिए। २०१८ साल वैशाख १ गते १४ अञ्चल ७५ जिल्लामा विभाजन गरी प्रसासनिक विकेन्द्रीकरण गरिएको थियो। २०२० सालमाा, जातिभेद उन्मूलन गर्न छुवाछूत विरोधी ऐन ल्याइएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=छुवाछूत अन्तको लागि नयाँ सूत्रको आवश्यक छ|युआरएल=https://dharananews.com/thoughts/2020-08-06-9435|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=धरान न्युज|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> २०२१ सालमा किसानहरूलाई मोहियानी मोहियानी हक दिलाइएको थियो। उनले [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय|त्रिभूवन विश्वविद्यालय]]को आधुनिकीकरण गर्दै उच्च शिक्षा नेपालमै हासिल गर्ने अवस्था सिर्जना गर्दै भने पाठ्यक्रमबाट भारतीय पुस्तकहरू विस्थापित गराएका थिए। स्थानीय परम्परा, धर्म–संस्कृति, रहनसहन, पर्व तथा भाषाहरू बचाउन उनले [[नेपाल प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान|नेपाल राजकीय प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान]], [[राष्ट्रिय नाचघर]] लगायतका संस्थाहरूलाई सक्रिय गराएका थिए। === राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ === {{मुख्य|राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७}} राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ र राज्य अदालत उन्मूलन ऐन, २०१७ लागु भएपछि सबै राज्यहरू खारेज भएका थिए। यद्यपि राज्य रजौटा ऐनले सल्यान, बझाङ, जाजरकोट, मुस्ताङ, भिर्कोट, माल्नेटा, दर्ना गरी १७ रजौटालाई मान्यता दिएको थियो। वि.सं २०१७ मा, राज्य अदालत उन्मुलन ऐन लागु भएपछि राज्य अदालतको ठाउँमा इलाका अदालतको गठन गरिएको थियो। ===नयाँ मुलुकी ऐन=== श्री ५ महेन्द्रबाट वि.सं. २०२० भदौ १ गते नयाँ मुलुकी ऐन लागु गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2015/laws/LA-NP/Statutes-Acts/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8%20(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B),%20%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6.pdf मुलुकी ऐन २०२०]</ref> ===भूमिसुधार कार्यक्रम=== श्री ५ महेन्द्रबाट २०२१ साल मङ्सिर १ मा भूमिसुधार कार्यक्रम लागु गरिएको थियो। भूमिसुधार कार्यक्रमबाट [[जमिनदारी प्रथा]]को उन्मुलन, जग्गाको हदबन्दी, [[मोहियानी हक]]को व्यवस्था, [[मोहि]]ले जग्गाधनीलाई तिर्नुपर्ने कुतको निश्चितता लगायत्का विविध व्यवस्थाहरू गरिएका थिए। यसमा भूमि सम्बन्धी कार्यक्रम लागु गरी देशका गरिब जनताको हितका लागि क्रान्तिकारी परिवर्तन ल्याउने उद्देश्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=10904 नेपाल राज पत्र]</ref> वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा भूमि प्रशासन ऐन लागु भई भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालयहरू खोलिएका थिए। वि.सं. २०२७ सालमा मालपोत असूली र स्याहाको लागि “कोष तथा तहसिल” कार्यालय खोलिएका थिए। वि.सं. २०१८ साल देखि जग्गा प्रशासनको लागि ७५ जिल्लामा माल अड्डाहरू स्थापना गरिएका थिए। वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा भूमि प्रशासन ऐन जारी भएपछि सुरुमा [[काठमाडौँ उपत्यका]]का तीन जिल्ला सहित ९ जिल्लामा जग्गा (नापजाँच) ऐन, २०१९ अनुसार तयार भएको नक्सा र स्रेस्ताबाट भूमिको प्रशासन हेर्ने गरी भूमिसुधार मन्त्रालय अन्तर्गत भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालय स्थापना भएका थिए। वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालय खारेज गरी भूमिसुधार कार्यालय नामाकरण गरिएको थियो भने त्यस पश्चात् तत्कालीन कोष तथा तहसिल कार्यालयलाई मालपोत कार्यालयमा परिणत गरिएको थियो। भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालयले दिएको लगत अनुसार मालपोत असूल गर्न वि.सं. २०२६ सालमा मालपोत कार्यालयलाई तत्कालीन अर्थ मन्त्रालयको मालपोत विभाग अन्तर्गत रहने गरी स्थापना गरिएको थियो। वि.सं. २०२८ सालमा सो मालपोत कार्यालयको नाम कोष तथा तहसिल कार्यालयमा परिणत भएको थियो।<ref>[http://dolrm.gov.np/office/118/aboutus नेपाल सरकार भूमि व्यवस्था,सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालय भूमि व्यवस्थापन तथा अभिलेख विभाग] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402081735/http://dolrm.gov.np/office/118/aboutus |date=2020-04-02 }}</ref> === भारतीय सेना फिर्ता === २०२८ सालमा नेपाल तिब्बत सिमामा राखिएका भारतीय सैनिकका १७ वटा चेकपोष्टहरू हटाउने कार्य महेन्द्रले भारतविरुद्ध चालेको सबैभन्दा साहसिक कदमका रूपमा लिइन्छ। २०२६ सालमा राजाले सूर्यबहादुर थापालाई अपदस्थ गरेर [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]लाई प्रधानमन्त्री बनाएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=दिलनाथ गिरी|शीर्षक=देशभक्त राजनेता कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट|युआरएल=https://www.dcnepal.com/2020/08/179211/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=डिसी नेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> भारतीय चेकपोस्ट हटाउने विषयमा उनी आफैँ संलग्न नभईकन कीर्तिनिधिलाई अघि सारेका थिए। कीर्तिनिधि विष्टले सुरुमा भारतलाई आफ्नो चेकपोस्ट फिर्ता लैजान अनुरोध गर्दै लिखित पत्र पठाएका थिए। नेपाल एउटा स्वाधीन राष्ट्र भएकाले विदेशी सैनिकको उपस्थिति हाम्रो र हाम्रा छिमेकीको हित अनुकलमा छैन भन्दै उनले पत्र लेखेका थिए। तर, भारतले यसमा कुनै सुनवाइ गरेको थिएन। त्यसपछि कीर्तिनिधिले विष्टले [[भारत-नेपाल शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि|१९५० को मैत्री सन्धि]]को कुनै वैधानिकता छैन भनेर भाषण गरेका थिए।<ref>[https://www.recordnepal.com/wire/indian-checkposts-lipu-lekh-and-kalapani/ The Indian checkposts, Lipu Lekh, and Kalapani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814112055/https://www.recordnepal.com/wire/indian-checkposts-lipu-lekh-and-kalapani/ |date=2020-08-14 }}</ref> नेपालले आफैँ ती चेकपोस्टहरू हटाउने तयारी गरेपछि तत्कालीन भारतीय परराष्ट्रमन्त्री विनयसिंह नेपाल आएका थिए।सरकार आफ्नो अडानबाट पछि नहटेपछि यो विषय अन्तर्राष्ट्रियकरण हुने डरले भारतले ती चेकपोस्टहरू फिर्ता लगेको थियो।<ref name="countrystudies foreign policy">{{citation|editor-last=Savada|editor-first=Andrea Matles|chapter=Foreign Policy|title=Nepal: A Country Study|publisher=GPO for the Library of Congress|year=1991|chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/nepal/64.htm|accessdate=17 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Global Dimensions of Indo-Nepal Political Relations: Post Independence|isbn=9788121210256|last1=Singh|first1=Raj Kumar|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvgtRCmjsIoC&pg=PA412&lpg=PA412&dq=indian+military+mission+to+nepal+in+1952#v=onepage}}</ref> चेकपोस्ट हटाएको निहुँमा नै भारतले नेपालमाथि २०२८ सालमा नाकाबन्दी लगाइदिएको थियो।<ref>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/rnjds/article/download/2127{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} '''2. SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF UNDECLARED BLOCKADE OF INDIA ON NEPAL - Bhuwaneswor Pant2'''</ref> भारतीय नाकाबन्दीले ठुलो असर सिर्जना गर्न नसकेपछि भारत पछि हट्न बाध्य बनेेेेको थियो। उनले नेपालमा भारतीय प्रभावलाई पहिलेको तुलनामा ४० प्रतिशतभन्दा तल झार्न सफल भएका थिए। === सत्ता हस्तान्तरणको तयारी === राजाले सत्ता आफ्नो हातमा लिँदा एउटा आधार तयार पारेर ‘जनताको नासो जनतालाई नै फिर्ता गर्छु’ भनेका थिए। जीवनको अन्त्यतिर प्रजातान्त्रिक प्रणालीका लागि संविधान मस्यौदा गर्ने काम आफैँलाई सुम्पिएको शम्भुप्रसाद ज्ञवालीले पनि लेख्नुभएको छ। सूर्यबहादुर थापाको आत्मकथामा ‘संशोधित मस्यौदा तयार भइसकेको थियो, निधन नभएको भए चितवनबाट फर्किएपछि लागु हुन्थ्यो। काङ्ग्रेसका नेताहरू बोलाएर जिम्मा लगाउनेसम्मको तयारी थियो’ भन्ने उल्लेख छ। देशमा विदेशी सैनिकको उपस्थिति थियो। पार लगाउने श्रेय उनैलाई जान्छ। केही समयका लागि भनेर घोषणामै भनिएको थियो, जनतामा अधिकार हस्तान्तरण गर्ने प्रक्रिया पनि शुरू भएको हो। शम्भुप्रसाद ज्ञवालीको संयोजकत्वमा संविधान संशोधनको मस्यौदा पनि तयार हुँदै गरेको थियो। त्यसो हुँदा राजा निरकुंशताको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा थिएनन् भन्ने बुझ्नुपर्ने हुन्छ।   <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=[[भेष बहादुर थापा]] |date=२०८० पुष १, आइतबार |title=‘महेन्द्र रहेको भए उनीबाटै जनतामा अधिकार हस्तान्तरण हुन्थ्यो’ |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20231217-paush1-coup-mahendra-shaha-/13230 |website=उकालो}}</ref> ==मृत्यु== राजा महेन्द्रको मृत्यु २०२८ माघ १७ बिहान ३:४५ मा [[चितवन जिल्ला|चितवन]]को [[दियालो बङ्गला राजदरबार|दियालो बङ्गला दरबार]]मा भएको थियो। उनको निधन पश्चात्, उनका जेठा पुत्र युवराज [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]]ले राजगद्दी सम्हालेका थिए।<ref>http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=5107</ref><ref>http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=5109</ref> भरतपुरबाट राजा महेन्द्रको पार्थिव शरीरलाई बोकेर एक विशेष हेलिकप्टर माघ १७ गते अपरान्ह ४ बजेर ४५ मिनेट जाँदा [[त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|त्रिभुवन विमानस्थल]]मा ओर्लिएको थियो। राजा महेन्द्रका छोराहरू मध्ये माहिला छोरा तत्कालीन अधिराजकुमार [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र]] सोही हेलिकप्टर र कान्छा छोरा अधिराजकुमार [[धीरेन्द्र शाह|धीरेन्द्र]] अर्को हेलिकप्टरमा साथै आएका थिए। उनको पार्थिव शरीरको मुहार सम्म रामनाम लेखिएको [[पीताम्बर]] र सेतो कपडा त्यसमाथि फूलमालाहरूले ढाकिएको थियो। राजा महेन्द्रलाई अन्तिम श्रद्धाञ्जली दिन विमानस्थलमा नै ठूलो भीड जम्मा भएको थियो। राजा महेन्द्रको पार्थिव शरीरलाई विमानस्थलबाट ब्राह्मणहरूले बाँसको खटमा बोकेर आर्यघाट सम्म पुर्याएका थिए। खट बोकेका ती ब्राह्मणका पछाडि छोराहरू अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र र धीरेन्द्र, भाइहरू अधिराजकुमार हिमालय र बसुन्धरा समेत सँगै थिए। शवयात्रमा प्रधानमन्त्री, प्रधानन्यायाधीश, [[राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायत]]का अध्यक्ष, मन्त्रीगण, राजसभा स्थायी समितिका सभापति, राजसभाका सदस्यहरू, संवैधानिक अङ्गका प्रमुखहरू र सदस्यहरू त्यस्तै नेपाल स्थित विभिन्न कूटनीतिक नियोगका प्रतिनिधिहरू समेत उपस्थित थिए। राजा महेन्द्रको अन्तिम संस्कारमा सहभागी हुन भारतका उपराष्ट्रपति जि.एस. पाठक एवम् मन्त्री राजबहादुर समेत नेपाल आएका थिए। [[आर्यघाट|पशुपति आर्यघाट]]मा माइला अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्रले राजा महेन्द्रको पार्थिव शरीरमा दागबत्ती चढाएर अन्त्येष्टि गरेका थिए। राजगद्दी एकछिन पनि खाली राख्न नहुने परम्परा अनुसार पहिले नयाँ राजा घोषित गरेपछि मात्र दिवङ्गत राजाको निधनको घोषणा गरिन्थ्यो। राजाको उत्तराधिकारी जेठो छोरो वीरेन्द्रले नयाँ राजाका रूपमा राजगद्दी सम्हाल्नु पर्ने थियो। त्यसैले जेठो छोरा बाहेक अरू छोराहरू मात्र राजाको अन्त्येष्टोली सरिक हुन्थे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजा महेन्द्रको अपत्यारिलो अवसानको ५० वर्ष पूरा |url=https://oldphotosofnepal.com/post/308 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506052847/https://oldphotosofnepal.com/post/308 |date=2024-05-06 }}</ref> ===प्रतिक्रिया === विभिन्न मुलुकका राष्ट्राध्यक्षले शोक सन्देश पठाएका थिए। ती शोक सन्देश पठाउनेमध्येमा जापानका [[हिरोहितो]], बेलायतकी महारानी एलिजाबेथ द्वितीया, थाइल्यान्डका राजा भूमिबल, डेनमार्ककी महारानी मार्गरेट, स्विडेनका राजा गुस्ताफ, नेदरल्यान्डसकी महारानी जुलियाना, इरानका राजा मोहम्मद रजा पहलवी, अफगानिस्तानका राजा महम्मद जहिर, भारतका राष्ट्रपति भीभी गिरी, ग्रिसका राजा कन्सटान्टाइन, अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[रिचार्ड निक्सन]], रूसका राष्ट्रपति एन पोदगर्नी, जोर्डनका राजा हुसेन, इजरायलका राष्ट्रपति साहजर र लाओसका राजा साभाङ्ग थिए। जनगणतन्त्र चीनका उपाध्यक्ष तथा प्रधानमन्त्रीले समेत शोक सन्देश पठाएका थिए। राजा महेन्द्रको निधनमा छिमेकी भारतको दुवै सदनमा एक मिनेट मौन धारण गरी शोक व्यक्त गरिएको थियो। भारतको सदनको संयुक्त बैठकलाई सम्बोधन गर्दै राष्ट्रपति भीभी गिरीले राजा महेन्द्रको आकस्मिक निधनबाट भारतीयहरुलाई ठूलो दुःख लागेको कुरा बताएका थिए। त्यस्तै प्रधानमन्त्री [[इन्दिरा गान्धी]]ले लोकसभा बैठकलाई सम्बोधन गर्दै राजा महेन्द्र दूरदर्शी र कुशल राजनीतिज्ञ भएको उल्लेख गरेकी थिइन्। फ्रान्स, पश्चिम जर्मनीसहित संसारभरका विभिन्न मुलुकले शोक सन्देश पठाएका थिए। इजरायलका राष्ट्रपति साहजरले रेडियो सम्बोधनमार्फत राजा महेन्द्रको निधनबाट इजरायलले एक सच्चा मित्र गुमाएको बताएका थिए। साथै उनले राजा महेन्द्रसँगको आफ्नो व्यक्तिगत सम्बन्ध उल्लेख गर्दै आफूले राजा महेन्द्रका केही कविता हिब्रु भाषामा अनुवाद गरेको समेत स्मरण गरेका थिए। उनको निधनबारे समाचार प्रकाशित गर्दै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समाचार एजेन्सी दी एसोसियटेड प्रेसले राजा महेन्द्रले नेपालमा भूमिसुधार लागू गरेको, नयाँ मुलुकी ऎन जारी गर्दै त्यसमा रहेको छुवाछुतको अन्त्य र बहुविवाहलाई दण्डनीय गरेको उल्लेख गरेको थियो। त्यस्तै मुलुकमा वैदेशिक सहायता भित्र्याएर विमानस्थल, राजमार्ग, अस्पताल, विद्यालयसहित हज्जारौं पर्यटकहरुलाई बस्न पर्यटकीय आवासको व्यवस्था गरेको समाचारमा उल्लेख थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजा महेन्द्रको निधन, अन्त्येष्टि र शोक सन्देश* |url=https://himalpress.com/2023/01/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8b-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Himal Press |language=en-US}}</ref> ==आलोचना== # निरङ्कुश राजा<br><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कुमार रुपाखेती|शीर्षक=निरङ्कुश राजा महेन्द्र ?|युआरएल=http://www.prateekdaily.com/2013/08/blog-post_2933.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रतीक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रलाई लाग्ने मुख्य आरोप नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसको सरकार र संसद विघटन गरे भन्ने छ। यस बारे उनको भनाइ थियो "म मेरा प्रजालाई प्रजातन्त्र बदला सबल राष्ट्र दिनेछु। हाम्रो प्रमुख शत्रु भनेको गरिबी हो।", "मेरो प्राण रहेसम्म र मैले गरेर हुनेसम्म नेपालीको हात खुट्टा लुलो हुन दिने छैन। यो पनि मेरो दृढ संकल्प मध्ये मै छ।"<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०२७ जेठ |title=सिपाही |url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/sipahiannual/sipahi2027 |journal=सिपाही शाही सैनिक वार्षिक पत्रिका |pages=पेज ११}}</ref> # एक देश एक भेषको नीति<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=चिरञ्जीवी पौडेल|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्रको उचित मूल्याङ्कन भएन|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/07/778956|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref><br> एक राजा एक देश<br> एक भाषा एक भेष (महेन्द्रिय राष्ट्रवाद) # [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]को स्थापना गर्दा [[गणेशमान सिंह]]बाट आलोचना:"जिमीदार औ दायाँबायाँ बस्ने व्यापारीहरूको फाइदाका निमित्त खोलिएको राष्ट्र बैङ्कले गरिब रैतीहरूलाई कुनै फाइदा छैन"<ref>उधृतांश- देवकोटा, राजनीतिक दर्पण भाग-१, पृष्ठ ३८८</ref><ref>[http://annapurnapost.com/news/78581 कसरी बनाए महेन्द्रले स्वाधीन र सार्वभौम नेपाल ?]</ref> # आफ्नो रानी रत्नको नाममा [[रत्नपार्क]]को निर्माण ===दोस्रो विवाह=== [[चित्र:Mahendra Ratna 1957.jpg|thumb|राजा महेन्द्र एवम् रानी रत्न २०१२ मा]] पहिली पत्नी इन्द्र राज्यको २००६ मा निधनपछि तत्कालीन युवराज महेन्द्र साली रत्नसँग प्रेम सम्बन्धमा रहेका थिए, तर [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]] भने कुनै हालतमा राणापुत्री रत्नसँग छोराको विवाह हुन नदिने योजनामा रहेका थिए। बाबुले खोजेकी केटीसँग विवाह गर्न दिएको दबाब तात्कालिक युवराज महेन्द्रलाई मन परेको थिएन। राजा त्रिभुवन भने राणा परिवार, अझ [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शमशेर]]को खलकसँग सम्बन्ध विस्तार गर्ने पक्षमा थिएनन्। राजा त्रिभुवन जुद्ध शमशेरले आफूलाई गरेको अपमानबाट आक्रोशित थिए भने सो विवाद लामो समय चलेको थियो। विवाहको टुङ्गो नलाग्दै २००८ कात्तिक २६ गते [[राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिमण्डल|राणा–काङ्ग्रेसको गठबन्धन सरकार]] विघटन भई २००८ मङ्सिर १ गते<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=437 २००८ मङ्सिर १ को राजपत्र]</ref> [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला|मातृकाप्रसाद कोइरालाको]] नेतृत्वमा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]को एकल सरकार बनिसकेको थियो। २००९ माघ २५ गते उनले रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मीसँग विवाह गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">[https://pustakalaya.org/media/uploads/op/pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf नेपालको शाह तथा राणा वंशावली: विष्णु प्रसाद श्रेष्ठ]</ref> ==सम्मान== ; राष्ट्रिय * [[नेपाल प्रताप भास्कर]] * ओजस्वी राजन्याको मानपदवी * [[नेपाल तारा]] * त्रिशक्ति पट्ट * गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु * [[महेन्द्र माला]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dcnepal.com/2021/10/294046/|title=संस्मरण : तक्मा र तोक्मा, भट्टी पसल्नीदेखि महाराजधिराजसम्म|website=Dcnepal|language=en-US|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref> * राजा त्रिभुवनको गद्दी आरोहण रजत महोत्सव <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medals.org.uk/nepal/nepal042.htm|title=ODM of Nepal: King Tribhuvan Silver Jubilee Medal 1935|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> ; विदेशी * {{flagicon|Iran|1925}} पल्हवी मानपदवी, ''२०१७ असार २०'' * {{flagicon|Iran|1964}} [[इरान]]: [[फारसी साम्राज्य]]को २,५००औँँ वर्षगाँठ, ''२०२८ असोज २८''।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://badraie.com/guests.htm |title=Grand State Banquet |access-date=20 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043732/http://badraie.com/guests.htm |archive-date=5 March 2016 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043732/http://badraie.com/guests.htm |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> * {{flag|जापान}}: जापानी सरकारको विशेष सम्मान, ''२०१७ वैशाख ७ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalwatcherblog.com/2020/12/07/crown-prince-akihito-and-crown-princess-michiko-in-nepal-1960/|title=Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko in Nepal, 1960|last=Saad719|date=2020-12-07|website=The Royal Watcher|language=en-us|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/history/brief.html|title=Embassy of Japan in Nepal|website=www.np.emb-japan.go.jp|access-date=2022-08-01}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805011833/https://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/history/brief.html |date=2022-08-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA2YFYVWCYEIS1ZEAQLCRUAYMBD-JAPAN-NEPALESE-KING-VISITS-JAPANESE-EMPEROR/query/King+Mahendra|title=Japan: Nepalese King Visits Japanese Emperor|last=Pathé|first=British|website=www.britishpathe.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>'' * {{flag|पोर्चुगल}}: सैन्य मानपदवी , ''२०१७ असार ३०''<ref>[http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1 Presidência da República]</ref> * {{flag|फ्रान्स}}: शाही सम्मान, ''२०१२ फागुन १२<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018050841/http://www.ambafrance-np.org/Bilateral-relations,651|title=Bilateral relations|website=La France au Népal|language=en|access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref>'' * {{झन्डा चिह्न|फिनल्यान्ड}} [[फिनल्यान्ड]]: स्वेत गुलाफ शाही सम्मान, ''२०१४'' * {{flag|बेल्जियम}}: लिओपोल्ड द्वितीय मानपदवी, ''२०२०'' * {{flag|जर्मनी}}: सङ्घीय गणतन्त्र जर्मनीको विशेष योग्य मानपदवी ''२०२०'' * {{flag|Kingdom of Laos}}: शाही सम्मान, ''२०२६'' * {{flag|पाकिस्तान}}: [[निशान-ए–पाकिस्तान|निशाने पाकिस्तान]], ''२०२६'' * {{flag|नेदरल्यान्ड}} नेदरल्यान्ड सरकारद्वारा विशिष्ट सम्माान ''२०२४ वैशाख १२''<ref>[http://members3.boardhost.com/Beneluxroyal/msg/1428764090.html Benelux Royal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928164627/http://members3.boardhost.com/Beneluxroyal/msg/1428764090.html |date=28 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalwatcherblog.com/2019/04/25/nepal-state-visit-to-the-netherlands-1967/|title=Nepal State Visit to The Netherlands, 1967|last=Saad719|date=2019-04-25|website=The Royal Watcher|language=en-us|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref> * {{flag|संयुक्त अधिराज्य}}: शाही भिक्टोरियाली माला, ''२०१७ फागुन १५<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalwatcherblog.com/2019/02/26/british-state-visit-to-nepal-1961/|title=British State Visit to Nepal, 1961|last=Saad719|date=2019-02-26|website=The Royal Watcher|language=en-us|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref>'' * {{flag|फिलिपिन्स}}: सिकातुना मानपदवी, राजाको पद, ''२०२७''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/|title=The Order of Sikatuna {{!}} GOVPH|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|language=en-US|access-date=2022-07-24}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825092055/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/ |date=2019-08-25 }}</ref> ==स्मृति / स्मारक == [[चित्र:Mahendra salik Durbarmarg.jpg|thumb|महेन्द्र शालिक [[दरबार मार्ग|दरबारमार्ग]]]] राजा महेन्द्रको स्मृतिमा धेरै संरचना, संस्था, सम्मान बनेका छन्। उनका नाममा बनेका स्मारकहरू वि.सं २०६३ मा संसद पुनर्स्थापना भएपछि र वि.सं २०६५ मा राजतन्त्र अन्त्य भएपछि नाम परिवर्तन गर्ने प्रयास भएको देखिन्छ। २०६३ को राजनीतिक परिवर्तन पछि राजाका नाममा बनेका राजमार्गलाई लोकमार्ग नामाकरण गर्ने प्रयास भएको थियो। उनकी रानीको नाममा बनेको [[रत्नपार्क]]लाई पनि शङ्खधर साख्व पार्क नाम परिवर्तन गरिएतापनि सर्वसाधारणको बोलोचालीमा अझै पनि रत्नपार्क प्रचलित छ। # [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]] # [[महेन्द्र माला]] # महेन्द्रशालिक (दरबारमार्ग) # [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|महेन्द्र पुलिस क्लब]] #[[राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण कोष|महेन्द्र प्रकृति संरक्षण कोष]] # [[महेन्द्ररत्न क्याम्पस, इलाम|महेन्द्ररत्न क्याम्पस]] # [[भीमदत्त नगरपालिका|महेन्द्रनगर]] # [[राराताल|महेन्द्र ताल]] /रारा ताल #[[भरतपुर आँखा अस्पताल|श्री ५ महेन्द्र स्मारक आँखा अस्पताल]] ===म मरे पनि मेरो देश=== "म मरे पनि मेरो देश बाँचिरहोस्" राजा महेन्द्रको अभिव्यक्ति थियो। यसै भनाईलाई लिएर गीतहरू रेकर्ड भएका छन् र ती गीतहरू राजा महेन्द्रलाई सम्झ्ना गर्ने माध्यम बनेका छन्। राजा महेन्द्रको निधनपछि देशलाई माया गरेर लेखिएका गीतहरूको एक किसिमले लहरै चलेको थियो। त्यसै क्रममा यो गीत [[रेडियो नेपाल]]मा रेकर्ड गरिएको थियो।सङ्गीतकार सिके रसाइलीका अनुसार यो गीत २०२९ सालतिर रेकर्ड भएको थियो। त्यो बेला यस्ता गीतहरू रेकर्ड गरेर राजा महेन्द्रप्रति श्रद्धा प्रकट गर्ने होडबाजी नै थियो। त्यतिबेला उस्तै शब्द ‘म मरे पनि मेरो देश बाँचिरहोस्’ भन्ने गीतमा चाहिँ शिवशङ्करले सङ्गीत र स्वर दिएर रेकर्ड गराएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ऊ मरे पनि उसलाई देशको माया छ |url=https://www.setopati.com/archive-news/53002/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Setopati |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:Back view of Mahendra Griha at Tikapur Park.JPG|thumb|टिकापुर पार्क महेन्द्र गृहको पछाडी मोहोडाको दृश्य|alt=Back view of Mahendra Griha at Tikapur Park]] २०२४ चैत्र २ मा<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=२०८० वैशाख १ देखि २०८० असार मसान्तसम्म सम्पादित प्रमुख क्रियाकलापहरू स्वतः प्रकाशन|url=https://tikapurmun.gov.np/sites/tikapurmun.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%20%28%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%20%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%29.pdf |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=www.tikapurmun.gov.np|language=ne}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्र शिकार खेल्न [[महाकाली अञ्चल]]को [[शुक्लाफाँट राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज|शुक्लाफाँटा आरक्ष]] जाँदा राजा महेन्द्रका साथ परराष्ट्रमन्त्री [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट]] पनि थिए। रूखमाथि बनाइएको मचानमा बसेर बाघको पर्खाइमा थिए। प्रधानमन्त्री र राजाका एडीसी पनि साथै थिए। दर्जनौं हात्तीले बाघलाई घेर्दै राजातिर ल्याउँदै थिए। एउटा अजङ्गको भाले बाघ लुसुलुसु हिंड्दै मचानमुनि आइपुग्यो। प्रधानमन्त्री र एडीसी राजाले कति बेला गोली दाग्छन् भनेर प्रतीक्षामा थिए तर गोली चल्नुको साटो राजा आफैं पो मचानमा ढले।<ref>{{Cite web |title=रानीलाई गोली लाग्यो, राजा हौदाबाट पछारिए |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/04/1669748/the-queen-was-shot-the-king-fell-from-the-throne |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> त्यसै बेला जङ्गलको माझमा राजा महेन्द्रलाई आकस्मिक हृदयाघात भएको थियो। राजालाई हृदयघात भएको ठाउँ एउटा मचान र त्यहाँ एउटा चकला मात्र बिछ्याइएको थियो। हृदयाघातपछि महेन्द्रलाई त्यही चकलामा सुताइएको थियो। त्यस घटनाबाट त्यहाँ निक्कै ठूलो हाहाकारको सिर्जना भएको थियो। राजाको शरीरभरि खलखल पसिना आएको थियो । त्यस घटनाले कीर्तिनिधिको जीउ पानी नै पानी भएको थियो । राजाका साथमा रहेका बङ्गाली डाक्टर हल्डरले हत्तपत्त राजाका पाखुरामा इन्जेक्सन लगाइदिएका थिए । त्यस बेला राजा महेन्द्रलाई ठूलो पीडा भएको थियो त्यही पीडामा राजाले निक्कै रन्थनिएका थिए । राजाको शरीरभरि खलखल पसिना आएको थियो । त्यस बेला राजा महेन्द्र कीर्तिनिधिका पाखुरा र नाडीको बीच भागलाई सिरानी लगाएर सुतेका थिए। त्यसै बेला राजा महेन्द्रले उनलाई रूपमा भनेका थिए, “खोइ कीर्तिनिधि, अब के हुने हो; मलाई जे भए पनि मेरो देश बाँच्नुपर्छ । म मरे पनि मेरो देश बाँचिरहोस् ।” त्यसपछि राजा महेन्द्र मूर्छा परेका थिए । राष्ट्रको चिन्तामा हृदयको रोदन पोख्तापोख्दै त्यस बेला राजा महेन्द्र अचेत भएका थिए । रातभर मचानमै बित्यो। भोलिपल्ट बिहान पाँच बजेतिर जमिनमा ल्याइयो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=महेन्द्र महिमा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/276391-1594963392.html |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रको उपचारको लागि जङ्गलमा तत्कालै मुटुविशेषज्ञ डा.मृगेन्द्रराज पाण्डेलाई बोलाइयो र उनी पनि त्यहाँ गएर राजाको उपचारमा संलग्न भए। <ref>{{Cite web |last=sangrahalaya |first=Sahitya- |date=2014-02-28 |title=संस्मरण : राजा महेन्द्रलाई हृदयाघात हुँदा |url=https://sahityasangraha.com/2014/02/28/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=साहित्य सङ्ग्रहालय |language=en-US}}</ref>अनि केही दिनपछि अमेरिकाबाट पनि चिकित्सकहरू आए जसअनुसार अमेरिकी डा. मेटिङ पनि राजा महेन्द्रको स्वास्थ्यउपचारमा केन्द्रित भए । डा. मेटिङ पूर्व [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति]] [[ड्वीट डेभिड आइजेनहावर|ड्वेट डि. आइजनहावर]] (कार्यकाल जनवरी २०, १९५३ – जनवरी २०, १९६१)का विशेष चिकित्सक थिए । आइजनहावरहावरलाई पटक, पटक हृदयाघात भएको थियो । अनि उनका भरोसा नै डा. मेटिङ्ग थिए । राजा महेन्द्रलाई केही आराम भएपछि उनलाई चैत्र २५ <ref name=":2" />मा [[टीकापुर पार्क|टीकापुर वृहत उद्यान]] ल्याइयो । [[कर्णाली नदी|कर्णाली नदि]] को भङ्गालो नजिकै राजा महेन्द्रका लागि काठको एउटा घर बनाइएको थियो । त्यहीँ नै राजाको सम्पूर्ण स्वास्थ्यउपचार गरिएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=editor |date=2020-06-12 |title=मुटुको व्यथाले कक्रक्क भएपछि… |url=https://sahityapost.com/top-news/8520/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=साहित्यपोस्ट}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekantipur.com/nepal/article/?id=3013|title=संस्मरण: राजा महेन्द्रलाई हृदयघात हुँदा|last=ज्ञावली|first=ईश्वरी|work=कान्तिपुर}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230081020/http://www.ekantipur.com/nepal/article/?id=3013 |date=2011-12-30 }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [https://www.nepalilekh.com/Author/Mahendra-Bir-Bikram-Shah/ महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहका रचनाहरू (नेपाली लेख डट कम)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210190347/https://www.nepalilekh.com/Author/Mahendra-Bir-Bikram-Shah/ |date=2025-02-10 }} {{कमन्स२|Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev|महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह देव}} {{बाकस-सुरू}} {{पदक्रम| पहिले=[[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]]| पद=[[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]]| अवधि=सन् १९५५ -- १९७२| पछि=[[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|बीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]]| }} {{बाकस-अन्त्य}} {{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका फिल्ड मार्सलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिल्ड मार्सलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस फिल्ड मार्सलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७२ मा मृत्यु]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] 39oq5dk7q4s042ujoahcbydya6smrat 1368363 1368362 2026-08-03T14:18:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रारम्भिक जीवन */ 1368363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख}} {{for|भारतको लागि नेपाली राजदूत |महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह}} {{Infobox Monarch | name = महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव | image = King Mahendra of Nepal.jpg | caption = महाराजाधिराज महेन्द्रको राज्याभिषेकका बेला | succession = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] | reign = वि.सं. २०११ चैत १ – वि.सं. २०२८ माघ १७<ref>[https://pustakalaya.org/media/uploads/op/pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf नेपालको शाह तथा राणा वंशावली: विष्णु प्रसाद श्रेष्ठ]</ref> | predecessor = [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रिभुवन]] | successor = [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] | consort = महेन्द्र | full name = | regnal name = श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव | house = [[शाह वंश|शाह]] | house-type = वंश | primeminister = [[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य]] | spouse = इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह <br/><small>(वि.सं. १९९७ बैशाख २९<ref>नेपालको शाह तथा राणा वंशावली: विष्णु प्रसाद श्रेष्ठ पृष्ठ २</ref> –२००७ भदौ १८, मृत्यू)</small> <br>[[रानी रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह|रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] <small>(वि.सं. २००९ माघ २५–२०२८, मौसुफको मृत्यु)</small> | issue = शान्ति शाही<br/>शारदा शाह<br/>[[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]]<br />[[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह]]<br />शोभा शाही<br/>[[धीरेन्द्र शाह|धिरेन्द्र शाह]] | royal house = | royal anthem = श्रीमान गम्भिर | father = [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रिभुवन‎]] | mother = [[कान्ति राज्यलक्ष्मीदेवी शाह|कान्ति राज्यलक्ष्मी]] | birth_date = १९७७ जेठ ३०<br>{{Birth date|1920|06|11|df=y}} | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार सङ्ग्रहालय|नारायणहिटी दरवार]], [[काठमाडौँ]] | death_date = वि.सं. २०२८ माघ १७ <br>{{Death date and age|1972|1|31|1920|06|11|df=y}} | death_place = [[दियालो बङ्गला राजदरबार|दियालो बङ्गला]], [[भरतपुर महानगरपालिका|भरतपुर]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्र र गणतन्त्र नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.prateekdaily.com/2020/07/blog-post_14.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रतिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> | place of burial = | coronation = वि.सं. २०१३ वैशाख २१ | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] | signature = }} '''महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह''' नेपालका नवौँ [[शाह वंश|शाहवंशीय]] राजा थिए। उनले वि.सं. २०११ चैत १ देखि वि.सं. २०२८ माघ १७ सम्म [[नेपालका राजा|नेपालको राजा]]को रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0" /> उनले १९९७ वैशाख २९ गते [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरि शमशेर जबरा]]की छोरी इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाहसँग विवाह गरेका थिए जहाँ उनीसँग उनका तीन छोरा [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]], [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र]] र [[धीरेन्द्र शाह|धीरेन्द्र]] र तीन छोरी शान्ति, शारदा र शोभा रहेका थिए। राजा महेन्द्रले वि.सं. २०१८ सालमा नवलपरासीको उनले ‘महेन्द्र राजमार्ग’ शिलान्यास गरेका थिए भने उनलेे वि.सं. २०२२ सालमा [[नवलपरासी जिल्ला]]को गैँडाकोटमा [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]]को उद्घाटन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजतन्त्रको पालामा बनेको गौरव महेन्द्र राजमार्ग गणतन्त्रमा जीर्ण अवस्थामा|युआरएल=https://nepalpatra.com/thought/124834/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्र|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> महेन्द्र उच्चकोटीको राजनीतिक र कुटनीतिक चातुर्यता भएका दूरदर्शी राजा थिए। आजको विन्दुबाट इतिहासलाई फर्केर हेर्दा उनले चालेका प्रत्येक कदम दूरदर्शी एवम् राष्ट्रिय भावनाबाट प्रेरित रहेको अनुभव गर्न सकिन्छ।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=महेन्द्रको दूरदर्शी विचारले नेपाल अहिले स्वतन्त्र छ – कमल थापा|युआरएल=https://www.kharibot.com/news-details/34868/kharibot|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=खरिबोट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सन्दर्भ पुस १ राजा महेन्द्र, जसले भारतीय सेनालाई नेपालबाट धपाए|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2015/12/363243|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== राजा महेन्द्रको जन्म विक्रम सम्वत् १९७७ मा [[नारायणहिटी दरबार सङ्ग्रहालय|नारायणहिटी दरबार]]मा भएको थियो। उनको विवाह [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शमशेर]]को नातिनी इन्द्र राज्य लक्ष्मीसँग भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ रत्नको आमा बन्ने अधिकार हनन् भएको थियो|युआरएल=https://www.dcnepal.com/2020/08/181191/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=डिसी नेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> विक्रम सम्वत २००७ कात्तिक २१ मा [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले भारतीय दुतावासमा शरण लिंदा युवराज महेन्द्र पनि सँगै गएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=फागुन ४ देखि ७ रोचक, महत्पूर्ण र नाटकीय चार दिन|युआरएल=https://www.ghamchhaya.com/?p=2073|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घामछायाँ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> राजा त्रिभुवनले [[सात सालको क्रान्ति|२००७ को क्रान्ति]]पछि राणाहरूलाई बिदाइ गर्ने क्रममा शाही सम्बोधनमा "गणतन्त्र" शब्द उल्लेख गरेकोमा र [[नेपालको अन्तरिम शासन विधान २००७|२००७ को अन्तरिम शासन बिधान]]मा राजसंस्थाको अधिकार घटाएकोमा महेन्द्रको चित्त बुझेको थिएन ।<ref name=":49">{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2020/12/12/160774023766243358.html|title=इतिहासको आँखामा 'एक अत्याचार'|website=ekantipur.com|language=ne|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref> ==शासनकाल== [[चित्र:Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah.jpg|thumb|left]] महेन्द्र राजा त्रिभुवनको उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा नेपालको राजा भएका थिए। राजा त्रिभुवनले उपचारको लागि युरोप प्रस्थान गर्दाको समयमा महेन्द्रले तात्कालिन राजा त्रिभुवनबाट शासनाधिकारको अख्तियार पाएका थिए। उनको [[राज्याभिषेक]] विक्रम सम्वत् २०१३ वैशाख २१ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/selected-originals-nepal-coronation-of-king-mahe-1|title=Selected Originals Nepal - Coronation Of…}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/nepal-coronation-of-king-mahendra/query/SCARBOROUGH|title=Nepal - Coronation Of King Mahendra|last=Pathé|first=British|publisher=|accessdate=20 July 2016}}</ref> === टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्यको मन्त्रीमण्डल === २०१२ साल माघ १३ गते, राजा महेन्द्रले आचार्यलाई [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=580 वि.सं. २०१२ माघ १३ को राजपत्र]</ref> उनको प्रधानमन्त्रीको क्रममा पहिलो [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|पञ्चवर्षीय योजना]]को सुरु भएको थियो। उनकै पालामा [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्कको स्थापना कहिले भएको हो ?|युआरएल=https://www.nrb.org.np/2020/11/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> र [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]को<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=बारम्बार सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|युआरएल=https://www.supremecourt.gov.np/web/faq|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=सर्वोच्च अदालत|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> स्थापना भएको थियो। आचार्यको कार्यकाललाई विदेश सम्बन्धका लागि नेपालका लागि सुनौलो युगको रुपमा पनि हेरिएको छ। धेरै देशहरूसँग कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध स्थापना गर्नुका साथै सरकार चिनियाँ सरकारसँग घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न सफल भएको थियो। २०१३ असोज २२ गते चीन सरकारले नेपाललाई ६ करोड प्रदान गरेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=महेन्द्रले पत्याएका मान्छे|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/195323-1573190940.html?click_from=category|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=नागरिक दैनिक|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref>[[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य]]ले २०१४ असारमा उनले प्रधानमन्त्री पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref name="rajpatra.dop.gov.np"/> === कुँवर इन्द्रजित सिंहको मन्त्रीमण्डल === [[कुँवर इन्द्रजित सिंह|कुँवर इन्द्रजित सिंह]]लाई २०१४ सालमा राजा महेन्द्रले प्रधानमन्त्रीमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref name="rajpatra.dop.gov.np">http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=1104</ref><ref name=":1">http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=1111</ref> उनको मन्त्रिपरिषदमा शिक्षा मन्त्री महाकवि [[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा]] रहेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=महाकविको कोट र बुद्धचित्तको बोट !|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/53029|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> अत्यन्तै उद्दण्ड स्वभावका देखिएकाले उनको सरकार ३ महिनासम्म पनि टिक्न सकेन। पछि उनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै [[सुवर्ण शमशेर राणा|सुवर्ण सम्शेर राणा]]को नेतृत्त्वमा सरकार गठन भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=तन, मन र धन सबै दिने नेता|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2014/02/26/384775.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> जनरल [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर]]को अनुसार उनले राजा महेन्द्रलाई उनकै पुर्खाहरू मझे निष्क्रिय बनाएर के आइ सिंहले आफू सर्वेसर्वा हुने प्रयास गरेकाले राजा महेन्द्रले उनलाई बर्खास्त गरेका थिए।<ref>नरशमशेरको जीवनी</ref> [[चित्र:King_Mahendra_Bir_Bikram_Shah_and_Queen_Ratna_Rajya_Lakshmi_Devi,_shortly_after_the_King’s_coronation,_1955.jpg|thumb|राजा महेन्द्र र रानी रत्न]] === नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५ === {{मुख्य|नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५}}देशलाई [[संसदीय व्यवस्था]] तर्फ लैजानका लागि राजा महेन्द्रले २०१५ मा संविधान जारी गरेका थिए। यो संविधान विक्रम सम्वत् २०१५ फागुन १ गते घोषणा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=७० वर्षमा ७ संविधान, यस्तो छ नेपालको संविधानको इतिहास|युआरएल=https://www.imagekhabar.com/news/4998/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=इमेज खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> २०१५ सालको निर्वाचन यसै संविधान अनुसार भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपालको संवैधानिक इतिहास|युआरएल=https://nepalpatra.com/articles/42809/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्र|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === आम निर्वाचन २०१५ === {{मुख्य|आम निर्वाचन २०१५}}'''आम निर्वाचन २०१५''', [[नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद|नेपालको संसद्]]को तल्लो सदन [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]को लागि १०९ प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई निर्वाचित गर्नको लागि वि.सं. २०१५ साल फागुन ७ देखि वि.सं. २०१५ साल चैत २१ सम्म ४५ दिन लगाएर गरिएको नेपालको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचन थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सेतोपाटी संवाददाता|शीर्षक=४५ दिन लगाएर गरिएको २०१५ सालको चुनाव|युआरएल=https://www.setopati.com/politics/103408/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=सेतोपाटी|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२७ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> वि.सं. २०१५ फागुन १ गते लागु गरिएको [[नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान २०१५]] बमोजिम यो निर्वाचन सम्पन्न गरिएको थियो।<ref name="चुनाव">{{cite web|last1=रिसाल|first1=भैरव|title=राजा झुक्किंदा भयो चुनाव|url=http://nepalihimal.com/article/15712|website=नेपाली हिमाल|accessdate=१९ जुन २०२०}}</ref> === बिपी मन्त्रिपरिषद् === [[चित्र:BP_Koirala_taking_oath_as_22nd_Prime_minister_of_Nepal.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|प्रधानमन्त्री [[पदको शपथ|पदको सपथ]]ग्रहण समारोहमा बिपी (बायाँ) र महेन्द्र (दायाँ)]] [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५|निर्वाचन]]मा सबैभन्दा ठुलो दलको रूपमा उदाएको नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले<ref name="one">{{वेब स्रोत |date=२०१७-१२-०१ |शीर्षक=केवल एक पार्टी प्रमुखले जितेका थिए पहिलो आमनिर्वाचन |युआरएल=https://deshsanchar.com/2017/12/01/358/ |पहुँचमिति=२०२०-०६-१७ |वेबसाइट=देशसञ्चार |भाषा=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टी सभापति [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बिपी कोइराला]]लाई संसदीय दलको नेता छानेर उनलाई [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]] बनाउन दावेदारी पेश गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०१६ जेठ १३ मा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाले तत्कालिन राजा महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह समक्ष सपथग्रहण लिई आफ्नो कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=यशस्वी राजनेता बीपी कोइराला|युआरएल=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2016/07/21/20160721202330|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्रिका|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === २०१७ साल पुष १ को कदम === {{मुख्य|२०१७ पुष १ गतेको शाही घोषणा}} महेन्द्रले विक्रम सम्वत् २०१७ सालमा जननिर्वाचित सरकार अपदस्थ गरेर राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथि प्रतिवन्ध लगाएर एकतन्त्रीय शासन चलाएका थिए। यही आधारमा उनलाई प्रजातन्त्र विरोधी, निरङ्कुश, तानाशाह जस्ता आरोपहरू लाग्ने गरेको छ।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कुमार रुपाखेती|शीर्षक=निरङ्कुश राजा महेन्द्र ?|युआरएल=http://www.prateekdaily.com/2013/08/blog-post_2933.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> महेन्द्र एक महत्त्वाकांक्षी राजा थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सन्दर्भ पुस १ः राजा महेन्द्र, जसले भारतीय सेनालाई नेपालबाट धपाए|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2015/12/363243|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=अनलाइन खबर|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> आफैँले प्रत्यक्ष शासन चालाउने मोह उनमा रहेको थियो। विक्रम सम्वत २०१७ सालको [[राज्यविप्लव|‘कु’]]मा यसबाहेकका कारणहरूसमेत छन्। मूल कारण भनेको नेपाललाई भारतीय हस्तक्षेप र प्रभावबाट जोगाउनु थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=भारत र महेन्द्र बीपीको उचाइको तगारो|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/110231/2019/12/17/poush-1-|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === पञ्चायती व्यवस्था === {{मुख्य|पञ्चायती व्यवस्था}} बहुदलीय संसदीय व्यवस्था नेपालमा अफाप सिद्ध भएको भन्दै [[२०१७ पुष १ गतेको शाही घोषणा|राजा महेन्द्रको शाही घोषणा]] मार्फत निर्वाचित संसद र [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला]]को मन्त्रीमण्डल विघटन गरेपछि २०१७ सालमा पञ्चायती व्यवस्था सुरू गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन ढल्यो पञ्चायती शासन ?|युआरएल=https://www.blastkhabar.com/news/2020/12/15/118515.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्लास्ट खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=९ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> यो निर्दलीय व्यवस्था थियो। २२ पुस २०१७ मा राजा महेन्द्रले लोकतान्त्रिक अभ्यास अन्त्य गरी "निर्दलिय" [[पञ्चायती व्यवस्था|पञ्चायत]] व्यवस्था लागुू गरेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्रको अलग धार|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2020/02/19/158209554423066618.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=९ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> [[नेपालको संविधान २०१९]] जारी भएसँगै यसले निर्दलीय पञ्चायती व्यवस्थाको जग झन् मजबुत तुल्याएको थियो। [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०४६|२०४६ को "जनआन्दोलन]]"ले राजतन्त्रलाई संवैधानिक सुधार गर्न र बहुदलिय संसद बनाउन बाध्य तुल्याएको थियो र फलस्वरूप नेपालमा बहुदलीय प्रजातन्त्रको पुनर्बाहली भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सम्झनामा जनआन्दोलन ०४६ (शृङ्खला १)|युआरएल=https://nepallive.com/story/213795|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल लाइभ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=९ जनवरी २०२१}}</ref> ===जनकपुर बम काण्ड=== {{मुख्य|जनकपुर बम काण्ड}} २०१८ साल माघ ९ गते राजा महेन्द्र पूर्वी भ्रमण पुरा गरी [[जानकी मन्दिर]]को दर्शनमा गएका थिए। दर्शन गरी रङभूमितर्फ फर्किरहेको अवस्थामा [[दुर्गानन्द झा]]को नेतृत्त्वमा अरबिन्दकुमार ठाकुर लगायत [[पञ्चायती व्यवस्था|पञ्चायत]] विरोधी युवाहरूले उनी सवार गाडीमा बम प्रहार गरेका थिए। दुर्गानन्द झा, अरबिन्दकुमार ठाकुर र दलसिंह थापालाई मृत्युदण्डको घोषणा गरिएको थियो। २०२० माघ २५ गते [[दुर्गानन्द झा]]लाई [[फाँसी]] दिइएको थियो<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=सहिद दुर्गानन्द झा जसलाई मृत्युदण्ड दिन कानुन नै संशोधन गर्नुपर्‍यो|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/76097|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> भने बाँकी दुई जनालाई जन्मकैदको घोषणा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=प्रजातान्त्रिक योद्धा अरबिन्दकुमार|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/196912-1574737560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=नागरिक दैनिक|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> ===नेपालको संविधान २०१९=== {{मुख्य|नेपालको संविधान २०१९}} पञ्चायती व्यवस्थाको आधार समेत मानिएको नेपालको संविधान २०१९ वि.सं. २०१९ पुस १ मा राजा महेन्द्रले जारी गरेका थिए। २० भाग ९७ धारा र ६ अनुसूची रहेको उक्त विधानमा १ सदनात्मक व्यवस्था रहेको थियो। उक्त व्यवस्थापिकाको नाम राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायत थियो। सार्वभौम सत्ता तथा अवशिष्ट अधिकार धारा ९० को आधारमा राजामा रहेको थियो। यस संविधानमा राजाको शाही घोषणाद्वारा संविधान संसोधन हुन सक्ने प्रावधान रहेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=प्रेमराज सिलवाल|शीर्षक=नेपालका संविधान कस्ता|युआरएल=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/amp/opinion/2020-09-19-22916|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=गोरखापत्र|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> === गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान, २०२४ === {{मुख्य|गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान}} [[चित्र:Back to the Village National Campaign.jpg|thumb|गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान]] गउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान [[पञ्चायती व्यवस्था]]को एउटा राजनीतिक कार्यक्रम थियो। गाउँबाट अध्ययन र रोजगारीका लागि सहर गएका नेपालीहरूलाई गाउँ फर्काउनका लागि यो अभियान ल्याइएको थियो। === विदेश भ्रमण === [[चित्र:Staatsbezoek_Koningin_en_Koning_van_Nepal,_Bestanddeelnr_920-2613.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|राजा महेन्द्र र महारानी जुलियाना नेदरल्यान्ड्सको राजकीय भ्रमण, १९६७ अप्रिल २५]] [[चित्र:Staatsbezoek_Koningin_en_Koning_van_Nepal_aan_Amsterdam,_erewacht_inspectie_door,_Bestanddeelnr_920-2616.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|महारानी जुलियाना र राजा महेन्द्र राजकीय भ्रमणमा ड्याम स्क्वायरमा गार्ड अफ अनर (सम्मान गारद) ग्रहण गर्दै, १९६७ अप्रिल २५]] {| class="wikitable" |+ !देश !भ्रमण गरेको क्षेत्र !मिति !वर्णन |- |{{झन्डा|सोभियत सङ्घ}} | |जेठ २२- असार १२, २०१५ | |- |{{झन्डा|जापान}} | |२८ चैत २०१६<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=जगत नेपाल|शीर्षक=यस्तो थियो महेन्द्र र बीपीबीच व्यक्तित्वको टकराव|युआरएल=https://pahilopost.com/content/-15340.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=पहिलो पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> | |- |{{झन्डा|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका}} | होनोलुलु (हवाई), न्युयोर्क सहर, क्नोक्सभिल (टेनेसी), सान फ्रान्सिस्को, लस एन्जलस, न्यु मेक्सिको, मियामी, डेट्रोइट |१५-१८ वैशाख २०१७<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/nepal Visits By Foreign Leaders of Nepal]</ref> |वैशाख १६ मा, [[अमेरिकी कङ्ग्रेस|अमेरिकी काङ्ग्रेस]]मा सम्बोधन |- |{{झन्डा|संयुक्त अधिराज्य}} |[[लन्डन]] |१-४ कात्तिक २०१७ | |- |{{झन्डा|मेक्सिको}} | |जेठ ३-५ जेठ २०१७ | |- |{{झन्डा|क्यानडा}} | |१२-१५ जेठ २०१७ | |- |{{झन्डा|चीन}} | |१५-१९ असोज २०१८ | |- |{{झन्डा|फ्रान्स}} |पेरिस |२०२३ कात्तिक ९ | |- |{{झन्डा|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका}} |विलियम्सबर्ग, केप केनेडी र न्युयोर्क सहर। | १५-१८ कात्तिक २०२४ |२०२४ कात्तिक २३ गते पछि, शिकारका लागि अलास्का प्रस्थान। |- |{{झन्डा|इरान}} | |२६-३० असोज २०२८ |[[फारसी साम्राज्य]] स्थापनाको २५००औँ वर्षगाठ समारोहमा उपस्थित |} == कार्यहरू == === अर्थतन्त्रको सुधार === राजा महेन्द्रले [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|योजनाबद्ध विकास]]को सुरुवात गरेका थिए। उनले वि.सं. २०१३ मा [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|पञ्चवर्षीय योजना]]को अवधारणाको विकास गरेका थिए।<ref name=":51">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zum.de/whkmla/sp/0708/eunmo/eunmo1.html#ed|title=Modernization of Nepal under the Shah Dynasty, 1951-1991|last=Yang|first=Eunmo|date=2007|website=www.zum.de|publisher=Korean Minjok Leadership Academy International Program|access-date=2022-07-26}}</ref> नेपाल राजनीतिक, आर्थिक, प्रशासनिक सबै ढङ्गबाट नेपाल भारतमा निर्भर रहेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्र एक दूरदर्शी राजनेता|युआरएल=https://livemandu.com/archives/10307|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लाइभमाडौँ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> वि.सं. २००७ सालदेखि वि.सं. २०११ सम्मको भारतसितको आर्थिक निर्भरता ९५ प्रतिशत रहेको थियो। महेन्द्रले त्यसलाई ६० प्रतिशतभन्दा तल ल्याउन सफल भएका थिए। राजा हुनासाथ महेन्द्रले आर्थिक तथा प्रशासनिक संरचनाहरूको निर्माणमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेका थिए। उनले [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]] र [[राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग]]को स्थापना गरेर अर्थतन्त्रलाई व्यवस्थापन गरेका थिए।<ref>[https://www.npc.gov.np/np/page/2/about_us/introduction_history राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग परिचय र इतिहास] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806123942/https://npc.gov.np/np/page/2/about_us/introduction_history |date=2020-08-06 }}</ref><ref name=":51" /> विदेशी राष्ट्रहरूको सहयोगमा भौतिक पूर्वाधारहरू निर्माण गरेर अर्थतन्त्रको जग बसाल्ने काम पनि उनले गरेका थिए। बालाजु औद्योगिक क्षेत्र (वि.सं. २०१८), हेटौँडा औद्योगिक क्षेत्र, वीरगन्ज चिनी कारखाना, [[नेसनल ट्रेडिङ लिमिटेड]], [[नेपाल आयल निगम लिमिटेड|नेपाल आयल निगम]], कृषि औजार कारखाना, [[जनकपुर चुरोट कारखाना लिमिटेड|जनकपुर चुरोट कारखाना]], बाँसवारी जुत्ता कारखाना, सिमेन्ट र कपडा उद्योगहरू, सबै उनकै पालामा स्थापना भएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कथा जनकपुर चुरोट कारखानाको|युआरएल=http://theexclusiveweekly.blogspot.com/2015/01/blog-post_28.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref><ref>Khatri, M. B. (2018). Industrial development in Nepal: Problems and prospects. ''Economic Journal of Nepal'', ''41''(3-4), 25-40.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2018/01/30/govt-decides-to-scrap-national-trading-limited|title=Govt decides to scrap National Trading Limited|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2022-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA5LRUUFSHDXUZM9XMKIKOBNTMX-NEPAL-CHINESE-TANNERY-BEGINS-PRODUCTION/query/King+Mahendra|title=Nepal: Chinese Tannery Begins Production|last=Pathé|first=British|website=www.britishpathe.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newbusinessage.com/Articles/view/4685|title=Domestic Footwear Industry Flourishes|website=www.newbusinessage.com|language=en|access-date=2022-06-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404142726/http://www.newbusinessage.com/Articles/view/4685 |date=2023-04-04 }}</ref>. [[शीतयुद्ध]]को समयमा दुवै धुरी संग समदुरी कायम गर्दै दुवै पक्षबाट आर्थिक सहयोगको वातावरण मिलाएर अर्थतन्त्र उकास्ने प्रयास गरेका थिए। ===राजमार्ग तथा सडक === राजा महेन्द्रको शासनकालमा [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]], [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग]] र [[अरनिको राजमार्ग]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कोदारी राजमार्ग बनेपछि...|युआरएल=https://nepalmag.com.np/memoir/2015/12/06/20151206181228|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाल पत्रिका|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> जस्ता मुख्य सडकहरूको निर्माण भएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आज राजा महेन्द्रको १००औँ जन्मजयन्ती, कस्ता थिए राजा महेन्द्र ?|युआरएल=https://rastriyasamachar.com/2019/06/12/20371/amp/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=राष्ट्रिय समाचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> पूर्व-पश्चिम राजमार्गमा राजा महेन्द्रको महत्त्वपूर्ण देन रहेको थियो। उक्त राजमार्ग नहुँदासम्म तराईमा एउटा जिल्लाबाट अर्को जिल्ला जानुपर्दा भारतको बाटो प्रयोग गर्नुपर्दथ्यो। राजा महेन्द्रले विदेशी सहयोगमा [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|राजमार्ग]] निर्माण गरेर यो अवस्था अन्त्य गरेका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्रको सपना|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/164742-1542938280.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रले सुरुमा यो राजमार्गका निर्माणका लागि भारतलाई अनुरोध गरेका थिए। तर, भारतले नमानेपछि [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]को सहयोग लिएका थिए। ढल्केबरदेखि पथलैयासम्मको सडक [[रुस]]ले बनाइदिएपछि भारत पनि आकर्षित भएको थियो। ढल्केबरदेखि मेची खण्ड भारतले बनाइदियो भने हेटौँडा नारायणगढ खण्ड [[एसियाली विकास बैङ्क]], नारायणगढ-बुटबल खण्ड बेलायत र बुटबल कोहलपुर खण्ड भारतको सहयोगमा निर्माण सम्पन्न भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=बुटवल–नारायणगढ सडक : महेन्द्रले बनाएको राजमार्ग ओलीले चौडा गर्दै|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/news/details/5139885647331328?ns=|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> चीनले कोदारी राजमार्ग निर्माण गर्ने भनेपछि भारत तीव्ररूपमा आक्रोशित बनेको थियो। राजमार्ग निर्माण २०१६ सालमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=५२ वर्षअघि यसरी बन्यो कोदारी राजमार्ग|युआरएल=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/17683/2019-06-22|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नयाँ पत्रिका|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> यसरी राजा महेन्द्रले आफ्नो कुटनीतिक चातुर्यता प्रयोग गरी चौतर्फीरूपमा वैदेशिक सहयोग हासिल गर्न सफल भएका थिए। शीत युद्धको समयमा नेपालले दुवै गुटसँग समदुरी कायम गर्दै दुवै पक्षबाट सहायता प्राप्त गरेको थियो। ===कूटनैतिक अभियान === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय जगतमा नेपाललाई स्थापित गराउन महेन्द्रले खेलेको भूमिका महत्त्व छ। [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र]]को सदस्यता दिलाउने देखि लिएर नेपाललाई शान्तिक्षेत्रका रूपमा स्थापित गराउने सोच उनैको थियो। [[पञ्चशील]] र [[असंलग्न आन्दोलन|असंलग्न परराष्ट्र नीति]]को सिद्धान्तलाई अङ्गीकार<ref>[https://e-nnw.com/nepal-and-the-non-aligned-movement/ Nepal and the Non – Aligned Movement BY: NNW TEAM ON: APRIL 10, 2015 IN: NNW ARTICLES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032252/https://e-nnw.com/nepal-and-the-non-aligned-movement/ |date=October 26, 2020 }}</ref> गर्दै उनले छिमेकी देशहरूसित दौत्य सम्वन्ध बनाएर त्यसलाई सन्तुलनमा राखेका थिए। उनले तराईमा भारतीयले थिचोमिचो नगरून् भनेर झापादेखि कञ्चनपुरसम्म ठाउँठाउँमा नेपालीहरूको बस्ती बसालेका थिए भने उनले हतियार चलाउन जानेका भूपू सैनिकदेखि लिएर बर्माबाट लखेटिएका नेपालीहरूलाई आवास उपलब्ध गराएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कसरी बनाए महेन्द्रले स्वाधीन र सार्वभौम नेपाल ?|युआरएल=https://www.nayapage.com/archives/25579|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नयाँ पेज|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> २०१८ सालमा नवलपरासीको गैँडाकोटमा उनले ‘[[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]]’ शिलान्यास गरेका थिए। भारतीय रुपियाँ नेपाली नोट सरह चलिरहेकामा उनले त्यसलाई बन्द गराएका थिए। नेपाल स्वाधीन राष्ट्र हो भन्ने कुरा संसारलाई बुझाउन राजा महेन्द्रले ४५ देशसँग राजा महेन्द्रले कूटनीतिक सम्बन्ध स्थापना गरेेेेका थिए भने <ref>https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/diplomatic-relations/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627173905/https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/diplomatic-relations/ |date=2022-06-27 }}</ref> २०१२ साल नेपालले [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र|संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ]]को सदस्यता प्राप्त गरेको थियो। त्यस पश्चात् [[ऋषिकेश शाह]] संयुक्त राष्ट्रको स्थायी प्रतिनिधि बनेका थिए।<ref>[https://www.un.int/nepal/ PERMANENT MISSION OF NEPAL TO THE UNITED NATIONS]</ref> २०१२ साल माघ १३ गते, राजा महेन्द्रले आचार्यलाई [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=580 वि.सं. २०१२ माघ १३ को राजपत्र]</ref> भने उनले चीन र जापानको भ्रमण गरेर मैत्री सम्बन्ध स्थापना गरेका थिए। === राष्ट्रियताको सम्वर्द्धन === राष्ट्रियताको संवर्द्धनमा राजा महेन्द्रको भूमिका अविस्मरणीय रहेको छ। जतिबेला [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] भाषाको नेपालमा अत्यधिक दबदबा थियो, उनले [[नेपाली भाषा]]लाई राष्ट्रभाषाका रूपमा स्थापित गरेर यसलाई देशव्यापी बनाएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=वर्तमान नेपाल र राजा महेन्द्र|युआरएल=http://www.nepalgunjnews.com/main-news/20191238968/amp/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपालगन्ज न्युज|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क|नेपाल राष्ट्र बैेंक]]को स्थापना गरेर राजा महेन्द्रले नेपाली मुद्रालाई अधिराज्यभरि अनिवार्य गरिदिएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=हिमालय शम्शेर राणा|शीर्षक=भारु हटाएर नेपाली रुपैयाँ चलाउन खुलेको थियो राष्ट्र बैङ्क, पहिलो गभर्नरको अनुभव|युआरएल=https://www.bizmandu.com/content/-21750.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=बिजमाडौँ|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> जबकि त्यतिबेला नेपालमा ९० प्रतिशत भारतीय मुद्राको चलनचल्ती रहेको थियो। उनले लागु गरेको “एउटै भाषा एउटै भेष”” को नीतिलाई कतिपयले असन्तुष्टि पनि जनाएका छन् === सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक सुधार === २०२० साल भदौ १ गते नयाँ मुलुकी ऐन घोषणा गरी उनले छुवाछुत, जातिभेद र लैङ्गगिक भेदभाव विरुद्धको नीति अख्तियार गरेका थिए। २०२१ सालमा भूमिसुधार ऐन घोषणा गर्दै उनले जमिन्दारी प्रथा र बिर्ता उन्मूलन गरी जग्गा जोत्ने [[मोही]]हरूको अधिकार सुरक्षित गरेका थिए। उनले २०१३ सालमा [[राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग]]को स्थापना गराएका थिए। २०१४ सालमा [[नेपाल प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान|नेपाल राजकीय प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान]] र [[नेपाल वायुसेवा निगम|शाही नेपाल वायुसेवा निगम]] स्थापना गरिएको थियो। [[बालचन्द्र शर्मा]] र महाकवि [[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा]]को परिकल्पना बमोजिम राजा महेन्द्रबाट नेपाल साहित्य कला प्रतिष्ठान (एकेडेमी)को स्थापना भएको हो। [[काठमाडौँ]]को कमलादीमा रहेको ५० रोपनी जग्गामा आफ्नै निजी कोषबाट यसको स्थापना भएको थियो। तत्कालिन राजाको यो कदमले साहित्यिक क्षेत्रमा ठूलै हलचल ल्याएको थियो। [[सत्यमोहन जोशी]]का अनुसार साहित्यकारहरूले आफू पनि सम्मानित भएको अनुभूति गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jhannaya.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/214/2019-05-11 |title=हामी यसरी प्राज्ञ भयौँ |last=जोशी |first=सत्यमोहन |website=नयाँ पत्रिका |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-10-13 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810102502/https://jhannaya.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/214/2019-05-11 |date=2022-08-10 }}</ref> उनले त्यस पश्चात् कर्मचारी वृत्ति विकास गर्न नेपाल निजामती ऐन ल्याएका थिए, फलस्वरूप <ref>नेपाल निजामती सेवा ऐन, २०१३</ref> र [[पँजनी|पँजनी प्रथा]]को अन्त्य भएको थियो। २०१२ मा, प्रहरी ऐन<ref>[http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/np/archives/category/documents/prevailing-law/statutes-acts/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8 प्रहरी ऐन २०१२]</ref> बनेसँगै सेनाको मनोबल उठाउने प्रयासहरू भएका थिए। २०१८ साल वैशाख १ गते १४ अञ्चल ७५ जिल्लामा विभाजन गरी प्रसासनिक विकेन्द्रीकरण गरिएको थियो। २०२० सालमाा, जातिभेद उन्मूलन गर्न छुवाछूत विरोधी ऐन ल्याइएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=छुवाछूत अन्तको लागि नयाँ सूत्रको आवश्यक छ|युआरएल=https://dharananews.com/thoughts/2020-08-06-9435|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=धरान न्युज|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> २०२१ सालमा किसानहरूलाई मोहियानी मोहियानी हक दिलाइएको थियो। उनले [[त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय|त्रिभूवन विश्वविद्यालय]]को आधुनिकीकरण गर्दै उच्च शिक्षा नेपालमै हासिल गर्ने अवस्था सिर्जना गर्दै भने पाठ्यक्रमबाट भारतीय पुस्तकहरू विस्थापित गराएका थिए। स्थानीय परम्परा, धर्म–संस्कृति, रहनसहन, पर्व तथा भाषाहरू बचाउन उनले [[नेपाल प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान|नेपाल राजकीय प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठान]], [[राष्ट्रिय नाचघर]] लगायतका संस्थाहरूलाई सक्रिय गराएका थिए। === राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ === {{मुख्य|राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७}} राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ र राज्य अदालत उन्मूलन ऐन, २०१७ लागु भएपछि सबै राज्यहरू खारेज भएका थिए। यद्यपि राज्य रजौटा ऐनले सल्यान, बझाङ, जाजरकोट, मुस्ताङ, भिर्कोट, माल्नेटा, दर्ना गरी १७ रजौटालाई मान्यता दिएको थियो। वि.सं २०१७ मा, राज्य अदालत उन्मुलन ऐन लागु भएपछि राज्य अदालतको ठाउँमा इलाका अदालतको गठन गरिएको थियो। ===नयाँ मुलुकी ऐन=== श्री ५ महेन्द्रबाट वि.सं. २०२० भदौ १ गते नयाँ मुलुकी ऐन लागु गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2015/laws/LA-NP/Statutes-Acts/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8%20(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B),%20%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6.pdf मुलुकी ऐन २०२०]</ref> ===भूमिसुधार कार्यक्रम=== श्री ५ महेन्द्रबाट २०२१ साल मङ्सिर १ मा भूमिसुधार कार्यक्रम लागु गरिएको थियो। भूमिसुधार कार्यक्रमबाट [[जमिनदारी प्रथा]]को उन्मुलन, जग्गाको हदबन्दी, [[मोहियानी हक]]को व्यवस्था, [[मोहि]]ले जग्गाधनीलाई तिर्नुपर्ने कुतको निश्चितता लगायत्का विविध व्यवस्थाहरू गरिएका थिए। यसमा भूमि सम्बन्धी कार्यक्रम लागु गरी देशका गरिब जनताको हितका लागि क्रान्तिकारी परिवर्तन ल्याउने उद्देश्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=10904 नेपाल राज पत्र]</ref> वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा भूमि प्रशासन ऐन लागु भई भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालयहरू खोलिएका थिए। वि.सं. २०२७ सालमा मालपोत असूली र स्याहाको लागि “कोष तथा तहसिल” कार्यालय खोलिएका थिए। वि.सं. २०१८ साल देखि जग्गा प्रशासनको लागि ७५ जिल्लामा माल अड्डाहरू स्थापना गरिएका थिए। वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा भूमि प्रशासन ऐन जारी भएपछि सुरुमा [[काठमाडौँ उपत्यका]]का तीन जिल्ला सहित ९ जिल्लामा जग्गा (नापजाँच) ऐन, २०१९ अनुसार तयार भएको नक्सा र स्रेस्ताबाट भूमिको प्रशासन हेर्ने गरी भूमिसुधार मन्त्रालय अन्तर्गत भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालय स्थापना भएका थिए। वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालय खारेज गरी भूमिसुधार कार्यालय नामाकरण गरिएको थियो भने त्यस पश्चात् तत्कालीन कोष तथा तहसिल कार्यालयलाई मालपोत कार्यालयमा परिणत गरिएको थियो। भूमि प्रशासन कार्यालयले दिएको लगत अनुसार मालपोत असूल गर्न वि.सं. २०२६ सालमा मालपोत कार्यालयलाई तत्कालीन अर्थ मन्त्रालयको मालपोत विभाग अन्तर्गत रहने गरी स्थापना गरिएको थियो। वि.सं. २०२८ सालमा सो मालपोत कार्यालयको नाम कोष तथा तहसिल कार्यालयमा परिणत भएको थियो।<ref>[http://dolrm.gov.np/office/118/aboutus नेपाल सरकार भूमि व्यवस्था,सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालय भूमि व्यवस्थापन तथा अभिलेख विभाग] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402081735/http://dolrm.gov.np/office/118/aboutus |date=2020-04-02 }}</ref> === भारतीय सेना फिर्ता === २०२८ सालमा नेपाल तिब्बत सिमामा राखिएका भारतीय सैनिकका १७ वटा चेकपोष्टहरू हटाउने कार्य महेन्द्रले भारतविरुद्ध चालेको सबैभन्दा साहसिक कदमका रूपमा लिइन्छ। २०२६ सालमा राजाले सूर्यबहादुर थापालाई अपदस्थ गरेर [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]लाई प्रधानमन्त्री बनाएका थिए।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=दिलनाथ गिरी|शीर्षक=देशभक्त राजनेता कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट|युआरएल=https://www.dcnepal.com/2020/08/179211/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=डिसी नेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> भारतीय चेकपोस्ट हटाउने विषयमा उनी आफैँ संलग्न नभईकन कीर्तिनिधिलाई अघि सारेका थिए। कीर्तिनिधि विष्टले सुरुमा भारतलाई आफ्नो चेकपोस्ट फिर्ता लैजान अनुरोध गर्दै लिखित पत्र पठाएका थिए। नेपाल एउटा स्वाधीन राष्ट्र भएकाले विदेशी सैनिकको उपस्थिति हाम्रो र हाम्रा छिमेकीको हित अनुकलमा छैन भन्दै उनले पत्र लेखेका थिए। तर, भारतले यसमा कुनै सुनवाइ गरेको थिएन। त्यसपछि कीर्तिनिधिले विष्टले [[भारत-नेपाल शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि|१९५० को मैत्री सन्धि]]को कुनै वैधानिकता छैन भनेर भाषण गरेका थिए।<ref>[https://www.recordnepal.com/wire/indian-checkposts-lipu-lekh-and-kalapani/ The Indian checkposts, Lipu Lekh, and Kalapani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814112055/https://www.recordnepal.com/wire/indian-checkposts-lipu-lekh-and-kalapani/ |date=2020-08-14 }}</ref> नेपालले आफैँ ती चेकपोस्टहरू हटाउने तयारी गरेपछि तत्कालीन भारतीय परराष्ट्रमन्त्री विनयसिंह नेपाल आएका थिए।सरकार आफ्नो अडानबाट पछि नहटेपछि यो विषय अन्तर्राष्ट्रियकरण हुने डरले भारतले ती चेकपोस्टहरू फिर्ता लगेको थियो।<ref name="countrystudies foreign policy">{{citation|editor-last=Savada|editor-first=Andrea Matles|chapter=Foreign Policy|title=Nepal: A Country Study|publisher=GPO for the Library of Congress|year=1991|chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/nepal/64.htm|accessdate=17 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Global Dimensions of Indo-Nepal Political Relations: Post Independence|isbn=9788121210256|last1=Singh|first1=Raj Kumar|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvgtRCmjsIoC&pg=PA412&lpg=PA412&dq=indian+military+mission+to+nepal+in+1952#v=onepage}}</ref> चेकपोस्ट हटाएको निहुँमा नै भारतले नेपालमाथि २०२८ सालमा नाकाबन्दी लगाइदिएको थियो।<ref>https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/rnjds/article/download/2127{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} '''2. SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF UNDECLARED BLOCKADE OF INDIA ON NEPAL - Bhuwaneswor Pant2'''</ref> भारतीय नाकाबन्दीले ठुलो असर सिर्जना गर्न नसकेपछि भारत पछि हट्न बाध्य बनेेेेको थियो। उनले नेपालमा भारतीय प्रभावलाई पहिलेको तुलनामा ४० प्रतिशतभन्दा तल झार्न सफल भएका थिए। === सत्ता हस्तान्तरणको तयारी === राजाले सत्ता आफ्नो हातमा लिँदा एउटा आधार तयार पारेर ‘जनताको नासो जनतालाई नै फिर्ता गर्छु’ भनेका थिए। जीवनको अन्त्यतिर प्रजातान्त्रिक प्रणालीका लागि संविधान मस्यौदा गर्ने काम आफैँलाई सुम्पिएको शम्भुप्रसाद ज्ञवालीले पनि लेख्नुभएको छ। सूर्यबहादुर थापाको आत्मकथामा ‘संशोधित मस्यौदा तयार भइसकेको थियो, निधन नभएको भए चितवनबाट फर्किएपछि लागु हुन्थ्यो। काङ्ग्रेसका नेताहरू बोलाएर जिम्मा लगाउनेसम्मको तयारी थियो’ भन्ने उल्लेख छ। देशमा विदेशी सैनिकको उपस्थिति थियो। पार लगाउने श्रेय उनैलाई जान्छ। केही समयका लागि भनेर घोषणामै भनिएको थियो, जनतामा अधिकार हस्तान्तरण गर्ने प्रक्रिया पनि शुरू भएको हो। शम्भुप्रसाद ज्ञवालीको संयोजकत्वमा संविधान संशोधनको मस्यौदा पनि तयार हुँदै गरेको थियो। त्यसो हुँदा राजा निरकुंशताको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा थिएनन् भन्ने बुझ्नुपर्ने हुन्छ।   <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=[[भेष बहादुर थापा]] |date=२०८० पुष १, आइतबार |title=‘महेन्द्र रहेको भए उनीबाटै जनतामा अधिकार हस्तान्तरण हुन्थ्यो’ |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20231217-paush1-coup-mahendra-shaha-/13230 |website=उकालो}}</ref> ==मृत्यु== राजा महेन्द्रको मृत्यु २०२८ माघ १७ बिहान ३:४५ मा [[चितवन जिल्ला|चितवन]]को [[दियालो बङ्गला राजदरबार|दियालो बङ्गला दरबार]]मा भएको थियो। उनको निधन पश्चात्, उनका जेठा पुत्र युवराज [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]]ले राजगद्दी सम्हालेका थिए।<ref>http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=5107</ref><ref>http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=5109</ref> भरतपुरबाट राजा महेन्द्रको पार्थिव शरीरलाई बोकेर एक विशेष हेलिकप्टर माघ १७ गते अपरान्ह ४ बजेर ४५ मिनेट जाँदा [[त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|त्रिभुवन विमानस्थल]]मा ओर्लिएको थियो। राजा महेन्द्रका छोराहरू मध्ये माहिला छोरा तत्कालीन अधिराजकुमार [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|ज्ञानेन्द्र]] सोही हेलिकप्टर र कान्छा छोरा अधिराजकुमार [[धीरेन्द्र शाह|धीरेन्द्र]] अर्को हेलिकप्टरमा साथै आएका थिए। उनको पार्थिव शरीरको मुहार सम्म रामनाम लेखिएको [[पीताम्बर]] र सेतो कपडा त्यसमाथि फूलमालाहरूले ढाकिएको थियो। राजा महेन्द्रलाई अन्तिम श्रद्धाञ्जली दिन विमानस्थलमा नै ठूलो भीड जम्मा भएको थियो। राजा महेन्द्रको पार्थिव शरीरलाई विमानस्थलबाट ब्राह्मणहरूले बाँसको खटमा बोकेर आर्यघाट सम्म पुर्याएका थिए। खट बोकेका ती ब्राह्मणका पछाडि छोराहरू अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र र धीरेन्द्र, भाइहरू अधिराजकुमार हिमालय र बसुन्धरा समेत सँगै थिए। शवयात्रमा प्रधानमन्त्री, प्रधानन्यायाधीश, [[राष्ट्रिय पञ्चायत]]का अध्यक्ष, मन्त्रीगण, राजसभा स्थायी समितिका सभापति, राजसभाका सदस्यहरू, संवैधानिक अङ्गका प्रमुखहरू र सदस्यहरू त्यस्तै नेपाल स्थित विभिन्न कूटनीतिक नियोगका प्रतिनिधिहरू समेत उपस्थित थिए। राजा महेन्द्रको अन्तिम संस्कारमा सहभागी हुन भारतका उपराष्ट्रपति जि.एस. पाठक एवम् मन्त्री राजबहादुर समेत नेपाल आएका थिए। [[आर्यघाट|पशुपति आर्यघाट]]मा माइला अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्रले राजा महेन्द्रको पार्थिव शरीरमा दागबत्ती चढाएर अन्त्येष्टि गरेका थिए। राजगद्दी एकछिन पनि खाली राख्न नहुने परम्परा अनुसार पहिले नयाँ राजा घोषित गरेपछि मात्र दिवङ्गत राजाको निधनको घोषणा गरिन्थ्यो। राजाको उत्तराधिकारी जेठो छोरो वीरेन्द्रले नयाँ राजाका रूपमा राजगद्दी सम्हाल्नु पर्ने थियो। त्यसैले जेठो छोरा बाहेक अरू छोराहरू मात्र राजाको अन्त्येष्टोली सरिक हुन्थे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजा महेन्द्रको अपत्यारिलो अवसानको ५० वर्ष पूरा |url=https://oldphotosofnepal.com/post/308 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506052847/https://oldphotosofnepal.com/post/308 |date=2024-05-06 }}</ref> ===प्रतिक्रिया === विभिन्न मुलुकका राष्ट्राध्यक्षले शोक सन्देश पठाएका थिए। ती शोक सन्देश पठाउनेमध्येमा जापानका [[हिरोहितो]], बेलायतकी महारानी एलिजाबेथ द्वितीया, थाइल्यान्डका राजा भूमिबल, डेनमार्ककी महारानी मार्गरेट, स्विडेनका राजा गुस्ताफ, नेदरल्यान्डसकी महारानी जुलियाना, इरानका राजा मोहम्मद रजा पहलवी, अफगानिस्तानका राजा महम्मद जहिर, भारतका राष्ट्रपति भीभी गिरी, ग्रिसका राजा कन्सटान्टाइन, अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[रिचार्ड निक्सन]], रूसका राष्ट्रपति एन पोदगर्नी, जोर्डनका राजा हुसेन, इजरायलका राष्ट्रपति साहजर र लाओसका राजा साभाङ्ग थिए। जनगणतन्त्र चीनका उपाध्यक्ष तथा प्रधानमन्त्रीले समेत शोक सन्देश पठाएका थिए। राजा महेन्द्रको निधनमा छिमेकी भारतको दुवै सदनमा एक मिनेट मौन धारण गरी शोक व्यक्त गरिएको थियो। भारतको सदनको संयुक्त बैठकलाई सम्बोधन गर्दै राष्ट्रपति भीभी गिरीले राजा महेन्द्रको आकस्मिक निधनबाट भारतीयहरुलाई ठूलो दुःख लागेको कुरा बताएका थिए। त्यस्तै प्रधानमन्त्री [[इन्दिरा गान्धी]]ले लोकसभा बैठकलाई सम्बोधन गर्दै राजा महेन्द्र दूरदर्शी र कुशल राजनीतिज्ञ भएको उल्लेख गरेकी थिइन्। फ्रान्स, पश्चिम जर्मनीसहित संसारभरका विभिन्न मुलुकले शोक सन्देश पठाएका थिए। इजरायलका राष्ट्रपति साहजरले रेडियो सम्बोधनमार्फत राजा महेन्द्रको निधनबाट इजरायलले एक सच्चा मित्र गुमाएको बताएका थिए। साथै उनले राजा महेन्द्रसँगको आफ्नो व्यक्तिगत सम्बन्ध उल्लेख गर्दै आफूले राजा महेन्द्रका केही कविता हिब्रु भाषामा अनुवाद गरेको समेत स्मरण गरेका थिए। उनको निधनबारे समाचार प्रकाशित गर्दै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समाचार एजेन्सी दी एसोसियटेड प्रेसले राजा महेन्द्रले नेपालमा भूमिसुधार लागू गरेको, नयाँ मुलुकी ऎन जारी गर्दै त्यसमा रहेको छुवाछुतको अन्त्य र बहुविवाहलाई दण्डनीय गरेको उल्लेख गरेको थियो। त्यस्तै मुलुकमा वैदेशिक सहायता भित्र्याएर विमानस्थल, राजमार्ग, अस्पताल, विद्यालयसहित हज्जारौं पर्यटकहरुलाई बस्न पर्यटकीय आवासको व्यवस्था गरेको समाचारमा उल्लेख थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजा महेन्द्रको निधन, अन्त्येष्टि र शोक सन्देश* |url=https://himalpress.com/2023/01/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8b-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Himal Press |language=en-US}}</ref> ==आलोचना== # निरङ्कुश राजा<br><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कुमार रुपाखेती|शीर्षक=निरङ्कुश राजा महेन्द्र ?|युआरएल=http://www.prateekdaily.com/2013/08/blog-post_2933.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रतीक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रलाई लाग्ने मुख्य आरोप नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसको सरकार र संसद विघटन गरे भन्ने छ। यस बारे उनको भनाइ थियो "म मेरा प्रजालाई प्रजातन्त्र बदला सबल राष्ट्र दिनेछु। हाम्रो प्रमुख शत्रु भनेको गरिबी हो।", "मेरो प्राण रहेसम्म र मैले गरेर हुनेसम्म नेपालीको हात खुट्टा लुलो हुन दिने छैन। यो पनि मेरो दृढ संकल्प मध्ये मै छ।"<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०२७ जेठ |title=सिपाही |url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/sipahiannual/sipahi2027 |journal=सिपाही शाही सैनिक वार्षिक पत्रिका |pages=पेज ११}}</ref> # एक देश एक भेषको नीति<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=चिरञ्जीवी पौडेल|शीर्षक=राजा महेन्द्रको उचित मूल्याङ्कन भएन|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/07/778956|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}</ref><br> एक राजा एक देश<br> एक भाषा एक भेष (महेन्द्रिय राष्ट्रवाद) # [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]को स्थापना गर्दा [[गणेशमान सिंह]]बाट आलोचना:"जिमीदार औ दायाँबायाँ बस्ने व्यापारीहरूको फाइदाका निमित्त खोलिएको राष्ट्र बैङ्कले गरिब रैतीहरूलाई कुनै फाइदा छैन"<ref>उधृतांश- देवकोटा, राजनीतिक दर्पण भाग-१, पृष्ठ ३८८</ref><ref>[http://annapurnapost.com/news/78581 कसरी बनाए महेन्द्रले स्वाधीन र सार्वभौम नेपाल ?]</ref> # आफ्नो रानी रत्नको नाममा [[रत्नपार्क]]को निर्माण ===दोस्रो विवाह=== [[चित्र:Mahendra Ratna 1957.jpg|thumb|राजा महेन्द्र एवम् रानी रत्न २०१२ मा]] पहिली पत्नी इन्द्र राज्यको २००६ मा निधनपछि तत्कालीन युवराज महेन्द्र साली रत्नसँग प्रेम सम्बन्धमा रहेका थिए, तर [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]] भने कुनै हालतमा राणापुत्री रत्नसँग छोराको विवाह हुन नदिने योजनामा रहेका थिए। बाबुले खोजेकी केटीसँग विवाह गर्न दिएको दबाब तात्कालिक युवराज महेन्द्रलाई मन परेको थिएन। राजा त्रिभुवन भने राणा परिवार, अझ [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शमशेर]]को खलकसँग सम्बन्ध विस्तार गर्ने पक्षमा थिएनन्। राजा त्रिभुवन जुद्ध शमशेरले आफूलाई गरेको अपमानबाट आक्रोशित थिए भने सो विवाद लामो समय चलेको थियो। विवाहको टुङ्गो नलाग्दै २००८ कात्तिक २६ गते [[राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिमण्डल|राणा–काङ्ग्रेसको गठबन्धन सरकार]] विघटन भई २००८ मङ्सिर १ गते<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=437 २००८ मङ्सिर १ को राजपत्र]</ref> [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला|मातृकाप्रसाद कोइरालाको]] नेतृत्वमा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]को एकल सरकार बनिसकेको थियो। २००९ माघ २५ गते उनले रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मीसँग विवाह गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">[https://pustakalaya.org/media/uploads/op/pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf/BishnuPdShrestha2063BS_NepalKoShahTathaRana.pdf नेपालको शाह तथा राणा वंशावली: विष्णु प्रसाद श्रेष्ठ]</ref> ==सम्मान== ; राष्ट्रिय * [[नेपाल प्रताप भास्कर]] * ओजस्वी राजन्याको मानपदवी * [[नेपाल तारा]] * त्रिशक्ति पट्ट * गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु * [[महेन्द्र माला]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dcnepal.com/2021/10/294046/|title=संस्मरण : तक्मा र तोक्मा, भट्टी पसल्नीदेखि महाराजधिराजसम्म|website=Dcnepal|language=en-US|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref> * राजा त्रिभुवनको गद्दी आरोहण रजत महोत्सव <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medals.org.uk/nepal/nepal042.htm|title=ODM of Nepal: King Tribhuvan Silver Jubilee Medal 1935|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> ; विदेशी * {{flagicon|Iran|1925}} पल्हवी मानपदवी, ''२०१७ असार २०'' * {{flagicon|Iran|1964}} [[इरान]]: [[फारसी साम्राज्य]]को २,५००औँँ वर्षगाँठ, ''२०२८ असोज २८''।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://badraie.com/guests.htm |title=Grand State Banquet |access-date=20 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043732/http://badraie.com/guests.htm |archive-date=5 March 2016 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043732/http://badraie.com/guests.htm |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> * {{flag|जापान}}: जापानी सरकारको विशेष सम्मान, ''२०१७ वैशाख ७ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalwatcherblog.com/2020/12/07/crown-prince-akihito-and-crown-princess-michiko-in-nepal-1960/|title=Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko in Nepal, 1960|last=Saad719|date=2020-12-07|website=The Royal Watcher|language=en-us|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/history/brief.html|title=Embassy of Japan in Nepal|website=www.np.emb-japan.go.jp|access-date=2022-08-01}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805011833/https://www.np.emb-japan.go.jp/history/brief.html |date=2022-08-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA2YFYVWCYEIS1ZEAQLCRUAYMBD-JAPAN-NEPALESE-KING-VISITS-JAPANESE-EMPEROR/query/King+Mahendra|title=Japan: Nepalese King Visits Japanese Emperor|last=Pathé|first=British|website=www.britishpathe.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>'' * {{flag|पोर्चुगल}}: सैन्य मानपदवी , ''२०१७ असार ३०''<ref>[http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1 Presidência da República]</ref> * {{flag|फ्रान्स}}: शाही सम्मान, ''२०१२ फागुन १२<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018050841/http://www.ambafrance-np.org/Bilateral-relations,651|title=Bilateral relations|website=La France au Népal|language=en|access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref>'' * {{झन्डा चिह्न|फिनल्यान्ड}} [[फिनल्यान्ड]]: स्वेत गुलाफ शाही सम्मान, ''२०१४'' * {{flag|बेल्जियम}}: लिओपोल्ड द्वितीय मानपदवी, ''२०२०'' * {{flag|जर्मनी}}: सङ्घीय गणतन्त्र जर्मनीको विशेष योग्य मानपदवी ''२०२०'' * {{flag|Kingdom of Laos}}: शाही सम्मान, ''२०२६'' * {{flag|पाकिस्तान}}: [[निशान-ए–पाकिस्तान|निशाने पाकिस्तान]], ''२०२६'' * {{flag|नेदरल्यान्ड}} नेदरल्यान्ड सरकारद्वारा विशिष्ट सम्माान ''२०२४ वैशाख १२''<ref>[http://members3.boardhost.com/Beneluxroyal/msg/1428764090.html Benelux Royal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928164627/http://members3.boardhost.com/Beneluxroyal/msg/1428764090.html |date=28 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalwatcherblog.com/2019/04/25/nepal-state-visit-to-the-netherlands-1967/|title=Nepal State Visit to The Netherlands, 1967|last=Saad719|date=2019-04-25|website=The Royal Watcher|language=en-us|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref> * {{flag|संयुक्त अधिराज्य}}: शाही भिक्टोरियाली माला, ''२०१७ फागुन १५<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalwatcherblog.com/2019/02/26/british-state-visit-to-nepal-1961/|title=British State Visit to Nepal, 1961|last=Saad719|date=2019-02-26|website=The Royal Watcher|language=en-us|access-date=2022-07-24}}</ref>'' * {{flag|फिलिपिन्स}}: सिकातुना मानपदवी, राजाको पद, ''२०२७''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/|title=The Order of Sikatuna {{!}} GOVPH|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|language=en-US|access-date=2022-07-24}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825092055/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/ |date=2019-08-25 }}</ref> ==स्मृति / स्मारक == [[चित्र:Mahendra salik Durbarmarg.jpg|thumb|महेन्द्र शालिक [[दरबार मार्ग|दरबारमार्ग]]]] राजा महेन्द्रको स्मृतिमा धेरै संरचना, संस्था, सम्मान बनेका छन्। उनका नाममा बनेका स्मारकहरू वि.सं २०६३ मा संसद पुनर्स्थापना भएपछि र वि.सं २०६५ मा राजतन्त्र अन्त्य भएपछि नाम परिवर्तन गर्ने प्रयास भएको देखिन्छ। २०६३ को राजनीतिक परिवर्तन पछि राजाका नाममा बनेका राजमार्गलाई लोकमार्ग नामाकरण गर्ने प्रयास भएको थियो। उनकी रानीको नाममा बनेको [[रत्नपार्क]]लाई पनि शङ्खधर साख्व पार्क नाम परिवर्तन गरिएतापनि सर्वसाधारणको बोलोचालीमा अझै पनि रत्नपार्क प्रचलित छ। # [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]] # [[महेन्द्र माला]] # महेन्द्रशालिक (दरबारमार्ग) # [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|महेन्द्र पुलिस क्लब]] #[[राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण कोष|महेन्द्र प्रकृति संरक्षण कोष]] # [[महेन्द्ररत्न क्याम्पस, इलाम|महेन्द्ररत्न क्याम्पस]] # [[भीमदत्त नगरपालिका|महेन्द्रनगर]] # [[राराताल|महेन्द्र ताल]] /रारा ताल #[[भरतपुर आँखा अस्पताल|श्री ५ महेन्द्र स्मारक आँखा अस्पताल]] ===म मरे पनि मेरो देश=== "म मरे पनि मेरो देश बाँचिरहोस्" राजा महेन्द्रको अभिव्यक्ति थियो। यसै भनाईलाई लिएर गीतहरू रेकर्ड भएका छन् र ती गीतहरू राजा महेन्द्रलाई सम्झ्ना गर्ने माध्यम बनेका छन्। राजा महेन्द्रको निधनपछि देशलाई माया गरेर लेखिएका गीतहरूको एक किसिमले लहरै चलेको थियो। त्यसै क्रममा यो गीत [[रेडियो नेपाल]]मा रेकर्ड गरिएको थियो।सङ्गीतकार सिके रसाइलीका अनुसार यो गीत २०२९ सालतिर रेकर्ड भएको थियो। त्यो बेला यस्ता गीतहरू रेकर्ड गरेर राजा महेन्द्रप्रति श्रद्धा प्रकट गर्ने होडबाजी नै थियो। त्यतिबेला उस्तै शब्द ‘म मरे पनि मेरो देश बाँचिरहोस्’ भन्ने गीतमा चाहिँ शिवशङ्करले सङ्गीत र स्वर दिएर रेकर्ड गराएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ऊ मरे पनि उसलाई देशको माया छ |url=https://www.setopati.com/archive-news/53002/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Setopati |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:Back view of Mahendra Griha at Tikapur Park.JPG|thumb|टिकापुर पार्क महेन्द्र गृहको पछाडी मोहोडाको दृश्य|alt=Back view of Mahendra Griha at Tikapur Park]] २०२४ चैत्र २ मा<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=२०८० वैशाख १ देखि २०८० असार मसान्तसम्म सम्पादित प्रमुख क्रियाकलापहरू स्वतः प्रकाशन|url=https://tikapurmun.gov.np/sites/tikapurmun.gov.np/files/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%20%28%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%20%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%29.pdf |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=www.tikapurmun.gov.np|language=ne}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्र शिकार खेल्न [[महाकाली अञ्चल]]को [[शुक्लाफाँट राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज|शुक्लाफाँटा आरक्ष]] जाँदा राजा महेन्द्रका साथ परराष्ट्रमन्त्री [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट]] पनि थिए। रूखमाथि बनाइएको मचानमा बसेर बाघको पर्खाइमा थिए। प्रधानमन्त्री र राजाका एडीसी पनि साथै थिए। दर्जनौं हात्तीले बाघलाई घेर्दै राजातिर ल्याउँदै थिए। एउटा अजङ्गको भाले बाघ लुसुलुसु हिंड्दै मचानमुनि आइपुग्यो। प्रधानमन्त्री र एडीसी राजाले कति बेला गोली दाग्छन् भनेर प्रतीक्षामा थिए तर गोली चल्नुको साटो राजा आफैं पो मचानमा ढले।<ref>{{Cite web |title=रानीलाई गोली लाग्यो, राजा हौदाबाट पछारिए |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/04/1669748/the-queen-was-shot-the-king-fell-from-the-throne |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> त्यसै बेला जङ्गलको माझमा राजा महेन्द्रलाई आकस्मिक हृदयाघात भएको थियो। राजालाई हृदयघात भएको ठाउँ एउटा मचान र त्यहाँ एउटा चकला मात्र बिछ्याइएको थियो। हृदयाघातपछि महेन्द्रलाई त्यही चकलामा सुताइएको थियो। त्यस घटनाबाट त्यहाँ निक्कै ठूलो हाहाकारको सिर्जना भएको थियो। राजाको शरीरभरि खलखल पसिना आएको थियो । त्यस घटनाले कीर्तिनिधिको जीउ पानी नै पानी भएको थियो । राजाका साथमा रहेका बङ्गाली डाक्टर हल्डरले हत्तपत्त राजाका पाखुरामा इन्जेक्सन लगाइदिएका थिए । त्यस बेला राजा महेन्द्रलाई ठूलो पीडा भएको थियो त्यही पीडामा राजाले निक्कै रन्थनिएका थिए । राजाको शरीरभरि खलखल पसिना आएको थियो । त्यस बेला राजा महेन्द्र कीर्तिनिधिका पाखुरा र नाडीको बीच भागलाई सिरानी लगाएर सुतेका थिए। त्यसै बेला राजा महेन्द्रले उनलाई रूपमा भनेका थिए, “खोइ कीर्तिनिधि, अब के हुने हो; मलाई जे भए पनि मेरो देश बाँच्नुपर्छ । म मरे पनि मेरो देश बाँचिरहोस् ।” त्यसपछि राजा महेन्द्र मूर्छा परेका थिए । राष्ट्रको चिन्तामा हृदयको रोदन पोख्तापोख्दै त्यस बेला राजा महेन्द्र अचेत भएका थिए । रातभर मचानमै बित्यो। भोलिपल्ट बिहान पाँच बजेतिर जमिनमा ल्याइयो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=महेन्द्र महिमा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/276391-1594963392.html |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रको उपचारको लागि जङ्गलमा तत्कालै मुटुविशेषज्ञ डा.मृगेन्द्रराज पाण्डेलाई बोलाइयो र उनी पनि त्यहाँ गएर राजाको उपचारमा संलग्न भए। <ref>{{Cite web |last=sangrahalaya |first=Sahitya- |date=2014-02-28 |title=संस्मरण : राजा महेन्द्रलाई हृदयाघात हुँदा |url=https://sahityasangraha.com/2014/02/28/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=साहित्य सङ्ग्रहालय |language=en-US}}</ref>अनि केही दिनपछि अमेरिकाबाट पनि चिकित्सकहरू आए जसअनुसार अमेरिकी डा. मेटिङ पनि राजा महेन्द्रको स्वास्थ्यउपचारमा केन्द्रित भए । डा. मेटिङ पूर्व [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति]] [[ड्वीट डेभिड आइजेनहावर|ड्वेट डि. आइजनहावर]] (कार्यकाल जनवरी २०, १९५३ – जनवरी २०, १९६१)का विशेष चिकित्सक थिए । आइजनहावरहावरलाई पटक, पटक हृदयाघात भएको थियो । अनि उनका भरोसा नै डा. मेटिङ्ग थिए । राजा महेन्द्रलाई केही आराम भएपछि उनलाई चैत्र २५ <ref name=":2" />मा [[टीकापुर पार्क|टीकापुर वृहत उद्यान]] ल्याइयो । [[कर्णाली नदी|कर्णाली नदि]] को भङ्गालो नजिकै राजा महेन्द्रका लागि काठको एउटा घर बनाइएको थियो । त्यहीँ नै राजाको सम्पूर्ण स्वास्थ्यउपचार गरिएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=editor |date=2020-06-12 |title=मुटुको व्यथाले कक्रक्क भएपछि… |url=https://sahityapost.com/top-news/8520/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=साहित्यपोस्ट}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekantipur.com/nepal/article/?id=3013|title=संस्मरण: राजा महेन्द्रलाई हृदयघात हुँदा|last=ज्ञावली|first=ईश्वरी|work=कान्तिपुर}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230081020/http://www.ekantipur.com/nepal/article/?id=3013 |date=2011-12-30 }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [https://www.nepalilekh.com/Author/Mahendra-Bir-Bikram-Shah/ महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहका रचनाहरू (नेपाली लेख डट कम)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210190347/https://www.nepalilekh.com/Author/Mahendra-Bir-Bikram-Shah/ |date=2025-02-10 }} {{कमन्स२|Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev|महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह देव}} {{बाकस-सुरू}} {{पदक्रम| पहिले=[[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]]| पद=[[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]]| अवधि=सन् १९५५ -- १९७२| पछि=[[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|बीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]]| }} {{बाकस-अन्त्य}} {{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका फिल्ड मार्सलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिल्ड मार्सलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस फिल्ड मार्सलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७२ मा मृत्यु]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] fkjs6ba7f2job3ym2rkif7bl8pu1uii 0 87704 1368385 1355913 2026-08-03T20:17:09Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lake |name = मृत सागर |native_name = Dead sea |image = Dead Sea by David Shankbone.jpg |caption = मृत सागर |image_bathymetry = |caption_bathymetry = |coords = {{Coord|31|30|N|35|30|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} |lake_type =[[Endorheic basin|Endorheic]]<br/>[[Hypersaline lake|Hypersaline]] |inflow = [[जोर्डन नदी]] |outflow = ''None'' |catchment = {{convert|41650|km2|abbr=on}} |basin_countries= [[इजरायल]]<br/>[[जोर्डन]]<br/>[[State of Palestine|Palestine]] |length = {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="JVL"/> (northern basin only) |width = {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="JVL">{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Deadsea.html|title=Virtual Israel Experience: The Dead Sea|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref> |area = {{convert|600|km2|abbr=on}} |depth = {{convert|199|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=ilec/> |max-depth = {{convert|298|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (elevation of deepest point, 728 m BSL [below sea level], minus current surface elevation) |volume = {{convert|114|km3|cumi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=ilec/> |shore = {{convert|135|km|abbr=on}} |elevation = {{convert|-430|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="ISRAMAR">{{cite web|url=http://isramar.ocean.org.il/DeadSea/|title=Monitoring of the Dead Sea|publisher=Israel Marine Data Center (ISRAMAR)}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127041015/http://isramar.ocean.org.il/DeadSea/ |date=2010-11-27 }}</ref> |reference = <ref name=ilec>[http://www.eingedi.co.il/viewpage.asp?pagesCatID=13214&siteName=eingedi Dead Sea Data Summary 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602064708/http://www.eingedi.co.il/viewpage.asp?pagesCatID=13214&siteName=eingedi |date=2021-06-02 }}.''Water Authority of Israel''. [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/EXTREDSEADEADSEA/0,,contentMDK:21827416~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:5174617,00.html The World Bank - 'The Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance Study Program' - 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915013427/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/EXTREDSEADEADSEA/0,,contentMDK:21827416~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:5174617,00.html |date=2013-09-15 }}.</ref><ref name="ISRAMAR"/> |location = [[इजरायल]]<br/>[[जोर्डन]]<br/>[[प्यालेस्टाइन राज्य|प्यालेस्टाइन]] }} [[जोर्डन]] र [[इजरायल]] बीचको अति नुनिलो ताललाई मृत सागर भन्निछ। यो सागरमा अन्य सागरको तुलनामा नुनको मात्रा धेरै रहेको छ। अन्य समुन्द्रको नुनको मात्रा २ देखि ६ प्रतिशतसम्म रहेको हन्छ भने यहाँ नुनको मात्रा २५ ℅ रहेको छ। यस बाहेक यसमा पोटाश, ब्रामिन, [[क्यालसियम क्लोराइड]] र म्याग्नेशियम क्लोराइड लवण तत्व पनि रहेको छ। यसले गर्दा यहाँ कुनै पनि प्राणी धेरै समय सम्म जिवित रहन सक्दैन्न। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== * [[अरल सागर]] * [[कश्यप सागर]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:पवित्र तालहरू]] ig9mpuim70x1z6lmmcjq3n63cetnsfo 0 98802 1368382 1362034 2026-08-03T18:37:26Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख}} {{Infobox website | name = भिके | logo = [[File:VK Compact Logo (2021-present).svg|150px]] | collapsible = छ | screenshot = चित्र:VK home page screenshot.png | collapsetext = पर्दा चित्रण | url = {{URL|https://vk.com}} | type = [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल]] | registration = आवश्यक | language = नेपाली सहित ९० भन्दा बढी भाषाहरू | num_users = ५००,०००,०००+ अगस्ट २०१८ का अनुसार<ref>{{cite web | title = Каталог пользователей ВКонтакте | url = https://vk.com/catalog.php | publisher = भिके डटकम | accessdate = २८ डिसेम्बर २०१२ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425063720/https://vk.com/catalog.php |date=2018-04-25 }}</ref> | owner = भिकन्तेक्तलिमिटेड | creator = पाभेल दुरोभ | launch_date = {{start date and age|2006|10|10}} | revenue = {{currency|42751|RUB}} मिलियन (२०१६)<ref>{{cite web|title=मेल डटरू समूहको बित्तीय विवरण २०१६|url=https://corp.imgsmail.ru/media/files/mail.rugrouparfy2016.pdf|website=मेल डटरू|accessdate=२६ अगस्ट २०१७}}</ref> | alexa = १७ {{decrease}} नोभेम्बर २०१८<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/vk.com |title= भिक डटकमको ट्राफिक तथ्याङ्क |publisher= [[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट]] |accessdate= अक्टोबर २८, २०१८ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728162811/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/vk.com |date=2013-07-28 }}</ref> | current_status = चालु | parent = मेल डटरू समूह }} '''भिके''' ({{भाषा-रूसी|ВКонтакте}}, {{भाषा-नेपाली|सम्पर्कमा रहने}}) एक रूसी अनलाइन सामाजिक सञ्चार माध्यम र [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल]] सेवा हो। यो ९० भन्दा बढी भाषाहरूमा उपलब्ध भएतापनि यो [[रुसी भाषा|रूसी भाषा]] बोल्ने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूबीच बढी लोकप्रिय रहेको छ। यसमा तस्वीर, श्रव्य र [[भिडियो साझेदारी सेवा|श्रव्य दृश्य साझेदारी]] गर्ने सुविधा रहेको छ र ब्राउजरमा आधारित खेल्ने खेलहरू र यसले निजी र सार्वजनिक रूपमा सन्देश पठाउन अनुमति दिन्छ। यसको मुख्य सर्भर [[सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग]], रूसमा रहेको छ। अगस्ट २०१८ सम्ममा, भिकेमा कम्तीमा ५०० मिलियन खाताहरू दर्ता भएका छन्।<ref name="usercount">{{cite web|url=http://vk.com/catalog.php|title=भिकेका प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको सुची|publisher=वाइके डटकम|accessdate=८ मार्च २०१८}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301164053/https://vk.com/catalog.php |date=2020-03-01 }}</ref>[[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट|अलेक्सा]]को विश्वव्यापी शीर्ष ५०० साइटहरूमा यो १९औँ स्थानमा रहेको छ (डिसेम्बर २०१९ अनुसार)।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/vk.com |title= भिके डटकम वेबसाइट ट्राफिक तथ्याङ्क |publisher= [[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट]] |accessdate= २८ अक्टोबर २०१८ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728162811/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/vk.com |date=2013-07-28 }}</ref> यो रूसमा सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय वेबसाइटहरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/RU|title=रूसको उत्कृष्ट समाजिक सञ्जाल|website=अलेक्सा डटकम|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|access-date=२०१८-०८-१३}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403051929/https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/RU |date=2009-04-03 }}</ref> [[सिमिलर वेब]]का अनुसार भिके संसारकै ९औँ सबैभन्दा धेरै ब्राउज गरिने वेबसाइट हो।<ref>{{cite web|title=वेबसाइटको वरियता|url=https://www.similarweb.com/website/vk.com|publisher=[[सिमिलर वेब]]|accessdate=८ मार्च २०१८}}</ref> मार्च २०१८ सम्ममा, भिके रूस बाहेक [[बेलारुस]] र [[कजाख्स्तान]]मा पनि सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय समाजिक सञ्जाल वेबसाइटको रूपमा रहेको छ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bitcoin.com/popular-social-networks-in-russia-to-accept-bitcoin/|title=रूसको सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय सामाजिक सञ्जाल - बिटकोइन न्युज|date=२०१८-०३-०७|work=बिटकोइन न्युज|access-date=२०१८-०७-३०|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> यस वेबसाइटको मालिक मेल डटरूले रूसको अर्को लोकप्रिय सामाजिक सञ्जाल [[ओद्नोकलासनिकी]] वा सामन्यतया 'ओको' पनि अधिग्रहित गरेका छन्। ==इतिहास== [[File:VKontakte Number of Registered users 120224.png|thumb|सन् २००६ देखि २०१२ सम्मका भिकेमा दर्ता भएको प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको सङ्ख्या]] [[File:Pavel Durov 26years.jpg|thumb|upright|[[पाभेल दुरोभ]], भिकका संस्थापक, आफ्नो २६ औँ जन्मदिनको अवसरमा, १० अक्टोबर २०१०]] ===२००६–२००८: सुरुवात र तीव्र वृद्धि=== भिकन्तेक्त१९ जनवरी २००७ मा एक रूसी सीमित दायित्व कम्पनीको रूपमा सुरुवात गरिएको थियो। संस्थापक पाभेल दुरोभले सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्ग राज्य विश्वविद्यालयबाट स्नातकको शिक्षा प्राप्त गरिसकेपछि सेप्टेम्बर २००६ मा बिटा परीक्षणको लागि भिकन्टेक्टको सुरुवात गरेका थिए। सोही महिना, डोमेन नाम (भिकन्तेक्त डटरू) दर्ता भएको थियो। प्रयोगकर्ता दर्ता सुरुमा निमन्त्रणाद्वारा विशेष रूपमा विश्वविद्यालय क्षेत्र भित्रै सीमित रहेको थियो, तर यो साइट बढ्ने क्रममा रहेको थियो। फेब्रुअरी २००७ मा साइटमा १००,०० भन्दा बढी प्रयोगकर्ता दर्ता भएका थिए। यसले रूसको सामाजिक सञ्जाल क्षेत्रमा दोस्रो ठूलो कम्पनीको रूपमा मान्यता प्राप्त गरेको थियो। त्यसै महिनामा, साइटमा आएको त्रुटीका कारण यसले छोटो समयको लागि वेबसाइट बन्द गराएको थियो। जुलाई २००७ मा दर्ता भएका प्रयोगकर्ताको सङ्ख्याले १० लाख नाघ्यो र अप्रिल २००८ मा त्यो सङ्ख्या बढेर १ करोड पुगेको थियो। डिसेम्बर २००८ मा भिके रूसको सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवाको रूपमा प्रतिद्वन्द्वी [[ओद्नोकलासनिकी]]लाई पछाडी धकेलेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/fi/blog_posts/vkontakte-remains-more-popular-than-facebook-in-russia-26403|title=रूसमा भिके फेसबुक भन्दा पनि बढि लोकप्रिय रूपमा रहेको छ|work=माइ न्युज डेक्स|access-date=२०१८-०८-०७|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> ===२००९–२०१२: सार्वजनिकमा पहुँच=== संस्थापक र [[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत]] पाभेल दुरोभको यसमा २०% को साझेदारी रहेको थियो (यद्यपि उनलाई प्रोक्सी मत मार्फत बहुमतको मतदान गर्ने क्षमता रहेको थियो), र तीन जना रूसी-इजरायली लगानीकर्ताहरूको समूह, भ्याचेस्लाभ मिरिलासभिलि र लेभ लेभिभको<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000837139&fid=1725 |title=लेभ लेभिभले रूसी सामाजिक सञ्जाल भिकेको आफ्नो भाग बेचेका छन् |publisher=गोल्ब्स |date=२०१३-०४-१८ |accessdate=२०१३-०८-२४ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706172334/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000837139&fid=1725 |date=2013-07-06 }}</ref> भने क्रमश ६०%, १० %, र १०% साझेदारी रहेको थियोे ।<ref name="owners">{{cite web | title=Кто в контакте | url= http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/142644/ | publisher = भेड्मोस्टि | date = २००८-०२-२९ | accessdate = २०११-०४-१६ |language = रूसी }}</ref> मूल संस्थापकहरूले त्यसपछि मेल डटरू समूह (पूर्व डिजिटल स्काई टेक्नोलजिज) लाई ३९.९९% भाग बेचेका थिए ।<ref name="dstownsvk">{{cite web | title = विकल्पको अभ्यास | url = http://corp.mail.ru/en/IR/news/1125 | publisher = मेल डटरू समूह | date = २०११-०७-१४ | accessdate = २०११-०७-२९ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111006195703/http://corp.mail.ru/en/IR/news/1125 | archivedate = २०११-१०-०६ | df = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= भिकन्तेक्तडटरूका शेयरधनी संरचना अनावरण | url= http://www.ewdn.com/2011/08/06/vkontakte-ru-shareholder-structure-unveiled | publisher= इस्ट-वेस्ट डिजिटल न्युज | date= २०११-०८-०६ | accessdate= २०१२-११-१४ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927181126/http://www.ewdn.com/2011/08/06/vkontakte-ru-shareholder-structure-unveiled |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> २९ मे २०१२ मा, मेल डटरू समूहले कम्पनीले डुरोभलाई आफ्नो शेयरहरूमा मतदानको अधिकार प्रदान गरेर कम्पनीको नियन्त्रण उपज गर्ने निर्णय गरेको थियो जसमा डुरोभको व्यक्तिगत १२% सँग, संयुक्त रूपमा यसले उनलाई ५२% मत दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=शेयरधनी मल डटरू समूहले संस्थापकको उपज नियन्त्रण गरेको छ|url=http://www.ewdn.com/2012/05/30/vkontaktes-ipo-postponed-indefinitely-shareholder-mail-ru-group-yields-control-to-founder/|accessdate=2012-05-30|publisher=इडब्ल्युडिएन डटकम}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602044104/http://www.ewdn.com/2012/05/30/vkontaktes-ipo-postponed-indefinitely-shareholder-mail-ru-group-yields-control-to-founder/ |date=2012-06-02 }}</ref><ref name="ipovotes">{{cite news|title=रूसको भिकेले सार्वजनिक प्रस्ताव सारेको छ |date=२९ मे २०१२|first=जोन|last=बौकर|publisher=रेउटर्स|location=मस्को |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/29/net-us-russia-internet-idUSBRE84S0LE20120529|accessdate=३१ मे २०१२}}</ref> ===२०१३–हाल: साझेदारीमा परिवर्तन, सार्वजनिक प्रस्ताव रद्द र मेल डटरू समूहको स्वामित्व=== अप्रिल २०१३ मा मिरिलासभिलीको परिवारले भिकेमा संयुक्त क्यापिटल पार्टनर्समा १.१२ बिलियन अमेरिकि डलरमा ४०% सेयर<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/.premium-1.527800 |title=इजरायलका धनी मानिस मिरिलासभिलिको बिक्री |publisher=हेर्ज डटकम |accessdate=२३ फेब्रुअरी २०१५}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=410768 | title = भिकेको ४८% खरिद | newspaper = इन्टरफ्याक्स }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623231937/http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=410768 |date=2019-06-23 }}</ref> र लेभ लेभिभले १.१२ बिलियन डलरमै ८% भाग बेचेको बचेका थिए जसले संयुक्त क्यापिटल पार्टनर्सले ४८% स्वामित्व प्राप्त गरेको थियो। जनवरी २०१४ मा, भिकेका संस्थापक पाभेल दुरोभले कम्पनीमा १२% भाग [[मेगाफोन|मेगा फ‍ोन]]का कार्यकारी अधिकृत इभान टाभरिनलाई बेचेका थिए जो एलिसर उसमानभको नियन्त्रणमा रहेको थियो। सम्झौता पछि, उसमानभ र तिनका सहयोगीहरूले कम्पनीको ५२% भन्दा बढीको नियन्त्रण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=उसमानभको कम्पनीमा नियन्त्रण|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/business/technology/a/21024349/usmanov-tightens-hold-on-russian-social-net-vkontakte-as-founder-sells-stake/|publisher=द वेस्ट अष्ट्रेलियन (रेउटर्स)|accessdate=१८ फेब्रुअरी २०१४|author=मारिया}}</ref> केही समयपछि मेगा फोनकोका कार्यकारी अधिकृतले मेल डटरूलाई आफ्नो १२% भाग बेचेका थिए जसले गर्दा मेल डटरूको ५२% को नियन्त्रण रहेको भिकेलाई सहज बनाउन अनुमति दिएको थियोे।<ref>{{cite web|title=मेल डटरूले भिकेको नियन्त्रण मजबुत बनाएको छ|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304747404579446634205590924|publisher=द बाल स्ट्रिट नरनल|accessdate=१८ मार्च २०१४|author=ओल्गा}}</ref> १ अप्रिल २०१४ मा, डुरोभले आफ्नो पद त्याग गर्न दर्ता गराएका थिए। त्यही दर्ता गराएका कारण उनको राजिनामा कम्पनी निश्चित गरेको थियो र यो घटना त्यहि वर्षको फेब्रुअरीबाट सुरु भएको यूक्रेनी सङ्कटसँग सम्बन्धि रहेको विश्वास गरिएको थियो।<ref name="April1">[http://phys.org/news/2014-04-russian-facebook-founder-resigns-april.html 'रुसको फेसबुकको रूपमा चिनिने भिकेका संस्थापकले भिकेबाट राजिनामा दिएका छन्' (अद्यावधिक)"] अभिगमन मिति फेब्रुअरी २९, २०१६<br/>[https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/01/founder-pavel-durov-says-hes-stepped-down-as-head-of-russias-top-social-network-vk-com/ भिकेका संस्थापक पाभेल दुरोभले पदबाट राजिनामा दिएका छन्] अभिगमन मिति फेब्रुअरी २९, २०१६</ref> तथापि, डुरोभ आफैले ३ अप्रिल २०१४ मा एक अप्रिल फुल मा (अप्रिल महिनाको पहिलो दिनमा ठट्टा गरिने प्रचलन) गरिएको ठट्टा रहेको कुरा दावी गरेका थिए। २१ अप्रिल २०१४ मा, डुरोभलाई कार्यकारी अधिकृतको रूपमा निकालिएको थियो।<ref name="April2">[http://archive.rusbase.com/news/author/benhopkins/thanks-for-all-the-fish/ पाभेल दुरोभले भिके छोडेका छन्] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306035411/http://archive.rusbase.com/news/author/benhopkins/thanks-for-all-the-fish/ |date=2016-03-06 }} रसबेस, अभिगमन मिति फेब्रुअरी २९,२०१६ <br/>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/497468.html भिकेका संस्थापक पाभेल दुरोभले उनको कार्यकारी अधिकृतको रूपमा राजिनामा दिएको ठट्टा भएको बताएका छन्] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100611/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/497468.html |date=2016-03-04 }} द मस्को टाइम्स ४ अप्रिल, २०१४ अभिगमन मिति फेब्रुअरी २९, २०१६</ref> एक महिना पहिले उनको राजिनामा फिर्ता लिने पत्र निकाल्न असमर्थ रहेको दावी गरेका थिए ।<ref name=DurovMT22414>{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/vkontakte-founder-pavel-durov-learns-hes-been-fired-through-media/498641.html |title=भिक्का संस्थापक सामाजिक सञ्जालबाट टाढा गएका छन् |publisher=द मस्को टाइम्स |date=२०१४-०४-२२ |accessdate=२०१५-०२-२३ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425075542/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/vkontakte-founder-pavel-durov-learns-hes-been-fired-through-media/498641.html |date=2014-04-25 }}</ref> त्यसपछि डुरोभले कम्पनीलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा [[भ्लादिमिर पुटिन]]को राजनीतिक हलचलले प्रभाव परेको उनले बताएका थिए । त्यस समय देशमा इन्टरनेट व्यवसाय योग्य नभएको भन्दै उनले रुस छोडे र नफर्किने योजना बताएका थिए।<ref>[https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/22/durov-out-for-good-from-vk-com-plans-a-mobile-social-network-outside-russia/ "डुरोभ, भिकेबाट निस्किएका छन् र रु बाहिर सामाजिक सञ्जालको योजना बनाएका छन्], टेक क्रन्च, अभिगमन मिति २२ अप्रिल २०१४</ref> १६ सेप्टेम्बर २०१४ मा, मेल डटरू समूहले युनाइटेड क्यापिटल पार्टनर्सबाट १.५ बिलियन अमेरिकी डलरमा कम्पनी ४८% भाग खरिद गरेको थियो <ref name="ft.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f0e851d6-3db7-11e4-b175-00144feabdc0.html/|title=पढ्नको लागि पछ्याउनुहोस् |work=एफटि डटकम|accessdate=१ फेब्रुअरी २०१७}}</ref><ref name="ft.com"/>जसले गर्दा यो सामाजिक सञ्जालको एकमात्र प्रदायक बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/16/russia-mailru-group-vkontakte-idUSL6N0RH28K20140916|title= रुसको मल डटरूले १.५ बिलियन अमेरिकि डलरमा भिकेलाई किनेको छ |work=रेउटर्स|accessdate=२० जनवरी २०१५ }}</ref> मे २०१७ मा, यूक्रेनी राष्ट्रपति पेट्रो पोसोशेनकोले मेल डटरू सहित व्यापक रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको सामाजिक सञ्जाल भिकन्तेक्तर ओड्नोसनिकिलाई प्रतिबन्ध गर्ने एक निर्णयमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।<ref name=UbRwM17>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39934666 युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपतिले रूसी सामाजिक सञ्जाल प्रतिबन्ध गरेका छन्], बिबिसी न्युज (१६ मे २०१७)</ref><ref name=Poroshenko170515>{{cite web | last = | first = | author-link = पेट्रो पोरेसेनको | title = УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №133/2017: Про рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 28 квітня 2017 року "Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)" | url = https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1332017-21850 | language = युक्रेनी भाषा | trans-title = प्रतिबन्ध | publisher = युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपति | date = मे १५, २०१७ | access-date = मार्च २३, २०१८}}</ref><ref name=UkraineSanctionsEntityList>{{cite web | title = Додаток 2 до рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від «28» квітня 2017 року «Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)» ЮРИДИЧНІ ОСОБИ, до яких застосовуються обмежувальні заходи (санкції) | url = https://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/00/40/38/6f76b8df9d0716da74bb4ae6a900d483_1494964345.pdf | language = युक्रेनी | trans-title = अप्रिल २८, २०१७ | publisher = युक्रेनका राष्ट्रपति | page = १८५-६ (#४२२ मेल डटरू समूह), १८६-७ ( «Вконтакте» (भिकन्टेक्ट)), १८७-८ ( «В Контакті» (कन्टेक्ट)) र १८९ (मेल डटरू युक्रेन) इन्टरनेट सेवा प्रदायक (मेल डटरू) र समाजिक सञ्जाल, भिके र ओके | date = अप्रिल २८, २०१७ | access-date = मार्च १३, २०१८}}</ref> भिकेले, युक्रेनको राजधानी किभमा रहेको मुख्यालयलाई जुन २०१७ मा बन्द गरेको थियो ।<ref>[https://www.unian.info/society/1981121-russias-vkontakte-closes-office-in-kyiv.html रूसको भिकेले युक्रेनमा रहेको कार्यलय बन्द गरेको थियोे] (१७ जुन २०१७)</ref> ==वेबसाइट== [[File:Vkontakte.png|thumb|२०१५ अघिको भिकेको लोगो]] यसको मुख्य कार्यक्षमता निजी सन्देश, तस्वीर, लेख अद्यावधिक र मित्रहरूसँग सम्पर्कमा आधारित रहेको छ। भिकेसँग अनलाइन समुदायहरू र चर्चित व्यक्तिहरूको पृष्ठहरू प्रबन्ध गर्ने उपकरण पनि रहेको छ।साइटले यसको प्रयोगकर्ताहरूलाई श्रव्य दृश्यका सामग्री उर्ध्वभरण गर्न, खोज्न र श्रव्य दृश्य र सङ्गीत अनलाइन मार्फत बजाउन अनुमति दिन्छ। भिके एक उन्नत खोज संयन्त्र पनि हो, जसले साथीहरू खोज्न लागि जटिल प्रश्नहरू साथै साथै वास्तविक समय समाचार खोज गर्ने अनुमति दिन्छ। भिकेमा यस्तो सुबिधा युक्त विशेषता अप्रिल २०१६ मा निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mbgadget.com/2016/08/vkcom-new-interface.html|title=भिके डटकमको नविनतम सुबिधा र सेवाहरू|access-date=२०१६-०८-२२}}</ref> === विशेषता === १) '''सन्देश''' भिकेमा निजी सन्देशहरू २ देखि ५०० व्यक्तिहरूको समूह बीचमा आदनप्रदान गर्न सकिन्छ। एउटा विडाँक ठेगाना प्राप्तकर्ताको रूपमा पनि निर्दिष्ट गर्न सकिन्छ । प्रत्येक सन्देशहरूमा १० वटा सम्म सामग्रीहरू समावेश हुन सक्दछन् जसमा तस्वीर, श्रव्य दृश्य, श्रव्य, नक्सा र कागजातहरू पर्दछन्।<ref>विभिन्न ढाँचामा फाइलहरू आदन प्रदान गर्न मिल्ने : जसमा: कागजात, डिओसिएक्स, एक्सएलएस, पिपिटि , पिपिटिएक्स, आरटिएफ, पिडिएफ, पिएनजि, जेपिजि, जिआइएफ, पिएसडि, सङ्गीत(एमपि३), डिजेभियु, एफबि२ आदि पर्दछन् । २०० एमबि भन्दा बढि आकार भएका फाइलहरू पढाउन नमिल्ने। भिडियो च्याट पनि उपलब्ध (प्रयोगकर्ता जसले आगमन कल अनुमति दिन्छन् ) सन् २०१२ देखि</ref> २) '''समाचार''' भिकेमा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले उनीहरूको प्रोफाईलमा लागेका लेखहरू हाल्न सक्छन्, हरेकमा १० वटा सम्म सामग्रीहरू समावेश हुन सक्दछन् जसमा मिडिया फाइल, नक्सा र कागजातहरू समावेश हुन सक्दछन् (ढाँचाको लागि माथि हेर्नुहोस्) । यसले प्रयोगकर्ताको उल्लेख र ह्यासट्याग (#) पनि समर्थन गर्दछ । धेरै तस्बिर पठाउनु परेमा, पूर्वावलोकन स्वचालित रूपमा नापिन्छ र एक पत्रिका-शैलीमा व्यवस्थित गरिन्छ। सबै समाचारहरू (पूर्वनिर्धारित) रूपमा एकैसाथ देखा पर्दछन् तर प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले सबैभन्दा रोचक समाचारहरूको सङ्गालोमा परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छन्। ३) '''समुदायहरू''' भिकेमा तीन प्रकारका समुदायहरू रहेका छन्। समूहहरू विकेन्द्रीकृत समुदायहरूको लागि उपयुक्त रहेको छ जसमा छलफल-बोर्ड, विकि-शैली युक्त लेखहरू र सबै सदस्यहरूद्वारा सम्पादन गर्न सकिने सामग्री, आदि पर्दछन्। समाचारमा रहेका सार्वजनिक पृष्ठहरू चर्चित व्यक्तित्व र व्यवसायहरूका लागि एक अभिमुख प्रसारण उपकरण हो. तेस्रो प्रकारको सामुदायिक कार्यक्रमहरूलाई घटनाहरू भनिन्छ, जुन सङ्गठन र कार्यक्रमहरू व्यवस्थित गर्न उपयुक्त तरिकामा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vk.com/pages?oid=-59800369&p=%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0|title=सामुदायिक पृष्ठहरूको प्रकार|last=|first=|date=|website=भिके डटकम|access-date=२०१९-०२-२०}}</ref> [[File:Мне нравится.jpg|thumb|right|भिकेमा रहेको लाइक (मन परेको) चिन्ह (रुसी तरिकाको)]] ४) '''मनपराउँदा प्रयोग हुन् कुञ्जी''' भिकेले मनपराउँदा प्रयोग हुन् कुञ्जी: लेख, टिप्पणी, मिडिया र अन्य सामग्रीहरूमा [[फेसबुक]] भन्दा फरक तरिकाबाट सञ्चालन गदर्छ। मनपरेका सामग्रीहरू स्वचालित रूपमा प्रयोगकर्ताको फोफाइलमा घेरिएका हुदैनन्, तर यसको सट्टा निजी मनपर्ने खण्डमा गई बचत हुने गर्दछन्। प्रयोगकर्ताले उनीहरूको प्रोफाइलमा सामग्रीहरू साझेदारी गर्न वा अरु साथीहरूलाई पठाउनको लागि 'साथीसँग साझेदारी गर्नुहोस्' नामक कुञ्जी थिच्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। ५) '''गोपनियता''' प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले सञ्जाल र इन्टरनेटमा उनीहरूको सामग्रीको उपलब्धता नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्छन्। खाली र अनुदान गोपनीयता सेटिङहरू, पृष्ठ र व्यक्तिगत सामग्रीको लागि उपलब्ध रहेका हुन्छन्। ६) '''अरू सामाजिक सञ्जालहरूसँगको सहकार्य''' भिकेमा प्रकाशित कुनै पनि समाचार [[फेसबुक]] वा [[ट्विटर]]मा देखा पर्छन्। निश्चित समाचारहरू "पठाउनुहोस्" बटनको छेउमा रहेको सम्बन्धित लोगोमा क्लिक गरी प्रकाशित नहुन सक्छन्। भिकेमा सम्पादन गर्नाले फेसबुक वा ट्विटरमा सामग्री परिवर्तन हुदैनन् त्यसस्तै जस्तो टुविटर वा फेसबुकमा सामग्रीहरू परिवर्तन गर्नाले भिकेमा सामग्रीहरू परिवर्तन हुदैनन्। यद्यपि, भिकेमा कुनै सामग्रीहरू हटाउनाले अन्य सामाजिक सञ्जालबाट पनि सामग्रीहरू हट्नेछन्। ७) '''संक्षिप्त सन्देश सेवा''' रूसी प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले निजी सन्देशहरू प्राप्त गर्न र जवाफ दिन सक्छन् वा सामुदायिक समाचारहरूको लागि संक्षिप्त सन्देश सेवाको प्रयोग गर्न टिप्पणी छोड्न सक्छन्। ८) '''सङ्गीत''' प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले अन्य प्रयोगकर्ताहरू द्वारा उर्ध्वभरण गरिएका श्रव्य फाईलहरूमा पहुँच योग्य हुन्छन्। यसको अतिरिक्त, प्रयोगकर्ताहरू आफैले फाईलहरू उर्ध्वभरण गर्न सक्छन्। प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले प्रवाहसूची सृजना गर्न र सन्देश र श्रव्य एकैसाथ अरूसँग साझा गर्न सक्छन्। उर्ध्वभरण गरिएका अडियो फाइलहरूले प्रतिलिपि अधिकार कानुनको उल्लङ्घन गर्न हुदैन।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vk.com/blog/vkmusic|title=भिकन्तेक्तम्युजिक २.०|last=|first=|date=|website=भिके डटकम|access-date=२०१८-०२-२०}}</ref> * '''श्रव्य दृश्य''' भिकेमा श्रव्य दृश्य हेर्न र आाफैले उर्ध्वभरण गर्ने मिल्ने सुबिधा पनि रहेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vk.com/blog/vkvideo|title=भिकन्तेक्तभिडियो|last=|first=|date=|website=भिके डटकम|access-date=२०१८-०२-२०}}</ref> ===लोकप्रियता=== [[File:Most popular social networking sites by country.svg|thumb|400px|{{legend-table|lang=अङ्ग्रेजी|title= ८ नोभेम्बर २०१५ का अनुसार सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय सामाजिक सञ्जाल |#3b5998|[[फेसबुक]] |#5ea9dd|[[ट्विटर]] |#965220|भिकन्टेक्ट |#de2910|[[क्युजोन]] |#f2720c|[[ओड्नोकलासनिकि]] |#229340|फेसनामा |#e0e0e0|तथ्याङ्क उपलब्ध छैन }}]] मे २०१७ मा, [[अलेक्सा इन्टरनेट]]को अनुसार भिके युरोप र एसियाको सिमानामा पर्ने देशहरूमा सबैभन्दा धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट मध्ये एक हो। क) सबैभन्दा धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट [[रुस]];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/RU | title=अलेक्सा - रुसको शिर्ष वेबसाइट | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514222941/http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/RU |date=2016-05-14 }}</ref> ख) दोस्रो सबैभन्दा धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट [[बेलारुस]];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/BY | title=अलेक्सा - बेलारुसको शिर्ष वेबसाइट | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501153757/https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/BY |date=2022-05-01 }}</ref> ग) तेस्रो सबैभन्दा धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट [[कजाख्स्तान]];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/KZ | title=अलेक्सा - किर्गिजस्तानको शिर्ष वेबसाइट | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430193455/http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/KZ |date=2022-04-30 }}</ref> घ) चौथो सबैभन्दा धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट [[एस्टोनिया|इस्टोनिया]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/EE | title=अलेक्सा - इस्टोनियाको शिर्ष वेबसाइट | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902102932/http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/EE |date=2011-09-02 }}</ref> [[किर्गिस्तान|किर्गिजस्तान]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/KG | title=अलेक्सा - किर्गिजस्तान शिर्ष वेबसाइट | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523053908/http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/KG |date=2017-05-23 }}</ref> र [[मोल्दोभा|मोल्डोभा]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/MD | title=अलेक्सा - मोल्डोभा शिर्ष वेबसाइट | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408185957/http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/md |date=2011-04-08 }}</ref> ङ) ५ औँ सबैभन्दा भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट [[लात्भिया]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/LV | title=अलेक्सा - लात्भियाका शिर्ष वेबसाइटहरू | publisher=अलेक्सा डटकम | accessdate=२०१७-०५-३१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113065637/http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/LV |date=2014-11-13 }}</ref> मे २०१७ सम्म यूक्रेनी सरकारले यूक्रेनमा भिकेको प्रयोगलाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन अघि यो यूक्रेनमा चौथो सबैभन्दा धेरै हेरिएको वेबसाइट थियो ।<ref name=UbRwM17/> मे २०१८ को फ्याक्टम समूहद्वारा आयोजित एक अध्ययनका अनुसार, यूक्रेन भिके चौथी सबैभन्दा धेरै हरिएको वेबसाइट रहेको थियो तर फेसबुक भने भिके भन्दा दुई गुणा धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट रहेको थियो ।<ref>[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/511662.html प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको सामाजिक सञ्जाल भिके युक्रेनमा चौथो सबैभन्दा धेरै हेरिएको वेबसाइट हो], इन्टर फ्याक्स युक्रेन, अभिगमन मिति १३ जुन २०१८</ref> ===भाषाहरू=== म् २०१८ मा यो साइटमा ८६ वटा भाषाहरूमा उपलब्ध रहेको छ, जबकि विज्ञापनहरू मात्र रूसी र युक्रेनी संस्करणहरूमा देखाइएको छ। रूसी बोल्ने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले मानक रूसी संस्करण र दुई अतिरिक्त: सोभियत संस्करण र पूर्व-क्रान्तित्मक संस्करण बिच चयन गर्न सकिन्छ। सोभियत संस्करणमा सबै निजी सन्देशहरूमा एउटै छापहरू रहेको छ 'सर्भर सेन्सरसिप पार'। पूर्व क्रान्तिकारी संस्करणले पुरानो पारम्परिक हिज्जे प्रणालीको प्रयोग गर्दछ । दबै अतिरिक्त संस्करणहरू पनि विज्ञापन-मुक्त रहेका छन्। ===ब्याण्ड र सङ्गीतकारहरूको प्रचारमा प्रयोग=== प्रायः प्रर्दशनका लागि भिके प्रयोग गर्ने सङ्गीतकारहरूले आफ्नो आधिकारिक भिके पृष्ठहरूमा आफ्नै सङ्गितहरू उर्ध्वभरण गर्ने गर्दछन्। उल्लेखनीय उदाहरणका लागि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय चर्चित सङ्गितकारहरू समावेश छन् जसमा: टिस्टो,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिकेमा डिजे टिस्टोको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/tiesto|accessdate=१८ डिसेम्बर २०१२}}</ref> [[सकिरा]],<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा सकिराको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/shakira|accessdate=२८ डिसेम्बर २०१२}}</ref> पल भ्यान डायक,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा पल भ्यान डायकको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/paulvandyk|accessdate=२८ डिसेम्बर २०१२}}</ref> द प्रोडिजि,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा प्रोडिजिको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/theprodigy|accessdate=२८ डिसेम्बर २०१२}}</ref> ड्यान बालन,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा ड्यान बालनको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/danbalan|accessdate=२८ डिसेम्बर २०१२}}</ref> लिम्प बिज्किट,<ref>{{Cite web|title = वाल|url = https://vk.com/wall-22822305_126428|website = भिके डटकम|accessdate = २०१५-१०-०६}}</ref> इरोज रामजोत्ति,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा इरोज रामजोत्तिको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/eros.ramazzotti.official|accessdate=१० अक्टोबर २०१५ }}</ref> मारिलेन मन्सोन,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा मारिलेन मन्सोनको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/id254319901|accessdate=१० अक्टोबर २०१५}}</ref> मोबि,<ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा मोबिको आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/public44064378|accessdate=१० अक्टोबर २०१५}}</ref> द अफस्प्रिङ <ref>{{cite web|title=भिके डटकममा द अफस्प्रिङ आाधिकारिक पृष्ठ|url=http://vk.com/offspring|accessdate=१० अक्टोबर २०१५}}</ref> आदि पर्दछन्। ==समस्या र आलोचनाहरू== [[File:Singer House in Saint Petersburg at Night.jpg|thumb|300px|[[सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग]]मा रहेको भिकेको प्रधान कार्यलय]] ===प्रतिलिपि अधिकार समस्याहरू=== ====मुद्दा==== सन् २००८ मा, प्रमुख रूसी टेलिभिजन च्यानल टिभी रूस (पहिलाको नाम आरटिआर १९९१–२००२ सम्म) र (त्यसपछि रूस १) र टेलिभिजन कम्पनी सबै-रूस राज्य टेलिभिजन र रेडियो प्रसारण कम्पनीले भिकन्तेक्तबिरुद्ध भिकेका एक प्रयोगकर्ताले उर्ध्वभरण गरेका दुई चलचित्रहरूको अनियमित प्रतिलिपिहरूलाई अनाधिकृत प्रयोग गरेकोमा सन् २०१० मा यो विवाद सामाजिक सञ्जालको पक्षमा रूसी सर्वोच्च मध्यस्थता न्यायालयमा बसेको थियो। अदालतले भिके प्रयोगकर्ताहरूका प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घनको लागि जिम्मेवार नरहेको, र त्यसको आधारमा दुवै पक्षहरूले अवैध सामग्री हाल्न प्रयोगकर्ताको पहिचान गर्ने प्राबिधिक सम्भावनाको साथ सहमत भएमा, परिणामस्वरूप, दायित्वको खतरा मोल्न पक्का हुनु पर्ने निर्णय सार्वजनिक गरेको थियोे ।<ref>{{cite news|title=प्रयोगकर्ताको प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घनका लागि रूसी अदालतले सामाजिक सञ्जाललाई सम्बोधन गरेको छ|url=http://www.ewdn.com/2011/03/16/russian-court-rules-social-network-not-responsible-for-user-copyright-violations/|accessdate=१७ सेप्टेम्बर २०१२|newspaper=इडब्लूडिएन डटकम|date=१६ मार्च २०११}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022144954/http://www.ewdn.com/2011/03/16/russian-court-rules-social-network-not-responsible-for-user-copyright-violations/ |date=2012-10-22 }}</ref> सन् २०१२ मा सोहि अदालतले प्रतिलिपि अधिकार सामग्रीको सन्दर्भमा सक्रियता नदेखिएको भन्दै ७००० अमेरिकी डलर तिर्नको लागि भिकेलाई आदेश दिएको थियो ।<ref>{{cite news|title=अदालतको अनुसार भिके प्रतिलिपी अधिकारको मामलामा निकै "निस्क्रिय" रहेको छ|url=http://www.ewdn.com/2012/02/22/vkontakte-ru-too-passive-with-copyright-infringement-says-arbitration-court/|newspaper=इडब्ल्युडिएन डटकम|date=२२ फेब्रुअरी २०१२}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121112602/https://www.ewdn.com/2012/02/22/vkontakte-ru-too-passive-with-copyright-infringement-says-arbitration-court/ |date=2020-11-21 }}</ref> ====प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन विरुद्ध प्रयास==== भिकेले प्रतिलिपि अधिकार धारकहरूको लागि सामाग्री हटाउने उपकरण प्रदान गर्दछ ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vk.com/dmca |title=प्रतिलिपी अधिकार ऐन उल्लङ्घन सुचना |publisher=भिके डटकम|date= |accessdate=२०१३-०१-०६}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artistic-license.org/takedowns/vk-com-takedown-process/|title=भिके डटकमको प्रतिलिपी अधिकार सम्बन्धि मुद्दा|work=आर्टिस्टिक लाइसेन्स|access-date=२०१८-०७-०५|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026175043/http://www.artistic-license.org/takedowns/vk-com-takedown-process/ |date=2017-10-26 }}</ref> सन् २०१० मा, भिकेले कानूनी सामग्री प्रदायकहरू जस्तै टेलिभिजन सञ्जाल<ref>{{cite news|title=सिटिसि मिडिया|url=http://www.ewdn.com/2011/06/20/ctc-media-clamps-down-on-piracy/|accessdate=१७ सेप्टेम्बर २०१२|newspaper=इड्विन डटकम|date=२० जून २०११}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616022456/http://www.ewdn.com/2011/06/20/ctc-media-clamps-down-on-piracy/ |date=2012-06-16 }}</ref> र स्ट्रिमिङ प्रदायकहरूको<ref>{{cite news|title=भिकन्टेक्टले अनाधिकृत भिडियोहरू मेटाउने भएको छ|url=http://lenta.ru/news/2010/11/25/video/|newspaper=टेन्टा डटरू|date=२५ नोभेम्बर २०९}}</ref> साथमा धेरै साझेदारीहरू गरेको छ । यो साझेदारीले प्रदायकहरूलाई प्रयोगकर्ताद्वारा उर्ध्वभरण गरिएको सामग्रीलाई भिकेबाट हटाउन अनुमति दिन्छ र प्रदायक साइटको कानूनी रूपमा मान्यता पाएको सामग्रीहरू प्रतिलिपिहरूको साथमा यसलाई स्थानान्तरण गर्दछ ।<ref>{{cite news|title=कार्यकारी सँगको अन्तरबार्ता|url=http://www.rbcdaily.ru/2012/05/14/media/562949983821661|newspaper=आरबिसि डेल्लि|date=१४ मे २०१२|language=रूसी}}</ref> यो कानुनी मान्यता युक्त सामग्रीहरू, प्रदायक छनौटहरूको आधारमा विज्ञापन प्रायोजित, सदस्यता आधारित, वा निःशुल्क हुन सक्छन् । भिकेले आफ्नो सङ्गीत वा भिडियो खण्डमा आाफ्ना बिज्ञापनहरू प्रदर्शन गर्दैन । अक्टोबर २०१३ मा, सेन्ट पिटबर्गको एक अदालतले भिकन्टेक्टमा लागेका प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन शुल्कहरू हटायो । <ref>{{cite web|author=Andy |url=https://torrentfreak.com/russian-facebook-not-responsible-for-users-pirate-music-uploads-131026/ |title=भिकेमा उर्ध्वभरण गरिएका सामग्रीहरूको लागि भिके जिम्मेवार छैन |publisher=टोरेन्ट फ्रिक |date=२०१३-१०-२६ |accessdate=२०१४-०६-२१}}</ref>न्यायाधीशले, सामाजिक सञ्जालको रूपमा यसका प्रयोगकर्ताहरुद्वारा उर्ध्वभरण गरिएका सामग्रीको लागि यो जिम्मेदार नभएको घोषण सार्वजनिक गरेका थिए । नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा, सञ्चार सेवा, सूचना प्रविधि र सार्वजनिक मिडिया, लागि सङ्घीय सेवाका प्रमुख म्यासिम केन्जोभले, भिकन्टक्टेले सन् २०१५ को सुरुवात देखि सामग्रीको वैधिकरण प्रक्रिया पूरा गर्ने बताएका थिए ।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macdigger.ru/macall/vkontakte-udalit-ves-piratskij-kontent-v-nachale-2015-goda.html |title="ВКонтакте" удалит весь пиратский контент в начале 2015 года &#124; MacDigger - Новости из мира एप्पल |publisher=म्याक डिगर डटरू |date=२०१४-११-२० |accessdate=२०१५-०२-२३ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205044112/http://www.macdigger.ru/macall/vkontakte-udalit-ves-piratskij-kontent-v-nachale-2015-goda.html |date=2014-12-05 }}</ref> ===वेबसाइट भएको [[:en:Denial-of-service attack|डिडिओएस]] आक्रमण=== यस सामाजिक सञ्जाल रूसकै सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय र धेरै भ्रमण गरिएको वेबसाइट हो, यसको भ्रमणले साना साइटहरूमा डिडोओएस आक्रमणहरू गर्न प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ । भिकेले केहि साइटहरूमा डिडिओएस आक्रमणहरूको प्रदर्शन गरेको थियो जसमा यसले प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले प्रयोग गरेका ब्राउजरमा उनीहरूको सहमति बिनानै लक्ष्य साइटहरूमा धेरै अनुरोधहरू पठाएको थियो । सन् २००८ मा यसको लक्ष्यहरूमा [[रुनेट पुरस्कार]]को मतदान पृष्ठ<ref>{{cite web|url=http://habrahabr.ru/post/43171|title=ВКонтакте против "Премии рунета"|publisher=हब्राहब्र डटरू|accessdate=२० जनवरी २०१५}}</ref> रहेको थियो र सन् २०१२ मा क्याप्चा समाधान गर्ने सेवा एन्टिगेट डटकम रहेको थिय‍ो ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.securitylab.ru/news/423743.php|title="ÂÊîíòàêòå" îñóùåñòâèë DDoS àòàêó íà ñàéò एन्टिगेट डटकम|date=२६ अप्रिल २०१२|publisher=सेक्युरिटी ल्याब डटरू|accessdate=२० जनवरी २०१५}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://habrahabr.ru/post/142836|title=ВКонтакте ддосит एन्टिगेट डटकम|publisher=हब्राहब्र डटरू|accessdate=२० जनवरी २०१५}}</ref> ===कालोसूचीमा=== २४ मे २०१३ मा, यस वेबसाइटलाई गलत तरिकाले रूसी सरकार द्वारा प्रतिबन्धित वेबसाइटहरूको एक सूचीमा राखेको बताइएको थियो ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22651973 |title=रुसको लोकप्रिय वेबसाइट कालोसूचीमा परेको छ |publisher=बिबिसी डटको डट युके |accessdate=२०१३-०८-२४}}</ref> ===इटाली सम्बन्धि आलोचना=== १८ नोभेम्बर २०१३ मा, रोमको अदालतले दिएको एक आदेश अनुसार, मेदुसा फिलिमको, एक एउटा चलचित्रको गैरकानूनी प्रतिलिपि साझेदारीको गरेको भन्दै शिकायत गरेपछि भिकेलाई इटालीमा रोक लगाईएको थियो ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-Berlusconi-s-Company-Blocked-Off-vKontakte-and-File-Hosting-Sites-in-Italy-401518.shtml |title=इटालीमा भिके प्रतिबन्ध |publisher=न्युज डट सफ्ट पिडिया डटकम |date= |accessdate=२०१४-०७-२१}}</ref> तथापि, अप्रिल २०१५ मा, यो इटालियन प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको लागि फेरि खोलिएको थियो र यसको मोबाइल अनप्रयोग दुवै एप स्टोर र गूगल प्लेमा उपलब्ध गराइएको थियो । ===संस्थापक पाभेल दुरोभको राजिनामा=== १ अप्रिल २०१४ मा, डुरोभले आफ्नो पदबाट राजिनामा दिने घोषण गरेका थिए । त्यही घोषणका अनुसार उनको राजिनामा कम्पनी निश्चित गरेको थियो । तथापि, डुरोभ आफैले ३ अप्रिल २०१४ मा एक अप्रिल फुल मा (अप्रिल महिनाको पहिलो दिनमा ठट्टा गरिने प्रचलन) गरिएको ठट्टा रहेको कुरा दावी गरेका थिए । २१ अप्रिल २०१४ मा, डुरोभलाई कार्यकारी अधिकृतको रूपमा निकालिएको थियो । एक महिना पहिले उनको राजिनामा फिर्ता लिने पत्र निकाल्न असमर्थ रहेको दावी गरेका थिए । त्यसपछि डुरोभले कम्पनीलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा भ्लादिमिर पुटिनको राजनीतिक हलचलले प्रभाव परेको उनले बताएका थिए ।<ref name=DurovTI22414>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-22/news/49318882_1_social-network-vkontakte-pavel-durov-founder-mark-zuckerberg |title=डुरोभले रुस छोडेका छन् |accessdate=अप्रिल २३, २०१४ |archivedate=अप्रिल २४, २०१४ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426111428/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-22/news/49318882_1_social-network-vkontakte-pavel-durov-founder-mark-zuckerberg |date=2014-04-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=टुर|first=अमार |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/4/22/5638980/russias-largest-social-network-is-under-the-control-of-putins-allies |title=रुसी सामाजिक सञ्जालमा पुटिनको राजनीतिक हलचल, संस्थापकको भनाइ |publisher=द भर्ज |date= |accessdate=२०१५-०२-२३}}</ref> ===चिन सम्बन्धि आलोचना=== जनवरी २०१६ मा, चीनले भिकन्टेक्टलाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो । रूसको मिडिया वाचको अनुसार, सञ्जालको चीनमा अनुमानित ३००,००० प्रयोगकर्ताहरू रहेका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russia-media-watchdog-boasts-it-convinced-china-to-lift-vkontakte-ban-60523|title=भिकेका प्रयोगकर्ता |access-date=२०१८-०३-०९|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> १४ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ को अनुसार, चीन प्राधिकरणहरूले भिकन्टेक्टफाई प्रतिबन्ध फुकुवा गरेको थियोे र यसलाई देशमा पहुँचयोग्य बनाइएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tass.com/society/990009|title=चिनले रुसी सामाजिक सञ्जाल भिकेमा प्रतिबन्ध फुकुवा गरेको छ|work=टिएएसएस|access-date=२०१८-०३-०९|language=रुसी}}</ref> ==कार्यक्रम र परियोजनहरू== ===ह्याकथन=== भिकले सन् २०१५ मा ३१ अक्टोबर देखि १ नोभेम्बर सम्म उनीहरूको पहिलो २४-घण्टे [[:en:Hackathon|ह्याकथन]] सञ्चालन गरेको थियो । सहभागीहरूलाई "साधारण बनाउनुहोस्" (रूसी: «Упрощайте!») नामक एउटै विचारद्वारा एकताबद्ध परियोजना विकास गर्न निमन्त्रणा गरिएको थियो । यस प्रतियोगितामा ३४ टोलीहरूले भाग लिएका थिए । विजेताहरू बीच ३०० हजार रूबलको पुरस्कार विभाजित गरिएको थियोे ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vc.ru/social/11462-vk-hackaton-fin|title=Фоторепортаж: Первый хакатон "ВКонтакте" — Соцсети на vc.ru|last=|first=फिलसप|date=२०१५-११-०२|work=भिसी डटरू|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112223442/https://vc.ru/social/11462-vk-hackaton-fin |date=2018-11-12 }}</ref> भिकेले दोस्रो ह्याकथन २६ नोभेम्बर देखि २७ नोभेम्बर २०१६ सम्म आयोजना गरेको थियो । सहभागीहरूले सामुदायिक एप प्लेटफर्मको लागि परियोजनाहरू विकास गरेका थिए । कार्यक्रमको लागि पुरस्कार ३०० हजार रूबल रहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://meduza.io/shapito/2016/11/28/poisk-propavshih-kotikov-prilozhenie-kotoroe-ischet-poteryavshihsya-zhivotnyh-s-pomoschyu-neyrosetey|title="Поиск пропавших котиков": приложение, которое ищет потерявшихся животных с помощью нейросетей — Meduza|work=मेडुजा|access-date=२०१८-११-१२|language=रूसी}}</ref> भिकेले आफ्नो तेस्रो ह्याकथन २० सेप्टेम्बर देखि २२ अक्टोबर २०१७ सम्म आयोजना गरेको थियो । यसमा पुरस्कार दश लाख रूबल रहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://paperpaper.ru/papernews/2017/10/23/hackathon/|title=На Хакатоне "ВКонтакте" победили авторы приложения, помогающего выбрать маршрут в Эрмитаже|date=२०१७-१०-२३|work=«Бумага»|access-date=२०१८-११-१२|language=रूसी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204130031/https://paperpaper.ru/papernews/2017/10/23/hackathon/ |date=2018-12-04 }}</ref> ===स्टार्ट फेलोज=== २०११ मा, पभेल डुरोव र युरी मिलनरले स्टार्ट फेलोज नामक, प्रविधिको क्षेत्रमा परियोजनाहरू समर्थन गर्न एक अनुदानमुलक कार्यक्रमको स्थापना गरे । सन् २०१४ मा, भिकेले स्टार्ट फेलोज कार्यक्रम लियो र यसलाई अझ बढि व्यवस्थित ढङ्गले सञ्चालन गर्यो । यो अनुदान प्रत्येक महिना ३ कम्पनीहरूमा प्रदान गरिएको थियो र भिके प्लेटफर्ममा विज्ञापनको लागि २५ हजार रूबल सहित भिकेबाट परियोजना परामर्श पनि समावेश गरिएको थियो । भिकेले सन् २०१७ मा यो परियोजना पुन: सुरुवात गर्यो । आय परिमार्जनका साथ मात्र सक्रिय परियोजनाहरूले निवेदन पेश गर्न सक्ने गरी यसको सृजना गरिएको थियोे । यसको कुल पुरस्कार २.५ मिलियन रूबल रहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ferra.ru/ru/techlife/news/2017/12/04/vk-start-fellows-2017/|title=Победители Start Fellows получили 2,5 млн рублей от ВКонтакте|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175253/https://www.ferra.ru/ru/techlife/news/2017/12/04/vk-start-fellows-2017/ |date=2018-06-18 }}</ref> ===भिके कप=== पहिलो भिके कप, १३ देखि २३ वर्षको उमेरका युवा प्रोग्रामरहरूको लागि एक प्रोग्रामिङ च्याम्पियनसिप कार्यक्रम १६ जुलाई २०१२ मा सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग, रूसमा आयोजना गरिएको थियो । भिके र कोडफ्रोर्सले दोस्रो भिके कप प्रोग्रामिङ च्याम्पियनसिपलाई संयुक्त रूपमा सञ्चालन गरेका थिए जुन २४ जुलाई देखि २७ जुलाई २०१५ सम्म आयोजना भएको थियो । विजेताहरूले कुल १,०४८,५७६ रूबल प्राप्त गरेका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vc.ru/social/9534-vk-cup-2015|title=Фоторепортаж: «ВКонтакте» провела второй чемпионат по программированию भिके कप २०१५ — Соцсети на vc.ru|last=भिसि डटरू|first=Редакция|date=२०१५-०७-२७|work=भिसी डटरू|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113025620/https://vc.ru/social/9534-vk-cup-2015 |date=2018-11-13 }}</ref> तेस्रो भिके कप १ जुलाई देखि ४ जुलाई २०१६ सम्म आयोजना भएको थियो र यसको बिजेताले २.५ मिलियन रुबल पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://codeforces.com/vkcup2016|title=भिके कप २०१६ - कोडफोर्स|website=कोडफोर्सेस|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}}</ref> भिके र कोडफोर्सले चौथो भिके कपलाई संयुक्त रूपमा सञ्चालन गरेका थिए जुन ८ जुलाई देखि ९ जुलाई २०१७ सम्म आयोजना भएको थियो । ५२ देशका टोलीहरूले प्रतियोगितामा भाग लिनएका थिए । प्रतियोगिताको लागि पुरस्कार २.५ मिलियन रूबल रहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sobaka.ru/city/internet/59533|title=«ВКонтакте» выплатила 2,5 миллиона рублей призёрам भिके।कप २०१७|work=Собака.ru|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}}</ref> ===भिके सङ्गीत पुरस्कार=== पहिलो भिके सङ्गीत पुरस्कार समारोह २५ डिसेम्बर २०१७ मा भएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.intermedia.ru/news/318143|title="ВКонтакте" завершит год вручением своей первой музыкальной премии|date=२०१७-१२-१५|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}}</ref> पुरस्कार समारोह एक अनलाइन लाइभ स्ट्रीम को रूपमा आयोजित गरिएको थियो ।<ref name="ИА REGNUM">{{Cite news|url=https://regnum.ru/news/2362173.html|title=Названы победители премии भिके।सङ्गीत पुरस्कार|work=ИА REGNUM|access-date=२०१८-११-१२|language=रूसी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528051747/https://regnum.ru/news/2362173.html |date=2018-05-28 }}</ref> कुनै पनि भिके प्रयोगकर्ता प्रत्यक्ष प्रसारण हेर्न सुबिधा रहेको थियो । समारोह पछि, एक निजी सङ्गीत कार्यक्रम मास्कोमा रहेको भेगस सिटी हलमा आयोजना गरिएको थियो । कार्यक्रमको टिकट भिके सङ्गीत समुदायमा आयोजित एक प्रतियोगिताको माध्यमले जित्न सकिने व्यवस्था रहेको थियो ।<ref name="ИА REGNUM"/> भिके सङ्गीत पुरस्कारकारका बिजेता हात पार्नको लागि कुनै पनि सङ्गीत सङ्ख्यात्मक हिसाबले धेरै बजाइएको गितका गायक/गायिकालाई भिके र बुम एप मार्फत निर्धारण गरिएको थियो । बिजेता ३० कलाकारहरूको नाम भिके सङ्गीत पुरस्कारको आधिकारिक सामुदायिक पृष्ठ र बुम एपको वेबसाइट मार्फत सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो । सबै पुरस्कार बिजेताका आधिकारिक पृष्ठहरू विशेष सङ्केतद्वारा छुट्ट्इएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://the-flow.ru/news/vk-music-awards|title=В Москве прошла премия भिके सङ्गीत पुरस्कार Были названы 30 главных треков года|work=द फ्लो डटरू|access-date=२०१८-११-१२|language=रूसी}}</ref> ===भिके उत्सव=== सन् २०१५ देखि, भिकेले एक वार्षिक २-दिने खुला-वायु सङ्गीत र मनोरञ्जन उत्सव आयोजना गर्दै आइरहेको छ । यो उत्सव जुलाईमा ३०० एनिभर्सरी पार्क ,(रूसी: Парк имени 300-летия Санкт-Петербурга) सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग रूसमा आयोजना हुने गरेको छ । आयोजकको तथ्याङ्कको अनुसार, सन् २०१६ मा ७० हजार मानिसहरूको उपस्थिति रहेको थियोे भने जसमा सन् २०१७ मा यो सङ्ख्या ८५ हजार सम्म पुगेको थियो । सन् २०१७ मै ४० कलाकारहरूका समूहहरूले ३ वटा मञ्चमा प्रस्तुति दिएका थिए । १.५ मिलियन भन्दा धेरै व्यक्तिहरूले त्यो महोत्सवको आधिकारिक प्रत्यक्ष प्रसारण हेरेका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://rg.ru/2017/07/14/reg-szfo/v-peterburge-na-vyhodnyh-projdet-tretij-vk-fest.html|title=В Петербурге на выходных пройдет третий VK Fest|date=२०१७-०७-१४|work=Российская газета|access-date=२०१८- ११-१२|language=रूसी}}</ref> ===दान कार्य=== धेरै वर्षसम्म, भिकेले दान कार्यमा विशेष ध्यान दिदैआइरहेको छ जसमा पाभेल दुरोभले एक विशेष कुकुरको चित्र दानको बेलामा प्रर्दशन गर्दे अइरहेका छन् जुन सन् २०११ मा उनी आफैले बनाएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya-opinion/lyudi/212150-kod-pavla-durova-pyat-istorii-iz-zhizni-vkontakte-i-ee-sozdatelya|title=Код Павла Дурова: пять историй из жизни "ВКонтакте" и ее создателя. Фото|website=फोर्ब्स डटरू|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}}</ref> १९ नोभेम्बर २०१५ मा, विश्व वन्यजन्तु कोषको सहयोगमा भिकेले, एक स्टिकरहरूको सङ्गालो सार्वजनिक गरेको थियोे जसमा जानवरको वर्णन, एक विशेष विश्व वन्यजन्तु कोषको पृष्ठको लिङ्क सहित गराइएको थियो र जसले प्रजातिहरूको सहयोग गर्न जानकारी दिएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwf.ru/resources/news/iz-zhizni-fonda/redkie-zhivotnye-poselyatsya-vkontakte/|title=Редкие животные "поселятся" ВКонтакте|website=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युएफ डटकम- Всемирный фонд дикой природы|access-date=२०१८-११-१२}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204121905/https://wwf.ru/resources/news/iz-zhizni-fonda/redkie-zhivotnye-poselyatsya-vkontakte/ |date=2018-12-04 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची|२}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commons category|Vkontakte|भिके}} *{{official website|vk.com}} *[http://rbth.ru/business/2014/01/28/vkontakte_looses_its_founder_whats_next_33617.html भिकेले आफ्नो संस्थापक गुमाएको छ]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[[पाभेल दुरोभ]] - [[भिके (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)|भिके]]का संस्थापक {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Vkontakte}} [[श्रेणी:सूचना प्रविधि]] [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक सञ्जाल]] [[श्रेणी:रूसी वेबसाइटहरू]] 6gq1gp8j4xchzt17j92ubyubyx8p0cb 0 100246 1368371 1321544 2026-08-03T15:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख}} {{Infobox football biography | name = पाको आल्कासेर | image = Ukr-Spain2015 (12) - копия.jpg | caption = सन् २०१५ मा आल्कासेर [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|स्पेन]]बाट खेल्दै | fullname = फ्रान्सिस्को आल्कासेर गर्सिया | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|8|30|df=y}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/465277 |title=२०१७/१८ प्रिमियर लिगका खेलाडीहरू|publisher=प्रिमियर लिग |date=१ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ |accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref> | birth_place = तोरेन्तो, [[स्पेन]] | height = १.७६ मी | position = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]] | currentclub = [[भिल्लारियल फुटबल क्लब|बिलारेआल]] | clubnumber = १७ | youthyears1 = २०००–२००३ | youthclubs1 = मोन्ते-सियोन | youthyears2 = २००३–२००५ | youthclubs2 = [[तोेरेन्ट सीएफ|तोरेन्त]] | youthyears3 = २००५–२००९ | youthclubs3 = [[भालेन्सिया सीएफ|भालेन्सिया]] | years1 = २००९–२०१२ | clubs1 = [[भालेन्सिया सीएफ बि|भालेन्सिया बि]] | caps1 = ६४ | goals1 = ४२ | years2 = २०१०–२०१६ | clubs2 = [[भालेन्सिया सीएफ|भालेन्सिया]] | caps2 = ९३ | goals2 = ३० | years3 = २०१२–२०१३ | clubs3 = → [[हेताफे सिएफ|हेताफे]] (ऋणमा) | caps3 = २० | goals3 = ३ | years4 = २०१६–२०१९ | clubs4 = [[एफसी बार्सेलोना|बार्सेलोना]] | caps4 = ३७ | goals4 = १० | years5 = २०१८–२०१९ | clubs5 = → [[बोरुसिया डोर्टमुन्ड|बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड]] (ऋणमा) | caps5 = १४ | goals5 = १२ | years6 = २०१९-२०२० | clubs6 = [[बोरुसिया डोर्टमुन्ड|बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड]] | caps6 = २३ | goals6 = ११ |years7 = २०२०–हाल |clubs7 = [[भिल्लारियल फुटबल क्लब|बिलारेआल]] |caps7 = ६ |goals7 = २ |nationalyears1 = २००९ | nationalteam1 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (१६ वर्ष मुनी)|स्पेन १६ वर्ष मुनी]] | nationalcaps1 = ३ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalyears2 = २००९–२०१० | nationalteam2 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (१७ वर्ष मुनी)|स्पेन १७ वर्ष मुनी]] | nationalcaps2 = ११ | nationalgoals2 = १४ | nationalyears3 = २०११ | nationalteam3 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (१८ वर्ष मुनी)|स्पेन १८ वर्ष मुनी]] | nationalcaps3 = ३ | nationalgoals3 = ५ | nationalyears4 = २०११–२०१२ | nationalteam4 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (१९ वर्ष मुनी)|स्पेन १९ वर्ष मुनी]] | nationalcaps4 = १६ | nationalgoals4 = ७ | nationalyears5 = २०१३ | nationalteam5 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२० वर्ष मुनी)|स्पेन २० वर्ष मुनी]] | nationalcaps5 = ७ | nationalgoals5 = ३ | nationalyears6 = २०१३ | nationalteam6 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२१ वर्ष मुनी)|स्पेन २१ वर्ष मुनी]] | nationalcaps6 = १ | nationalgoals6 = ० | nationalyears7 = २०१४– | nationalteam7 = [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|स्पेन]] | nationalcaps7 = १५ | nationalgoals7 = ९ | club-update = २० अक्टोबर २०१८ | nationalteam-update = १५ अक्टोबर २०१८ | medaltemplates = {{MedalCompetition|[[युइएफए युरोपेली यू-१७ च्याम्पियनसिप]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[२०१० फिफा यू-२३ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०१०]]|}} }} '''पाको आल्कासेर''' (जन्म: ३० अगस्ट १९९३) एक स्पेनी व्यवसायिक फुटबल खेलाडी हुन् जसले स्पेनी क्लब [[भिल्लारियल फुटबल क्लब|बिलारेआल]] र स्पेनी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका लागि [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]]का खेलाडीको रूपमा खेल्छन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html|title=A octavos (4–1)|trans-title=To the round-of-16 (4–1)|publisher=भालेन्सिया सीएफ|language=स्पेनी|date=११ नोभेम्बर २०१०|accessdate=3 February 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224041019/http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html/ |date=24 February 2014 }}</ref> आल्कासेरले सन् २००९ मा स्पेनमा आभारित भालेन्सिया बि नामक एक फुटबल क्लबबाट व्यवसायिक फुटबल कार्यकालको सुरुवात गरेका थिए भने उनको सन् २०१० मा पदोन्नति भई उनी भालेन्सिया फुटबल क्लबमा सरुवा भएका थिए। सन् २०१६ मा आल्कासेरले ला लिगा फुटबल लिग अन्तर्गतको क्लब बार्सेलोनामा ३ करोड युरोमा आवद्ध भएका थिए जहाँ उनले उक्त क्लबका लागि कोपा देल रे उपाधि जिताउनका लागि ठूलो भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए। सन् २०१९ मा उनी बोरूसियन डर्टमन्ड नामक एक जर्मनेली क्लबमा आवद्ध भएका थिए। आल्कासेरले स्पेन १९ वर्ष मुनीको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका लागि युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिप दुईपटक जिताउन ठूलो भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए भने उनको सन् २०१४ मा राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा पदोन्नति भएको थियो। == क्लब कार्यकाल == === भालेन्सिया === स्पेनको तोरन्तोमा जन्मिएका आलकासेरले सन् २००९ मा स्पेनमा आभारित भालेन्सिया बि नामक एक फुटबल क्लबबाट व्यावसायिक फुटबल कार्यकालको सुरुवात गरेका थिए भने उनको सन् २०१० मा पदोन्नति भई उनी भालेन्सिया फुटबल क्लबमा सरुवा भएका थिए। उनी भालेन्सिया फुटबल क्लबको सन् २००९-१० संस्करण चलिरहँदा उक्त क्लबमा आवद्ध भएका थिए जतिबेला उनी मात्र १६ वर्षका थिए। उनले उक्त क्लबका लागि खेलेको १५ खेलमा ३ गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html|title=A octavos (4–1)|trans-title=To the round-of-16 (4–1)|publisher=Valencia CF|language=स्पेनी|date=11 November 2010|accessdate=3 February 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224041019/http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html/ |date=24 February 2014 }}</ref> सन् २०१० नोभेम्बर ११ का दिन उनले उक्त क्लबका लागि पूर्ण एक खेल लग्रानियस विरुद्ध खेलेका थिए जहाँ भालेन्सियाले लग्रानियसलाई ४-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो। <ref name=Resultados>{{cite web|url=https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/2011/P-Alcacer-39979|title=P. Alcácer|publisher=Resultados Fútbol|language=स्पेनी|accessdate=26 November 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221546/https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/2011/P-Alcacer-39979 |date=26 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Mission>{{cite web|url=http://www.deportevalenciano.com/2011/05/29/objetivo-cumplido|title=Objetivo cumplido|trans-title=Mission accomplished|publisher=Deporte Valenciano|first=Víctor|last=Pulido|language=स्पेनी|date=29 May 2011|accessdate=26 November 2018}}</ref> === सन् २०११–१२ संस्करण === सन् २०११ अगष्ट १२ का दिन एक मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा आलकासेरले भालेन्सियाको तर्फबाट रोमाको विरुद्ध तेस्रो र अन्तिम गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए तर जब उनले उक्त खेलको समाप्ति पश्चात् मेस्त्रेता रङ्गशालाबाट आफ्नो बुबासँग बाहिरिएका थिए भने बाहिरिने क्रममा उनको बुबालाई हृदयघात भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/08/13/futbol/equipos/valencia/1313215439.html|title=Fallece el padre de Paco Alcácer a las puertas de Mestalla|trans-title=Paco Alcácer's father dies at the gates of Mestalla|newspaper=Marca|first=Diego|last=Picó|language=स्पेनी|date=13 August 2011|accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> हृदयघात भैसकेपछि तत्काल उनको बुबालाई प्राथमिक उपचार गरिएको थियो तर पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/08/18/futbol/equipos/valencia/1313658792.html|title=Alcácer vuelve a entrenarse como terapia para superar la pérdida|trans-title=Alcácer returns to training as therapy to ovecome loss|newspaper=Marca|first=Diego|last=Picó|language=स्पेनी|date=18 August 2011|accessdate=18 August 2011}}</ref> सन् २०१२ जनवरी १४ का दिन उनले स्पेनीको एक बहुप्रतिष्ठित फुटबल लिग ला लिगामा भालेन्सियाको तर्फबाट पर्दापण गरेका थिए जहाँ उनले उक्त खेलको अन्तिम २० मिनेट बाँकी रहँदा मैदान उत्रिएका थिए तर उक्त खेल रेआल सोसिदादले १-० गोल अन्तिमले जितेको थियो। <ref name=BDF1112>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/es/p/j300522.html?temp=2011-12|title=Alcácer: Francisco Alcácer García – Matches 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=26 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report/_/id/323866?cc=5739|title=Griezmann guides Sociedad to victory|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=14 January 2012|accessdate=26 March 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120724073430/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report/_/id/323866?cc=5739 |date=24 July 2012 }}</ref> ====२०१२–१३ संस्करण: हेताफेमा कर्जामा आवद्ध ==== ला लिगाको सन् २०१२-१२ संस्करण चलिरहँदा उनी ला लिगाको एक फुटबल क्लब हेताफेमा कर्जामा आवद्ध भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2012/08/28/mas_futbol/1346135262_850215.html|title=Alcácer, cedido al Getafe con cláusula de partidos|trans-title=Alcácer, loaned to Getafe with match clause|newspaper=Diario AS|language=स्पेनी|date=28 August 2012|accessdate=22 November 2017}}</ref> उनले उक्त क्लबका लागि पहिलो आधिकारिक खेल दिपोर्टिभ ला कोरुनाको विरुद्ध खेलेका थिए जुन खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा अन्त्य भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/torremarathon/2012/09/01/deportivo-coruna-empata-ante-getafe-partido-vertiginoso/00031346529362226719622.htm|title=El Deportivo de La Coruña empata ante el Getafe en un partido vertiginoso|trans-title=Deportivo de La Coruña draw against Getafe in frantic match|newspaper=La Voz de Galicia|first=Miguel|last=Piñeiro|language=स्पेनी|date=1 September 2012|accessdate=22 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/en/report/348346/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=null|title=Rayo build momentum|publisher=ESPN FC|date=7 January 2013|accessdate=1 March 2013|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504211918/http://espnfc.com/en/report/348346/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=null|archivedate=4 May 2013}}</ref> उनले उक्त क्लबको तर्फबाट पहिलो आधिकारिक खेल सन् २०१३ जनवरी ७ का दिन खेलेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/futbol/20181012/paco-alcacer-renacido-suplente-promedio-goleador-mundo/344966442_0.html|title=Paco Alcácer, el renacido: de suplente al mejor promedio goleador del mundo|trans-title=Paco Alcácer, the reborn: from reserve to the world's best scoring average|publisher=El Español|first=David|last=Hormigos|language=स्पेनी|date=12 October 2018|accessdate=26 November 2018}}</ref> === सन् २०१३–१४ संस्करण === ला लिगाको सन् २०१३-१४ संस्करण चलिरहँदा उनी पुनः भालेन्सिया फुटबल क्लबमा फिर्किएका थिए। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2014/matches/round=2000469/match=2012500/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Patient Valencia claim Kuban success|publisher=UEFA|date=3 October 2013|accessdate=10 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2013_14/primera/jornada_21/val_esp/|title=El 'Huracán Pizzi' se queda en temporal|trans-title='Hurricane Pizzi' reduced to a storm|newspaper=Marca|first=Ramiro|last=Aldunate|language=स्पेनी|date=25 January 2014|accessdate=3 February 2014}}</ref> आलकासेरले सन् २०१३ अक्टोबर २ मा दिन उक्त क्लबका लागि युइएफए युरोपा लिगको एक खेलमा कुबान क्रोस्नोदारको विरुद्धमा गर्न सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2013_14/primera/jornada_22/bar_val/|title=El Barça se pega un tiro en el pie|trans-title=Barça shoot themselves in the foot|newspaper=Marca|first=Ramiro|last=Aldunate|language=स्पेनी|date=1 February 2014|accessdate=3 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2014/matches/round=2000472/match=2012674/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Alcácer inspires historic Valencia comeback|publisher=UEFA|first=Delfín|last=Ramírez|date=10 April 2014|accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/2014/04/11/futbol/equipos/valencia/1397167953.html|title=Alcácer: "Sin los compañeros los goles no los podríamos marcar"|trans-title=Alcácer: "Without the teammates one could not score goals"|newspaper=Marca|language=स्पेनी|date=11 April 2014|accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref> सन् २०१४ अप्रिल १० का दिन उनले भालेन्सिया फुटबल क्लबका लागि पहिलो ह्याट्रिक गोल बाजेल फुटबल क्लबको विरुद्धमा गर्न सफल भएका थिए जुन उनको व्यावसायिक फुटबल कार्यकालको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक गोल बनेको थियो भने उनले गरेको गोलका कारण भालेन्सिया युरोपा लिगको सेमिफाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भएको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vcfplay.com/team/disfruta-goles-paco-alcacer-uefa-3515.html|title=Paco Alcácer, el 'killer' del área|trans-title=Paco Alcácer, the killer of the box|publisher=Valencia CF|language=स्पेनी|date=11 April 2014|accessdate=17 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417114947/http://www.vcfplay.com/team/disfruta-goles-paco-alcacer-uefa-3515.html|archive-date=17 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417114947/http://www.vcfplay.com/team/disfruta-goles-paco-alcacer-uefa-3515.html |date=17 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/liga/2014-04-12/paco-alcacer-el-nino-que-sonaba-con-el-futbol-en-una-cuna-llena-de-balones_115787/|title=Paco Alcácer, el niño que soñaba con el fútbol en una cuna llena de balones|trans-title=Paco Alcácer, the boy who dreamed about football in ball-filled cradle|newspaper=El Confidencial|first=Alonso|last=Castilla|language=स्पेनी|date=12 April 2014|accessdate=17 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2102978.html|title=Eight-goal Soriano is Europa League top scorer|publisher=UEFA|date=14 May 2014|accessdate=23 March 2016}}</ref> === सन् २०१४–१५ संस्करण === सन् २०१४ अगष्ट १७ का दिन आलकासेरले ओरेन्ज ट्रफीका लागि जारी गरिएको खेलमा मिलान फुटबल क्लब विरुद्ध पहिलो गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उक्त खेल भालेन्सियाले २-१ को गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.superdeporte.es/valencia/2014/08/16/valencia-directo-milan-futbol-naranja-presentacion/232516.html|title=El Valencia se lleva el Naranja|trans-title=Valencia take Orange|newspaper=Super Deporte|language=स्पेनी|date=18 April 2014|accessdate=18 April 2014}}</ref> उनलाई पछि ९ नम्बरको पोशाक हस्तान्तरण गरिएको थियो जुन पहिलो हेल्दर पोस्तिगाको पोशाक सङ्ख्या थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/eventos/marcador/futbol/2014_15/primera/jornada_14/gda_val/|title=Success ordena el despropósito|trans-title=Success the father of all disarrays|newspaper=Marca|first=Ángel|last=Liceras|language=स्पेनी|date=7 December 2014|accessdate=23 March 2016}}</ref> ९ डिसेम्बरका दिन आयोजित ग्रिनादा विरुद्धको खेलमा उनलाई रातो कार्ड दिइएको थियो जसकारण उनी खेलबाट बाहिरिएका थिए भने उक्त खेल १-१ गोलको बराबरीमा टुङ्गिएको थियो<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.superdeporte.es/valencia/2015/01/27/paco-alcacer-renovado-2020/246819.html|title=Paco Alcácer, renovado hasta 2020|trans-title=Paco Alcácer, renewed until 2020|newspaper=Super Deporte|language=स्पेनी|date=27 January 2015|accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref> === सन् २०१५–१६ संस्करण === सन् २०१५ नोभेम्बर ७ का दिन आलकासेर र दानी पेरेजोले सेल्ता फुटबल क्लबको विरुद्ध दुईदुई गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उक्त खेल भालेन्सियाले ५-० गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/nov/07/celta-vigo-valencia-la-liga-match-report|title=Valencia's Paco Alcácer and Dani Parejo on the double to beat Celta Vigo|newspaper=The Guardian|date=7 November 2015|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2016/01/21/19569172/neville-replaces-valencia-captain-parejo?ICID=TP_HN_HP_RI_0_2|title=Neville replaces Valencia captain Parejo after poor results|publisher=Goal|first=Tom|last=Maston|date=21 January 2016|accessdate=23 March 2016}}</ref> उनले त्यस खेलको तीन महिनासम्म कुनै पनि गोल गरेका थिएनन् भने उनले सन् २०१६ अप्रिल २० का दिन उनले आइबार फुटबल क्लबको विरुद्ध ह्याट्रिक गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उकणत खेल भालेन्सियाले ४-० गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espanol.eurosport.com/futbol/alcacer-pone-fin-con-tres-goles-a-tres-meses-de-sequia-de-cara-a-puerta_sto5452832/story.shtml|title=Alcácer pone fin con tres goles a tres meses de sequía de cara a puerta|trans-title=Alcácer ends a three-month goal drought with three goals|publisher=Eurosport|language=स्पेनी|date=20 April 2016|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/20160514/401790769375/alcacer-con-15-tantos-maximo-goleador-del-equipo-por-tercer-ano-consecutivo.html|title=Alcácer, con 15 tantos, máximo goleador del equipo por tercer año consecutivo|trans-title=Alcácer, with 15 goals, top team scorer for third year in a row|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|language=स्पेनी|date=14 May 2016|accessdate=19 February 2018}}</ref> === एफसे बार्सेलोना === सन् २०२६ अगष्ट ३० का दिन आल्कासेरले एक स्पेनी क्लब बार्सेलोनासँगको ५ वर्षीया आवदेध पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए भने सोही दिन बार्सेलोनाका मुनिर एल हद्दादीली भालेन्सियामा सरुवा भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2016-2017/paco-alcacer-signs-for-fc-barcelona|title=Paco Alcácer signs for FC Barcelona|publisher=FC Barcelona|date=30 August 2016|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> आल्कासेरले पछि उक्त क्लबका लागि लियोनल मेसी, नेयमार र लुई स्वारेज पछिका चौँथो अग्रपङ्क्तिको रूपमा स्थापित भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/11/transfer-zone/2016/08/30/27013622/is-paco-alcacer-really-better-than-munir-el-haddadi-for|title=Is Paco Alcacer really better than Munir El Haddadi for Barcelona?|publisher=Goal|first=Ben|last=Hayward|date=30 August 2016|accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/dificil-debut-paco-alcacer-con-barcelona-ante-alaves-5372563|title=Difícil debut de Paco Alcácer con el FC Barcelona ante el Alavés|trans-title=Paco Alcácer's difficult debut for Barcelona against Alavés|newspaper=Sport (Spanish newspaper)|language=स्पेनी|date=10 September 2016|accessdate=17 September 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१६ सेप्टेम्बर १० का दिन आल्कासेरले एफसे बार्सेलोनाका लागि पहिलो आधिकारिक खेल अल्भसको विरुद्धमा खेलेका थिए भने उक्त खेलको ६६औँ मिनेटमा उनलाई स्वारेजलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.co.uk/spanish-copa-del-rey/story/3024722/arda-turan-hat-trick-fuels-barcelona-rout-of-hercules-in-copa-del-rey|title=Arda Turan hat trick fuels Barcelona; Sevilla score nine in Copa del Rey win|publisher=ESPN FC|date=21 December 2016|accessdate=22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/88/spain/2017/02/04/32319752/messi-happy-to-be-substituted-as-alcacer-vidal-step-up-for|title=Messi happy to be substituted as Alcacer & Vidal step up for rotated Barca|publisher=Goal|first=Ben|last=Hayward|date=4 February 2017|accessdate=4 February 2017}}</ref> सन् २०१६ डिसेम्बर २१ का दिन आल्कासेरले उक्त क्लबका लागि पहिलो आधिकारिक गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने त्यस खेल बार्सेलोनाले एरकुलसलाई ७-० गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39909498|title=Barcelona 3–1 Alavés|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2017|accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2017/11/04/59fe3634e2704eee388b4686.html|title=Alcacer's double does it for Barca|newspaper=Marca|first=Arch|last=Bell|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=5 November 2017}}</ref> युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगको सन् २०१६-१७ संस्करणमा उनले बार्सेलोनाका लागि च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा पहिलो गोल गरेका थिए भने उक्त खेलमा बार्सेलोनाले स्पोर्तिङ सेपेलाई २-१ गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल भएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/match-reports/barcelona-2-0-sporting-lisbon-11646246|title=Barcelona 2–0 Sporting Lisbon: Paco Alcacer strikes as Catalans march into knockout phase unbeaten – 5 talking points|newspaper=Daily Mirror|first=|last=|date=5 December 2017|accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref> === बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड === सन् २०१८ अगष्ट २८ का दिन आल्कासेरले बुन्डेसलिगा अन्तर्गतको बोरूसियन डर्टमन्ड नामक एक क्लबमा कर्जामा आवद्ध भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bvb.de/News/Uebersicht/Leihe-mit-Kaufoption-BVB-verpflichtet-Paco-Alcacer|title=Loan with option to buy: BVB commits Paco Alcácer|publisher=Borussia Dortmund|date=28 August 2018|accessdate=28 August 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८ सेप्टेम्बर १४ का दिन उनले क्लब क्लबका लागि पहिलो आधिकारिक खेल खेलेका थिए जहाँ उनी खेलको दोस्रो हाफमा म्याक्समिलियन फिलिपलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै मैदान उत्रिएका थिए भने उक्त खेलमा उनीले उनको पहिलो गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए जसकारण डर्टमन्डले फ्राङ्कफर्टलाई ३-१ गो अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article181541072/3-1-gegen-Frankfurt-Neuzugang-Alcacer-trifft-Goetze-sitzt-wieder-nur-auf-der-Bank.html|title=Neuzugang Alcacer trifft, Götze sitzt wieder nur auf der Bank|trans-title=Debutant Alcacer scores, Götze sits again only on the bench|publisher=Welt |language=जर्मनेली|date=14 September 2018|accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref> उनले बुन्डेसलिगा अन्तर्गतका पछिका दुई खेलहरूमा ५ गोल गरेका थिए जहाँ उनले बायर लिभरकुसेन विरुद्धको खेलमा २ ग‍ोल र आउग्सबर्ग विरुद्धको खेलमा ३ गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11881/11512962/bundesliga-round-up-borussia-dortmund-go-top-with-comeback-win-over-bayer-leverkusen|title=Bundesliga round-up: Borussia Dortmund go top with comeback win over Bayer Leverkuse|publisher=Sky Sports|date=29 September 2018|accessdate=6 October 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८-१९ संस्करणको बुन्डेसलिगामा आल्कासेरले सन् २०१८ डिसेम्बर १८ का दिन दश समग्रमा दश गोल गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kwese.espn.com/football/german-bundesliga/story/3642491/paco-alcacer-scores-hat-trick-as-dortmund-beat-augsburg-in-thriller|title=Paco Alcacer scores hat trick as Dortmund beat Augsburg in thriller|publisher=ESPN|date=6 October 2018|accessdate=6 October 2018|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006200629/http://kwese.espn.com/football/german-bundesliga/story/3642491/paco-alcacer-scores-hat-trick-as-dortmund-beat-augsburg-in-thriller|archive-date=6 October 2018|df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006200629/http://kwese.espn.com/football/german-bundesliga/story/3642491/paco-alcacer-scores-hat-trick-as-dortmund-beat-augsburg-in-thriller |date=6 October 2018 }}</ref> सन् २०१९ फेब्रुअरी १ का दिन उनी उक्त क्लबसँग २ करोड ३० लाख युरोमा आवद्ध भएका थिए भने उनले उक्त क्लबका लागि ५ वर्षसम्मको आवद्ध पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/fortuna-dusseldorf-borussia-dortmund-live-line-ups-stats-reus-sancho-pulisic-fantasy-913|title=Dodi Lukebakio and Jean Zimmer on target as Fortuna Düsseldorf stun Borussia Dortmund|publisher=Bundesliga|date=18 December 2018|accessdate=19 December 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८-१९ बुन्डेसलिगाको समाप्तिसँगै उनले उक्त क्लबका लागि त्यो वर्षको संस्करणमा १८ लिग गोल गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/1038509/borussia-dortmund-activate-buy-clause-for-paco-alcacer|title=Borussia Dortmund activate buy clause for Paco Alcácer|publisher=FC Barcelona|date=1 February 2019|accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/paco-alcacer-signs-permanent-deal-with-borussia-dortmund/a-46424111|title=Paco Alcacer signs permanent deal with Borussia Dortmund|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=23 November 2018|accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46321695|title=Paco Alcacer: Borussia Dortmund sign Barcelona striker for £22.7m|publisher=BBC Sport|date=23 November 2018|accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> आलेकासेले पछि बिलारेआल क्लबसँग आवद्ध हुनका लागि डर्टमन्ड छाडेका थिए। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51310695|title=Paco Alcacer leaves Borussia Dortmund to join Villarreal|publisher=BBC Sport|date=30 January 2020|accessdate=1 February 2020}}</ref> === बिलारेआल === सन् २०२० जनवरी ३० का दिन आल्कासेर स्पेनीको एक फुटबल क्लब बिलारेआलमा साँढे ५ वर्षका लागि आवद्ध भएका थिए। आलकासेरले उक्त क्लबका लागि पहिलो आधिकारिक गोल ओसासुनीको विरुद्धमा गरेका थिए भने उक्त खेलमा बिलारेआलले ३-१ गोल अन्तरले जितेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/villarreal/2020/01/30/5e32c7a1ca474126638b45f3.html|title=Oficial: el Villarreal ficha a Paco Alcácer por 25 millones de euros|trans-title=Official: Villarreal sign Paco Alcácer for 25 million euros|newspaper=Marca|first=Víctor|last=Franch|language=स्पेनी|date=30 January 2020|accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/primera-division/cronica/2020/02/02/5e37015546163f5c218b45ed.html|title=El submarino de Alcácer asoma por Europa|trans-title=Alcácer's submarine nears Europe|newspaper=Marca|first=Enrique|last=Bernaola|language=स्पेनी|date=2 February 2020|accessdate=2 February 2020}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कार्यकाल == [[File:Paco Alcácer (cropped).jpg|thumb|सन् २०१२ मा आलकासेर]] आल्कासेरले सन् २००९ मा स्पेन १६ वर्ष मुनीको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल कार्यकालको सुरुवात गरेका थिए भने उनले सन् २०१० मा आयोजित युइएफए युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिपमा स्पेन १७ वर्ष मुनीको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेन्ने मौका प्राप्त गरेका थिए जहाँ उनले भालेन्सियामा कार्यरत स्पेनका एक फुटबल खेलाडी जुआन बार्नेटका साथ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/history/season=2010/index.html|title=England end wait in style|publisher=UEFA|first=Paul|last=Saffer|date=2010|accessdate=20 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sefutbol.com/en/these-are-players-called-matches-against-france-and-macedonia|title=These are the players called up for the matches against France and Macedonia|publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation|date=29 August 2014|accessdate=5 September 2014|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831194953/http://www.sefutbol.com/en/these-are-players-called-matches-against-france-and-macedonia|archive-date=31 August 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831194953/http://www.sefutbol.com/en/these-are-players-called-matches-against-france-and-macedonia |date=31 August 2014 }}</ref> उक्त प्रतियोगितामा उनले सर्वाधिक ६ गोल गर्दै सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ताको रूपमा पुरस्कृत हुन सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/29047046|title=France 1–0 Spain|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 September 2014|accessdate=5 September 2014}}</ref> सन् २०११ र सन् २०१२ मा स्पेन १९ वर्ष मुनीको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीले युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिप जित्न सफल भएको थियो जहाँ उनी पनि स्पेन १९ वर्ष मुनीको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीमा समावेश भएका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2748370/Spain-4-1-Macedonia-David-Silva-stars-reigning-champions-Euro-2016-qualifying-campaign-winning-start.html|title=Spain 5–1 Macedonia: David Silva stars as reigning champions get their Euro 2016 qualifying campaign off to a winning start|newspaper=Daily Mail|first=Pete|last=Jenson|date=8 September 2014|accessdate=8 September 2014}}</ref> सन् २०१४ मा आलकासेरले स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका पदोन्नति भएको थियो भने त्यसपछि उनले विभिन्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलहरूमा स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै सहभागीता जनाउन सुरु गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/qualifiers/season=2016/matches/round=2000446/match=2013842/postmatch/report/index.html|title=Slovakia's Stoch strikes late to end Spain run|publisher=UEFA|first=Graham|last=Hunter|date=9 October 2014|accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> सन् २०१४ अगष्ट २९ का दिन तात्कालिक स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका प्रशिक्षक भिसेन्ते देल बोस्केले उनलाई स्पेस राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीमा समावेश गराएका थिए भने ४ सेप्टेम्बरमा स्पेन र फ्रान्स बीचको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा डिएको कोस्टालाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै उनी उक्त खेलको अग्रपङ्क्तिको रूपमा मैदान उत्रिएका थिए तर उक्त खेल फ्रान्सले १-० गोल अन्तरले जितेको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/qualifiers/season=2016/matches/round=2000446/match=2014032/index.html|title=Champions Spain through after Luxembourg stroll|publisher=UEFA|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=10 October 2015}}</ref> कोस्टालाई खेलका क्रममा चोट लागेपछि उनी उनको ठाउँमा आएका थिए भने सन् २०१६ को युएएफए युरो कप छनोट खेलमा उनले स्पेनको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै टोलीमा समावेश हुने मौका प्राप्त गरेका थिए जुन खेलमा उनले म्यासेडोनियाको विरुद्ध गोल गरेका थिए जसको फलस्वरूप स्पेनले म्यासेडोनियालाई ५-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34496764|title=Euro 2016 draw: Guide to the 24 finalists in France|publisher=BBC Sport|date=12 October 2015|accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/17/diego-costa-juan-mata-spain-euro-2016-squad|title=Diego Costa and Juan Mata left out of Spain's provisional Euro 2016 squad|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 May 2016|accessdate=17 May 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१६ युएएफई युरो कपको छनोट खेलमा उनले खेलको पहिलो हाफमा मोरातालाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै मैदान उत्रिएका थिए जहाँ दुई गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए जसको फलस्वरूप स्पेनले लक्जेम्बोर्गलाई ४-० गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/spain/story/3656919/barcelonas-jordi-alba-overlooked-for-spain-squad-for-sporting-reasons-luis-enrique|title=Barcelona's Jordi Alba overlooked for Spain squad for 'sporting reasons' – Luis Enrique|publisher=ESPN|first=Adriana|last=Garcia|date=4 October 2018|accessdate=4 October 2018}}</ref> उनले उक्त प्रतियोगिताका लागि छनोट खेलका स्पेनको तर्फबाट कुल ५ गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए जुन स्पेनी खेलाडीद्वारा गरिएको सर्वाधिक गोल थियो। ११ अक्टोबर २०१८ का दिन वेल्सको कार्डिफ सहर अन्तर्गतको मिलिनियम रङ्गशालामा आलकासेरले स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै वेल्स विरुद्ध एक मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा समावेश भएका थिए जहाँ उनले उक्त खेलमा एक गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/report?gameId=510031|title=Paco Alcacer scores twice as dominant Spain demolish Wales in Cardiff|publisher=ESPN|date=11 October 2018|accessdate=11 October 2018}}</ref> ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ मा सन् २०२० युइएफए युरो कपको छनोट खेलमा उनले स्पेनको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै रोमानिया विरुद्ध एक गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उक्त खेल स्पेनले २-१ गोल अन्तर जित्न सफल भएको थियो भने सन् २०१९ सेप्टेम्बर ९ का दिन आयोजित युरो कप छनोट खेलमा पनि उनले फारोई टापु विरुद्ध गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=505518|title=Raheem Sterling, Marcus Rashford score as England stun Spain in UEFA Nations League|publisher=ESPN|date=15 October 2018|accessdate=15 October 2018}}</ref> == कार्यकाल तथ्याङ्क == ===क्लब=== {{updated|८ मार्च २०२०}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/francisco-alcacer-garcia/164611/|title=Paco Alcácer|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=10 March 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|क्लब !rowspan="2"|संस्करण !colspan="3"|लिग !colspan="2"|कप !colspan="2"|महादेशिय !colspan="2"|अन्य !colspan="2"|जम्मा |- ! दिभिजन !उपस्थिति!!गोलहरू!!उपस्थिति!!गोलहरू!!उपस्थिति!!गोलहरू!!उपस्थिति!!गोलहरू!!उपस्थिति!!गोलहरू |- |rowspan="4" valign="center"| भालेन्सिया बि |[[2009–10 Segunda División B#Group 3|२००९–१०]] |सेगुन्दा दिभिजन बि |१५||३||colspan=2|–||colspan=2|–||colspan=2|–||१५||३ |- |[[2010–11 Tercera División#Group VI - Valencian Community|२०१०–११]] |तेरसेरा दिभिजन |२५||२७||colspan=2|–||colspan=2|–||२||१||२७||२८ |- |[[2011–12 Segunda División B#Group 3|२०११–१२]] |सेगुन्दा दिभिजन बि |२४||१२||colspan=2|–||colspan=2|–||colspan=2|–||२४||१२ |- !colspan="2"|जम्मा !६४!!४२!!colspan=2|–!!colspan=2|–!!२!!१!!६६!!४३ |- |rowspan="7"|भालेन्सिया सेएफ |[[२०१०–११ भालेन्सिया सेएफ संस्करण|२०१०–११]] |rowspan="6"|[[ला लिगा]] |०||०||१||०||०||०||colspan="2"|—||१||० |- |[[२०११–१२ भालेन्सिया सेएफ संस्करण|२०११–१२]] |३||०||०||०||०||०||colspan="2"|—||३||० |- |[[२०१३–१४ भालेन्सिया सिएफ संस्करण|२०१३–१४]] |२३||६||३||१||११||७||colspan="2"|—||३७||१४ |- |[[२०१४–१५ भालेन्सिया सिएफ संस्करण|२०१४–१५]] |३२||११||४||३||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||२६||१४ |- |[[२०१५–१६ भालेन्सिया सिएफ संस्करण|२०१५–१६]] |३४||१३||३||२||९||०||colspan="2"|—||४६||१५ |- |[[२०१६–१७ भालेन्सिया सिएफ संस्करण|२०१६–१७]] |१||०||०||०||०||०||colspan="2"|—||१||० |- !colspan="2"|जम्मा !९३!!३०!!११!!६!!२०!!७!!colspan="2"|—!!१२४!!४३ |- |[[हेताफे सिएफ|हेताफे]] (ऋण) |[[२०१२–१३ हेताफे सिएफ संस्करण|२०१२–१३]] |ला लिगा |२०||३||३||१||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||२३||४ |- |rowspan="3"|[[एफसे बार्सेलोना]] |[[२०१६–१७ एफसे बार्सेलोना संस्करण|२०१६–१७]] |rowspan="2"|ला लिगा |२०||६||४||२||३||०||०||०||२७||८ |- |[[२०१७–१८ एफसी बार्सेलोना|२०१७–१८]] |१७||४||३||२||२||१||१||०||२३||७ |- !colspan="2"|जम्मा !३७!!१०!!७!!४!!५!!१!!१!!०!!५०!!१५ |- |[[बोरुसिया डोर्टमुन्ड|बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड]] (ऋण) | rowspan="2" |[[२०१८–१९ बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड संस्करण|२०१८–१९]] |rowspan=3|[[बुन्डेसलिगा]] |१४||१२||०||०||४||१||colspan="2"|—||१८||१३ |- |rowspan=3|[[बोरुसिया डोर्टमुन्ड|बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड]] |१२||६||१||०||१||०||colspan="2"|—||१४||६ |- |[[२०१९–२० बोरूसिया डर्टमन्ड संस्करण|२०१९–२०]] |११||५||१||१||१||०||१||१||१४||७ |- !colspan="2"|जम्मा !३७!!२३!!२!!१!!६!!१!!१||१!!४६!!२६ |- |[[बिलारेआल सेएफ|बिलारेआल]] |[[२०१९–२० बिलारेआल सेएफ संस्करण|२०१९–२०]] |ला लिगा |६||२||१||०||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||७||२ |- ! colspan="3" | कार्यकाल जम्मा !२५७!!११०!!२४!!१२!!३२!!९!!४!!२!!३१४!!१३३ |} {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ===अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय=== {{updated|१८ नोभेम्बर २०१९}}<ref name=EU>{{cite web|url=http://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=28794|title=Paco Alcácer|publisher=European Football|accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan="3" |[[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|स्पेन]] |- !वर्ष!!उपस्थिति!!गोलहरू |- |२०१४||५||३ |- |२०१५||६||३ |- |२०१६||२||० |- |२०१७||०||० |- |२०१८||२||३ |- |२०१९||४||३ |- !जम्मा||१९||१२ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{commonscat|Paco Alcácer|पाको आलकासेर}} *[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2017-2018/paco-alcacer एफसी बार्सिलोनामा प्रोफाइल ] *[http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugador?player=818 अल्कासरको बाल्यकाल र जीवनी] {{es icon}} *{{NFT player|pid=56853}} *{{FIFA player|314279}} [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:स्पेनका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९९३ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ला लिगा खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरू]] jvgx60sivyo2uqm20dmkox7fbumhfso 0 100538 1368404 1368110 2026-08-04T03:58:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Match programme cover | event = [[२००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] | team1 = [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] | team1association = {{flagicon|GER|size=30px}} | team1score = १ | team2 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] | team2association = {{flagicon|ESP|size=30px}} | team2score = २ | date = १५ मे २००२ | stadium = हाम्प्डेन पार्क | city = ग्लाज्गो<ref name="hampdenpark">{{cite news |first=सिन |last=स्मिथ|title=ग्लास्गो |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/champions_league/1984838.stm |work=बिबिसी स्पोर्ट्स |publisher=बिबिसी |date=13 May 2002 |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}</ref> | man_of_the_match1a = [[जिनेदीन जिदेन]] (रियल म्याड्रिड)<ref name="attendance"/> | referee = युर्स मियर ([[स्विट्जरल्यान्ड]])<ref name="ursmeier">{{cite journal |first=म्याथ्युज |last=लिन्ड्से |title=Meier the man for job |journal=इभिनिङ टाइम्स |date=13 May 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages=52 |publisher=ProQuest Archiver |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> | attendance = ५०,४९९<ref name="attendance">{{cite book |year=2017 |chapter=2. Finals |chapter-url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/89/2285689_DOWNLOAD.pdf |chapter-format=पिडिएफ |title=युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगको तथ्याङ्क |location= नियोन , स्विजरल्यान्ड|publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |page=1 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> | weather = हल्का बादल, <br />{{convert|15|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGPF/2002/5/15/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|title=मैसमको इतिहास|website=www.wunderground.com}}</ref> | previous = [[२००१ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००१]] | next = [[२००३ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००३]] }} '''२००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल''' २००१-२००२ च्याम्पियन्स लिग सिजनको अन्तिम खेल थियो । यो खेला स्विट्जरल्यान्डको ग्लाज्गो सहरमा अवस्थित हम्प्डेन पार्कमा भएको थियो । यो फाइनल खेलमा जर्मनीको बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन र स्पेनी क्लब रियल म्याड्रिड बिच भएको थियो । यो खेल १५ जुन २००२ मा भएको थियो जसमा रियल म्याड्रिड लिभरकुसेनलाई २ को बिरुद्ध १ गोल अन्तरले हराएको थियो । ==खेलको तथ्याङ्क== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+पहिलो हाप<ref name="half time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_hr.pdf |title= पहिलो आधा समयको तथ्याङ्क |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> |-पहिलो !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोलहरू || १ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || ५ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेको सटहरू || ३ || ३ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ४२% || ५८% |- |कर्नक किक || ३ || १ |- |फल || ८ ||१९ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || २ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+दोश्रो हाप<ref name="full time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_fr.pdf |title=फुट टाइम रिपोर्ट |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> |- दोस्रो हाप !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोल || ० || ० |- |जम्मा सट || ८ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ३ || ४ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ५४% || ४६% |- |कर्नर किक || ३ || ४ |- |फल || ९ || २५ |- |अफसाइड || ० || ० |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+सबै !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर ०४ लिभरमुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेको गोल ||१ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || १३ || १२ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ६ || ९ |- |Ball possession || ४८% || ५२% |- |कर्नर किक || ६ || ५ |- |फल || १७ || ४४ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || ३ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || २ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-end}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20020606170756/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/INDEX.html २००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग ] युइएफएमा [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगका फाइनलहरू]] sb2l7nu4q8cgat7ihfrwauttqceoif5 1 105020 1368374 733385 2026-08-03T16:09:43Z ~2026-42879-43 80115 1368374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} expain all things about this story [[विशेष:Contributions/&#126;2026-42879-43|&#126;2026-42879-43]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:&#126;2026-42879-43|वार्तालाप]]) २१:५४, ३ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) oh6yjqhtusfuz2xwj9ve7mksn8qxuws 0 118618 1368407 1137478 2026-08-04T05:20:35Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[आठ-हजारी]] पृष्ठलाई [[आठ हजारी]]मा सारियो 1137478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''आठ हजारीको''' अर्थ समुद्र सतहबाट ८००० मिटर भन्दा अग्लो [[पहाड|पहाडहरू]] भन्ने हुन्छ । विश्वमा ८,००० मिटर (२६,२४७ फिट) भन्दा बढी उचाईका कुल १४ वटा हिमालहरु अवस्थित छन् । ती सबै [[एसिया|एशियाको]] [[हिमालय]] र [[काराकोरम|काराकोरम पर्वत]] [[हिमालय|श्रृंखलाहरूमा]] अवस्थित छन्। अल्बर्ट एफ. मम्मेरी र जे. नरम्यान कोली मिलेर काश्मिर क्षेत्र (हाल पाकिस्तान) को नाङ्गो पर्वतमा सन १८९५ मा ८,००० मिटरमाथिको हिमाल आरोहणको पहिलो रेकर्ड बनाएका थिए । तर, दुर्भाग्य, आरोहणकै समयमा हिमपहिरोमा परी मम्मेरी तथा दुई गोर्खाली रघुविर र गोमन सिंहको मृत्यु भएपछि यो अभियान असफल भयो । ८,००० मिटरमाथिको हिमाल आरोहणको पहिलो सफल अभिलेख मौरिस हर्जोग र लुइस लाचेनले बनाएका थिए । उनीहरुले सन १९५० जुन ३ का दिन अन्नपूर्ण शिखरको चुचुरो चुमेका थिए । {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Eight-thousanders}} [[श्रेणी:हिमालहरू]] ngxrd02i3udqum6fyil24hcydpg3cdr 0 122517 1368373 1207509 2026-08-03T15:58:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tunnel |name=पीर पञ्जाल रेलवे सुरुङ<br><small>Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel</small> |character= |height= |lowelevation= |hielevation= |speed=75 किमी/घण्टा (47 मील/घण्टा) सम्म |el= |gauge={{track gauge|1676 mm}} ([[ब्रॉड गेज]]) |notrack=एक पटरी |tracklength= |linelength={{convert|11.21|km|abbr=on}} |length= |construction= |traffic=[[रेल]] |image=Pir panjal tunnel.jpg |operator=[[भारतीय रेल]] |owner=[[भारतीय रेल]] |startwork= |stations= |end=हिल्लर शाहाबाद |start=[[बनिहाल]] |status=चालू |system= |coordinates= |location=[[जम्मु र कश्मीर]]<br>{{IND}} |line=जम्मू तवी - उधमपुर - श्रीनगर - बारामूला रेल लिंक |caption=पीर पंजाल रेल सुरुङ |grade= }} '''पीर पञ्जाल  रेलवे सुरुङ''' (Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel) वा '''रेल सुरुङ''' (Banihal railway tunnel) एक ११,२१५ मी (७-माइल) लामो रेल '''सुरुङ''' को [[भारत]] को [[जम्मु र कश्मीर|जम्मू र कश्मीर]] राज्य को बनिहाल शहर को उत्तर मा [[हिमालय]] को "पीर पंजाल पर्वतमाला" बाट निकल्छ। यसको निर्माण २७ जून २०१३ मा सम्पन्न भयो र यसमा रेल सेवा २ २७ जून २०१३ मा सुरु भयो। यो सुरुङ भारत मा पहिलो सुरुङ अस्ट्रिया को भूवैज्ञानिक टेक्नोलोजी र माटो विज्ञान बाट बनेको हो। पीर पञ्जाल लम्बाई को आधार मा एशिया मा चौथो सबैभन्दा लामो सुरुङ हो। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/engineering-marvels-in-india/|title=10 Spectacular Projects In India That Are Nothing Short Of Engineering Marvels|last=Katariya|first=Meenu|date=2018-04-23|website=www.scoopwhoop.com|language=English|accessdate=2020-01-10}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021015925/https://www.scoopwhoop.com/engineering-marvels-in-india/ |date=2020-10-21 }}</ref> उत्तरी घर <small>{{Coord|33.5617942|75.1988626|scale:500000|display=inline}}</small> " E / 33.5617942 ° N 75.1988626 ° E / 33.5617942 को सुरुङ; <small>{{Coord|33.5617942|75.1988626|scale:500000|display=inline}}</small> [[भौगोलिक निर्देशाङ्क प्रणाली|निर्देशांक]] र दक्षिणी गृह <small>{{Coord|33.463203|75.193992|scale:500000|display=inline}}</small> " E / 33.463203 ° N 75.193992 ° E / 33.463203; <small>{{Coord|33.463203|75.193992|scale:500000|display=inline}}</small> निर्देशांक 75,193992। ११.२१५ किलोमिटर लामो सुरुङको औसत उचाइ १,७६० मिटर (५,७७० फीट) छ, जुन पहिले नै सडक मा स्थित जवाहर सुरुङ बाट लगभग तल ४४० मिटर (१,४४० फिट) तल छ। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://usbrl.org/aboutus.php|title=J & K Project Brief|last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=|website=usbrl.org|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304222714/http://usbrl.org/aboutus.php|archivedate=4 मार्च 2017|accessdate=|quote=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304222714/http://usbrl.org/aboutus.php |date=2017-03-04 }}</ref> सुरुङ ८..४० मिटर चौडा र ७.३९ मिटर अग्लो छ। यसमा रेल ट्रयाक संग ३ मिटर चौडा सडक पनि छ, जसमा सवारी साधनहरु लाई रेल ट्रयाक को ख्याल राख्न र सुरुङ भित्र आपतकालीन सहायता प्रदान गर्न को लागी चलाउन सकिन्छ, यदि आवश्यक भएमा। यो भारत मा सबैभन्दा लामो रेल सुरुङ र [[एसिया|एशिया मा चौथो सबैभन्दा लामो सुरुङ हो।]] [[जापान|जापानको]] ५३.८५ किलोमिटर लामो सिकान सुरुङ, चीनको २८ किलोमिटर लामो ताइहांग सुरुङ र चीनको २१ किलोमिटर लामो लुलियांगशान सुरुङ (Luliangshan Tunnel) यसभन्दा लामो छ। औसत गति मा पीर पञ्जाल रेल सुरुङबाट यो एक ट्रेन निस्कन 9 मिनेट 30 सेकेन्ड लाग्छ। <ref name="TOI">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-14/india/30278754_1_jawahar-tunnel-tunnel-excavation-baramulla|title=India's longest railway tunnel unveiled in Jammu & Kashmir|date=14 October 2011|access-date=14 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062640/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-14/india/30278754_1_jawahar-tunnel-tunnel-excavation-baramulla|archive-date=3 दिसंबर 2013|publisher=The Times of India}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629075419/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-14/india/30278754_1_jawahar-tunnel-tunnel-excavation-baramulla |date=2013-06-29 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=Ne130811RAILWAYS.asp|title=Railways’ Himalayan Blunder|date=13 Aug 2011|publisher=Tehelka Magazine, Vol 8, Issue 32|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120919191538/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=Ne130811RAILWAYS.asp|archivedate=19 सितंबर 2012|accessdate=4 अप्रैल 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120919191538/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=Ne130811RAILWAYS.asp |date=19 September 2012 }}</ref> == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * जम्मू-बारामुल्ला रेलमार्ग * जवाहर टनेल * पीर Panjal पर्वतमाला * जवाहर टनेल * बनिहाल काजीगुण्ड रोड टनेल * नन्दिनी सुरुङहरु == सन्दर्भ == {{Reflist}} e6m6sh6l3lydswwcx7do435c6rkxme3 0 127023 1368396 1349722 2026-08-04T03:29:18Z ~2026-43009-39 80118 1368396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = महाराजा | realm = संयुक्त अधिराज्य<!--Please do not add "of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"; it was "Great Britain" only from 1707 and "Great Britain and Ireland" from 1801--> | coatofarms = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, both variants).svg | coatofarms_size = 200 | coatofarms_article = संयुक्त अधिराज्यको शाही कुलचिह्न{{!}}शाही कुलचिह्न | image = Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg | incumbent = [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] | incumbentsince = सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ | style = [[महामहिम]] | heir_apparent = [[वेल्सका राजकुमार विलियम]] | first_monarch = <!--Please do not complete this field as there is a dispute as to whether James I, Anne or George III is the first UK monarch--> | date = <!--See above--> | residence = [[बकिङ्घम राजदरबार|शाही निवासहरूको]] [[ब्रिटेनको शाही निवासहरूको सूची|सूची]] | appointer = [[वंशानुक्रम]] | website = {{URL|royal.uk}} }} '''ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र''' ({{lang-en|British Monarchy}}, '''ब्रिटिस मोनार्की''') ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र उत्तरी आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संवैधानिक [[राजतन्त्र]] हो। बेलायती [[राजतन्त्र|एकाधिकार]]ले संयुक्त अधिराज्यसहित कुल १५ राष्ट्रमण्डल क्षेत्रहरू, राजमुकुट निर्भरता र [[बेलायती समुद्रपार क्षेत्रहरू|विदेशी क्षेत्र]]हरूको मुकुट धारण गर्ने एकाधिकारवादी सार्वभौमसत्ता भएको विशिष्टता छ। [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]]को मृत्युपछि बेलायती राजतन्त्रको वर्तमान शासक महाराजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ देखि राजगद्दीको अधिकारी भएका छन्। सार्वभौम र त्यस्को नजिकको पारिवारिक सदस्यहरूले देशका विभिन्न आधिकारिक, औपचारिक र प्रतिनिधि कार्यहरू गर्छन्। शासक रानी/राजालाई सैद्धान्तिक रूपमा संवैधानिक शासकको अधिकार दिइएको छ तर शताब्दी पुरानो सामान्य कानूनको कारणले, सार्वभौमहरूले आफ्नो अधिकांश शक्तिहरू [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संसद|संसद]] र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार|सरकार]]को निर्दिष्टता अनुसार मात्र प्रयोग गर्न बाध्य छन्।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pegg |first=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |date=7 Feb 2021 |title=Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth |publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/07/revealed-queen-lobbied-for-change-in-law-to-hide-her-private-wealth |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref> यस कारणले गर्दा यो वास्तवमा संसदीय राजतन्त्र मानिन्छ। संसदीय शासक भएकाले शासकको प्रायःजसो अधिकार निष्पक्ष र गैरराजनीतिक कार्यमा सीमित हुन्छन्। सम्राटहरू, शासकहरू र राज्यका प्रमुखहरूको रूपमा, तिनीहरूले आफ्नो संवैधानिक शासन र राजनीतिक शक्तिहरूको प्रयोग सरकार र तिनीहरूका मन्त्रीहरूको सल्लाह र विशिष्टतामा मात्र गर्छन्। परम्परा अनुसार, शासकहरू ब्रिटिस सशस्त्र सेनाका अधिपति हुन्। यद्यपि, सार्वभौमका सबै कार्यकारी शक्तिहरू शासकको शाही अधिकारद्वारा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सन् १००० ताका इङ्ल्यान्ड र स्कटल्यान्ड राज्यहरूमा धेरै साना प्रारम्भिक मध्ययुगीन राज्यहरूको विकास भएको थियो। यस क्षेत्रको एङ्लो-स्याक्सन प्रभुत्व सन् १०६६ मा इङ्ल्यान्डमाथि नर्मनको विजयको समयमा समाप्त भएको थियो, जब अन्तिम एङ्लो-स्याक्सन राजा हेराल्ड द्वितीयको मृत्यु भयो र अङ्ग्रेजी शक्ति विजयी सेनाको नेता विलियम द कङ्करर र उनका वंशजहरूको हातमा गएको थियो। १३औँ शताब्दीमा इङ्ल्यान्डले वेल्सको रियासतलाई अवशोषित गरेर [[म्याग्ना कार्टा]]द्वारा सार्वभौमको क्रमशः उन्मुक्तिको प्रक्रिया सुरु भएको थियो। सन् १६०३ मा, स्कटल्यान्डको राजा जेम्स चौथौले जेम्स प्रथमको रूपमा अङ्ग्रेजी सिंहासनमा आसीन भएका थिए जसले दुई राज्यहरूलाई व्यक्तिगत सङ्घमा ल्याएको थियो। सन् १६४९ देखि सन् १६६० सम्म त्यहाँ अङ्ग्रेजी राष्ट्रमण्डल भनेर चिनिने क्षणिक गणतन्त्र अवधि रह्यो जुन तीन राज्यहरूको युद्धपछि अस्तित्वमा आएको थियो तर सन् १६६० पछि राजतन्त्र पुनर्स्थापित भएको थियो। सन् १७०७ मा परिवर्तित सेटलमेन्ट ऐन, १७०१ लागू भएपछि क्याथोलिकहरू र क्याथोलिक व्यक्तिसँग विवाह गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य कब्जा गर्नबाट वञ्चित गर्दछ। सन् १७०७ मा अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजतन्त्रहरूको विलयले ग्रेट ब्रिटेनमा राजतन्त्र स्थापना हुनुका साथै अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजमुकुटको विलय र एक संयुक्त 'ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र' स्थापना भएको थियो। आयरिसेली राजतन्त्र सन् १८०१ मा ग्रेट ब्रिटेन राजशाहीसँग सामेल भएपछि ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य स्थापना भएको थियो। == संवैधानिक पद, काम र अधिकार == [[चित्र:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg/220px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|right|thumb| अङ्ग्रेजी [[बिल अफ राइट्स, १६८९]], जसले सम्राटको शासित शक्तिहरूलाई पर्याप्त रूपमा सुदृढ बनाएको थियो।]] बेलायतको राजतन्त्रात्मक प्रणालीमा राजा/रानी (सार्वभौम) लाई राज्यको [[राष्ट्रप्रमुख|प्रमुखको]] हैसियत दिइएको छ। हजारौं वर्षको अवधिमा क्रमशः विकसित र परिवर्तन हुँदै आएको बेलायती राजनीतिक प्रणालीमा शासकका परम्परागत र वास्तविक शक्तिहरू उतारचढाव भएका छन्।<ref>e.g. [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw8and1Geo6/1/16/enacted Regency Act 1937, c.{{nbsp}}11]. ''legislation.co.uk''. National Archives.</ref> ब्रिटिस राजनीतिक अवधारणामा ब्रिटिस सार्वभौमलाई [[राजमुकुट]]को मानव अवतारको रूपमा मानिन्छ, अर्थात् उनी सम्पूर्ण राज्य र सम्पूर्ण राजतन्त्रको सबै अधिकारको अन्तिम स्रोत हुन् र बेलायतमा शासन गर्ने अधिकार अन्ततः ब्रिटिस सार्वभौममा निहित रहेको छ। तसर्थ, [[न्यायाधीश]], सांसद र सबै मन्त्रीहरू सहित सबै सरकारी अधिकारी र कर्मचारीहरू सार्वभौमसत्ताको साथसाथै आधिकारिक नियोक्ता र कार्यकारी अधिकार प्रदायक हुन्। यसको साथै निष्ठाको शपथ महारानी (वा महाराज) प्रति लिने गरिन्छ र सबै संसदीय ऐन कानुनी हुनको लागि शाही स्वीकृति लिनु अनिवार्य रहेको छ। संयुक्त अधिराज्यको राष्ट्रिय गान '[[गड सेभ द किङ|गड सेभ द किङ]]' (हे भगवान, हाम्रो राजाको रक्षा गर्नुहोस्) हो।<ref>{{Citation |title=Symbols of the Monarchy: National Anthem |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902162152/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |publisher=Official website of the British Monarchy |access-date=18 June 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2014}}</ref> यसबाहेक सबै हुलाक टिकट, सिक्का र मुद्रा नोटहरूमा शासकको छवि कुँदिएको छ। === संवैधानिक भूमिका === ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:वेस्टमिन्स्टर प्रणाली]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रमण्डल राष्ट्रहरू]] 5h8aislrldk1uc5cqy1yd5uu4yckrk5 1368398 1368396 2026-08-04T03:35:24Z ~2026-43009-39 80118 1368398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = महाराजा | realm = संयुक्त अधिराज्य<!--Please do not add "of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"; it was "Great Britain" only from 1707 and "Great Britain and Ireland" from 1801--> | coatofarms = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, both variants).svg | coatofarms_size = 200 | coatofarms_article = संयुक्त अधिराज्यको शाही कुलचिह्न{{!}}शाही कुलचिह्न | image = Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg | incumbent = [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] | incumbentsince = सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ | style = [[महामहिम]] | heir_apparent = [[वेल्सका राजकुमार विलियम]] | first_monarch = <!--Please do not complete this field as there is a dispute as to whether James I, Anne or George III is the first UK monarch--> | date = <!--See above--> | residence = [[बकिङ्घम राजदरबार|शाही निवासहरूको]] [[ब्रिटेनको शाही निवासहरूको सूची|सूची]] | appointer = [[वंशानुक्रम]] | website = {{URL|royal.uk}} }} '''ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र''' ({{lang-en|British Monarchy}}, '''ब्रिटिस मोनार्की''') ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र उत्तरी आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संवैधानिक [[राजतन्त्र]] हो। बेलायती [[राजतन्त्र|एकाधिकार]]ले संयुक्त अधिराज्यसहित कुल १५ राष्ट्रमण्डल क्षेत्रहरू, राजमुकुट निर्भरता र [[बेलायती समुद्रपार क्षेत्रहरू|विदेशी क्षेत्र]]हरूको मुकुट धारण गर्ने एकाधिकारवादी सार्वभौमसत्ता भएको विशिष्टता छ। [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]]को मृत्युपछि बेलायती राजतन्त्रको वर्तमान शासक महाराजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ देखि राजगद्दीको अधिकारी भएका छन्। सार्वभौम र त्यस्को नजिकको पारिवारिक सदस्यहरूले देशका विभिन्न आधिकारिक, औपचारिक र प्रतिनिधि कार्यहरू गर्छन्। शासक रानी/राजालाई सैद्धान्तिक रूपमा संवैधानिक शासकको अधिकार दिइएको छ तर शताब्दी पुरानो सामान्य कानूनको कारणले, सार्वभौमहरूले आफ्नो अधिकांश शक्तिहरू [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संसद|संसद]] र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार|सरकार]]को निर्दिष्टता अनुसार मात्र प्रयोग गर्न बाध्य छन्।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pegg |first=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |date=7 Feb 2021 |title=Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth |publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/07/revealed-queen-lobbied-for-change-in-law-to-hide-her-private-wealth |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref> यस कारणले गर्दा यो वास्तवमा संसदीय राजतन्त्र मानिन्छ। संसदीय शासक भएकाले शासकको प्रायःजसो अधिकार निष्पक्ष र गैरराजनीतिक कार्यमा सीमित हुन्छन्। सम्राटहरू, शासकहरू र राज्यका प्रमुखहरूको रूपमा, तिनीहरूले आफ्नो संवैधानिक शासन र राजनीतिक शक्तिहरूको प्रयोग सरकार र तिनीहरूका मन्त्रीहरूको सल्लाह र विशिष्टतामा मात्र गर्छन्। परम्परा अनुसार, शासकहरू बेलायती सशस्त्र सेनाका अधिपति हुन्। यद्यपि, सार्वभौमका सबै कार्यकारी शक्तिहरू शासकको शाही अधिकारद्वारा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सन् १००० ताका इङ्ल्यान्ड र स्कटल्यान्ड राज्यहरूमा धेरै साना प्रारम्भिक मध्ययुगीन राज्यहरूको विकास भएको थियो। यस क्षेत्रको एङ्लो-स्याक्सन प्रभुत्व सन् १०६६ मा इङ्ल्यान्डमाथि नर्मनको विजयको समयमा समाप्त भएको थियो, जब अन्तिम एङ्लो-स्याक्सन राजा हेराल्ड द्वितीयको मृत्यु भयो र अङ्ग्रेजी शक्ति विजयी सेनाको नेता विलियम द कङ्करर र उनका वंशजहरूको हातमा गएको थियो। १३औँ शताब्दीमा इङ्ल्यान्डले वेल्सको रियासतलाई अवशोषित गरेर [[म्याग्ना कार्टा]]द्वारा सार्वभौमको क्रमशः उन्मुक्तिको प्रक्रिया सुरु भएको थियो। सन् १६०३ मा, स्कटल्यान्डको राजा जेम्स चौथौले जेम्स प्रथमको रूपमा अङ्ग्रेजी सिंहासनमा आसीन भएका थिए जसले दुई राज्यहरूलाई व्यक्तिगत सङ्घमा ल्याएको थियो। सन् १६४९ देखि सन् १६६० सम्म त्यहाँ अङ्ग्रेजी राष्ट्रमण्डल भनेर चिनिने क्षणिक गणतन्त्र अवधि रह्यो जुन तीन राज्यहरूको युद्धपछि अस्तित्वमा आएको थियो तर सन् १६६० पछि राजतन्त्र पुनर्स्थापित भएको थियो। सन् १७०७ मा परिवर्तित सेटलमेन्ट ऐन, १७०१ लागू भएपछि क्याथोलिकहरू र क्याथोलिक व्यक्तिसँग विवाह गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य कब्जा गर्नबाट वञ्चित गर्दछ। सन् १७०७ मा अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजतन्त्रहरूको विलयले ग्रेट ब्रिटेनमा राजतन्त्र स्थापना हुनुका साथै अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजमुकुटको विलय र एक संयुक्त 'ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र' स्थापना भएको थियो। आयरिसेली राजतन्त्र सन् १८०१ मा ग्रेट ब्रिटेन राजशाहीसँग सामेल भएपछि ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य स्थापना भएको थियो। == संवैधानिक पद, काम र अधिकार == [[चित्र:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg/220px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|right|thumb| अङ्ग्रेजी [[बिल अफ राइट्स, १६८९]], जसले सम्राटको शासित शक्तिहरूलाई पर्याप्त रूपमा सुदृढ बनाएको थियो।]] बेलायतको राजतन्त्रात्मक प्रणालीमा राजा/रानी (सार्वभौम) लाई राज्यको [[राष्ट्रप्रमुख|प्रमुखको]] हैसियत दिइएको छ। हजारौं वर्षको अवधिमा क्रमशः विकसित र परिवर्तन हुँदै आएको बेलायती राजनीतिक प्रणालीमा शासकका परम्परागत र वास्तविक शक्तिहरू उतारचढाव भएका छन्।<ref>e.g. [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw8and1Geo6/1/16/enacted Regency Act 1937, c.{{nbsp}}11]. ''legislation.co.uk''. National Archives.</ref> ब्रिटिस राजनीतिक अवधारणामा ब्रिटिस सार्वभौमलाई [[राजमुकुट]]को मानव अवतारको रूपमा मानिन्छ, अर्थात् उनी सम्पूर्ण राज्य र सम्पूर्ण राजतन्त्रको सबै अधिकारको अन्तिम स्रोत हुन् र बेलायतमा शासन गर्ने अधिकार अन्ततः ब्रिटिस सार्वभौममा निहित रहेको छ। तसर्थ, [[न्यायाधीश]], सांसद र सबै मन्त्रीहरू सहित सबै सरकारी अधिकारी र कर्मचारीहरू सार्वभौमसत्ताको साथसाथै आधिकारिक नियोक्ता र कार्यकारी अधिकार प्रदायक हुन्। यसको साथै निष्ठाको शपथ महारानी (वा महाराज) प्रति लिने गरिन्छ र सबै संसदीय ऐन कानुनी हुनको लागि शाही स्वीकृति लिनु अनिवार्य रहेको छ। संयुक्त अधिराज्यको राष्ट्रिय गान '[[गड सेभ द किङ|गड सेभ द किङ]]' (हे भगवान, हाम्रो राजाको रक्षा गर्नुहोस्) हो।<ref>{{Citation |title=Symbols of the Monarchy: National Anthem |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902162152/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |publisher=Official website of the British Monarchy |access-date=18 June 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2014}}</ref> यसबाहेक सबै हुलाक टिकट, सिक्का र मुद्रा नोटहरूमा शासकको छवि कुँदिएको छ। === संवैधानिक भूमिका === ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:वेस्टमिन्स्टर प्रणाली]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रमण्डल राष्ट्रहरू]] i8pex50ymjvc22brrfkso8avssu9370 1368399 1368398 2026-08-04T03:38:31Z ~2026-43009-39 80118 1368399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = महाराजा | realm = संयुक्त अधिराज्य<!--Please do not add "of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"; it was "Great Britain" only from 1707 and "Great Britain and Ireland" from 1801--> | coatofarms = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, both variants).svg | coatofarms_size = 200 | coatofarms_article = संयुक्त अधिराज्यको शाही कुलचिह्न{{!}}शाही कुलचिह्न | image = Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg | incumbent = [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] | incumbentsince = सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ | style = [[महामहिम]] | heir_apparent = [[वेल्सका राजकुमार विलियम]] | first_monarch = <!--Please do not complete this field as there is a dispute as to whether James I, Anne or George III is the first UK monarch--> | date = <!--See above--> | residence = [[बकिङ्घम राजदरबार|शाही निवासहरूको]] [[ब्रिटेनको शाही निवासहरूको सूची|सूची]] | appointer = [[वंशानुक्रम]] | website = {{URL|royal.uk}} }} '''ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र''' ({{lang-en|British Monarchy}}, '''ब्रिटिस मोनार्की''') ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र उत्तरी आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संवैधानिक [[राजतन्त्र]] हो। बेलायती [[राजतन्त्र|एकाधिकार]]ले संयुक्त अधिराज्यसहित कुल १५ राष्ट्रमण्डल क्षेत्रहरू, राजमुकुट निर्भरता र [[बेलायती समुद्रपार क्षेत्रहरू|विदेशी क्षेत्र]]हरूको मुकुट धारण गर्ने एकाधिकारवादी सार्वभौमसत्ता भएको विशिष्टता छ। [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]]को मृत्युपछि बेलायती राजतन्त्रको वर्तमान शासक महाराजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ देखि राजगद्दीको अधिकारी भएका छन्। सार्वभौम र त्यस्को नजिकको पारिवारिक सदस्यहरूले देशका विभिन्न आधिकारिक, औपचारिक र प्रतिनिधि कार्यहरू गर्छन्। शासक रानी/राजालाई सैद्धान्तिक रूपमा संवैधानिक शासकको अधिकार दिइएको छ तर शताब्दी पुरानो सामान्य कानूनको कारणले, सार्वभौमहरूले आफ्नो अधिकांश शक्तिहरू [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संसद|संसद]] र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार|सरकार]]को निर्दिष्टता अनुसार मात्र प्रयोग गर्न बाध्य छन्।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pegg |first=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |date=7 Feb 2021 |title=Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth |publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/07/revealed-queen-lobbied-for-change-in-law-to-hide-her-private-wealth |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref> यस कारणले गर्दा यो वास्तवमा संसदीय राजतन्त्र मानिन्छ। संसदीय शासक भएकाले शासकको प्रायःजसो अधिकार निष्पक्ष र गैरराजनीतिक कार्यमा सीमित हुन्छन्। सम्राटहरू, शासकहरू र राज्यका प्रमुखहरूको रूपमा, तिनीहरूले आफ्नो संवैधानिक शासन र राजनीतिक शक्तिहरूको प्रयोग सरकार र तिनीहरूका मन्त्रीहरूको सल्लाह र विशिष्टतामा मात्र गर्छन्। परम्परा अनुसार, शासकहरू बेलायती सशस्त्र सेनाका अधिपति हुन्। यद्यपि, सार्वभौमका सबै कार्यकारी शक्तिहरू शासकको शाही अधिकारद्वारा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सन् १००० ताका इङ्ल्यान्ड र स्कटल्यान्ड राज्यहरूमा धेरै साना प्रारम्भिक मध्ययुगीन राज्यहरूको विकास भएको थियो। यस क्षेत्रको एङ्लो-स्याक्सन प्रभुत्व सन् १०६६ मा इङ्ल्यान्डमाथि नर्मनको विजयको समयमा समाप्त भएको थियो, जब अन्तिम एङ्लो-स्याक्सन राजा हेराल्ड द्वितीयको मृत्यु भयो र अङ्ग्रेजी शक्ति विजयी सेनाको नेता विलियम द कङ्करर र उनका वंशजहरूको हातमा गएको थियो। १३औँ शताब्दीमा इङ्ल्यान्डले वेल्सको रियासतलाई अवशोषित गरेर [[म्याग्ना कार्टा]]द्वारा सार्वभौमको क्रमशः उन्मुक्तिको प्रक्रिया सुरु भएको थियो। सन् १६०३ मा, स्कटल्यान्डको राजा जेम्स चौथौले जेम्स प्रथमको रूपमा अङ्ग्रेजी सिंहासनमा आसीन भएका थिए जसले दुई राज्यहरूलाई व्यक्तिगत सङ्घमा ल्याएको थियो। सन् १६४९ देखि सन् १६६० सम्म त्यहाँ अङ्ग्रेजी राष्ट्रमण्डल भनेर चिनिने क्षणिक गणतन्त्र अवधि रह्यो जुन तीन राज्यहरूको युद्धपछि अस्तित्वमा आएको थियो तर सन् १६६० पछि राजतन्त्र पुनर्स्थापित भएको थियो। सन् १७०७ मा परिवर्तित सेटलमेन्ट ऐन, १७०१ लागू भएपछि क्याथोलिकहरू र क्याथोलिक व्यक्तिसँग विवाह गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई बेलायती साम्राज्य कब्जा गर्नबाट वञ्चित गर्दछ। सन् १७०७ मा अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजतन्त्रहरूको विलयले ग्रेट ब्रिटेनमा राजतन्त्र स्थापना हुनुका साथै अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजमुकुटको विलय र एक संयुक्त 'बेलायती राजतन्त्र' स्थापना भएको थियो। आयरिसेली राजतन्त्र सन् १८०१ मा ग्रेट ब्रिटेन राजशाहीसँग सामेल भएपछि ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य स्थापना भएको थियो। == संवैधानिक पद, काम र अधिकार == [[चित्र:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg/220px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|right|thumb| अङ्ग्रेजी [[बिल अफ राइट्स, १६८९]], जसले सम्राटको शासित शक्तिहरूलाई पर्याप्त रूपमा सुदृढ बनाएको थियो।]] बेलायतको राजतन्त्रात्मक प्रणालीमा राजा/रानी (सार्वभौम) लाई राज्यको [[राष्ट्रप्रमुख|प्रमुखको]] हैसियत दिइएको छ। हजारौं वर्षको अवधिमा क्रमशः विकसित र परिवर्तन हुँदै आएको बेलायती राजनीतिक प्रणालीमा शासकका परम्परागत र वास्तविक शक्तिहरू उतारचढाव भएका छन्।<ref>e.g. [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw8and1Geo6/1/16/enacted Regency Act 1937, c.{{nbsp}}11]. ''legislation.co.uk''. National Archives.</ref> ब्रिटिस राजनीतिक अवधारणामा ब्रिटिस सार्वभौमलाई [[राजमुकुट]]को मानव अवतारको रूपमा मानिन्छ, अर्थात् उनी सम्पूर्ण राज्य र सम्पूर्ण राजतन्त्रको सबै अधिकारको अन्तिम स्रोत हुन् र बेलायतमा शासन गर्ने अधिकार अन्ततः ब्रिटिस सार्वभौममा निहित रहेको छ। तसर्थ, [[न्यायाधीश]], सांसद र सबै मन्त्रीहरू सहित सबै सरकारी अधिकारी र कर्मचारीहरू सार्वभौमसत्ताको साथसाथै आधिकारिक नियोक्ता र कार्यकारी अधिकार प्रदायक हुन्। यसको साथै निष्ठाको शपथ महारानी (वा महाराज) प्रति लिने गरिन्छ र सबै संसदीय ऐन कानुनी हुनको लागि शाही स्वीकृति लिनु अनिवार्य रहेको छ। संयुक्त अधिराज्यको राष्ट्रिय गान '[[गड सेभ द किङ|गड सेभ द किङ]]' (हे भगवान, हाम्रो राजाको रक्षा गर्नुहोस्) हो।<ref>{{Citation |title=Symbols of the Monarchy: National Anthem |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902162152/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |publisher=Official website of the British Monarchy |access-date=18 June 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2014}}</ref> यसबाहेक सबै हुलाक टिकट, सिक्का र मुद्रा नोटहरूमा शासकको छवि कुँदिएको छ। === संवैधानिक भूमिका === ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:वेस्टमिन्स्टर प्रणाली]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रमण्डल राष्ट्रहरू]] l3n5fjboxzoexmywulbh8cxqjtrq9z9 1368400 1368399 2026-08-04T03:41:22Z ~2026-42792-31 80119 1368400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = महाराजा | realm = संयुक्त अधिराज्य<!--Please do not add "of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"; it was "Great Britain" only from 1707 and "Great Britain and Ireland" from 1801--> | coatofarms = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, both variants).svg | coatofarms_size = 200 | coatofarms_article = संयुक्त अधिराज्यको शाही कुलचिह्न{{!}}शाही कुलचिह्न | image = Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg | incumbent = [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] | incumbentsince = सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ | style = [[महामहिम]] | heir_apparent = [[वेल्सका राजकुमार विलियम]] | first_monarch = <!--Please do not complete this field as there is a dispute as to whether James I, Anne or George III is the first UK monarch--> | date = <!--See above--> | residence = [[बकिङ्घम राजदरबार|शाही निवासहरूको]] [[ब्रिटेनको शाही निवासहरूको सूची|सूची]] | appointer = [[वंशानुक्रम]] | website = {{URL|royal.uk}} }} '''ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र''' ({{lang-en|British Monarchy}}, '''ब्रिटिस मोनार्की''') ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र उत्तरी आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संवैधानिक [[राजतन्त्र]] हो। बेलायती [[राजतन्त्र|एकाधिकार]]ले संयुक्त अधिराज्यसहित कुल १५ राष्ट्रमण्डल क्षेत्रहरू, राजमुकुट निर्भरता र [[बेलायती समुद्रपार क्षेत्रहरू|विदेशी क्षेत्र]]हरूको मुकुट धारण गर्ने एकाधिकारवादी सार्वभौमसत्ता भएको विशिष्टता छ। [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]]को मृत्युपछि बेलायती राजतन्त्रको वर्तमान शासक महाराजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ देखि राजगद्दीको अधिकारी भएका छन्। सार्वभौम र त्यस्को नजिकको पारिवारिक सदस्यहरूले देशका विभिन्न आधिकारिक, औपचारिक र प्रतिनिधि कार्यहरू गर्छन्। शासक रानी/राजालाई सैद्धान्तिक रूपमा संवैधानिक शासकको अधिकार दिइएको छ तर शताब्दी पुरानो सामान्य कानूनको कारणले, सार्वभौमहरूले आफ्नो अधिकांश शक्तिहरू [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संसद|संसद]] र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार|सरकार]]को निर्दिष्टता अनुसार मात्र प्रयोग गर्न बाध्य छन्।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pegg |first=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |date=7 Feb 2021 |title=Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth |publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/07/revealed-queen-lobbied-for-change-in-law-to-hide-her-private-wealth |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref> यस कारणले गर्दा यो वास्तवमा संसदीय राजतन्त्र मानिन्छ। संसदीय शासक भएकाले शासकको प्रायःजसो अधिकार निष्पक्ष र गैरराजनीतिक कार्यमा सीमित हुन्छन्। सम्राटहरू, शासकहरू र राज्यका प्रमुखहरूको रूपमा, तिनीहरूले आफ्नो संवैधानिक शासन र राजनीतिक शक्तिहरूको प्रयोग सरकार र तिनीहरूका मन्त्रीहरूको सल्लाह र विशिष्टतामा मात्र गर्छन्। परम्परा अनुसार, शासकहरू बेलायती सशस्त्र सेनाका [[परमाधिपति]] हुन्। यद्यपि, सार्वभौमका सबै कार्यकारी शक्तिहरू शासकको शाही अधिकारद्वारा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सन् १००० ताका इङ्ल्यान्ड र स्कटल्यान्ड राज्यहरूमा धेरै साना प्रारम्भिक मध्ययुगीन राज्यहरूको विकास भएको थियो। यस क्षेत्रको एङ्लो-स्याक्सन प्रभुत्व सन् १०६६ मा इङ्ल्यान्डमाथि नर्मनको विजयको समयमा समाप्त भएको थियो, जब अन्तिम एङ्लो-स्याक्सन राजा हेराल्ड द्वितीयको मृत्यु भयो र अङ्ग्रेजी शक्ति विजयी सेनाको नेता विलियम द कङ्करर र उनका वंशजहरूको हातमा गएको थियो। १३औँ शताब्दीमा इङ्ल्यान्डले वेल्सको रियासतलाई अवशोषित गरेर [[म्याग्ना कार्टा]]द्वारा सार्वभौमको क्रमशः उन्मुक्तिको प्रक्रिया सुरु भएको थियो। सन् १६०३ मा, स्कटल्यान्डको राजा जेम्स चौथौले जेम्स प्रथमको रूपमा अङ्ग्रेजी सिंहासनमा आसीन भएका थिए जसले दुई राज्यहरूलाई व्यक्तिगत सङ्घमा ल्याएको थियो। सन् १६४९ देखि सन् १६६० सम्म त्यहाँ अङ्ग्रेजी राष्ट्रमण्डल भनेर चिनिने क्षणिक गणतन्त्र अवधि रह्यो जुन तीन राज्यहरूको युद्धपछि अस्तित्वमा आएको थियो तर सन् १६६० पछि राजतन्त्र पुनर्स्थापित भएको थियो। सन् १७०७ मा परिवर्तित सेटलमेन्ट ऐन, १७०१ लागू भएपछि क्याथोलिकहरू र क्याथोलिक व्यक्तिसँग विवाह गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई बेलायती साम्राज्य कब्जा गर्नबाट वञ्चित गर्दछ। सन् १७०७ मा अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजतन्त्रहरूको विलयले ग्रेट ब्रिटेनमा राजतन्त्र स्थापना हुनुका साथै अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजमुकुटको विलय र एक संयुक्त 'बेलायती राजतन्त्र' स्थापना भएको थियो। आयरिसेली राजतन्त्र सन् १८०१ मा ग्रेट ब्रिटेन राजशाहीसँग सामेल भएपछि ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य स्थापना भएको थियो। == संवैधानिक पद, काम र अधिकार == [[चित्र:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg/220px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|right|thumb| अङ्ग्रेजी [[बिल अफ राइट्स, १६८९]], जसले सम्राटको शासित शक्तिहरूलाई पर्याप्त रूपमा सुदृढ बनाएको थियो।]] बेलायतको राजतन्त्रात्मक प्रणालीमा राजा/रानी (सार्वभौम) लाई राज्यको [[राष्ट्रप्रमुख|प्रमुखको]] हैसियत दिइएको छ। हजारौं वर्षको अवधिमा क्रमशः विकसित र परिवर्तन हुँदै आएको बेलायती राजनीतिक प्रणालीमा शासकका परम्परागत र वास्तविक शक्तिहरू उतारचढाव भएका छन्।<ref>e.g. [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw8and1Geo6/1/16/enacted Regency Act 1937, c.{{nbsp}}11]. ''legislation.co.uk''. National Archives.</ref> ब्रिटिस राजनीतिक अवधारणामा ब्रिटिस सार्वभौमलाई [[राजमुकुट]]को मानव अवतारको रूपमा मानिन्छ, अर्थात् उनी सम्पूर्ण राज्य र सम्पूर्ण राजतन्त्रको सबै अधिकारको अन्तिम स्रोत हुन् र बेलायतमा शासन गर्ने अधिकार अन्ततः ब्रिटिस सार्वभौममा निहित रहेको छ। तसर्थ, [[न्यायाधीश]], सांसद र सबै मन्त्रीहरू सहित सबै सरकारी अधिकारी र कर्मचारीहरू सार्वभौमसत्ताको साथसाथै आधिकारिक नियोक्ता र कार्यकारी अधिकार प्रदायक हुन्। यसको साथै निष्ठाको शपथ महारानी (वा महाराज) प्रति लिने गरिन्छ र सबै संसदीय ऐन कानुनी हुनको लागि शाही स्वीकृति लिनु अनिवार्य रहेको छ। संयुक्त अधिराज्यको राष्ट्रिय गान '[[गड सेभ द किङ|गड सेभ द किङ]]' (हे भगवान, हाम्रो राजाको रक्षा गर्नुहोस्) हो।<ref>{{Citation |title=Symbols of the Monarchy: National Anthem |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902162152/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |publisher=Official website of the British Monarchy |access-date=18 June 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2014}}</ref> यसबाहेक सबै हुलाक टिकट, सिक्का र मुद्रा नोटहरूमा शासकको छवि कुँदिएको छ। === संवैधानिक भूमिका === ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:वेस्टमिन्स्टर प्रणाली]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रमण्डल राष्ट्रहरू]] 953z3z73hifh8a4n0j3p2n3gfxrhlwx 1368401 1368400 2026-08-04T03:44:04Z ~2026-42792-31 80119 1368401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = महाराजा | realm = संयुक्त अधिराज्य<!--Please do not add "of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"; it was "Great Britain" only from 1707 and "Great Britain and Ireland" from 1801--> | coatofarms = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, both variants).svg | coatofarms_size = 200 | coatofarms_article = संयुक्त अधिराज्यको शाही कुलचिह्न{{!}}शाही कुलचिह्न | image = Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg | incumbent = [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] | incumbentsince = सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ | style = [[महामहिम]] | heir_apparent = [[वेल्सका राजकुमार विलियम]] | first_monarch = <!--Please do not complete this field as there is a dispute as to whether James I, Anne or George III is the first UK monarch--> | date = <!--See above--> | residence = [[बकिङ्घम राजदरबार|शाही निवासहरूको]] [[ब्रिटेनको शाही निवासहरूको सूची|सूची]] | appointer = [[वंशानुक्रम]] | website = {{URL|royal.uk}} }} '''ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र''' ({{lang-en|British Monarchy}}, '''ब्रिटिस मोनार्की''') ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र उत्तरी आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संवैधानिक [[राजतन्त्र]] हो। बेलायती [[राजतन्त्र|एकाधिकार]]ले संयुक्त अधिराज्यसहित कुल १५ राष्ट्रमण्डल क्षेत्रहरू, राजमुकुट निर्भरता र [[बेलायती समुद्रपार क्षेत्रहरू|विदेशी क्षेत्र]]हरूको मुकुट धारण गर्ने एकाधिकारवादी सार्वभौमसत्ता भएको विशिष्टता छ। [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]]को मृत्युपछि बेलायती राजतन्त्रको वर्तमान शासक महाराजा [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ८ देखि राजगद्दीको अधिकारी भएका छन्। सार्वभौम र त्यस्को नजिकको पारिवारिक सदस्यहरूले देशका विभिन्न आधिकारिक, औपचारिक र प्रतिनिधि कार्यहरू गर्छन्। शासक रानी/राजालाई सैद्धान्तिक रूपमा संवैधानिक शासकको अधिकार दिइएको छ तर शताब्दी पुरानो सामान्य कानूनको कारणले, सार्वभौमहरूले आफ्नो अधिकांश शक्तिहरू [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको संसद|संसद]] र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार|सरकार]]को निर्दिष्टता अनुसार मात्र प्रयोग गर्न बाध्य छन्।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pegg |first=David |last2=Evans |first2=Rob |date=7 Feb 2021 |title=Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth |publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/07/revealed-queen-lobbied-for-change-in-law-to-hide-her-private-wealth |access-date=11 September 2022}}</ref> यस कारणले गर्दा यो वास्तवमा संसदीय राजतन्त्र मानिन्छ। संसदीय शासक भएकाले शासकको प्रायःजसो अधिकार निष्पक्ष र गैरराजनीतिक कार्यमा सीमित हुन्छन्। सम्राटहरू, शासकहरू र राज्यका प्रमुखहरूको रूपमा, तिनीहरूले आफ्नो संवैधानिक शासन र राजनीतिक शक्तिहरूको प्रयोग सरकार र तिनीहरूका मन्त्रीहरूको सल्लाह र विशिष्टतामा मात्र गर्छन्। परम्परा अनुसार, शासकहरू बेलायती सशस्त्र सेनाका [[परमाधिपति]] हुन्। यद्यपि, सार्वभौमका सबै कार्यकारी शक्तिहरू शासकको शाही अधिकारद्वारा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सन् १००० ताका इङ्ल्यान्ड र स्कटल्यान्ड राज्यहरूमा धेरै साना प्रारम्भिक मध्ययुगीन राज्यहरूको विकास भएको थियो। यस क्षेत्रको एङ्लो-स्याक्सन प्रभुत्व सन् १०६६ मा इङ्ल्यान्डमाथि नर्मनको विजयको समयमा समाप्त भएको थियो, जब अन्तिम एङ्लो-स्याक्सन राजा हेराल्ड द्वितीयको मृत्यु भयो र अङ्ग्रेजी शक्ति विजयी सेनाको नेता विलियम द कङ्करर र उनका वंशजहरूको हातमा गएको थियो। १३औँ शताब्दीमा इङ्ल्यान्डले वेल्सको रियासतलाई अवशोषित गरेर [[म्याग्ना कार्टा]]द्वारा सार्वभौमको क्रमशः उन्मुक्तिको प्रक्रिया सुरु भएको थियो। सन् १६०३ मा, स्कटल्यान्डको राजा जेम्स चौथौले जेम्स प्रथमको रूपमा अङ्ग्रेजी सिंहासनमा आसीन भएका थिए जसले दुई राज्यहरूलाई व्यक्तिगत सङ्घमा ल्याएको थियो। सन् १६४९ देखि सन् १६६० सम्म त्यहाँ अङ्ग्रेजी राष्ट्रमण्डल भनेर चिनिने क्षणिक गणतन्त्र अवधि रह्यो जुन तीन राज्यहरूको युद्धपछि अस्तित्वमा आएको थियो तर सन् १६६० पछि राजतन्त्र पुनर्स्थापित भएको थियो। सन् १७०७ मा परिवर्तित सेटलमेन्ट ऐन, १७०१ लागू भएपछि क्याथोलिकहरू र क्याथोलिक व्यक्तिसँग विवाह गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई बेलायती साम्राज्य कब्जा गर्नबाट वञ्चित गर्दछ। सन् १७०७ मा अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजतन्त्रहरूको विलयले ग्रेट ब्रिटेनमा राजतन्त्र स्थापना हुनुका साथै अङ्ग्रेजी र स्कटिसेली राजमुकुटको विलय र एक संयुक्त 'बेलायती राजतन्त्र' स्थापना भएको थियो। आयरिसेली राजतन्त्र सन् १८०१ मा ग्रेट ब्रिटेन राजशाहीसँग सामेल भएपछि ग्रेट ब्रिटेन र आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य स्थापना भएको थियो। == संवैधानिक पद, काम र अधिकार == [[चित्र:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg/220px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|right|thumb| अङ्ग्रेजी [[बिल अफ राइट्स, १६८९]], जसले सम्राटको शासित शक्तिहरूलाई पर्याप्त रूपमा सुदृढ बनाएको थियो।]] बेलायतको राजतन्त्रात्मक प्रणालीमा राजा/रानी (सार्वभौम) लाई राज्यको [[राष्ट्रप्रमुख|प्रमुखको]] हैसियत दिइएको छ। हजारौं वर्षको अवधिमा क्रमशः विकसित र परिवर्तन हुँदै आएको बेलायती राजनीतिक प्रणालीमा शासकका परम्परागत र वास्तविक शक्तिहरू उतारचढाव भएका छन्।<ref>e.g. [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw8and1Geo6/1/16/enacted Regency Act 1937, c.{{nbsp}}11]. ''legislation.co.uk''. National Archives.</ref> बेलायती राजनीतिक अवधारणामा बेलायती सार्वभौमलाई [[राजमुकुट]]को मानव अवतारको रूपमा मानिन्छ, अर्थात् उनी सम्पूर्ण राज्य र सम्पूर्ण राजतन्त्रको सबै अधिकारको अन्तिम स्रोत हुन् र बेलायतमा शासन गर्ने अधिकार अन्ततः बेलायती सार्वभौममा निहित रहेको छ। तसर्थ, [[न्यायाधीश]], सांसद र सबै मन्त्रीहरू सहित सबै सरकारी अधिकारी र कर्मचारीहरू सार्वभौमसत्ताको साथसाथै आधिकारिक नियोक्ता र कार्यकारी अधिकार प्रदायक हुन्। यसको साथै निष्ठाको शपथ महारानी (वा महाराज) प्रति लिने गरिन्छ र सबै संसदीय ऐन कानुनी हुनको लागि शाही स्वीकृति लिनु अनिवार्य रहेको छ। संयुक्त अधिराज्यको राष्ट्रिय गान '[[गड सेभ द किङ|गड सेभ द किङ]]' (हे भगवान, हाम्रो राजाको रक्षा गर्नुहोस्) हो।<ref>{{Citation |title=Symbols of the Monarchy: National Anthem |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902162152/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx |publisher=Official website of the British Monarchy |access-date=18 June 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2014}}</ref> यसबाहेक सबै हुलाक टिकट, सिक्का र मुद्रा नोटहरूमा शासकको छवि कुँदिएको छ। === संवैधानिक भूमिका === ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:ब्रिटिस राजतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अधिराज्यको सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:वेस्टमिन्स्टर प्रणाली]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रमण्डल राष्ट्रहरू]] 86qng27xu53q6zeisgo2rxqderxwbpt 0 127924 1368387 1350231 2026-08-03T22:40:07Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = लामू अमात्य | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = लामू पाल्देन | birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|01|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[भारत]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|06|01|1932|01|27|df=y}} | nationality = नेपाली <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-12 |title=पहिलो नेपाली नर्स - कालोपर्दा |url=https://kaloparda.com/143325622 |access-date=2022-10-13 |language=नेपाली }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013151939/https://kaloparda.com/143325622 |date=2022-10-13 }}</ref> | alma_mater = | occupation = उपचारिका (नर्स) | known_for = पहिलो नेपाली नर्स | spouse = भुवनेश्वर अमात्य | children = योगेश्वोर अमात्य }} '''लामू अमात्य''' (विवाहपूर्व: लामू पाल्देन) (सन् २७ जनवरी १९३२ – सन् १ जुन २०१२) पहिलो नेपाली उपचारिका (नर्स) थिइन्। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1100227292/South-Asias-nursing-tradition-goes-back-to-ancient-times|title=South Asia's nursing tradition goes back to ancient times {{!}} MENAFN.COM|website=menafn.com|accessdate=2022-10-13}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://sansarnews.com/39085/|title=स्व लामु अमात्य नेपालको पहिलो नर्स घोषित|date=2017-04-30|website=Sansar News|language=ne|accessdate=2022-10-13}}</ref> उनले सन् १९५४ मा नर्सिङ डिग्री प्राप्त गरेर सन् १९५६ मा काम गर्न थालेकी थिइन्। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imagekhabar.com/news/119195/|title=स्व.लामु अमात्य नेपालको पहिलो नर्स घोषित|website=Imagekhabar - Online News Portal of Nepal|language=ne|accessdate=2022-10-13}}</ref> सन् २०१७ (वि. स. २०७३) मा [[स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालय]]ले अमात्यलाई मरणोपरान्त नेपालको पहिलो उपचारिका घोषणा गरेको थियो। अमात्यका छोरा [[योगेश्वर अमात्य]]ले उनको तर्फबाट आधिकारिक प्रमाणपत्र ग्रहण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/government-declares-late-lamu-amatya-nepals-first-nurse|title=Government declares late Lamu Amatya Nepal's first nurse|website=thehimalayantimes.com|accessdate=2022-10-13}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा == अमात्यको जन्म सन् २७ जनवरी १९३२ ([[विक्रम सम्वत्|वि.सं.]] १९८८ माघ १४) मा [[भारत]]को [[दार्जिलिङ]]मा लामू पाल्देनको नामले भएको थियो। लामू सानै हुँदा उनकी आमाको मृत्यु भएको थियो। उनका बुबा सिरदार कर्मा 'पल' पाल्देन पर्वतारोही थिए। पाल्देन मूलतः [[सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला]]का थिए । उहाँ सन् १९२४ को ब्रिटिस सगरमाथा आरोहण अभियानमा जर्ज म्यालोरी र एन्ड्रयु स्यान्डी इर्भिनका सहायक र अनुवादक थिए। पछि, कर्मा दार्जिलिङमा बसाइँ सरे, जुन त्यतिबेला प्रमुख पर्वतारोहण केन्द्र थियो। लामूकी आमाको मृत्युपछि कर्माले दोस्रो विवाह गरेका थिए। लामूलाई उनको शिक्षाको लागि [[कोलकाता]] पठाइयो, जहाँ उनी हुर्किइन्। उनले सन् १९५४ मा [[कोलकाता मेडिकल कलेज]]बाट नर्सिङको डिग्री प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepali.oldphotosofnepal.com/post/73|title=लामू अमात्य, नेपालकी पहिलो नर्स अर्थात ‘नेपाली फ्लोरेन्स नाइटिङ्गल’।|website=nepali.oldphotosofnepal.com|language=en|accessdate=2022-10-13}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == विवाह == लामू अमात्यले आफ्नो भावी पति भुवनेश्वर अमात्यलाई कोलकातामा भेटिन्, जब उनी नर्सको रूपमा प्रशिक्षण लिइरहेकी थिइन्। भुवनेश्वर अमात्य कोलकातामा दन्त चिकित्सा पढ्दै थिए। एक दिन उनी आफ्नो खुट्टाको उपचारको लागि कोलकाता मेडिकल कलेज गएको समयमा उनले लामूलाई भेटे र उनी दुई बिच प्रेम हुन पुगेको थियो। भुवनेश्वर अमात्य उनलाई बारम्बार भेट्न जान्थे। उनिहरूले सन् १९५३ मा विवाह गरेका थिए। सन् १९५४ मा नर्सिङको डिग्री पूरा गरेपछि उनीहरू नेपाल फर्किए र उनी नेपालको अङ्गीकृत नागरिक भइन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kaloparda.com/143325622|title=पहिलो नेपाली नर्स - कालोपर्दा|date=2021-05-12|language=en-US|accessdate=2022-10-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013151939/https://kaloparda.com/143325622 |date=2022-10-13 }}</ref> == उपचारिका जीवन == अमात्य काठमाडौं आएका बेला नेपालमा [[मातृ मृत्युदर]] निकै बढेको थियो। [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]की पत्नी [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह|इन्द्रराज्यलक्ष्मी शाह]]को पनि सन् १९५० मा सुत्केरीकै क्रममा मृत्यु भएको थियो। महेन्द्रले अमात्यको काठमाडौंमा आगमनको खबर सुनेपछि उनलाई भेटेका थिए। उनले उनलाई काठमाडौंमा नर्सिङ स्कुल खोल्न आग्रह गरे यसैको फलस्वरूप सन् १९५६ मार्च १३ (वि.सं. २०३२ फाल्गुन ३०) मा अमात्यले क्षेत्रपाटीमा एउटा भवन भाडामा लिएर नेपालको पहिलो नर्सिङ स्कुल खोलेकी थिइन्। लामुको नेतृत्वमा नेपाल नर्सिङ सङ्घ पनि स्थापना भएको थियो। <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.breaknlinks.com/nepali/news/35120452|title=नेपालको पहिलो नर्स लामु अमात्य (भिडियो)|website=Breaknlinks|language=en|accessdate=2022-10-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013161033/https://www.breaknlinks.com/nepali/news/35120452 |date=2022-10-13 }}</ref> == पहिलो नेपाली उपचारिका उपाधि == उनी र उमादेवी दासबीच लामो समयदेखि पहिलो नेपाली नर्सको उपाधिको बहस चलेको थियो। सन् २०१७ अप्रिल ३० (वि.सं. २०७३ माघ ७) मा तत्कालीन स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्री [[गगन थापा]]ले अमात्यलाई नेपालको पहिलो नर्स घोषणा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newaonlinenews.com/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE|title=नां जाम्ह गायक योगेश्वरया मां लामु अमात्य नेपाःया न्हापाम्ह नर्स घोषणा {{!}} नेवा: अनलाइन न्युज|website=www.newaonlinenews.com|language=new|accessdate=2022-10-13}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> अमात्य र दासको परिवार दुवैले पहिलो नेपाली नर्सको उपाधि दाबी गर्ने सम्बन्धमा प्रमाण पेश गरेका थिए र ती प्रमाणका आधारमा अमात्यको फैसला गरिएको थियो। अमात्यलाई मरणोपरान्त उपाधि र प्रमाणपत्र प्रदान गरिएको थियो। लामू अमात्यका छोरा योगेश्वर अमात्यले उनको तर्फबाट आधिकारिक प्रमाणपत्र ग्रहण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinepatrika.com/content/6947|title=स्वर्गीय लामू अमात्य नेपालको पहिलो नर्स|date=2021-05-12|website=अनलाइन पत्रिका|language=नेपाली|accessdate=2022-10-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013153442/https://www.onlinepatrika.com/content/6947 |date=2022-10-13 }}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन र मृत्यु == उनको [[अल्जाइमर|अल्जाइमर रोग]]का कारण सन् २०१२ जुन १ ([[विक्रम सम्वत्|वि.सं.]] २०६९ जेठ १९) मा निधन भएको थियो। उनका छोरा [[योगेश्वर अमात्य]] एक लोकप्रिय नेपाली गायक हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mnsvmag.com/news/2017-11-10/inspire-singer-yogeshwor-amatya|title=The flamboyant Yogeshwor Amatya|website=mnsvmag.com|language=en|accessdate=2022-10-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013151945/http://mnsvmag.com/news/2017-11-10/inspire-singer-yogeshwor-amatya |date=2022-10-13 }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:सन् २०१२ मा मृत्यु]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९३२ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली नर्सहरू]] 4u3sakjmh790i49relqjtwfrhyud73k 0 129022 1368359 1367133 2026-08-03T13:52:35Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislative term | name = {{nowrap|नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद}} | image = Nepalese_Constituent_Assembly_Building.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलन केन्द्र, नेपाल|अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलन केन्द्र]],<br>नयाँ बानेश्वर, [[काठमाडौँ]] | body = [[नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद]] | election = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९]] | government =[[तेस्रो प्रचण्ड मन्त्रिपरिषद्|तेस्रो दाहाल मन्त्रिपरिषद्]] | term_start = वि.सं. २०७९ पुष २५ | term_end = {{End date||||df=y}} | before = [[नेपालको पहिलो सङ्घीय संसद|पहिलो सङ्घीय संसद]] | after = | website = {{URL|https://parliament.gov.np}} <!-- House of Representtives/Pratinidhi Sabha--> | chamber1 = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] | chamber1_image = Nepal HoR 27 1 2023.svg | chamber1_image_size = | chamber1_alt = | membership1 = २७५ | control1 ='''सत्तापक्ष (१३१)''' *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)}}}} [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] (७९)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}}} [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] (३२)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}}} [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|राप्रपा]] (१४)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Janamat Party}}}} [[जनमत पार्टी]] (६)}} '''बाहिरी समर्थन (१४१)''' *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}} [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] (८९)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Rastriya Swatantra Party}}}} [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|रास्वपा]] (१९)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}}} [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जसपा]] (१२)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} स्वतन्त्र (२१)}} '''प्रतिपक्ष (२)''' *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} स्वतन्त्र (२)}} '''रिक्त (१)''' | chamber1_leader1_type=सभामुख | chamber1_leader1=[[देवराज घिमिरे]], {{small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]}} | chamber1_leader2_type=उपसभामुख | chamber1_leader2=[[इन्दिरा राना मगर]], {{small|[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|रास्वपा]]}} | chamber1_leader3_type={{nowrap|[[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|सदनका नेता]]}} | chamber1_leader3=[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]], {{small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]}} | chamber1_leader4_type=प्रतिपक्ष दलका नेता | chamber1_leader4= [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]], {{small|[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]}} <!-- National Assembly/Rastriya Sabha --> | chamber2=[[राष्ट्रिय सभा (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] | chamber2_image=Nepal National Assembly 02 2023.svg | chamber2_image_size= | chamber2_alt= | membership2=५९ | control2= '''सत्तापक्ष (३४)''' *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)}}}} [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] (१८){{Efn|name=NOM|मनोनित एक सांसद सहित}}}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}}} [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] (१६){{Efn|name=NOM}}}} '''बाहिरी समर्थन (२२)''' *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Nepali Congress}}}} [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] (१०)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}}} [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] (८)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}}} [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जसपा]] (३)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal}}}} [[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|लोसपा]] (१)}} '''प्रतिपक्ष (३)''' *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Rastriya Janamorcha}}}} [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा|राजमो]] (१)}} *{{nowrap|{{color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} स्वतन्त्र (२){{Efn|name=NOM}}}} | chamber2_leader1_type=अध्यक्ष | chamber2_leader1=[[गणेशप्रसाद तिमिल्सिना|गणेशप्रसाद तिमील्सिना]], {{small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]}} | chamber2_leader2_type=उपाध्यक्ष | chamber2_leader2=उर्मिला अर्याल, {{small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]}} | chamber2_leader3_type=सदनका नेता | chamber2_leader3=[[नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ]], {{small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]}} | chamber2_leader4_type=प्रतिपक्ष दलका नेता | chamber2_leader4=रमेश जंग रायमाझी, {{small|[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]}} | session1_start=वि.सं. २०७९ पुष २५ | session1_end= }} '''नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद''' [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९|वि.सं. २०७९ मङ्सिर ४ मा सम्पन्न आम निर्वाचन]]बाट निर्वाचित भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/11/21/around-61-percent-cast-votes-in-largely-peaceful-polls|title=Around 61 percent cast votes in largely peaceful polls|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2022-11-28}}</ref> निर्वाचनबाट [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली|प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] अन्तर्गत १६५ र [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] अन्तर्गत ११० गरी कुल २७५ सांसद [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधिसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://election.gov.np/admin/public//storage/PR/PR%20Elected/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3.pdf|title=प्रतिनिधि सभा समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली तर्फ निर्वाचित सदस्यहरूको विवरण|website=Election Commission Nepal|access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref> संसदको पहिलो बैठक वि.सं. २०७९ पुष २५ गते बसेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/01/09/diverse-parliament-s-first-sitting-stresses-a-range-of-issues|title=Diverse Parliament’s first sitting stresses a range of issues|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-01-09}}</ref> == अधिकारीहरू == === प्रतिनिधि सभा === ==== पदाधिकारी ==== * सभामुख: सम्माननीय [[देवराज घिमिरे]], {{Small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/01/19/uml-s-dev-raj-ghimire-elected-house-speaker|title=UML’s Dev Raj Ghimire elected House Speaker|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-01-19}}</ref> * उपसभामुख: माननीय [[इन्दिरा राना मगर]], {{Small|[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/01/21/indira-rana-magar-elected-house-deputy-speaker|title=Indira Rana Magar elected House deputy Speaker|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-01-21}}</ref> * प्रधानमन्त्री: सम्माननीय [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]], {{Small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2022/12/25/president-appoints-pushpa-kamal-dahal-prime-minister|title=President appoints Pushpa Kamal Dahal prime minister|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2022-12-25}}</ref> * प्रतिपक्षी दलका नेता: माननीय [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]], {{Small|[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/135880/|title=NC recognized as main opposition party|last=|website=My Republica|language=en|access-date=2023-01-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126145845/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/135880/ |date=2023-01-26 }}</ref> ==== संसदीय दल ==== * [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/21/deuba-elected-nepali-congress-parliamentary-party-leader|title=Deuba elected Nepali Congress parliamentary party leader|date=21 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/20/cpn-uml-elects-kp-oli-its-parliamentary-party-leader|title=CPN-UML elects KP Oli its parliamentary party leader|date=20 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/23/dahal-firm-on-not-giving-up-pm-post|title=Dahal firm on not giving up PM post|date=23 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref> * [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] संसदीय दलको नेता: ** माननीय [[रवि लामिछाने]] (वि. सं. २०७९ माघ १३ सम्म)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2022/12/19/rabi-lamichhane-picked-rsp-parliamentary-party-leader|title=Rabi Lamichhane picked RSP parliamentary party leader|date=19 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref> ** माननीय [[डोलप्रसाद अर्याल]] (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ १४ देखि)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2023/01/28/aryal-named-acting-chief-of-rastriya-swatantra-party|title=Aryal named acting chief of Rastriya Swatantra Party|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> * [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद लिङ्देन|राजेन्द्र प्रसाद लिङ्देन]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/20/rajendra-lingden-unanimously-elected-to-parliamentary-leadership-of-rastriya-prajatantra-party|title=Rajendra Lingden unanimously elected to parliamentary leadership of Rastriya Prajatantra Party|date=20 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> * [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय '''[[राम सहाय यादव|रामसहाय प्रसाद यादव]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/28/ram-sahay-prasad-yadav-elected-leader-of-parliamentary-party-of-janata-samajbadi-party|title=Ram Sahay Prasad Yadav elected leader of parliamentary party of Janata Samajbadi Party|date=28 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> * [[जनमत पार्टी]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[चन्द्रकान्त राउत]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/19/janamat-party-unanimously-elects-ck-raut-its-parliamentary-party-leader|title=Janamat Party unanimously elects CK Raut its parliamentary party leader|date=19 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> ** [[जनमत पार्टी]] संसदीय दलका उपनेता: माननीय [[अब्दुल खान|अब्दुल खाँ]]<ref name=":1" /> * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/19/madhav-kumar-nepal-elected-parliamentary-party-leader-of-cpn-unified-socialist|title=Madhav Kumar Nepal elected parliamentary party leader of CPN (Unified Socialist)|date=19 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> ** [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] संसदीय दलका उपनेता: माननीय [[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद पाण्डे]] * [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[रञ्जिता श्रेष्ठ]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://dhakiyakhabar.com/news/2022/12/25/1546|title=नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टीको केन्द्रीय समिति बैठकका निर्णय सार्वजनिक (नामावलीसहित)|website=dhakiyakhabar.com|language=en|access-date=2022-12-25}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225151839/https://dhakiyakhabar.com/news/2022/12/25/1546 |date=2022-12-25 }}</ref> * [[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[महन्थ ठाकुर]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/21/mahant-thakur-elected-leader-of-parliamentary-party-of-the-loktantrik-samajbadi-party|title=Mahant Thakur elected parliamentary party leader of Loktantrik Samajbadi Party|date=21 December 2022|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> ==== सचेतक ==== * [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का प्रमुख सचेतक: माननीय [[रमेश लेखक]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/291131/|title=रमेश लेखक भए काङ्ग्रेसको मुख्य सचेतक|last=|first=|website=Setopati|language=ne|access-date=2023-01-06}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का प्रमुख सचेतक: माननीय [[हितराज पाण्डे]]<ref name=":3" /> * [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का प्रमुख सचेतक: माननीय [[प्रकाश ज्वाला]]<ref name=":0" /> * [[जनमत पार्टी]]का प्रमुख सचेतक: माननीय [[अनितादेवी साह]]<ref name=":1" /> ** [[जनमत पार्टी]]का सचेतक: माननीय [[गोमा लाभ|गोमा लभ]]<ref name=":1" /> * [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]]का प्रमुख सचेतक: माननीय [[गङ्गाराम चौधरी]]<ref name=":5" /> ** [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]]का सचेतक: माननीय [[अरुणकुमार चौधरी]]<ref name=":5" /> === राष्ट्रिय सभा === ==== पदाधिकारी ==== * अध्यक्ष: सम्माननीय [[गणेशप्रसाद तिमिल्सिना|गणेशप्रसाद तिमील्सिना]], {{Small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/ganesh-timilsina-elected-national-assembly-chair/|title=Ganesh Timilsina elected NA chair|date=15 March 2018|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> * उपाध्यक्ष: माननीय उर्मिला अर्याल, {{Small|[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]}} (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २३ देखि)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2023/02/06/urmila-aryal-elected-national-assembly-vice-chair-unopposed|title=Urmila Aryal elected National Assembly vice-chair unopposed|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref> ==== संसदीय दल ==== * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[देवेन्द्र दाहाल]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2022/12/1238895|title=एमाले राष्ट्रियसभा संसदीय दलको नेतामा देवेन्द्र दाहाल|website=Online Khabar|language=ne|access-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/12/22/1671706880193330.html|title=माओवादी केन्द्र संसदीय दलको नेतामा दाहाल सर्वसम्मत|date=22 December 2022|website=Ekantipur|language=ne|access-date=28 December 2022}}</ref> * [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[रमेशजंग रायमाझी]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/280889/|title=देउवाले बनाए रमेशजंग रायमाझीलाई राष्ट्रिय सभा संसदीय दलको नेता|last=|first=|website=Setopati|language=en-US|access-date=2023-01-03}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] संसदीय दलको नेता: माननीय [[वेदुराम भुषाल]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2021/29/205903/|title=CPN Unified Socialist picks Beduram Bhusal as PP leader in National Assembly|date=29 August 2021|website=Khabarhub|language=en|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> ==== सचेतक ==== * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का प्रमुख सचेतक: माननीय [[गोपीबहादुर सार्की अछामी]]<ref name=":4" /> ** [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का सचेतक: माननीय [[गङ्गाकुमारी बेल्वासे]]<ref name=":4" /> == प्रतिनिधि सभाका सदस्यहरू == {| width="600px" |<gallery mode="slideshow" caption="{{nowrap|दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसदको प्रतिनिधि सभा}}"> चित्र:Nepal HoR 27 1 2023.svg|वि.सं. २०७९ माघ १३ मा [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का सांसद [[रवि लामिछाने]]को पद खारेज भएपश्चात् चित्र:Nepal HouseofRepresentatives 2 1 2023.svg|वि.सं. २०७९ पुष १८ मा स्वतन्त्र सांसद किरणकुमार साहले [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] प्रवेश गरेपश्चात् चित्र:Nepal HoRFederalParliament.svg|[[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९]] पश्चात् </gallery> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |'''<small>दल</small>''' ! colspan="6" |कुल सिटहरू |- ! colspan="3" |[[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९|२०७९ निर्वाचन]] '''पश्चात्''' ! colspan="3" |वर्तमान |- ![[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली|प्रत्यक्ष]] ![[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] !जम्मा ![[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली|प्रत्यक्ष]] ![[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] !जम्मा |- | colspan="8" |'''<small>दर्ता भएकम दलहरू<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/12/06/167034242099737230.html |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=कान्तिपुर}}</ref></small>''' |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |५७ |३२ |८९ |५७ |३२ |८९ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |४४ |३४ |७८ |४५ |३४ |७९ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |१८ |१४ |३२ |१८ |१४ |३२ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Swatantra Party}}" | |[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] |७ |१३ |२० |६ |१३ |१९ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" | |[[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] |७ |७ |१४ |७ |७ |१४ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}" | |[[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] |७ |५ |१२ |७ |५ |१२ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Janamat Party}}" | |[[जनमत पार्टी]] |१ |५ |६ |१ |५ |६ |- | colspan="8" |'''<small>स्वतन्त्र रूपमा प्रतिनिधित्व</small>''' |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |१० |० |१० |१० |० |१० |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal}}" | |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी]] |४ |० |४ |४ |० |४ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Nagrik Unmukti Party}}" | |[[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] |३ |० |३ |४ |० |४ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Janamorcha}}" | |[[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]] |१ |० |१ |१ |० |१ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepal Workers Peasants Party}}" | |[[नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी]] |१ |० |१ |१ |० |१ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" | |[[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] |५ |— |५ |३ |— |३ |- ! colspan="2" |जम्मा !१६५ !११० !२७५ !१६४ !११० !२७४ |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Nepali Congress}}; color: white;" |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (८९) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |डडेलधुरा १ |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेर बहादुर देउवा]] | * प्रतिपक्ष दलको नेता * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |कन्चनपुर ३ |[[रमेश लेखक]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |झापा १ |[[विश्वप्रकाश शर्मा|विश्व प्रकाश शर्मा]] | |- |सङ्खुवासभा १ |[[दिपक खड्का]] | |- |तेर्हथुम १ |[[सिता गुरुङ]] | |- |मोरङ्ग १ |[[डिगबहादुर लिम्बू|डिग बहादुर लिम्वु]] | |- |मोरङ्ग ३ |[[शुनिलकुमार शर्मा|शुनिल कुमार शर्मा]] | |- |मोरङ्ग ६ |[[शेखर कोइराला]] | |- |सुनसरी ४ |[[ज्ञानेन्द्रबहादुर कार्की|ज्ञानेन्द्र बहादुर कार्की]] | |- |ओखलढुङ्गा १ |[[रामहरि खतिवडा|राम हरि खतिवडा]] | |- |उदयपुर १ |[[नारायण खड्का]] | |- |सप्तरी ३ |[[दिनेशकुमार यादव|दिनेश कुमार यादव]] | |- |सप्तरी ४ |[[तेजुलाल चौधरी|तेजु लाल चौधरी]] | |- |धनुषा २ |[[रामकृष्ण यादव|राम कृष्ण यादव]] | |- |महोत्तरी ४ |[[महेन्‍द्र कुमार राय]] | |- |रौतहट ४ |[[देवप्रसाद तिमलसेना|देव प्रसाद तिमलसेना]] | |- |पर्सा २ |[[अजयकुमार चौरसिया|अजय कुमार चौरसिया]] | |- |पर्सा ४ |[[रमेश रिजाल]] | |- |रामेछाप १ |[[पूर्णबहादुर तामाङ|पुर्ण वहादुर तमाङ्ग]] | |- |सिन्धुली १ |[[श्‍यामकुमार घिमिरे|श्‍याम कुमार घिमिरे]] | |- |रसुवा १ |[[मोहन आचार्य]] | |- |धादिङ्ग २ |[[रामनाथ अधिकारी]] | |- |नुवाकोट २ |[[अर्जुननरसिंह केसी|अर्जुन नरसिंह के.सी.]] | |- |काठमाडौँ १ |[[प्रकाशमान सिंह]] | |- |काठमाडौँ १० |[[राजेन्द्रकुमार केसी|राजेन्द्र कुमार के.सी.]] | |- |काठमाडौँ ३ |[[सन्तोष चालिसे]] | |- |काठमाडौँ ४ |[[गगन थापा|गगन कुमार थापा]] | |- |काठमाडौँ ५ |[[प्रदिप पौडेल|प्रदीप पौडेल]] | |- |भक्तपुर २ |[[दुर्लभ थापा क्षेत्री]] | |- |ललितपुर १ |[[उदयसम्शेर राणा|उदय शंशेर ज.ब.राणा]] | |- |सिन्धुपाल्चोक २ |[[मोहनबहादुर बस्नेत|मोहन बहादुर बस्नेत]] | |- |गोरखा १ |[[राजेन्द्र बजगाई]] | |- |मनाङ्ग १ |[[टेकबहादुर गुरुङ|टेक बहादुर गुरुङ]] | * वि.सं. २०७९ पुष १२ देखि निलम्वित |- |तनहुँ १ |[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]] | |- |तनहुँ २ |[[शङ्कर भण्डारी]] | |- |स्याङ्जा १ |[[राजु थापा]] | |- |स्याङ्जा २ |[[धनराज गुरुङ|धनराज गुरुङ्ग]] | |- |नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १ |[[शशाङ्क कोइराला|शशांक कोइराला]] | |- |नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २ |[[विष्णु कुमार कार्की]] | |- |मुस्तांग १ |[[योगेश गौचन थकाली]] | |- |म्याग्दी १ |[[खमबहादुर गर्बुजा|खम बहादुर गर्बुजा]] | |- |गुल्मी १ |[[चन्द्रकान्त भण्डारी]] | |- |कपिलवस्तु २ |[[सुरेन्द्रराज आचार्य|सुरेन्द्र राज आचार्य]] | |- |दाङ ३ |[[दिपक गिरी]] | |- |बाँके ३ |[[किशोरसिंह राठोर|किशोर सिह राठोर]] | |- |बर्दिया १ |[[सञ्जयकुमार गौतम|सञ्जय कुमार गौतम]] | |- |नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १ |[[विनोद चौधरी|विनोद कुमार चौधरी]] | |- |मुगु १ |[[ऐनबहादुर शाही ठकुरी|ऐन बहादुर शाही ठकुरी]] | |- |दैलेख २ |[[दिक्पाल कुमार शाहि]] | |- |सुर्खेत १ |[[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का|पूर्ण बहादुर खड्का]] | |- |सुर्खेत २ |[[हृदयराम थानी]] | |- |बाजुरा १ |[[बद्रीप्रसाद पाण्डे|बद्री प्रसाद पाण्डे]] | |- |अछाम २ |[[पुष्पबहादुर शाह|पुष्प बहादुर शाह]] | |- |कैलाली ४ |[[विर बहादुर बलायर]] | |- |कैलाली ५ |[[डिल्ली राज पन्त]] | |- |दार्चुला १ |[[दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडू|दिलेन्द्र प्रसाद बडू]] | |- |कन्चनपुर २ |[[नारायणप्रकाश साउद|नारायण प्रकाश साउद]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[सरिता प्रसाई]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[आरजुराणा देउवा|अर्जु राणा देउवा]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[इश्वरी न्यौपाने]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[प्रतिमा गौतम]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[मञ्जु खाँण|मंजु खाण्ड ]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[रमा कोइराला पौड्याल|रमा कोइराला पौडेल]] | |- |खस आर्य, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र |[[कान्तिका सेजुवाल]] | |- |खस आर्य, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र |[[मैना कार्की]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[प्रकाशशरण महत ]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सरस्वती बजियम|सरस्वति वजियम]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[लिलादेवी बोखिम लिम्बू]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सिताकुमारी राना]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सुशीला थिङ|सुशीला थिङ्ग]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सपना राजभण्डारी]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[माया राई]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[कुसुमदेवी थापा]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[मनोरम शेरचन]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[अञ्जनी श्रेष्ठ|अन्जनी श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |मधेशी |[[नगिना यादव]] | |- |मधेशी |[[मुक्तकुमारी यादव|मुक्त कुमारी यादव]] | |- |मधेशी |[[चन्दा चौधरी]] | |- |मधेशी |[[सङ्गीता मण्डल धानुक]] | |- |मधेशी |[[विमलेन्द्र निधि]] | |- |दलित |[[शान्ति विश्वकर्मा]] | |- |दलित |[[रूपा विश्वकर्मा]] | |- |दलित |[[सिता मिजार]] | |- |दलित |[[आशा विश्वकर्मा]] | |- |दलित |[[जीवन परियार]] | |- |थारू |[[कल्पना चौधरी]] | |- |थारू |[[बिनाकुमारी थनैत|विनाकुमारी थानेट]] | |- |मुस्लिम |[[जावेदा खातुन जागा|जवेदा खातुन जग]] | |} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)}}; color: white;" |नेकपा (एमाले) (७९) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |झापा २ |[[देवराज घिमिरे]] | * प्रतिनिधि सभाका सभामुख |- |रुपन्देही २ |[[विष्णुप्रसाद पौडेल|विष्णु प्रसाद पौडेल]] | * [[नेपालको उपप्रधानमन्त्री|उपप्रधान]] तथा [[अर्थ मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|अर्थ मन्त्री]] |- |बारा ३ |[[ज्वालाकुमारी शाह|ज्वाला कुमारी साह]] | * [[कृषि तथा पशुपन्छी विकास मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|कृषि तथा पशुपंक्षी विकास]] [[सहरी विकास मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|मन्त्री]] |- |बैतडी १ |[[दामोदर भण्डारी]] | * [[उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्री]] |- |धनकुटा १ |[[राजेन्द्रकुमार राई|राजेन्द्र कुमार राई]] | * [[भूमि व्यवस्था, सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|भूमि व्यवस्था, सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण]] [[उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|मन्त्री]] |- |पर्वत १ |[[पदम गिरी]] | * [[स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्री]] |- |सुनसरी ३ |[[भगवती चौधरी]] | * [[महिला, बालबालिका तथा ज्येष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|महिला, बालबालिका तथा ज्येष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्री]] |- |सर्लाही ३ |[[हरिप्रसाद उप्रेती|हरि प्रसाद उप्रेती]] | * [[रक्षा मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|रक्षा मन्त्री]] |- |झापा ५ |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |ताप्लेजुंग १ |[[योगेश भट्टराई|योगेश कुमार भट्टराई]] | |- |पाँचथर १ |[[वसन्तकुमार नेम्वाङ|वसन्त कुमार नेम्वाङ]] | |- |इलाम १ |[[महेश बस्नेत]] | |- |इलाम २ |[[सुहाङ नेम्वाङ|सुहाङ नेवाङ]] ([[सुवासचन्द्र नेम्वाङ|सुवास चन्द्र नेम्वाङ]] को मृत्यु पछि) | |- |झापा ४ |[[लाल प्रसाद साँवा लिम्बू]] | |- |मोरङ्ग २ |[[ऋषिकेश पोखरेल]] | |- |सुनसरी २ |[[भीमप्रसाद आचार्य|भीम प्रसाद आचार्य]] | |- |सोलुखुम्बु १ |[[मानबीर राई]] | |- |उदयपुर २ |[[अम्बरबहादुर रायमाझी|अम्वर बहादुर रायामाझी]] | |- |सिराहा १ |[[राम शङ्कर यादव]] | |- |सिराहा ३ |[[लिलानाथ श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |धनुषा ३ |[[जुली कुमारी महतो]] | |- |धनुषा ४ |[[रघुबीर महासेठ]] | |- |महोत्तरी १ |[[लक्ष्मी महतो काेइरी|लझ्मी महतो काेइरी]] | |- |बारा १ |[[अच्युतप्रसाद मैनाली|अच्युत प्रसाद मैनाली]] | |- |पर्सा ३ |[[राजकुमार गुप्ता|राज कुमार गुप्ता]] | |- |काठमाडौँ ९ |[[कृष्णगोपाल श्रेष्ठ|कृष्ण गोपाल श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |ललितपुर २ |[[प्रेम बहादुर महर्जन]] | |- |काभ्रेपलान्चोक २ |[[गोकुल प्रसाद बास्कोटा]] | |- |मकवानपुर २ |[[महेशकुमार वर्तौला|महेश कुमार वर्तौला]] | |- |लमजुंग १ |[[पृथ्वीसुब्बा गुरुङ|पृथ्‍वी सुब्वा गुरुङ]] | |- |कास्की १ |[[मन बहादुर गुरुङ]] | |- |कास्की २ |[[विद्या भट्टराई]] | |- |कास्की ३ |[[दामोदर पौडेल वैरागी]] | |- |गुल्मी २ |[[गोकर्ण विष्ट|गोकर्ण राज विष्‍ट]] | |- |पाल्पा १ |[[नारायणप्रसाद आचार्य|नारायण प्रसाद आचार्य]] | |- |पाल्पा २ |[[ठाकुरप्रसाद गैरे|ठाकुर प्रसाद गैरे]] | |- |अर्घाखांची १ |[[टोपबहादुर रायमाझी|टोप बहादुर रायमाझी]] | |- |रुपन्देही १ |[[छविलाल विश्वकर्मा]] | |- |रुपन्देही ५ |[[वासुदेव घिमिरे (राजनीतिज्ञ)|वासुदेव घिमिरे (सांसद)]] | |- |कपिलवस्तु १ |[[बलराम अधिकारी]] | |- |कपिलवस्तु ३ |[[मङ्गलप्रसाद गुप्‍ता|मङ्गल प्रसाद गुप्‍ता]] | |- |प्यूठान १ |[[सूर्यबहादुर थापा क्षेत्री|सूर्य बहादुर थापा क्षेत्री ]] | |- |बाँके १ |[[सूर्यप्रसाद ढकाल|सूर्य प्रसाद ढकाल]] | |- |कन्चनपुर १ |[[तारा लामा तामाङ]] | |- |रौतहट २ |[[किरणकुमार साह|किरण कुमार साह]] | * स्वतन्त्रबाट निर्वाचित |- |खस आर्य |[[रघुजी पन्त]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[एकनाथ ढकाल]] | |- |खस आर्य, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र |दयालबहादुर शाही | |- |खस आर्य |[[मेनुकाकुमारी पोखरेल]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[सरिता भुसाल]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[शोभा ज्ञवाली]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[बिजुला रायमाझी|विजुला रायमाझी]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[निर्मला कोइराला]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[सम्झना थपलिया]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[दीपा शर्मा]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[सुनिता बराल|सुनिता वराल]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[देवीप्रकाश भट्टचन|देवी प्रकाश भट्टचन]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[हेमराज राई]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[कालुराम राई]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[नैनकला थापा|नैनकला थापा मगर]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सूर्यकुमारी श्रेष्ठ ]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[उर्मिला थेबे|उर्मिला थेवे]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[इश्वरी घर्ती|इश्वरी घर्ति]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[रणकुमारी बलम्पाकी मगर|रनकुमारी वलम्पाकी मगर]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[शान्ति श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सरस्वती सुब्बा|सरस्वति सुव्वा]] | |- |थारू |[[अस्माकुमारी चौधरी|आस्मा कुमारी चौधरी]] | |- |थारू |[[शान्ति चौधरी]] | |- |दलित |[[ईश्वरबहादुर रिजाल|इश्वरबहादुर रिजाल]] | |- |दलित |[[प्रभु हजारा दुसाध]] | |- |दलित |[[चन्द्रबहादुर विश्वकर्मा ]] | |- |दलित |[[रुक्मिणी राना वरैली]] | |- |दलित |[[हर्कमाया विश्वकर्मा]] | |- |मधेशी |[[गङ्गाप्रसाद यादव]] | |- |मधेशी |[[अमृतलाल राजवंशी]] | |- |मधेशी |[[बिना देवी|विना देवी]] | |- |मधेशी |[[अमृता अग्रहरी]] | |- |मधेशी |[[प्रतीक्षा तिवारी मुखिया]] | |- |मुस्लिम |[[सराज अहमद फारुकी|सराज अहमद फारूकी]] | |}<!--Maoist Centre--> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}; color: white;" |नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र) (३२) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |गोरखा २ |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल|पुष्प कमल दाहाल]] (प्रचन्ड) | * [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री]] * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |दाङ २ |[[रेखा शर्मा]] | * [[सञ्चार तथा सूचना प्रविधि मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|सञ्चार तथा सूचना प्रविधि मन्त्री]] |- |भोजपुर १ |[[सुदन किराँती|सुदन किराँती]] | * [[संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्री]] |- |मोरङ्ग ४ |[[अमनलाल मोदी|अमन लाल मोदी]] | * [[सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्री]] |- |दलित |[[सुशीला श्रीपाली  ठकुरी]] | * [[संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन राज्यमन्त्री]] |- |खस आर्य |[[हितराज पाण्डे]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |खोटाङ्ग १ |[[राम कुमार राई]] | |- |सर्लाही २ |[[महिन्द्र राय यादव]] | * {{small|[[नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी]]का सह-अध्यक्ष; माओवादी केन्द्रको चुनाव चिह्नमा निर्वाचित}} |- |दोलखा १ |[[गङ्गा कार्की]] | |- |सिन्धुली २ |[[लेखनाथ दाहाल|लेख नाथ दाहाल]] | |- |नुवाकोट १ |[[हितबहादुर तामाङ|हित बहादुर तामाङ]] | |- |काभ्रेपलान्चोक १ |[[सुर्य मान तामाङ (दोङ)|सूर्य मान तामाङ (दोङ)]] | |- |सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ |[[माधव सापकोटा]] | |- |बागलुङ २ |[[देवेन्द्र पौडेल]] | |- |रुकुम पूर्व १ |[[पूर्णबहादुर घर्ती|पूर्ण बहादुर घर्ति मगर]] | |- |रोल्पा १ |[[वर्षमान पुन]] | |- |कालिकोट १ |[[महेन्द्रबहादुर शाही|महेन्द्र बहादुर शाही]] | |- |हुम्ला १ |[[छिरिङ डम्डुल लामा (भोटे)]] | |- |जाजरकोट १ |[[शक्तिबहादुर बस्नेत|शक्ति बहादुर बस्नेत]] | |- |रुकुम पश्चिम १ |[[जनार्दन शर्मा]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[विमला सुवेदी]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[ज्ञानु बस्नेत]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[नारायणी शर्मा]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[दुर्गा राई]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[मिना तामाङ]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[उर्मिला माझी]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र |[[छिरिङ ल्हामु लामा]] | |- |मधेशी |[[मिना यादव]] | |- |मधेशी |[[उमरावतीदेवी यादव]] | * [[नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी]]बाट निर्वाचित |- |दलित |[[रनेन्द्र बरैली]] | |- |थारू |[[रूप सो.सी. चौधरी]] | |- |मुस्लिम |[[कल्पना मियाँ कुसारी]] | |}<!--Swatantra--> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Rastriya Swatantra Party}}; color: white;" |राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी (१९) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[इन्दिरा रानामगर]] | * प्रतिनिधि सभाका उपसभामुख |- |खस आर्य |[[डोलप्रसाद अर्याल]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ १४ देखि) * [[श्रम, रोजगार तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षा मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|श्रम, रोजगार तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षा मन्त्री]] (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २२ सम्म) |- |काठमाडौँ ६ |[[शिशिर खनाल ]] | * [[शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्री]] (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २२ सम्म) |- |ललितपुर ३ |[[तोसिमा कार्की]] | * [[स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या राज्यमन्त्री]] (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २२ सम्म) |- |काठमाडौँ ८ |[[विराजभक्त श्रेष्ठ|विराज भक्त श्रेष्ठ]] | * संसदीय दलको उपनेता |- |दलित |[[सन्तोष परियार]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |काठमाडौँ २ |[[सोबिता गौतम|सोविता गौतम]] | |- |काठमाडौँ ७ |[[गणेश पराजुली]] | |- |चितवन १ |[[हरि ढकाल]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[चन्दा कार्की]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[निशा डाँगी]] | |- |खस आर्य, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र |बिनिता कठायत | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[ढाकाकुमार श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सुमना श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |मधेशी |[[लक्ष्मी तिवारी]] | |- |मधेशी |[[मनिष झा]] | |- |दलित |[[शिव नेपाली]] | |- |थारू |[[अशोककुमार चौधरी ]] | |- |मुस्लिम |[[आसिम शाह]] | |- | colspan="3" |'''पूर्व सदस्य''' |- |चितवन २ |[[रवि लामिछाने]] | * [[नेपालको उपप्रधानमन्त्री|उपप्रधान]] तथा [[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|गृह मन्त्री]] (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ १३ सम्म) * संसदीय दलको नेता (वि.सं. २०७९ माघ १३ सम्म) |}<!--Rastriya Prajatantra Party--> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible " ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}; color: white;" |राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी (१४) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |झापा ३ |[[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद लिङ्देन|राजेन्द्र प्रसाद लिङ्देन]] | * [[नेपालको उपप्रधानमन्त्री|उपप्रधान]] तथा [[ऊर्जा, जलस्रोत तथा सिँचाइ मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|ऊर्जा, जलस्रोत तथा सिँचाइ मन्त्री]] * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |चितवन ३ |[[विक्रम पाण्डे]] | * [[सहरी विकास मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|सहरी विकास मन्त्री]] |- |नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २ |[[ध्रुवबहादुर प्रधान]] | * [[कानुन, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|कानुन, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्री]] |- |मकवानपुर १ |[[दिपकबहादुर सिंह|दिपक बहादुर सिंह]] | * [[ऊर्जा, जलस्रोत तथा सिँचाइ मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|ऊर्जा, जलस्रोत तथा सिँचाइ राज्यमन्त्री]] |- |जुम्ला १ |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र शाही|ज्ञान बहादुर शाही]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |रुपन्देही ३ |[[दीपक बोहरा]] | |- |बाँके २ |[[धवलशम्मशेर जगंबहादुर राणा]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[पशुपति शमशेर ज.ब.रा.]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[रोसन कार्की]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[गित बस्नेत]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[बुद्धिमान तामाङ]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[विना लामा]] | |- |मधेशी |[[विना जैसवाल]] | |- |दलित |[[अनिशा नेपाली]] | |}<!--PSPN--> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}; color: white;" |जनता समाजवादी पार्टी (१२) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |बारा २ |[[राम सहाय यादव]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |सुनसरी १ |[[अशोककुमार राई|अशोक कुमार राई]] | |- |सप्तरी १ |[[नवलकिशोर साह सुडी|नवल किसोर साह सुडी]] | |- |सिराहा २ |[[राज किशोर यादव]] | |- |सिराहा ४ |[[बिरेन्द्रप्रसाद महतो|बिरेन्द्र प्रसाद महतो]] | |- |धनुषा १ |[[दीपक कार्की]] | |- |पर्सा १ |[[प्रदिप यादव]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[प्रकाश अधिकारी]] | |- |खस आर्य |[[रेखा यादव थापा]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सुशिल श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |मधेशी |[[रन्जुकुमारी झा]] | |- |मुस्लिम |[[शहनाज रहमान ]] | |}<!--Unified Socialist--> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}; color: white;" |नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी) (१०) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |रौतहट १ |[[माधवकुमार नेपाल|माधव कुमार नेपाल]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |धादिङ्ग १ |[[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद पाण्डे|राजेन्द्र प्रसाद पाण्डे]] | * संसदीय दलका उपनेता |- |सल्यान १ |[[प्रकाश ज्वाला]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |बारा ४ |[[कृष्णकुमार श्रेष्ठ|कृष्ण कुमार श्रेष्ठ]] | |- |दाङ १ |[[मेटमणि चौधरी]] | |- |डोल्पा १ |[[धनबहादुर बुढा|धन बहादुर बुढा]] | |- |दैलेख १ |[[अम्मरबहादुर थापा|अम्मर बहादुर थापा]] | |- |अछाम १ |[[शेरबहादुर कुँवर|शेर बहादुर कुँवर]] | |- |बझाङ्ग १ |[[भानुभक्त जोशी]] | |- |डोटी १ |[[प्रेमबहादुर आले]] | |}<!--Janamat--> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Janamat Party}}; color: white;" |जनमत पार्टी (६) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |सप्तरी २ |[[चन्द्रकान्त राउत|चन्द्र कान्त राउत]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |मुस्लिम |[[अब्दुल खान|अब्दुल खाँ]] | * संसदीय दलका उपनेता |- |मधेशी |[[अनितादेवी साह]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |खस आर्य |[[गोमा लाभ]] | * सचेतक |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[विनिताकुमारी सिंह|बिनिताकुमारी सिंह]] | |- |आदिवासी जनजाति |[[सोनु मुर्मु]] | |}<!--LSPN--> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal}};" |लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी (४) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |महोत्तरी ३ |[[महन्थ ठाकुर]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |महोत्तरी २ |[[शरतसिंह भण्डारी|शरत सिंह भण्डारी]] | |- |सर्लाही १ |[[रामप्रकाश चौधरी|राम प्रकाश चौधरी]] | |- |रुपन्देही ४ |[[सर्वेन्द्रनाथ शुक्ल|सर्वेन्द्र नाथ शुक्ला]] | |}<!--Unmukti--> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Nagrik Unmukti Party}}; color: white;" |नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी (४) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |कैलाली १ |[[रञ्जिता श्रेष्ठ|रन्जिता श्रेष्ठ]] | * संसदीय दलको नेता |- |कैलाली ३ |[[गङ्गाराम चौधरी|गङ्गा राम चौधरी]] | * प्रमुख सचेतक |- |कैलाली २ |[[अरुणकुमार चौधरी|अरुन कुमार चौधरी]] | * सचेतक * वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २० देखि निलम्बित |- |बर्दिया २ |[[लालविर चौधरी]] | * स्वतन्त्रबाट निर्वाचित |}<!--Majdoor Kisan--> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Nepal Workers Peasants Party}}; color: white;" |नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी (१) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |भक्तपुर १ |[[प्रेम सुवाल]] | |}<!--Janamorcha--> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Rastriya Janamorcha}}; color: white;" |राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा (१) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |बागलुङ १ |[[चित्रबहादुर केसी|चित्र बहादुर के.सी.]] | |}<!--Independent--> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="3" style="width: 800pt; background:{{party color|Independent}};" |स्वतन्त्र (३) |- ! style="width:150pt;" |निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! style="width:250pt;" |सदस्य !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- |मोरङ्ग ५ |[[योगेन्द्र मण्डल]] | |- |सर्लाही ४ |[[अमरेशकुमार सिंह|अमरेश कुमार सिह]] | |- |रौतहट ३ |[[प्रभु साह]] | |} === निलम्बन === {| class="wikitable" !सदस्य !निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! colspan="2" |'''दल''' !मिति !कारण |- |टेक बहादुर गुरुङ |मनाङ्ग १ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |वि.सं. २०७९ पुष १२ |भ्रष्टाचार मुद्दा खेपिरहेको<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/12/27/167213879294859173.html|title=भ्रष्टाचार मुद्दा खेपिरहेका टेकबहादुर गुरुङको सांसद पद निलम्बन|last=Shrestha|first=Makar|date=27 December 2022|website=Ekantipur|language=ne|trans-title=MP Tek Bahadur Gurung suspended pending corruption charges|access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> |- |अरुण कुमार चौधरी |कैलाली २ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nagrik Unmukti Party}}" | |[[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] |वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २० |सार्वजनिक सम्पत्तिमा आगजनी गरेको आरोपमा जेल चलान<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/kailali-mp-arun-kumar-chaudhary-jail.html|title=Kailali court sends MP Arun Kumar Chaudhary to jail as he doesn't choose the fine option - OnlineKhabar English News|last=|date=2023-02-03|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> |} === दलबदल === {| class="wikitable" !सदस्य !निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह !मिति ! colspan="2" |देखि ! colspan="2" |मा |- |लालविर चौधरी |बर्दिया २ |वि.सं. २०७९ पुष ८<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dhakiyakhabar.com/news/2022/12/23/1539|title=स्वतन्त्र सांसद लालवीर नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टीमा प्रवेश|website=dhakiyakhabar.com|language=en|access-date=2022-12-25}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225151843/https://dhakiyakhabar.com/news/2022/12/23/1539 |date=2022-12-25 }}</ref> | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" | |[[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nagrik Unmukti Party}}" | |[[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] |- |किरण कुमार साह |रौतहट २ |वि.सं. २०७९ पुष १८<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/291102/|title=स्वतन्त्र सांसद किरणकुमार साह एमाले प्रवेश|last=|first=|date=3 January 2023|website=Setopati|language=ne|access-date=2 January 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103022605/https://www.setopati.com/politics/291102 |date=3 January 2023 }}</ref> | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" | |[[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |} === रिक्तता === {| class="wikitable" !सदस्य !निर्वाचन क्षेत्र/समावेशी समूह ! colspan="2" |दल !मिति !कारण |- |रवि लामिछाने |चितवन २ | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Swatantra Party}}" | |[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] |वि.सं. २०७९ माघ १३ |[[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]द्वारा नागरिकता अवैध रहेको फैसला<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/01/27/supreme-court-annuals-rabi-lamichhane-s-status-as-lawmaker|title=Supreme Court annuls Rabi Lamichhane’s status as lawmaker|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-01-27}}</ref> |} == राष्ट्रिय सभाका सदस्यहरू == {| width="600px" |<gallery mode="slideshow" caption="{{nowrap|दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसदको राष्ट्रिय सभा}}"> चित्र:Nepal National Assembly 02 2023.svg|वि.सं. २०७९ माघ २५ मा रिक्त पदका लागि उपनिर्वाचन पश्चात् चित्र:Nepal NationalAssembly 2022.svg|दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसदको कार्यकालको प्रारम्भमा </gallery> |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |दल !वर्तमान<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://na.parliament.gov.np/np/members|title=सदस्यहरू|website=na.parliament.gov.np|access-date=2022-11-23}}</ref> |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |१८{{Efn|name=NOM|}} |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |१६{{Efn|name=NOM|}} |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |१० |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |८ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}" | |[[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]] |३ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal}}" | |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]] |१ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Janamorcha}}" | |[[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]] |१ |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" | |स्वतन्त्र |२{{Efn|name=NOM|}} |- ! colspan="2" |Total !५९ |} {| class="wikitable" !श्रेणी !नाम ! colspan="2" |राजनैतिक दल !पदभार ग्रहण !दर्जा !विभाग र जिम्मेवारी |- ! colspan="7" |[[कोशी प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |देवेन्द्र दाहाल | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] संसदीय दलको नेता |- |खुला |गोपाल बस्नेत | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |रमेशजङ्ग रायमाझी | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | * [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] संसदीय दलको नेता |- |महिला |इन्दिरा गौतम | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |महिला |जयन्ती राई | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |महिला |बिना पोखरेल | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |गोपी अछामी | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का प्रमुख सचेतक |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |सोनाम ग्याल्जेन शेर्पा | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- ! colspan="7" |[[मधेश प्रदेश|मधेस प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |मृगेन्द्रसिंह यादव | bgcolor="{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}" | |[[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |खुला |मोहम्मद खालिद सिद्दिकी | bgcolor="{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}" | |[[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |जितेन्द्र देव | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |महिला |तुलसा दाहाल | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |महिला |उर्मिला अर्याल | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | * राष्ट्रिय सभाका उपाध्यक्ष |- |महिला |प्रमिला कुमारी | bgcolor="{{party color|People's Socialist Party, Nepal}}" | |[[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |राधेश्याम पासवान | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |शेखर सिंह | bgcolor="{{party color|Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal}}" | |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- ! colspan="7" |[[बागमती प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |[[बेदुराम भुसाल]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] संसदीय दलको नेता |- |खुला |कृष्णप्रसाद पौडेल | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |खिमलाल देवकोटा | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" | |[[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] |२०७८ जेठ १४<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2021/28/187118/|title=Newly elected NA member Devkota taking oath today|website=खबरहब|language=en|access-date=2021-05-31}}</ref> |३ | |- |महिला |गङ्गा बेल्बासे | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का सचेतक |- |महिला |ग‍ोमादेवी तिमल्सिना | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |महिला |पार्वती रावल | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |सिंहबहादुर विश्वकर्मा | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |रामचन्द्र राई दनुवार | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- ! colspan="7" |[[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |[[नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | * [[नेपालको उपप्रधानमन्त्री|उपप्रधान]] तथा [[भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालय|भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्री]] * [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] संसदीय दलको नेता |- |खुला |सुरेश आले मगर | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |[[गणेशप्रसाद तिमिल्सिना|गणेशप्रसाद तिमील्सिना]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | * राष्ट्रिय सभाका अध्यक्ष |- |महिला |भगवती न्यौपाने | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |महिला |कमला पन्त | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |महिला |दीपा गुरुङ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |भुवन सुनार | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |प्रकाश पन्थ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- ! colspan="7" |[[लुम्बिनी प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |गोपाल भट्टराई | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |खुला |युवराज शर्मा | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |कुमार दसौंदी | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७९ माघ २७<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/02/10/national-assembly-member-dasaudi-takes-oath|title=National Assembly member Dasaudi takes oath|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> |३ | |- |महिला |विमला घिमिरे | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |महिला |राज्यलक्ष्मी गैरे | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |महिला |अनिता देवकोटा | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |तुलप्रसाद विक | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Janamorcha}}" | |[[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |जगप्रसाद शर्मा | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- ! colspan="7" |[[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |मायाप्रसाद आचार्य | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |खुला |उदय बोहरा | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |भैरवसुन्दर श्रेष्ठ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |महिला |सुमित्रा विसी | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |महिला |दुर्गा गुरुङ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |महिला |नन्द शर्मा | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |नरपति लुवार | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |नरबहादुर विस्ट | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- ! colspan="7" |[[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]] |- |खुला |तारामान स्वाँर | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |खुला |नारायणदत्त मिश्र | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |खुला |हरिराम चौधरी | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |महिला |शारदा भट्ट | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७६ फागुन २१ |१ | |- |महिला |मदनकुमारी शाह | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |महिला |इन्दु कडरिया | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- |दलित |जगत पार्की | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७८ फागुन २० |२ | |- |अपाङ्ग/अल्पसङ्ख्यक |महेशकुमार महरा | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७४ फागुन २० |३ | |- ! colspan="7" |मनोनीत |- | |[[वामदेव गौतम]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent}}" | |[[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] |२०७७ असोज १<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2020/09/17/government-recommends-to-president-bamdev-gautam-s-nomination-to-the-national-assembly|title=Bamdev Gautam sworn in as a member of National Assembly|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English|access-date=2020-11-12}}</ref> |१ | |- | |नारायण दाहाल | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२०७८ चैत २९<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/narayan-dahal-national-assembly.html|title=Narayan Dahal, Pushpa Kamal's brother, gets the National Assembly membership - OnlineKhabar English News|date=2022-04-09|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/04/12/164974751094477359.html|title=राष्ट्रिय सभाका मनोनीत सदस्य दाहालले लिए शपथ|date=2022-04-12|language=ne|access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref> |२ | |- | |[[विमला राई पौड्याल]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२०७४ फागुन २६ |३ | * [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्री]] |} == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपाली विधायकहरूको सूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका सांसदहरू २०७९–२०८२| ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको राष्ट्रिय सभाका सदस्यहरू]] 72q6gnakx13z540kuhbyerqltjxm1rg 0 133778 1368378 1339740 2026-08-03T16:46:08Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Fulbari | image = | caption = Fulbari movie official poster | director = [[रामबाबु गुरुङ|राम बाबु गुरुङ]] | writer = [[उपेन्द्र सुब्बा]] | producer = Manish Dhakal | starring = [[दयाहाङ राई]]<br/>[[विपिन कार्की|बिपिन कार्की]]<br/>[[प्रियङ्का कार्की]]<br/>Aruna Karki | cinematography = Manoj Shrestha | music = Kali Prashad Baskota | studio = G21 Production | distributor = Yasoda Films | released = {{Film date|df=yes/no|2023|02|17|Nepal|ref1=}} | country = [[नेपाली]] | language = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] | gross = 4.8 Crore }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''फुलबारी''' ( [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] : फुलबारी) G21 प्रोडक्सनको ब्यानरमा [[उपेन्द्र सुब्बा]] द्वारा लिखित र [[रामबाबु गुरुङ|राम बाबु गुरुङ]] द्वारा निर्देशित 2023 को नेपाली चलचित्र हो। मनिष ढकालले निर्माण गरेका हुन् । १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा रिलिज भएको यस फिल्ममा [[दयाहाङ राई]], [[विपिन कार्की]], [[प्रियङ्का कार्की|प्रियंका कार्की]], अरुणा कार्की र अन्य कलाकारहरुको अभिनय रहेको छ ।यो फिल्म ईलाममा बनाईएको हो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Gurung making ‘Phulbari’ with Bipin Karki and Dayahang Rai |url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2022/11/267246/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Khabarhub |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lin |first=Kristian |date=2023-02-15 |title=Film Shorts // February 15-21, 2023 |url=https://www.fwweekly.com/2023/02/15/film-shorts-february-15-21-2023/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Fort Worth Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-24 |title=Josh Herum, US cinematographer who worked for Nepali films, says they need to focus on originality - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/josh-herum-on-nepali-films.html |access-date=2023-06-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == प्लट == एउटा परिवारलाई आमाको स्वास्थ्य अवस्थाले चुनौती दिएको छ र तीन हुर्केका छोराहरू आफ्नो आमा र बुबाको लागि साँच्चै त्यहाँ हुन आफ्नै जीवनमा व्यस्त छन्। <ref>{{Cite web |title=A fresh face in films |url=http://kathmandupost.com/movie-review/2023/02/24/a-fresh-face-in-films |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> == जात == फुलबारी का कलाकार * [[दयाहाङ राई]] * [[विपिन कार्की|बिपिन कार्की]] * [[प्रियङ्का कार्की|प्रियंका कार्की]] * अरुणा कार्की * [[शिल्पा मास्के]] * गौमाया गुरुङ == रिलीज == चलचित्र १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा नेपालभर रिलिज भएको थियो । यो फिल्मले कुल ४ करोड ८८ लाख अनुमानित कुल कमाई गरेको थियो । <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-17 |title=राम बाबु गुरुङको फिल्म 'फुलबारी' आजबाट हलमा |url=https://onlinepatrika.com/content/20190 |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=onlinepatrika |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == <references /> == बाह्य लिङ्कहरू == * {{IMDb title|tt25828590}} [[श्रेणी:सन् २०२३ का चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली नाटक चलचित्रहरू]] nh4fc6cnt7002uoz0rz5iv68hewuuzw 0 141791 1368376 1257811 2026-08-03T16:33:45Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 सुधार गरियो 1368376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रकान्त सम्पत''' (१९२९-२०१५)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tribute to the Father of Value Investing in India |url=https://bltpindia.com/wordpress/index.php/2023/02/01/tribute-to-father-of-value-investing-in-india/#:~:text=Late%20Shri%20Chandrakant%20Sampat%20was,for%20his%20successful%20investment%20strategies.|access-date=Mar 05, 2019|website=https://bltpindia.com/|language=en}}</ref> को सन् १९२९ मा गुजराती परिवारमा जन्म भएको थियो। सन् १९५० को दशकमा आफ्नो पारिवारिक व्यवसाय छाडेर २६ वर्षको उमेरमा उनले भारतीय बजारमा लगानी गर्न थाले । उनको सफल लगानी रणनीतिका लागि उनलाई [[वारेन बफेट]]सँग तुलना गर्थे। सन् १९७० को दशकमा विदेशी विनिमय नियमन ऐन (FERA) लागू भएपछि अन्य लगानीकर्ताहरूले आफ्नो आन्तरिक मूल्यभन्दा कम मूल्यमा इक्विटी घटाउने कम्पनीहरूको वास्तविक मूल्य बुझ्नुअघि नै बहुराष्ट्रिय कम्पनीहरू उठाएर उनले ठूलो सम्पत्ति कमाए। "भारतमा मूल्य लगानीको पिता" भनेर चिनिने चन्द्रकान्त सम्पतले लगानीकर्ताहरूको सम्पूर्ण पुस्तालाई प्रेरित गरे। उहाँ दृढता र कडा अनुशासनको व्यक्ति हुनुहुन्थ्यो, यसले उहाँलाई भारतको सबैभन्दा ठूलो लगानीकर्ता बनायो। उनले [[डीमार्ट]] रिटेल चेनका संस्थापक र मालिक र मूल्य लगानीकर्ता [[राधाकिशन दमानी]] लगायत धेरै भारतीय लगानीकर्ताहरूलाई प्रेरित र मार्गदर्शन गरेको भनिन्छ। ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== चन्द्रकान्त सम्पत योग र दौड सहित सक्रिय र सरल जीवन बिताइरहेका थिए। उनको दैनिकी ८ मिनेटमा एक माइल दौडने थियो । कार भए पनि कार्यालय जानका लागि उनी प्रायः सार्वजनिक यातायात प्रयोग गर्थे । आफ्नो वर्ली अपार्टमेन्टको सुत्ने कोठामा किताब र पत्रिकाहरूले घेरिएका सम्पत देशका सबैभन्दा सफल लगानीकर्ताहरूमध्ये एक थिए। ==मृत्यु== ८६ वर्षीय लगानीकर्ता सक्रिय सादा जीवन बिताए। सन् २०१५ को सुरुमा ८६ वर्षको उमेरमा सम्पतको निधन भएको थियो । <ref>{{Cite web|title= chandrakant sampat died at 86|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/when-dalal-streets-original-value-investor-prophesied-doom-for-indias-capital-markets/articleshow/68265532.cms?from=mdr|access-date=Mar 05, 2019|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ == {{reflist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== *[[सेयर बजार क्र्यास]] *[[आर्थिक सङ्कटहरूको सूची]] {{stub}} 9ug2mtpf3w73avtpsk968nagmdb7ntq 0 141877 1368395 1322977 2026-08-04T03:24:20Z ~2026-43009-39 80118 1368395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बङ्गाली संस्कृति''' वा '''बङ्गालको संस्कृति''' [[दक्षिण एसिया|दक्षिण एसियाली]] क्षेत्रमा [[बङ्गाली जाति|बङ्गाली]]हरूद्वारा स्थापित गरिएको संस्कृति हो जसमध्ये [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[बङ्गाली भाषा|बङ्गाली]] एक मात्र राष्ट्रिय र राज्यभाषा हो भने [[भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू|भारतीय राज्य]]हरू [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[त्रिपुरा]] र [[असम|आसाम]]को पनि बङ्गाली भाषा प्रमुख र आधिकारिक भाषा हो। बङ्गालीहरूको लगभग १ हजार ४ सय वर्षको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृति छ। दक्षिण एसियामा, [[बङ्गाल|बङ्गाल क्षेत्र]]को आफ्नै सम्पदा र विशिष्ट संस्कृति छ। त्यतिबेला बङ्गाल सबैभन्दा धनी क्षेत्र थियो। बङ्गाल क्षेत्र त्यस समयको उपमहाद्वीपीय राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्र थियो। बङ्गालले अझै पनि दक्षिण एसियाली संस्कृतिको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ र बङ्गाली संस्कृतिका उत्सवहरू विश्वव्यापी रूपमा मनाउने गरिन्छ। बङ्गाली संस्कृति धार्मिक र राष्ट्रिय दृष्टिकोणबाट पूर्णतया भिन्न छ। बङ्गाली प्रमुख जातीय भाषिक समूह हो। ढाका मुगल बङ्गालको राजधानी र मुगल भारतको व्यापारिक राजधानी (सन् १६१०-१७५७) बनेको थियो। ढाका विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी बङ्गाली वृहत् सहर हो भने [[मुम्बई]] र [[दिल्ली]] पछि [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]मा तेस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी वृहत् सहर पनि हो। बङ्गाल प्रदेशको एक भागको रूपमा बङ्गालले बेलायती शासनको समयमा यस क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा उन्नत राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्रको रूपमा चर्चा पाएको थियो। [[भारतको प्रशासनिक विभाजन|विभाजन]] पछि, बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति मूलधारको बङ्गाली संस्कृतिबाट छुट्टिएको भने यसरी उनीहरूको संस्कृति पनि फरक तरिकाले विकसित भएको थियो। अझै पनि बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति र पश्चिम बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा धेरै समानताहरू छन् जसले उनीहरू दुवैलाई बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको रूपमा एकसाथ जोड्दछ। == साहित्य == {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 340 | image_style = | caption_align = center | perrow = 4 | image1 = Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption1 = बङ्किमचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image2 = Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg | caption2 = [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] | image3 = Nazrul.jpg | caption3 = [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] | image4 = Begum Rokeya.jpg | caption4 = [[बेगम रोकेया]] | image5 = Mir mosharraf hossain.jpg | caption5 = मीर मशर्रफ हुसेन | image6 = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption6 = शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image7 = Upendrokishor-ray.gif | caption7 = उपेन्द्रकिशोर रायचौधुरी | image8 = Jibanananda Das (1899–1954).jpg | caption8 = [[जीवनानन्द दास]] | image9 = Sunil Gangopadhyay 4190.JPG | caption9 = सुनील गङ्गोपाध्याय | image10 = Humayun Ahmed 13Nov2010.jpg | caption10 = [[हुमायुन आहमेद]]}} बङ्गाली भाषामा लेखिएका साहित्यिक कृतिहरूलाई बङ्गाली साहित्य भनिन्छ। ७औँ शताब्दीको बीचतिर बङ्गाली भाषामा साहित्य लेखन सुरु भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ। १० र १२औँ शताब्दीको बीचमा लेखिएको बौद्ध दोहा-सङ्कलन चार्यपद बङ्गाली साहित्यको सबैभन्दा पुरानो नमुनाहरूमध्ये एक हो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्य कविताप्रमुख थिए। [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]] [[एसिया]]को सबैभन्दा विकसित साहित्यिक परम्पराहरू मध्ये एक हो। प्राचीन संस्कृत र मगधी प्राकृतको वंशको रूपमा [[बङ्गाली भाषा]]को विकास लगभग १०००-१२०० ईस्वीमा पाल साम्राज्य र सेन वंशको अधीनमा भएको थियो। यो बङ्गाल सल्तनतको आधिकारिक दरबारी भाषा बन्दै यसले [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] र [[फारसी भाषा|फारसी]]को प्रभावलाई अवशोषित गरेको थियो। मध्ययुगीन बङ्गालीहरूले १६औँ र १७औँ शताब्दीमा धर्मनिरपेक्ष साहित्यको विकास गराएका थिए। यो भाषा अराकानमा पनि बोलिने गरिन्थ्यो। [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा बङ्गाली पुनर्जागरणले १९औँ शताब्दीको अन्त्य र २०औँ शताब्दीको सुरुमा भाषाको आधुनिक मानकीकृत रूपको विकास गरेको थियो। [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] सन् १९१३ मा साहित्यमा [[नोबेल साहित्य पुरस्कार|नोबेल पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गर्ने प्रथम बङ्गाली लेखक बनेका थिए भने उनी प्रथम गैर-युरोपेली नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता पनि थिए। [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] [[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारत]]को विद्रोही कविको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्। बङ्गालको विभाजन पछि पूर्वी बङ्गालमा एक विशिष्ट साहित्यिक संस्कृतिको विकास हुन पुगेको थियो भने तत्कालीन [[पूर्वी पाकिस्तान]] पछि गएर स्वतन्त्र [[बङ्गलादेश]] बनेको थियो। === प्राचीन युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको प्राचीन युग इस्वी संवत् ६५० देखि १२०० बीच रहेको छ । यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली भाषा फस्टाएको गइरहेको थियो भने बङ्गाली साहित्यमा पहिला उदाहरणहरू लेखिएका थिए। प्राचीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा कविता, गीत, कथा, नाटक आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाल सल्तनतद्वारा पहिलो एकीकृत, सांस्कृतिक बङ्गाली पहिचानको गठन गरिएको भएसँगै १३औँ शताब्दीको उत्तरार्धमा बङ्गालीलाई पहिलो पटक अदालतले आधिकारिक भाषाको रूपमा मान्यता दिएको थियो। * बौद्ध धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा त्रिपिटक, महावंश, जातक, गीता, महाभारत, रामायण आदि समावेश छन्। * हिन्दू धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। === मध्ययुग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन काल सन् १२०० देखि १८०० बीच रहेको छ। बङ्गाली साहित्य यस अवधिमा आफ्नो स्वर्णयुगबाट गुज्रिएको थियो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा वैष्णव शब्द, शाक्त शब्द, सूफीवादी शब्द आदि समावेश छन्। * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा रामायण, महाभारत, पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। * गद्य साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा बङ्ग साहित्य परिचय, चैतन्य चरित्रमृत, बृहतकोश, रामायण, महाभारत आदि समावेश छन्। === आधुनिक युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको आधुनिक युग सन् १८०० देखि हालसम्म रहेको छ। यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली साहित्य विश्व साहित्यसँग जोडिँदै आधुनिकतातर्फ अघि बढेको थियो। यस युगका अग्रणी कविहरूमा [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]], [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]], जसिमुद्दीन, जीवनानन्द दास आदि पर्दछन्। भने कथाकारहरूमा शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, प्रमथनाथ बरुआ, आशापूर्णा देवी आदि पर्दछन् यस्तै गरि उपन्यासकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, समरेश मजुमदार आदि पर्दछन्। यस्तै गरि नाटककारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, द्विजेन्द्रलाल राय, बङ्किम चट्टोपाध्याय, माइकल मधुसूदन दत्त, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, अतुल प्रसाद सेन, सत्यजीत राय र निबन्धकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, प्रमथ चौधरी, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, रवीन्द्रनाथ त्रिवेदी, विधान चन्द्र राय आदि पर्दछन्। ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव व्यापक छ। मध्ययुगकालीन बङ्गालमा इस्लामको विकास भयो र यसको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]]मा प्रतिबिम्बित भएका थिए। इस्लामको प्रभाव बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कविता, गद्य, नाटक, लोक साहित्य आदिमा देख्न सकिन्छ। बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कालमा धार्मिक साहित्य फस्टाएको थियो। यस अवधिमा वैष्णव, शाक्त र सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूको रचना गरिएको थियो। यी पदहरूले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू प्रतिबिम्बित गर्दछन्। उदाहरणका लागि, वैष्णव श्लोकले अल्लाहलाई भगवान विष्णुको रूपमा वर्णन गर्दछ जबकि सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूले अल्लाहको प्रेम र भक्तिको बारेमा बताउँदछ। बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावलाई निम्नानुसार विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ: * भाषिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली भाषाको व्याकरण र शब्दावलीहरूमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली भाषामा थुप्रै अरबी र फारसी शब्दहरू प्रयोग गरिएका छन्। * विषयगत प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको विषयवस्तुमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको धार्मिक र नैतिक शिक्षालाई जोड दिएको थियो। * धार्मिक र सामाजिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको धार्मिक र सामाजिक दृष्टिकोणमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगीन कालमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गरेको थियो। * बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावले बङ्गाली साहित्यको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्य समृद्ध र विविध भएको छ। == खेलकुद == [[चित्र:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|সংযোগ=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालामा [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]का समर्थकहरू]] [[चित्र:Shere Bangla National Stadium.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालाको एक दृश्य]] बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा खेलकुद एक समृद्ध र विविध सम्पदा हो। बङ्गालीहरूले युगौँदेखि विभिन्न खेलहरूमा भाग लिँदै आइरहेका छन्। यी खेलहरू बङ्गालीहरूको संस्कृति र जीवनशैलीको एक प्रमुख भाग बनिसकेको छ। '''बङ्गालको परम्परागत खेलहरूमा निम्न समावेश छन्:''' * [[कबड्डी]]: एक लोकप्रिय खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई टोलीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। एक टोलीका खेलाडीहरू अर्को टोलीको क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्छन् र आफ्नो टोलीका सदस्यहरूलाई बोलाउँछन्। अन्य टोलीका खेलाडीको काम विपक्षी टोलीका सदस्यलाई समात्नु हो। * [[लुडो]]: वा सामान्य भाषामा पोट, एक लोकप्रिय बोर्ड खोल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा चार खेलाडीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा आफ्ना गोटीहरू सार्दै खेल खेल्छन्। * [[बुद्धिचाल]]: एक रणनीतिक बोर्ड खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई खेलाडीले एकअर्काविरुद्ध प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले आफ्नो कालो र सेतो गोटीहरू विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा सारेर खेल खेल्छन्। * डण्डीबियो: ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|ডাংগুলি}}) (डाङ्गुली) केटाहरूले खेल्ने एक परम्परागत खल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच निकै लोकप्रिय छ। यो खेलमा दुई वा दुईभन्दा बढी खेलाडीहरू मिलेर खेल्ने गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले एक विशिष्ट ढाँचामा बियोहरू राख्छन् डण्डीले हिर्काउँदै खेल्ने गर्छन्। '''बङ्गाल क्षेत्रमा खेलिने आधुनिक खेलहरूमा निम्नानुसार छन्:''' * [[क्रिकेट]]: बङ्गालीहरूको बीचमा सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]] अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटको जगतको निकै सफल मानिन्छ। * [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]]: बङ्गालीहरू बीच दोस्रो सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको जगतमा फड्को मार्दै छ। * टेनिस: टेनिस बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * [[ब्याडमिन्टन]]: बङ्गालीहरूमाझ एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * हकी: बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[चित्र:Lathi_khela,_Ancient_Festival_-_Shamim_Tirmizi.jpg|thumb|[[टाङ्गाइल जिल्ला|टाङ्गाइल]]मा आयोजित लठ्ठी खेल।]] [[चित्र:Rowing_on_Canal.jpg|right|thumb| वर्षाको समयमा आयोजना गरिने डुङ्गा खियाउँदै खेलिने डुङ्गा दौड प्रतियोगिता।]] परम्परागत बङ्गाली खेलहरूमा विभिन्न [[मार्सल आर्ट|मार्सल कला]] र दौड खेलहरू समावेश रहेतापनि बेलायतीहरूद्वारा खेल्न सुरु गरिएका खेल, क्रिकेट र फुटबल हाल बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। ऐतिहासिकरूपमा लठ्ठी खेल आफ्नो जमिन र सम्पत्तिको रक्षा गर्न वा अरूको जमिन र सम्पत्ति हडप्न एक तरिका थियो। बङ्गालका जमिनदारहरूले तालिम प्राप्त लठ्ठी खेलाडीहरूलाई हिरासतमा राखी भाडादारहरूबाट जबर्जस्ती कर उठाउने साधनको रूपमा नियुक्त गर्ने गरेका थिए। <ref name="prothom-alo">''[http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82 ঈদ উৎসবের নানা রং] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103042311/http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82|date=३ नोभेम्बर २०१३}}'',সাইমন জাকারিয়া, দৈনিক প্রথম আলো। ঢাকা থেকে প্রকাশের मिति: আগস্ট ০২, ২০১৩</ref> राष्ट्रव्यापी लठ्ठी खेल प्रतियोगिता सन् १९८९ सम्म [[कुष्टिया जिल्ला|कुष्टिया]] जिल्लामा हरेक वर्ष आयोजना गरिने गरिन्थ्यो यद्यपि यसको अभ्यास घट्दै गइरहेको छ हाल यो खेल केही चाडपर्व र उत्सवहरूमा मात्र सीमित छ।<ref name="dhakamirror.com">{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=13 December 2011|प्रकाशक=dhakamirror.com|शीर्षक=Lathi Khela to celebrate Tangail Free Day|युआरएल=http://www.dhakamirror.com/nation/lathi-khela-to-celebrate-tangail-free-day/|पहुँचमिति=9 June 2013}}</ref> [[कुस्ती]] अर्को लोकप्रिय रक्षात्मक र आफ्नो प्रतिद्वन्द्वीलाई पछार्ने खेल हो जसका धेरै क्षेत्रीय रूपहरू छन्। जस्तै; सन् १८८९ मा [[चट्टोग्राम]]का जमिनदार कादिर बख्सले बलीखेला नामक कुस्ती खेलको सुुरुवात गरेका थिए। अब्दुल जब्बार भनिने एक व्यापारीले सन् १९०७ मा बङ्गालीहरूलाई ब्रिटिस आक्रमणकारीहरूसँग लड्न तयार पार्ने खेलको विकास गर्ने उद्देश्यले कुस्ती खेलको रूपान्तरण गरेका थिए। हाल यसलाई जब्बारको कस्ती खेलको नामले चिनिन्छ।<ref name="independent">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299:jabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175:weekend-independent&Itemid=213|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela: Better Than WWE|अन्तिम=Zaman|प्रथम=Jaki|मिति=10 May 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104225255/http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299%3Ajabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175%3Aweekend-independent&Itemid=213|अभिलेखमिति=4 November 2013|प्रकाशक=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="thedailystar.net">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jabbarer-boli-khela-tomorrow/|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela tomorrow|मिति=24 April 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|प्रकाशक=The Daily Star}}</ref> सन् १९७२ मा लोकप्रिय [[कबड्डी]] खेललाई बङ्गलादेशको राष्ट्रिय खेल बनाइएको थियो। यो कबड्डी खेलको एक नियन्त्रित संस्करण थियो जसमा कुनै विशिष्ट नियम थिएन। बङ्गलादेश कबड्डी महासङ्घको स्थापना सन् १९७३ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Faroqi, Gofran|article=Kabadi}}</ref> [[चित्र:Shakib_Al_Hasan_(7).jpg|thumb|बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोलीका खेलाडी [[साकिब आल हासान]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Bangladeshi Player Shakib Al Hasan named best all-rounder in all formats by ICC: Some interesting facts about the cricketer|मिति=27 June 2015|स्थान=New Delhi, India|वेबसाइट=India Today}}</ref><ref name="shakib">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-why-shakib-al-hasan-is-one-of-cricket-s-greatest-allrounders-1219732|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|मिति=23 March 2020|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.tbsnews.net/sports/where-does-shakib-rank-among-greatest-all-rounders-106672|शीर्षक=Where does Shakib rank among the greatest all-rounders?|मिति=15 July 2020|कार्य=Business Standard|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Cricfrenzy.com|प्रथम=Z. Ahmed|मिति=1 August 2020|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक="I don't play to be the best all-rounder of all time": Shakib Al Hasan|युआरएल=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/en/article/127412/%E2%80%9CI-don%E2%80%99t-play-to-be-the-best-all-rounder-of-all-time%E2%80%9D--Shakib-Al-Hasan-|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=cricfrenzy.com}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=24 March 2020|भाषा=en|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28945972/why-shakib-al-hasan-one-cricket-greatest-allrounders|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Parida|प्रथम=Bastab K.|मिति=5 July 2019|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Greatest all-rounder of 21st century debate – where does Shakib Al Hasan stand?|युआरएल=https://sportscafe.in/cricket/articles/2019/jul/05/greatest-all-rounder-of-21-st-century-debate-where-does-shakib-al-hasan-stand|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=SportsCafe.in}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Best All-Rounders in Cricket History|युआरएल=https://www.thetoptens.com/cricket/all-rounders-cricket/|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=TheTopTens}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Is Shakib Al Hasan a greater allrounder than Garry Sobers?|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/anantha-narayanan-is-shakib-al-hasan-a-greater-allrounder-than-garry-sobers-1257937|पहुँचमिति=25 April 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>]] [[चित्र:Mohammed_Salim_(Indian_footballer)_having_feet_bandaged_at_Celtic_FC,_1936_photograph.jpg|right|thumb|मोहम्मद सलिम, विदेशी क्लबबाट खेल्ने प्रथम दक्षिण एसियाली फुटबल खेलाडी हुन्। खाली खुट्टा फुटबल खेलेका कारण सन् १९३६ मा जिमी म्याकमेनीले उनको खुट्टामा पट्टि लगाउँदै गरेको दृश्य।]] == पहिरन == [[चित्र:Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pohela Falgun.jpg|thumb|बङ्गाली महिलाहरू]] बङ्गाली पहिरन एक विविध परम्परा हो जुन समयको साथ परिवर्तन हुँदै आइरहेको छ। प्राचीन कालमा बङ्गालीहरूले मुख्यतया रूखको बोक्रा, जनावरको छाला र पातबाट बनेको लुगा लगाउने गर्दथे। आर्यहरूको आगमनपछि बङ्गालीहरूले कपास, रेशम र अन्य प्राकृतिक सामग्रीबाट बनेका पहिरनहरू लगाउन थाले। प्राचीन बङ्गालमा सिलाएका लुगाहरू अशुद्ध मानिन्थ्यो। बङ्गालमा मुसलमान शासकहरूको आगमनपछि मध्य एसियाका मुगल शासकहरूले ल्याएको गोलजमास र सलवार-कमीज जस्ता सिलाएका लुगाहरू बङ्गाली महिलाहरूमाझ लोकप्रिय बनेका थिए। प्राचीन कालमा, लुगाहरू सामान्यतया बङ्गाली रेशम वा मलमलबाट बनाइने गरिन्थ्यो। विभिन्न समयको सामाजिक, राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनसँगै बङ्गाली पहिरनमा परिवर्तन आएको छ। यद्यपि, पहिरनहरूका केही विशेषताहरू सधैँ बङ्गाली संस्कृतिसँग सम्बन्धित नै छन्। बङ्गाली पहिरनको परम्परा हजारौँ वर्ष पुरानो छ। इस्लाम धर्मको आगमन अघि बङ्गालीहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका लुगाहरू लगाउँथे भने इस्लामको आगमन पछि, मुस्लिमहरूले आफ्नै धार्मिक पहिरनको विकास गरेका थिए। बङ्गालीहरूको पहिरन परम्परा विभिन्न तरिकामा अभिव्यक्त गरिएको छ। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली मुसलमानहरूले आफ्नो धार्मिक विश्वासझल्काउन आफ्नो पहिरनमा सेतो रङ्ग प्रयोग गर्ने गर्दछन्। उनीहरूले आफ्नो सामाजिक स्थिति प्रतिबिम्बित गर्न आफ्नो पहिरनमा विभिन्न प्रकारका कपडा र गहनाहरू पनि प्रयोग गरेका छन्। === पुरुष पहिरन === बङ्गाली पुरुषहरूको पहिरनमा पर्ने मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; पाइजामा, पञ्जाबी र टोपी आदि पर्दछन्। [[पाइजामा]] लामो खालको पोशाक हो जुन घुँडासम्म पुग्छ भने पञ्जाबी कमीज जस्तो लामो हुन्छ र घुँडासम्म पुग्ने खालको हुन्छ। बङ्गालीहरू टाउकोमा गोली आकारको टोपी लागाउने गर्दछन्। === महिलाको पहिरन === बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको पहिरनका मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; [[सारी]], सलवार [[कमीज]], बुर्का, हिजाब आदि पर्दछन्। साडी लामो र पातलो कपडाबाट बनेको हुन्छ जुन शरीरको वरिपरि लपेटेर लगाइन्छ। सलवार-कमीज दुई टुक्रे कपडा हो जुन साडीभन्दा सजिलै लगाउनको लागि बनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको अर्को मुख्य पहिरन [[बुर्का]] हो जुन अनुहार छोप्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। == विवाह == {{multiple image | align =right | direction = horizontal | image1 =Xploring Weddings 4 (3679389912).jpg | caption1 = बङ्गाली मुसलमान दम्पति | width1 = 200 | image2 =Pani Grahan - Bengali Hindu Wedding - Howrah 2015-12-06 7722.JPG | caption2 = बङ्गाली हिन्दुको विवाह समारोह | width2 = 200 }} बङ्गाली विवाह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो एक धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम हो जसले दुई व्यक्ति, महिला र पुरुष बीच वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्दछ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू प्राय: तामझामले भरिएका हुन्छन् भने यसमा विभिन्न धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक रीतिरिवाजहरू समावेश गरिएका हुन्छन्। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह सामान्यतया केही दिनको लागि रहन्छ। पहिलो दिन दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा प्रस्ताव राख्ने गर्दछन्। यदि प्रस्ताव स्वीकार गरियो भने, दुलहाको परिवारले इस्लामी विवाह सम्झौताको एक कानुनी कागज बनाउँदछन् जसमा विवाहका सर्तहरू लेखिएका हुन्छन्। सम्झौता पत्र बनाएपछि दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा एउटा कार्यक्रम गर्छन्, जसलाई "गाए हल्दी" भनिन्छ। हल्दी समारोहमा, दुलहीको शरीरमा बेसारले पोतिन्छ जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह एक ठूलो सामाजिक कार्यक्रम हो। यस कार्यक्रममा प्रायः ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा अतिथिहरू उपस्थित हुन्छन्। विवाह समारोहहरू सामान्यतया विभिन्न प्रकारका खाना, सङ्गीत, नृत्य र गायनको साथ मनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाहमा [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]] र [[हिन्दु धर्म]]को प्रभाव निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। इस्लामधर्ममा विवाहलाई पवित्र बन्धनको रूपमा र जीवनको एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण अध्यायको रूपमा लिइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो दुई व्यक्तिबीच नयाँ जीवन सुरु गर्ने उत्सवको अवसर हो। बङ्गलादेशमा बङ्गाली विवाहका केही सामान्य रीतिरिवाज र परम्पराहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * हल्दी: यस अवसरमा दुलहीलाई बेसारले पोतिन्छ, जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। * विवाह समारोह: यस समारोहमा दुलहा र दुलहीले विभिन्न धार्मिक अनुष्ठान र हर्षोल्लासपूर्ण समारोहहरू पार गर्नु पर्दछ। * जन्ती जाने परम्परा: यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहासहित विवाहका लागि दुलहीको घरमा अतिथिहरू सहित उपस्थित हुन्छन्। * भोज : यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीपक्षलाई आफ्नो घरमा निमन्त्रणा गरि भोज खुवाउने चलन छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू समयको साथ परिवर्तन भएका छन्। आधुनिक युगमा, धेरै बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू छोटो र कम औपचारिक हुँदै गइरहेका छन्। यद्यपि, बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू अझै पनि बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। == खाना == बङ्गाली खाना र पकाउने शैली [[दक्षिण एसिया]]मै सबैभन्दा विविधतायुक्त छ। बङ्गाली भोजनको विशेषता यसको स्वाद र सुगन्ध झल्किन्छ। बङ्गाली खानाहरूमा मुख्यतया [[भात]], [[माछा]], [[मासु]], [[दाल]], [[तरकारी]], मिठाई आदिको पर्दछन्। बङ्गाली खानाको मुख्य विशेषता भनेको मसलाको प्रयोग हो। बङ्गाली खानाको स्वाद र सुगन्ध विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरूको साथ वृद्धि गरिएको छ। बङ्गाली खाना पकाउनमा ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा मसलाहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसमा [[बेसार]], [[खुर्सानी]], [[जीरा]], [[धनियाँ]], गरम मसाला, [[अदुवा]], [[लसुन]], [[प्याज]] आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाली भोजनका मुख्य अवयवहरू चामल, माछा, मासु, तरकारी, दाल र विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरू पर्दछन्। भात बङ्गालीहरूको मुख्य भोजन हो र यो सामान्यतया माछाको परिकार, मासुको परिकार वा पकाएको तरकारीको साथका मिसाएर खाइने गरिन्छ। माछा बङ्गालीहरूको सबैभन्दा मनपर्ने खाना हो र यसलाई तेलमा तारेर, उमालेर र पकाएर खाइन्छ। मासुहरू मध्ये कुखुरा, गाई र खसीको मासु यहाँ सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। तरकारीहरू मध्ये [[आलु]], [[भान्टा]], [[केराउ]] र [[परबर]] सबैभन्दा बढी प्रयोग गरिन्छ। दाल एक प्रोटिन युक्त खाना हो जुन सामान्यतया भातसँग मुसेर खाने गरिन्छ। == सञ्चारमाध्यम == [[चित्र:दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण.jpg|thumb|दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण, ९ नोभेम्बर १९९८]] बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यम बङ्गाली भाषी मानिसहरूलाई सूचना, संस्कृति, मनोरञ्जन आदि प्रदान गर्ने माध्यम हो। यो टेलिभिजन, रेडियो, पत्रपत्रिका, अनलाइन सञ्चार आदि सहित विभिन्न माध्यमहरू मिलेर बनेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा निजी टेलिभिजन च्यानलहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक त्यहाँ सरकारी स्वामित्वको [[बङ्गलादेश टेलिभिजन]] र बङ्गलादेश बेतार रहेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा दैनिक समाचारपत्रहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक साप्ताहिक, मासिक र त्रैमासिक पत्रिकाहरू पनि छन्। हाल बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा लोकप्रिय अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू रहेका छन्। यी माध्यमहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका समाचार, राय, विश्लेषण र मनोरञ्जनका सामग्रीहरू प्रदान गर्दछ। सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्रालय अन्तर्गतको चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागको पञ्जीकरण शाखाबाट पत्रपत्रिकाको दर्ता उपलब्ध गराइन्छ। चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागले प्रकाशित गरेको प्रतिवेदनअनुसार सन् २०१८ को जुन महिनामा ३ हजार ६१ वटा पत्रपत्रिका दर्ता भएका थिए। सन् २०२० डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म बङ्गलादेशमा दर्ता भएका समाचारपत्रहरूको सङ्ख्या ३,२१० (अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू बाहेक) रहेको छ जसमध्ये १,३५७ ढाकाबाट र १,८५३ अन्य जिल्लाहरूबाट प्रकाशित भएका छन्। यसमा १,३०९ दैनिक समाचारपत्र, ३ अर्ध-साप्ताहिक, १,२१४ साप्ताहिक, २१६ पन्ध्र दिने, ४२५ मासिक, ८ द्वैमासिक, ३० त्रैमासिक, १ त्रैमासिक, २ अर्ध-मासिक र २ वार्षिक समाचारपत्रहरू समावेश छन्।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=३० जुन २०१८|प्रकाशक=বাংলাদেশ চলচ্চিত্র ও প্রকাশনা অধিদপ্তর|शीर्षक=সারাদেশের নিবন্ধিত পত্র-পত্রিকার পরিসংখ্যান (জুন/২০১৮)|युआरएल=https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20(JUNE%202018)%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502074109/https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20%28JUNE%202018%29%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखमिति=२ मे २०२१|पहुँचमिति=८ नोभेम्बर २०१८}}</ref> प्रथोम आलो बङ्गलादेशमा सबैभन्दा धेरै पढिने र व्यापक रूपमा हेरिने बङ्गाली पत्रिका हो। आनन्दबजार पत्रिका भारतको सबैभन्दा धेरै प्रसारित हुने बङ्गाली समाचारपत्र हो। वर्तमान, प्रतिदिन, इत्तेफाक, जनकण्ठ आदि पनि व्यापक रूपमा पढिने गरिन्छ। द डेली स्टार, न्यु एज, ढाका ट्रिब्युन आदि प्रसिद्ध अङ्ग्रेजी समाचार पत्र हो। द स्टेट्सम्यान [[बङ्गाल]] क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा पुरानो अङ्ग्रेजी दैनिक हो जुन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट प्रकाशित हुन्छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लोकतन्त्र र समाजको विकासमा बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यमले महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। यसले मानिसहरूलाई सूचना प्रदान गर्दै उनीहरूमा जागरूकता बढाउने र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] h8uw8vfnoqueli5kh7id01kpbg3q55v 1368402 1368395 2026-08-04T03:47:36Z ~2026-42792-31 80119 1368402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बङ्गाली संस्कृति''' वा '''बङ्गालको संस्कृति''' [[दक्षिण एसिया|दक्षिण एसियाली]] क्षेत्रमा [[बङ्गाली जाति|बङ्गाली]]हरूद्वारा स्थापित गरिएको संस्कृति हो जसमध्ये [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[बङ्गाली भाषा|बङ्गाली]] एक मात्र राष्ट्रिय र राज्यभाषा हो भने [[भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू|भारतीय राज्य]]हरू [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[त्रिपुरा]] र [[असम|आसाम]]को पनि बङ्गाली भाषा प्रमुख र आधिकारिक भाषा हो। बङ्गालीहरूको लगभग १ हजार ४ सय वर्षको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृति छ। दक्षिण एसियामा, [[बङ्गाल|बङ्गाल क्षेत्र]]को आफ्नै सम्पदा र विशिष्ट संस्कृति छ। त्यतिबेला बङ्गाल सबैभन्दा धनी क्षेत्र थियो। बङ्गाल क्षेत्र त्यस समयको उपमहाद्वीपीय राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्र थियो। बङ्गालले अझै पनि दक्षिण एसियाली संस्कृतिको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ र बङ्गाली संस्कृतिका उत्सवहरू विश्वव्यापी रूपमा मनाउने गरिन्छ। बङ्गाली संस्कृति धार्मिक र राष्ट्रिय दृष्टिकोणबाट पूर्णतया भिन्न छ। बङ्गाली प्रमुख जातीय भाषिक समूह हो। ढाका मुगल बङ्गालको राजधानी र मुगल भारतको व्यापारिक राजधानी (सन् १६१०-१७५७) बनेको थियो। ढाका विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी बङ्गाली वृहत् सहर हो भने [[मुम्बई]] र [[दिल्ली]] पछि [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]मा तेस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी वृहत् सहर पनि हो। बङ्गाल प्रदेशको एक भागको रूपमा बङ्गालले बेलायती शासनको समयमा यस क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा उन्नत राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्रको रूपमा चर्चा पाएको थियो। [[भारतको प्रशासनिक विभाजन|विभाजन]] पछि, बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति मूलधारको बङ्गाली संस्कृतिबाट छुट्टिएको भने यसरी उनीहरूको संस्कृति पनि फरक तरिकाले विकसित भएको थियो। अझै पनि बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति र पश्चिम बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा धेरै समानताहरू छन् जसले उनीहरू दुवैलाई बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको रूपमा एकसाथ जोड्दछ। == साहित्य == {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 340 | image_style = | caption_align = center | perrow = 4 | image1 = Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption1 = बङ्किमचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image2 = Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg | caption2 = [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] | image3 = Nazrul.jpg | caption3 = [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] | image4 = Begum Rokeya.jpg | caption4 = [[बेगम रोकेया]] | image5 = Mir mosharraf hossain.jpg | caption5 = मीर मशर्रफ हुसेन | image6 = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption6 = शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image7 = Upendrokishor-ray.gif | caption7 = उपेन्द्रकिशोर रायचौधुरी | image8 = Jibanananda Das (1899–1954).jpg | caption8 = [[जीवनानन्द दास]] | image9 = Sunil Gangopadhyay 4190.JPG | caption9 = सुनील गङ्गोपाध्याय | image10 = Humayun Ahmed 13Nov2010.jpg | caption10 = [[हुमायुन आहमेद]]}} बङ्गाली भाषामा लेखिएका साहित्यिक कृतिहरूलाई बङ्गाली साहित्य भनिन्छ। ७औँ शताब्दीको बीचतिर बङ्गाली भाषामा साहित्य लेखन सुरु भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ। १० र १२औँ शताब्दीको बीचमा लेखिएको बौद्ध दोहा-सङ्कलन चार्यपद बङ्गाली साहित्यको सबैभन्दा पुरानो नमुनाहरूमध्ये एक हो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्य कविताप्रमुख थिए। [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]] [[एसिया]]को सबैभन्दा विकसित साहित्यिक परम्पराहरू मध्ये एक हो। प्राचीन संस्कृत र मगधी प्राकृतको वंशको रूपमा [[बङ्गाली भाषा]]को विकास लगभग १०००-१२०० ईस्वीमा पाल साम्राज्य र सेन वंशको अधीनमा भएको थियो। यो बङ्गाल सल्तनतको आधिकारिक दरबारी भाषा बन्दै यसले [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] र [[फारसी भाषा|फारसी]]को प्रभावलाई अवशोषित गरेको थियो। मध्ययुगीन बङ्गालीहरूले १६औँ र १७औँ शताब्दीमा धर्मनिरपेक्ष साहित्यको विकास गराएका थिए। यो भाषा अराकानमा पनि बोलिने गरिन्थ्यो। [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा बङ्गाली पुनर्जागरणले १९औँ शताब्दीको अन्त्य र २०औँ शताब्दीको सुरुमा भाषाको आधुनिक मानकीकृत रूपको विकास गरेको थियो। [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] सन् १९१३ मा साहित्यमा [[नोबेल साहित्य पुरस्कार|नोबेल पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गर्ने प्रथम बङ्गाली लेखक बनेका थिए भने उनी प्रथम गैर-युरोपेली नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता पनि थिए। [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] [[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारत]]को विद्रोही कविको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्। बङ्गालको विभाजन पछि पूर्वी बङ्गालमा एक विशिष्ट साहित्यिक संस्कृतिको विकास हुन पुगेको थियो भने तत्कालीन [[पूर्वी पाकिस्तान]] पछि गएर स्वतन्त्र [[बङ्गलादेश]] बनेको थियो। === प्राचीन युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको प्राचीन युग इस्वी संवत् ६५० देखि १२०० बीच रहेको छ । यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली भाषा फस्टाएको गइरहेको थियो भने बङ्गाली साहित्यमा पहिला उदाहरणहरू लेखिएका थिए। प्राचीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा कविता, गीत, कथा, नाटक आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाल सल्तनतद्वारा पहिलो एकीकृत, सांस्कृतिक बङ्गाली पहिचानको गठन गरिएको भएसँगै १३औँ शताब्दीको उत्तरार्धमा बङ्गालीलाई पहिलो पटक अदालतले आधिकारिक भाषाको रूपमा मान्यता दिएको थियो। * बौद्ध धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा त्रिपिटक, महावंश, जातक, गीता, महाभारत, रामायण आदि समावेश छन्। * हिन्दू धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। === मध्ययुग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन काल सन् १२०० देखि १८०० बीच रहेको छ। बङ्गाली साहित्य यस अवधिमा आफ्नो स्वर्णयुगबाट गुज्रिएको थियो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा वैष्णव शब्द, शाक्त शब्द, सूफीवादी शब्द आदि समावेश छन्। * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा रामायण, महाभारत, पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। * गद्य साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा बङ्ग साहित्य परिचय, चैतन्य चरित्रमृत, बृहतकोश, रामायण, महाभारत आदि समावेश छन्। === आधुनिक युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको आधुनिक युग सन् १८०० देखि हालसम्म रहेको छ। यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली साहित्य विश्व साहित्यसँग जोडिँदै आधुनिकता तर्फ अघि बढेको थियो। यस युगका अग्रणी कविहरूमा [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]], [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]], जसिमुद्दीन, जीवनानन्द दास आदि पर्दछन्। भने कथाकारहरूमा शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, प्रमथनाथ बरुआ, आशापूर्णा देवी आदि पर्दछन् यस्तै गरि उपन्यासकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, समरेश मजुमदार आदि पर्दछन्। यस्तै गरि नाटककारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, द्विजेन्द्रलाल राय, बङ्किम चट्टोपाध्याय, माइकल मधुसूदन दत्त, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, अतुल प्रसाद सेन, सत्यजीत राय र निबन्धकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, प्रमथ चौधरी, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, रवीन्द्रनाथ त्रिवेदी, विधान चन्द्र राय आदि पर्दछन्। ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव व्यापक छ। मध्ययुगकालीन बङ्गालमा इस्लामको विकास भयो र यसको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]]मा प्रतिबिम्बित भएका थिए। इस्लामको प्रभाव बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कविता, गद्य, नाटक, लोक साहित्य आदिमा देख्न सकिन्छ। बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कालमा धार्मिक साहित्य फस्टाएको थियो। यस अवधिमा वैष्णव, शाक्त र सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूको रचना गरिएको थियो। यी पदहरूले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू प्रतिबिम्बित गर्दछन्। उदाहरणका लागि, वैष्णव श्लोकले अल्लाहलाई भगवान विष्णुको रूपमा वर्णन गर्दछ जबकि सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूले अल्लाहको प्रेम र भक्तिको बारेमा बताउँदछ। बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावलाई निम्नानुसार विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ: * भाषिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली भाषाको व्याकरण र शब्दावलीहरूमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली भाषामा थुप्रै अरबी र फारसी शब्दहरू प्रयोग गरिएका छन्। * विषयगत प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको विषयवस्तुमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको धार्मिक र नैतिक शिक्षालाई जोड दिएको थियो। * धार्मिक र सामाजिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको धार्मिक र सामाजिक दृष्टिकोणमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगीन कालमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गरेको थियो। * बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावले बङ्गाली साहित्यको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्य समृद्ध र विविध भएको छ। == खेलकुद == [[चित्र:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|সংযোগ=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालामा [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]का समर्थकहरू]] [[चित्र:Shere Bangla National Stadium.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालाको एक दृश्य]] बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा खेलकुद एक समृद्ध र विविध सम्पदा हो। बङ्गालीहरूले युगौँदेखि विभिन्न खेलहरूमा भाग लिँदै आइरहेका छन्। यी खेलहरू बङ्गालीहरूको संस्कृति र जीवनशैलीको एक प्रमुख भाग बनिसकेको छ। '''बङ्गालको परम्परागत खेलहरूमा निम्न समावेश छन्:''' * [[कबड्डी]]: एक लोकप्रिय खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई टोलीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। एक टोलीका खेलाडीहरू अर्को टोलीको क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्छन् र आफ्नो टोलीका सदस्यहरूलाई बोलाउँछन्। अन्य टोलीका खेलाडीको काम विपक्षी टोलीका सदस्यलाई समात्नु हो। * [[लुडो]]: वा सामान्य भाषामा पोट, एक लोकप्रिय बोर्ड खोल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा चार खेलाडीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा आफ्ना गोटीहरू सार्दै खेल खेल्छन्। * [[बुद्धिचाल]]: एक रणनीतिक बोर्ड खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई खेलाडीले एकअर्काविरुद्ध प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले आफ्नो कालो र सेतो गोटीहरू विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा सारेर खेल खेल्छन्। * डण्डीबियो: ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|ডাংগুলি}}) (डाङ्गुली) केटाहरूले खेल्ने एक परम्परागत खल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच निकै लोकप्रिय छ। यो खेलमा दुई वा दुईभन्दा बढी खेलाडीहरू मिलेर खेल्ने गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले एक विशिष्ट ढाँचामा बियोहरू राख्छन् डण्डीले हिर्काउँदै खेल्ने गर्छन्। '''बङ्गाल क्षेत्रमा खेलिने आधुनिक खेलहरूमा निम्नानुसार छन्:''' * [[क्रिकेट]]: बङ्गालीहरूको बीचमा सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]] अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटको जगतको निकै सफल मानिन्छ। * [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]]: बङ्गालीहरू बीच दोस्रो सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको जगतमा फड्को मार्दै छ। * टेनिस: टेनिस बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * [[ब्याडमिन्टन]]: बङ्गालीहरूमाझ एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * हकी: बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[चित्र:Lathi_khela,_Ancient_Festival_-_Shamim_Tirmizi.jpg|thumb|[[टाङ्गाइल जिल्ला|टाङ्गाइल]]मा आयोजित लठ्ठी खेल।]] [[चित्र:Rowing_on_Canal.jpg|right|thumb| वर्षाको समयमा आयोजना गरिने डुङ्गा खियाउँदै खेलिने डुङ्गा दौड प्रतियोगिता।]] परम्परागत बङ्गाली खेलहरूमा विभिन्न [[मार्सल आर्ट|मार्सल कला]] र दौड खेलहरू समावेश रहेतापनि बेलायतीहरूद्वारा खेल्न सुरु गरिएका खेल, क्रिकेट र फुटबल हाल बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। ऐतिहासिकरूपमा लठ्ठी खेल आफ्नो जमिन र सम्पत्तिको रक्षा गर्न वा अरूको जमिन र सम्पत्ति हडप्न एक तरिका थियो। बङ्गालका जमिनदारहरूले तालिम प्राप्त लठ्ठी खेलाडीहरूलाई हिरासतमा राखी भाडादारहरूबाट जबर्जस्ती कर उठाउने साधनको रूपमा नियुक्त गर्ने गरेका थिए। <ref name="prothom-alo">''[http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82 ঈদ উৎসবের নানা রং] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103042311/http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82|date=३ नोभेम्बर २०१३}}'',সাইমন জাকারিয়া, দৈনিক প্রথম আলো। ঢাকা থেকে প্রকাশের मिति: আগস্ট ০২, ২০১৩</ref> राष्ट्रव्यापी लठ्ठी खेल प्रतियोगिता सन् १९८९ सम्म [[कुष्टिया जिल्ला|कुष्टिया]] जिल्लामा हरेक वर्ष आयोजना गरिने गरिन्थ्यो यद्यपि यसको अभ्यास घट्दै गइरहेको छ हाल यो खेल केही चाडपर्व र उत्सवहरूमा मात्र सीमित छ।<ref name="dhakamirror.com">{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=13 December 2011|प्रकाशक=dhakamirror.com|शीर्षक=Lathi Khela to celebrate Tangail Free Day|युआरएल=http://www.dhakamirror.com/nation/lathi-khela-to-celebrate-tangail-free-day/|पहुँचमिति=9 June 2013}}</ref> [[कुस्ती]] अर्को लोकप्रिय रक्षात्मक र आफ्नो प्रतिद्वन्द्वीलाई पछार्ने खेल हो जसका धेरै क्षेत्रीय रूपहरू छन्। जस्तै; सन् १८८९ मा [[चट्टोग्राम]]का जमिनदार कादिर बख्सले बलीखेला नामक कुस्ती खेलको सुुरुवात गरेका थिए। अब्दुल जब्बार भनिने एक व्यापारीले सन् १९०७ मा बङ्गालीहरूलाई ब्रिटिस आक्रमणकारीहरूसँग लड्न तयार पार्ने खेलको विकास गर्ने उद्देश्यले कुस्ती खेलको रूपान्तरण गरेका थिए। हाल यसलाई जब्बारको कस्ती खेलको नामले चिनिन्छ।<ref name="independent">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299:jabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175:weekend-independent&Itemid=213|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela: Better Than WWE|अन्तिम=Zaman|प्रथम=Jaki|मिति=10 May 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104225255/http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299%3Ajabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175%3Aweekend-independent&Itemid=213|अभिलेखमिति=4 November 2013|प्रकाशक=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="thedailystar.net">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jabbarer-boli-khela-tomorrow/|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela tomorrow|मिति=24 April 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|प्रकाशक=The Daily Star}}</ref> सन् १९७२ मा लोकप्रिय [[कबड्डी]] खेललाई बङ्गलादेशको राष्ट्रिय खेल बनाइएको थियो। यो कबड्डी खेलको एक नियन्त्रित संस्करण थियो जसमा कुनै विशिष्ट नियम थिएन। बङ्गलादेश कबड्डी महासङ्घको स्थापना सन् १९७३ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Faroqi, Gofran|article=Kabadi}}</ref> [[चित्र:Shakib_Al_Hasan_(7).jpg|thumb|बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोलीका खेलाडी [[साकिब आल हासान]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Bangladeshi Player Shakib Al Hasan named best all-rounder in all formats by ICC: Some interesting facts about the cricketer|मिति=27 June 2015|स्थान=New Delhi, India|वेबसाइट=India Today}}</ref><ref name="shakib">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-why-shakib-al-hasan-is-one-of-cricket-s-greatest-allrounders-1219732|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|मिति=23 March 2020|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.tbsnews.net/sports/where-does-shakib-rank-among-greatest-all-rounders-106672|शीर्षक=Where does Shakib rank among the greatest all-rounders?|मिति=15 July 2020|कार्य=Business Standard|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Cricfrenzy.com|प्रथम=Z. Ahmed|मिति=1 August 2020|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक="I don't play to be the best all-rounder of all time": Shakib Al Hasan|युआरएल=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/en/article/127412/%E2%80%9CI-don%E2%80%99t-play-to-be-the-best-all-rounder-of-all-time%E2%80%9D--Shakib-Al-Hasan-|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=cricfrenzy.com}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=24 March 2020|भाषा=en|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28945972/why-shakib-al-hasan-one-cricket-greatest-allrounders|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Parida|प्रथम=Bastab K.|मिति=5 July 2019|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Greatest all-rounder of 21st century debate – where does Shakib Al Hasan stand?|युआरएल=https://sportscafe.in/cricket/articles/2019/jul/05/greatest-all-rounder-of-21-st-century-debate-where-does-shakib-al-hasan-stand|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=SportsCafe.in}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Best All-Rounders in Cricket History|युआरएल=https://www.thetoptens.com/cricket/all-rounders-cricket/|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=TheTopTens}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Is Shakib Al Hasan a greater allrounder than Garry Sobers?|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/anantha-narayanan-is-shakib-al-hasan-a-greater-allrounder-than-garry-sobers-1257937|पहुँचमिति=25 April 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>]] [[चित्र:Mohammed_Salim_(Indian_footballer)_having_feet_bandaged_at_Celtic_FC,_1936_photograph.jpg|right|thumb|मोहम्मद सलिम, विदेशी क्लबबाट खेल्ने प्रथम दक्षिण एसियाली फुटबल खेलाडी हुन्। खाली खुट्टा फुटबल खेलेका कारण सन् १९३६ मा जिमी म्याकमेनीले उनको खुट्टामा पट्टि लगाउँदै गरेको दृश्य।]] == पहिरन == [[चित्र:Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pohela Falgun.jpg|thumb|बङ्गाली महिलाहरू]] बङ्गाली पहिरन एक विविध परम्परा हो जुन समयको साथ परिवर्तन हुँदै आइरहेको छ। प्राचीन कालमा बङ्गालीहरूले मुख्यतया रूखको बोक्रा, जनावरको छाला र पातबाट बनेको लुगा लगाउने गर्दथे। आर्यहरूको आगमनपछि बङ्गालीहरूले कपास, रेशम र अन्य प्राकृतिक सामग्रीबाट बनेका पहिरनहरू लगाउन थाले। प्राचीन बङ्गालमा सिलाएका लुगाहरू अशुद्ध मानिन्थ्यो। बङ्गालमा मुसलमान शासकहरूको आगमनपछि मध्य एसियाका मुगल शासकहरूले ल्याएको गोलजमास र सलवार-कमीज जस्ता सिलाएका लुगाहरू बङ्गाली महिलाहरूमाझ लोकप्रिय बनेका थिए। प्राचीन कालमा, लुगाहरू सामान्यतया बङ्गाली रेशम वा मलमलबाट बनाइने गरिन्थ्यो। विभिन्न समयको सामाजिक, राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनसँगै बङ्गाली पहिरनमा परिवर्तन आएको छ। यद्यपि, पहिरनहरूका केही विशेषताहरू सधैँ बङ्गाली संस्कृतिसँग सम्बन्धित नै छन्। बङ्गाली पहिरनको परम्परा हजारौँ वर्ष पुरानो छ। इस्लाम धर्मको आगमन अघि बङ्गालीहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका लुगाहरू लगाउँथे भने इस्लामको आगमन पछि, मुस्लिमहरूले आफ्नै धार्मिक पहिरनको विकास गरेका थिए। बङ्गालीहरूको पहिरन परम्परा विभिन्न तरिकामा अभिव्यक्त गरिएको छ। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली मुसलमानहरूले आफ्नो धार्मिक विश्वासझल्काउन आफ्नो पहिरनमा सेतो रङ्ग प्रयोग गर्ने गर्दछन्। उनीहरूले आफ्नो सामाजिक स्थिति प्रतिबिम्बित गर्न आफ्नो पहिरनमा विभिन्न प्रकारका कपडा र गहनाहरू पनि प्रयोग गरेका छन्। === पुरुष पहिरन === बङ्गाली पुरुषहरूको पहिरनमा पर्ने मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; पाइजामा, पञ्जाबी र टोपी आदि पर्दछन्। [[पाइजामा]] लामो खालको पोशाक हो जुन घुँडासम्म पुग्छ भने पञ्जाबी कमीज जस्तो लामो हुन्छ र घुँडासम्म पुग्ने खालको हुन्छ। बङ्गालीहरू टाउकोमा गोली आकारको टोपी लागाउने गर्दछन्। === महिलाको पहिरन === बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको पहिरनका मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; [[सारी]], सलवार [[कमीज]], बुर्का, हिजाब आदि पर्दछन्। साडी लामो र पातलो कपडाबाट बनेको हुन्छ जुन शरीरको वरिपरि लपेटेर लगाइन्छ। सलवार-कमीज दुई टुक्रे कपडा हो जुन साडीभन्दा सजिलै लगाउनको लागि बनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको अर्को मुख्य पहिरन [[बुर्का]] हो जुन अनुहार छोप्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। == विवाह == {{multiple image | align =right | direction = horizontal | image1 =Xploring Weddings 4 (3679389912).jpg | caption1 = बङ्गाली मुसलमान दम्पति | width1 = 200 | image2 =Pani Grahan - Bengali Hindu Wedding - Howrah 2015-12-06 7722.JPG | caption2 = बङ्गाली हिन्दुको विवाह समारोह | width2 = 200 }} बङ्गाली विवाह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो एक धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम हो जसले दुई व्यक्ति, महिला र पुरुष बीच वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्दछ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू प्राय: तामझामले भरिएका हुन्छन् भने यसमा विभिन्न धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक रीतिरिवाजहरू समावेश गरिएका हुन्छन्। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह सामान्यतया केही दिनको लागि रहन्छ। पहिलो दिन दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा प्रस्ताव राख्ने गर्दछन्। यदि प्रस्ताव स्वीकार गरियो भने, दुलहाको परिवारले इस्लामी विवाह सम्झौताको एक कानुनी कागज बनाउँदछन् जसमा विवाहका सर्तहरू लेखिएका हुन्छन्। सम्झौता पत्र बनाएपछि दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा एउटा कार्यक्रम गर्छन्, जसलाई "गाए हल्दी" भनिन्छ। हल्दी समारोहमा, दुलहीको शरीरमा बेसारले पोतिन्छ जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह एक ठूलो सामाजिक कार्यक्रम हो। यस कार्यक्रममा प्रायः ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा अतिथिहरू उपस्थित हुन्छन्। विवाह समारोहहरू सामान्यतया विभिन्न प्रकारका खाना, सङ्गीत, नृत्य र गायनको साथ मनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाहमा [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]] र [[हिन्दु धर्म]]को प्रभाव निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। इस्लामधर्ममा विवाहलाई पवित्र बन्धनको रूपमा र जीवनको एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण अध्यायको रूपमा लिइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो दुई व्यक्तिबीच नयाँ जीवन सुरु गर्ने उत्सवको अवसर हो। बङ्गलादेशमा बङ्गाली विवाहका केही सामान्य रीतिरिवाज र परम्पराहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * हल्दी: यस अवसरमा दुलहीलाई बेसारले पोतिन्छ, जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। * विवाह समारोह: यस समारोहमा दुलहा र दुलहीले विभिन्न धार्मिक अनुष्ठान र हर्षोल्लासपूर्ण समारोहहरू पार गर्नु पर्दछ। * जन्ती जाने परम्परा: यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहासहित विवाहका लागि दुलहीको घरमा अतिथिहरू सहित उपस्थित हुन्छन्। * भोज : यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीपक्षलाई आफ्नो घरमा निमन्त्रणा गरि भोज खुवाउने चलन छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू समयको साथ परिवर्तन भएका छन्। आधुनिक युगमा, धेरै बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू छोटो र कम औपचारिक हुँदै गइरहेका छन्। यद्यपि, बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू अझै पनि बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। == खाना == बङ्गाली खाना र पकाउने शैली [[दक्षिण एसिया]]मै सबैभन्दा विविधतायुक्त छ। बङ्गाली भोजनको विशेषता यसको स्वाद र सुगन्ध झल्किन्छ। बङ्गाली खानाहरूमा मुख्यतया [[भात]], [[माछा]], [[मासु]], [[दाल]], [[तरकारी]], मिठाई आदिको पर्दछन्। बङ्गाली खानाको मुख्य विशेषता भनेको मसलाको प्रयोग हो। बङ्गाली खानाको स्वाद र सुगन्ध विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरूको साथ वृद्धि गरिएको छ। बङ्गाली खाना पकाउनमा ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा मसलाहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसमा [[बेसार]], [[खुर्सानी]], [[जीरा]], [[धनियाँ]], गरम मसाला, [[अदुवा]], [[लसुन]], [[प्याज]] आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाली भोजनका मुख्य अवयवहरू चामल, माछा, मासु, तरकारी, दाल र विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरू पर्दछन्। भात बङ्गालीहरूको मुख्य भोजन हो र यो सामान्यतया माछाको परिकार, मासुको परिकार वा पकाएको तरकारीको साथका मिसाएर खाइने गरिन्छ। माछा बङ्गालीहरूको सबैभन्दा मनपर्ने खाना हो र यसलाई तेलमा तारेर, उमालेर र पकाएर खाइन्छ। मासुहरू मध्ये कुखुरा, गाई र खसीको मासु यहाँ सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। तरकारीहरू मध्ये [[आलु]], [[भान्टा]], [[केराउ]] र [[परबर]] सबैभन्दा बढी प्रयोग गरिन्छ। दाल एक प्रोटिन युक्त खाना हो जुन सामान्यतया भातसँग मुसेर खाने गरिन्छ। == सञ्चारमाध्यम == [[चित्र:दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण.jpg|thumb|दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण, ९ नोभेम्बर १९९८]] बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यम बङ्गाली भाषी मानिसहरूलाई सूचना, संस्कृति, मनोरञ्जन आदि प्रदान गर्ने माध्यम हो। यो टेलिभिजन, रेडियो, पत्रपत्रिका, अनलाइन सञ्चार आदि सहित विभिन्न माध्यमहरू मिलेर बनेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा निजी टेलिभिजन च्यानलहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक त्यहाँ सरकारी स्वामित्वको [[बङ्गलादेश टेलिभिजन]] र बङ्गलादेश बेतार रहेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा दैनिक समाचारपत्रहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक साप्ताहिक, मासिक र त्रैमासिक पत्रिकाहरू पनि छन्। हाल बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा लोकप्रिय अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू रहेका छन्। यी माध्यमहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका समाचार, राय, विश्लेषण र मनोरञ्जनका सामग्रीहरू प्रदान गर्दछ। सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्रालय अन्तर्गतको चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागको पञ्जीकरण शाखाबाट पत्रपत्रिकाको दर्ता उपलब्ध गराइन्छ। चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागले प्रकाशित गरेको प्रतिवेदनअनुसार सन् २०१८ को जुन महिनामा ३ हजार ६१ वटा पत्रपत्रिका दर्ता भएका थिए। सन् २०२० डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म बङ्गलादेशमा दर्ता भएका समाचारपत्रहरूको सङ्ख्या ३,२१० (अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू बाहेक) रहेको छ जसमध्ये १,३५७ ढाकाबाट र १,८५३ अन्य जिल्लाहरूबाट प्रकाशित भएका छन्। यसमा १,३०९ दैनिक समाचारपत्र, ३ अर्ध-साप्ताहिक, १,२१४ साप्ताहिक, २१६ पन्ध्र दिने, ४२५ मासिक, ८ द्वैमासिक, ३० त्रैमासिक, १ त्रैमासिक, २ अर्ध-मासिक र २ वार्षिक समाचारपत्रहरू समावेश छन्।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=३० जुन २०१८|प्रकाशक=বাংলাদেশ চলচ্চিত্র ও প্রকাশনা অধিদপ্তর|शीर्षक=সারাদেশের নিবন্ধিত পত্র-পত্রিকার পরিসংখ্যান (জুন/২০১৮)|युआरएल=https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20(JUNE%202018)%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502074109/https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20%28JUNE%202018%29%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखमिति=२ मे २०२१|पहुँचमिति=८ नोभेम्बर २०१८}}</ref> प्रथोम आलो बङ्गलादेशमा सबैभन्दा धेरै पढिने र व्यापक रूपमा हेरिने बङ्गाली पत्रिका हो। आनन्दबजार पत्रिका भारतको सबैभन्दा धेरै प्रसारित हुने बङ्गाली समाचारपत्र हो। वर्तमान, प्रतिदिन, इत्तेफाक, जनकण्ठ आदि पनि व्यापक रूपमा पढिने गरिन्छ। द डेली स्टार, न्यु एज, ढाका ट्रिब्युन आदि प्रसिद्ध अङ्ग्रेजी समाचार पत्र हो। द स्टेट्सम्यान [[बङ्गाल]] क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा पुरानो अङ्ग्रेजी दैनिक हो जुन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट प्रकाशित हुन्छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लोकतन्त्र र समाजको विकासमा बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यमले महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। यसले मानिसहरूलाई सूचना प्रदान गर्दै उनीहरूमा जागरूकता बढाउने र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] 0t2mbwuclwi0pvzuzf7y9xjdubcw6pd 1368403 1368402 2026-08-04T03:51:29Z ~2026-42792-31 80119 1368403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बङ्गाली संस्कृति''' वा '''बङ्गालको संस्कृति''' [[दक्षिण एसिया|दक्षिण एसियाली]] क्षेत्रमा [[बङ्गाली जाति|बङ्गाली]]हरूद्वारा स्थापित गरिएको संस्कृति हो जसमध्ये [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[बङ्गाली भाषा|बङ्गाली]] एक मात्र राष्ट्रिय र राज्यभाषा हो भने [[भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू|भारतीय राज्य]]हरू [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[त्रिपुरा]] र [[असम|आसाम]]को पनि बङ्गाली भाषा प्रमुख र आधिकारिक भाषा हो। बङ्गालीहरूको लगभग १ हजार ४ सय वर्षको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृति छ। दक्षिण एसियामा, [[बङ्गाल|बङ्गाल क्षेत्र]]को आफ्नै सम्पदा र विशिष्ट संस्कृति छ। त्यतिबेला बङ्गाल सबैभन्दा धनी क्षेत्र थियो। बङ्गाल क्षेत्र त्यस समयको उपमहाद्वीपीय राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्र थियो। बङ्गालले अझै पनि दक्षिण एसियाली संस्कृतिको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ र बङ्गाली संस्कृतिका उत्सवहरू विश्वव्यापी रूपमा मनाउने गरिन्छ। बङ्गाली संस्कृति धार्मिक र राष्ट्रिय दृष्टिकोणबाट पूर्णतया भिन्न छ। बङ्गाली प्रमुख जातीय भाषिक समूह हो। ढाका मुगल बङ्गालको राजधानी र मुगल भारतको व्यापारिक राजधानी (सन् १६१०-१७५७) बनेको थियो। ढाका विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी बङ्गाली वृहत् सहर हो भने [[मुम्बई]] र [[दिल्ली]] पछि [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]मा तेस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी वृहत् सहर पनि हो। बङ्गाल प्रदेशको एक भागको रूपमा बङ्गालले बेलायती शासनको समयमा यस क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा उन्नत राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्रको रूपमा चर्चा पाएको थियो। [[भारतको प्रशासनिक विभाजन|विभाजन]] पछि, बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति मूलधारको बङ्गाली संस्कृतिबाट छुट्टिएको भने यसरी उनीहरूको संस्कृति पनि फरक तरिकाले विकसित भएको थियो। अझै पनि बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति र पश्चिम बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा धेरै समानताहरू छन् जसले उनीहरू दुवैलाई बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको रूपमा एकसाथ जोड्दछ। == साहित्य == {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 340 | image_style = | caption_align = center | perrow = 4 | image1 = Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption1 = बङ्किमचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image2 = Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg | caption2 = [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] | image3 = Nazrul.jpg | caption3 = [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] | image4 = Begum Rokeya.jpg | caption4 = [[बेगम रोकेया]] | image5 = Mir mosharraf hossain.jpg | caption5 = मीर मशर्रफ हुसेन | image6 = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption6 = शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image7 = Upendrokishor-ray.gif | caption7 = उपेन्द्रकिशोर रायचौधुरी | image8 = Jibanananda Das (1899–1954).jpg | caption8 = [[जीवनानन्द दास]] | image9 = Sunil Gangopadhyay 4190.JPG | caption9 = सुनील गङ्गोपाध्याय | image10 = Humayun Ahmed 13Nov2010.jpg | caption10 = [[हुमायुन आहमेद]]}} बङ्गाली भाषामा लेखिएका साहित्यिक कृतिहरूलाई बङ्गाली साहित्य भनिन्छ। ७औँ शताब्दीको बीचतिर बङ्गाली भाषामा साहित्य लेखन सुरु भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ। १० र १२औँ शताब्दीको बीचमा लेखिएको बौद्ध दोहा-सङ्कलन चार्यपद बङ्गाली साहित्यको सबैभन्दा पुरानो नमुनाहरूमध्ये एक हो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्य कविताप्रमुख थिए। [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]] [[एसिया]]को सबैभन्दा विकसित साहित्यिक परम्पराहरू मध्ये एक हो। प्राचीन संस्कृत र मगधी प्राकृतको वंशको रूपमा [[बङ्गाली भाषा]]को विकास लगभग १०००-१२०० ईस्वीमा पाल साम्राज्य र सेन वंशको अधीनमा भएको थियो। यो बङ्गाल सल्तनतको आधिकारिक दरबारी भाषा बन्दै यसले [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] र [[फारसी भाषा|फारसी]]को प्रभावलाई अवशोषित गरेको थियो। मध्ययुगीन बङ्गालीहरूले १६औँ र १७औँ शताब्दीमा धर्मनिरपेक्ष साहित्यको विकास गराएका थिए। यो भाषा अराकानमा पनि बोलिने गरिन्थ्यो। [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा बङ्गाली पुनर्जागरणले १९औँ शताब्दीको अन्त्य र २०औँ शताब्दीको सुरुमा भाषाको आधुनिक मानकीकृत रूपको विकास गरेको थियो। [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] सन् १९१३ मा साहित्यमा [[नोबेल साहित्य पुरस्कार|नोबेल पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गर्ने प्रथम बङ्गाली लेखक बनेका थिए भने उनी प्रथम गैर-युरोपेली नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता पनि थिए। [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] [[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारत]]को विद्रोही कविको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्। बङ्गालको विभाजन पछि पूर्वी बङ्गालमा एक विशिष्ट साहित्यिक संस्कृतिको विकास हुन पुगेको थियो भने तत्कालीन [[पूर्वी पाकिस्तान]] पछि गएर स्वतन्त्र [[बङ्गलादेश]] बनेको थियो। === प्राचीन युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको प्राचीन युग इस्वी संवत् ६५० देखि १२०० बीच रहेको छ । यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली भाषा फस्टाएको गइरहेको थियो भने बङ्गाली साहित्यमा पहिला उदाहरणहरू लेखिएका थिए। प्राचीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा कविता, गीत, कथा, नाटक आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाल सल्तनतद्वारा पहिलो एकीकृत, सांस्कृतिक बङ्गाली पहिचानको गठन गरिएको भएसँगै १३औँ शताब्दीको उत्तरार्धमा बङ्गालीलाई पहिलो पटक अदालतले आधिकारिक भाषाको रूपमा मान्यता दिएको थियो। * बौद्ध धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा त्रिपिटक, महावंश, जातक, गीता, महाभारत, रामायण आदि समावेश छन्। * हिन्दू धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। === मध्ययुग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन काल सन् १२०० देखि १८०० बीच रहेको छ। बङ्गाली साहित्य यस अवधिमा आफ्नो स्वर्णयुगबाट गुज्रिएको थियो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा वैष्णव शब्द, शाक्त शब्द, सूफीवादी शब्द आदि समावेश छन्। * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा रामायण, महाभारत, पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। * गद्य साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा बङ्ग साहित्य परिचय, चैतन्य चरित्रमृत, बृहतकोश, रामायण, महाभारत आदि समावेश छन्। === आधुनिक युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको आधुनिक युग सन् १८०० देखि हालसम्म रहेको छ। यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली साहित्य विश्व साहित्यसँग जोडिँदै आधुनिकता तर्फ अघि बढेको थियो। यस युगका अग्रणी कविहरूमा [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]], [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]], जसिमुद्दीन, जीवनानन्द दास आदि पर्दछन्। भने कथाकारहरूमा शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, प्रमथनाथ बरुआ, आशापूर्णा देवी आदि पर्दछन् यस्तै गरि उपन्यासकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, समरेश मजुमदार आदि पर्दछन्। यस्तै गरि नाटककारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, द्विजेन्द्रलाल राय, बङ्किम चट्टोपाध्याय, माइकल मधुसूदन दत्त, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, अतुल प्रसाद सेन, सत्यजीत राय र निबन्धकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, प्रमथ चौधरी, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, रवीन्द्रनाथ त्रिवेदी, विधान चन्द्र राय आदि पर्दछन्। ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव व्यापक छ। मध्ययुगकालीन बङ्गालमा इस्लामको विकास भयो र यसको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]]मा प्रतिबिम्बित भएका थिए। इस्लामको प्रभाव बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कविता, गद्य, नाटक, लोक साहित्य आदिमा देख्न सकिन्छ। बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कालमा धार्मिक साहित्य फस्टाएको थियो। यस अवधिमा वैष्णव, शाक्त र सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूको रचना गरिएको थियो। यी पदहरूले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू प्रतिबिम्बित गर्दछन्। उदाहरणका लागि, वैष्णव श्लोकले अल्लाहलाई भगवान विष्णुको रूपमा वर्णन गर्दछ जबकि सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूले अल्लाहको प्रेम र भक्तिको बारेमा बताउँदछ। बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावलाई निम्नानुसार विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ: * भाषिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली भाषाको व्याकरण र शब्दावलीहरूमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली भाषामा थुप्रै अरबी र फारसी शब्दहरू प्रयोग गरिएका छन्। * विषयगत प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको विषयवस्तुमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको धार्मिक र नैतिक शिक्षालाई जोड दिएको थियो। * धार्मिक र सामाजिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको धार्मिक र सामाजिक दृष्टिकोणमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगीन कालमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गरेको थियो। * बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावले बङ्गाली साहित्यको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्य समृद्ध र विविध भएको छ। == खेलकुद == [[चित्र:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|সংযোগ=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालामा [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]का समर्थकहरू]] [[चित्र:Shere Bangla National Stadium.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालाको एक दृश्य]] बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा खेलकुद एक समृद्ध र विविध सम्पदा हो। बङ्गालीहरूले युगौँदेखि विभिन्न खेलहरूमा भाग लिँदै आइरहेका छन्। यी खेलहरू बङ्गालीहरूको संस्कृति र जीवनशैलीको एक प्रमुख भाग बनिसकेको छ। '''बङ्गालको परम्परागत खेलहरूमा निम्न समावेश छन्:''' * [[कबड्डी]]: एक लोकप्रिय खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई टोलीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। एक टोलीका खेलाडीहरू अर्को टोलीको क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्छन् र आफ्नो टोलीका सदस्यहरूलाई बोलाउँछन्। अन्य टोलीका खेलाडीको काम विपक्षी टोलीका सदस्यलाई समात्नु हो। * [[लुडो]]: वा सामान्य भाषामा पोट, एक लोकप्रिय बोर्ड खोल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा चार खेलाडीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा आफ्ना गोटीहरू सार्दै खेल खेल्छन्। * [[बुद्धिचाल]]: एक रणनीतिक बोर्ड खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई खेलाडीले एकअर्काविरुद्ध प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले आफ्नो कालो र सेतो गोटीहरू विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा सारेर खेल खेल्छन्। * डण्डीबियो: ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|ডাংগুলি}}) (डाङ्गुली) केटाहरूले खेल्ने एक परम्परागत खल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच निकै लोकप्रिय छ। यो खेलमा दुई वा दुईभन्दा बढी खेलाडीहरू मिलेर खेल्ने गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले एक विशिष्ट ढाँचामा बियोहरू राख्छन् डण्डीले हिर्काउँदै खेल्ने गर्छन्। '''बङ्गाल क्षेत्रमा खेलिने आधुनिक खेलहरूमा निम्नानुसार छन्:''' * [[क्रिकेट]]: बङ्गालीहरूको बीचमा सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]] अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटको जगतको निकै सफल मानिन्छ। * [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]]: बङ्गालीहरू बीच दोस्रो सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको जगतमा फड्को मार्दै छ। * टेनिस: टेनिस बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * [[ब्याडमिन्टन]]: बङ्गालीहरूमाझ एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * हकी: बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[चित्र:Lathi_khela,_Ancient_Festival_-_Shamim_Tirmizi.jpg|thumb|[[टाङ्गाइल जिल्ला|टाङ्गाइल]]मा आयोजित लठ्ठी खेल।]] [[चित्र:Rowing_on_Canal.jpg|right|thumb| वर्षाको समयमा आयोजना गरिने डुङ्गा खियाउँदै खेलिने डुङ्गा दौड प्रतियोगिता।]] परम्परागत बङ्गाली खेलहरूमा विभिन्न [[मार्सल आर्ट|मार्सल कला]] र दौड खेलहरू समावेश रहेतापनि बेलायतीहरूद्वारा खेल्न सुरु गरिएका खेल, क्रिकेट र फुटबल हाल बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। ऐतिहासिकरूपमा लठ्ठी खेल आफ्नो जमिन र सम्पत्तिको रक्षा गर्न वा अरूको जमिन र सम्पत्ति हडप्न एक तरिका थियो। बङ्गालका जमिनदारहरूले तालिम प्राप्त लठ्ठी खेलाडीहरूलाई हिरासतमा राखी भाडादारहरूबाट जबर्जस्ती कर उठाउने साधनको रूपमा नियुक्त गर्ने गरेका थिए। <ref name="prothom-alo">''[http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82 ঈদ উৎসবের নানা রং] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103042311/http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82|date=३ नोभेम्बर २०१३}}'',সাইমন জাকারিয়া, দৈনিক প্রথম আলো। ঢাকা থেকে প্রকাশের मिति: আগস্ট ০২, ২০১৩</ref> राष्ट्रव्यापी लठ्ठी खेल प्रतियोगिता सन् १९८९ सम्म [[कुष्टिया जिल्ला|कुष्टिया]] जिल्लामा हरेक वर्ष आयोजना गरिने गरिन्थ्यो यद्यपि यसको अभ्यास घट्दै गइरहेको छ हाल यो खेल केही चाडपर्व र उत्सवहरूमा मात्र सीमित छ।<ref name="dhakamirror.com">{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=13 December 2011|प्रकाशक=dhakamirror.com|शीर्षक=Lathi Khela to celebrate Tangail Free Day|युआरएल=http://www.dhakamirror.com/nation/lathi-khela-to-celebrate-tangail-free-day/|पहुँचमिति=9 June 2013}}</ref> [[कुस्ती]] अर्को लोकप्रिय रक्षात्मक र आफ्नो प्रतिद्वन्द्वीलाई पछार्ने खेल हो जसका धेरै क्षेत्रीय रूपहरू छन्। जस्तै; सन् १८८९ मा [[चट्टोग्राम]]का जमिनदार कादिर बख्सले बलीखेला नामक कुस्ती खेलको सुरुवात गरेका थिए। अब्दुल जब्बार भनिने एक व्यापारीले सन् १९०७ मा बङ्गालीहरूलाई बेलायती आक्रमणकारीहरूसँग लड्न तयार पार्ने खेलको विकास गर्ने उद्देश्यले कुस्ती खेलको रूपान्तरण गरेका थिए। हाल यसलाई जब्बारको कस्ती खेलको नामले चिनिन्छ।<ref name="independent">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299:jabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175:weekend-independent&Itemid=213|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela: Better Than WWE|अन्तिम=Zaman|प्रथम=Jaki|मिति=10 May 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104225255/http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299%3Ajabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175%3Aweekend-independent&Itemid=213|अभिलेखमिति=4 November 2013|प्रकाशक=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="thedailystar.net">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jabbarer-boli-khela-tomorrow/|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela tomorrow|मिति=24 April 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|प्रकाशक=The Daily Star}}</ref> सन् १९७२ मा लोकप्रिय [[कबड्डी]] खेललाई बङ्गलादेशको राष्ट्रिय खेल बनाइएको थियो। यो कबड्डी खेलको एक नियन्त्रित संस्करण थियो जसमा कुनै विशिष्ट नियम थिएन। बङ्गलादेश कबड्डी महासङ्घको स्थापना सन् १९७३ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Faroqi, Gofran|article=Kabadi}}</ref> [[चित्र:Shakib_Al_Hasan_(7).jpg|thumb|बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोलीका खेलाडी [[साकिब आल हासान]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Bangladeshi Player Shakib Al Hasan named best all-rounder in all formats by ICC: Some interesting facts about the cricketer|मिति=27 June 2015|स्थान=New Delhi, India|वेबसाइट=India Today}}</ref><ref name="shakib">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-why-shakib-al-hasan-is-one-of-cricket-s-greatest-allrounders-1219732|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|मिति=23 March 2020|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.tbsnews.net/sports/where-does-shakib-rank-among-greatest-all-rounders-106672|शीर्षक=Where does Shakib rank among the greatest all-rounders?|मिति=15 July 2020|कार्य=Business Standard|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Cricfrenzy.com|प्रथम=Z. Ahmed|मिति=1 August 2020|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक="I don't play to be the best all-rounder of all time": Shakib Al Hasan|युआरएल=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/en/article/127412/%E2%80%9CI-don%E2%80%99t-play-to-be-the-best-all-rounder-of-all-time%E2%80%9D--Shakib-Al-Hasan-|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=cricfrenzy.com}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=24 March 2020|भाषा=en|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28945972/why-shakib-al-hasan-one-cricket-greatest-allrounders|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Parida|प्रथम=Bastab K.|मिति=5 July 2019|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Greatest all-rounder of 21st century debate – where does Shakib Al Hasan stand?|युआरएल=https://sportscafe.in/cricket/articles/2019/jul/05/greatest-all-rounder-of-21-st-century-debate-where-does-shakib-al-hasan-stand|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=SportsCafe.in}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Best All-Rounders in Cricket History|युआरएल=https://www.thetoptens.com/cricket/all-rounders-cricket/|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=TheTopTens}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Is Shakib Al Hasan a greater allrounder than Garry Sobers?|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/anantha-narayanan-is-shakib-al-hasan-a-greater-allrounder-than-garry-sobers-1257937|पहुँचमिति=25 April 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>]] [[चित्र:Mohammed_Salim_(Indian_footballer)_having_feet_bandaged_at_Celtic_FC,_1936_photograph.jpg|right|thumb|मोहम्मद सलिम, विदेशी क्लबबाट खेल्ने प्रथम दक्षिण एसियाली फुटबल खेलाडी हुन्। खाली खुट्टा फुटबल खेलेका कारण सन् १९३६ मा जिमी म्याकमेनीले उनको खुट्टामा पट्टि लगाउँदै गरेको दृश्य।]] == पहिरन == [[चित्र:Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pohela Falgun.jpg|thumb|बङ्गाली महिलाहरू]] बङ्गाली पहिरन एक विविध परम्परा हो जुन समयको साथ परिवर्तन हुँदै आइरहेको छ। प्राचीन कालमा बङ्गालीहरूले मुख्यतया रूखको बोक्रा, जनावरको छाला र पातबाट बनेको लुगा लगाउने गर्दथे। आर्यहरूको आगमनपछि बङ्गालीहरूले कपास, रेशम र अन्य प्राकृतिक सामग्रीबाट बनेका पहिरनहरू लगाउन थाले। प्राचीन बङ्गालमा सिलाएका लुगाहरू अशुद्ध मानिन्थ्यो। बङ्गालमा मुसलमान शासकहरूको आगमनपछि मध्य एसियाका मुगल शासकहरूले ल्याएको गोलजमास र सलवार-कमीज जस्ता सिलाएका लुगाहरू बङ्गाली महिलाहरूमाझ लोकप्रिय बनेका थिए। प्राचीन कालमा, लुगाहरू सामान्यतया बङ्गाली रेशम वा मलमलबाट बनाइने गरिन्थ्यो। विभिन्न समयको सामाजिक, राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनसँगै बङ्गाली पहिरनमा परिवर्तन आएको छ। यद्यपि, पहिरनहरूका केही विशेषताहरू सधैँ बङ्गाली संस्कृतिसँग सम्बन्धित नै छन्। बङ्गाली पहिरनको परम्परा हजारौँ वर्ष पुरानो छ। इस्लाम धर्मको आगमन अघि बङ्गालीहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका लुगाहरू लगाउँथे भने इस्लामको आगमन पछि, मुस्लिमहरूले आफ्नै धार्मिक पहिरनको विकास गरेका थिए। बङ्गालीहरूको पहिरन परम्परा विभिन्न तरिकामा अभिव्यक्त गरिएको छ। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली मुसलमानहरूले आफ्नो धार्मिक विश्वासझल्काउन आफ्नो पहिरनमा सेतो रङ्ग प्रयोग गर्ने गर्दछन्। उनीहरूले आफ्नो सामाजिक स्थिति प्रतिबिम्बित गर्न आफ्नो पहिरनमा विभिन्न प्रकारका कपडा र गहनाहरू पनि प्रयोग गरेका छन्। === पुरुष पहिरन === बङ्गाली पुरुषहरूको पहिरनमा पर्ने मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; पाइजामा, पञ्जाबी र टोपी आदि पर्दछन्। [[पाइजामा]] लामो खालको पोशाक हो जुन घुँडासम्म पुग्छ भने पञ्जाबी कमीज जस्तो लामो हुन्छ र घुँडासम्म पुग्ने खालको हुन्छ। बङ्गालीहरू टाउकोमा गोली आकारको टोपी लागाउने गर्दछन्। === महिलाको पहिरन === बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको पहिरनका मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; [[सारी]], सलवार [[कमीज]], बुर्का, हिजाब आदि पर्दछन्। साडी लामो र पातलो कपडाबाट बनेको हुन्छ जुन शरीरको वरिपरि लपेटेर लगाइन्छ। सलवार-कमीज दुई टुक्रे कपडा हो जुन साडीभन्दा सजिलै लगाउनको लागि बनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको अर्को मुख्य पहिरन [[बुर्का]] हो जुन अनुहार छोप्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। == विवाह == {{multiple image | align =right | direction = horizontal | image1 =Xploring Weddings 4 (3679389912).jpg | caption1 = बङ्गाली मुसलमान दम्पति | width1 = 200 | image2 =Pani Grahan - Bengali Hindu Wedding - Howrah 2015-12-06 7722.JPG | caption2 = बङ्गाली हिन्दुको विवाह समारोह | width2 = 200 }} बङ्गाली विवाह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो एक धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम हो जसले दुई व्यक्ति, महिला र पुरुष बीच वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्दछ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू प्राय: तामझामले भरिएका हुन्छन् भने यसमा विभिन्न धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक रीतिरिवाजहरू समावेश गरिएका हुन्छन्। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह सामान्यतया केही दिनको लागि रहन्छ। पहिलो दिन दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा प्रस्ताव राख्ने गर्दछन्। यदि प्रस्ताव स्वीकार गरियो भने, दुलहाको परिवारले इस्लामी विवाह सम्झौताको एक कानुनी कागज बनाउँदछन् जसमा विवाहका सर्तहरू लेखिएका हुन्छन्। सम्झौता पत्र बनाएपछि दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा एउटा कार्यक्रम गर्छन्, जसलाई "गाए हल्दी" भनिन्छ। हल्दी समारोहमा, दुलहीको शरीरमा बेसारले पोतिन्छ जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह एक ठूलो सामाजिक कार्यक्रम हो। यस कार्यक्रममा प्रायः ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा अतिथिहरू उपस्थित हुन्छन्। विवाह समारोहहरू सामान्यतया विभिन्न प्रकारका खाना, सङ्गीत, नृत्य र गायनको साथ मनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाहमा [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]] र [[हिन्दु धर्म]]को प्रभाव निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। इस्लामधर्ममा विवाहलाई पवित्र बन्धनको रूपमा र जीवनको एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण अध्यायको रूपमा लिइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो दुई व्यक्तिबीच नयाँ जीवन सुरु गर्ने उत्सवको अवसर हो। बङ्गलादेशमा बङ्गाली विवाहका केही सामान्य रीतिरिवाज र परम्पराहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * हल्दी: यस अवसरमा दुलहीलाई बेसारले पोतिन्छ, जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। * विवाह समारोह: यस समारोहमा दुलहा र दुलहीले विभिन्न धार्मिक अनुष्ठान र हर्षोल्लासपूर्ण समारोहहरू पार गर्नु पर्दछ। * जन्ती जाने परम्परा: यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहासहित विवाहका लागि दुलहीको घरमा अतिथिहरू सहित उपस्थित हुन्छन्। * भोज : यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीपक्षलाई आफ्नो घरमा निमन्त्रणा गरि भोज खुवाउने चलन छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू समयको साथ परिवर्तन भएका छन्। आधुनिक युगमा, धेरै बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू छोटो र कम औपचारिक हुँदै गइरहेका छन्। यद्यपि, बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू अझै पनि बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। == खाना == बङ्गाली खाना र पकाउने शैली [[दक्षिण एसिया]]मै सबैभन्दा विविधतायुक्त छ। बङ्गाली भोजनको विशेषता यसको स्वाद र सुगन्ध झल्किन्छ। बङ्गाली खानाहरूमा मुख्यतया [[भात]], [[माछा]], [[मासु]], [[दाल]], [[तरकारी]], मिठाई आदिको पर्दछन्। बङ्गाली खानाको मुख्य विशेषता भनेको मसलाको प्रयोग हो। बङ्गाली खानाको स्वाद र सुगन्ध विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरूको साथ वृद्धि गरिएको छ। बङ्गाली खाना पकाउनमा ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा मसलाहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसमा [[बेसार]], [[खुर्सानी]], [[जीरा]], [[धनियाँ]], गरम मसाला, [[अदुवा]], [[लसुन]], [[प्याज]] आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाली भोजनका मुख्य अवयवहरू चामल, माछा, मासु, तरकारी, दाल र विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरू पर्दछन्। भात बङ्गालीहरूको मुख्य भोजन हो र यो सामान्यतया माछाको परिकार, मासुको परिकार वा पकाएको तरकारीको साथका मिसाएर खाइने गरिन्छ। माछा बङ्गालीहरूको सबैभन्दा मनपर्ने खाना हो र यसलाई तेलमा तारेर, उमालेर र पकाएर खाइन्छ। मासुहरू मध्ये कुखुरा, गाई र खसीको मासु यहाँ सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। तरकारीहरू मध्ये [[आलु]], [[भान्टा]], [[केराउ]] र [[परबर]] सबैभन्दा बढी प्रयोग गरिन्छ। दाल एक प्रोटिन युक्त खाना हो जुन सामान्यतया भातसँग मुसेर खाने गरिन्छ। == सञ्चारमाध्यम == [[चित्र:दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण.jpg|thumb|दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण, ९ नोभेम्बर १९९८]] बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यम बङ्गाली भाषी मानिसहरूलाई सूचना, संस्कृति, मनोरञ्जन आदि प्रदान गर्ने माध्यम हो। यो टेलिभिजन, रेडियो, पत्रपत्रिका, अनलाइन सञ्चार आदि सहित विभिन्न माध्यमहरू मिलेर बनेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा निजी टेलिभिजन च्यानलहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक त्यहाँ सरकारी स्वामित्वको [[बङ्गलादेश टेलिभिजन]] र बङ्गलादेश बेतार रहेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा दैनिक समाचारपत्रहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक साप्ताहिक, मासिक र त्रैमासिक पत्रिकाहरू पनि छन्। हाल बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा लोकप्रिय अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू रहेका छन्। यी माध्यमहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका समाचार, राय, विश्लेषण र मनोरञ्जनका सामग्रीहरू प्रदान गर्दछ। सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्रालय अन्तर्गतको चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागको पञ्जीकरण शाखाबाट पत्रपत्रिकाको दर्ता उपलब्ध गराइन्छ। चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागले प्रकाशित गरेको प्रतिवेदनअनुसार सन् २०१८ को जुन महिनामा ३ हजार ६१ वटा पत्रपत्रिका दर्ता भएका थिए। सन् २०२० डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म बङ्गलादेशमा दर्ता भएका समाचारपत्रहरूको सङ्ख्या ३,२१० (अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू बाहेक) रहेको छ जसमध्ये १,३५७ ढाकाबाट र १,८५३ अन्य जिल्लाहरूबाट प्रकाशित भएका छन्। यसमा १,३०९ दैनिक समाचारपत्र, ३ अर्ध-साप्ताहिक, १,२१४ साप्ताहिक, २१६ पन्ध्र दिने, ४२५ मासिक, ८ द्वैमासिक, ३० त्रैमासिक, १ त्रैमासिक, २ अर्ध-मासिक र २ वार्षिक समाचारपत्रहरू समावेश छन्।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=३० जुन २०१८|प्रकाशक=বাংলাদেশ চলচ্চিত্র ও প্রকাশনা অধিদপ্তর|शीर्षक=সারাদেশের নিবন্ধিত পত্র-পত্রিকার পরিসংখ্যান (জুন/২০১৮)|युआरएल=https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20(JUNE%202018)%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502074109/https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20%28JUNE%202018%29%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखमिति=२ मे २०२१|पहुँचमिति=८ नोभेम्बर २०१८}}</ref> प्रथोम आलो बङ्गलादेशमा सबैभन्दा धेरै पढिने र व्यापक रूपमा हेरिने बङ्गाली पत्रिका हो। आनन्दबजार पत्रिका भारतको सबैभन्दा धेरै प्रसारित हुने बङ्गाली समाचारपत्र हो। वर्तमान, प्रतिदिन, इत्तेफाक, जनकण्ठ आदि पनि व्यापक रूपमा पढिने गरिन्छ। द डेली स्टार, न्यु एज, ढाका ट्रिब्युन आदि प्रसिद्ध अङ्ग्रेजी समाचार पत्र हो। द स्टेट्सम्यान [[बङ्गाल]] क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा पुरानो अङ्ग्रेजी दैनिक हो जुन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट प्रकाशित हुन्छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लोकतन्त्र र समाजको विकासमा बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यमले महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। यसले मानिसहरूलाई सूचना प्रदान गर्दै उनीहरूमा जागरूकता बढाउने र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] 82fy6n34lk9jlx0cxr1ed8oyjcwy4iw 1368416 1368403 2026-08-04T05:53:53Z ~2026-42792-31 80119 1368416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बङ्गाली संस्कृति''' वा '''बङ्गालको संस्कृति''' [[दक्षिण एसिया|दक्षिण एसियाली]] क्षेत्रमा [[बङ्गाली जाति|बङ्गाली]]हरूद्वारा स्थापित गरिएको संस्कृति हो जसमध्ये [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा [[बङ्गाली भाषा|बङ्गाली]] एक मात्र राष्ट्रिय र राज्यभाषा हो भने [[भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू|भारतीय राज्य]]हरू [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[त्रिपुरा]] र [[असम|आसाम]]को पनि बङ्गाली भाषा प्रमुख र आधिकारिक भाषा हो। बङ्गालीहरूको लगभग १ हजार ४ सय वर्षको समृद्ध इतिहास र संस्कृति छ। दक्षिण एसियामा, [[बङ्गाल|बङ्गाल क्षेत्र]]को आफ्नै सम्पदा र विशिष्ट संस्कृति छ। त्यतिबेला बङ्गाल सबैभन्दा धनी क्षेत्र थियो। बङ्गाल क्षेत्र त्यस समयको उपमहाद्वीपीय राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्र थियो। बङ्गालले अझै पनि दक्षिण एसियाली संस्कृतिको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ र बङ्गाली संस्कृतिका उत्सवहरू विश्वव्यापी रूपमा मनाउने गरिन्छ। बङ्गाली संस्कृति धार्मिक र राष्ट्रिय दृष्टिकोणबाट पूर्णतया भिन्न छ। बङ्गाली प्रमुख जातीय भाषिक समूह हो। ढाका मुगल बङ्गालको राजधानी र मुगल भारतको प्रमुख व्यापारिक केन्द्र (सन् १६१०-१७५७) बनेको थियो। ढाका विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी बङ्गाली वृहत् सहर हो भने [[मुम्बई]] र [[दिल्ली]] पछि [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]मा तेस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र धनी वृहत् सहर पनि हो। बङ्गाल प्रदेशको एक भागको रूपमा बङ्गालले बेलायती शासनको समयमा यस क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा उन्नत राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक केन्द्रको रूपमा चर्चा पाएको थियो। [[भारतको प्रशासनिक विभाजन|विभाजन]] पछि, बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति मूलधारको बङ्गाली संस्कृतिबाट छुट्टिएको भने यसरी उनीहरूको संस्कृति पनि फरक तरिकाले विकसित भएको थियो। अझै पनि बङ्गलादेशी संस्कृति र पश्चिम बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा धेरै समानताहरू छन् जसले उनीहरू दुवैलाई बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको रूपमा एकसाथ जोड्दछ। == साहित्य == {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 340 | image_style = | caption_align = center | perrow = 4 | image1 = Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption1 = बङ्किमचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image2 = Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg | caption2 = [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] | image3 = Nazrul.jpg | caption3 = [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] | image4 = Begum Rokeya.jpg | caption4 = [[बेगम रोकेया]] | image5 = Mir mosharraf hossain.jpg | caption5 = मीर मशर्रफ हुसेन | image6 = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.jpg | caption6 = शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय | image7 = Upendrokishor-ray.gif | caption7 = उपेन्द्रकिशोर रायचौधुरी | image8 = Jibanananda Das (1899–1954).jpg | caption8 = [[जीवनानन्द दास]] | image9 = Sunil Gangopadhyay 4190.JPG | caption9 = सुनील गङ्गोपाध्याय | image10 = Humayun Ahmed 13Nov2010.jpg | caption10 = [[हुमायुन आहमेद]]}} बङ्गाली भाषामा लेखिएका साहित्यिक कृतिहरूलाई बङ्गाली साहित्य भनिन्छ। ७औँ शताब्दीको बीचतिर बङ्गाली भाषामा साहित्य लेखन सुरु भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ। १० र १२औँ शताब्दीको बीचमा लेखिएको बौद्ध दोहा-सङ्कलन चार्यपद बङ्गाली साहित्यको सबैभन्दा पुरानो नमुनाहरूमध्ये एक हो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्य कविताप्रमुख थिए। [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]] [[एसिया]]को सबैभन्दा विकसित साहित्यिक परम्पराहरू मध्ये एक हो। प्राचीन संस्कृत र मगधी प्राकृतको वंशको रूपमा [[बङ्गाली भाषा]]को विकास लगभग १०००-१२०० ईस्वीमा पाल साम्राज्य र सेन वंशको अधीनमा भएको थियो। यो बङ्गाल सल्तनतको आधिकारिक दरबारी भाषा बन्दै यसले [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] र [[फारसी भाषा|फारसी]]को प्रभावलाई अवशोषित गरेको थियो। मध्ययुगीन बङ्गालीहरूले १६औँ र १७औँ शताब्दीमा धर्मनिरपेक्ष साहित्यको विकास गराएका थिए। यो भाषा अराकानमा पनि बोलिने गरिन्थ्यो। [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा बङ्गाली पुनर्जागरणले १९औँ शताब्दीको अन्त्य र २०औँ शताब्दीको सुरुमा भाषाको आधुनिक मानकीकृत रूपको विकास गरेको थियो। [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] सन् १९१३ मा साहित्यमा [[नोबेल साहित्य पुरस्कार|नोबेल पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गर्ने प्रथम बङ्गाली लेखक बनेका थिए भने उनी प्रथम गैर-युरोपेली नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता पनि थिए। [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]] [[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारत]]को विद्रोही कविको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्। बङ्गालको विभाजन पछि पूर्वी बङ्गालमा एक विशिष्ट साहित्यिक संस्कृतिको विकास हुन पुगेको थियो भने तत्कालीन [[पूर्वी पाकिस्तान]] पछि गएर स्वतन्त्र [[बङ्गलादेश]] बनेको थियो। === प्राचीन युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको प्राचीन युग इस्वी संवत् ६५० देखि १२०० बीच रहेको छ । यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली भाषा फस्टाएको गइरहेको थियो भने बङ्गाली साहित्यमा पहिला उदाहरणहरू लेखिएका थिए। प्राचीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा कविता, गीत, कथा, नाटक आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाल सल्तनतद्वारा पहिलो एकीकृत, सांस्कृतिक बङ्गाली पहिचानको गठन गरिएको भएसँगै १३औँ शताब्दीको उत्तरार्धमा बङ्गालीलाई पहिलो पटक अदालतले आधिकारिक भाषाको रूपमा मान्यता दिएको थियो। * बौद्ध धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा त्रिपिटक, महावंश, जातक, गीता, महाभारत, रामायण आदि समावेश छन्। * हिन्दू धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। === मध्ययुग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन काल सन् १२०० देखि १८०० बीच रहेको छ। बङ्गाली साहित्य यस अवधिमा आफ्नो स्वर्णयुगबाट गुज्रिएको थियो। मध्यकालीन बङ्गाली साहित्यका मुख्य कृतिहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * धार्मिक साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा वैष्णव शब्द, शाक्त शब्द, सूफीवादी शब्द आदि समावेश छन्। * लोक साहित्य: यस साहित्यमा रामायण, महाभारत, पुराण, उपनिषद्, ब्रह्म सूत्र, तन्त्र आदि समावेश छन्। * गद्य साहित्य: यी साहित्यहरूमा बङ्ग साहित्य परिचय, चैतन्य चरित्रमृत, बृहतकोश, रामायण, महाभारत आदि समावेश छन्। === आधुनिक युग === बङ्गाली साहित्यको आधुनिक युग सन् १८०० देखि हालसम्म रहेको छ। यस अवधिमा बङ्गाली साहित्य विश्व साहित्यसँग जोडिँदै आधुनिकता तर्फ अघि बढेको थियो। यस युगका अग्रणी कविहरूमा [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]], [[काजी नजरुल इसलाम]], जसिमुद्दीन, जीवनानन्द दास आदि पर्दछन्। भने कथाकारहरूमा शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, प्रमथनाथ बरुआ, आशापूर्णा देवी आदि पर्दछन् यस्तै गरि उपन्यासकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, विभूतिभूषण बन्दोपाध्याय, माणिक बन्दोपाध्याय, सत्यजीत राय, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, ताराशङ्कर बन्दोपाध्याय, अद्वैत मल्लबर्मन, समरेश मजुमदार आदि पर्दछन्। यस्तै गरि नाटककारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, द्विजेन्द्रलाल राय, बङ्किम चट्टोपाध्याय, माइकल मधुसूदन दत्त, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, अतुल प्रसाद सेन, सत्यजीत राय र निबन्धकारहरूमा रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर, प्रमथ चौधरी, शरतचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय, रवीन्द्रनाथ त्रिवेदी, विधान चन्द्र राय आदि पर्दछन्। ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव ''' बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभाव व्यापक छ। मध्ययुगकालीन बङ्गालमा इस्लामको विकास भयो र यसको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू [[बङ्गाली साहित्य]]मा प्रतिबिम्बित भएका थिए। इस्लामको प्रभाव बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कविता, गद्य, नाटक, लोक साहित्य आदिमा देख्न सकिन्छ। बङ्गाली साहित्यको मध्ययुगीन कालमा धार्मिक साहित्य फस्टाएको थियो। यस अवधिमा वैष्णव, शाक्त र सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूको रचना गरिएको थियो। यी पदहरूले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरू प्रतिबिम्बित गर्दछन्। उदाहरणका लागि, वैष्णव श्लोकले अल्लाहलाई भगवान विष्णुको रूपमा वर्णन गर्दछ जबकि सूफीवादी श्लोकहरूले अल्लाहको प्रेम र भक्तिको बारेमा बताउँदछ। बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावलाई निम्नानुसार विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ: * भाषिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली भाषाको व्याकरण र शब्दावलीहरूमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली भाषामा थुप्रै अरबी र फारसी शब्दहरू प्रयोग गरिएका छन्। * विषयगत प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको विषयवस्तुमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको धार्मिक र नैतिक शिक्षालाई जोड दिएको थियो। * धार्मिक र सामाजिक प्रभाव: इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्यको धार्मिक र सामाजिक दृष्टिकोणमा केही परिवर्तनहरू भएका थिए। उदाहरणका लागि, मध्ययुगीन कालमा बङ्गाली साहित्यले इस्लामको आदर्श र मूल्यहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गरेको थियो। * बङ्गाली साहित्यमा इस्लामको प्रभावले बङ्गाली साहित्यको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। इस्लामको प्रभावमा बङ्गाली साहित्य समृद्ध र विविध भएको छ। == खेलकुद == [[चित्र:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|সংযোগ=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supporters_of_the_Bangladesh_cricket_team.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालामा [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]]का समर्थकहरू]] [[चित्र:Shere Bangla National Stadium.jpg|thumb|शेरे बाङ्ला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशालाको एक दृश्य]] बङ्गाली संस्कृतिमा खेलकुद एक समृद्ध र विविध सम्पदा हो। बङ्गालीहरूले युगौँदेखि विभिन्न खेलहरूमा भाग लिँदै आइरहेका छन्। यी खेलहरू बङ्गालीहरूको संस्कृति र जीवनशैलीको एक प्रमुख भाग बनिसकेको छ। '''बङ्गालको परम्परागत खेलहरूमा निम्न समावेश छन्:''' * [[कबड्डी]]: एक लोकप्रिय खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई टोलीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। एक टोलीका खेलाडीहरू अर्को टोलीको क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्छन् र आफ्नो टोलीका सदस्यहरूलाई बोलाउँछन्। अन्य टोलीका खेलाडीको काम विपक्षी टोलीका सदस्यलाई समात्नु हो। * [[लुडो]]: वा सामान्य भाषामा पोट, एक लोकप्रिय बोर्ड खोल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा चार खेलाडीले एकअर्कासँग प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा आफ्ना गोटीहरू सार्दै खेल खेल्छन्। * [[बुद्धिचाल]]: एक रणनीतिक बोर्ड खेल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच लोकप्रिय छ। यस खेलमा दुई खेलाडीले एकअर्काविरुद्ध प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले आफ्नो कालो र सेतो गोटीहरू विभिन्न रङ्गका घरहरूमा सारेर खेल खेल्छन्। * डण्डीबियो: ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|ডাংগুলি}}) (डाङ्गुली) केटाहरूले खेल्ने एक परम्परागत खल हो जुन बङ्गालीहरू बीच निकै लोकप्रिय छ। यो खेलमा दुई वा दुईभन्दा बढी खेलाडीहरू मिलेर खेल्ने गर्छन्। खेलाडीहरूले एक विशिष्ट ढाँचामा बियोहरू राख्छन् डण्डीले हिर्काउँदै खेल्ने गर्छन्। '''बङ्गाल क्षेत्रमा खेलिने आधुनिक खेलहरूमा निम्नानुसार छन्:''' * [[क्रिकेट]]: बङ्गालीहरूको बीचमा सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली]] अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटको जगतको निकै सफल मानिन्छ। * [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]]: बङ्गालीहरू बीच दोस्रो सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको जगतमा फड्को मार्दै छ। * टेनिस: टेनिस बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * [[ब्याडमिन्टन]]: बङ्गालीहरूमाझ एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। * हकी: बङ्गालीहरू बीच एक लोकप्रिय आधुनिक खेल हो। [[चित्र:Lathi_khela,_Ancient_Festival_-_Shamim_Tirmizi.jpg|thumb|[[टाङ्गाइल जिल्ला|टाङ्गाइल]]मा आयोजित लठ्ठी खेल।]] [[चित्र:Rowing_on_Canal.jpg|right|thumb| वर्षाको समयमा आयोजना गरिने डुङ्गा खियाउँदै खेलिने डुङ्गा दौड प्रतियोगिता।]] परम्परागत बङ्गाली खेलहरूमा विभिन्न [[मार्सल आर्ट|मार्सल कला]] र दौड खेलहरू समावेश रहेतापनि बेलायतीहरूद्वारा खेल्न सुरु गरिएका खेल, क्रिकेट र फुटबल हाल बङ्गालीहरू बीच सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। ऐतिहासिकरूपमा लठ्ठी खेल आफ्नो जमिन र सम्पत्तिको रक्षा गर्न वा अरूको जमिन र सम्पत्ति हडप्न एक तरिका थियो। बङ्गालका जमिनदारहरूले तालिम प्राप्त लठ्ठी खेलाडीहरूलाई हिरासतमा राखी भाडादारहरूबाट जबर्जस्ती कर उठाउने साधनको रूपमा नियुक्त गर्ने गरेका थिए। <ref name="prothom-alo">''[http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82 ঈদ উৎসবের নানা রং] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103042311/http://www.prothom-alo.com/art_and_literature/article/33350/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82|date=३ नोभेम्बर २०१३}}'',সাইমন জাকারিয়া, দৈনিক প্রথম আলো। ঢাকা থেকে প্রকাশের मिति: আগস্ট ০২, ২০১৩</ref> राष्ट्रव्यापी लठ्ठी खेल प्रतियोगिता सन् १९८९ सम्म [[कुष्टिया जिल्ला|कुष्टिया]] जिल्लामा हरेक वर्ष आयोजना गरिने गरिन्थ्यो यद्यपि यसको अभ्यास घट्दै गइरहेको छ हाल यो खेल केही चाडपर्व र उत्सवहरूमा मात्र सीमित छ।<ref name="dhakamirror.com">{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=13 December 2011|प्रकाशक=dhakamirror.com|शीर्षक=Lathi Khela to celebrate Tangail Free Day|युआरएल=http://www.dhakamirror.com/nation/lathi-khela-to-celebrate-tangail-free-day/|पहुँचमिति=9 June 2013}}</ref> [[कुस्ती]] अर्को लोकप्रिय रक्षात्मक र आफ्नो प्रतिद्वन्द्वीलाई पछार्ने खेल हो जसका धेरै क्षेत्रीय रूपहरू छन्। जस्तै; सन् १८८९ मा [[चट्टोग्राम]]का जमिनदार कादिर बख्सले बलीखेला नामक कुस्ती खेलको सुरुवात गरेका थिए। अब्दुल जब्बार भनिने एक व्यापारीले सन् १९०७ मा बङ्गालीहरूलाई बेलायती आक्रमणकारीहरूसँग लड्न तयार पार्ने खेलको विकास गर्ने उद्देश्यले कुस्ती खेलको रूपान्तरण गरेका थिए। हाल यसलाई जब्बारको कस्ती खेलको नामले चिनिन्छ।<ref name="independent">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299:jabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175:weekend-independent&Itemid=213|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela: Better Than WWE|अन्तिम=Zaman|प्रथम=Jaki|मिति=10 May 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104225255/http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299%3Ajabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175%3Aweekend-independent&Itemid=213|अभिलेखमिति=4 November 2013|प्रकाशक=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="thedailystar.net">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jabbarer-boli-khela-tomorrow/|शीर्षक=Jabbarer Boli Khela tomorrow|मिति=24 April 2013|पहुँचमिति=8 June 2013|प्रकाशक=The Daily Star}}</ref> सन् १९७२ मा लोकप्रिय [[कबड्डी]] खेललाई बङ्गलादेशको राष्ट्रिय खेल बनाइएको थियो। यो कबड्डी खेलको एक नियन्त्रित संस्करण थियो जसमा कुनै विशिष्ट नियम थिएन। बङ्गलादेश कबड्डी महासङ्घको स्थापना सन् १९७३ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Faroqi, Gofran|article=Kabadi}}</ref> [[चित्र:Shakib_Al_Hasan_(7).jpg|thumb|बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोलीका खेलाडी [[साकिब आल हासान]]<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Bangladeshi Player Shakib Al Hasan named best all-rounder in all formats by ICC: Some interesting facts about the cricketer|मिति=27 June 2015|स्थान=New Delhi, India|वेबसाइट=India Today}}</ref><ref name="shakib">{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-analysis-why-shakib-al-hasan-is-one-of-cricket-s-greatest-allrounders-1219732|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|मिति=23 March 2020|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.tbsnews.net/sports/where-does-shakib-rank-among-greatest-all-rounders-106672|शीर्षक=Where does Shakib rank among the greatest all-rounders?|मिति=15 July 2020|कार्य=Business Standard|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Cricfrenzy.com|प्रथम=Z. Ahmed|मिति=1 August 2020|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक="I don't play to be the best all-rounder of all time": Shakib Al Hasan|युआरएल=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/en/article/127412/%E2%80%9CI-don%E2%80%99t-play-to-be-the-best-all-rounder-of-all-time%E2%80%9D--Shakib-Al-Hasan-|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=cricfrenzy.com}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=24 March 2020|भाषा=en|शीर्षक=Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28945972/why-shakib-al-hasan-one-cricket-greatest-allrounders|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|अन्तिम=Parida|प्रथम=Bastab K.|मिति=5 July 2019|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Greatest all-rounder of 21st century debate – where does Shakib Al Hasan stand?|युआरएल=https://sportscafe.in/cricket/articles/2019/jul/05/greatest-all-rounder-of-21-st-century-debate-where-does-shakib-al-hasan-stand|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=SportsCafe.in}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Best All-Rounders in Cricket History|युआरएल=https://www.thetoptens.com/cricket/all-rounders-cricket/|पहुँचमिति=23 March 2021|वेबसाइट=TheTopTens}}</ref><ref>{{वेब स्रोत|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|शीर्षक=Is Shakib Al Hasan a greater allrounder than Garry Sobers?|युआरएल=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/anantha-narayanan-is-shakib-al-hasan-a-greater-allrounder-than-garry-sobers-1257937|पहुँचमिति=25 April 2021|वेबसाइट=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>]] [[चित्र:Mohammed_Salim_(Indian_footballer)_having_feet_bandaged_at_Celtic_FC,_1936_photograph.jpg|right|thumb|मोहम्मद सलिम, विदेशी क्लबबाट खेल्ने प्रथम दक्षिण एसियाली फुटबल खेलाडी हुन्। खाली खुट्टा फुटबल खेलेका कारण सन् १९३६ मा जिमी म्याकमेनीले उनको खुट्टामा पट्टि लगाउँदै गरेको दृश्य।]] == पहिरन == [[चित्र:Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pohela Falgun.jpg|thumb|बङ्गाली महिलाहरू]] बङ्गाली पहिरन एक विविध परम्परा हो जुन समयको साथ परिवर्तन हुँदै आइरहेको छ। प्राचीन कालमा बङ्गालीहरूले मुख्यतया रूखको बोक्रा, जनावरको छाला र पातबाट बनेको लुगा लगाउने गर्दथे। आर्यहरूको आगमनपछि बङ्गालीहरूले कपास, रेशम र अन्य प्राकृतिक सामग्रीबाट बनेका पहिरनहरू लगाउन थाले। प्राचीन बङ्गालमा सिलाएका लुगाहरू अशुद्ध मानिन्थ्यो। बङ्गालमा मुसलमान शासकहरूको आगमनपछि मध्य एसियाका मुगल शासकहरूले ल्याएको गोलजमास र सलवार-कमीज जस्ता सिलाएका लुगाहरू बङ्गाली महिलाहरूमाझ लोकप्रिय बनेका थिए। प्राचीन कालमा, लुगाहरू सामान्यतया बङ्गाली रेशम वा मलमलबाट बनाइने गरिन्थ्यो। विभिन्न समयको सामाजिक, राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनसँगै बङ्गाली पहिरनमा परिवर्तन आएको छ। यद्यपि, पहिरनहरूका केही विशेषताहरू सधैँ बङ्गाली संस्कृतिसँग सम्बन्धित नै छन्। बङ्गाली पहिरनको परम्परा हजारौँ वर्ष पुरानो छ। इस्लाम धर्मको आगमन अघि बङ्गालीहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका लुगाहरू लगाउँथे भने इस्लामको आगमन पछि, मुस्लिमहरूले आफ्नै धार्मिक पहिरनको विकास गरेका थिए। बङ्गालीहरूको पहिरन परम्परा विभिन्न तरिकामा अभिव्यक्त गरिएको छ। उदाहरणका लागि, बङ्गाली मुसलमानहरूले आफ्नो धार्मिक विश्वासझल्काउन आफ्नो पहिरनमा सेतो रङ्ग प्रयोग गर्ने गर्दछन्। उनीहरूले आफ्नो सामाजिक स्थिति प्रतिबिम्बित गर्न आफ्नो पहिरनमा विभिन्न प्रकारका कपडा र गहनाहरू पनि प्रयोग गरेका छन्। === पुरुष पहिरन === बङ्गाली पुरुषहरूको पहिरनमा पर्ने मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; पाइजामा, पञ्जाबी र टोपी आदि पर्दछन्। [[पाइजामा]] लामो खालको पोशाक हो जुन घुँडासम्म पुग्छ भने पञ्जाबी कमीज जस्तो लामो हुन्छ र घुँडासम्म पुग्ने खालको हुन्छ। बङ्गालीहरू टाउकोमा गोली आकारको टोपी लागाउने गर्दछन्। === महिलाको पहिरन === बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको पहिरनका मुख्य पोशाकहरूमा; [[सारी]], सलवार [[कमीज]], बुर्का, हिजाब आदि पर्दछन्। साडी लामो र पातलो कपडाबाट बनेको हुन्छ जुन शरीरको वरिपरि लपेटेर लगाइन्छ। सलवार-कमीज दुई टुक्रे कपडा हो जुन साडीभन्दा सजिलै लगाउनको लागि बनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली महिलाहरूको अर्को मुख्य पहिरन [[बुर्का]] हो जुन अनुहार छोप्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। == विवाह == {{multiple image | align =right | direction = horizontal | image1 =Xploring Weddings 4 (3679389912).jpg | caption1 = बङ्गाली मुसलमान दम्पति | width1 = 200 | image2 =Pani Grahan - Bengali Hindu Wedding - Howrah 2015-12-06 7722.JPG | caption2 = बङ्गाली हिन्दुको विवाह समारोह | width2 = 200 }} बङ्गाली विवाह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो एक धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम हो जसले दुई व्यक्ति, महिला र पुरुष बीच वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्दछ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू प्राय: तामझामले भरिएका हुन्छन् भने यसमा विभिन्न धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक रीतिरिवाजहरू समावेश गरिएका हुन्छन्। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह सामान्यतया केही दिनको लागि रहन्छ। पहिलो दिन दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा प्रस्ताव राख्ने गर्दछन्। यदि प्रस्ताव स्वीकार गरियो भने, दुलहाको परिवारले इस्लामी विवाह सम्झौताको एक कानुनी कागज बनाउँदछन् जसमा विवाहका सर्तहरू लेखिएका हुन्छन्। सम्झौता पत्र बनाएपछि दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीको घरमा एउटा कार्यक्रम गर्छन्, जसलाई "गाए हल्दी" भनिन्छ। हल्दी समारोहमा, दुलहीको शरीरमा बेसारले पोतिन्छ जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह एक ठूलो सामाजिक कार्यक्रम हो। यस कार्यक्रममा प्रायः ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा अतिथिहरू उपस्थित हुन्छन्। विवाह समारोहहरू सामान्यतया विभिन्न प्रकारका खाना, सङ्गीत, नृत्य र गायनको साथ मनाइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाहमा [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]] र [[हिन्दु धर्म]]को प्रभाव निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। इस्लामधर्ममा विवाहलाई पवित्र बन्धनको रूपमा र जीवनको एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण अध्यायको रूपमा लिइन्छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोह बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। यो दुई व्यक्तिबीच नयाँ जीवन सुरु गर्ने उत्सवको अवसर हो। बङ्गलादेशमा बङ्गाली विवाहका केही सामान्य रीतिरिवाज र परम्पराहरू यस प्रकार छन्: * हल्दी: यस अवसरमा दुलहीलाई बेसारले पोतिन्छ, जुन पवित्रता र एकताको प्रतीक हो। * विवाह समारोह: यस समारोहमा दुलहा र दुलहीले विभिन्न धार्मिक अनुष्ठान र हर्षोल्लासपूर्ण समारोहहरू पार गर्नु पर्दछ। * जन्ती जाने परम्परा: यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहासहित विवाहका लागि दुलहीको घरमा अतिथिहरू सहित उपस्थित हुन्छन्। * भोज : यस समारोहमा दुलहाको परिवारले दुलहीपक्षलाई आफ्नो घरमा निमन्त्रणा गरि भोज खुवाउने चलन छ। बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू समयको साथ परिवर्तन भएका छन्। आधुनिक युगमा, धेरै बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू छोटो र कम औपचारिक हुँदै गइरहेका छन्। यद्यपि, बङ्गाली विवाह समारोहहरू अझै पनि बङ्गाली संस्कृतिको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग हो। == खाना == बङ्गाली खाना र पकाउने शैली [[दक्षिण एसिया]]मै सबैभन्दा विविधतायुक्त छ। बङ्गाली भोजनको विशेषता यसको स्वाद र सुगन्ध झल्किन्छ। बङ्गाली खानाहरूमा मुख्यतया [[भात]], [[माछा]], [[मासु]], [[दाल]], [[तरकारी]], मिठाई आदिको पर्दछन्। बङ्गाली खानाको मुख्य विशेषता भनेको मसलाको प्रयोग हो। बङ्गाली खानाको स्वाद र सुगन्ध विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरूको साथ वृद्धि गरिएको छ। बङ्गाली खाना पकाउनमा ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा मसलाहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसमा [[बेसार]], [[खुर्सानी]], [[जीरा]], [[धनियाँ]], गरम मसाला, [[अदुवा]], [[लसुन]], [[प्याज]] आदि समावेश छन्। बङ्गाली भोजनका मुख्य अवयवहरू चामल, माछा, मासु, तरकारी, दाल र विभिन्न प्रकारका मसलाहरू पर्दछन्। भात बङ्गालीहरूको मुख्य भोजन हो र यो सामान्यतया माछाको परिकार, मासुको परिकार वा पकाएको तरकारीको साथका मिसाएर खाइने गरिन्छ। माछा बङ्गालीहरूको सबैभन्दा मनपर्ने खाना हो र यसलाई तेलमा तारेर, उमालेर र पकाएर खाइन्छ। मासुहरू मध्ये कुखुरा, गाई र खसीको मासु यहाँ सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय छ। तरकारीहरू मध्ये [[आलु]], [[भान्टा]], [[केराउ]] र [[परबर]] सबैभन्दा बढी प्रयोग गरिन्छ। दाल एक प्रोटिन युक्त खाना हो जुन सामान्यतया भातसँग मुसेर खाने गरिन्छ। == सञ्चारमाध्यम == [[चित्र:दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण.jpg|thumb|दैनिक प्रथोम आलो पत्रिकाको प्रथम संस्करण, ९ नोभेम्बर १९९८]] बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यम बङ्गाली भाषी मानिसहरूलाई सूचना, संस्कृति, मनोरञ्जन आदि प्रदान गर्ने माध्यम हो। यो टेलिभिजन, रेडियो, पत्रपत्रिका, अनलाइन सञ्चार आदि सहित विभिन्न माध्यमहरू मिलेर बनेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा निजी टेलिभिजन च्यानलहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक त्यहाँ सरकारी स्वामित्वको [[बङ्गलादेश टेलिभिजन]] र बङ्गलादेश बेतार रहेको छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा दैनिक समाचारपत्रहरू रहेका छन्। यसबाहेक साप्ताहिक, मासिक र त्रैमासिक पत्रिकाहरू पनि छन्। हाल बङ्गलादेशमा लगभग १०० वटा लोकप्रिय अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू रहेका छन्। यी माध्यमहरूले विभिन्न प्रकारका समाचार, राय, विश्लेषण र मनोरञ्जनका सामग्रीहरू प्रदान गर्दछ। सूचना तथा प्रसारण मन्त्रालय अन्तर्गतको चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागको पञ्जीकरण शाखाबाट पत्रपत्रिकाको दर्ता उपलब्ध गराइन्छ। चलचित्र तथा प्रकाशन विभागले प्रकाशित गरेको प्रतिवेदनअनुसार सन् २०१८ को जुन महिनामा ३ हजार ६१ वटा पत्रपत्रिका दर्ता भएका थिए। सन् २०२० डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म बङ्गलादेशमा दर्ता भएका समाचारपत्रहरूको सङ्ख्या ३,२१० (अनलाइन सञ्चारमाध्यमहरू बाहेक) रहेको छ जसमध्ये १,३५७ ढाकाबाट र १,८५३ अन्य जिल्लाहरूबाट प्रकाशित भएका छन्। यसमा १,३०९ दैनिक समाचारपत्र, ३ अर्ध-साप्ताहिक, १,२१४ साप्ताहिक, २१६ पन्ध्र दिने, ४२५ मासिक, ८ द्वैमासिक, ३० त्रैमासिक, १ त्रैमासिक, २ अर्ध-मासिक र २ वार्षिक समाचारपत्रहरू समावेश छन्।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|मिति=३० जुन २०१८|प्रकाशक=বাংলাদেশ চলচ্চিত্র ও প্রকাশনা অধিদপ্তর|शीर्षक=সারাদেশের নিবন্ধিত পত্র-পত্রিকার পরিসংখ্যান (জুন/২০১৮)|युआरएल=https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20(JUNE%202018)%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502074109/https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/415b6d7c_437f_4e1e_a541_aa5c33be9d01/List%20of%20Registered%20newspapers%20%28JUNE%202018%29%20-%20Copy.pdf|अभिलेखमिति=२ मे २०२१|पहुँचमिति=८ नोभेम्बर २०१८}}</ref> प्रथोम आलो बङ्गलादेशमा सबैभन्दा धेरै पढिने र व्यापक रूपमा हेरिने बङ्गाली पत्रिका हो। आनन्दबजार पत्रिका भारतको सबैभन्दा धेरै प्रसारित हुने बङ्गाली समाचारपत्र हो। वर्तमान, प्रतिदिन, इत्तेफाक, जनकण्ठ आदि पनि व्यापक रूपमा पढिने गरिन्छ। द डेली स्टार, न्यु एज, ढाका ट्रिब्युन आदि प्रसिद्ध अङ्ग्रेजी समाचार पत्र हो। द स्टेट्सम्यान [[बङ्गाल]] क्षेत्रको सबैभन्दा पुरानो अङ्ग्रेजी दैनिक हो जुन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट प्रकाशित हुन्छ। बङ्गलादेशमा लोकतन्त्र र समाजको विकासमा बङ्गाली सञ्चारमाध्यमले महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ। यसले मानिसहरूलाई सूचना प्रदान गर्दै उनीहरूमा जागरूकता बढाउने र समाजमा परिवर्तन ल्याउन मद्दत गर्दछ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:संस्कृति]] bmnabcvqxg50zipgnhsjc4ihcma1zuk 0 147050 1368437 1368342 2026-08-04T09:55:41Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = एक्सिलेन्सी | name = Sanae Takaichi | native_name = {{nobold|高市 早苗}} | native_name_lang = ja | image = चित्र:Sanae Takaichi 20251021.jpg | caption = Takaichi in 2025 | office = जापानका प्रधानमन्त्री | status = | monarch = [[नारुहितो]] | term_start = 21 October 2025 | term_end = | succeeding = | predecessor = [[Shigeru Ishiba]] | successor = }} '''सानाए ताकाइची''' (जन्म: सन् १९६१ मार्च ७) जापानी राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्। उनी सन् २०२५ देखि [[जापान|जापानकी]] प्रधानमन्त्री तथा लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (LDP) की अध्यक्ष हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तकाइची बनिन् जापानको पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/10/1787351/takaichi-becomes-japans-first-female-prime-minister |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> उनी यी दुवै पदमा पुग्ने पहिली महिला हुन्, साथै [[नारा प्रान्त]] बाट यी पदहरूमा पुग्ने पहिलो व्यक्ति पनि हुन्। उनले सन् १९९३ देखि २००३ र पुनः २००५ देखि प्रतिनिधि सभाको सदस्यको रूपमा कार्य गर्दै आएकी छिन्। यस अवधिमा उनले [[सिन्जो आबे|शिन्जो आबे]] र [[फुमिओ किसिदा|फुमिओ किशिदा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा विभिन्न मन्त्रीस्तरीय जिम्मेवारीहरू पनि सम्हालेकी थिइन्। ताकाइचीको जन्म र बाल्यकाल नारा प्रान्तको यामातोकोरियामा (Yamatokōriyama) मा भएको हो। उनले [[कोबे विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट स्नातक गरेकी थिइन्। राजनीतिक यात्राको आरम्भ गर्नु अघि उनी लेखक, विधायकीय सहायक र प्रसारकको रूपमा कार्यरत थिइन्। सन् १९९३ मा स्वतन्त्र उम्मेदवारका रूपमा प्रतिनिधिसभामा निर्वाचित भएपछि उनले सन् १९९६ मा [[लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (LDP)]] मा प्रवेश गरिन्। शिन्जो आबेकी नजिककी शिष्य (protégé) मानिने ताकाइचीले आबेको प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा विभिन्न महत्वपूर्ण पदहरू सम्हालिन्, विशेषतः आन्तरिक मामिला र सञ्चार मन्त्रीको रूपमा उनी संलग्न रहिन्। उनले सन् २०२१ को LDP नेतृत्व चुनावमा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेकी थिइन्, तर दोस्रो चरण अघि नै तेस्रो स्थानमा रही बाहिरिइन्। त्यसपछि, सन् २०२२ देखि २०२४ सम्म फुमिओ किशिदाको सरकारमा उनी आर्थिक सुरक्षा मामिला मन्त्री भइन्। सन् २०२४ को LDP नेतृत्व चुनावमा उनले पुनः उम्मेदवारी दिइन् जसमा पहिलो चरणमा सबै भन्दा बढी मत प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्, तर दोस्रो चरणमा आफ्नो पूर्ववर्ती शिगेरु इशिबा सँग साँघुरो मतान्तरले पराजित भइन्। अन्ततः सन् २०२५ को नेतृत्व चुनावमा तेस्रो पटक प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्दै उनले दुवै चरणमा विजय हासिल गरिन् र शिन्जिरो कोइजुमीलाई पराजित गर्दै पार्टीको पहिलो महिला अध्यक्ष बनिन्। त्यसपछि, जापान इन्नोभेसन पार्टीसँग गठबन्धन सम्झौता गरेर उनले २०२५ अक्टोबर २१ मा राष्ट्रिय संसद (National Diet) द्वारा जापानकी पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा निर्वाचित भइन्। ताकाइचीका विचारहरूलाई प्रायः रूढीवादी (conservative) तथा कहिलेकाहीँ अति रूढीवादी (ultraconservative) भनेर व्याख्या गरिन्छन्। उनको आन्तरिक नीतिमा सक्रिय सरकारी खर्चको समर्थन र आबेनोमिक्स (Abenomics, सन् २०१२ को चुनावपछिका आर्थिक नीतिहरू) को निरन्तरतामा जोड दिइएको छ। सामाजिक विषयहरूमा उनले परम्परागत दृष्टिकोण अपनाएकी छन् जस्तै, वैवाहिक जोडीहरूलाई अलग थर मान्यता नदिनु तथा जापानी सम्राटीय उत्तराधिकारमा महिलाको अधिकारका विषयमा परम्परागत दृष्टिकोण राख्नु उनको धारणा रहेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=कट्टर रूढिवादी ताकाइची बनिन् जापानको पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/519284/hardline-conservative-takaichi-becomes-japans-first-female-prime-minister |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}</ref> उनी जापानको संविधानको धारा ९, जसले सैन्य बल प्रयोगको निषेध गर्छ, त्यसको संशोधनको पक्षमा छिन्। साथै उनी ताइवान समर्थक [[विदेश नीति|परराष्ट्र नीति]] र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका–जापान गठबन्धन सुदृढीकरणको पक्षधर पनि हुन्। निप्पन काइगी (जापानको सबैभन्दा ठूलो अति-रूढीवादी र अति-राष्ट्रवादी दक्षिणपन्थी गैर-सरकारी संस्था) की सदस्य भएकी ताकाइचीले जापानको उपनिवेशकालीन इतिहासप्रति पुनर्व्याख्यात्मक दृष्टिकोण मिडिया, शिक्षण संस्था र शैक्षिक पाठ्यक्रममा प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने तर्क गरेकी छन्। उनले सरकारका मुरायामा र कोनो वक्तव्यहरूको आलोचना गरेकी छिन् र विवादास्पद यासुकुनी मन्दिर मा समेत भ्रमण गरेकी छिन्। === विदेश नीति === [[चित्र:20251025_Sanae_Takaichi_47th_ASEAN_Summit_(7).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२५ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा क्वालालम्पुरमा ४७ औं आसियान शिखर सम्मेलनको क्रममा ताकाइचीले फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर|बोङबोङ मार्कोस]]सँग भेट गरे]] [[चित्र:Japan-U.S._Summit_Meeting_000184120.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२८ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा टोकियोको आकासाका दरबारमा द्विपक्षीय बैठकको क्रममा अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँग ताकाइची]] [[चित्र:Sanae_Takaichi_and_Le_Minh_Hung_20260502.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२ मे २०२६ मा हनोईमा भएको द्विपक्षीय बैठकको क्रममा भियतनामका प्रधानमन्त्री ले मिन्ह हङसँग ताकाइची]] ताकाचीले मलेसियाको क्वालालम्पुरमा भएको ४७ औं आसियान शिखर सम्मेलनमा आफ्नो कूटनीतिक सुरुवात गरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनले समुद्री, कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता र साइबर सुरक्षा क्षेत्रमा सहयोगलाई सुदृढ पार्न प्रयास गरिन्। उनले फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर|बोङबोङ मार्कोस]], मलेसियाली प्रधानमन्त्री अनवर इब्राहिम र अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[एन्थोनी अल्बानिज|एन्थोनी अल्बानीज]]सँग द्विपक्षीय भेट -बैठक पनि गरिन्।<ref name="Takaichi makes diplomatic debut with ASEAN maritime security and AI pledge">{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/27/japan/politics/sanae-takaichi-asean-summit/|title=Takaichi makes diplomatic debut with ASEAN maritime security and AI pledge|last1=Johnson|first1=Jesse|date=27 October 2025|work=The Japan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040853/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/27/japan/politics/sanae-takaichi-asean-summit/|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Japan PM Takaichi meets Philippine President Marcos in Malaysia">{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251026_13/|title=Japan PM Takaichi meets Philippine President Marcos in Malaysia|work=NHK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040929/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251026_13/|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="New Japan Prime Minister Takaichi set for global diplomatic stage">{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251025_03/|title=New Japan Prime Minister Takaichi set for global diplomatic stage|work=NHK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025213619/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251025_03/|archive-date=25 October 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="FOCUS: Japan's new PM Takaichi makes mark at ASEAN amid China concerns">{{cite news|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/63638|title=FOCUS: Japan's new PM Takaichi makes mark at ASEAN amid China concerns|date=28 October 2025|work=Japan Wire by KYODO NEWS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040938/https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/63638|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> आसियान बैठकको क्रममा, ताकाचीले आसियान+३ शिखर सम्मेलन, आसियान-जापान शिखर सम्मेलन, २० औं पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलन र दोस्रो आसियान विश्वव्यापी संवादमा पनि भाग लिए। ताकाचीले शिखर सम्मेलनका बाँकी कार्यक्रमहरू छोडे र भोलिपल्ट अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँग भेट्न टोकियो फर्किन्।<ref name="AsahiASEAN">{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16117458|title=Takaichi calls for closer maritime security ties with ASEAN members|last1=Ota|first1=Narumi|date=27 October 2025|access-date=28 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103041007/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16117458|archive-date=3 November 2025|agency=The Asahi Shimbun|url-status=live}}</ref>[[चित्र:20251031_Sanae_Takaichi_at_the_APEC_South_Korea_2025_(4).jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|३१ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा दक्षिण कोरिया २०२५ शिखर सम्मेलनमा जापानी प्रधानमन्त्री [[सानाए ताकाइची|साने ताकाइची]] र दक्षिण कोरिया [[ली जे म्युङ]]]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:जापानका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६१ मा जन्म]] njaz7pfack2ayk119cjb9ncb53rift1 1368438 1368437 2026-08-04T09:59:33Z Bishaldev100 28807 1368438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = एक्सिलेन्सी | name = Sanae Takaichi | native_name = {{nobold|高市 早苗}} | native_name_lang = ja | image = चित्र:Sanae Takaichi 20251021.jpg | caption = Takaichi in 2025 | office = जापानका प्रधानमन्त्री | status = | monarch = [[नारुहितो]] | term_start = 21 October 2025 | term_end = | succeeding = | predecessor = [[Shigeru Ishiba]] | successor = }} '''सानाए ताकाइची''' (जन्म: सन् १९६१ मार्च ७) जापानी राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्। उनी सन् २०२५ देखि [[जापान|जापानकी]] प्रधानमन्त्री तथा लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (LDP) की अध्यक्ष हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तकाइची बनिन् जापानको पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/10/1787351/takaichi-becomes-japans-first-female-prime-minister |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> उनी यी दुवै पदमा पुग्ने पहिली महिला हुन्, साथै [[नारा प्रान्त]] बाट यी पदहरूमा पुग्ने पहिलो व्यक्ति पनि हुन्। उनले सन् १९९३ देखि २००३ र पुनः २००५ देखि प्रतिनिधि सभाको सदस्यको रूपमा कार्य गर्दै आएकी छिन्। यस अवधिमा उनले [[सिन्जो आबे|शिन्जो आबे]] र [[फुमिओ किसिदा|फुमिओ किशिदा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा विभिन्न मन्त्रीस्तरीय जिम्मेवारीहरू पनि सम्हालेकी थिइन्। ताकाइचीको जन्म र बाल्यकाल नारा प्रान्तको यामातोकोरियामा (Yamatokōriyama) मा भएको हो। उनले [[कोबे विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट स्नातक गरेकी थिइन्। राजनीतिक यात्राको आरम्भ गर्नु अघि उनी लेखक, विधायकीय सहायक र प्रसारकको रूपमा कार्यरत थिइन्। सन् १९९३ मा स्वतन्त्र उम्मेदवारका रूपमा प्रतिनिधिसभामा निर्वाचित भएपछि उनले सन् १९९६ मा [[लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (LDP)]] मा प्रवेश गरिन्। शिन्जो आबेकी नजिककी शिष्य (protégé) मानिने ताकाइचीले आबेको प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा विभिन्न महत्वपूर्ण पदहरू सम्हालिन्, विशेषतः आन्तरिक मामिला र सञ्चार मन्त्रीको रूपमा उनी संलग्न रहिन्। उनले सन् २०२१ को LDP नेतृत्व चुनावमा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेकी थिइन्, तर दोस्रो चरण अघि नै तेस्रो स्थानमा रही बाहिरिइन्। त्यसपछि, सन् २०२२ देखि २०२४ सम्म फुमिओ किशिदाको सरकारमा उनी आर्थिक सुरक्षा मामिला मन्त्री भइन्। सन् २०२४ को LDP नेतृत्व चुनावमा उनले पुनः उम्मेदवारी दिइन् जसमा पहिलो चरणमा सबै भन्दा बढी मत प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्, तर दोस्रो चरणमा आफ्नो पूर्ववर्ती शिगेरु इशिबा सँग साँघुरो मतान्तरले पराजित भइन्। अन्ततः सन् २०२५ को नेतृत्व चुनावमा तेस्रो पटक प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्दै उनले दुवै चरणमा विजय हासिल गरिन् र शिन्जिरो कोइजुमीलाई पराजित गर्दै पार्टीको पहिलो महिला अध्यक्ष बनिन्। त्यसपछि, जापान इन्नोभेसन पार्टीसँग गठबन्धन सम्झौता गरेर उनले २०२५ अक्टोबर २१ मा राष्ट्रिय संसद (National Diet) द्वारा जापानकी पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा निर्वाचित भइन्। ताकाइचीका विचारहरूलाई प्रायः रूढीवादी (conservative) तथा कहिलेकाहीँ अति रूढीवादी (ultraconservative) भनेर व्याख्या गरिन्छन्। उनको आन्तरिक नीतिमा सक्रिय सरकारी खर्चको समर्थन र आबेनोमिक्स (Abenomics, सन् २०१२ को चुनावपछिका आर्थिक नीतिहरू) को निरन्तरतामा जोड दिइएको छ। सामाजिक विषयहरूमा उनले परम्परागत दृष्टिकोण अपनाएकी छन् जस्तै, वैवाहिक जोडीहरूलाई अलग थर मान्यता नदिनु तथा जापानी सम्राटीय उत्तराधिकारमा महिलाको अधिकारका विषयमा परम्परागत दृष्टिकोण राख्नु उनको धारणा रहेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=कट्टर रूढिवादी ताकाइची बनिन् जापानको पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/519284/hardline-conservative-takaichi-becomes-japans-first-female-prime-minister |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}</ref> उनी जापानको संविधानको धारा ९, जसले सैन्य बल प्रयोगको निषेध गर्छ, त्यसको संशोधनको पक्षमा छिन्। साथै उनी ताइवान समर्थक [[विदेश नीति|परराष्ट्र नीति]] र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका–जापान गठबन्धन सुदृढीकरणको पक्षधर पनि हुन्। निप्पन काइगी (जापानको सबैभन्दा ठूलो अति-रूढीवादी र अति-राष्ट्रवादी दक्षिणपन्थी गैर-सरकारी संस्था) की सदस्य भएकी ताकाइचीले जापानको उपनिवेशकालीन इतिहासप्रति पुनर्व्याख्यात्मक दृष्टिकोण मिडिया, शिक्षण संस्था र शैक्षिक पाठ्यक्रममा प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने तर्क गरेकी छन्। उनले सरकारका मुरायामा र कोनो वक्तव्यहरूको आलोचना गरेकी छिन् र विवादास्पद यासुकुनी मन्दिर मा समेत भ्रमण गरेकी छिन्। == प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (२०२५–हाल) == अक्टोबर २१ मा प्रधानमन्त्री बनेपछि, आफ्नो उद्घाटन पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा, ताकाइचीले भनिन् कि उनले सबै कुरा भन्दा माथि "अवसरको समानतालाई प्राथमिकता दिए", र मन्त्रीहरूको छनोट लिङ्गिकको आधारमा होइन, उनीहरूको योग्यताको आधारमा गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=高市早苗・自民党総裁、第104代首相に選出 憲政史上初の女性宰相 |trans-title=LDP President Sanae Takaichi is 104th Prime Minister and the First Woman to Hold the Role since the Introduction of Constitutional Government |url=https://www.bbc.com/japanese/articles/cvgd4g4kdgpo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251022191337/https://www.bbc.com/japanese/articles/cvgd4g4kdgpo |archive-date=22 October 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=BBC News |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Sanae Takaichi makes history as Japan's first female prime minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c751z23n3n7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021085806/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c751z23n3n7o |archive-date=21 October 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=BBC News}}</ref> === विदेश नीति === [[चित्र:20251025_Sanae_Takaichi_47th_ASEAN_Summit_(7).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२५ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा क्वालालम्पुरमा ४७ औं आसियान शिखर सम्मेलनको क्रममा ताकाइचीले फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर|बोङबोङ मार्कोस]]सँग भेट गरे]] [[चित्र:Japan-U.S._Summit_Meeting_000184120.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२८ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा टोकियोको आकासाका दरबारमा द्विपक्षीय बैठकको क्रममा अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँग ताकाइची]] [[चित्र:Sanae_Takaichi_and_Le_Minh_Hung_20260502.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२ मे २०२६ मा हनोईमा भएको द्विपक्षीय बैठकको क्रममा भियतनामका प्रधानमन्त्री ले मिन्ह हङसँग ताकाइची]] ताकाचीले मलेसियाको क्वालालम्पुरमा भएको ४७ औं आसियान शिखर सम्मेलनमा आफ्नो कूटनीतिक सुरुवात गरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनले समुद्री, कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता र साइबर सुरक्षा क्षेत्रमा सहयोगलाई सुदृढ पार्न प्रयास गरिन्। उनले फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर|बोङबोङ मार्कोस]], मलेसियाली प्रधानमन्त्री अनवर इब्राहिम र अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[एन्थोनी अल्बानिज|एन्थोनी अल्बानीज]]सँग द्विपक्षीय भेट -बैठक पनि गरिन्।<ref name="Takaichi makes diplomatic debut with ASEAN maritime security and AI pledge">{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/27/japan/politics/sanae-takaichi-asean-summit/|title=Takaichi makes diplomatic debut with ASEAN maritime security and AI pledge|last1=Johnson|first1=Jesse|date=27 October 2025|work=The Japan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040853/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/27/japan/politics/sanae-takaichi-asean-summit/|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Japan PM Takaichi meets Philippine President Marcos in Malaysia">{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251026_13/|title=Japan PM Takaichi meets Philippine President Marcos in Malaysia|work=NHK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040929/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251026_13/|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="New Japan Prime Minister Takaichi set for global diplomatic stage">{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251025_03/|title=New Japan Prime Minister Takaichi set for global diplomatic stage|work=NHK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025213619/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251025_03/|archive-date=25 October 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="FOCUS: Japan's new PM Takaichi makes mark at ASEAN amid China concerns">{{cite news|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/63638|title=FOCUS: Japan's new PM Takaichi makes mark at ASEAN amid China concerns|date=28 October 2025|work=Japan Wire by KYODO NEWS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040938/https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/63638|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> आसियान बैठकको क्रममा, ताकाचीले आसियान+३ शिखर सम्मेलन, आसियान-जापान शिखर सम्मेलन, २० औं पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलन र दोस्रो आसियान विश्वव्यापी संवादमा पनि भाग लिए। ताकाचीले शिखर सम्मेलनका बाँकी कार्यक्रमहरू छोडे र भोलिपल्ट अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँग भेट्न टोकियो फर्किन्।<ref name="AsahiASEAN">{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16117458|title=Takaichi calls for closer maritime security ties with ASEAN members|last1=Ota|first1=Narumi|date=27 October 2025|access-date=28 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103041007/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16117458|archive-date=3 November 2025|agency=The Asahi Shimbun|url-status=live}}</ref>[[चित्र:20251031_Sanae_Takaichi_at_the_APEC_South_Korea_2025_(4).jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|३१ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा दक्षिण कोरिया २०२५ शिखर सम्मेलनमा जापानी प्रधानमन्त्री [[सानाए ताकाइची|साने ताकाइची]] र दक्षिण कोरिया [[ली जे म्युङ]]]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:जापानका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६१ मा जन्म]] eu3elzvk4272sfml194dvzw7j6pfalp 1368439 1368438 2026-08-04T10:03:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (२०२५–हाल) */ 1368439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = एक्सिलेन्सी | name = Sanae Takaichi | native_name = {{nobold|高市 早苗}} | native_name_lang = ja | image = चित्र:Sanae Takaichi 20251021.jpg | caption = Takaichi in 2025 | office = जापानका प्रधानमन्त्री | status = | monarch = [[नारुहितो]] | term_start = 21 October 2025 | term_end = | succeeding = | predecessor = [[Shigeru Ishiba]] | successor = }} '''सानाए ताकाइची''' (जन्म: सन् १९६१ मार्च ७) जापानी राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्। उनी सन् २०२५ देखि [[जापान|जापानकी]] प्रधानमन्त्री तथा लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (LDP) की अध्यक्ष हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तकाइची बनिन् जापानको पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/10/1787351/takaichi-becomes-japans-first-female-prime-minister |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> उनी यी दुवै पदमा पुग्ने पहिली महिला हुन्, साथै [[नारा प्रान्त]] बाट यी पदहरूमा पुग्ने पहिलो व्यक्ति पनि हुन्। उनले सन् १९९३ देखि २००३ र पुनः २००५ देखि प्रतिनिधि सभाको सदस्यको रूपमा कार्य गर्दै आएकी छिन्। यस अवधिमा उनले [[सिन्जो आबे|शिन्जो आबे]] र [[फुमिओ किसिदा|फुमिओ किशिदा]]को प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा विभिन्न मन्त्रीस्तरीय जिम्मेवारीहरू पनि सम्हालेकी थिइन्। ताकाइचीको जन्म र बाल्यकाल नारा प्रान्तको यामातोकोरियामा (Yamatokōriyama) मा भएको हो। उनले [[कोबे विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट स्नातक गरेकी थिइन्। राजनीतिक यात्राको आरम्भ गर्नु अघि उनी लेखक, विधायकीय सहायक र प्रसारकको रूपमा कार्यरत थिइन्। सन् १९९३ मा स्वतन्त्र उम्मेदवारका रूपमा प्रतिनिधिसभामा निर्वाचित भएपछि उनले सन् १९९६ मा [[लिबरल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (LDP)]] मा प्रवेश गरिन्। शिन्जो आबेकी नजिककी शिष्य (protégé) मानिने ताकाइचीले आबेको प्रधानमन्त्रीकालमा विभिन्न महत्वपूर्ण पदहरू सम्हालिन्, विशेषतः आन्तरिक मामिला र सञ्चार मन्त्रीको रूपमा उनी संलग्न रहिन्। उनले सन् २०२१ को LDP नेतृत्व चुनावमा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेकी थिइन्, तर दोस्रो चरण अघि नै तेस्रो स्थानमा रही बाहिरिइन्। त्यसपछि, सन् २०२२ देखि २०२४ सम्म फुमिओ किशिदाको सरकारमा उनी आर्थिक सुरक्षा मामिला मन्त्री भइन्। सन् २०२४ को LDP नेतृत्व चुनावमा उनले पुनः उम्मेदवारी दिइन् जसमा पहिलो चरणमा सबै भन्दा बढी मत प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्, तर दोस्रो चरणमा आफ्नो पूर्ववर्ती शिगेरु इशिबा सँग साँघुरो मतान्तरले पराजित भइन्। अन्ततः सन् २०२५ को नेतृत्व चुनावमा तेस्रो पटक प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्दै उनले दुवै चरणमा विजय हासिल गरिन् र शिन्जिरो कोइजुमीलाई पराजित गर्दै पार्टीको पहिलो महिला अध्यक्ष बनिन्। त्यसपछि, जापान इन्नोभेसन पार्टीसँग गठबन्धन सम्झौता गरेर उनले २०२५ अक्टोबर २१ मा राष्ट्रिय संसद (National Diet) द्वारा जापानकी पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा निर्वाचित भइन्। ताकाइचीका विचारहरूलाई प्रायः रूढीवादी (conservative) तथा कहिलेकाहीँ अति रूढीवादी (ultraconservative) भनेर व्याख्या गरिन्छन्। उनको आन्तरिक नीतिमा सक्रिय सरकारी खर्चको समर्थन र आबेनोमिक्स (Abenomics, सन् २०१२ को चुनावपछिका आर्थिक नीतिहरू) को निरन्तरतामा जोड दिइएको छ। सामाजिक विषयहरूमा उनले परम्परागत दृष्टिकोण अपनाएकी छन् जस्तै, वैवाहिक जोडीहरूलाई अलग थर मान्यता नदिनु तथा जापानी सम्राटीय उत्तराधिकारमा महिलाको अधिकारका विषयमा परम्परागत दृष्टिकोण राख्नु उनको धारणा रहेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=कट्टर रूढिवादी ताकाइची बनिन् जापानको पहिलो महिला प्रधानमन्त्री |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/519284/hardline-conservative-takaichi-becomes-japans-first-female-prime-minister |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=www.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}</ref> उनी जापानको संविधानको धारा ९, जसले सैन्य बल प्रयोगको निषेध गर्छ, त्यसको संशोधनको पक्षमा छिन्। साथै उनी ताइवान समर्थक [[विदेश नीति|परराष्ट्र नीति]] र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका–जापान गठबन्धन सुदृढीकरणको पक्षधर पनि हुन्। निप्पन काइगी (जापानको सबैभन्दा ठूलो अति-रूढीवादी र अति-राष्ट्रवादी दक्षिणपन्थी गैर-सरकारी संस्था) की सदस्य भएकी ताकाइचीले जापानको उपनिवेशकालीन इतिहासप्रति पुनर्व्याख्यात्मक दृष्टिकोण मिडिया, शिक्षण संस्था र शैक्षिक पाठ्यक्रममा प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने तर्क गरेकी छन्। उनले सरकारका मुरायामा र कोनो वक्तव्यहरूको आलोचना गरेकी छिन् र विवादास्पद यासुकुनी मन्दिर मा समेत भ्रमण गरेकी छिन्। == प्रधानमन्त्रीकाल (२०२५–हाल) == अक्टोबर २१ मा प्रधानमन्त्री बनेपछि, आफ्नो उद्घाटन पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा, ताकाइचीले भनिन् कि उनले सबै कुरा भन्दा माथि "अवसरको समानतालाई प्राथमिकता दिए", र मन्त्रीहरूको छनोट लिङ्गिकको आधारमा होइन, उनीहरूको योग्यताको आधारमा गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=高市早苗・自民党総裁、第104代首相に選出 憲政史上初の女性宰相 |trans-title=LDP President Sanae Takaichi is 104th Prime Minister and the First Woman to Hold the Role since the Introduction of Constitutional Government |url=https://www.bbc.com/japanese/articles/cvgd4g4kdgpo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251022191337/https://www.bbc.com/japanese/articles/cvgd4g4kdgpo |archive-date=22 October 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=BBC News |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Sanae Takaichi makes history as Japan's first female prime minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c751z23n3n7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021085806/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c751z23n3n7o |archive-date=21 October 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=BBC News}}</ref> === विदेश नीति === [[चित्र:20251025_Sanae_Takaichi_47th_ASEAN_Summit_(7).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२५ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा क्वालालम्पुरमा ४७ औं आसियान शिखर सम्मेलनको क्रममा ताकाइचीले फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर|बोङबोङ मार्कोस]]सँग भेट गरे]] [[चित्र:Japan-U.S._Summit_Meeting_000184120.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२८ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा टोकियोको आकासाका दरबारमा द्विपक्षीय बैठकको क्रममा अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँग ताकाइची]] [[चित्र:Sanae_Takaichi_and_Le_Minh_Hung_20260502.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२ मे २०२६ मा हनोईमा भएको द्विपक्षीय बैठकको क्रममा भियतनामका प्रधानमन्त्री ले मिन्ह हङसँग ताकाइची]] ताकाचीले मलेसियाको क्वालालम्पुरमा भएको ४७ औं आसियान शिखर सम्मेलनमा आफ्नो कूटनीतिक सुरुवात गरेकी थिइन्, जहाँ उनले समुद्री, कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता र साइबर सुरक्षा क्षेत्रमा सहयोगलाई सुदृढ पार्न प्रयास गरिन्। उनले फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस जुनियर|बोङबोङ मार्कोस]], मलेसियाली प्रधानमन्त्री अनवर इब्राहिम र अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[एन्थोनी अल्बानिज|एन्थोनी अल्बानीज]]सँग द्विपक्षीय भेट -बैठक पनि गरिन्।<ref name="Takaichi makes diplomatic debut with ASEAN maritime security and AI pledge">{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/27/japan/politics/sanae-takaichi-asean-summit/|title=Takaichi makes diplomatic debut with ASEAN maritime security and AI pledge|last1=Johnson|first1=Jesse|date=27 October 2025|work=The Japan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040853/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/27/japan/politics/sanae-takaichi-asean-summit/|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Japan PM Takaichi meets Philippine President Marcos in Malaysia">{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251026_13/|title=Japan PM Takaichi meets Philippine President Marcos in Malaysia|work=NHK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040929/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251026_13/|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="New Japan Prime Minister Takaichi set for global diplomatic stage">{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251025_03/|title=New Japan Prime Minister Takaichi set for global diplomatic stage|work=NHK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025213619/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20251025_03/|archive-date=25 October 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="FOCUS: Japan's new PM Takaichi makes mark at ASEAN amid China concerns">{{cite news|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/63638|title=FOCUS: Japan's new PM Takaichi makes mark at ASEAN amid China concerns|date=28 October 2025|work=Japan Wire by KYODO NEWS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103040938/https://english.kyodonews.net/articles/-/63638|archive-date=3 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> आसियान बैठकको क्रममा, ताकाचीले आसियान+३ शिखर सम्मेलन, आसियान-जापान शिखर सम्मेलन, २० औं पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलन र दोस्रो आसियान विश्वव्यापी संवादमा पनि भाग लिए। ताकाचीले शिखर सम्मेलनका बाँकी कार्यक्रमहरू छोडे र भोलिपल्ट अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँग भेट्न टोकियो फर्किन्।<ref name="AsahiASEAN">{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16117458|title=Takaichi calls for closer maritime security ties with ASEAN members|last1=Ota|first1=Narumi|date=27 October 2025|access-date=28 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103041007/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16117458|archive-date=3 November 2025|agency=The Asahi Shimbun|url-status=live}}</ref>[[चित्र:20251031_Sanae_Takaichi_at_the_APEC_South_Korea_2025_(4).jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|३१ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा दक्षिण कोरिया २०२५ शिखर सम्मेलनमा जापानी प्रधानमन्त्री [[सानाए ताकाइची|साने ताकाइची]] र दक्षिण कोरिया [[ली जे म्युङ]]]] == राजनीतिक विचार == तकाइचीलाई कट्टरपन्थी रूढिवादी र जापानी राष्ट्रवादी विचारधारा राख्ने व्यक्तिको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ,,<ref name="The Japan Times" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pekkanen|first1=Robert J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQafEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|title=Japan Decides 2021: The Japanese General Election|last2=Reed|first2=Steven R.|last3=Smith|first3=Daniel M.|date=30 November 2022|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-11324-6|language=en|page=89|archive-date=7 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007104706/https://books.google.com/books?id=zQafEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dobson|first1=Hugo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laZJEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA119|title=Former Prime Ministers in Japan: Power, Influence and the Role of Informal Politics|last2=Narita|first2=Karin|last3=Rose|first3=Caroline|date=23 October 2025|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-5292-0683-8|language=en|page=119|archive-date=10 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010021248/https://books.google.com/books?id=laZJEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fujimura-Fanselow|first=Kumiko|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9niGW9cY7IC&pg=PT539|title=Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making a Difference|date=6 December 2018|publisher=The Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=978-1-55861-700-1|archive-date=10 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010021311/https://books.google.com/books?id=e9niGW9cY7IC&pg=PT539#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले पूर्व बेलायती प्रधानमन्त्री [[मार्गरेट थ्याचर]]लाई एक आदर्श व्यक्तिको<ref name=":3" /><ref name="Sanae Takaichi: Meet Japan's drum-playing, Thatcher-loving first female PM">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkj5e73xkmo|title=Sanae Takaichi: Meet Japan's drum-playing, Thatcher-loving first female PM|date=21 October 2025|work=[[BBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010011602/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkj5e73xkmo|archive-date=10 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Iron Lady">{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/09/25/japan/politics/focus-on-takaichipolitics/|title=Does Sanae Takaichi have a real shot at becoming Japan's first female leader?|date=25 September 2024|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=27 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925083655/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/09/25/japan/politics/focus-on-takaichipolitics/|archive-date=25 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> रूपमा उद्धृत गर्दै र उनको व्यक्तिगत राजनीतिक विश्वासमा गहिरो प्रभाव पारेकी छिन्।{{efn|Attributed to multiple sources<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2025 |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/09/26/takaichi-sanae-the-hardline-nationalist-who-may-soon-lead-japan |title=Takaichi Sanae, the hardline nationalist who may soon lead Japan |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=27 September 2025 |archive-date=2 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002042315/https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/09/26/takaichi-sanae-the-hardline-nationalist-who-may-soon-lead-japan |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 23 July 2025 |title= Japanese PM denies media reports of his resignation after bruising election loss |url= https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20250723-japanese-pm-set-to-resign-after-bruising-election-loss-local-media-reports |work= France 24 |access-date= 24 July 2025 |archive-date=24 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724054727/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20250723-japanese-pm-set-to-resign-after-bruising-election-loss-local-media-reports|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Inagaki |first= Kana |date= 8 September 2021 |title= Sanae Takaichi outlines bid to become Japan's first female prime minister |url= https://www.ft.com/content/4cb5f842-2fc6-4081-a453-e58eee3bf438 |work= Financial Times |location= Tokyo |access-date= 24 July 2025 |archive-date=8 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908122556/https://www.ft.com/content/4cb5f842-2fc6-4081-a453-e58eee3bf438|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McCurry |first=Justin |date=7 September 2025 |title=Japan PM Shigeru Ishiba to resign amid fallout from disastrous elections |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/07/japan-pm-shigeru-ishiba-resign |access-date=8 September 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=7 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907103525/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/07/japan-pm-shigeru-ishiba-resign |url-status=live}}</ref>}} थ्याचर जस्तै, उनलाई "आइरन लेडी" भनिन्छ।{{efn|Attributed to multiple sources<ref>{{cite web | last=Forbes| first=Moira| title=The World's Most Powerful Women 2025: Where Do Women Hold Real Power? | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moiraforbes/2025/12/10/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-2025-where-do-women-hold-real-power/ | website=[[Forbes]] | date=10 December 2025 | access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=The world's most powerful woman | url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2026/02/12/the-worlds-most-powerful-woman | newspaper=[[The Economist]] | date=12 February 2026 | access-date=18 February 2026|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Sanae Takaichi: Meet Japan's drum-playing, Thatcher-loving first female PM" /><ref name="Iron Lady" /><ref name=":9">{{cite news |date=24 September 2025 |title=Will 'Iron Lady' Takaichi Sanae Be Japan's First Female Prime Minister? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/09/will-iron-lady-takaichi-sanae-be-japans-first-female-prime-minister/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925040722/https://thediplomat.com/2025/09/will-iron-lady-takaichi-sanae-be-japans-first-female-prime-minister/ |archive-date=25 September 2025 |access-date=27 September 2025 |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite news |date=21 September 2021 |title=Japan's 'Iron Lady' Sanae Takaichi appeals to China hawks before LDP vote |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3149571/japans-iron-lady-sanae-takaichi-focuses-taiwan-us-appeal-china |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921112859/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3149571/japans-iron-lady-sanae-takaichi-focuses-taiwan-us-appeal-china |archive-date=21 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2025 |work=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref><ref name=":SanaeBBC">{{cite news |date=4 October 2025 |title=Who is Japan's 'Iron Lady' Sanae Takaichi? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkj5e73xkmo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004224105/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkj5e73xkmo |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=4 October 2025 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>}} तकाइची निप्पोन काइगीकी सदस्य हुन्, जुन एक अति-दक्षिणपन्थी अति-रूढिवादी संगठन हो<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-02/nippon-kaigi-and-the-rise-of-nationalism-in-japan/6994560|title=Ultra-nationalistic group trying to restore the might of the Japanese Empire|date=2 December 2015|work=ABC News AU|access-date=31 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203094658/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-02/nippon-kaigi-and-the-rise-of-nationalism-in-japan/6994560|archive-date=3 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sugimoto|first=Yoshio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cssDEAAAQBAJ&q=Japanese+nationalist+Nippon+Kaigi&pg=PA242|title=An Introduction to Japanese Society|date=12 November 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-72474-6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024001746/https://books.google.com/books?id=cssDEAAAQBAJ&q=Japanese+nationalist+Nippon+Kaigi&pg=PA242|archive-date=24 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> जसले अति-राष्ट्रवादी रेखाहरूमा जापानी इतिहासको पुनर्व्याख्याको लागि तर्क गर्छ।<ref name="The Conversation">{{cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/who-will-replace-yoshihide-suga-as-japans-prime-minister-heres-a-rundown-of-the-candidates-167355|title=Who will replace Yoshihide Suga as Japan's prime minister? Here's a rundown of the candidates|last=Mark|first=Craig|date=6 September 2021|work=The Conversation|access-date=24 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906035612/https://theconversation.com/who-will-replace-yoshihide-suga-as-japans-prime-minister-heres-a-rundown-of-the-candidates-167355|archive-date=6 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:जापानका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६१ मा जन्म]] pfswjkumuy6x4e25xlkzl44vnsa2dqp 0 150101 1368390 1365203 2026-08-04T00:06:35Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = शुभेन्दु अधिकारी | image = Suvendu Adhikari at Esplanade Metro Rail Station, Kolkata, 6 March 2024.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = सन् २०२४ मा अधिकारी | office = पश्चिम बंगालका ९औँ [[पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]] | governor = [[आर. एन. रवि]] | deputy = {{ubl|[[अग्निमित्रा पाल]] | [[दिलीप घोष]]}} | term_start = ९ मे २०२६ | term_end = | preceding = | preceded = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | succeeding = | successor = | office1 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभाका सदस्य]] | term_start1 = २० मे २०१६ | constituency1 = [[नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|नन्दीग्राम]] | predecessor1 = [[फिरोजा बीबी]] | term_start3 = ११ मे २००६ | term_end3 = १६ मे २००९ | constituency3 = [[काँथी दक्षिण विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|काँथी दक्षिण]] | predecessor3 = [[शिशिर अधिकारी]] | successor3 = [[दिब्येन्दु अधिकारी]] | constituency2 = [[भवानीपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|भवानीपुर]] | term_start2 = ४ मे २०२६ | predecessor2 = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | office4 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभामा विपक्षका नेता]] | governor4 = [[जगदीप धनखड]]<br/>[[ला. गणेशन]] ''(अतिरिक्त जिम्मेवारी)''<br/>[[सी. वी. आनन्द बोस]]<br/>[[आर. एन. रवि]] | deputy4 = [[मिहिर गोस्वामी]] | predecessor4 = [[अब्दुल मन्नान]] | term_start4 = १३ मे २०२१ | term_end4 = ९ मे २०२६ | office5 = [[जुट कर्पोरेशन अफ इन्डिया]]का अध्यक्ष | 1blankname5 = [[कपडा मन्त्रालय|केन्द्रीय कपडा मन्त्री]] | 1namedata5 = [[स्मृति इरानी]] | predecessor5 = अजय कुमार जोली | term_start5 = ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२०<ref>{{Cite news|last=Podder|first=Debasish|date=31 December 2020|title=জুট কর্পোরেশন অফ ইন্ডিয়ার চেয়ারম্যান হচ্ছেন শুভেন্দু অধিকারী, নতুন বছরেই নিয়োগ|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231131434/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2020|access-date=31 December 2020|work=Hindustan Times|language=bn}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231131434/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html |date=31 December 2020 }}</ref> | term_end5 = २ मार्च २०२१<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP leader Suvendu Adhikari likely to step down as Chairperson of Jute Corporation of India |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bjp-leader-suvendu-adhikari-likely-to-step-down-as-chairperson-of-jute-corporation-of-india20210302170152/ |work=ANI News |date=2 March 2021 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> | office6 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]का [[दोस्रो बनर्जी मन्त्रालय|वातावरण मन्त्री]] | term_start6 = २०१८ | term_end6 = २०२० | 1blankname6 = मुख्यमन्त्री | 1namedata6 = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | predecessor6 = [[सोवन चट्टोपाध्याय]] | successor6 = [[ममता बनर्जी]]<ref name="r"/> | office7 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]का [[यातायात विभाग (पश्चिम बंगाल)|यातायात मन्त्री]] | term_start7 = २७ मे २०१६ | term_end7 = २७ नोभेम्बर २०२० | 1blankname7 = मुख्यमन्त्री | 1namedata7 = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | predecessor7 = [[अरूप विश्वास]] | successor7 = [[फिरहाद हाकिम]]<ref name="r">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-to-keep-transport-portfolio-following-suvendu-adhikaris-resignation-2331328|title=CM Banerjee to retain transport portfolio following Suvendu Adhikari's resignation|newspaper=[[NDTV]]|date=28 November 2020}}</ref> | office8 = [[लोकसभा]]का सांसद | term_start8 = १६ मे २००९ | term_end8 = २० मे २०१६ | constituency8 = [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक, पश्चिम बंगाल]] | predecessor8 = [[लक्ष्मण चन्द्र सेठ]] | successor8 = [[दिब्येन्दु अधिकारी]] | birth_place = कारकुली, [[पूर्व मेदिनीपुर]], [[पश्चिम बंगाल]], भारत | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|12|15|df=y}} | spouse = | party = [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] {{small|(२०२० देखि)}} | alma_mater = [[रवीन्द्र भारती विश्वविद्यालय]]<ref>{{cite news |title= Suvendu Adhikar's Affidavit 2026 |url= https://suvidha.eci.gov.in/ac/public/uploads2/acaffidavit/E32/2026/AC/S25/210/S25_10940_3519_202604060137411775462861.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ([[Master of Arts|एम.ए.]]) | profession = [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | father = [[शिशिर अधिकारी]] | mother = [[गायत्री अधिकारी]] | relatives = [[दिब्येन्दु अधिकारी]] (भाइ) <br/> [[सौमेन्दु अधिकारी]] (भाइ) | website = | footnotes = | other_party = * [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] {{small|(१९९५–२०००)}} * [[तृणमूल कांग्रेस]] {{small|(२०००–२०२०)}} }} '''शुभेन्दु अधिकारी''' ({{IPA|bn|ʃubʱendu ɔdʱikari}}; जन्म १५ डिसेम्बर १९७०) एक भारतीय राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्, जसले ९ मे २०२६ देखि पश्चिम बंगालका ९औँ [[पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]]का रूपमा कार्यभार सम्हाल्नेछन्। उनले ९ मे २०२६ सम्म [[विपक्षी नेता|विपक्ष नेता]] तथा [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी – पश्चिम बंगाल|पश्चिम बंगाल इकाइ]]का [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]का नेताका रूपमा पनि कार्य गरेका थिए। अधिकारीले यसअघि सन् २०१६ देखि २०२० सम्म [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]को राज्य मन्त्रिपरिषद्मा काम गरेका थिए। उनी सन् २०१६ र २०२१ मा [[नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|नन्दीग्राम]]बाट [[विधानसभाका सदस्य]] (एमएलए) निर्वाचित भएका थिए तथा हाल २०२६ देखि [[भवानीपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|भवानीपुर]]बाट निर्वाचित छन्। यसअघि उनी सन् २००५ मा [[काँथी दक्षिण]]बाट तथा सन् २००९ र २०१४ मा [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक]]बाट [[लोकसभा]] सदस्य (सांसद) निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref name=HT_1/> उनी यसअघि सन् २०१६ देखि २०२० सम्म [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]मा यातायात मन्त्री तथा सन् २०१८ देखि २०२० सम्म सिंचाइ तथा जलस्रोत मन्त्रीका रूपमा कार्यरत थिए। उनी सन् २००९ देखि २०१६ सम्म [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक]]बाट [[लोकसभा]] सदस्य तथा सन् २०२० देखि २०२१ सम्म [[जुट कर्पोरेशन अफ इन्डिया]]का अध्यक्ष पनि थिए। उनी सन् १९९८ देखि २०२० सम्म [[तृणमूल कांग्रेस]] तथा सन् १९९५ देखि १९९८ सम्म [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]]का सदस्य थिए। उनी [[शिशिर अधिकारी]]का छोरा हुन्, जो सांसद तथा [[मनमोहन सिंह सरकार]]मा ग्रामीण विकास राज्यमन्त्री रहिसकेका राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Ravik |title=Had no work, say former TMC ministers in UPA govt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/had-no-work-say-former-tmc-ministers-in-upa-govt/story-u42OCyo4PuSXfNtPwjP3hO.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | title = Suvendu Adhikari -Profile | access-date = 20 June 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | archive-date = 29 October 2010 | df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 |date=29 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|access-date=2 May 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=OneIndia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627210242/https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/ |date=27 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE - Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now|access-date=29 May 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612225129/https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021 |date=12 June 2021 }}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन तथा शिक्षा == अधिकारीको जन्म १५ डिसेम्बर १९७० मा [[बंगाली ब्राह्मण]] परिवारमा<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Snigdhendu |date=13 March 2021 |title=At Nandigram, Site of Historic Land Movement, a Battle to See Who the 'Real' Brahmin Is |url=https://thewire.in/politics/at-nandigram-site-of-historic-land-movement-a-battle-to-see-who-the-real-brahmin-is |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313030537/https://thewire.in/politics/at-nandigram-site-of-historic-land-movement-a-battle-to-see-who-the-real-brahmin-is |archive-date=13 March 2021 |work=The Wire |access-date=8 May 2026 |quote=I am a Brahmin’s son. I do the chandipath every day.}}</ref> [[पश्चिम बंगाल]]को [[पूर्व मेदिनीपुर जिल्ला]]स्थित कारकुलीमा [[शिशिर अधिकारी]] र गायत्री अधिकारीका सन्तानका रूपमा भएको थियो। शिशिर अधिकारी एक राजनीतिज्ञ तथा [[दोस्रो मनमोहन सिंह मन्त्रालय]]मा पूर्व [[राज्यमन्त्री]] हुन् र उनी सन् २०१९ मा [[काँथी लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|काँथी निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]]बाट [[लोकसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref name="LS">{{cite web |title=Adhikari, Shri Suvendu |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/4501 |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="AN">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Kajari |date=31 March 2018 |title=Nandigram: Trinamool's stronghold, one family's stranglehold |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/west-bengal-polls-nandigram-subhendu-adhikari |work=Asianet Newsable |access-date=11 May 2025}}</ref> अधिकारी अविवाहित छन्।<ref>{{cite news |title=ভাইরা বিয়ে করলেও অকৃতদার তিনি, জানুন কেমন শুভেন্দুর সংসার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-elections/story/former-wb-minister-suvendu-adhikary-explained-why-he-unmarried-255166-2020-12-16 |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |date=16 December 2020 |language=bn}}</ref> अधिकारीले सन् २०११ मा [[रवीन्द्र भारती विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट [[Master of Arts|स्नातकोत्तर (एम.ए.)]] उपाधि प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Suvendu Adhikar's Affidavit 2026 |url=https://suvidha.eci.gov.in/ac/public/uploads2/acaffidavit/E32/2026/AC/S25/210/S25_10940_3519_202604060137411775462861.pdf |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 April 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == राजनीतिक जीवन == === प्रारम्भिक राजनीति === अधिकारी पहिलो पटक सन् १९९५ मा [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]]बाट [[काँथी]] नगरपालिकाका पार्षदका रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|title=The importance of being Suvendu Adhikari: Why the TMC strongman is miffed with the party leadership|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/the-importance-of-being-suvendu-adhikari-why-the-tmc-strongman-is-miffed-with-the-party-leadership/684054|access-date=17 December 2020|work=Times Now|date=19 November 2020}}</ref> सन् २००६ मा अधिकारी [[काँथी दक्षिण]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट [[पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सोही वर्ष उनी काँथी नगरपालिकाका अध्यक्ष पनि बनेका थिए।<ref name="LS"/> === नन्दीग्राम आन्दोलन तथा तृणमूल कांग्रेसभित्र उदय === सन् २००७ मा अधिकारीले [[नन्दीग्राम]]मा भूमि अधिग्रहणविरुद्धको आन्दोलनको नेतृत्व गरेका थिए। उनले [[भूमि उच्छेद प्रतिरोध समिति]]को नेतृत्व गरेका थिए। पश्चिम बंगालको सत्तारुढ [[वाम मोर्चा (पश्चिम बंगाल)|वाम मोर्चा]] सरकारले विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र स्थापना गर्न गाउँमा १०,००० एकड जमिन अधिग्रहण गर्ने योजना बनाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Arindam |title=Mamata promises to marry off raped girls of Nandigram |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/mamata-promises-to-marry-off-raped-girls-of-nandigram/story-umlmKryBUWdkP6re98mV2L.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=26 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="ET">{{cite news |title=Trinamool Congress confident of victory in Nandigram |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/trinamool-congress-confident-of-victory-in-nandigram/articleshow/52103488.cms?from=mdr |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="HT">{{cite news |title=From Nandigram to Murshidabad - Suvendu Adhikari is Mamata Banerjee's all weather man |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/from-nandigram-to-murshidabad-suvendu-adhikari-is-mamata-banerjee-s-all-weather-man/story-kNqePhKEQzC9SE9BpPs34M.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=26 August 2019}}</ref> यस आन्दोलनले [[ममता बनर्जी]]लाई बंगाली राजनीतिमा केन्द्रिय व्यक्तित्वका रूपमा स्थापित गरायो।<ref name="HT"/> राज्यको [[अपराध अनुसन्धान विभाग (भारत)|सीआईडी]]ले अधिकारीमाथि राज्य सरकारविरुद्ध सशस्त्र आन्दोलन सञ्चालन गर्न माओवादीहरूलाई हतियार उपलब्ध गराएको आरोप लगाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Roy |first1=Anirban |title=CID to question Trinamool's Adhikari on Maoist links |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/cid-to-question-trinamools-adhikari-on-maoist-links-78841-2010-07-17 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=17 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Trinamool MP accused of supplying ammo to Naxalites |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/trinamool-mp-accused-of-supplying-ammo-to-naxalites-78780-2010-07-16 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=16 July 2010}}</ref> नन्दीग्राममा अधिकारीको सफलतापछि बनर्जीले उनलाई [[जंगलमहल]] अर्थात् [[पश्चिम मेदिनीपुर जिल्ला|पश्चिम मेदिनीपुर]], [[पुरुलिया जिल्ला|पुरुलिया]] तथा [[बाँकुरा जिल्ला|बाँकुरा]] जिल्लाको पार्टी पर्यवेक्षक (प्रभारी) नियुक्त गरेकी थिइन्। उनले यी जिल्लाहरूमा पार्टीको आधार विस्तार गर्न सफलता प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref name="HT"/> सन् २००९ मा उनी [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]]बाट [[लोकसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=In Contai, it's family first for Trinamool's Sisir Adhikary |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/in-contai-it-s-family-first-for-trinamool-s-sisir-adhikary/537544/ |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> उनले आफ्ना निकटतम प्रतिद्वन्द्वी [[भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी)]]का [[लक्ष्मण सेठ]]लाई करिब १ लाख ७३ हजार मतान्तरले पराजित गरेका थिए।<ref name="SA">{{cite web |date=17 May 2009 |title=Nandigram swings two seats in East Midnapore in Trinamool's favour |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nandigram-swings-two-seats-in-east-midnapore/461025/ |access-date=30 July 2009 |publisher=Indian Express 17 May 2009}}</ref> [[२०१६ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा अधिकारीलाई नन्दीग्राम निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा वाम मोर्चा–[[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] गठबन्धनका अब्दुल कादिर शेखविरुद्ध उम्मेदवार बनाइएको थियो।<ref name="ET"/> निर्वाचित भएपछि उनले तमलुक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट सांसद पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Dibyendu Adhikari to contest from Tamluk parliament constituency |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dibyendu-adhikari-tamluk-parliament-constituency-tmc-mamata-banerjee-347066-2016-10-17 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=30 April 2019 |date=17 October 2016}}</ref> उनलाई २७ मे २०१६ मा [[दोस्रो ममता बनर्जी मन्त्रालय]]मा यातायात मन्त्रीका रूपमा शपथ गराइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=List of Ministers in Mamata's cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/list-of-ministers-in-mamatas-cabinet/article8654872.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 April 2019 |date=27 May 2016}}</ref> === भारतीय जनता पार्टीमा प्रवेश तथा २०२१ निर्वाचन === अधिकारीले २६ नोभेम्बर २०२० मा [[हुग्ली रिभर ब्रिज कमिसन]] (एचआरबीसी) को अध्यक्ष पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए, जुन [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]अन्तर्गतको एक वैधानिक निकाय हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-mla-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-transport-irrigation-minister-1744603-2020-11-27 |title=TMC's Suvendu Adhikari steps down as Bengal minister a day after resigning as Hooghly commission chairman |publisher=India Today |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> उनले २७ नोभेम्बर २०२० मा पश्चिम बंगालका यातायात मन्त्री पदबाट पनि राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/west-bengal-tmc-rebel-leader-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-transport-minister-in-mamata-govt/687503 |title=West Bengal: TMC rebel leader Suvendu Adhikari resigns as Transport Minister from Mamata govt |publisher=Times Now |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> उनले १६ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा अध्यक्षसमक्ष विधायक पदबाट राजीनामा पेश गरेका थिए, तर प्राविधिक कारण देखाउँदै प्रारम्भमा उक्त राजीनामा स्वीकृत गरिएको थिएन। पछि २१ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा उनको राजीनामा स्वीकृत गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanyal |first=Anindita |date=16 December 2020 |title=Trinamool's Suvendu Adhikari Quits As MLA Amid Reports He Will Join BJP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/trinamool-dissident-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-mla-amid-reports-he-will-switch-to-bjp-2339450 |work=NDTV |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> १७ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा उनले अखिल भारतीय तृणमूल कांग्रेसको प्राथमिक सदस्यताबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Didi aide Suvendu Adhikari exits TMC, sparks a spate of resignations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/didi-aide-suvendu-adhikari-exits-tmc-sparks-a-spate-of-resignations/articleshow/79787773.cms |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Phadikar |first=Anshuman |date=6 July 2021 |title= Suvendu Adhikari meets victims of post-poll violence in East Midnapore |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/suvendu-adhikari-meets-victims-of-post-poll-violence-in-east-midnapore/cid/1821357 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref> १९ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा उनले गृहमन्त्री [[अमित शाह]]को उपस्थितिमा [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]मा प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=অমিত শাহের হাত ধরে বিজেপিতে যোগদান করলেন শুভেন্দু অধিকারী সহ ৯ জন বিধায়ক |url=https://banglahunt.com/subhendu-join-bjp-with-9-mla/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Bangla Hunt |date=19 December 2020 |language=bn }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/suvendu-adhikari-joins-bjp-in-presence-of-amit-shah-1751135-2020-12-19 |title=Suvendu Adhikari ends all speculation, joins BJP, delivers jolt to Mamata and TMC |access-date=29 May 2022 |magazine=India Today |date=19 December 2022}}</ref> अधिकारीको दल परिवर्तनको मुख्य कारण ममता बनर्जीका भतिजा [[अभिषेक बनर्जी (राजनीतिज्ञ)|अभिषेक बनर्जी]]सँगको प्रतिद्वन्द्विता रहेको बताइएको थियो, जसलाई बनर्जीको राजनीतिक उत्तराधिकारीका रूपमा अघि बढाइँदै थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |title=কেউ দল ছেড়েছেন, দলে গুরুত্ব হারিয়েছেন কেউ কেউ! মমতার দাপুটে ‘মিডল অর্ডার’ ভেঙে পড়ল কি অভিষেকের উত্থানে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/how-mamata-banerjees-core-team-weakened-after-abhishek-banerjees-rise-in-tmc-dgtl/cid/1684845 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref> उनले [[२०२१ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा [[नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा क्षेत्र]]बाट तत्कालीन पश्चिम बंगालकी मुख्यमन्त्री [[ममता बनर्जी]]लाई १,९५६ मतले पराजित गरेका थिए। ममता बनर्जीले नन्दीग्राम निर्वाचनको नतिजाविरुद्ध [[कलकत्ता उच्च न्यायालय]]मा निर्वाचन याचिका दायर गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name=HT_1>{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Karan |title= |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-challenges-suvendu-adhikari-s-nandigram-win-in-calcutta-hc-101623948924307.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> १० मे २०२१ मा केन्द्रीय मन्त्री [[रवि शंकर प्रसाद]]ले पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभामा भारतीय जनता पार्टीको विधायक दलको नेताका रूपमा शुभेन्दु अधिकारीको नाम घोषणा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Suvendu Adhikari Elected Opposition Leader In West Bengal Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suvendu-adhikari-elected-opposition-leader-in-west-bengal-assembly-2438995 |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=10 May 2021}}</ref> === २०२६ निर्वाचन === [[२०२६ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा शुभेन्दु अधिकारीले एकैसाथ नन्दीग्राम तथा [[भवानीपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|भवानीपुर]]—जुन तत्कालीन मुख्यमन्त्री [[ममता बनर्जी]]को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र थियो—बाट उम्मेदवारी दिएका थिए र दुवै क्षेत्रमा उल्लेखनीय मतान्तरले विजयी भएका थिए। कुनै कार्यरत मुख्यमन्त्रीलाई दुई निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट चुनाव लड्ने उम्मेदवारले उनको आफ्नै क्षेत्रमा पराजित गरेको अन्तिम घटना [[१९६७ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा भएको थियो, जब [[बंगला कांग्रेस]]का [[अजोय मुखर्जी]]ले कांग्रेसका तत्कालीन मुख्यमन्त्री [[प्रफुल्ल चन्द्र सेन]]लाई उनको [[आरामबाग विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|आरामबाग]] क्षेत्रमा पराजित गर्दै आफ्नो [[तमलुक विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक]] क्षेत्र पनि कायम राखेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=রাজনৈতিক সন্ন্যাস হয়ে গেল মমতার’! ভবানীপুরে জিতে শুভেন্দু অধিকারী বললেন, ‘এই জয় হিন্দুত্বের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/bjp-leader-suvendu-adhikari-slams-tmc-leader-mamata-banerjee-after-defeated-her-in-bhabanipur-assembly-constituency-dgtl/cid/1684877 |website=Anandabazar Patrika}}</ref> २०२६ को निर्वाचनमा विजय हासिल गरेपछि शुभेन्दु अधिकारीले आफूलाई मुख्यतः [[हिन्दू]], [[बौद्ध]], [[जैन धर्मावलम्बी|जैन]] तथा [[सिख]] मतदाताहरूबाट समर्थन प्राप्त भएको, तर [[मुस्लिम]] मतदाताहरूको समर्थन विपक्षतर्फ गएको बताएका थिए। उनले यसबाट धार्मिक आधारमा मतदान भएको संकेत गरेको टिप्पणी गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Tirtho |date=5 May 2026 |title=‘Muslim voters openly…’: What Suvendu Adhikari said after defeating Mamata |url=https://www.news9live.com/elections/assembly/muslim-voters-openly-what-suvendu-adhikari-said-after-defeating-mamata-2968328 |access-date=8 May 2026 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref> ६ मे २०२६ को राति मोटरसाइकलमा आएका आक्रमणकारीहरूले शुभेन्दु अधिकारीका व्यक्तिगत सहायक [[चन्द्रनाथ रथ]]माथि गोली प्रहार गरी हत्या गरेका थिए।<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8pjz7dv7ro</ref> ८ मे २०२६ मा केन्द्रीय पर्यवेक्षक [[अमित शाह]]को उपस्थितिमा उनलाई पश्चिम बंगालमा भारतीय जनता पार्टीको विधायक दलको नेताका रूपमा चयन गरिएको थियो। उनले ९ मे २०२६ मा पश्चिम बंगालका ९औँ [[पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]]का रूपमा शपथ लिने कार्यक्रम तय गरिएको थियो, जससँगै उनी उक्त पद सम्हाल्ने [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]का पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री बन्नेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2026 |title=BJP elects legislative party leader in West Bengal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-west-bengal-legislative-party-meeting-2026-0000000/ |work=The Indian Express }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2026 |title=West Bengal to get first BJP Chief Minister on May 9 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/west-bengal-bjp-chief-minister-swearing-in/article000000.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> == पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री (२०२६–हालसम्म) == उनी ९ मे २०२६ मा [[कोलकाता]]स्थित [[ब्रिगेड परेड मैदान]]मा मुख्यमन्त्री पदको शपथ लिने कार्यक्रम तय गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2026 |title=West Bengal government formation LIVE: Suvendu Adhikari elected new CM of Bengal, to take oath on May 9 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/west-bengal-government-formation-live-updates-new-cm-to-be-elected-suvendu-adhikari-aide-death-sparks-unrest/article70954007.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ == == बाह्य कडिहरू == {{Commons category}} {{Portal bar|जीवनी|राजनीति|भारत}} {{DEFAULTSORT:अधिकारी, शुभेन्दु}} sd02i4683who154dh32gkubxu4wjw9j 4 150705 1368375 1365145 2026-08-03T16:31:47Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event | name = विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६ | native_name = | logo = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|300px]] | logo_caption = विकी विमिनको लोगो | image = | imagesize = | caption = | date = | begins = जुलाई ०५, २०२६ | ends = जुलाई ३१, २०२६ | prev = | frequency = | location = | years_active = | first = [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६| विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६]] | last = [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] | participants = विश्वभरका विभिन्न भाषीहरू | attendance = | genre = एडिटाथन | budget = | patron = [[प्रयोगकर्ता:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज कुमार ढकाल]] | co-ordinator = [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nabin K. Sapkota|नविन सापकोटा]] | organised = [[विकिपिडियन|नेपाली विकिपिडियन]] | website = | footnotes = '''नारा''': ''"महिला स्वास्थ्य तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"'' }} '''विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६''' विकिपिडिया र विकिपिडियाका भातृ परियोजनामा समर्पित सम्पूर्ण नेपालीभाषी योगदानकर्ताहरूले स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक सहभागिता जनाउन सक्ने विकिमिडिया समुदाय नेपालद्वारा आयोजित नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित प्रतियोगिता हो। यस अघि नारी दिवसको अवसर पारेर विकिमिडिया समुदाय नेपालले यस कार्यक्रमको आयोजना गरेको थियो। ==संयोजन समूह== # [[User:Nabin K. Sapkota|नविन सापकोटा]]- '''कार्यक्रम संयोजक''' # [[User:Nirmal Dulal|निर्मल दुलाल]]- '''तालिम संयोजक''' # डा. सबिना खड्का - '''महिला स्वास्थ विज्ञ''' # [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Sonika Aryal|सोनीका अर्याल]] - '''मिडिया संयोजक''' == नारा == '''"महिला स्वास्थ्य तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' == उद्देश्य == * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महिला स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी लेखहरू वृद्धि गर्नु, * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महिला सहभागिता बढाउनु, * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महिला सम्बन्धी लेखहरू वृद्धि गर्नु, * नेपाली विकिपिडियाको स्तर अभिवृद्धि गर्नु, * नेपाली विकिपिडियाको नेपालीभाषी माझ रहेको पहुँचलाई बढाउनु, * विज्ञान प्रविधिको यस युगमा विकिपिडियालाई नयाँ ज्ञान र पठनपाठनको स्रोत बनाउनको लागि सामाजिक सोचको विकास गराउनु, * ज्ञान अभिबृद्धिको कार्यलाई हर्षोल्लास या मनोरञ्जनात्मक तरिकाले सम्पन्न गराउनु। == कसरी सहभागी हुने == ;सहभागी हुन निम्न कुराहरूमा तयार रहनुहोस् : ''सर्वप्रथम नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गएर आफ्नो [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=विशेष:CreateAccount&returnto=मुख्य+पृष्ठ खाता खोल्नुहोस] वा पहिला नै खाता खोलिसकेको भए [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=विशेष:UserLogin&returnto=मुख्य+पृष्ठ प्रवेश गरेर] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' गएर आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नुहोस् : दर्ता गर्न सम्पादनमा क्लिक गरेर अन्तिम हरफमा <nowiki> # ~~~~ </nowiki>राख्नुहोस । विकिपिडिया कसरी {{plainlink|https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87 सम्पादन}} गर्ने भन्ने जानकारी लिइराख्नुहोस् । ==कुन लेखहरू बनाउने वा सुधार गर्ने?== [[File:Wiki Women-Edit-a-thon 2015.gif|90px|right]] * '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६/निर्माण तथा सम्पादन गर्ने पृष्ठहरूको सूची|निर्माण तथा सम्पादन गर्ने पृष्ठहरूको सूची]]''' <center><span style=background:green;><font color="yellow">'''साथै यस बाहेकका पनि महिला सम्बन्धित शीर्षकमा लेख बनाउन सकिनेछ।</font>'''</span></center> लेख बनाइसकेपछि वा सुधार गरेपछि यसलाई [https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026/add फाउन्टेन उपकरण]मा जोड्नुपर्नेछ र लेख स्वीकृत भएमा प्रति लेख १ अङ्क प्राप्त हुनेछ। ==विकी विमिन एडिटाथनमा के गरिन्छ?== * धेरैजना मानिसहरू एक ठाउँमा जम्मा भएर विकिपिडियामा लेखहरू लेखिन्छन् र तिनलाई सम्पादन गरिन्छ। * लेख कसरी लेख्ने वा कसरी प्रस्तुतीकरण गर्ने भन्ने बारेमा सीप सिकाइन्छ। * लेखहरूको स्तरीकरण गरिन्छ। * तोकिएको स्थानमा उपस्थित हुन नसक्ने व्यक्तिहरूले आफू बसेकै ठाउँबाट अनलाइन योगदान गर्न सक्नेछन्। ==योगदानको खाका== * जुलाई ०५ , २०२६- जुलाई ३१ , २०२६ सम्म सबै महिला तथा पुरुष योगदानकर्ताले आ-आफ्नो ठाउँबाट विकिपिडियाका विभिन्न लेखहरूमा योगदान गर्ने। (नयाँ लेख लेख्ने तथा पुराना लेखहरूमा सामग्री थप गर्ने वा परिमार्जन गरि सुधार गर्ने।) * प्रतियोगिता अवधि भर जुलाई ०५ , २०२६- जुलाई ३१ , २०२६)मा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू निर्माण तथा सम्पादन गर्ने योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई पुरस्कृत गरिनेछ। * लेख निर्माण गर्दा लेखमा इन्फोबक्स, स्रोत सामग्री र बाह्य कडी राख्नुका साथै लेखमा कम्तीमा १५० शब्द र ३,००० बाइट हुनु अनिवार्य छ। अझ बढी जानकारीको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]] हेर्नुहोला। * कुनै लेख सम्पादन गर्दा प्रतिसम्पादनमा १५० शब्द राख्नु पर्नेछ। * यस प्रतियोगिता अन्तर्गत बनाइएका वा सुधार गरिएका लेखहरू यस प्रतियोगिताको तदर्थ समितिका सदस्यले जाँच गरी तथ्याङ्कमा जोड्नेछन्। * विकिपिडियाका सम्पूर्ण नियमहरूको पालना भएको हुनुपर्ने छ। ==पुरस्कार== * यस कार्यक्रममा भाग लिइ योगदान दिने उत्कृष्ट तीन योगदानकर्ताहरू प्रथम, द्वितीय र तृतीयलाई क्रमशः आकर्षक पुरस्कारको व्यवस्था गरिएको छ। * यस कार्यक्रममा सहभागी सबै योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई कदर-पत्र प्रदान गरिनेछ । ==विजेताहरू== [[Image:BKV m 1 jms.svg|22px]]</br> [[Image:BKV m 2 jms.svg|22px]]</br> [[Image:BKV m 3 jms.svg|22px]]</br> * कृपया विजेताले पुरस्कारको लागि र सम्पूर्ण सहभागीले सहभागिताको प्रमापत्रको लागि कार्यक्रम संयोजक सँग शीघ्र सम्पर्क गर्नुहोला । ==जानकारीका लागि== {| align=center style="font-family:Optima, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; background:transparent" | <center>[[File:Instagram logo 2016.svg|60px|link=https://www.instagram.com/wiki_women]]</center> |width=25%|<center>[[चित्र:Twitter X.png|60px|link=https://x.com/wikiwomenedit]]</center> |width=25%|<center>[[File:Facebook logo (square).png|60px|link=https://www.facebook.com/Wiki-Women-Edit-a-thon-470071126517891]]</center> |- |<center>'''[https://www.instagram.com/wiki_women इन्स्टाग्राम]'''</center><br /> |<center>'''[https://x.com/wikiwomenedit एक्स]'''</center><br /> |<center>'''[https://www.facebook.com/Wiki-Women-Edit-a-thon-470071126517891 फेसबुक]''' </center><br /> |- |} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६]] el32dl1at2ya0isj4f4nqhe6xkur3j9 0 150723 1368389 1365202 2026-08-03T23:04:13Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|एउटा यस्तो खालको अभ्यास जसमा एक पुरुषले आफूले विवाह गर्न चाहेकी महिलालाई अपहरण गर्छ}} {{महिला विरुद्धका हिंसाहरू}} [[चित्र:Evariste-Vital Luminais - Pirates normands au IXe siècle.jpg|alt=|thumb|313x313px|नवौँ शताब्दीमा [[भाइकिङ]]हरूले महिलालाई अपहरण गरिरहेको चित्रण। भाइकिङ पुरुषहरू प्रायः विदेशी महिलाहरूलाई उनीहरूले लूटपाट गरेका भूमिबाट [[विवाह]] वा [[उपपत्नीत्व]]को लागि अपहरण गर्थे। १९औँ शताब्दीमा फ्रान्सेली चित्रकार [[एभारिस्त-भिताल लुमिने]]द्वारा चित्रित।]] [[File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 083.png|thumb|right|[[बेन्जामिनका गोत्र|बेन्जामिनीहरू]]ले सिलोहबाट पत्नीहरू खोसेको यो सन् १८६० को काठको कुँदिएको चित्र। [[गिबियाको युद्ध]]मा ठूलो क्षति पछि विवाहको लागि पर्याप्त महिला उपलब्ध थिएनन्।]] '''वधू अपहरण''' जसलाई '''अपहरणद्वारा विवाह''' वा '''कब्जाद्वारा विवाह''' पनि भनिन्छ, एक अभ्यास हो जसमा एक पुरुष वा केटाले आफूले विवाह गर्न चाहेकी महिला वा केटीलाई [[अपहरण]] गर्ने गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/out-of-eden-walk/articles/2017-06-captured-hearts/|title=Captured Hearts|website=www.nationalgeographic.org|access-date=25 July 2019}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712111332/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/out-of-eden-walk/articles/2017-06-captured-hearts/ |date=12 July 2019 }}</ref> वधू अपहरण दक्षिणपूर्व एसियाका [[ह्मोङ जाति|ह्मोङ]], मेक्सिकोका [[त्जेल्तल जाति|त्जेल्तल]] र युरोपका [[रोमानी जाति|रोमानी]] जस्ता विविध जातिहरू सहित<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/bridenapping-ndash-a-growing-hidden-crime-2367811.html|title='Bridenapping': a growing hidden crime|date=9 October 2011|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>) विश्वभर र प्रागैतिहासिक कालदेखि इतिहासभरि अभ्यास गरिएको एक प्रमुख अपहरण विधि हो। वधू अपहरण अझै पनि विश्वका विभिन्न भागहरूमा यथावत् रहेकोमा यो [[काकेसस]], [[मध्य एसिया]], [[अमेजन वर्षावन]] र [[अफ्रिका]]का केही भागहरूमा सबैभन्दा सामान्य छ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-37256574|title=Police swoop on fake 'bride kidnapping'|date=2 September 2016|access-date=25 July 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/sep/28/kidnapped-and-forced-to-marry-their-rapist-ending-courtship-in-uganda|title=Kidnapped and forced to marry their rapist ending courtship in Uganda|date=28 September 2023|access-date=25 January 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/kidnapped-raped-married-the-extraordinary-rebellion-of-ethiopia-s-abducted-wives-1922263.html|title=Kidnapped, raped married. The extraordinary rebellion of Ethiopia's abducted wives|date=17 March 2010|access-date=25 January 2024|language=en}}</ref> अधिकांश राष्ट्रहरूमा वधू अपहरणलाई [[यौन अपराध]] मानिन्छ किनभने यसमा विवाहको [[विवाहका प्रकारहरू|वैध रूप]]को सट्टा बलात्कारको अन्तर्निहित तत्व हुन्छ। यसका केही प्रकारहरूलाई [[जबरजस्ती विवाह]] र [[सम्झौतामूलक विवाह]] बीचको निरन्तरतामा पनि हेर्न सकिन्छ। यो शब्द कहिलेकाहीँ [[भागेर विवाह]]सँग भ्रमित हुन्छ, जसमा एक जोडीसँगै भाग्छन् र पछि आफ्ना अभिभावकको सहमति खोज्छन्। सामान्यतया आफ्नो वा आफ्ना आमाबाबुको सम्मान बचाउनको प्रयासमा महिलाले केही अवस्थामा अपहरणमा सहयोग गर्छन् वा सहमति जनाउँछन्। धेरै न्यायक्षेत्रहरूमा, यसलाई तथाकथित [[आफ्नो बलात्कारीसँग विवाह गर्ने कानून]]द्वारा प्रोत्साहित गरिन्थ्यो। जुन देशहरूमा यो अभ्यास कानून विपरीत भए पनि, यदि न्यायिक कार्यान्वयन कमजोर छ भने, [[प्रथागत कानून]] ("परम्परागत अभ्यासहरू") प्रचलित हुन सक्छ। वधू अपहरण प्रायः (तर सधैँ होइन) [[बाल विवाह]]को एक रूप हो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kyrgyzstan-women-bride-kidnapping-idUSKBN1AH5GI|title=One in five girls and women kidnapped for marriage in Kyrgyzstan:...|date=1 August 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=25 July 2019|language=en}}</ref> यो [[वधू मूल्य]]को अभ्याससँग जोडिएको हुनसक्छ, जुन वर र उसको परिवारद्वारा वधूका आमाबाबुलाई तिर्ने धन हो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/30/world/asia/abduction-often-violent-a-kyrgyz-wedding-rite.html|title=Abduction, Often Violent, a Kyrgyz Wedding Rite|last=Smith|first=Craig S.|date=30 April 2005|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} </ref> वधू अपहरणलाई ''[[राक्तियो]]'' (बलात्कार) बाट छुट्याइन्छ किनभने पूर्वले एक पुरुषद्वारा (र उसका साथी र नातेदारहरू) एक महिला वा केटीको अपहरणलाई जनाउँछ र यो अझै पनि व्यापक अभ्यास हो जबकि पछिल्लोले युद्धको समयमा पुरुषहरूको समूहद्वारा महिलाहरूको ठूलो मात्रामा अपहरणलाई जनाउँछ। ''राक्तियो'' ऐतिहासिक अभ्यास मानिन्थ्यो तर २१औँ शताब्दीले [[युद्धकालीन बलात्कार]]को पुनरुत्थान देखेको छ जसका केही तत्वहरू वधू अपहरणसँग मिल्दोजुल्दो छन्; उदाहरणका लागि, नाइजेरियामा [[बोको हराम]], युगान्डामा [[प्रभुको प्रतिरोधी सेना]] र मध्य पूर्वमा [[इस्लामी राज्य]]द्वारा अपहरण गरिएका महिला र केटीहरूलाई उनीहरूका अपहरणकर्ताहरूले पत्नीको रूपमा लिएका थिए। प्रतीकात्मक वधू अपहरणलाई सङ्केत गर्ने अनुष्ठानहरू अझै पनि केही संस्कृतिहरूमा अवस्थित छन् (जस्तै [[सर्कासियनहरू]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gilad|first=Moshe|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/a-slightly-rarefied-circassian-day-trip-1.5201112|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172459/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/a-slightly-rarefied-circassian-day-trip-1.5201112|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2018|title=A Slightly Rarefied Circassian Day Trip|date=2012-07-05|work=Haaretz|language=en|quote=“We have an ancient and strong tradition, and we preserve it carefully. Kidnapping the bride before marriage is part of this tradition, and today it is a symbolic ceremony that allows women to marry whom they wish even if the family is against the match.”—Zuhair Thawcho, director of the Circassian Heritage Center in Kfar Kama, Israel}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729101242/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/a-slightly-rarefied-circassian-day-trip-1.5201112 |date=2019-07-29 }}</ref>) विवाह वरपरका परम्पराहरूको एक भागको रूपमा केही स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, [[हनिमुन]] कब्जाद्वारा विवाहको अवशेष हो।<ref>''See, e.g., ''William Shepard Walsh, ''Curiosities of Popular Customs and of Rites, Ceremonies, Observances, and Miscellaneous Antiquities'', (J.B. Lippincott Co., 1897), p. 654; John Lubbock, ''The Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man: Mental and Social Condition of Savages'', (Appleton, 1882), p. 122. Curtis Pesmen & Setiawan Djody, ''Your First Year of Marriage'' (Simon and Schuster, 1995) p. 37. ''Compare with'' Edward Westermarck, ''The History of Human Marriage'' (Allerton Book Co., 1922), p. 277 (refuting the link between honeymoon and marriage by capture).</ref> == नेपालमा वधू अपहरण == नेपालमा विवाहको लागि महिला अपहरण गर्ने प्रथा विभिन्न जातीय समुदायहरूमा पाइन्छ जसमा विशेषगरी हिमाली र मध्यपहाडी क्षेत्रका केही आदिवासी समुदायहरू पर्दछन्। यो प्रथा मुख्यतया [[दलित]] समुदाय, [[तिब्बती-बर्मेली भाषा परिवार]]का केही जातिहरू (जस्तै [[मगर]], [[गुरुङ]], [[ल्होमी जाति|ल्होमी]]), र मुस्ताङ, रुकुम, हुम्ला, मनाङ लगायतका जिल्लाहरूमा देखिन्छ।<ref name="National2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/nepal-s-child-brides-kidnapped-and-married-at-13-1.610972|title=Nepal's child brides: kidnapped and married at 13|date=2017-07-20|work=The National|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref><ref name="TRF2011">{{Cite news|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20111212095300-pgodl|title=Kidnapping Women for Marriage Persists in Nepali Indigenous Group|date=2011-12-12|work=Thomson Reuters Foundation|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref><ref name="Newsreel2025">{{Cite web|url=https://newsreel.asia/videos/home-is-not-a-place-nepal-bride-kidnapping|title=Home Is Not a Place: A Young Woman Traces Her Community's History of Bride Kidnapping|date=2025-06-28|website=Newsreel Asia|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref> नेपालका विभिन्न समुदायमा वधू अपहरणलाई फरक-फरक नामले चिनिन्छ। ''तानी विवाह'' वा ''छोट्टी बस्ने'' प्रथा रुकुम पूर्वका केही समुदायमा प्रचलित प्रथा हो जसमा पुरुषहरूले मन परेकी केटीलाई जबरजस्ती तानेर वा अपहरण गरेर विवाह गर्ने गर्छन्।<ref name="KathmanduPost2024">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-5/2024/01/10/teenage-girls-in-rukum-east-live-in-terror-of-outdated-traditions|title=Teenage girls in Rukum East live in terror of outdated traditions|date=2024-01-10|work=The Kathmandu Post|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref><ref name="CIJ2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cijnepal.org/unveiling-horror-traditions-shackles-on-eastern-rukums-daughters|title=Unveiling Horror: Tradition's Shackles on Eastern Rukum's Daughters|date=2024-01-10|website=CIJ Nepal|access-date=2026-07-07}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:महिला विरुद्धका हिंसाहरू]] 7a7cx62qk4gkcztesn7mzuf1gtw6uc9 0 150918 1368391 1367028 2026-08-04T01:23:13Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368391 wikitext text/x-wiki https://www.eadarsha.com/nep/208771.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113181021/https://www.eadarsha.com/nep/208771.html |date=2026-01-13 }} पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पसका उपप्राध्यापक भण्डारीलाई विद्यावारिधि डा. विष्णुप्रसाद भण्डारी FacebookXMessengerWhatsAppEmailShare पोखरा । पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पसका उपप्राध्यापक विष्णुप्रसाद भण्डारीलाई विद्यावारिधि उपाधि प्राप्त भएको छ । उनले “नेपालका किसानहरूको सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्तर उकास्न माइक्रोफाइनान्सको योगदान” विषयमा विद्यावारिधि उपाधि प्राप्त गरेका हुन्। कास्की र बर्दिया जिल्लामा गरिएको यस अध्ययनले माइक्रोफाइनान्स सेवाले किसानको आय, बचत, सम्पत्ति, उद्यमशीलता, रोजगारी, आधुनिक कृषि प्रविधि, बजार पहुँच तथा सामाजिक सशक्तीकरणमा उल्लेखनीय सकारात्मक प्रभाव पारेको निष्कर्ष निकालेको छ । अध्ययनमा ग्रामीण किसानमा अनौपचारिक ऋणप्रति निर्भरता अझै कायम रहेको देखिएकाले ग्रामीण–शहरी असमानता घटाउन विशेष नीतिगत सुधार आवश्यक रहेको औंल्याइएको छ। उक्त अनुसन्धान त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय (त्रिवि) का पूर्व उपकुलपति प्राडा केशरजंग बराल तथा शंकरदेव क्याम्पसका पूर्व क्याम्पस प्रमुख प्राडा केशवराज जोशीमातहतमा रही सम्पन्न गरिएको डा. भण्डारीले बताए। त्रिवि व्यवस्थापन संकायका डीन प्राडा महानन्द चालिसेको अध्यक्षतामा बसेको संकायको बोर्ड तथा दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालयअन्तर्गत दिल्ली स्कुल अफ इकोनोमिक्सका पूर्व डीन प्राडा सी.पी. गुप्तासहितको मूल्यांकन समितिले विद्यावारिधि उपाधि प्रदान गरेको हो । पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस व्यवस्थापन संकायकै जसबहादुर गुरुङलाई पनि विद्यावारिधि उपाधि प्राप्त भएको छ। पोखरा–२३, ठूलाखेतका भण्डारी रेडक्रस सोसाइटी युवा समिति कास्कीका पूर्व अध्यक्षसमेत हुन् । उनी विभिन्न शैक्षिक एवं सामाजिक संघसंस्थामा पनि उत्रिकै क्रियाशील छन्। उनी विगतमा पत्रकारितामा समेत क्रियाशील थिए । उनलाई विद्यावारिधि उपाधि प्राप्त भएपछि सामाजिक सञ्जालमा बधाईको लहर छ। b8wpioa14845jbig5gt0yf3u1z8u2rg 0 151029 1368380 1368049 2026-08-03T17:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = 'Bangalore Days' 2014 Malayalam Film - Poster.jpg | caption = रङ्गमञ्च प्रदर्शित पोस्टर | native_name = | director = [[अञ्जली मेनन]] | producer = [[अनवर रशीद]]<br />सोफिया पाउल | writer = अञ्जली मेनन | starring = <!-- Please note, the cast order in per the film's closing credits. --> {{plainlist| *[[नजरिया नाजिम]] *[[निविन पौली]] *[[दुलकर सलमान]] *[[फहाद फासिल]] *[[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] *[[ईशा तलवार]] }} | narrator = [[निविन पौली]] | music = [[गोपी सुन्दर]] | cinematography = [[समीर ताहिर]] | editing = प्रवीण प्रभाकर | studio = [[अनवर रशीद इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्स]]<br />[[वीकेन्ड ब्लकबस्टर्स]] | distributor = ए & ए रिलिज थ्रु <br /> अगस्ट सिनेमा एन्ड ट्राइकलर इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्स | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|05|30|India}} | runtime = १७१ मिनेट<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Bangalore Days |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/bangalore-days-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zota5nte |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref> | country = भारत | language = मलयालम | budget = {{INR|८ करोड}}<ref name=2014BO/> | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|४५ करोड}}<ref name="Prithviraj's p 5">{{Cite web|last=IBTimes|date=2015-10-21|title=Kerala box office: Prithviraj's 'Ennu Ninte Moideen' among top 5 highest grossing Malayalam movies|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-prithviraj-ennu-ninte-moideen-among-top-5-highest-grossing-malayalam-movies-651418|access-date=2021-06-16|website=[[International Business Times]]|language=en|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407102101/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-prithviraj-ennu-ninte-moideen-among-top-5-highest-grossing-malayalam-movies-651418|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2014BO/> }} '''''बेङ्गलोर डेज''''' सन् २०१४ मा प्रदर्शित भारतीय [[मलयालम भाषा|मलयालम]]-भाषाको कमिङ-अफ-एज हास्य नाटक चलचित्र हो, जसको लेखन तथा निर्देशन अञ्जली मेननले गरेकी हुन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/funny-real-and-surprising-why-bangalore-days-rare-urban-entertainer-71067|title=Funny, real, and surprising: Why 'Bangalore Days' is a rare urban entertainer|date=4 November 2017}}</ref> यो चलचित्र अनवर रशीद इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्स र वीकेन्ड ब्लकबस्टर्सको ब्यानरमा अनवर रशीद र सोफिया पाउलद्वारा निर्मित गरिएको हो। यस चलचित्रमा [[दुलकर सलमान]], [[नजरिया नाजिम]], [[निविन पौली]], [[फहाद फासिल]], [[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] र [[ईशा तलवार]] मुख्य भूमिकामा रहेका छन्।<ref name="Movie name">{{cite web | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Anjali-Menons-movie-is-Bangalore-Days/articleshow/29295005.cms | title = Anjali Menon's movie is Bangalore days | date = 24 January 2014 | work = [[The Times of India]] | author = Radhika C Pillai | access-date = 15 March 2014 | archive-date = 6 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190906232537/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Anjali-Menons-movie-is-Bangalore-Days/articleshow/29295005.cms | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Cast">{{cite news|title=Anjali Menon's next based in Bangalore|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Anjali-Menons-next-based-in-Bangalore/articleshow/28552685.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Prathibha Joy|access-date=11 January 2014|archive-date=10 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110175552/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Anjali-Menons-next-based-in-Bangalore/articleshow/28552685.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' को कथा [[केरल]]का तीन जना कजिनको जीवन वरिपरि घुम्छ, जो [[बेङ्गलुरु]] सर्छन्। यस चलचित्रले अञ्जली मेननको पारिवारिक सम्बन्धमा आधारित चलचित्र निर्माण गर्ने प्रवृत्तिलाई निरन्तरता दिएको छ।<ref name="Movie trailer">{{cite web|title=Bangalore Days trailer: Fun, young and intriguing|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bangalore-days-trailer-fun-young-and-intriguing-news-malayalam-ofipIejehgb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508184158/http://www.sify.com/movies/bangalore-days-trailer-fun-young-and-intriguing-news-malayalam-ofipIejehgb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="director release interview">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/heart-of-the-matter/article6060806.ece|title=Heart of the matter|last=Thiruvananthapuram|date=29 May 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> चलचित्र ३० मे २०१४ मा भारतभर एकैसाथ २०५ वटा सिनेमाघरमा प्रदर्शन भएको थियो, जसले यसलाई मलयालम चलचित्रका लागि सबैभन्दा ठूला प्रदर्शनहरूमध्ये एक बनाएको थियो। चलचित्रले समीक्षक र दर्शक दुवैबाट सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया पाएको थियो र अनुमानित {{INR|४५ करोड}} कमाइ गर्दै सबैभन्दा धेरै कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक बनेको थियो।<ref name="Opening weekend">{{cite web|title=Bangalore Days Strikes Gold At Box Office|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/bangalore-days-movie-strikes-gold-at-box-office-142431.html|work=OneIndia|date=3 June 2014|access-date=3 June 2014|archive-date=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604090411/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/news/2014/bangalore-days-movie-strikes-gold-at-box-office-142431.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Movie name" /> चलचित्रले तीनवटा केरल राज्य चलचित्र पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेको थियो: उत्कृष्ट अभिनेता (पौलीका लागि), उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री (नजरियाका लागि) र उत्कृष्ट पटकथा (अञ्जली मेननका लागि)। साथै, यसले दुईवटा [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार दक्षिण]] पनि जितेको थियो: उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री (पार्वतीका लागि) र उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक (अञ्जली मेननका लागि)। यस चलचित्रलाई पछि [[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] भाषामा ''बेङ्गलोर नाट्कल'' (सन् २०१६) र [[हिन्दी भाषा|हिन्दी]] भाषामा ''यारियाँ २'' (सन् २०२३) शीर्षकमा पुनर्निर्माण गरिएको थियो। ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' लाई न्यु–जेन सिनेमा आन्दोलनका उत्कृष्ट मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ र समयसँगै यसले कल्ट चलचित्रको प्रतिष्ठा हासिल गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite news|title=10 Malayalam films to watch before you die|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/10-malayalam-films-to-watch-before-you-die/photostory/48436103.cms|access-date=2021-06-10|website=The Times of India|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610062710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/10-malayalam-films-to-watch-before-you-die/photostory/48436103.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ==कलाकार== {{cast list| *[[दुलकर सलमान]] — अर्जुन "अजु" *[[निविन पौली]] — कृष्णन पी. पी. "कुट्टन" *[[नजरिया नाजिम]] — दिव्या प्रकाश "कुञ्जु", दासकी पत्नी *[[फहाद फासिल]] — शिवदास "शिवा" *[[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] — आरजे सारा, अजुकी प्रेमिका *[[ईशा तलवार]] — मीनाक्षी, कुट्टनकी पूर्वप्रेमिका *पेरिस लक्ष्मी — मिसेल, कुट्टनकी पत्नी *मनियानपिल्ला राजु — प्रकाश, दिव्याका पिता *प्रविणा — शोभा, दिव्याकी आमा *विजयराघवन — कुट्टनका पिता *कल्पना — वनजा, कुट्टनकी आमा *प्रताप पोथेन — फ्रान्सिस, नतासाका पिता *विनया प्रसाद — लिन्सी फ्रान्सिस, नतासाकी आमा *रेखा — साराकी आमा *सिजोय वर्गीज — प्रशिक्षक जकारिया *शिशिरा थोमस — रिया, साराकी कजिन<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/everybody-addresses-me-as-cute-cousin-actress-shishira/articleshow/36648286.cms | title=Everybody addresses me as 'cute cousin' - Actress Shishira | newspaper=The Times of India | last1=Soman | first1=Deepa | access-date=21 April 2024 | archive-date=19 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419220250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/everybody-addresses-me-as-cute-cousin-actress-shishira/articleshow/36648286.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> *साजिद याहिया — सामी, स्टर्म राइडर्जका सदस्य *विवास — दिव्याका दाजु *त्रिशूर बालन — दासका पिता *बिन्दु — दासकी आमा *मृदुला — दासकी बहिनी *टिनु थोमस कन्नुर — दासका भाइ *कृष्ण प्रसाद — कुट्टनका काका *अभिनव — राकेश, प्रतिद्वन्द्वी टोलीका सदस्य तथा अर्जुनका प्रतिद्वन्द्वी *अरविन्द के. पी. — स्वयम् *[[नित्या मेनन]] — नतासा फ्रान्सिस, दासकी दिवंगत प्रेमिका (विशेष उपस्थितिमा)। चलचित्रमा सिम्बा नामक ल्याब्राडोरले नतासाको पाल्तु कुकुरको भूमिका निर्वाह गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/bangalore-days-fame-dog-simba-passes-away/articleshow/91538048.cms|title='Bangalore Days' fame dog Simba passes away|date=13 May 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> }} ==निर्माण== ===विकास=== ''मञ्जाडिकुरु'' र ''[[उस्ताद होटल]]'' को सफलतापछि अञ्जली मेननले ''एल फर लभ'' नामक आफ्नो नयाँ परियोजनाको घोषणा गरेकी थिइन् र उक्त चलचित्र अनवर रशीद तथा सोफिया पाउलले निर्माण गर्ने बताएकी थिइन्। पछि अञ्जलीले चलचित्रको शीर्षक ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' रहेको स्पष्ट पारेकी थिइन्। अञ्जलीले यस चलचित्रलाई मूलतः सरल कथा भएको चलचित्रका रूपमा वर्णन गर्दै यो हामी सबैले चिनेका मानिसहरू, सपना, सम्बन्ध, प्रेम तथा हाम्रो परिवेशले हामीलाई कसरी परिवर्तन गर्न सक्छ भन्ने विषयमा आधारित रहेको बताएकी थिइन्।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/heart-of-the-matter/article6060806.ece|title=Heart of the matter|date=29 May 2014|website=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=P. Anima|access-date=3 March 2016|last1=Anima|first1=P.}}</ref> एक प्रमुख समाचारपत्रसँगको अन्तर्वार्तामा अञ्जलीले कथाको मागअनुसार चलचित्रको अधिकांश छायाङ्कन बगैँचाहरूको सहर [[बेङ्गलुरु]]मा गरिने बताएकी थिइन्। उनले यो चलचित्र रोजगारीका लागि बेङ्गलुरु सरेका युवाहरूको समूह र सहरमा उनीहरूको जीवनमा केन्द्रित रहने पनि बताएकी थिइन्।<ref name="FilmiBeat">{{cite web | url = http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/fahad-dulquar-nivin-isha-nazriya-nithya-anjali-menon-movie-l-for-love-129302.html | title = Fahad, Dulquar, Nivin, Nazriya, Isha's Movie Titled L For Love | publisher = FilmiBeat | author = Gayathry | date = 10 January 2014 | access-date = 10 January 2014 }}</ref> यो चलचित्र अञ्जली र अनवर रशीदबीच उनीहरूले आफ्ना अघिल्ला चलचित्रहरूमा सँगै काम गर्दा विकसित भएको मित्रताको अर्को परिणाम थियो। मेननले यस चलचित्रमा मलयालम चलचित्र उद्योगका नयाँ पुस्ताका अभिनेता तथा अभिनेत्रीहरू निविन पौली, दुलकर सलमान, नजरिया नाजिम र फहाद फासिलको अभिनय रहेको घोषणा गरेकी थिइन्। रफीक अहमद, सन्तोष वर्मा र एना क्याथरिना वलायिलले गीतका शब्द लेखेका थिए भने गोपी सुन्दरले चलचित्रको सङ्गीत रचना गरेका थिए। चलचित्रको छायाङ्कन समीर ताहिरले गरेका थिए भने सम्पादन प्रवीण प्रभाकरले गरेका थिए। चलचित्रको पहिलो झलक ट्रेलर ७ मे २०१४ मा अनलाइन सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो, त्यसपछि १२ मेमा उपशीर्षकसहितको संस्करण सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Movie trailer"/> अञ्जलीले तीन जना कजिनको भूमिकाका लागि नजरिया, दुलकर र निविन उपयुक्त हुने ठानेर उनीहरूलाई चयन गरेकी थिइन्। त्यसपछि फहादलाई उनको भूमिकाका लागि चयन गरिएको थियो। सहायक भूमिकाका लागि मनियानपिल्ला राजु, प्रविणा, विजयराघवन, कल्पना र विवासलाई अनुबन्धित गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":1"/> === छायाङ्कन === ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' को छायाङ्कन डिसेम्बर २०१३ मा सुरु भएको थियो। छायाङ्कन मार्च २०१४ मा सम्पन्न भएको थियो र ७० दिनमा यसको सुटिङ पूरा भएको थियो। चलचित्रको छायाङ्कन बेङ्गलुरु र [[कोच्चि]]मा गरिएको थियो। यसको निर्माण बजेट {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} रहेको थियो।<ref name="Movie budget">{{cite web | url = http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/preview/436034/ | title = With new stars "Bangalore Days" | date = 11 March 2014 | work = [[Mathrubhumi]] | access-date = 15 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140311024407/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/preview/436034/ | archive-date = 11 March 2014 | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311024407/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/preview/436034/ |date=11 March 2014 }}</ref> ==प्रदर्शन== चलचित्र सुरुमा ९ मे २०१४ मा प्रदर्शन गर्ने तालिका तय गरिएको थियो, तर निर्माणमा भएको ढिलाइका कारण यसको प्रदर्शन मिति सारिएको थियो।<ref name="Release date">{{cite web|title=Release reshuffle in May!|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/release-reshuffle-in-may-news-malayalam-ofimlVeecig.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224028/http://www.sify.com/movies/release-reshuffle-in-may-news-malayalam-ofimlVeecig.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2014|website=[[Sify]]|date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> चलचित्र ३० मे २०१४ मा भारतभर एकैसाथ २०५ सिनेमाघरमा प्रदर्शन भएको थियो, जसले यसलाई मलयालम चलचित्रका लागि सबैभन्दा ठूला प्रदर्शनहरूमध्ये एक बनाएको थियो।<ref name="Opening weekend"/> प्रदर्शनका समयमा ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' सबैभन्दा धेरै पर्दामा उपशीर्षकसहित प्रदर्शन हुने मलयालम चलचित्र बनेको थियो। यो चलचित्र भारतभर २०० भन्दा बढी सिनेमाघरमा अङ्ग्रेजी उपशीर्षकसहित प्रदर्शन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="BB">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Bangalore-Days-with-English-subtitles-from-Friday/articleshow/36106292.cms|title=Bangalore Days with English subtitles from Friday|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="ibtimes.co.in">{{cite web|title='Bangalore Days' Box Office: Will Anjali Menon Directorial Beat 'Drishyam' Collections?|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-box-office-will-anjali-menon-directorial-beat-drishyam-collections-601964|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=10 June 2014}}</ref> चलचित्र ३ जुलाई २०१४ मा [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]]मा पनि प्रदर्शन भएको थियो।<ref name="IBTimes">{{cite web|title='Bangalore Days' Releasing in UAE on 3 July|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|date=26 June 2014|website=International Business Times|access-date=10 July 2014|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111075320/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|url-status=live}}</ref> ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' भारतमा ए & ए रिलिज थ्रु अगस्ट सिनेमाद्वारा वितरण गरिएको थियो। [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]मा स्टार मुभी, [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]]मा इन्डियन मुभिज तथा [[अस्ट्रेलिया]], [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]], [[मलेसिया]], [[सिङ्गापुर]] र [[जापान]]मा ट्राइकलर इन्टरटेनमेन्ट्सले चलचित्र वितरण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|title=Bangalore Days' Releasing in UAE on 3 July|date=10 June 2014|website=[[International Business Times]]|publisher=Nicy V.P|access-date=3 March 2016|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111075320/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-releasing-uae-3-july-603107|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रतिक्रिया== ===समीक्षात्मक प्रतिक्रिया=== चलचित्रले समीक्षकहरूबाट सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त गरेको थियो। यसको निर्देशन, कलाकारहरूको अभिनय, सङ्गीत तथा छायाङ्कनको विशेष प्रशंसा गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Reviews">{{cite web|title='Bangalore Days' Review Roundup: Fun-Filled Entertainer; Worth Watching|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-review-roundup-fun-filled-entertainer-worth-watching-601395|date=1 June 2014|website=International Business Times|access-date=3 June 2014|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030054/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-review-roundup-fun-filled-entertainer-worth-watching-601395|url-status=live}}</ref> ===बक्स अफिस=== चलचित्रले प्रदर्शनको पहिलो सातामा {{INRConvert|8.5|c}} कमाइ गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-bangalore-days-grosses-8-5-crore-first-week-601734|title=Box Office Collection: 'Bangalore Days' Grosses rs 8.5 crore in First Week|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=6 June 2014|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030128/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-bangalore-days-grosses-8-5-crore-first-week-601734|url-status=live}}</ref> संयुक्त अधिराज्यको बक्स अफिसमा यसले एक महिनाभित्र £१००,६७० (₹१.०३ करोड) कमाइ गरेको थियो,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-box-office-collection-anjali-menons-film-crosses-1-crore-mark-uk-604453|title=Bangalore Days' Box Office Collection: Anjali Menon's Film Crosses ₹1 Crore Mark in UK|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=15 July 2014|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030113/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-days-box-office-collection-anjali-menons-film-crosses-1-crore-mark-uk-604453|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/can-tamil-version-bangalore-days-recreate-magic-38416?amp|title=Can the Tamil version of Bangalore Days recreate the magic?|website=[[The News Minute]]|date=1 February 2016|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190057/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/can-tamil-version-bangalore-days-recreate-magic-38416?amp|url-status=live}}</ref> भने प्रदर्शनको अन्त्यसम्ममा त्यहाँबाट कुल $१८०,२१७ (₹१.३४ करोड) कमाइ गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3379974661/|title=Bangalore Days|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> चलचित्रले विश्वभरबाट करिब ₹४८–५० करोडको कुल कमाइ गरेको थियो, जसले यसलाई त्यस वर्षको सर्वाधिक कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्र तथा सबैभन्दा धेरै कमाइ गर्ने मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एक बनाएको थियो।<ref name="Prithviraj's p 5"/><ref name="thenewsminute.com"/><ref name=2014BO>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dulquer-salmaan-how-mammootty-s-son-became-face-of-the-cosmopolitan-malayali/story-x82yr306cKQpuZjGv1TSJP.html|title=Dulquer Salmaan: How Mammootty's son became face of the cosmopolitan Malayali|author=Pratibha Parameshwaran|date=25 February 2017|access-date=28 February 2017|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030056/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dulquer-salmaan-how-mammootty-s-son-became-face-of-the-cosmopolitan-malayali/story-x82yr306cKQpuZjGv1TSJP.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=RemakeBM>{{cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-Hyderabad-days-yet/articleshow/45781766.cms|title=No Hyderabad days yet|date=6 January 2015|access-date=12 January 2015|newspaper=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|author=S. S. Kamal|archive-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806110455/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/south-masala/No-Hyderabad-days-yet/articleshow/45781766.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> चलचित्र चेन्नईका चार केन्द्रमा १०० दिनसम्म तथा हैदराबादमा दुई महिनासम्म प्रदर्शन भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/7-actors-who-are-well-known-across-all-film-industries/Prabhas/photostory/55245666.cms|title=7 actors who are well known across all film industries|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/malayalam-film-premam-completes-100-days-in-theaters-on-september-5.html|title=Malayalam film Premam completes 100 days in theatres on September 5|date=6 September 2015|website=Behindwoods|access-date=10 September 2020|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030056/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/malayalam-film-premam-completes-100-days-in-theaters-on-september-5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-hit-by-a-Malayalam-wave/articleshow/40512632.cms|title=Tollywood hit by a Malayalam wave|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 August 2014|access-date=9 June 2016|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-hit-by-a-Malayalam-wave/articleshow/40512632.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ==पुरस्कार तथा मनोनयन== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! पुरस्कार ! समारोहको मिति{{efn|सम्भव भएसम्म मितिलाई सम्बन्धित वर्षको पुरस्कारसम्बन्धी लेखसँग जोडिएको छ।}} ! विधा ! प्राप्तकर्ता ! परिणाम ! सन्दर्भ |- ! rowspan="8"| एसियानेट चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="8"| ११ जनवरी २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट लोकप्रिय चलचित्र | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' | {{won}} | rowspan="8"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/17th-asianet-film-awards-mammootty-manju-warrier-win-best-actor-awards-photoswinners-list-620099|title=17th Asianet Film Awards|website=International Business Times|date=12 January 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=28 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728154911/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/17th-asianet-film-awards-mammootty-manju-warrier-win-best-actor-awards-photoswinners-list-620099|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक | [[अञ्जली मेनन]] | {{won}} |- | स्टार अफ द इयर | [[दुलकर सलमान]] | {{won}} |- | पर्फर्मर अफ द इयर | [[फहाद फासिल]] | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री | [[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट गीतकार | रफीक अहमद ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट पुरुष पार्श्वगायक | हरिचरण ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{won}} |- ! rowspan="7"| एसियाभिजन पुरस्कार | rowspan="7"| १४ नोभेम्बर २०१४ | उत्कृष्ट मनोरञ्जनात्मक चलचित्र | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' (अञ्जली मेनन) | {{won}} | rowspan="7"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-awards-2014-aishwarya-rai-dhanush-kajol-mammootty-manju-warrier-be-honoured-612940|title=Asiavision Awards 2014|website=International Business Times|date=3 November 2014|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411053157/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-awards-2014-aishwarya-rai-dhanush-kajol-mammootty-manju-warrier-be-honoured-612940|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | पर्फर्मर अफ द इयर – पुरुष | दुलकर सलमान | {{won}} |- | स्टार अफ द इयर – पुरुष | [[निविन पौली]] | {{won}} |- | स्टार अफ द इयर – महिला | [[नजरिया नाजिम]] | {{won}} |- | अभिनयमा नयाँ सनसनी | पार्वती तिरुवोथु | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट छायाङ्कन | समीर ताहिर | {{won}} |- ! rowspan="7"| [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार दक्षिण]] | rowspan="7"| २६ जुन २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट चलचित्र – मलयालम | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="7"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/62nd-filmfare-awards-south-2015-dulquer-salmaan-nivin-pauly-mammootty-biju-menon-suresh-gopi-634657|title=62nd Filmfare Awards South 2015|website=International Business Times|date=4 June 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221160708/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/62nd-filmfare-awards-south-2015-dulquer-salmaan-nivin-pauly-mammootty-biju-menon-suresh-gopi-634657|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html|title=Winners of 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards South|website=Filmfare|date=27 June 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506152856/https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9643.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक – मलयालम | अञ्जली मेनन | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेता – मलयालम | फहाद फासिल | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री – मलयालम | पार्वती तिरुवोथु | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक – मलयालम | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2"| उत्कृष्ट पुरुष पार्श्वगायक – मलयालम | हरिचरण ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{won}} |- | विजय येसुदास र सचिन वारियर ("थुडक्कम मङ्गल्यम") | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="3"| केरल राज्य चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="3"| १० अगस्ट २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट अभिनेता | निविन पौली | {{won}} | rowspan="3"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-awards-2014-announced-nivin-pauly-nazriya-nazim-bangalore-days-emerge-victorious-642318|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2014|website=International Business Times|date=10 August 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411173800/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-state-awards-2014-announced-nivin-pauly-nazriya-nazim-bangalore-days-emerge-victorious-642318|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्री | नजरिया नाजिम | {{won}}{{efn|नजरियाले यो पुरस्कार ''ओम शान्ति ओशाना'' का लागि पनि जितेकी थिइन्।}} |- | उत्कृष्ट मौलिक पटकथा | अञ्जली मेनन | {{won}} |- ! rowspan="9"| दक्षिण भारतीय अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="9"| ६–७ अगस्ट २०१५ | उत्कृष्ट चलचित्र मलयालम | ''बेङ्गलोर डेज'' | {{won}} | rowspan="9"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2015-malayalam-nominations-mammootty-fahadh-faasil-nivin-pauly-prithviraj-dulquer-636069|title=SIIMA 2015 Malayalam Nominations|website=International Business Times|date=16 June 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411173805/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2015-malayalam-nominations-mammootty-fahadh-faasil-nivin-pauly-prithviraj-dulquer-636069|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://siima.in/2015/winners.html|title=SIIMA 2015 Malayalam Winners|website=South Indian International Movie Awards|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517085848/http://siima.in/2015/winners.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517085848/http://siima.in/2015/winners.html |date=17 May 2017 }}</ref> |- | उत्कृष्ट नवोदित निर्माता – मलयालम | अनवर रशीद र सोफिया पाउल | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट निर्देशक – मलयालम | अञ्जली मेनन | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट छायाङ्कन – मलयालम | समीर ताहिर | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सहायक अभिनेत्री – मलयालम | पार्वती तिरुवोथु | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट सङ्गीत निर्देशक – मलयालम | गोपी सुन्दर | {{won}} |- | उत्कृष्ट गीतकार – मलयालम | रफीक अहमद ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट पुरुष पार्श्वगायक – मलयालम | हरिचरण ("एथु कारी राविलुम") | {{nom}} |- | उत्कृष्ट नृत्य निर्देशन – मलयालम | बृन्दा ("थुडक्कम मङ्गल्यम") | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="2"| वनिता चलचित्र पुरस्कार | rowspan="2"| १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१५ | सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय अभिनेत्री | नजरिया नाजिम | {{won}} | rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vanithasarah-film-awards-1983-mammootty-manju-warrier-emerge-victorious-winners-list-623226|title=Vanitha–Cera Film Awards|website=International Business Times|date=12 February 2015|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412083926/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vanithasarah-film-awards-1983-mammootty-manju-warrier-emerge-victorious-winners-list-623226|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | वर्षको लोकप्रिय गीत | "मङ्गल्यम थन्थुनानेना" | {{won}} |} ==पुनर्निर्माण== चलचित्रलाई तमिल भाषामा ''बेङ्गलोर नाट्कल'' (सन् २०१६)<ref name="Remake - Tamil, Telugu and Hindi">{{cite news|title=Bangalore Days to be remade in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Bangalore-Days-to-be-remade-in-Tamil-Telugu-and-Hindi/articleshow/37506419.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=30 June 2014|access-date=10 July 2014|archive-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701125640/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Bangalore-Days-to-be-remade-in-Tamil-Telugu-and-Hindi/articleshow/37506419.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-new-teaser-of-the-tamil-remake-of-bangalore-days-2163887|title=Watch: New teaser of the Tamil remake of 'Bangalore Days'|date=9 January 2016|work=dna|access-date=28 February 2016|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030640/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-new-teaser-of-the-tamil-remake-of-bangalore-days-2163887|url-status=live}}</ref> र हिन्दी भाषामा ''यारियाँ २'' (सन् २०२३) शीर्षकमा पुनर्निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=T-Series announces Yaariyan 2, locks release date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/t-series-announces-yaariyan-2-locks-release-date-8204834/|date=17 October 2022|accessdate=25 April 2023|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024091908/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/t-series-announces-yaariyan-2-locks-release-date-8204834/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Yaariyan 2 Teaser OUT: Divya Khosla Kumar, Pearl V Puri, Meezaan Jafri starrer depict crazy cousin chemistry|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yaariyan-2-teaser-out-divya-khosla-kumar-pearl-v-puri-meezaan-jafri-starrer-depict-crazy-cousin-chemistry-1235135%3famp|accessdate=10 August 2023|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181825/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yaariyan-2-teaser-out-divya-khosla-kumar-pearl-v-puri-meezaan-jafri-starrer-depict-crazy-cousin-chemistry-1235135?amp|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181825/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/yaariyan-2-teaser-out-divya-khosla-kumar-pearl-v-puri-meezaan-jafri-starrer-depict-crazy-cousin-chemistry-1235135?amp |date=26 September 2023 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! भूमिका ! मलयालम (मूल) ! तमिल (पुनर्निर्माण) ! हिन्दी (पुनर्निर्माण) |- | कुट्टन | [[निविन पौली]] | [[बबी सिम्हा]] | [[पर्ल वी पूरी]] |- | अजु | [[दुलकर सलमान]] | [[आर्य (अभिनेता)|आर्या]] | [[मिजान जाफरी]] |- | दिव्या | [[नजरिया नाजिम]] | [[श्री दिव्या]] | [[दिव्या खोसला कुमार]] |- | दास | [[फहाद फासिल]] | [[राणा दग्गुबाती]] | [[यश दासगुप्ता]] |- | अजुकी प्रेमिका | colspan="2" | [[पार्वती तिरुवोथु]] | [[अनस्वरा राजन]] |- | कुट्टनकी प्रेमिका | [[ईशा तलवार]] | [[राय लक्ष्मी]] | [[वरिना हुसैन]] |- | कुट्टनकी पत्नी | colspan="2" | [[पेरिस लक्ष्मी]] | [[प्रिया प्रकाश वरियर]] |} ==विरासत== [[नजरिया नाजिम]]द्वारा अभिनीत दिव्यालाई मलयालम चलचित्रका सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली महिला पात्रहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/readers-articles/bangalore-days-nazriya-nazim-divya-realistic-empowerment-makes-her-one-of-my-favourite-women-in-film-malayalam-movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329133532/https://www.filmcompanion.in/amp/story/readers-articles/bangalore-days-nazriya-nazim-divya-realistic-empowerment-makes-her-one-of-my-favourite-women-in-film-malayalam-movies |url-status=live |title=Divya's realistic empowerment in Bangalore Days makes her the film's favourite women |first=Parvati |last=Mohan |accessdate=23 October 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2022 |website=Film Companion|date=12 March 2021 }}</ref> ''द हिन्दू'' र ''मातृभूमि'' जस्ता प्रकाशनहरूले यसलाई दशकका उत्कृष्ट मलयालम चलचित्रहरूमध्ये एकको रूपमा उल्लेख गरेका छन्।<ref>{{cite news | last=Nagarajan | first=Saraswathy | title=The 25 best Malayalam films of the decade: 'Premam', 'Maheshinte Prathikaram', 'Kumbalangi Nights' and more | newspaper=The Hindu | date=19 December 2019 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-25-best-malayalam-films-of-the-decade-premam-maheshinte-prathikaram-kumbalangi-nights-and-more/article30349548.ece | access-date=1 April 2020 | archive-date=10 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110115120/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-25-best-malayalam-films-of-the-decade-premam-maheshinte-prathikaram-kumbalangi-nights-and-more/article30349548.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=K. | first=Ranjana | title=ഈ ദശാബ്ദത്തിലെ മികച്ച സിനിമകള്‍ ഏതൊക്കെ? | trans-title=Which are the Best Films of This Decade? | website=Mathrubhumi | url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/best-and-commercially-acclaimed-malayalam-films-in-this-decade-1.4399874 | language=ml | date=30 December 2019 | access-date=1 April 2020 | archive-date=13 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113204753/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/best-and-commercially-acclaimed-malayalam-films-in-this-decade-1.4399874 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==टिप्पणी== {{notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{IMDb title|3668162}} [[श्रेणी:सन् २०१४ का चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मलयालम भाषाका चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय प्रेमप्रसङ्गयुक्त हास्य चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय प्रेमप्रसङ्गयुक्त नाटक चलचित्रहरू]] fumdbshe6opymy4gu2jlbd5rclp54og 0 151085 1368384 1368178 2026-08-03T19:59:09Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = मिचेल बाचेलेत | image = Portrait Michelle Bachelet.jpg | alt = | caption = आधिकारिक चित्र, सन् २०१४ | office = चिलीको ३३औँ र ३५औँ राष्ट्रपति | term_start = ११ मार्च २०१४ | term_end = ११ मार्च २०१८ | predecessor = [[:en:Sebastián Piñera|सिबास्टियन पिनेरा]] | successor = सिबास्टियन पिनेरा | term_start1 = ११ मार्च २००६ | term_end1 = ११ मार्च २०१० | predecessor1 = [[:en:Ricardo Lagos|रिकार्डो लेगोस]] | successor1 = सिबास्टियन पिनेरा | office2 = सातौँ [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र मानव अधिकार उच्चायुक्तको कार्यालय]] | 1blankname2 = {{nowrap|महासचिव}} | 1namedata2 = [[एन्टोनियो गुटरेस]] | deputy2 = [[:en:Kate Gilmore (UN official)|केट गिल्मोर]] | term_start2 = १ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ | term_end2 = ३१ अगस्ट २०२२ | predecessor2 = [[:en:Zeid Raad Al Hussein|जैद राद अल हुसेन]] | successor2 = [[:en:Volker Türk|भोल्कर टुर्क]] | office3 = [[प्रशान्त गठबन्धन]]को अस्थायी अध्यक्ष | term_start3 = १ जुलाई २०१६ | term_end3 = ३० जुन २०१७ | predecessor3 = [[:en:Ollanta Humala|ओलन्टा हुमाला]] | successor3 = [[:en:Juan Manuel Santos|हुवान मानुएल सान्तोस]] | office4 = ''यूएन वुमन''की कार्यकारी निर्देशक | 1blankname4 = {{nowrap|महासचिव}} | 1namedata4 = [[वान कि मुन]] | deputy4 = [[लक्ष्मी पुरी]] | term_start4 = १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१० | term_end4 = १५ मार्च २०१३ | predecessor4 = ''पद स्थापना गरिएको'' | successor4 = लक्ष्मी पुरी (कार्यवाहक) | office5 = [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी राष्ट्रहरूको संघको अस्थायी अध्यक्ष]] | term_start5 = २३ मे २००८ | term_end5 = १० अगस्ट २००९ | predecessor5 = ''पद स्थापना गरिएको'' | successor5 = [[:en:Rafael Correa|राफाएल कोरिए]] | office6 = [[रक्षा मन्त्रालय (चिली)]] | president6 = [[रिकार्डो लेगोस]] | term_start6 = ७ जनवरी २००२ | term_end6 = १ अक्टोबर २००४ | predecessor6 = [[:en:Mario Fernández Baeza|मारियो फर्नान्डेज बेइजा]] | successor6 = [[:en:Jaime Ravinet|जयमी रविनेट]] | office7 = [[स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालय (चिली)|स्वास्थ्य मन्त्री]] | president7 = रिकार्डो लेगोस | term_start7 = ११ मार्च २००० | term_end7 = ७ जनवरी २००२ | predecessor7 = [[:en:Álex Figueroa|अलेक्स फिगुरोवा]] | successor7 = [[:en:Osvaldo Artaza|ओस्भाल्डो आर्टजा]] | birth_name = भेरोनिका मिचेल बाचेलेत जेरिया | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1951|9|29}} | birth_place = [[सेन्टियागो]], चिली | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी]] (सन् १९७० देखि) | other_party = [[कन्सर्टासियोन]] (१९८८–२०१३)<br />[[नुएभा मायोरिया]] (२०१३–२०१८) | father = [[अल्बेर्टो बाचालेत]] | mother = [[एन्जेला जेरिया]] | spouse = {{marriage|जर्ज डेभालोस कार्टेस|1978|1984|end={{abbr|sep.|separation}}}} | children = ३ | education = [[चिली विश्वविद्यालय]] (एमडी) | website = {{URL|michellebachelet.cl}} | signature = Firma de Michelle Bachelet.svg | profession = बालरोग विशेषज्ञ / सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य चिकित्सक }} '''भेरोनिका मिचेल बाचेलेत जेरिया''' ({{IPA|es|beˈɾonika miˈtʃel βatʃeˈlet ˈxeɾja|lang}}; जन्म २९ सेप्टेम्बर १९५१)<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 October 1951 |title=Certficado de Nacimiento |trans-title=Birth certificate |url=https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Archivo:CLSRCeI_AP1195109290(1).pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206124621/https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Archivo:CLSRCeI_AP1195109290(1).pdf |archive-date=6 February 2021 |access-date=31 July 2026 |website= |publisher=Dirección Nacional del Registro Civil Nacional de la República de Chile}}</ref> एक चिलीकी राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २००६ देखि २०१० सम्म र सन् २०१४ देखि २०१८ सम्म चिलीको ३३ औँ र ३५ औँ राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा कार्यभार सम्हालेकी थिइन्। उनी राष्ट्रपति पद सम्हाल्ने चिलीकी पहिलो र हालसम्मकी एक मात्र महिला हुन्। सन् २००५-२००६ को राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचनमा ५४% मत प्राप्त गरेकी उनले डिसेम्बर २०१३ मा ६२% भन्दा बढी मतका साथ पुनः चिलीको राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएकी थिइन्, जसले उनलाई सन् १९३२ यताकै पुनः निर्वाचित हुने चिलीकि पहिलो राष्ट्रपति बनायो।<ref>{{cite web |date=16 December 2013 |title=Michelle Bachelet: primera mujer presidenta y primer presidente reelecto desde 1932 |trans-title=Michelle Bachelet: first female president and first re-elected president since 1932 |url=http://www.biobiochile.cl/2013/12/16/bachelet-primera-mujer-presidenta-y-primer-presidente-reelecto-desde-1932.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012821/http://biobiochile.cl/2013/12/16/bachelet-primera-mujer-presidenta-y-primer-presidente-reelecto-desde-1932.shtml |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=31 July 2026 |work=Facebook}}</ref> आफ्नो दोस्रो कार्यकालपछि, उनले सन् २०१८ देखि २०२२ सम्म मानवअधिकारका लागि संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघीय उच्चायुक्तको रूपमा सेवा गरिन्।<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 August 2018 |title=Michelle Bachelet será la nueva Alta Comisionada de la ONU para los Derechos Humanos |trans-title=Michelle Bachelet will be the new UN High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=https://news.un.org/es/story/2018/08/1439272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124052722/https://news.un.org/es/story/2018/08/1439272 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=31 July 2026 |work=Noticias ONU |language=es}}</ref> आफ्नो करियरको सुरूवाती चरणमा, उनी [[:en:UN Women|लैङ्गिक समानता र महिला सशक्तिकरणका लागि संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघीय निकाय (''युएन वुमन'')]]को पहिलो कार्यकारी निर्देशकको रूपमा नियुक्त भएकी थिइन्। [[सैन्य रणनीति]] समेत अध्ययन गरेकी चिकित्सक बाचेलेतले राष्ट्रपति [[रिकार्डो लेगोस]]को कार्यकालमा स्वास्थ्य मन्त्री र रक्षा मन्त्रीको रूपमा पनि जिम्मेवारी सम्हालेकी थिइन्। उनी तीन सन्तानकी आमा हुन् र आफूलाई [[:en:Agnosticism|अनीश्वरवादी]]का रूपमा परिचय दिन्छिन्।<ref name="agnostic">{{cite news |date=30 December 2005 |title=Bachelet critica a la derecha por descalificarla por ser agnóstica |trans-title=Bachelet criticises the political right for discounting her because of her agnosticism |url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2005/12/30/206367/bachelet-critica-a-la-derecha-por-descalificarla-por-ser-agnostica.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225151905/http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2005/12/30/206367/bachelet-critica-a-la-derecha-por-descalificarla-por-ser-agnostica.html |archive-date=25 December 2014 |access-date=31 July 2026 |publisher=El Mercurio |language=es}}</ref> आफ्नो मातृभाषा [[स्पेनिस]]का अतिरिक्त, उनी [[अंग्रेजी]] भाषा धाराप्रवाह बोल्छिन् र [[जर्मन]], [[फ्रेन्च]] तथा [[पोर्चुगिज]] भाषामा पनि निपुर्ण छिन्।<ref name="govbio">{{cite web |title=Biografía Michelle Bachelet |trans-title=Michelle Bachelet biography |url=http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewPresidenta.aspx?Idarticulo=22478 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312235635/http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewPresidenta.aspx?Idarticulo=22478 |archive-date=12 March 2008 |access-date=31 July 2026 |work=Gobierno de Chile |language=es}}</ref> ==संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघमा मनोनयन== सन् २०२५ सेप्टेम्बर २३ मा चिलीका राष्ट्रपति ग्याब्रिएल बोरिकले बाचेलेतलाई संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघको आउँदो महासचिवको रूपमा चिलीको तर्फबाट अघि सारेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-24 |title=Chile puts forward ex-president Bachelet for UN top job |language=en-US |work=[[France 24]] |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250924-chile-puts-forward-ex-president-bachelet-for-un-top-job |access-date=2026-07-31}}</ref> == पुरस्कार तथा मिडिया मान्यताहरू == * सन् २००६ मा ''[[Forbes|फोर्ब्स]]'' पत्रिकाद्वारा [[Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|विश्वका १०० सबैभन्दा शक्तिशाली महिलाहरू]]को सूचीमा १७ औँ स्थानमा परेकी<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/11/06women_Michelle-Bachelet_Z2QJ.html|access-date=31 July 2026|date=31 August 2006|title=The 100 Most Powerful Women: #17 Michelle Bachelet|work=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=25 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025134137/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/11/06women_Michelle-Bachelet_Z2QJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (उनी सन् २००९ मा २२ औँ, सन् २००८ मा २५ औँ,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/11/biz_powerwomen08_Michelle-Bachelet_Z2QJ.html|access-date=31 July 2026|date=27 August 2008|title=The 100 Most Powerful Women: #25 Michelle Bachelet|work=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=31 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831051054/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/11/biz_powerwomen08_Michelle-Bachelet_Z2QJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> र सन् २००७ मा २७ औँ स्थानमा थिइन्<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/11/biz-07women_Michelle-Bachelet_Z2QJ.html|access-date=31 July 2026|date=31 August 2007|title=The 100 Most Powerful Women: #27 Michelle Bachelet|work=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=27 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027095912/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/11/biz-07women_Michelle-Bachelet_Z2QJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>)। सन् २०१४ मा उनी २५ औँ स्थानमा परेकी थिइन्।<ref name=Forbes14>{{cite web|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall|work=Forbes|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920073036/https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Ramón Rubial|रामोन रुबियल]] फाउन्डेसनद्वारा 'स्वतन्त्रता र लोकतन्त्र रक्षा पुरस्कार' (जनवरी २००७)।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/pais/vasco/Bachelet/Vega/estrenan/premios/Ramon/Rubial/elpepuesppvs/20070111elpvas_9/Tes|title=Bachelet y De la Vega estrenan los premios Ramón Rubial|work=El Pais|date=11 January 2007|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322101927/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/pais/vasco/Bachelet/Vega/estrenan/premios/Ramon/Rubial/elpepuesppvs/20070111elpvas_9/Tes|url-status=live}}</ref> * सन् २००८ मा ''[[Time (magazine)|टाइम]]'' पत्रिकाद्वारा विश्वको १५ औँ सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली व्यक्तिको रूपमा सूचीबद्ध। * [[World Jewish Congress|विश्व यहुदी कांग्रेस]]द्वारा शालोम पुरस्कार (जुन २००८)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=309030|title=Congreso Judío Mundial entrega Premio Shalom a Presidenta Bachelet|date=17 June 2008 |publisher=[[El Mercurio]]|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=19 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619074323/http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=309030|url-status=live}}</ref> * सर्वोच्च नेतृत्व पुरस्कार (अर्जेन्टिना, अक्टोबर २००८)। * [[Vital Voices|भाइटल भोइसेज]]द्वारा ग्लोबल ट्रेलब्लेजर अवार्ड (अक्टोबर २००८)।<ref name="infobae1"/> * जुलाई २००९ मा [[CONMEBOL|कन्मेबोल]]द्वारा दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल मानार्थ अर्डर अफ मेरिट (असाधारण महान् कलर पदवी)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oem.com.mx/estO/notas/n1256813.htm|title=Conmebol condecoró a Bachelet|publisher=Oem.com.mx|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011134255/http://www.oem.com.mx/estO/notas/n1256813.htm|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011134255/http://www.oem.com.mx/estO/notas/n1256813.htm |date=11 October 2012 }}</ref> यस्तो सम्मान पाउने उनी पहिलो महिला हुन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/bachelet-recibio-el-gran-collar-extraordinario-del-futbol-sudamericano/prontus_nots/2009-07-23/125758.html|title=Bachelet recibió el "Gran Collar Extraordinario" del Fútbol Sudamericano|publisher=Cooperativa.cl|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063540/http://www.cooperativa.cl/bachelet-recibio-el-gran-collar-extraordinario-del-futbol-sudamericano/prontus_nots/2009-07-23/125758.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Lisbon|लिसबन]] सहरको चाबी (डिसेम्बर २००९)। * [[Chilectra|चिलेक्ट्रा]]द्वारा २०१० को 'इनर्जी अफ वुमन' अवार्ड्समा 'द्विशताब्दीकी महिला' (अप्रिल २०१०)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/ex-presidenta-bachelet-recibira-el-premio-mujer-del-bicentenario/prontus_nots/2010-04-08/155409.html|title=Ex Presidenta Bachelet recibirá el premio "Mujer del Bicentenario"|publisher=Cooperativa.cl|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063902/http://www.cooperativa.cl/ex-presidenta-bachelet-recibira-el-premio-mujer-del-bicentenario/prontus_nots/2010-04-08/155409.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * प्रगतिशील महिला महासंघको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पुरस्कार (स्पेन, नोभेम्बर २०१०)। * मियामी सहरको चाबी (नोभेम्बर २०१०)। * फ्लोरिडाको द्वि-राष्ट्रिय चेम्बर्स अफ कमर्सको विश्वव्यापी व्यापारमा नेतृत्वका लागि २०१० को पुरस्कार (नोभेम्बर २०१०)।<ref name="miamigov1"/> * सदस्य, [[Inter-American Dialogue|इन्टर-अमेरिकन डाइलग]] (सन् २०१० देखि)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/michelle-bachelet/|title=Inter-American Dialogue {{!}} Michelle Bachelet|website=www.thedialogue.org|date=31 March 2016 |access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414081428/http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/michelle-bachelet/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Washington Office on Latin America|वासिङ्टन अफिस अन ल्याटिन अमेरिका]]को मानव अधिकार पुरस्कार (नोभेम्बर २०१०)। * [[Women's eNews|वुमेन्स ई-न्यूज]]को 'दशककी न्युजमेकर' पुरस्कार (मे २०११)। * [[Ministry of Defense (Argentina)|अर्जेन्टिनाको रक्षा मन्त्रालय]]को पहिलो 'जनरल जुआना अजुरदुई' पुरस्कार (अप्रिल २०१२)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2012/04/25/bachelet-recibe-distincion-del-ministerio-de-defensa-argentino-por-su-lucha-a-favor-de-la-igualdad-de-genero|title=Bachelet recibe distinción del Ministerio de Defensa argentino por su lucha a favor de la igualdad de género|publisher=EFE via El Mostrador|date=25 April 2012|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=20 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520213622/http://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2012/04/25/bachelet-recibe-distincion-del-ministerio-de-defensa-argentino-por-su-lucha-a-favor-de-la-igualdad-de-genero/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Eisenhower Fellowships|आइजनहावर फेलोसिप्स]]को [[Eisenhower Fellowships#The Eisenhower Medal for Leadership and Service|नेतृत्व र सेवाका लागि आइजनहावर पदक]] (मे २०१२)। * २०१२ – ''फरेन पोलिसी'' पत्रिकाद्वारा वर्षका "१० सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली आइबेरो-अमेरिकी बुद्धिजीवीहरू" मा पर्न सफल। * उनी सन् २०१७ को [[BBC's 100 Women|बिबिसीका १०० महिलाहरू]]मध्ये एकको रूपमा मान्यता प्राप्त भइन्।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-09-27 |title=BBC 100 Women 2017: Who is on the list? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-41380265 |access-date=31 July 2026}}</ref> * सन् २०२४ को लागि [[Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development|शान्ति, निशस्त्रीकरण र विकासका लागि इन्दिरा गान्धी पुरस्कार]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet to be conferred the Indira Gandhi Peace prize | work=The Hindu | date=6 December 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-president-of-chile-michelle-bachelet-to-be-conferred-the-indira-gandhi-peace-prize/article68956103.ece | access-date=31 July 2026 }}</ref> ===मानार्थ उपाधिहरू=== * [[University of Brasília|ब्राजिलिया विश्वविद्यालय]] (अप्रिल २००६)। * [[Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala|सान कार्लोस दे ग्वाटेमाला विश्वविद्यालय]] (मे २००७)। * [[University of Essex|एसेक्स विश्वविद्यालय]] (अप्रिल २००८)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essex.ac.uk/honorary_graduates/or/2008/michelle-bachelet-oration.aspx|title=Oration given on 3 April 2008, presented at the Canning House Annual Lecture|publisher=essex.ac.uk|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=24 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824221150/http://www.essex.ac.uk/honorary_graduates/or/2008/michelle-bachelet-oration.aspx/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Pompeu Fabra University|पोम्पियु फाब्रा विश्वविद्यालय]] (मे २०१०)। * [[National University of Córdoba|कोर्डोबाको राष्ट्रिय विश्वविद्यालय]] (जुन २०१०)।<ref name="cooperativacl">{{cite web|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/michelle-bachelet-recibira-doble-doctorado-honoris-causa-en-argentina/prontus_nots/2010-05-15/203252.html|title=Michelle Bachelet recibirá doble doctorado "honoris causa" en Argentina|publisher=Cooperativa.cl|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063318/http://www.cooperativa.cl/michelle-bachelet-recibira-doble-doctorado-honoris-causa-en-argentina/prontus_nots/2010-05-15/203252.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Catholic University of Córdoba|कोर्डोबाको क्याथोलिक विश्वविद्यालय]] (जुन २०१०)।<ref name="cooperativacl"/> * [[Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo|इन्टरनेसनल मेनेन्डेज पेलायो विश्वविद्यालय]] (सेप्टेम्बर २०१०)। * [[Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo|सान्तो डोमिङ्गो स्वायत्त विश्वविद्यालय]] (नोभेम्बर २०१०)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias_det.php?id=268527|title=UASD otorgará Doctorado Honoris Causa a Michelle Bachelet, ex presidenta de Chile|publisher=DiarioLibre.com|date=16 November 2010|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=1 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401085552/http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias_det.php?id=268527|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle|पेरिस ३ विश्वविद्यालय: सोर्बोन नुभेल]] (नोभेम्बर २०१०)।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univ-paris3.fr/65561474/0/fiche___pagelibre|title=Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris3 – Docteur Honoris Causa 2010 de l'Université Sorbonne Nouvelle|publisher=Univ-paris3.fr|access-date=31 July 2026|archive-date=24 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324055622/http://www.univ-paris3.fr/65561474/0/fiche___pagelibre/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324055622/http://www.univ-paris3.fr/65561474/0/fiche___pagelibre/ |date=24 March 2012 }}</ref> * [[Columbia University|कोलम्बिया विश्वविद्यालय]] (मे २०१२)। * [[Université de Montréal|मोन्ट्रियल विश्वविद्यालय]] (२०१२)।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://distinctions.umontreal.ca/luniversite-honore/doctorats-honoris-causa/doctorats-honoris-causa-2012/profil/udemportraits/f/michelle-bachelet-1/|title=Doctorats honoris causa 2012 - Michelle Bachelet|access-date=31 July 2026}}</ref> * [[Freiberg University of Mining and Technology|फाइबर्ग खनन र प्रविधि विश्वविद्यालय]] (अक्टोबर २०१४)।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tu-freiberg.de/presse/ehrenpromotion-fuer-staatspraesidentin-michelle-bachelet|title=Ehrenpromotion für Staatspräsidentin Michelle Bachelet|date=28 October 2014|access-date=31 July 2026|publisher=TU Freiberg|language=de|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406105114/https://tu-freiberg.de/presse/ehrenpromotion-fuer-staatspraesidentin-michelle-bachelet|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406105114/https://tu-freiberg.de/presse/ehrenpromotion-fuer-staatspraesidentin-michelle-bachelet |date=6 April 2020 }}</ref> * [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven|केयु लुभेन विश्वविद्यालय]] (जुन २०१५)। * [[University of Évora|इभोरा विश्वविद्यालय]] (मार्च २०१७)।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://expresso.sapo.pt/internacional/2017-03-30-Presidente-chilena-recebe-doutoramento-Honoris-Causa-em-Evora |title=Presidente chilena recebe doutoramento Honoris Causa em Évora |access-date=31 July 2026 |publisher=Expresso |language=pt |archive-date=30 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330114937/http://expresso.sapo.pt/internacional/2017-03-30-Presidente-chilena-recebe-doutoramento-Honoris-Causa-em-Evora |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330114937/http://expresso.sapo.pt/internacional/2017-03-30-Presidente-chilena-recebe-doutoramento-Honoris-Causa-em-Evora |date=2017-03-30 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4087510.stm "The woman taking Chile's top job"] (BBC News) dji2n3tgre9ab1oebmya5xox73jnyvx 0 151089 1368394 1368187 2026-08-04T02:56:45Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|अमेरिकी महिला व्यवसायी, पूर्व व्यावसायिक कुस्ती खेलाडी तथा कुस्ती प्रबन्धक (जन्म १९७६)}} {{Infobox person | name = स्टेफनी मिकम्यान | image = Stephanie McMahon November 2018 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = सन् २०१८ मा मिकम्यान | birth_name = स्टेफनी मेरी मिकम्यान | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|9|24}} | birth_place = [[हार्टफोर्ड, कनेक्टिकट]], अमेरिका | alma_mater = [[बोस्टन विश्वविद्यालय]] ([[विज्ञान स्नातक|बिएस]]) | occupation = {{flatlist|व्यवसायी<br> व्यावसायिक कुस्ती खेलाडी }} | political_party = [[रिपब्लिकन पार्टी (अमेरिका)|रिपब्लिकन पार्टी]] | title = {{plainlist|[[कोनर्स केयर]]की सह-संस्थापक<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghmagazine.com/Best-of-the-Burgh-Blogs/The-412/June-2014/WWEs-Triple-H-and-Stephanie-McMahon-Launch-Connors-Cure-Charity/|title=WWE's Triple H and Stephanie McMahon Launch 'Connor's Cure' Charity|date=June 24, 2014|work=pittsburghmagazine.com|access-date=February 28, 2015|archive-date=September 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911061651/http://www.pittsburghmagazine.com/Best-of-the-Burgh-Blogs/The-412/June-2014/WWEs-Triple-H-and-Stephanie-McMahon-Launch-Connors-Cure-Charity/|url-status=live}}</ref> }} | years_active = {{plainlist|सन् १९८९–वर्तमान (व्यवसाय) <br>सन् १९९८–२०१८ (कुस्ती) }} | boards = {{indented plainlist| [[एड काउन्सिल]] (सन् २०२०–वर्तमान)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleedingcool.com/tv/wwe-cbo-stephanie-mcmahon-joins-ad-council-to-drive-social-change/|title=WWE CBO Stephanie McMahon Joins Ad Council to Drive Social Change|work=Bleeding Cool|date=April 28, 2020|access-date=September 25, 2022|archive-date=September 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925221017/https://bleedingcool.com/tv/wwe-cbo-stephanie-mcmahon-joins-ad-council-to-drive-social-change/|url-status=live}}</ref> पिट्सबर्ग बाल अस्पताल फाउन्डेसन (सन् २०१५–वर्तमान)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://community.wwe.com/hope/news/stephanie-mcmahon-joins-childrens-hospital-pittsburgh-foundation-board-trustees|title=Stephanie McMahon joins Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Foundation Board of Trustees|work=WWE Community|access-date=September 25, 2022|archive-date=September 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925221029/https://community.wwe.com/hope/news/stephanie-mcmahon-joins-childrens-hospital-pittsburgh-foundation-board-trustees|url-status=live}}</ref> युएसओ मेट्रोपोलिटन वासिङ्टन (सन् २०११–वर्तमान)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usometrodc.org/page.php?p=65|title=Home|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714134125/http://www.usometrodc.org/page.php?p=65|archive-date=July 14, 2014|work=usometrodc.org}}</ref> [[डब्ल्यूडब्ल्यूई]] (सन् २०१५–२०२३)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2015/wwe-elects-stephanie-mcmahon-paul-levesque-and-robyn-peterson-to-b-o-d|title=WWE Elects Stephanie McMahon, Paul Levesque and Robyn Peterson to B.O.D.|work=WWE Corporate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226202651/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2015/wwe-elects-stephanie-mcmahon-paul-levesque-and-robyn-peterson-to-b-o-d|archive-date=February 26, 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226202651/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2015/wwe-elects-stephanie-mcmahon-paul-levesque-and-robyn-peterson-to-b-o-d |date=February 26, 2015 }}</ref> }} | spouse = {{Marriage|[[ट्रिपल एच|पल लभेक]]|October 25, 2003}} | children = ३ | parents = {{ubli|[[भिन्स मिकम्यान]]|[[लिन्डा मिकम्यान|लिन्डा]]}} | family = [[मिकम्यान परिवार]] | website = | module = {{Infobox professional wrestler |child = yes |ring_names = {{ubli|'''स्टेफनी मिकम्यान'''<ref name="OWOW"/>|स्टेफनी म्याकमोहन-हेल्म्सले<ref name="OWOW"/>}} |height = {{height|ft=5|in=8}}<ref name=cagematch>{{cite web|title=Stephanie McMahon|url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=463&name=Stephanie+McMahon|publisher=CAGEMATCH.net|access-date=June 1, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406002821/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=463&name=Stephanie+McMahon|url-status=live}}</ref> |weight = {{convert|143|lb|kg}}<ref name=cagematch/> |billed = [[ग्रिनविच, कनेक्टिकट]] |debut = जुन २७, १९९८ |retired = [[रेसलमेनिया ३४|अप्रिल ८, २०१८]] }} | signature = Stephanie McMahon signature.png }} '''स्टेफनी मेरी मिकम्यान लभेक'''<ref name=rxmuscleInterview>{{cite web|last=Palumbo|first=Dave|title=Stephanie Levesque: First Daughter of the WWE, Super Mom of 3, Woman with Food Demons!|url=http://www.rxmuscle.com/articles/bios-a-interviews/4792-stephanie-levesque-first-daughter-of-the-wwe,-super-mom-of-3,-woman-with-food-demons.html|work=RXMuscle|access-date=December 30, 2011|archive-date=March 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200903/http://rxmuscle.com/articles/bios-a-interviews/4792-stephanie-levesque-first-daughter-of-the-wwe,-super-mom-of-3,-woman-with-food-demons.html|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200903/http://rxmuscle.com/articles/bios-a-interviews/4792-stephanie-levesque-first-daughter-of-the-wwe,-super-mom-of-3,-woman-with-food-demons.html |date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|k|ˈ|m|æ|n||l|ə|ˈ|v|ɛ|k}} {{respell|mək|MAN||lə|VEK}}; {{née|'''मिकम्यान'''}}; जन्म सेप्टेम्बर २४, १९७६)<ref name="OWOW">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/s/stephanie-mcmahon.html|title=Stephanie McMahon Profile|access-date=May 1, 2008|publisher=Online World of Wrestling|archive-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730035237/http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/s/stephanie-mcmahon.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> एक अमेरिकी महिला व्यवसायी तथा सेवानिवृत्त व्यावसायिक कुस्ती खेलाडी हुन्। उनी सन् १९९८ र २०२३ को बीचमा [[डब्ल्यूडब्ल्यूई]] भित्रका विभिन्न भूमिकाहरूका लागि परिचित छिन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/stephanie-mcmahon-resigns-wwe-1235484593/|title=Stephanie McMahon Resigns as Co-CEO of WWE|work=Variety|language=EN|date=January 10, 2023|access-date=January 10, 2023|archive-date=January 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110234938/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/stephanie-mcmahon-resigns-wwe-1235484593/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[भिन्स मिकम्यान|भिन्स]] र [[लिन्डा मिकम्यान]]की छोरी, उनी [[मिकम्यान परिवार]]को सदस्यको रूपमा चौथो पुस्ताकी कुस्ती प्रवर्द्धक हुन्। उनले १३ वर्षको उमेरमा डब्ल्यूडब्ल्यूईको लागि काम गर्न सुरु गरेकी थिइन् भने त्यसबेला उनले क्याटलगको लागि मर्चेन्डाइजको मोडेलिङ पनि गर्दै थिइन्। मिकम्यानले सन् १९९९ मा [[द अन्डरटेकर]]सँगको कथानकको एक भागको रूपमा डब्ल्यूडब्ल्यूई (त्यतिबेला विश्व कुस्ती महासङ्घ (डब्ल्यूडब्ल्यूएफ)) को लागि नियमित रूपमा प्रसारणमा देखा पर्न थालिन्। [[टेस्ट (कुस्ती खेलाडी)|टेस्ट]]सँगको पर्दामा सङ्क्षिप्त सम्बन्ध पछि, मिकम्यानको [[ट्रिपल एच]]सँग संलग्नता भएको थियो जसलाई उनले पर्दामा र पछि वास्तविक जीवनमा पनि विवाह गरेकी थिइन्। उनले डब्ल्युडब्ल्युएफ महिला उपाधि एकपटक जितेकी थिइन्। सन् २००१ मा, उनी [[द इन्भेजन (व्यावसायिक कुस्ती)|द इन्भेजन]]को समयमा [[एक्स्ट्रिम च्याम्पियनसिप रेस्लिङ]]की मालिक थिइन्। अर्को वर्ष, उनी स्म्याकडाउनको महाप्रबन्धक थिइन्, तर आफ्नो बुबा सँगको [["आई क्विट" खेल]] पछि उनी नियमित रूपमा टेलिभिजनमा देखा पर्न छाडेकी थिइन्। धेरै वर्षसम्म केवल छिटपुट उपस्थितिहरू गरेपछि, मिकम्यानले सन् २००८ मा ''[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई र|र]]''मा सामान्य प्रबन्धकको रूपमा नियमित रूपमा प्रसारणमा फर्किएको केही समयपछि पुनः अनुपस्थित भएकी थिइन्। उनी सन् २०१३ मा उनी नियमित रूपमा पर्दामा फर्किँदै यसपटक न्याय गर्ने, धम्की दिने मालिकको व्यक्तित्वको साथमा पर्दाकी प्रमुख सञ्चालन अधिकारी ट्रिपल एचपछिको प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व थिइन्। एक शक्ति जोडीको रूपमा, उनीहरूले [[द अथोरिटी (व्यावसायिक कुस्ती)|द अथोरिटी]] गुट गठन गरेका थिए जसले प्रायः छायाँमा रहेका आदेशहरू अन्य समूह सदस्यहरूलाई दिने गर्दथे भने उनीहरूले "व्यवसायको लागि यो कार्य उत्तम रहेको" भनी बताउँदै र[सार्वजनिक स्नेहको प्रदर्शनमा संलग्न हुन्थे। मिकम्यानले अप्रिल २०१८ मा [[रेसलमेनिया ३४]]मा आफ्नो अन्तिम इन-रिङ खेल खेलेकी थिइन् जसपछि उनले कम्पनी भित्र कार्यकारी भूमिकाहरूमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गर्न जारी राखिन्। मिकम्यानको व्यावसायिक जीवन न्युयोर्कमा डब्ल्युडब्ल्युएफ कार्यालयहरूको लागि लेखा कार्यकारीको रूपमा सुरु भएको थियो भने त्यसपछि उनी कम्पनीकी मुख्य लेखिका र रचनात्मक लेखन निर्देशक बनेकी थिइन्। सन् २००६ मा, उनी रचनात्मक लेखनको वरिष्ठ उपाध्यक्षमा पदोन्नति भइन्। एक वर्षपछि, उनी रचनात्मककी कार्यकारी उपाध्यक्ष बनिन्। सन् २०१३ देखि २०२२ सम्म, मिकम्यानले कम्पनीकी प्रमुख ब्रान्ड अधिकारीको रूपमा सेवा गरिन्। जुलाई २०२२ मा, उनको बुबाको यौन तस्करी र उत्पीडनको आरोप र मुखबन्दी पैसा तिरेको कारणले अवकाश पछि मिकम्यानलाई सङ्क्षिप्त रूपमा प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकारी र अध्यक्षा र पछि [[निक खान]]सँगै डब्ल्युडब्ल्युईको सह-प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकारी नामित गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=WWE & Board of Directors Announce New CO-CEOs Stephanie McMahon and Nick Khan|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-news/2022/07-25-2022|access-date=January 11, 2023|publisher=WWE|language=en|archive-date=July 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725131535/https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-news/2022/07-25-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले जनवरी २०२३ मा आफ्नो बुबाको कम्पनीमा फिर्ता पछि डब्ल्युडब्ल्युईबाट राजीनामा दिएकी थिइन्। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} t61hijlih4y28xjy5meqfottdq5rzoc 0 151101 1368386 1368250 2026-08-03T22:17:28Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1368386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodybuilder | name = रोनी कोलम्यान | image = Ronnie Coleman Invited Guest.jpg | caption =सन् २०१४ मा रोनी कोलम्यान | nickname = द किङ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|05|13}} | birth_place = मोनरो, [[लुइजियाना]], [[अमेरिका]] | height = {{convert|5|ft|11|in|cm|abbr=on}}<ref name="RonnieBio">{{cite web|title=Ronnie Coleman|url=http://www.bodybuildingpro.com/ronniecoleman.html|website=bodybuildingpro.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808022900/http://www.bodybuildingpro.com/ronniecoleman.html|archive-date=August 8, 2020|access-date=March 20, 2022}}</ref> | weight = Contest: {{convert|287-300|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}<br />Off season: {{convert|315-330|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="RonnieBio"/><ref name="bb">{{cite web |title=Ronnie Coleman Pro Bodybuilding Profile |url=https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/bodybuilders-ronnie.htm |website=Bodybuilding.com |access-date=March 30, 2022 |language=en |date=October 11, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307233331/https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/bodybuilders-ronnie.htm |date=March 7, 2021 }}</ref><ref name="FitnessVolt">{{cite web |last=Hall |first=Derek |date=November 7, 2021 |url=https://fitnessvolt.com/ronnie-coleman-330lb-mass-monster/ |title=Ronnie Coleman Flashes Back To Time As A 330lb Mass Monster: 'This Is The Biggest I've Ever Been!' |website=Fitness volt |access-date=March 30, 2022}}</ref> | firstproshow = आईएफबिबि आईएफबीबी विश्व एमेच्योर च्याम्पियनसिप | firstproshowyear = १९९२ | bestwin = मिस्टर ओलम्पिया | bestwinyear = १९९८–२००५ | predecessor = | successor = | yesorretiredyear = }} '''रोनाल्ड डिन कोलम्यान''' (जन्म: मे १३, १९६४) एक अमेरिकी पूर्व व्यावसायिक बडीबिल्डर हुन्, उनलाई सबै समयका महान् बडीबिल्डरमध्ये एक मानिन्छ। '''"द किङ"''' उपनामले परिचित कोलम्यानले लि ह्यानलीसँग संयुक्त रूपमा सर्वाधिक आठ पटक '''मिस्टर ओलम्पिया''' उपाधि जित्ने कीर्तिमान कायम गरेका छन्। उनले लगातार आठ वर्षसम्म मिस्टर ओलम्पिया सहित आईएफबिबिका २६ वटा व्यासायिक उपाधि जितेका छन्। उत्कृष्ट शारीरिक आकार, उच्चस्तरीय मांसपेशीको परिभाषा, प्रभावशाली शरीरका विभिन्न अंगहरूको विकास तथा अत्यन्तै भारी तौलका प्रशिक्षणका लागि उनी प्रसिद्ध छन्, जसका कारण उनलाई सबै समयका सबैभन्दा शक्तिशाली मिस्टर ओलम्पिया मानिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Greg Merritt |date=May 24, 2022 |title=THE 9 STRONGEST BODYBUILDERS OF ALL TIME |url=https://www.muscleandfitness.com/flexonline/ifbb/9-strongest-bodybuilders-all-time/ |access-date=May 24, 2022 |website=Muscleandfitness.com}}</ref> कोलम्यानलाई सन् २०१६ मा '''इन्टरनेसनल स्पोर्ट्स हल अफ फेम'''मा समावेश गरिएको थियो। सन् २०२१ मा उनलाई '''अर्नोल्ड क्लासिक लाइफटाइम अचिभमेन्ट अवार्ड'''बाट सम्मानित गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roger Lockridge |date=September 26, 2021 |title=Eight-Time Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman Receives Arnold Classic Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://barbend.com/ronnie-coleman-2021-arnold-classic-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.barbend.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229051515/https://barbend.com/ronnie-coleman-2021-arnold-classic-lifetime-achievement-award/ |date=February 29, 2024 }}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == '''रोनी डिन कोलम्यान'''को जन्म मे १३, १९६४ मा [[अमेरिका]]को [[लुइजियाना]] राज्यको मोनरोमा एड कोलम्यान र जेसी बेन्टन कोलम्यानका सन्तानका रूपमा भएको थियो। उनको पालनपोषण कडा परिश्रम र प्रतिबद्धतालाई महत्त्व दिने परिवारमा भएको थियो। उनले सन् १९८९ मा ग्राम्बलिंग प्रादेशिक विश्वविद्यालयबाट लेखाशास्त्रमा स्नातक उपाधि कम लाउडे प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विश्वविद्यालयमा अध्ययनरत रहँदा उनले ग्राम्बलिंग प्रादेशिक विश्वविद्यालय फुटबल टोलीबाट हल अफ फेम प्रशिक्षक एडि रोविनसनको प्रशिक्षणमा मिडल लाइनब्याकरका रूपमा वाक-अन खेलाडी भएर खेलेका थिए। स्नातक गरेपछि उनले लेखापालको रूपमा काम पाउन सकेनन् र त्यसको सट्टा डोमिनोज पिज्जामा काम गर्न थाले। आर्थिक अवस्था अत्यन्त कमजोर भएकाले कार्यालयबाहिर खानासमेत किन्न गाह्रो पर्ने हुँदा उनले त्यहाँ काम गर्दा उपलब्ध हुने निःशुल्क पिज्जा दैनिक खाने गर्थे। त्यसपछि उनी अमेरिकाको टेक्सास राज्यको आर्लिङ्टन नगरमा प्रहरी अधिकारी बनेका थिए। उनले सन् १९८९ देखि २००० सम्म नियमित प्रहरी अधिकारीका रूपमा सेवा गरे र त्यसपछि सन् २००३ सम्म जगेडा प्रहरी अधिकारीका रूपमा कार्यरत रहे।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Elizabeth |date=April 10, 2012 |title=Appeals court rules Arlington sperm donor doesn't owe child support |url=http://www.star-telegram.com/2012/04/09/3871461/appeals-court-rules-arlington.html#storylink=cpy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015538/http://www.star-telegram.com/2012/04/09/3871461/appeals-court-rules-arlington.html#storylink=cpy |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |access-date=September 13, 2013 |website=star-telegram.com}}</ref> कोलम्यानका साथी अधिकारी गुस्ताभो अर्लोट्टाले उनलाई एमेच्योर बडीबिल्डर ब्रायन डबसनको स्वामित्वमा रहेको 'मेट्रोफ्लेक्स जिम' मा भाग लिन सुझाउ दिए। डोब्सनले कोलम्यानलाई निःशुल्क आजीवन सदस्यता प्रस्ताव गरे यदि उनले डोब्सनलाई आगामी 1990 मिस्टर टेक्सास बडीबिल्डिङ प्रतियोगिताका लागि तालिम दिन अनुमति दिए। श्री टेक्सासका लागि प्रशिक्षणपछि कोलम्यानले हेभिवेट र समग्र दुवै विधामा पहिलो स्थान प्राप्त गरे। उनले डोब्सनलाई पनि हराउन सफल भए। त्यसपछि उनले 1990 एनपीसी नेसनलमा भाग लिए, हेभिवेट डिभिजनमा तेस्रो स्थान जिते। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६४ मा जन्म]] 3mfxydzwtstqofzibupbjllutsehxq8 0 151113 1368360 1368339 2026-08-03T14:01:29Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* */ 1368360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = <!-- Do not put "His Excellency" or similar titles here, per [[MOS:HONORIFIC]] --> | name = ली जे म्युङ <!--Do not add the native_name parameter; redundant with Infobox Korean name below, see [[MOS:KO-INFOBOX]] -->| image = President Lee Jae Myung 20260306.jpg <!--Do not change the image without consensus on talk page first--> | caption = | office = १४ औं राष्ट्रपति, दक्षिण कोरिया | prime_minister = | term_start = ४ जुन २०२५ | term_end = | predecessor = {{ubl | [[यून सुक योल]] | ली जु-हो (कार्यबाहक) }} | successor = | birth_date = {{circa|{{birth date and age|df=y|1963|12|8}}}}{{efn|name="birthdate"}} | birth_place = [[Andong]], दक्षिण कोरिया | death_date = | party = [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)|Democratic]] (since 2015) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Kim Hea Kyung]]|1991}} | children = २ | education = {{ubl | [[Chung-Ang University]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | [[Gachon University]] ([[Master of Public Administration|MPA]]) }} | occupation = {{hlist|राजनीतिज्ञ|वकिल|लेखक}} | signature = 이재명 서명.svg | website = }} '''ली जे म्युङ''' ({{Korean/auto|이재명|ko_ipa=i.dʑɛ.mjʌŋ}} जन्म ८ डिसेम्बर १९६३ एक दक्षिण कोरियाली राजनीतिज्ञ र वकिल हुन् जसले २०२५ देखि [[दक्षिण कोरिया]]को १४ औं राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा सेवा गर्दै आएका छन्। ।{{Efn|It is believed that Lee was born around this date; Lee's father registered his birth date late. Lee's legal birth date is 22 December 1964, but this was arbitrarily selected by his father.<ref name="Chosun birthdate" />|name="birthdate"}} <span> </span>डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी अफ कोरिया का सदस्य, उनी २०२२ देखि २०२५ सम्म राष्ट्रिय सभाको सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा गर्दा पार्टीका नेता थिए। लीले यसअघि २०१८ देखि २०२१ सम्म ग्योन्गीको गभर्नर र २०१० देखि २०१८ सम्म सेओङनामको मेयरको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। अन्डोङको गरिब परिवारमा जन्मेका लीले माध्यमिक विद्यालयमा पढ्नुको सट्टा सानो उमेरमा सेओङ्गनाम कारखानामा काम गर्न थाले। [[Category:Pages with Korean IPA]] == राष्ट्रपति (सन् २०२५ -वर्तमान) == [[चित्र:The_Inauguration_Ceremony_of_the_21st_President_of_Republic_of_Korea_(54566787254).jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|४ जुन २०२५ मा राष्ट्रिय सभाको रोटुन्डा हलमा राष्ट्रपति पदको शपथ लिँदै ली।]] लीले ४ जुन २०२५ मा ११:०० बजे शपथ लिएका थिए।<ref name="becomesskpresident">{{cite news|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250604105800315?section=image/general|title=Lee sworn in as S. Korean president|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604041221/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250604105800315?section=image/general|archive-date=4 June 2025|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-liberal-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-economic-revival-judgement-2025-06-03/|title=South Korea's new President Lee vows to revive democracy from 'near demise'|last1=Park|first1=Ju-Min|date=2 January 2024|work=Reuters|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604032007/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-liberal-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-economic-revival-judgement-2025-06-03/|archive-date=4 June 2025|last2=Kim|first2=Hyunsu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="swearingin">{{cite news|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/lee-jae-myung-to-take-presidential-oath-at-national-assembly-at-11-am|title=Lee Jae Myung to take presidential oath at National Assembly at 11 am|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604033534/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/lee-jae-myung-to-take-presidential-oath-at-national-assembly-at-11-am|archive-date=4 June 2025|publisher=The Korea Times|url-status=live}}</ref> शपथ ग्रहण समारोह, राष्ट्रिय सभाको रोटुन्डा हलमा आयोजना गरिएको थियो। समारोहमा लीले राष्ट्रको सम्बोधन पनि गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/s-koreas-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-to-end-divisive-politics-in-inaugural-speech|title=New president vows to unite divided nation in inaugural address|last=Park|first=Anna J.|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604061436/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/s-koreas-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-to-end-divisive-politics-in-inaugural-speech|archive-date=4 June 2025|publisher=The Korea Times|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="becomesskpresident2">{{cite news|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250604105800315?section=image/general|title=Lee sworn in as S. Korean president|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604041221/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250604105800315?section=image/general|archive-date=4 June 2025|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="swearingin2">{{cite news|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/lee-jae-myung-to-take-presidential-oath-at-national-assembly-at-11-am|title=Lee Jae Myung to take presidential oath at National Assembly at 11 am|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604033534/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/lee-jae-myung-to-take-presidential-oath-at-national-assembly-at-11-am|archive-date=4 June 2025|publisher=The Korea Times|url-status=live}}</ref> शपथ ग्रहण गर्नुअघि, लीले आफ्नो "पहिलो आधिकारिक कार्यक्रम" मानिने क्रममा सियोल राष्ट्रिय चिहानमा "सँगै बस्ने संसार" श्रद्धाञ्जलीमा भाग लिए। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mk.co.kr/en/politics/11334034|title=The first official schedule emphasizes the 'world of living together' in the guest book for visiting the Seoul National Cemetery|last=Hyeongmin|first=Jeon|date=4 June 2025|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604061436/https://www.mk.co.kr/en/politics/11334034|archive-date=4 June 2025|publisher=Maeli Business Newspaper}}</ref> === विदेश नीति === ==== चिन ==== लीले चीनसँगको सम्बन्ध सुधार गर्नमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेका छन्, जुन उनका पूर्ववर्ती युन सुक येओलको समयमा तुलनात्मक रूपमा बिग्रिएको थियो, जसले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको घनिष्ठ सम्बन्धलाई प्राथमिकता दिएका थिए।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/11/09/south-koreas-new-president-is-fixing-relations-with-america-japan-and-china|title=South Korea's new president is fixing relations with America, Japan and China|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=14 November 2025|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०२५ मा, उनले दक्षिण कोरियामा [[जनवादी गणतन्त्र चीनका सर्वोच्च नेता|चिनियाँ नेता]] [[सि जिनपिङ|सी जिनपिङ]]लाई स्वागत गरे; यो २०१४ पछि सीको दक्षिण कोरियाको पहिलो भ्रमण थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-01/xi-lee-will-hold-talks-in-south-korea-saturday-to-rebuild-ties|title=Xi Renews China-Korea Ties With Lee on First Visit in 11 Years|last1=Choi|first1=Soo-hyang|date=1 November 2025|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|access-date=2 November 2025|last2=Mayger|first2=James}}</ref>जनवरी २०२६ मा लीको चीन भ्रमणको प्रतिफल थियो, जुन २०१९ पछि दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपतिको पहिलो भ्रमण थियो। भ्रमणको क्रममा, लीले "दक्षिण कोरिया-चीन सम्बन्धको पूर्ण-स्तरीय पुनर्स्थापना" को लागि आह्वान गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2026 |title=South Korea's Lee Jae Myung seeks 'new phase' in ties with China at Xi Jinping meeting |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c70lw9x581no |access-date=9 January 2026 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> भ्रमणको क्रममा, उनले दक्षिण कोरियामा चीन विरोधी भावना र दक्षिण कोरियामा चुनावी धाँधलीमा चीनको संलग्नताको बारेमा षड्यन्त्र सिद्धान्त फैलाउनेहरूको आलोचना गरे, जसलाई उनले "चिनियाँ जनतालाई रिस उठाए र उनीहरूलाई कोरियाबाट पछाडि फर्काउन प्रेरित गरे" भने। उनले भने कि चीन विरोधी भावनाले देशलाई हानि पुर्‍यायो किनकि यसले चीनमा कोरियाली विरोधी भावनालाई बढावा दियो, जसले गर्दा कोरियाली सामान र उत्पादनहरूको उपभोक्ता बहिष्कार भयो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Hyun-kyung |date=9 January 2026 |title=Korea and China at odds: Lee defends China, calls out Koreans over mutual hostility |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/foreignaffairs/others/20260109/korea-and-china-at-odds-lee-defends-china-scolds-koreans-over-mutual-hostility |access-date=9 January 2026 |website=[[The Korea Times]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== उत्तर कोरिया ==== ११ जुन २०२५ मा, लीले उत्तर कोरिया विरोधी कार्यकर्ताहरूलाई बेलुनबाट उत्तरमा पर्चा पठाउन प्रतिबन्ध लगाए। उनले सेनालाई उत्तर कोरियासँगको सीमापार [[लाउड स्पिकर|लाउडस्पीकर]] प्रचार प्रसारण रोक्न पनि आदेश दिए, दक्षिण कोरियाले सम्बन्ध सुधार गर्ने प्रयासमा आधा शताब्दीभन्दा बढी समयदेखि यस्तै प्रचार प्रसार गर्दै आएका सर्टवेभ रेडियो प्रसारणहरू पनि बन्द गर्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2025 |title=한국과 북한, 확성기 방송 중지에 담긴 의미는? |url=https://www.bbc.com/korean/articles/c4gr1jg8515o |access-date=8 August 2025 |website=BBC News 코리아 |language=ko}}</ref> उत्तर कोरियाले केही घण्टा पछि दक्षिणतर्फ आफ्नै प्रचार लाउडस्पीकरहरू बन्द गरेर प्रतिक्रिया दियो।<ref>{{Cite web |author=권혁철 |date=12 June 2025 |title=북, 대남 '소음 방송' 멈췄다…이 대통령 확성기 중단에 호응했나 |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/defense/1202391.html |access-date=8 August 2025 |website=한겨레 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250613117500504|title=북, 40여곳에서 틀던 대남 소음방송 이틀째 중지 {{!}} 연합뉴스|author=김철선|date=13 June 2025|work=연합뉴스|access-date=8 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613100744/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250613117500504|archive-date=13 June 2025|language=ko-KR|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=조선일보 |date=12 June 2025 |title=대북 확성기 끄자... 北도 대남 소음 방송 멈췄다 |url=https://www.chosun.com/politics/diplomacy-defense/2025/06/12/67TIWEQX3ZHMXJN3XGKFFB4WBA/ |access-date=8 August 2025 |website=조선일보 |language=ko}}</ref> लीले उत्तर कोरियाको प्रतिक्रियाका लागि कृतज्ञता व्यक्त गर्दै सम्बन्धमा सुधारको आशा पनि व्यक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250703122000504?section=politics/all|title=남북관계 "길게 보겠다"는 李대통령…北인권문제엔 말 아껴 {{!}} 연합뉴스|last=하채림|date=3 July 2025|work=연합뉴스|access-date=8 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703093438/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250703122000504?section=politics/all|archive-date=3 July 2025|language=ko-KR}}</ref> ==== जापान ==== [[चित्र:20251031_Sanae_Takaichi_at_the_APEC_South_Korea_2025_(4).jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|३१ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा APEC दक्षिण कोरिया २०२५ शिखर सम्मेलनमा जापानी प्रधानमन्त्री [[सानाए ताकाइची|साने ताकाइची]]सँग ली जे म्युङ]] विगतमा जापानको बारेमा उनको आलोचनात्मक बयानका बावजुद, लीले सामान्यतया राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा जापानसँग सुधारिएको सम्बन्ध कायम राख्नमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेका छन्।<ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/11/09/south-koreas-new-president-is-fixing-relations-with-america-japan-and-china|title=South Korea's new president is fixing relations with America, Japan and China|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=14 November 2025|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> ==== संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका ==== [[चित्र:President_Donald_Trump_hosts_a_bilateral_meeting_with_President_Lee_Jae-myung_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_(54748578568).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|२५ अगस्ट २०२५ मा ओभल अफिसमा अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]सँग ली]] २५ अगस्ट २०२५ मा, लीले अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पसँगको द्विपक्षीय बैठकमा भाग लिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-news-updates-8-25-2025|title=Live updates: Trump hosts South Korea's new leader, Lee Jae Myung, for a trade summit|date=25 August 2025|access-date=25 August 2025|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> २९ अक्टोबर २०२५ मा, लीले दक्षिण कोरियामा ट्रम्पलाई आतिथ्यता दिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/10/29/trump-gold-crown-south-korea/86959263007/|title=In South Korea, Trump gets a gold crown and highest state honor|last=Ramaswamy|first=Swampa Venugopal|date=29 October 2025|access-date=30 October 2025|publisher=USA Today}}</ref> १४ अप्रिल २०२६ मा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को बैठकमा, लीले उच्च तेलको मूल्यलाई विश्वव्यापी अर्थतन्त्रको लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण खतराको रूपमा उल्लेख गर्दै २०२६ को इरान युद्धमा संलग्न पक्षहरूलाई शान्तितर्फ "साहसी कदम" चाल्न आग्रह गरे, ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-lee-warns-middle-east-conflict-keep-oil-price-high-orders-quick-aid-2026-04-14/|title=South Korea's Lee warns Iran war to keep oil price high, orders quick aid rollout|last=Lee|first=Joyce|date=14 April 2026|work=Reuters}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:दक्षिण कोरियाका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६३ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:Articles with hAudio microformats]] bos7blprw34oy9qmu80ohnc15jhwcil 3 151115 1368370 2026-08-03T15:00:43Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[Template:Welcome|स्वागतम्]] 1368370 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, Pokhrelsusmitaज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|३०,०००]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Pokhrelsusmita|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४५, ३ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) 6z3uyha50brk4r624lsymu6mvkkiiwr 0 151116 1368377 2026-08-03T16:45:10Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 नयाँ लेख 1368377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{use Indian English|date=August 2026}} {{Infobox company | name = एभिन्यू सुपरमार्ट्स लिमिटेड | logo = | logo_size = 200px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = Dmart tirupati (cropped).jpg | image_size = 260px | image_alt = | image_caption = [[तिरुपति]]मा रहेको डीमार्टको एक पसल | trade_name = DMart | type = [[सार्वजनिक कम्पनी|सार्वजनिक]] | traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|540376}}|{{NSE|DMART}}}} | ISIN = INE192R01011 | industry = [[खुद्रा व्यापार]] | genre = {{ubl|[[सुपरमार्केट]]|[[हाइपरमार्केट]]}} | founded = {{Start date and age|2002|05|15|df=yes}} | founder = [[राधाकिशन दमानी]] | hq_location = [[पोवई]] | hq_location_city = [[मुम्बई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] | hq_location_country = भारत | num_locations = 500 | num_locations_year = अप्रिल २०२६ | area_served = भारत | key_people = {{plainlist| *[[राधाकिशन दमानी]] ([[अध्यक्ष]]) *अंशुल असावा ([[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत]])}} | products = | brands = | revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|59358|c}} (२०२५) | operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|4487|c}} (२०२५) | net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2707|c}} (२०२५) | assets = {{up}} {{INRConvert|24891|c}} (२०२५) | equity = {{up}} {{INRConvert|22230|c}} (२०२५) | num_employees = १३,९७१ स्थायी तथा<br />५९,९६१ करारमा कार्यरत (२०२४) | parent = | divisions = | subsidiaries = | website = {{URL|http://www.dmartindia.com/}} | footnotes = वित्तीय विवरण {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}} सम्मको।<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Release on financial results of the Company for the quarter and year ended 31st March, 2025 |url=https://api.dmartindia.com/corporate/content/file/v1/2/TDI1kRsO5MBfKRlbTLg2EVNq1746272142/Press%20release%20dated%203rd%20May,%202025.pdf |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Audited consolidated financial results for the quarter and year ended 31st March, 2025 |url=https://api.dmartindia.com/corporate/content/file/v1/2/s66CCzjOgkyssmkrawWgK7PZ1746270713/Outcome%20of%20Board%20Meeting%20held%20on%203rd%20May,%202025.pdf |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref> }} '''एभेन्यु सुपरमार्ट्स लिमिटेड''' (Avenue Supermarts Limited), [[व्यावसायिक नाम|डीमार्ट]] (DMart) नामबाट [[व्यवसाय सञ्चालन]] गर्ने भारतीय [[खुद्रा व्यापार|खुद्रा]] कम्पनी हो, जसले [[सुपरमार्केट]] तथा [[हाइपरमार्केट]]हरूको शृङ्खला सञ्चालन गर्छ। कम्पनीको स्थापना [[राधाकिशन दमानी]]ले गरेका हुन् र यसको मुख्यालय [[मुम्बई]]मा रहेको छ। मार्च २०२६ सम्ममा डीमार्टले भारतका १२ [[भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू|राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू]]मा कुल ४७९ वटा पसल सञ्चालन गरेको छ।<ref name="fy25">{{cite web |title=Avenue Supermarts Adds Eight New DMart Stores, Reaches 461 Outlets Nationwide |url=https://scanx.trade/stock-market-news/stocks/dmart-expands-footprint-with-new-store-opening-in-karnataka-total-store-count-reaches-479/34346785 |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Avenue Supermarts Adds Eight New DMart Stores Nationwide|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/markets/markets-news/Tipranks/647024/avenue-supermarts-adds-eight-new-dmart-stores-reaches-479-outlets-nationwide/#:~:text=The%20company%20primarily%20runs%20large,income%20consumers%20seeking%20competitive%20prices |publisher=The Globe and Mail |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref> मार्च २०२४ मा कम्पनीमा कुल १३,९७१ जना स्थायी कर्मचारी तथा करारमा नियुक्त ५९,९६१ जना कर्मचारी कार्यरत थिए।<ref name="fy24">{{cite web |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/14f569a2-0850-4e73-aa38-69494b1142cb.pdf |website=BSE |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=27 July 2024}}</ref> ==इतिहास== [[File:D-Mart.jpg|thumb|[[उडुपी]]को बाहिरी क्षेत्रमा रहेको डीमार्टको एक पसल।]] [[राधाकिशन दमानी]]द्वारा सन् २००० मा स्थापना गरिएको डीमार्टले सन् २००२ मा [[पोवई]], [[मुम्बई]]मा आफ्नो पहिलो पसल सञ्चालनमा ल्याएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Sanchita|last1=Dash|title=Radhakishan Damani has a string of challenges ahead of him and falling profits at DMart don't help|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/radhakishan-damani-has-a-string-of-challenges-ahead-of-him-and-fallihjjfuhelp/articleshow/76936913.cms|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Business Insider|date=13 July 2020|archive-date=11 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311063756/https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/radhakishan-damani-has-a-string-of-challenges-ahead-of-him-and-falling-profits-at-dmart-dont-help/articleshow/76936913.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="forbes">{{cite news |first1=Srivastava |last1=Samar |title=DMart: The Juggernaut Continues To Roll For India's Value Shop |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/boardroom/dmart-the-juggernaut-continues-to-roll-for-indias-value-shop/48457/1 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=Forbes India |date=23 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> प्रारम्भिक वर्षहरूमा कम्पनीले [[दैनिक न्यून मूल्य]] (everyday low price) रणनीति अपनाएको थियो<ref name="forbes"/> र "ढिलो विस्तार"को नीति अवलम्बन गरेको थियो। यसअन्तर्गत सन् २०१० सम्ममा [[महाराष्ट्र]] र [[गुजरात]]मा डीमार्टका २९ वटा पसल सञ्चालनमा आएका थिए। अन्य भारतीय सुपरमार्केटहरूले सामान्यतया ४,००० वर्गफुट क्षेत्रफलका सम्पत्तिहरू [[खुद्रा भाडामा लिने|भाडामा लिने]] गरे पनि डीमार्टले ३०,००० वर्गफुटसम्म क्षेत्रफल भएका तुलनात्मक रूपमा धेरै ठूला पसलहरू सञ्चालन गर्थ्यो, जसमध्ये अधिकांश सम्पत्ति कम्पनीकै स्वामित्वमा थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=Damani's D Mart mulls pan-India footprint |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/damani-s-d-mart-mulls-pan-india-footprint-110060400096_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=4 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211070455/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/damani-s-d-mart-mulls-pan-india-footprint-110060400096_1.html |archive-date=11 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Agarwal |first1=Sapna |title=D-Mart on expansion drive, looks to take leased premises route |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/opQm7BQ1OCuUdUESrn71sO/DMart-on-expansion-drive-looks-to-take-leased-premises-rou.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Mint |date=2 March 2010}}</ref> सन् २०१३ मा डीमार्टले [[महाराष्ट्र]] र [[गुजरात]]मा ६५ वटा पसल सञ्चालन गरिरहेको जनाएको थियो। साथै, अन्य राज्यहरूमा विस्तार गर्न थालेसँगै [[हैदराबाद]] र [[बेंगलुरु]]मा एक–एक वटा पसल सञ्चालनमा ल्याएको थियो। त्यस समयमा राजस्वका आधारमा डीमार्ट [[Reliance Retail|रिलायन्स रिटेल]] र [[Future Group|फ्युचर ग्रुप]]पछि भारतको तेस्रो ठूलो खुद्रा कम्पनी बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=D-Mart beats the Goliaths |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/d-mart-beats-the-goliaths-113071000948_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=10 July 2013}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०१६ मा डीमार्टका कुल ११२ वटा पसल सञ्चालनमा थिए। यस अवधिसम्म कम्पनीले [[तेलंगाना]], [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[मध्य प्रदेश]] र [[छत्तीसगढ]]मा समेत आफ्नो विस्तार गरिसकेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=How D-Mart battled the giants |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/how-d-mart-battled-the-giants-116100301095_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=3 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=D Mart sets sight on Rs 2,000-cr IPO |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/d-mart-aims-at-rs-2-000-cr-ipo-116091201014_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=13 September 2016}}</ref> डिसेम्बर २०१६ मा कम्पनीले '''डीमार्ट रेडी''' (DMart Ready) नामक आफ्नो [[ई-वाणिज्य]] व्यवसाय सुरु गर्‍यो, जसअन्तर्गत ग्राहकहरूले किराना तथा घरायसी सामग्रीहरू अनलाइन अर्डर गर्न सक्ने व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Avenue Supermarts to fully acquire e-commerce unit |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-avenue-supermarts-to-fully-acquire-e-commerce-unit-2578598 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DMart Ready FY22 revenue sees 2-fold rise at Rs 1,667.21 cr; loss widens to Rs 142.07 cr |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/business/story/dmart-ready-fy22-revenue-sees-2-fold-rise-at-rs-166721-cr-loss-widens-to-rs-14207-cr-342746-2022-07-26 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=Business Today |date=26 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> कम्पनीले मार्च २०१७ मा आफ्नो [[प्रारम्भिक सार्वजनिक निष्कासन]] (IPO) जारी गर्‍यो र [[भारतको राष्ट्रिय स्टक एक्सचेन्ज|राष्ट्रिय स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]] तथा [[बम्बई स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]]मा सूचीकृत भयो। २२ मार्च २०१७ मा भएको यसको सूचीकृत हुने दिन, डीमार्ट भारतको बजार मूल्यका आधारमा ६५औँ सबैभन्दा मूल्यवान कम्पनी बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/will-todays-winner-radhakishan-damani-of-d-mart-face-these-four-challenges-of-tomorrow/articleshow/57789672.cms |title=D-Mart: Will today's winner Radhakishan Damani of D-Mart face these four challenges of tomorrow? |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=2017-03-23 |access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> सन् २०१८ सम्ममा कम्पनी [[तमिलनाडु]], [[राजस्थान]], [[पञ्जाब, भारत|पञ्जाब]], [[दिल्ली राष्ट्रिय राजधानी क्षेत्र|दिल्ली एनसीआर]] र [[दमन जिल्ला, भारत|दमन]]मा समेत विस्तार भएको थियो।<ref name="prab"/> सन् २०२१ मा ''The Ken'' ले उल्लेख गरेअनुसार, डीमार्टका नयाँ पसलहरूको क्षेत्रफल ५०,००० देखि ६०,००० वर्गफुटसम्म रहेको थियो, जुन कम्पनीका विद्यमान पसलहरूको औसत क्षेत्रफलको तुलनामा झन्डै दोब्बर थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=G |first1=Seetharaman |title=DMart and the supersizing imperative |url=https://the-ken.com/tradetricks/dmart-and-the-supersizing-imperative/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |work=The Ken |date=5 October 2021}}</ref> सन् २०२२ मा डीमार्टका पसलहरूको संख्या ३०० नाघेको थियो। तीमध्ये करिब तीन–चौथाइ पसल कम्पनीका [[Business cluster|क्लस्टर]] राज्यहरू—[[महाराष्ट्र]], [[गुजरात]], [[तेलंगाना]], [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]] र [[कर्नाटक]]—मा रहेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=How Radhakishan Damani continues to get it right with DMart |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/how-radhakishan-damani-continues-to-get-it-right-with-dmart-357760-2022-12-26 |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Today |date=26 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="prab">{{cite web |title=Avenue Supermarts (DMART IN) |url=https://bsmedia.business-standard.com/_media/bs/data/market-reports/equity-brokertips/2023-03/16794559170.43092500.pdf |website=Business Standard |publisher=Prabhudas Lilladher |access-date=27 July 2024}}</ref> अप्रिल २०२६ मा डीमार्टले भारतभर आफ्नो ५००औँ पसल सञ्चालनमा ल्याउँदै कुल पसल संख्या ५०० पुर्‍याएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://insights.dsij.in/dsijarticledetail/dmart-adds-12-stores-in-a-day-shares-jump-over-8-as-500-store-count-becomes-reality-to-celebrate |title=Dmart Adds 12 Stores in a Day; Shares Jump Over 8% as 500-Store Count Becomes Reality to Celebrate |date=1 April 2026 |publisher=Dalal Street Investment Journal}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडी== * {{Official|http://www.dmartindia.com/}} *{{url|www.dmart.in|अनलाइन किनमेल वेबसाइट}} 4jm9ffgsuhmknttopymhtlnkblx66q6 1368379 1368377 2026-08-03T16:47:09Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 1368379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = एभिन्यू सुपरमार्ट्स लिमिटेड | logo = | logo_size = 200px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = Dmart tirupati (cropped).jpg | image_size = 260px | image_alt = | image_caption = [[तिरुपति]]मा रहेको डीमार्टको एक पसल | trade_name = DMart | type = [[सार्वजनिक कम्पनी|सार्वजनिक]] | traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{BSE|540376}}|{{NSE|DMART}}}} | ISIN = INE192R01011 | industry = [[खुद्रा व्यापार]] | genre = {{ubl|[[सुपरमार्केट]]|[[हाइपरमार्केट]]}} | founded = {{Start date and age|2002|05|15|df=yes}} | founder = [[राधाकिशन दमानी]] | hq_location = [[पोवई]] | hq_location_city = [[मुम्बई]], [[महाराष्ट्र]] | hq_location_country = भारत | num_locations = 500 | num_locations_year = अप्रिल २०२६ | area_served = भारत | key_people = {{plainlist| *[[राधाकिशन दमानी]] ([[अध्यक्ष]]) *अंशुल असावा ([[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत]])}} | products = | brands = | revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|59358|c}} (२०२५) | operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|4487|c}} (२०२५) | net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2707|c}} (२०२५) | assets = {{up}} {{INRConvert|24891|c}} (२०२५) | equity = {{up}} {{INRConvert|22230|c}} (२०२५) | num_employees = १३,९७१ स्थायी तथा<br />५९,९६१ करारमा कार्यरत (२०२४) | parent = | divisions = | subsidiaries = | website = {{URL|http://www.dmartindia.com/}} | footnotes = वित्तीय विवरण {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}} सम्मको।<ref>{{cite web |title=Press Release on financial results of the Company for the quarter and year ended 31st March, 2025 |url=https://api.dmartindia.com/corporate/content/file/v1/2/TDI1kRsO5MBfKRlbTLg2EVNq1746272142/Press%20release%20dated%203rd%20May,%202025.pdf |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Audited consolidated financial results for the quarter and year ended 31st March, 2025 |url=https://api.dmartindia.com/corporate/content/file/v1/2/s66CCzjOgkyssmkrawWgK7PZ1746270713/Outcome%20of%20Board%20Meeting%20held%20on%203rd%20May,%202025.pdf |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref> }} '''एभेन्यु सुपरमार्ट्स लिमिटेड''' (Avenue Supermarts Limited), [[व्यावसायिक नाम|डीमार्ट]] (DMart) नामबाट [[व्यवसाय सञ्चालन]] गर्ने भारतीय [[खुद्रा व्यापार|खुद्रा]] कम्पनी हो, जसले [[सुपरमार्केट]] तथा [[हाइपरमार्केट]]हरूको शृङ्खला सञ्चालन गर्छ। कम्पनीको स्थापना [[राधाकिशन दमानी]]ले गरेका हुन् र यसको मुख्यालय [[मुम्बई]]मा रहेको छ। मार्च २०२६ सम्ममा डीमार्टले भारतका १२ [[भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू|राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशहरू]]मा कुल ४७९ वटा पसल सञ्चालन गरेको छ।<ref name="fy25">{{cite web |title=Avenue Supermarts Adds Eight New DMart Stores, Reaches 461 Outlets Nationwide |url=https://scanx.trade/stock-market-news/stocks/dmart-expands-footprint-with-new-store-opening-in-karnataka-total-store-count-reaches-479/34346785 |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Avenue Supermarts Adds Eight New DMart Stores Nationwide|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/markets/markets-news/Tipranks/647024/avenue-supermarts-adds-eight-new-dmart-stores-reaches-479-outlets-nationwide/#:~:text=The%20company%20primarily%20runs%20large,income%20consumers%20seeking%20competitive%20prices |publisher=The Globe and Mail |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref> मार्च २०२४ मा कम्पनीमा कुल १३,९७१ जना स्थायी कर्मचारी तथा करारमा नियुक्त ५९,९६१ जना कर्मचारी कार्यरत थिए।<ref name="fy24">{{cite web |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/14f569a2-0850-4e73-aa38-69494b1142cb.pdf |website=BSE |publisher=Avenue Supermarts Limited |access-date=27 July 2024}}</ref> ==इतिहास== [[File:D-Mart.jpg|thumb|[[उडुपी]]को बाहिरी क्षेत्रमा रहेको डीमार्टको एक पसल।]] [[राधाकिशन दमानी]]द्वारा सन् २००० मा स्थापना गरिएको डीमार्टले सन् २००२ मा [[पोवई]], [[मुम्बई]]मा आफ्नो पहिलो पसल सञ्चालनमा ल्याएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Sanchita|last1=Dash|title=Radhakishan Damani has a string of challenges ahead of him and falling profits at DMart don't help|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/radhakishan-damani-has-a-string-of-challenges-ahead-of-him-and-fallihjjfuhelp/articleshow/76936913.cms|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Business Insider|date=13 July 2020|archive-date=11 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311063756/https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/radhakishan-damani-has-a-string-of-challenges-ahead-of-him-and-falling-profits-at-dmart-dont-help/articleshow/76936913.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="forbes">{{cite news |first1=Srivastava |last1=Samar |title=DMart: The Juggernaut Continues To Roll For India's Value Shop |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/boardroom/dmart-the-juggernaut-continues-to-roll-for-indias-value-shop/48457/1 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=Forbes India |date=23 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> प्रारम्भिक वर्षहरूमा कम्पनीले [[दैनिक न्यून मूल्य]] (everyday low price) रणनीति अपनाएको थियो<ref name="forbes"/> र "ढिलो विस्तार"को नीति अवलम्बन गरेको थियो। यसअन्तर्गत सन् २०१० सम्ममा [[महाराष्ट्र]] र [[गुजरात]]मा डीमार्टका २९ वटा पसल सञ्चालनमा आएका थिए। अन्य भारतीय सुपरमार्केटहरूले सामान्यतया ४,००० वर्गफुट क्षेत्रफलका सम्पत्तिहरू [[खुद्रा भाडामा लिने|भाडामा लिने]] गरे पनि डीमार्टले ३०,००० वर्गफुटसम्म क्षेत्रफल भएका तुलनात्मक रूपमा धेरै ठूला पसलहरू सञ्चालन गर्थ्यो, जसमध्ये अधिकांश सम्पत्ति कम्पनीकै स्वामित्वमा थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=Damani's D Mart mulls pan-India footprint |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/damani-s-d-mart-mulls-pan-india-footprint-110060400096_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=4 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211070455/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/damani-s-d-mart-mulls-pan-india-footprint-110060400096_1.html |archive-date=11 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Agarwal |first1=Sapna |title=D-Mart on expansion drive, looks to take leased premises route |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/opQm7BQ1OCuUdUESrn71sO/DMart-on-expansion-drive-looks-to-take-leased-premises-rou.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Mint |date=2 March 2010}}</ref> सन् २०१३ मा डीमार्टले [[महाराष्ट्र]] र [[गुजरात]]मा ६५ वटा पसल सञ्चालन गरिरहेको जनाएको थियो। साथै, अन्य राज्यहरूमा विस्तार गर्न थालेसँगै [[हैदराबाद]] र [[बेंगलुरु]]मा एक–एक वटा पसल सञ्चालनमा ल्याएको थियो। त्यस समयमा राजस्वका आधारमा डीमार्ट [[Reliance Retail|रिलायन्स रिटेल]] र [[Future Group|फ्युचर ग्रुप]]पछि भारतको तेस्रो ठूलो खुद्रा कम्पनी बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=D-Mart beats the Goliaths |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/d-mart-beats-the-goliaths-113071000948_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=10 July 2013}}</ref> अक्टोबर २०१६ मा डीमार्टका कुल ११२ वटा पसल सञ्चालनमा थिए। यस अवधिसम्म कम्पनीले [[तेलंगाना]], [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[मध्य प्रदेश]] र [[छत्तीसगढ]]मा समेत आफ्नो विस्तार गरिसकेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=How D-Mart battled the giants |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/how-d-mart-battled-the-giants-116100301095_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=3 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamath |first1=Raghavendra |title=D Mart sets sight on Rs 2,000-cr IPO |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/d-mart-aims-at-rs-2-000-cr-ipo-116091201014_1.html |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=13 September 2016}}</ref> डिसेम्बर २०१६ मा कम्पनीले '''डीमार्ट रेडी''' (DMart Ready) नामक आफ्नो [[ई-वाणिज्य]] व्यवसाय सुरु गर्‍यो, जसअन्तर्गत ग्राहकहरूले किराना तथा घरायसी सामग्रीहरू अनलाइन अर्डर गर्न सक्ने व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Avenue Supermarts to fully acquire e-commerce unit |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-avenue-supermarts-to-fully-acquire-e-commerce-unit-2578598 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DMart Ready FY22 revenue sees 2-fold rise at Rs 1,667.21 cr; loss widens to Rs 142.07 cr |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/business/story/dmart-ready-fy22-revenue-sees-2-fold-rise-at-rs-166721-cr-loss-widens-to-rs-14207-cr-342746-2022-07-26 |access-date=16 January 2023 |work=Business Today |date=26 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> कम्पनीले मार्च २०१७ मा आफ्नो [[प्रारम्भिक सार्वजनिक निष्कासन]] (IPO) जारी गर्‍यो र [[भारतको राष्ट्रिय स्टक एक्सचेन्ज|राष्ट्रिय स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]] तथा [[बम्बई स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]]मा सूचीकृत भयो। २२ मार्च २०१७ मा भएको यसको सूचीकृत हुने दिन, डीमार्ट भारतको बजार मूल्यका आधारमा ६५औँ सबैभन्दा मूल्यवान कम्पनी बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/will-todays-winner-radhakishan-damani-of-d-mart-face-these-four-challenges-of-tomorrow/articleshow/57789672.cms |title=D-Mart: Will today's winner Radhakishan Damani of D-Mart face these four challenges of tomorrow? |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=2017-03-23 |access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref> सन् २०१८ सम्ममा कम्पनी [[तमिलनाडु]], [[राजस्थान]], [[पञ्जाब, भारत|पञ्जाब]], [[दिल्ली राष्ट्रिय राजधानी क्षेत्र|दिल्ली एनसीआर]] र [[दमन जिल्ला, भारत|दमन]]मा समेत विस्तार भएको थियो।<ref name="prab"/> सन् २०२१ मा ''The Ken'' ले उल्लेख गरेअनुसार, डीमार्टका नयाँ पसलहरूको क्षेत्रफल ५०,००० देखि ६०,००० वर्गफुटसम्म रहेको थियो, जुन कम्पनीका विद्यमान पसलहरूको औसत क्षेत्रफलको तुलनामा झन्डै दोब्बर थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=G |first1=Seetharaman |title=DMart and the supersizing imperative |url=https://the-ken.com/tradetricks/dmart-and-the-supersizing-imperative/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |work=The Ken |date=5 October 2021}}</ref> सन् २०२२ मा डीमार्टका पसलहरूको संख्या ३०० नाघेको थियो। तीमध्ये करिब तीन–चौथाइ पसल कम्पनीका [[Business cluster|क्लस्टर]] राज्यहरू—[[महाराष्ट्र]], [[गुजरात]], [[तेलंगाना]], [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]] र [[कर्नाटक]]—मा रहेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=How Radhakishan Damani continues to get it right with DMart |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/how-radhakishan-damani-continues-to-get-it-right-with-dmart-357760-2022-12-26 |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=Business Today |date=26 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="prab">{{cite web |title=Avenue Supermarts (DMART IN) |url=https://bsmedia.business-standard.com/_media/bs/data/market-reports/equity-brokertips/2023-03/16794559170.43092500.pdf |website=Business Standard |publisher=Prabhudas Lilladher |access-date=27 July 2024}}</ref> अप्रिल २०२६ मा डीमार्टले भारतभर आफ्नो ५००औँ पसल सञ्चालनमा ल्याउँदै कुल पसल संख्या ५०० पुर्‍याएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://insights.dsij.in/dsijarticledetail/dmart-adds-12-stores-in-a-day-shares-jump-over-8-as-500-store-count-becomes-reality-to-celebrate |title=Dmart Adds 12 Stores in a Day; Shares Jump Over 8% as 500-Store Count Becomes Reality to Celebrate |date=1 April 2026 |publisher=Dalal Street Investment Journal}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडी== * {{Official|http://www.dmartindia.com/}} *{{url|www.dmart.in|अनलाइन किनमेल वेबसाइट}} 6xo2de5jy96e1jz571dz7hoja46i4zh 3 151117 1368381 2026-08-03T18:33:05Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1368381 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, युनिसा श्रेष्ठज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|३०,००१]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:युनिसा श्रेष्ठ|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:१८, ४ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) je28hcztbl8dklx55rdk3xisiaz9xmi 0 151118 1368405 2026-08-04T05:18:47Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[ब्रोड शिखर]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1368405 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[ब्रोड शिखर]] cs3pcjqnry9ryp3gap27uepnrobdhze 0 151119 1368406 2026-08-04T05:19:28Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[गिलगित बल्तिस्तान]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1368406 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[गिलगित बल्तिस्तान]] 53g94hduqnm8r5ye8jxm8rdontq48ox 0 151120 1368408 2026-08-04T05:20:35Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[आठ-हजारी]] पृष्ठलाई [[आठ हजारी]]मा सारियो 1368408 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[आठ हजारी]] bndjz706uaczqx33mcro0cakxja3g8f 0 151121 1368409 2026-08-04T05:29:54Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{छोटो विवरण|पाकिस्तानमा गएको हिमपहिरो दुर्घटना}} {{Infobox event | image = 7 15 BroadPeak.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = ब्रोड शिखर हिमाल | native_name = | native_name_lang = | time = | duration = | date = ३० जुलाई २०२६<br>२०८३ साउन १४ | venue = | location = ब्रोड शिख... 1368409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|पाकिस्तानमा गएको हिमपहिरो दुर्घटना}} {{Infobox event | image = 7 15 BroadPeak.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = ब्रोड शिखर हिमाल | native_name = | native_name_lang = | time = | duration = | date = ३० जुलाई २०२६<br>२०८३ साउन १४ | venue = | location = [[ब्रोड शिखर|ब्रोड पिक]]<br/>उचाइ {{cvt|6660|m|ft}} | coordinates = {{coord|35|48|40|N|76|32|56|E|display=inline,title}} | also_known_as = | type = [[हिमपहिरो]] | theme = | cause = | first_reporter = | budget = | patrons = | organisers = | filmed_by = | participants = | outcome = | deaths = १० | injuries = | missing = }} सन् २०२६ जुलाई ३० मा, [[पाकिस्तान]]को [[काराकोरम]] हिमशृङ्खलामा रहेको [[ब्रोड पिक]]को शिखरतर्फ जाँदै गरेका १० जना पर्वतारोहीको टोली [[हिमपहिरो]]मा परेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६|title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : निर्मल पुर्जासहित १० जनाको निधन, खोजी कार्यबारे गिलगित प्रहरीले के भन्यो ?|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/international/broad-peak-avalanche-10-people-including-nirmal-purja-died-what-did-gilgit-police-say-about-the-search-operation-16-72.html |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=नागरिक दैनिक|language=नेपाली }}</ref> क्याम्प २ र क्याम्प ३ को बिचको ढलानमा करिब {{cvt|6600|m}} को उचाइमा हिमपहिरो जाँदा उनीहरूलाई हिमालबाट तल बगाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2026 |title=Four bodies located after 10 climbers go missing on Pakistani peak |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/31/nepali-climber-purja-9-others-missing-in-pakistan-after-avalanche |work=[[अल जजिरा]] |access-date=1 August 2026 |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801034025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/31/nepali-climber-purja-9-others-missing-in-pakistan-after-avalanche |url-status=live }}</ref> अगस्ट १ मा, हिमपहिरोमा परेका सबै पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि भएको थियो। मृत्यु हुने पर्वतारोहीहरूमा [[निर्मल पुर्जा]] (निम्स दाई), [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ]] (युक्ता), निमा शेर्पा, [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]], किली पेम्बा शेर्पा (किलु), नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा, ग्यालु शेर्पा, सोहेल सखी, म्यालोरी गेस, र वाङ जोङ रहेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६ |title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : सबै १० पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि, मृतकमध्ये ६ जना नेपाली |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/08/1987145/broad-peak-avalanche-all-10-climbers-confirmed-dead-6-nepalis-among-dead |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=खनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[ब्रोड पिक]] (८,०५१ मिटर) विश्वको १२औँ अग्लो हिमाल हो, जुन [[पाकिस्तान]]को [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]]मा [[केटु]] नजिकै अवस्थित छ।<ref>{{Cite news |title=4 Bodies Found, 6 Climbers Missing After Avalanche in Pakistan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/31/world/asia/nirmal-purja-nims-avalanche-pakistan.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=31 July 2026 |last1=Peltier |first1=Elian |last2=Ghimire |first2=Binod |last3=Regalado |first3=Francesca |access-date=2 August 2026 }}</ref> २०२६ को ग्रीष्मकालीन आरोहण मौसममा निर्मल पुर्जाको 'इलिट एक्स्पेड' टोलीसहित धेरै अभियानहरूले शिखरोहणको प्रयास गरिरहेका थिए। पुर्जा सबै १४ वटा [[आठ हजारी|आठ हजार मिटरभन्दा अग्ला हिमालहरू]] तीन पटक आरोहण गर्ने र बिना अक्सिजन दुई पटक आरोहण गर्ने पहिलो व्यक्ति बन्ने प्रयासमा थिए।{{reflist|refs= <ref name="benavides1">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-search-continues-shocked-k2-teams-abort-summit-push/ |title=Broad Peak Search Continues, Shocked K2 Teams Abort Summit Push |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731150228/https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-search-continues-shocked-k2-teams-abort-summit-push/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="benavides2">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-avalanche-four-bodies-found-helicopters-search-for-other-six/ |title=Broad Peak Avalanche: Two Bodies Found, Helicopters Search for Others |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731074902/https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-avalanche-four-bodies-found-helicopters-search-for-other-six/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="benavides3">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/local-climber-tries-to-change-how-karakoram-expeditions-are-run/ |title=The View From Pakistan: A Local Climber Is Trying to Change How Karakoram Expeditions Are Run |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731231006/https://explorersweb.com/local-climber-tries-to-change-how-karakoram-expeditions-are-run/ |url-status=live }}</ref> हिमपहिरोमा परेका मध्ये धेरैजसो नेपालका अनुभवी शेर्पा गाइडहरू थिए। आइएफएमजिए प्रमाणित गाइड [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ]] (युक्ता) पुर्जाको इलिट एक्स्पेड टोलीका लागि कार्यरत गाइडहरूमध्ये एक थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> 'इम्याजिन नेपाल' टोलीका सबैभन्दा अनुभवी पर्वतारोहीहरूमध्येका एक किली "किलु" पेम्बा शेर्पा सन् २०२१ मा केटुको पहिलो हिउँदकालीन आरोहण पूरा गर्ने पुर्जा सहितको टोलीमा थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> निमा शेर्पा, नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा, र ग्यालु शेर्पा पनि हिमपहिरोमा पर्नेहरूमा थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> 'सेभेन समिट ट्रेक्स'बाट आरोहण गरिरहेकी ओमानकी [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]] सन् २०१९ मा [[सगरमाथा]]को सफल आरोहण गर्ने पहिलो ओमानी महिला बनेकी थिइन् र उनले यसअघि केटु तथा मनास्लुको आरोहण गरिसकेकी थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /> पाकिस्तानका कुशल पर्वतारोही सोहेल सखीले अमेरिकी क्लाइन्ट म्यालोरी गेसलाई गाइड गरिरहेका थिए, जो आफ्नो पहिलो आठ हजारी हिमाल अभियानमा थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /><ref name="benavides3" /> हिमपहिरो आउनुअघिका दिनहरूमा मौसमको अवस्था अस्थिर थियो। उक्त याममा अलि अघि हिमाल छाडेका एक पर्वतारोहीले १८ जुलाईमा ठुलो हावाहुरी आएको र सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्रमा हावाको गति उच्च हुनुका साथै आर्द्रता बढेको बताएका थिए, जसले २९ जुलाईसम्म नयाँ हिउँ परेको सङ्केत गर्दथ्यो।<ref name="benavides2" /> == हिमपहिरो == सन् २०२६ जुलाई ३० (२०८३ साउन १४) का दिन स्थानीय समय अनुसार बिहान करिब ९:३० बजे क्याम्प २ र क्याम्प ३ को बिचको भागमा शिखरतर्फ जाँदै गरेका १० जना पर्वतारोहीहरूलाई हिमपहिरोले बगाएको थियो। उनीहरूको स्याटेलाइट जिपिएस ट्र्याकरले केही सय मिटर द्रुत गतिमा तल खसेको रेकर्ड गरेको थियो; केही पर्वतारोहीहरू लगभग बेस क्याम्प नजिकै पुगेर रोकिएका थिए। पुर्जाको ट्र्याकरले उनी करिब {{cvt|800|m}} तल खसेको देखाएको थियो भने अल हार्थी पहाडको लगभग फेदीमै खसेकी थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /> हिमपहिरो गएको केही घण्टापछि मात्र हवाई उद्धारका लागि अनुरोध गरिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides2" /> == खोज तथा उद्धार == जुलाई ३१ को बिहान क्याम्प १ बाट खटिएका पैदल टोलीहरूसँगै दुईवटा हेलिकप्टरले हवाई खोज सुरु गरेका थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> ड्रोनको उडानले थप शवहरू देखेको भए पनि तिनको पहिचान सम्भव थिएन, र केही बेपत्ता पर्वतारोहीहरूको जिपिएस ट्र्याकरले करिब {{cvt|5800|m}} को उचाइमा अनुमानित स्थान देखाएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /> 'अल्पाइन क्लब अफ पाकिस्तान'ले उद्धार कार्यको समन्वय गरेको थियो र पुर्जाको कम्पनी 'इलिट एक्स्पेड'ले खोजमा सघाउन थप नेपाली पर्वतारोहीहरूलाई पाकिस्तान उडाएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /> सहयोग गर्नका लागि छिमेकी केटु हिमालमा रहेका अधिकांश टोलीहरूले आफ्ना शिखरोहणका प्रयासहरू स्थगित गरेका थिए।<ref name="benavides1" /> == मानवीय क्षति == जुलाई ३१ मा, 'अल्पाइन क्लब अफ पाकिस्तान'ले अल हार्थी, गुरुङ, र गेस गरी मृतक तीन जना पर्वतारोहीहरूको पहिचान पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |last2=Baloch |first2=Shah Meer |date=31 July 2026 |title=World-renowned climber Nirmal Purja among 11 struck by avalanche on Pakistan mountain |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jul/31/nirmal-purja-10-climbers-missing-pakistan-broad-peak-mountain |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2026 |title=Pakistan avalanche: Race to rescue remaining climbers enters second day |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddjz1r01l8o |access-date=1 August 2026 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801111521/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddjz1r01l8o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="benavides2" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2026 |title=Search resumes for missing climbers after avalanche on Pakistan's Broad Peak |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-missing-climbers-search-resumed-broad-peak-2dae7b8a316072a82b84d27189795ec5 |access-date=1 August 2026 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801100709/https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-missing-climbers-search-resumed-broad-peak-2dae7b8a316072a82b84d27189795ec5 |url-status=live }}</ref> उनीहरूको शव 'काराकोरम आरोहण टोली'द्वारा ब्रोड पिक आधार शिविरको विपरीत हिमपहिरोको फेदीबाट फेला पारिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides2" /> जुलाई ३१ मा, एउटा ड्रोनले सात वटा शव देखेको थियो तर पहिचान पुष्टि गर्न नसक्दा १० जनामध्ये एक जना बेपत्ता रहेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Callaghan |first=Anna |last2=Schaffer |first2=Grayson |date=31 July 2026 |title=How Nims Purja's Himalayan climb ended in deadly disaster |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/nims-purja-avalanche-broad-peak-himalayas |access-date=31 July 2026 |website=National Geographic Adventure |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731215449/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/nims-purja-avalanche-broad-peak-himalayas |url-status=live }}</ref> चार वटा शव फेला परेको अघिल्लो रिपोर्टलाई पछि संशोधन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitehead |first=Jamie |last2=Kathmandu |first2=with reporting from Pradeep Bashyal in |last3=Islamabad |first3=Carrie Davies in |title=Two bodies found during search for 10 missing climbers after Pakistan avalanche |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cjd42d4jvxkt |access-date=31 July 2026 |website=BBC News |language=en|archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731225528/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cjd42d4jvxkt |url-status=live }}</ref> अगस्ट १ मा, 'इलिट एक्स्पेड' टोलीले आधिकारिक रूपमा आफ्नो सामाजिक सञ्जाल खाता मार्फत सबै पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६|title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : चारवटा शव भेटिँदा एकजना नेपाली र ओमानी आरोहीको परिचय खुल्यो|url=https://khabarhub.com/2026/31/1004523/ |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=खबरहब|language=नेपाली }}</ref> === मृतकहरू === {| class="wikitable" |- ! नाम<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ! राष्ट्रियता |- | [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]] | {{झण्डा|ओमान}} |- | [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ|पुरबहादुर गुरुङ ("युक्ता")]] | {{NPL}} |- | म्यालोरी गेस | {{USA}} |- | [[निर्मल पुर्जा|निर्मल पुर्जा ("निम्स दाई")]] | {{NPL}}/{{UK}} |- | सोहेल सखी | {{PAK}} |- | वाङ जोङ | {{CHN}} |- | किली "किलु" पेम्बा शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | निमा शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | ग्यालु शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |} == प्रतिक्रियाहरू == ओमानको विदेश मन्त्रालयले अल हार्थीको निधनप्रति सार्वजनिक रूपमा समवेदना व्यक्त गर्दै [[नेपाल]] र ओमानबिचको सम्बन्धलाई सुदृढ बनाउन उनले गरेको प्रयासको प्रशंसा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2026 |title=Oman' Foreign Ministery mourns mountaineer Nadhira Al Harthy |url=https://timesofoman.com/article/175106-oman-foreign-ministery-mourns-mountaineer-nadhira-al-harthy |work=[[Times of Oman]] |access-date=2 August 2026 |archive-date=2 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260802054853/https://timesofoman.com/article/175106-oman-foreign-ministery-mourns-mountaineer-nadhira-al-harthy |url-status=live }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:ब्रोड शिखर]] [[श्रेणी:एसियामा गएका हिमपहिरोहरू]] i9ufqdotb6fy1q21zvetnk47pfkxsuz 1368410 1368409 2026-08-04T05:31:44Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* पृष्ठभूमि */ 1368410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|पाकिस्तानमा गएको हिमपहिरो दुर्घटना}} {{Infobox event | image = 7 15 BroadPeak.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = ब्रोड शिखर हिमाल | native_name = | native_name_lang = | time = | duration = | date = ३० जुलाई २०२६<br>२०८३ साउन १४ | venue = | location = [[ब्रोड शिखर|ब्रोड पिक]]<br/>उचाइ {{cvt|6660|m|ft}} | coordinates = {{coord|35|48|40|N|76|32|56|E|display=inline,title}} | also_known_as = | type = [[हिमपहिरो]] | theme = | cause = | first_reporter = | budget = | patrons = | organisers = | filmed_by = | participants = | outcome = | deaths = १० | injuries = | missing = }} सन् २०२६ जुलाई ३० मा, [[पाकिस्तान]]को [[काराकोरम]] हिमशृङ्खलामा रहेको [[ब्रोड पिक]]को शिखरतर्फ जाँदै गरेका १० जना पर्वतारोहीको टोली [[हिमपहिरो]]मा परेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६|title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : निर्मल पुर्जासहित १० जनाको निधन, खोजी कार्यबारे गिलगित प्रहरीले के भन्यो ?|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/international/broad-peak-avalanche-10-people-including-nirmal-purja-died-what-did-gilgit-police-say-about-the-search-operation-16-72.html |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=नागरिक दैनिक|language=नेपाली }}</ref> क्याम्प २ र क्याम्प ३ को बिचको ढलानमा करिब {{cvt|6600|m}} को उचाइमा हिमपहिरो जाँदा उनीहरूलाई हिमालबाट तल बगाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2026 |title=Four bodies located after 10 climbers go missing on Pakistani peak |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/31/nepali-climber-purja-9-others-missing-in-pakistan-after-avalanche |work=[[अल जजिरा]] |access-date=1 August 2026 |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801034025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/31/nepali-climber-purja-9-others-missing-in-pakistan-after-avalanche |url-status=live }}</ref> अगस्ट १ मा, हिमपहिरोमा परेका सबै पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि भएको थियो। मृत्यु हुने पर्वतारोहीहरूमा [[निर्मल पुर्जा]] (निम्स दाई), [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ]] (युक्ता), निमा शेर्पा, [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]], किली पेम्बा शेर्पा (किलु), नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा, ग्यालु शेर्पा, सोहेल सखी, म्यालोरी गेस, र वाङ जोङ रहेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६ |title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : सबै १० पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि, मृतकमध्ये ६ जना नेपाली |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/08/1987145/broad-peak-avalanche-all-10-climbers-confirmed-dead-6-nepalis-among-dead |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=खनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[ब्रोड पिक]] (८,०५१ मिटर) विश्वको १२औँ अग्लो हिमाल हो, जुन [[पाकिस्तान]]को [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]]मा [[केटु]] नजिकै अवस्थित छ।<ref>{{Cite news |title=4 Bodies Found, 6 Climbers Missing After Avalanche in Pakistan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/31/world/asia/nirmal-purja-nims-avalanche-pakistan.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=31 July 2026 |last1=Peltier |first1=Elian |last2=Ghimire |first2=Binod |last3=Regalado |first3=Francesca |access-date=2 August 2026 }}</ref> २०२६ को ग्रीष्मकालीन आरोहण मौसममा निर्मल पुर्जाको 'इलिट एक्स्पेड' टोलीसहित धेरै अभियानहरूले शिखरोहणको प्रयास गरिरहेका थिए। पुर्जा सबै १४ वटा [[आठ हजारी|आठ हजार मिटरभन्दा अग्ला हिमालहरू]] तीन पटक आरोहण गर्ने र बिना अक्सिजन दुई पटक आरोहण गर्ने पहिलो व्यक्ति बन्ने प्रयासमा थिए। <ref name="benavides1">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-search-continues-shocked-k2-teams-abort-summit-push/ |title=Broad Peak Search Continues, Shocked K2 Teams Abort Summit Push |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731150228/https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-search-continues-shocked-k2-teams-abort-summit-push/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="benavides2">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-avalanche-four-bodies-found-helicopters-search-for-other-six/ |title=Broad Peak Avalanche: Two Bodies Found, Helicopters Search for Others |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731074902/https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-avalanche-four-bodies-found-helicopters-search-for-other-six/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="benavides3">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/local-climber-tries-to-change-how-karakoram-expeditions-are-run/ |title=The View From Pakistan: A Local Climber Is Trying to Change How Karakoram Expeditions Are Run |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731231006/https://explorersweb.com/local-climber-tries-to-change-how-karakoram-expeditions-are-run/ |url-status=live }}</ref> हिमपहिरोमा परेका मध्ये धेरैजसो नेपालका अनुभवी शेर्पा गाइडहरू थिए। आइएफएमजिए प्रमाणित गाइड [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ]] (युक्ता) पुर्जाको इलिट एक्स्पेड टोलीका लागि कार्यरत गाइडहरूमध्ये एक थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> 'इम्याजिन नेपाल' टोलीका सबैभन्दा अनुभवी पर्वतारोहीहरूमध्येका एक किली "किलु" पेम्बा शेर्पा सन् २०२१ मा केटुको पहिलो हिउँदकालीन आरोहण पूरा गर्ने पुर्जा सहितको टोलीमा थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> निमा शेर्पा, नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा, र ग्यालु शेर्पा पनि हिमपहिरोमा पर्नेहरूमा थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> 'सेभेन समिट ट्रेक्स'बाट आरोहण गरिरहेकी ओमानकी [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]] सन् २०१९ मा [[सगरमाथा]]को सफल आरोहण गर्ने पहिलो ओमानी महिला बनेकी थिइन् र उनले यसअघि केटु तथा मनास्लुको आरोहण गरिसकेकी थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /> पाकिस्तानका कुशल पर्वतारोही सोहेल सखीले अमेरिकी क्लाइन्ट म्यालोरी गेसलाई गाइड गरिरहेका थिए, जो आफ्नो पहिलो आठ हजारी हिमाल अभियानमा थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /><ref name="benavides3" /> हिमपहिरो आउनुअघिका दिनहरूमा मौसमको अवस्था अस्थिर थियो। उक्त याममा अलि अघि हिमाल छाडेका एक पर्वतारोहीले १८ जुलाईमा ठुलो हावाहुरी आएको र सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्रमा हावाको गति उच्च हुनुका साथै आर्द्रता बढेको बताएका थिए, जसले २९ जुलाईसम्म नयाँ हिउँ परेको सङ्केत गर्दथ्यो।<ref name="benavides2" /> == हिमपहिरो == सन् २०२६ जुलाई ३० (२०८३ साउन १४) का दिन स्थानीय समय अनुसार बिहान करिब ९:३० बजे क्याम्प २ र क्याम्प ३ को बिचको भागमा शिखरतर्फ जाँदै गरेका १० जना पर्वतारोहीहरूलाई हिमपहिरोले बगाएको थियो। उनीहरूको स्याटेलाइट जिपिएस ट्र्याकरले केही सय मिटर द्रुत गतिमा तल खसेको रेकर्ड गरेको थियो; केही पर्वतारोहीहरू लगभग बेस क्याम्प नजिकै पुगेर रोकिएका थिए। पुर्जाको ट्र्याकरले उनी करिब {{cvt|800|m}} तल खसेको देखाएको थियो भने अल हार्थी पहाडको लगभग फेदीमै खसेकी थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /> हिमपहिरो गएको केही घण्टापछि मात्र हवाई उद्धारका लागि अनुरोध गरिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides2" /> == खोज तथा उद्धार == जुलाई ३१ को बिहान क्याम्प १ बाट खटिएका पैदल टोलीहरूसँगै दुईवटा हेलिकप्टरले हवाई खोज सुरु गरेका थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> ड्रोनको उडानले थप शवहरू देखेको भए पनि तिनको पहिचान सम्भव थिएन, र केही बेपत्ता पर्वतारोहीहरूको जिपिएस ट्र्याकरले करिब {{cvt|5800|m}} को उचाइमा अनुमानित स्थान देखाएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /> 'अल्पाइन क्लब अफ पाकिस्तान'ले उद्धार कार्यको समन्वय गरेको थियो र पुर्जाको कम्पनी 'इलिट एक्स्पेड'ले खोजमा सघाउन थप नेपाली पर्वतारोहीहरूलाई पाकिस्तान उडाएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /> सहयोग गर्नका लागि छिमेकी केटु हिमालमा रहेका अधिकांश टोलीहरूले आफ्ना शिखरोहणका प्रयासहरू स्थगित गरेका थिए।<ref name="benavides1" /> == मानवीय क्षति == जुलाई ३१ मा, 'अल्पाइन क्लब अफ पाकिस्तान'ले अल हार्थी, गुरुङ, र गेस गरी मृतक तीन जना पर्वतारोहीहरूको पहिचान पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |last2=Baloch |first2=Shah Meer |date=31 July 2026 |title=World-renowned climber Nirmal Purja among 11 struck by avalanche on Pakistan mountain |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jul/31/nirmal-purja-10-climbers-missing-pakistan-broad-peak-mountain |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2026 |title=Pakistan avalanche: Race to rescue remaining climbers enters second day |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddjz1r01l8o |access-date=1 August 2026 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801111521/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddjz1r01l8o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="benavides2" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2026 |title=Search resumes for missing climbers after avalanche on Pakistan's Broad Peak |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-missing-climbers-search-resumed-broad-peak-2dae7b8a316072a82b84d27189795ec5 |access-date=1 August 2026 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801100709/https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-missing-climbers-search-resumed-broad-peak-2dae7b8a316072a82b84d27189795ec5 |url-status=live }}</ref> उनीहरूको शव 'काराकोरम आरोहण टोली'द्वारा ब्रोड पिक आधार शिविरको विपरीत हिमपहिरोको फेदीबाट फेला पारिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides2" /> जुलाई ३१ मा, एउटा ड्रोनले सात वटा शव देखेको थियो तर पहिचान पुष्टि गर्न नसक्दा १० जनामध्ये एक जना बेपत्ता रहेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Callaghan |first=Anna |last2=Schaffer |first2=Grayson |date=31 July 2026 |title=How Nims Purja's Himalayan climb ended in deadly disaster |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/nims-purja-avalanche-broad-peak-himalayas |access-date=31 July 2026 |website=National Geographic Adventure |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731215449/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/nims-purja-avalanche-broad-peak-himalayas |url-status=live }}</ref> चार वटा शव फेला परेको अघिल्लो रिपोर्टलाई पछि संशोधन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitehead |first=Jamie |last2=Kathmandu |first2=with reporting from Pradeep Bashyal in |last3=Islamabad |first3=Carrie Davies in |title=Two bodies found during search for 10 missing climbers after Pakistan avalanche |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cjd42d4jvxkt |access-date=31 July 2026 |website=BBC News |language=en|archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731225528/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cjd42d4jvxkt |url-status=live }}</ref> अगस्ट १ मा, 'इलिट एक्स्पेड' टोलीले आधिकारिक रूपमा आफ्नो सामाजिक सञ्जाल खाता मार्फत सबै पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६|title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : चारवटा शव भेटिँदा एकजना नेपाली र ओमानी आरोहीको परिचय खुल्यो|url=https://khabarhub.com/2026/31/1004523/ |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=खबरहब|language=नेपाली }}</ref> === मृतकहरू === {| class="wikitable" |- ! नाम<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ! राष्ट्रियता |- | [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]] | {{झण्डा|ओमान}} |- | [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ|पुरबहादुर गुरुङ ("युक्ता")]] | {{NPL}} |- | म्यालोरी गेस | {{USA}} |- | [[निर्मल पुर्जा|निर्मल पुर्जा ("निम्स दाई")]] | {{NPL}}/{{UK}} |- | सोहेल सखी | {{PAK}} |- | वाङ जोङ | {{CHN}} |- | किली "किलु" पेम्बा शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | निमा शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | ग्यालु शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |} == प्रतिक्रियाहरू == ओमानको विदेश मन्त्रालयले अल हार्थीको निधनप्रति सार्वजनिक रूपमा समवेदना व्यक्त गर्दै [[नेपाल]] र ओमानबिचको सम्बन्धलाई सुदृढ बनाउन उनले गरेको प्रयासको प्रशंसा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2026 |title=Oman' Foreign Ministery mourns mountaineer Nadhira Al Harthy |url=https://timesofoman.com/article/175106-oman-foreign-ministery-mourns-mountaineer-nadhira-al-harthy |work=[[Times of Oman]] |access-date=2 August 2026 |archive-date=2 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260802054853/https://timesofoman.com/article/175106-oman-foreign-ministery-mourns-mountaineer-nadhira-al-harthy |url-status=live }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:ब्रोड शिखर]] [[श्रेणी:एसियामा गएका हिमपहिरोहरू]] ixfu5l7xctvprbfnbfjsyydimm7sq1z 1368411 1368410 2026-08-04T05:33:59Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा आएको हिमपहिरो]] पृष्ठलाई [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो]]मा सारियो 1368410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|पाकिस्तानमा गएको हिमपहिरो दुर्घटना}} {{Infobox event | image = 7 15 BroadPeak.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = ब्रोड शिखर हिमाल | native_name = | native_name_lang = | time = | duration = | date = ३० जुलाई २०२६<br>२०८३ साउन १४ | venue = | location = [[ब्रोड शिखर|ब्रोड पिक]]<br/>उचाइ {{cvt|6660|m|ft}} | coordinates = {{coord|35|48|40|N|76|32|56|E|display=inline,title}} | also_known_as = | type = [[हिमपहिरो]] | theme = | cause = | first_reporter = | budget = | patrons = | organisers = | filmed_by = | participants = | outcome = | deaths = १० | injuries = | missing = }} सन् २०२६ जुलाई ३० मा, [[पाकिस्तान]]को [[काराकोरम]] हिमशृङ्खलामा रहेको [[ब्रोड पिक]]को शिखरतर्फ जाँदै गरेका १० जना पर्वतारोहीको टोली [[हिमपहिरो]]मा परेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६|title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : निर्मल पुर्जासहित १० जनाको निधन, खोजी कार्यबारे गिलगित प्रहरीले के भन्यो ?|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/international/broad-peak-avalanche-10-people-including-nirmal-purja-died-what-did-gilgit-police-say-about-the-search-operation-16-72.html |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=नागरिक दैनिक|language=नेपाली }}</ref> क्याम्प २ र क्याम्प ३ को बिचको ढलानमा करिब {{cvt|6600|m}} को उचाइमा हिमपहिरो जाँदा उनीहरूलाई हिमालबाट तल बगाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2026 |title=Four bodies located after 10 climbers go missing on Pakistani peak |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/31/nepali-climber-purja-9-others-missing-in-pakistan-after-avalanche |work=[[अल जजिरा]] |access-date=1 August 2026 |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801034025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/31/nepali-climber-purja-9-others-missing-in-pakistan-after-avalanche |url-status=live }}</ref> अगस्ट १ मा, हिमपहिरोमा परेका सबै पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि भएको थियो। मृत्यु हुने पर्वतारोहीहरूमा [[निर्मल पुर्जा]] (निम्स दाई), [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ]] (युक्ता), निमा शेर्पा, [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]], किली पेम्बा शेर्पा (किलु), नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा, ग्यालु शेर्पा, सोहेल सखी, म्यालोरी गेस, र वाङ जोङ रहेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६ |title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : सबै १० पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि, मृतकमध्ये ६ जना नेपाली |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/08/1987145/broad-peak-avalanche-all-10-climbers-confirmed-dead-6-nepalis-among-dead |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=खनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[ब्रोड पिक]] (८,०५१ मिटर) विश्वको १२औँ अग्लो हिमाल हो, जुन [[पाकिस्तान]]को [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]]मा [[केटु]] नजिकै अवस्थित छ।<ref>{{Cite news |title=4 Bodies Found, 6 Climbers Missing After Avalanche in Pakistan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/31/world/asia/nirmal-purja-nims-avalanche-pakistan.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=31 July 2026 |last1=Peltier |first1=Elian |last2=Ghimire |first2=Binod |last3=Regalado |first3=Francesca |access-date=2 August 2026 }}</ref> २०२६ को ग्रीष्मकालीन आरोहण मौसममा निर्मल पुर्जाको 'इलिट एक्स्पेड' टोलीसहित धेरै अभियानहरूले शिखरोहणको प्रयास गरिरहेका थिए। पुर्जा सबै १४ वटा [[आठ हजारी|आठ हजार मिटरभन्दा अग्ला हिमालहरू]] तीन पटक आरोहण गर्ने र बिना अक्सिजन दुई पटक आरोहण गर्ने पहिलो व्यक्ति बन्ने प्रयासमा थिए। <ref name="benavides1">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-search-continues-shocked-k2-teams-abort-summit-push/ |title=Broad Peak Search Continues, Shocked K2 Teams Abort Summit Push |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731150228/https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-search-continues-shocked-k2-teams-abort-summit-push/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="benavides2">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-avalanche-four-bodies-found-helicopters-search-for-other-six/ |title=Broad Peak Avalanche: Two Bodies Found, Helicopters Search for Others |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731074902/https://explorersweb.com/broad-peak-avalanche-four-bodies-found-helicopters-search-for-other-six/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="benavides3">{{cite web |url=https://explorersweb.com/local-climber-tries-to-change-how-karakoram-expeditions-are-run/ |title=The View From Pakistan: A Local Climber Is Trying to Change How Karakoram Expeditions Are Run |author=Benavides, Angela |work=ExplorersWeb |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731231006/https://explorersweb.com/local-climber-tries-to-change-how-karakoram-expeditions-are-run/ |url-status=live }}</ref> हिमपहिरोमा परेका मध्ये धेरैजसो नेपालका अनुभवी शेर्पा गाइडहरू थिए। आइएफएमजिए प्रमाणित गाइड [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ]] (युक्ता) पुर्जाको इलिट एक्स्पेड टोलीका लागि कार्यरत गाइडहरूमध्ये एक थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> 'इम्याजिन नेपाल' टोलीका सबैभन्दा अनुभवी पर्वतारोहीहरूमध्येका एक किली "किलु" पेम्बा शेर्पा सन् २०२१ मा केटुको पहिलो हिउँदकालीन आरोहण पूरा गर्ने पुर्जा सहितको टोलीमा थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> निमा शेर्पा, नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा, र ग्यालु शेर्पा पनि हिमपहिरोमा पर्नेहरूमा थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> 'सेभेन समिट ट्रेक्स'बाट आरोहण गरिरहेकी ओमानकी [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]] सन् २०१९ मा [[सगरमाथा]]को सफल आरोहण गर्ने पहिलो ओमानी महिला बनेकी थिइन् र उनले यसअघि केटु तथा मनास्लुको आरोहण गरिसकेकी थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /> पाकिस्तानका कुशल पर्वतारोही सोहेल सखीले अमेरिकी क्लाइन्ट म्यालोरी गेसलाई गाइड गरिरहेका थिए, जो आफ्नो पहिलो आठ हजारी हिमाल अभियानमा थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /><ref name="benavides3" /> हिमपहिरो आउनुअघिका दिनहरूमा मौसमको अवस्था अस्थिर थियो। उक्त याममा अलि अघि हिमाल छाडेका एक पर्वतारोहीले १८ जुलाईमा ठुलो हावाहुरी आएको र सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्रमा हावाको गति उच्च हुनुका साथै आर्द्रता बढेको बताएका थिए, जसले २९ जुलाईसम्म नयाँ हिउँ परेको सङ्केत गर्दथ्यो।<ref name="benavides2" /> == हिमपहिरो == सन् २०२६ जुलाई ३० (२०८३ साउन १४) का दिन स्थानीय समय अनुसार बिहान करिब ९:३० बजे क्याम्प २ र क्याम्प ३ को बिचको भागमा शिखरतर्फ जाँदै गरेका १० जना पर्वतारोहीहरूलाई हिमपहिरोले बगाएको थियो। उनीहरूको स्याटेलाइट जिपिएस ट्र्याकरले केही सय मिटर द्रुत गतिमा तल खसेको रेकर्ड गरेको थियो; केही पर्वतारोहीहरू लगभग बेस क्याम्प नजिकै पुगेर रोकिएका थिए। पुर्जाको ट्र्याकरले उनी करिब {{cvt|800|m}} तल खसेको देखाएको थियो भने अल हार्थी पहाडको लगभग फेदीमै खसेकी थिइन्।<ref name="benavides2" /> हिमपहिरो गएको केही घण्टापछि मात्र हवाई उद्धारका लागि अनुरोध गरिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides2" /> == खोज तथा उद्धार == जुलाई ३१ को बिहान क्याम्प १ बाट खटिएका पैदल टोलीहरूसँगै दुईवटा हेलिकप्टरले हवाई खोज सुरु गरेका थिए।<ref name="benavides2" /> ड्रोनको उडानले थप शवहरू देखेको भए पनि तिनको पहिचान सम्भव थिएन, र केही बेपत्ता पर्वतारोहीहरूको जिपिएस ट्र्याकरले करिब {{cvt|5800|m}} को उचाइमा अनुमानित स्थान देखाएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /> 'अल्पाइन क्लब अफ पाकिस्तान'ले उद्धार कार्यको समन्वय गरेको थियो र पुर्जाको कम्पनी 'इलिट एक्स्पेड'ले खोजमा सघाउन थप नेपाली पर्वतारोहीहरूलाई पाकिस्तान उडाएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /> सहयोग गर्नका लागि छिमेकी केटु हिमालमा रहेका अधिकांश टोलीहरूले आफ्ना शिखरोहणका प्रयासहरू स्थगित गरेका थिए।<ref name="benavides1" /> == मानवीय क्षति == जुलाई ३१ मा, 'अल्पाइन क्लब अफ पाकिस्तान'ले अल हार्थी, गुरुङ, र गेस गरी मृतक तीन जना पर्वतारोहीहरूको पहिचान पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |last2=Baloch |first2=Shah Meer |date=31 July 2026 |title=World-renowned climber Nirmal Purja among 11 struck by avalanche on Pakistan mountain |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jul/31/nirmal-purja-10-climbers-missing-pakistan-broad-peak-mountain |access-date=1 August 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2026 |title=Pakistan avalanche: Race to rescue remaining climbers enters second day |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddjz1r01l8o |access-date=1 August 2026 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801111521/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddjz1r01l8o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="benavides2" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2026 |title=Search resumes for missing climbers after avalanche on Pakistan's Broad Peak |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-missing-climbers-search-resumed-broad-peak-2dae7b8a316072a82b84d27189795ec5 |access-date=1 August 2026 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801100709/https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-missing-climbers-search-resumed-broad-peak-2dae7b8a316072a82b84d27189795ec5 |url-status=live }}</ref> उनीहरूको शव 'काराकोरम आरोहण टोली'द्वारा ब्रोड पिक आधार शिविरको विपरीत हिमपहिरोको फेदीबाट फेला पारिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides2" /> जुलाई ३१ मा, एउटा ड्रोनले सात वटा शव देखेको थियो तर पहिचान पुष्टि गर्न नसक्दा १० जनामध्ये एक जना बेपत्ता रहेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Callaghan |first=Anna |last2=Schaffer |first2=Grayson |date=31 July 2026 |title=How Nims Purja's Himalayan climb ended in deadly disaster |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/nims-purja-avalanche-broad-peak-himalayas |access-date=31 July 2026 |website=National Geographic Adventure |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731215449/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/nims-purja-avalanche-broad-peak-himalayas |url-status=live }}</ref> चार वटा शव फेला परेको अघिल्लो रिपोर्टलाई पछि संशोधन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="benavides1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitehead |first=Jamie |last2=Kathmandu |first2=with reporting from Pradeep Bashyal in |last3=Islamabad |first3=Carrie Davies in |title=Two bodies found during search for 10 missing climbers after Pakistan avalanche |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cjd42d4jvxkt |access-date=31 July 2026 |website=BBC News |language=en|archive-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731225528/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cjd42d4jvxkt |url-status=live }}</ref> अगस्ट १ मा, 'इलिट एक्स्पेड' टोलीले आधिकारिक रूपमा आफ्नो सामाजिक सञ्जाल खाता मार्फत सबै पर्वतारोहीको मृत्यु भएको पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=|first=|date=२०८३ साउन १६|title=ब्रोड पिक हिमपहिरो : चारवटा शव भेटिँदा एकजना नेपाली र ओमानी आरोहीको परिचय खुल्यो|url=https://khabarhub.com/2026/31/1004523/ |access-date=२०८३ साउन २०|work=खबरहब|language=नेपाली }}</ref> === मृतकहरू === {| class="wikitable" |- ! नाम<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ! राष्ट्रियता |- | [[नधिरा अल हार्थी]] | {{झण्डा|ओमान}} |- | [[पुरबहादुर गुरुङ|पुरबहादुर गुरुङ ("युक्ता")]] | {{NPL}} |- | म्यालोरी गेस | {{USA}} |- | [[निर्मल पुर्जा|निर्मल पुर्जा ("निम्स दाई")]] | {{NPL}}/{{UK}} |- | सोहेल सखी | {{PAK}} |- | वाङ जोङ | {{CHN}} |- | किली "किलु" पेम्बा शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | निमा शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | नवाङ थिन्दु शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |- | ग्यालु शेर्पा | {{NPL}} |} == प्रतिक्रियाहरू == ओमानको विदेश मन्त्रालयले अल हार्थीको निधनप्रति सार्वजनिक रूपमा समवेदना व्यक्त गर्दै [[नेपाल]] र ओमानबिचको सम्बन्धलाई सुदृढ बनाउन उनले गरेको प्रयासको प्रशंसा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2026 |title=Oman' Foreign Ministery mourns mountaineer Nadhira Al Harthy |url=https://timesofoman.com/article/175106-oman-foreign-ministery-mourns-mountaineer-nadhira-al-harthy |work=[[Times of Oman]] |access-date=2 August 2026 |archive-date=2 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260802054853/https://timesofoman.com/article/175106-oman-foreign-ministery-mourns-mountaineer-nadhira-al-harthy |url-status=live }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:ब्रोड शिखर]] [[श्रेणी:एसियामा गएका हिमपहिरोहरू]] ixfu5l7xctvprbfnbfjsyydimm7sq1z 0 151122 1368412 2026-08-04T05:33:59Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा आएको हिमपहिरो]] पृष्ठलाई [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो]]मा सारियो 1368412 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[सन् २०२६ ब्रोड शिखरमा गएको हिमपहिरो]] q06bq5sihq3uczhojxjrzuibk67yfuz 828 151123 1368417 2022-08-25T16:30:59Z en>LuciferAhriman 0 [[WP:AES|←]]Created page with 'return { name = 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin ', top = 38.76, bottom = 34.2, left = 75.55, right = 82.6, image= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief location map.svg', image1= ' Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin location map.svg' }' 1368417 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin ', top = 38.76, bottom = 34.2, left = 75.55, right = 82.6, image= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief location map.svg', image1= ' Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin location map.svg' } 3hafd3pcw6rzhs75to1co3nwahlxn8f 1368418 1368417 2022-08-25T16:31:31Z en>LuciferAhriman 0 1368418 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin ', top = 38.76, bottom = 34.2, left = 75.55, right = 82.6, image= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief location map.svg', image1= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin location map.svg' } iz8x6c55lrkpq1rsm0ubtr3nnw5zeh3 1368419 1368418 2022-08-25T16:37:21Z en>LuciferAhriman 0 1368419 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin', top = 38.76, bottom = 34.2, left = 75.55, right = 82.6, image= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief location map.svg', image1= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin location map.svg' } 75irz8ltzqyvemxp6je72n6vvcuwv05 1368420 1368419 2026-08-04T08:23:01Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[:en:Module:Location_map/data/Trans-Karakoram_Tract_and_Aksai_Chin_relief]] बाट ३ संशोधन(हरू) 1368419 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin', top = 38.76, bottom = 34.2, left = 75.55, right = 82.6, image= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief location map.svg', image1= 'Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin location map.svg' } 75irz8ltzqyvemxp6je72n6vvcuwv05 0 151124 1368421 2026-08-04T08:28:32Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{छोटो विवरण|कश्मीरको चीन प्रशासित क्षेत्र}} {{Infobox territory | official_name = काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र | other_name = सक्सगाम क्षेत्र | native_name = <!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[सिन्जियाङ]]को भागको रूपमा [[चीन]... 1368421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|कश्मीरको चीन प्रशासित क्षेत्र}} {{Infobox territory | official_name = काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र | other_name = सक्सगाम क्षेत्र | native_name = <!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[सिन्जियाङ]]को भागको रूपमा [[चीन]]द्वारा प्रशासित क्षेत्र | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = दक्षिणी [[सिन्जियाङ]] क्षेत्रभित्र काराकोरम पार क्षेत्रको स्थिति, जसलाई भारतले दाबी गर्दछ | pushpin_mapsize = 300px | coordinates = {{coord|36|01|33|N|76|38|46|E|type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम राज्यहरूको सूची|प्रशासकीय राज्य]] | subdivision_name = [[चीन]] | subdivision_type1 = [[चीनका स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरू|स्वायत्त क्षेत्र]] | subdivision_name1 = [[सिन्जियाङ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[चीनका प्रान्तहरू|प्रान्त]] | subdivision_name2 = [[कास्गर प्रिफेक्चर|कास्गर]] | subdivision_type3 = काउन्टी | subdivision_name3 = [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी|तक्सकोर्गन]] र [[कारगिलिक काउन्टी|कारगिलिक]] | area_total_km2 = 5180 }} [[File:Kashmir Region November 2019.jpg|thumb|300px|[[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारतीय]] पूर्व [[कश्मीर तथा जम्मु (देशी राज्य)|जम्मू र कश्मीर रियासत]]को [[केन्द्रीय गुप्तचर संस्था]]को वर्तमान सीमाहरूसहितको नक्सा, जसले राज्यको उत्तरी भागमा काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र (रातो रेखाङ्कन) देखाउँछ।{{efn|[[सियाचिन हिमनदी]] नक्सामा "विवादित क्षेत्र" भनेर लेखिए तापनि भारतीय प्रशासनको अधीनमा छ।}}]] '''काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र''' ({{zh|c=喀喇昆仑走廊|p=Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng}}), जसलाई '''सक्सगाम क्षेत्र''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|شکسگام}}|translit=Shaksgām}}) पनि भनिन्छ, [[काराकोरम]] जलाधारको उत्तरमा रहेको [[सक्सगाम नदी|सक्सगाम उपत्यका]]सहित करिब ५,१८० वर्ग किलोमिटर (२,००० वर्ग माइल) को क्षेत्र हो।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trivei|first=Abishek|date=8 July 2019|title=Why the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement Is Unlawful in Light of the Recent ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, 2019|url=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2019/07/abhishek-trivedi-sino-pakistan-boundary/|access-date=2021-11-07|website=www.jurist.org}}</ref>{{sfn|Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|2015|p=238}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=101}} यो क्षेत्र चीनद्वारा [[सिन्जियाङ|सिन्झियाङ उइगुर स्वायत्त क्षेत्र]]का [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी|तक्सकोर्गन]] र [[येचेङ काउन्टी|येचेङ]] काउन्टीहरूको भागको रूपमा प्रशासित छ। सन् १९४७ मा भारतमा [[जम्मू र कश्मीरको विलय पत्र|जम्मू र काश्मीरको विलय]] पछि, भारतले यसका सम्पूर्ण भूभागमा सार्वभौमसत्ताको दाबी गरेको थियो। सन् १९५० को सीमा परिभाषामा, भारतले यारकन्द नदीको दक्षिणमा उत्तरी सीमालाई पछाडि सारेको थियो, तर जम्मू र काश्मीरभित्र सक्सगाम उपत्यकालाई समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref name="3rdedition">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016 |title=Complete Atlas Of The World |date=2016 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |edition=3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016/page/n239 238] |quote=(भारतद्वारा दावी गरिएङ्को) |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> तथापि, नजिकैको [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]] क्षेत्र [[पहिलो भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध|पहिलो कश्मीर युद्ध]] मार्फत पाकिस्तानी नियन्त्रणमा आएको थियो। पाकिस्तान र चीनले सन् १९६३ मा [[चीन-पाकिस्तान सीमा सम्झौता]]मा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए र सन् १८९९ को [[माकार्टनी-म्याकडोनाल्ड रेखा]]मा आधारित सीमालाई चीन र पाकिस्तानद्वारा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सीमाको रूपमा मान्यता दिइएको थियो।<ref name=":0252">{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |author-link=Alastair Lamb |title=Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy; 1846–1990 |date=1991 |publisher=Roxford Books |isbn=978-0-907129-06-6 |edition=1st |location=Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire |pages=40}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Noorani|first=A. G.|date=20 October 2006|title=Facing the truth|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30211220.ece|website=Frontline|quote=सक्सगाम उपत्यका कहिल्यै कश्मीरको भाग थिएन र कश्मीरको उत्तरी र पूर्वी सीमाहरू अपरिभाषित थिए।|author-link=A. G. Noorani}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite magazine |url =https://time.com/archive/6807801/pakistan-signing-with-the-red-chinese/ | title =Signing with the Red Chinese | magazine =[[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम]]|date =15 March 1963 | access-date =28 October 2019 |url-status = | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130318005638/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870184,00.html | archive-date =18 March 2013}}</ref> इस्लामाबादले यो क्षेत्र बेइजिङलाई "गैरकानुनी" रूपमा सुम्पने प्रयास गरेको भन्दै भारतले चीन-पाकिस्तान सम्झौतालाई कहिल्यै स्वीकार गरेको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=India lodges protest with China over its infra development in Shaksgam valley |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-protest-china-infra-development-shaksgam-valley-9303777/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> स्थानीय परम्परा अनुसार, सक्सगाममा रहेको एउटा पोलो मैदान सिगरका अमाचा शासकहरूले बनाएका थिए, र सिगरका राजाहरूले [[खोतान]]का अमिरहरूलाई त्यहाँ पोलो खेल्न आमन्त्रित गर्ने गर्दथे।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sering |first=Senge |date=1 December 2011 |title=Polo Diplomacy as Part of Indo-Pak CBMs: Any Takers? |url=https://archive.claws.co.in/732/polo-diplomacy-as-part-of-indo-pak-cbms-any-takers-senge-sering.html |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=archive.claws.co.in}}</ref> यो क्षेत्र विश्वकै सबैभन्दा विकट तथा प्रतिकूल क्षेत्रहरू मध्ये एक हो, जहाँ [[ब्रोड शिखर]], [[केटु हिमाल|केटु]] र [[गासेरब्रुम]] लगायत [[काराकोरम हिमशृङ्खला]]का केही सर्वोच्च हिमालहरू रहेका छन्। दक्षिण-पूर्वमा, यो भारतद्वारा नियन्त्रित [[सियाचिन हिमनदी]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको विश्वको सबैभन्दा अग्लो युद्धभूमिसँग जोडिएको छ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:कारकोरम]] [[श्रेणी:चीन पाकिस्तान सम्बन्ध]] cbqqlbd23t5n6r7o8yfv421meqtdbz2 1368422 1368421 2026-08-04T08:28:51Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[काराकोरम पार इलाका]] पृष्ठलाई [[काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र]]मा सारियो 1368421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|कश्मीरको चीन प्रशासित क्षेत्र}} {{Infobox territory | official_name = काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र | other_name = सक्सगाम क्षेत्र | native_name = <!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[सिन्जियाङ]]को भागको रूपमा [[चीन]]द्वारा प्रशासित क्षेत्र | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = दक्षिणी [[सिन्जियाङ]] क्षेत्रभित्र काराकोरम पार क्षेत्रको स्थिति, जसलाई भारतले दाबी गर्दछ | pushpin_mapsize = 300px | coordinates = {{coord|36|01|33|N|76|38|46|E|type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम राज्यहरूको सूची|प्रशासकीय राज्य]] | subdivision_name = [[चीन]] | subdivision_type1 = [[चीनका स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरू|स्वायत्त क्षेत्र]] | subdivision_name1 = [[सिन्जियाङ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[चीनका प्रान्तहरू|प्रान्त]] | subdivision_name2 = [[कास्गर प्रिफेक्चर|कास्गर]] | subdivision_type3 = काउन्टी | subdivision_name3 = [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी|तक्सकोर्गन]] र [[कारगिलिक काउन्टी|कारगिलिक]] | area_total_km2 = 5180 }} [[File:Kashmir Region November 2019.jpg|thumb|300px|[[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारतीय]] पूर्व [[कश्मीर तथा जम्मु (देशी राज्य)|जम्मू र कश्मीर रियासत]]को [[केन्द्रीय गुप्तचर संस्था]]को वर्तमान सीमाहरूसहितको नक्सा, जसले राज्यको उत्तरी भागमा काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र (रातो रेखाङ्कन) देखाउँछ।{{efn|[[सियाचिन हिमनदी]] नक्सामा "विवादित क्षेत्र" भनेर लेखिए तापनि भारतीय प्रशासनको अधीनमा छ।}}]] '''काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र''' ({{zh|c=喀喇昆仑走廊|p=Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng}}), जसलाई '''सक्सगाम क्षेत्र''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|شکسگام}}|translit=Shaksgām}}) पनि भनिन्छ, [[काराकोरम]] जलाधारको उत्तरमा रहेको [[सक्सगाम नदी|सक्सगाम उपत्यका]]सहित करिब ५,१८० वर्ग किलोमिटर (२,००० वर्ग माइल) को क्षेत्र हो।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trivei|first=Abishek|date=8 July 2019|title=Why the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement Is Unlawful in Light of the Recent ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, 2019|url=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2019/07/abhishek-trivedi-sino-pakistan-boundary/|access-date=2021-11-07|website=www.jurist.org}}</ref>{{sfn|Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|2015|p=238}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=101}} यो क्षेत्र चीनद्वारा [[सिन्जियाङ|सिन्झियाङ उइगुर स्वायत्त क्षेत्र]]का [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी|तक्सकोर्गन]] र [[येचेङ काउन्टी|येचेङ]] काउन्टीहरूको भागको रूपमा प्रशासित छ। सन् १९४७ मा भारतमा [[जम्मू र कश्मीरको विलय पत्र|जम्मू र काश्मीरको विलय]] पछि, भारतले यसका सम्पूर्ण भूभागमा सार्वभौमसत्ताको दाबी गरेको थियो। सन् १९५० को सीमा परिभाषामा, भारतले यारकन्द नदीको दक्षिणमा उत्तरी सीमालाई पछाडि सारेको थियो, तर जम्मू र काश्मीरभित्र सक्सगाम उपत्यकालाई समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref name="3rdedition">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016 |title=Complete Atlas Of The World |date=2016 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |edition=3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016/page/n239 238] |quote=(भारतद्वारा दावी गरिएङ्को) |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> तथापि, नजिकैको [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]] क्षेत्र [[पहिलो भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध|पहिलो कश्मीर युद्ध]] मार्फत पाकिस्तानी नियन्त्रणमा आएको थियो। पाकिस्तान र चीनले सन् १९६३ मा [[चीन-पाकिस्तान सीमा सम्झौता]]मा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए र सन् १८९९ को [[माकार्टनी-म्याकडोनाल्ड रेखा]]मा आधारित सीमालाई चीन र पाकिस्तानद्वारा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सीमाको रूपमा मान्यता दिइएको थियो।<ref name=":0252">{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |author-link=Alastair Lamb |title=Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy; 1846–1990 |date=1991 |publisher=Roxford Books |isbn=978-0-907129-06-6 |edition=1st |location=Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire |pages=40}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Noorani|first=A. G.|date=20 October 2006|title=Facing the truth|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30211220.ece|website=Frontline|quote=सक्सगाम उपत्यका कहिल्यै कश्मीरको भाग थिएन र कश्मीरको उत्तरी र पूर्वी सीमाहरू अपरिभाषित थिए।|author-link=A. G. Noorani}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite magazine |url =https://time.com/archive/6807801/pakistan-signing-with-the-red-chinese/ | title =Signing with the Red Chinese | magazine =[[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम]]|date =15 March 1963 | access-date =28 October 2019 |url-status = | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130318005638/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870184,00.html | archive-date =18 March 2013}}</ref> इस्लामाबादले यो क्षेत्र बेइजिङलाई "गैरकानुनी" रूपमा सुम्पने प्रयास गरेको भन्दै भारतले चीन-पाकिस्तान सम्झौतालाई कहिल्यै स्वीकार गरेको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=India lodges protest with China over its infra development in Shaksgam valley |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-protest-china-infra-development-shaksgam-valley-9303777/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> स्थानीय परम्परा अनुसार, सक्सगाममा रहेको एउटा पोलो मैदान सिगरका अमाचा शासकहरूले बनाएका थिए, र सिगरका राजाहरूले [[खोतान]]का अमिरहरूलाई त्यहाँ पोलो खेल्न आमन्त्रित गर्ने गर्दथे।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sering |first=Senge |date=1 December 2011 |title=Polo Diplomacy as Part of Indo-Pak CBMs: Any Takers? |url=https://archive.claws.co.in/732/polo-diplomacy-as-part-of-indo-pak-cbms-any-takers-senge-sering.html |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=archive.claws.co.in}}</ref> यो क्षेत्र विश्वकै सबैभन्दा विकट तथा प्रतिकूल क्षेत्रहरू मध्ये एक हो, जहाँ [[ब्रोड शिखर]], [[केटु हिमाल|केटु]] र [[गासेरब्रुम]] लगायत [[काराकोरम हिमशृङ्खला]]का केही सर्वोच्च हिमालहरू रहेका छन्। दक्षिण-पूर्वमा, यो भारतद्वारा नियन्त्रित [[सियाचिन हिमनदी]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको विश्वको सबैभन्दा अग्लो युद्धभूमिसँग जोडिएको छ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:कारकोरम]] [[श्रेणी:चीन पाकिस्तान सम्बन्ध]] cbqqlbd23t5n6r7o8yfv421meqtdbz2 1368424 1368422 2026-08-04T08:29:57Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1368424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|कश्मीरको चीन प्रशासित क्षेत्र}} {{Infobox territory | official_name = काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र | other_name = सक्सगाम क्षेत्र | native_name = <!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[सिन्जियाङ]]को भागको रूपमा [[चीन]]द्वारा प्रशासित क्षेत्र | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin relief | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = दक्षिणी [[सिन्जियाङ]] क्षेत्रभित्र काराकोरम पार क्षेत्रको स्थिति, जसलाई भारतले दाबी गर्दछ | pushpin_mapsize = 300px | coordinates = {{coord|36|01|33|N|76|38|46|E|type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम राज्यहरूको सूची|प्रशासकीय राज्य]] | subdivision_name = [[चीन]] | subdivision_type1 = [[चीनका स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरू|स्वायत्त क्षेत्र]] | subdivision_name1 = [[सिन्जियाङ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[चीनका प्रान्तहरू|प्रान्त]] | subdivision_name2 = [[कास्गर प्रिफेक्चर|कास्गर]] | subdivision_type3 = काउन्टी | subdivision_name3 = [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी|तक्सकोर्गन]] र [[कारगिलिक काउन्टी|कारगिलिक]] | area_total_km2 = 5180 }} [[File:Kashmir Region November 2019.jpg|thumb|300px|[[ब्रिटिस राज|ब्रिटिस भारतीय]] पूर्व [[कश्मीर तथा जम्मु (देशी राज्य)|जम्मू र कश्मीर रियासत]]को [[केन्द्रीय गुप्तचर संस्था]]को वर्तमान सीमाहरूसहितको नक्सा, जसले राज्यको उत्तरी भागमा काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र (रातो रेखाङ्कन) देखाउँछ।{{efn|[[सियाचिन हिमनदी]] नक्सामा "विवादित क्षेत्र" भनेर लेखिए तापनि भारतीय प्रशासनको अधीनमा छ।}}]] '''काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र''' ({{zh|c=喀喇昆仑走廊|p=Kālǎkūnlún zǒuláng}}), जसलाई '''सक्सगाम क्षेत्र''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|شکسگام}}|translit=Shaksgām}}) पनि भनिन्छ, [[काराकोरम]] जलाधारको उत्तरमा रहेको [[सक्सगाम नदी|सक्सगाम उपत्यका]]सहित करिब ५,१८० वर्ग किलोमिटर (२,००० वर्ग माइल) को क्षेत्र हो।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trivei|first=Abishek|date=8 July 2019|title=Why the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement Is Unlawful in Light of the Recent ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, 2019|url=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2019/07/abhishek-trivedi-sino-pakistan-boundary/|access-date=2021-11-07|website=www.jurist.org}}</ref>{{sfn|Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|2015|p=238}}{{sfn|Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict|2003|p=101}} यो क्षेत्र चीनद्वारा [[सिन्जियाङ|सिन्झियाङ उइगुर स्वायत्त क्षेत्र]]का [[तक्सकोर्गन ताजिक स्वायत्त काउन्टी|तक्सकोर्गन]] र [[येचेङ काउन्टी|येचेङ]] काउन्टीहरूको भागको रूपमा प्रशासित छ। सन् १९४७ मा भारतमा [[जम्मू र कश्मीरको विलय पत्र|जम्मू र काश्मीरको विलय]] पछि, भारतले यसका सम्पूर्ण भूभागमा सार्वभौमसत्ताको दाबी गरेको थियो। सन् १९५० को सीमा परिभाषामा, भारतले यारकन्द नदीको दक्षिणमा उत्तरी सीमालाई पछाडि सारेको थियो, तर जम्मू र काश्मीरभित्र सक्सगाम उपत्यकालाई समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref name="3rdedition">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016 |title=Complete Atlas Of The World |date=2016 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |edition=3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/CompleteAtlasOfTheWorld3rdEdition2016/page/n239 238] |quote=(भारतद्वारा दावी गरिएङ्को) |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> तथापि, नजिकैको [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]] क्षेत्र [[पहिलो भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध|पहिलो कश्मीर युद्ध]] मार्फत पाकिस्तानी नियन्त्रणमा आएको थियो। पाकिस्तान र चीनले सन् १९६३ मा [[चीन-पाकिस्तान सीमा सम्झौता]]मा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए र सन् १८९९ को [[माकार्टनी-म्याकडोनाल्ड रेखा]]मा आधारित सीमालाई चीन र पाकिस्तानद्वारा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सीमाको रूपमा मान्यता दिइएको थियो।<ref name=":0252">{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |author-link=Alastair Lamb |title=Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy; 1846–1990 |date=1991 |publisher=Roxford Books |isbn=978-0-907129-06-6 |edition=1st |location=Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire |pages=40}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Noorani|first=A. G.|date=20 October 2006|title=Facing the truth|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30211220.ece|website=Frontline|quote=सक्सगाम उपत्यका कहिल्यै कश्मीरको भाग थिएन र कश्मीरको उत्तरी र पूर्वी सीमाहरू अपरिभाषित थिए।|author-link=A. G. Noorani}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite magazine |url =https://time.com/archive/6807801/pakistan-signing-with-the-red-chinese/ | title =Signing with the Red Chinese | magazine =[[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम]]|date =15 March 1963 | access-date =28 October 2019 |url-status = | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130318005638/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870184,00.html | archive-date =18 March 2013}}</ref> इस्लामाबादले यो क्षेत्र बेइजिङलाई "गैरकानुनी" रूपमा सुम्पने प्रयास गरेको भन्दै भारतले चीन-पाकिस्तान सम्झौतालाई कहिल्यै स्वीकार गरेको छैन।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=India lodges protest with China over its infra development in Shaksgam valley |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-protest-china-infra-development-shaksgam-valley-9303777/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> स्थानीय परम्परा अनुसार, सक्सगाममा रहेको एउटा पोलो मैदान सिगरका अमाचा शासकहरूले बनाएका थिए, र सिगरका राजाहरूले [[खोतान]]का अमिरहरूलाई त्यहाँ पोलो खेल्न आमन्त्रित गर्ने गर्दथे।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sering |first=Senge |date=1 December 2011 |title=Polo Diplomacy as Part of Indo-Pak CBMs: Any Takers? |url=https://archive.claws.co.in/732/polo-diplomacy-as-part-of-indo-pak-cbms-any-takers-senge-sering.html |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=archive.claws.co.in}}</ref> यो क्षेत्र विश्वकै सबैभन्दा विकट तथा प्रतिकूल क्षेत्रहरू मध्ये एक हो, जहाँ [[ब्रोड शिखर]], [[केटु हिमाल|केटु]] र [[गासेरब्रुम]] लगायत [[काराकोरम हिमशृङ्खला]]का केही सर्वोच्च हिमालहरू रहेका छन्। दक्षिण-पूर्वमा, यो भारतद्वारा नियन्त्रित [[सियाचिन हिमनदी]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको विश्वको सबैभन्दा अग्लो युद्धभूमिसँग जोडिएको छ। == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:कारकोरम]] [[श्रेणी:चीन पाकिस्तान सम्बन्ध]] 5403quk7r8bfc9ddhksed7zmbb72g4q 0 151125 1368423 2026-08-04T08:28:52Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[काराकोरम पार इलाका]] पृष्ठलाई [[काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र]]मा सारियो 1368423 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[काराकोरम पार क्षेत्र]] eyf5v1oz50szj616p6q0qccf1ma8n1s 0 151126 1368425 2026-08-04T08:35:08Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1368425 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू]] bf1s1eh0hlgye9bci10iiyeygsfp11t 828 151127 1368426 2014-06-17T18:55:16Z en>RaviC 0 start 1368426 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 32.1, left = 72.4, right = 80.5, image = 'Gilgit Baltistan Location Map.svg' } m2b8rh7apb8nev8w7qcu7pmns0dv4rr 1368427 1368426 2020-04-17T05:52:42Z en>C1MM 0 Added relief map 1368427 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 32.1, left = 72.4, right = 80.5, image = 'Gilgit Baltistan Location Map.svg', image1 = 'Gilgit Baltistan relief map.svg' } cahm9h71rp0xmfvi8rghdyxbgm9txwc 1368428 1368427 2020-12-22T15:01:54Z en>Sbb1413 0 Soumya-8974 moved page [[Module:Location map/data/Gilgit Baltistan]] to [[Module:Location map/data/Gilgit-Baltistan]] without leaving a redirect 1368427 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 32.1, left = 72.4, right = 80.5, image = 'Gilgit Baltistan Location Map.svg', image1 = 'Gilgit Baltistan relief map.svg' } cahm9h71rp0xmfvi8rghdyxbgm9txwc 1368429 1368428 2020-12-22T20:49:16Z en>Rfwang4 0 Rfwang4 moved page [[Module:Location map/data/Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Module:Location map/data/Gilgit Baltistan]] without leaving a redirect: Moving this page has broken dozens of maps in article infoboxes (most notably K2) 1368427 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 32.1, left = 72.4, right = 80.5, image = 'Gilgit Baltistan Location Map.svg', image1 = 'Gilgit Baltistan relief map.svg' } cahm9h71rp0xmfvi8rghdyxbgm9txwc 1368430 1368429 2022-07-14T05:34:12Z en>C1MM 0 Added maps which shows detail of gilgit-baltistan better. Disputed boundaries are still shown as de-facto. 1368430 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 34.42, left = 77.98, right = 80.5, image = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan location map.svg', image1 = 'Gilgit-Baltistan relief map.svg' } tw7r0jsds0gzzr09y86jz78kyi6bieo 1368431 1368430 2022-07-14T05:35:04Z en>C1MM 0 Fixed left coord 1368431 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 34.42, left = 72.4, right = 77.98, image = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan location map.svg', image1 = 'Gilgit-Baltistan relief map.svg' } e6hj7ukwzqij6r01gstshdnss265a88 1368432 1368431 2024-04-24T05:23:01Z en>CommonsDelinker 0 Replacing Gilgit-Baltistan_relief_map.svg with [[File:Pakistan_Gilgit-Baltistan_relief_map.svg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: standard name). 1368432 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 34.42, left = 72.4, right = 77.98, image = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan location map.svg', image1 = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan relief map.svg' } k2omenflf5hy3c812opchtd4yg4wegv 1368433 1368432 2026-08-04T08:38:37Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[:en:Module:Location_map/data/Gilgit_Baltistan]] बाट ७ संशोधन(हरू) 1368432 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Gilgit Baltistan', top = 37.2, bottom = 34.42, left = 72.4, right = 77.98, image = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan location map.svg', image1 = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan relief map.svg' } k2omenflf5hy3c812opchtd4yg4wegv 1368434 1368433 2026-08-04T08:39:34Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1368434 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'गिलगित बल्तिस्तान', top = 37.2, bottom = 34.42, left = 72.4, right = 77.98, image = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan location map.svg', image1 = 'Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan relief map.svg' } 1l8zfpjt19q9vegd7ryqv94qkoq3ibg 0 151128 1368436 2026-08-04T09:09:14Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 नयाँ लेख 1368436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | religion = [[सिख धर्म]] | name = गुरु हरि कृष्ण | native_name = ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ | native_name_lang = pa | image = Detail of a miniature painting depicting Guru Har Krishan, the eighth Sikh guru, gouache on paper, ca.1820.jpg | alt = | caption = आठौँ सिख गुरु गुरु हरि कृष्णलाई चित्रण गरिएको लघुचित्रको विवरण, कागजमा ग्वास प्रविधि, लगभग सन् १८२० | birth_name = किशन दास सोढी | birth_date = ७ जुलाई १६५६<ref name="Kohli1992p12" /> | birth_place = [[कीरतपुर साहिब]], [[लाहोर सुबा]], [[मुगल साम्राज्य]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1664|3|30|1656|7|7|df=y}}<ref name="Kohli1992p12" /> | death_place = [[पुरानो दिल्ली|दिल्ली]], मुगल साम्राज्य | resting_place = | period = १६६१–१६६४ | other_names = {{ubl|''बाल गुरु'' ("बाल गुरु")|आठौँ गुरु|आठौँ नानक|बाला प्रीतम |गुरु हरि कृष्ण}} | occupation = | predecessor = [[गुरु हरि राय]] | successor = [[गुरु तेग बहादुर]] | spouse = <!-- ''none'' --> | children = <!-- ''none'' --> | father = [[गुरु हरि राय]] | mother = माता कृष्ण देवी | death_cause = [[चेचक]] | signature = Authentic signature (neeshan) of Guru Har Krishan.tif | location = कीरतपुर साहिब (१६६१–१६६४) }} '''गुरु हरि कृष्ण''' ([[गुरुमुखी]]: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ, उच्चारण: {{IPA|pa|ɡʊruː həɾ kɾɪʃən|}}; ७ जुलाई १६५६–३० मार्च १६६४<ref name="Kohli1992p12">{{cite book |author=Mohindar Pal Kohli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3H1XAEqCOqAC&pg=PA12 |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: Testimony of Conscience |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7201-234-2 |pages=12–13}}</ref>), '''बाल गुरु'''(बाल [[गुरु]])<ref name="singha">HS Singha (2009), The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Hemkunt Press, {{ISBN|978-8170103011}}, pp. 96–97</ref> वा '''हरि कृष्ण साहिब'''<ref name="Fenech2014p148">{{cite book |author1=Louis E. Fenech |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |author2=W. H. McLeod |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1 |page=148}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Pashaura Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT951 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |author2=Louis E. Fenech |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-100412-4 |page=951}}</ref> नामले पनि परिचित, दस [[सिख गुरु|सिख गुरु]]मध्ये आठौँ गुरु थिए। पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा उनले आफ्ना पिता [[गुरु हरि राय]]को उत्तराधिकारीका रूपमा गुरुगद्दी सम्हाले<ref name="singha" /> र सिख धर्मको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा कम उमेरका गुरु बने। सन् १६६४ मा उनलाई [[चेचक]]को संक्रमण भयो र आठौँ जन्मदिन पुग्नुअघि नै उनको निधन भयो। उनको गुरुगद्दीको अवधि केवल दुई वर्ष, पाँच महिना र २४ दिन रहेको थियो, जुन सबै सिख गुरुमध्ये सबैभन्दा छोटो कार्यकाल हो। उहाँको निधन हुनुअघि '''"बाबा बकाले"''' भन्नुभएको प्रसंगका लागि सिख परम्परामा उहाँलाई विशेष रूपमा स्मरण गरिन्छ। सिखहरूले यस भनाइलाई उहाँका काकाका छोरा [[गुरु तेग बहादुर]]लाई आफ्नो उत्तराधिकारीका रूपमा संकेत गरेको अर्थमा व्याख्या गरेका छन्।<ref name=singha /><ref name="Fenech2014p148" /> ==जीवनी== [[File:Miniature painting of Guru Har Krishan conversing with a Hill Raja, with attendants standing by, circa early 19th century.jpg|thumb|लगभग १९औँ शताब्दीको प्रारम्भतिरको लघुचित्र, जसमा गुरु हरि कृष्ण एक पहाडी राजासँग कुराकानी गरिरहेको र सेवकहरू नजिकै उभिएको देखाइएको छ]] हरि कृष्णको जन्म २० जुलाई १६५२ मा उत्तरपश्चिमी [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]को [[शिवालिक पहाड]]स्थित [[कीरतपुर साहिब]]मा सातौँ सिख गुरु [[गुरु हरि राय]] र कृष्ण देवी (माता सुलखनी)का पुत्रका रूपमा भएको थियो।<ref>Sikh History in 10 Volumes.</ref> उनको परिवार [[खत्री]]हरूको [[सोढी]] कुलसँग सम्बन्धित थियो। मुगल साम्राज्यको सिंहासनका लागि शाहजहाँका छोराहरूबीच उत्तराधिकारको युद्ध हुँदा हरि कृष्णका पिता [[मुगल साम्राज्य]]को सिंहासनका लागि दुई भाइबीच सुरु भएको उत्तराधिकार संघर्षमा रूढिवादी सुन्नी विचारबाट प्रभावित [[औरंगजेब]]को सट्टा उदारवादी [[सूफीवाद|सूफी]] विचारबाट प्रभावित [[दारा शिकोह]]को पक्षमा थिए।<ref name="Mandair2013p50">{{cite book |author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |title=Sikhism: the Guide for the Perplexed |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7 |pages=50–51}}</ref> सन् १६५८ मा औरंगजेबले उत्तराधिकारको युद्ध जितेपछि उनले आफ्ना भाइको हत्या गरे र त्यसपछि गुरु हरि रायलाई आफ्नो दरबारमा बोलाएर दारा शिकोहलाई समर्थन गर्नुको कारणबारे स्पष्टीकरण मागे। तर, गुरु हरि रायले आफ्नो प्रतिनिधिका रूपमा १३ वर्षीय जेठा छोरा [[बाबा राम राय|राम राय]]लाई पठाए। औरंगजेबले राम रायलाई बन्धक बनाएर [[आदि ग्रन्थ]]मा रहेको एउटा श्लोकबारे प्रश्न गरे, जसले मुस्लिमहरूलाई अपमान गरेको उनको दाबी थियो।<ref name="britharrai">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Har-Rai Har Rai: Sikh Guru], Encyclopædia Britannica (2015)</ref><ref name="Grewal1998p67">{{cite book|author=J. S. Grewal|title=The Sikhs of the Punjab|url= https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew|url-access=registration|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-63764-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> सिख धर्मग्रन्थको पक्षमा अडिग रहनुको सट्टा राम रायले औरंगजेबलाई खुसी पार्न उक्त श्लोकलाई परिवर्तन गरे। यस कार्यका कारण गुरु हरि रायले उनलाई सिख समुदायबाट बहिष्कृत गरे र आफ्ना पाँच वर्षीय कान्छा छोरा हरि कृष्णलाई आफ्नो उत्तराधिकारीका रूपमा मनोनीत गरे।<ref name="britharrai" /><ref>{{cite book|author1=William Owen Cole|author2=Piara Singh Sambhi|title=The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC&pg=PA33 |year=1995|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-898723-13-4|pages=33–34}}</ref> ती बालक ७ अक्टोबर १६६१ मा सिख धर्मका आठौँ गुरु बने।<ref name="Kohli1992p12" /> [[औरंगजेब]]ले यसैबीच राम रायलाई पुरस्कृत गर्दै हिमालयको [[देहरादून]] क्षेत्रमा भूमिदान प्रदान गरेका थिए। हरि कृष्णले सिख गुरुको पद सम्हालेको केही वर्षपछि औरंगजेबले [[जय सिंह प्रथम|राजा जय सिंह]]मार्फत उनलाई दिल्लीस्थित आफ्नो दरबारमा बोलाए। उनको स्पष्ट उद्देश्य बाल गुरु हरि कृष्णलाई उनका जेठा भाइ राम रायले प्रतिस्थापन गराउने थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Takhar |first1=Opinderjit Opinderjit |title=Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities |last2=Jakobsh |first2=Doris R. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2023 |isbn=9781000847352 |series=Routledge Critical Sikh Studies |quote=Again, the emperor summoned Guru Har Krishan to Delhi through Raja Jai Singh who hosted the young Guru in his bungalow. Anticipating that the emperor would insist that he demonstrate miraculous feats, the Guru refused to meet him in person. Meanwhile, an epidemic of smallpox was raging in the city of Delhi, and the Guru came out of Raja Jai Singh's bungalow to tend the sick. During the service of healing the sick Guru Har Krishan was himself afflicted with the disease of smallpox, which ravaged his body. He made the pronouncement of designating his successor as "Baba Bakale", meaning that the next Guru would be found in the town of Bakala. He was specifically referring to his great-uncle, Tegh Bahadur (youngest son of Guru Hargobind), who lived at the town of Bakala at that time. His sagacious decision once again frustrated Aurangzeb's attempts to bring the mainstream Sikh community under control. Guru Har Krishan passed away on March 30, 1664.}}</ref> सन् १६६४ मा हरि कृष्ण दिल्ली आइपुग्दा उनलाई [[चेचक]]को संक्रमण भयो र औरंगजेबसँग हुने उनको भेट रद्द गरियो। केही स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, हरि कृष्णले [[मुगल सम्राट]]सँग भेट्न स्पष्ट रूपमा अस्वीकार गरेकाले उक्त भेट रद्द भएको थियो, किनकि उनले औरंगजेबले आफूलाई सिख धर्ममा निषेधित चमत्कारहरू प्रदर्शन गर्न बाध्य पार्न सक्ने पूर्वानुमान गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0" /> हरि कृष्णको बिरामी अवस्था, जुन आफ्ना अनुयायीहरूलाई सफलतापूर्वक उपचार गर्ने क्रममा उनलाई चेचकको संक्रमण भएपछि उत्पन्न भएको हुन सक्ने बताइन्छ, अन्ततः उनलाई केवल साढे सात वर्षको उमेरमै मृत्युको अवस्थामा पुर्‍यायो।<ref name="Fenech2014p148" /> सिख इतिहासकार [[कवि सन्तोक सिंह]]ले बाल गुरुका अन्तिम क्षणहरूको वर्णन गरेका छन्। उनले ''संगत'' अर्थात् धार्मिक समुदायसँग संवाद गर्दै आफू मृत्युको मुखमा पुग्नुका धेरै कारणहरू रहेको बताए, तर ती कारणहरूको विस्तृत चर्चा गर्नु आवश्यक नभएको उल्लेख गरे, किनकि गुरु नानक देवको ''गद्दी'' (गुरुगद्दी), अर्थात् गुरुहरूको उत्तराधिकारको परम्परा, निरन्तर र गौरवशाली रहनेछ। शरीर अस्थायी मात्र भएकाले वास्तविक गुरु [[गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिब|ग्रन्थ साहिब]], अर्थात् सिख धर्मको पवित्र धर्मग्रन्थ हो भन्ने उनले बताए। त्यसैले उनलाई हेर्न वा उनीसँग संवाद गर्न चाहनेहरूले केवल ग्रन्थ साहिबलाई हेरेर, पढेर वा सुनेर त्यसो गर्न सक्ने उनले बताए। त्यसपछि समुदायले उनलाई आफूहरूलाई नेतृत्वविहीन अवस्थामा नछोड्न र उनीजस्तै उत्तराधिकारी प्रदान गरी आशीर्वाद दिन अनुरोध गर्‍यो। त्यसपछि उनले एउटा नरिवल र पाँच [[पैसा]] मागे—जुन सिखहरूका लागि प्रतीकात्मक महत्त्व राख्ने कार्य थियो—र त्यसपछि आगामी गुरुको महानताको वर्णन गर्दै उनले लाखौँ अनुयायीहरू आकर्षित गर्ने तथा सिख धर्मलाई उल्लेखनीय रूपमा विस्तार र विकसित गर्ने बताए।<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Santokh |url=https://ia800905.us.archive.org/16/items/SriGuruPartapSurajGranth12Raas10/Sri%20Guru%20Partap%20Suraj%20Granth%2012%20Raas10.pdf |title=Mr |publisher=Baljinder Singh 16914 Lassen Street, Northridge, CA 91343 USA |year=2009 |edition=1 |location=Northridge, CA, USA |pages=368–377 |language=pa}}</ref> त्यसपछि उनले '''"बाबा बसे जे ग्राम बिकाले"''' भन्ने उच्चारण गरे, जसलाई ''संगत''ले उनको उत्तराधिकारी [[बकाला]] गाउँमा रहनेछन् भन्ने अर्थमा व्याख्या गर्‍यो। पछि [[गुरु तेग बहादुर|तेग बहादुर]] (हरि कृष्णका काकाका छोरा)लाई त्यहाँबाट नवौँ सिख गुरुका रूपमा पहिचान गरियो।<ref name="Mandair2013p50" /><ref name="Fenech2014p148" /> यस घटनाले औरंगजेबलाई निकै निराश बनायो, किनकि उनी सिख समुदायमाथि नियन्त्रण कायम गर्न राम रायलाई उक्त पदमा नियुक्त गराउन चाहन्थे।<ref name=":0" /> == इतिहासलेखन == गुरु हरि कृष्णको जीवन र समयबारे थप विवरण दिने प्रामाणिक साहित्य दुर्लभ छ र यससम्बन्धी अभिलेखहरू पनि पर्याप्त रूपमा व्यवस्थित छैनन्।<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|page=41}}</ref> उहाँबारे केही जीवनीहरू, विशेषगरी उहाँकी आमा को थिइन् भन्ने विषयमा, १८औँ शताब्दीमा—विशेष रूपमा केसर सिंह छिब्बरद्वारा—तथा १९औँ शताब्दीमा लेखिएका थिए। यद्यपि, ती विवरणहरूमा उल्लेखनीय असंगतता रहेको मानिन्छ।<ref>{{cite book|author=Surjit Singh Gandhi|title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&pg=PA590 |year=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers |isbn=978-81-269-0858-5|pages=590–591 with note 2}}</ref> == चित्रदीर्घा == <gallery> File:Front view of Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Delhi.jpg|[[गुरुद्वारा]] [[बङ्गला साहिब]], दिल्लीका [[जय सिंह प्रथम|राजा जय सिंह]]को निवासस्थान,<ref name="Macauliffe3">{{cite book |author=Macauliffe |title=Sikh Religion – Vol4 [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.69685/page/n335|p. 320]] |publisher=Oxford |year=1909 |pages=320}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> जहाँ गुरु हरि कृष्णको निधन भएको थियो—हाल यो उत्तर भारतका प्रसिद्ध गुरुद्वारामध्ये एक हो File:Gurudwara Panjokhra Sahib, Haryana.jpg|[[हरियाणा]]को [[अम्बाला]]स्थित [[गुरुद्वारा]] पञ्जोखरा साहिब, जहाँ गुरु हरि कृष्णले दिल्ली जाने क्रममा भ्रमण गरेका थिए—हाल यो उहाँको स्मृतिमा समर्पित छ File:Sri Guru Har Krishan Ji Gurudwara Pothi Mala.jpg|लगभग सन् १७४५ को गुरु हरि कृष्णको भित्तेचित्र File:Guru Har Krishan painting.jpg|लगभग सन् १७००–१७५० को गुरु हरि कृष्णको चित्र, जसमा एक सेवकले उहाँलाई पंखा हम्किरहेको देखाइएको छ File:Guru Har Krishan miniature painting.jpg|गुरु हरि कृष्णको लघुचित्र File:Guru Har Krishan being worshipped by his followers.jpg|गुरु हरि कृष्णसमक्ष नतमस्तक हुँदै गरेका श्रद्धालुहरू File:Original structure of Gurudwara Sri Sheesh Mahal Sahib, Kiratpur Sahib.jpg|गुरु हरि कृष्णको जन्मस्थान [[कीरतपुर साहिब]]स्थित [[गुरुद्वारा]] श्री शीश महल साहिबको मूल संरचना </gallery> {{clear}} == सन्दर्भ == {{reflist|30em}} == बाह्य लिङ्कहरू == {{Portal|भारत|जीवनी|पञ्जाब}} *[http://www.sikhs.org/guru8.htm Sikhs.org] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090505091438/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak8.html Sikh-History.com] {{s-start}} {{succession box | before = [[गुरु हरि राय]] | title = [[सिख गुरु|सिख गुरु]] | years = ६ अक्टोबर १६६१ – ३० मार्च १६६४ | after = [[गुरु तेग बहादुर]] }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 3wq8suic51oyvx9uycy0d73q2k4s38l 0 151129 1368440 2026-08-04T10:24:41Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 नयाँ लेख 1368440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | religion = [[सिख धर्म]] | name = गुरु तेग बहादुर | image = Contemporary painting of Guru Tegh Bahadur by Ahsan, ca.1667–68 (detail).jpg | alt = | caption = [[शाइस्ता खान]]का, बंगालका गभर्नर, दरबारी चित्रकार एहसानद्वारा लगभग सन् १६६८–६९ मा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको चित्र | birth_name = त्याग मल | birth_date = {{Birth-date| १ अप्रिल १६२१}} | birth_place = [[अमृतसर]], [[लाहोर सुबा|लाहोर सुबा]], [[मुगल साम्राज्य]] <br /> {{small|(हालको [[पञ्जाब, भारत|पञ्जाब]], [[भारत]])}} | death_date = <!-- Death date, not commemoration date --> {{Death-date and age| ११ नोभेम्बर १६७५| १ अप्रिल १६२१}} | death_place = [[पुरानो दिल्ली|दिल्ली]], [[मुगल साम्राज्य]] <br /> {{small|(हालको [[भारत]])}} | death_cause = [[शिरच्छेद|शिरच्छेदद्वारा मृत्युदण्ड]] | period = १६६४–१६७५ | known_for = * गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिबका लागि रचित भजनहरू * मुगल सम्राट [[औरंगजेब]]को शासनकालमा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको।<ref name="pslf" /><ref>Gill, Sarjit S., and Charanjit Kaur (2008), "Gurdwara and its politics: Current debate on Sikh identity in Malaysia", SARI: Journal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Vol. 26 (2008), pages 243–255, Quote: "Guru Tegh Bahadur died in order to protect the freedom of India from invading Mughals."</ref><ref name=cs2013/><ref name=sg2007>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit|title=History of Sikh gurus retold|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-81-269-0858-5|pages=653–91}}</ref> * [[आनन्दपुर साहिब]]का संस्थापक | spouse = [[माता गुजरी]] | children = [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]] | parents = [[गुरु हरगोबिन्द]] र [[माता नानकी]] | predecessor = [[गुरु हरि कृष्ण]] | successor = [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]] | battles = [[प्रारम्भिक मुगल–सिख युद्धहरू]]<br>[[करतारपुरको युद्ध]] (१६३५), ढुबरीको झडप (१६६९) | native_name = ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ | native_name_lang = pa | signature = Authentic signature (neeshan) of Guru Tegh Bahadur.jpg | signature_size = 80px | other_names = नवौँ गुरु<br>नवौँ नानक<br>''सृष्टि-दी-चादर'' ("विश्वको ढाल")<br>''धरम-दी-चादर'' ("[[धर्म]]को ढाल")<br>''हिन्द-दी-चादर'' ("[[हिन्दुस्तान|भारत]]को ढाल") | location = आनन्दपुर साहिब (१६६४–१६७५) }} [[File: Guru Teg bahadur ji.jpg|thumb|[[गुरुद्वारा शीश गञ्ज साहिब]]को आन्तरिक दृश्य|456x456px]] '''गुरु तेग बहादुर''' ([[पञ्जाबी भाषा|पञ्जाबी]]: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ <small>([[गुरुमुखी]])</small>; {{IPA|pa|gʊɾuː t̯eːɣ bəɦaːd̯ʊɾᵊ}}; १ अप्रिल १६२१ – ११ नोभेम्बर १६७५)<ref>{{cite book|title=Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism|year=1984|publisher=Manchester University Press|pages=32–33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj28AAAAIAAJ|author=W. H. McLeod|access-date=14 November 2013|isbn=9780719010637|archive-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218101303/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj28AAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Ninth Master Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)|url=http://www.sikhs.org/guru9.htm|website=sikhs.org|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107050930/http://www.sikhs.org/guru9.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[सिख धर्म]]का संस्थापक दस [[सिख गुरु|गुरु]]मध्ये नवौँ गुरु तथा सन् १६६४ देखि १६७५ मा [[शिरच्छेद|शिरच्छेद गरिनु]]अघिसम्म [[सिख|सिखहरू]]का नेता थिए। उनको जन्म सन् १६२१ मा भारतको [[पञ्जाब]]स्थित [[अमृतसर]]मा भएको थियो। उनी छैटौँ सिख गुरु [[गुरु हरगोबिन्द साहिब|गुरु हरगोबिन्द]]का कान्छा छोरा थिए। सिद्धान्तप्रति दृढ र निर्भीक योद्धाका रूपमा परिचित उनी विद्वान आध्यात्मिक चिन्तक तथा कवि पनि थिए। उनका ११५ वटा भजन [[श्री गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिब|गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिब]]मा समावेश छन्, जुन सिख धर्मको प्रमुख धर्मग्रन्थ हो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-24 |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day: Know all about the great Sikh Guru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guru-tegh-bahadur-martyrdom-day-know-all-about-the-great-sikh-guru/articleshow/95735925.cms |access-date=2026-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> उनले सन् १६६४ मा [[आनन्दपुर साहिब]]को स्थापना गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann|first=Gurinder Singh|title=The Making of Sikh Scripture|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195130249|pages=9|chapter=Table 1. Towns Associated with the Sikh Gurus}}</ref> गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई छैटौँ [[मुगल साम्राज्य|मुगल]] सम्राट [[औरंगजेब]]को आदेशमा भारतको [[दिल्ली]]मा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको थियो।<ref name="cs2013">{{cite book|last=Seiple|first=Chris|title=The Routledge handbook of religion and security|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-66744-9|location=New York|page=96}}</ref><ref name="bbcgtb">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|title=Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=20 October 2016|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fenech4">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=236–238|access-date=12 June 2017|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504190932/https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}};<br />{{cite journal | last=Fenech | first=Louis E. | title=Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | publisher= American Oriental Society | volume=121 | issue=1 | year=2001 |doi=10.2307/606726 | pages=20–31| jstor=606726 }};<br />{{cite journal | last=Fenech | first=Louis E. | title=Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | publisher=American Oriental Society | volume=117 | issue=4 | year=1997 | doi=10.2307/606445 | pages=623–642| jstor=606445 }};<br />{{cite journal | last=McLeod | first=Hew | title=Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab | journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=22 | issue=sup001 | year=1999 | issn=0085-6401 | doi=10.1080/00856408708723379 | pages=155–165}}</ref> दिल्लीस्थित सिख धर्मका पवित्र स्थल [[गुरुद्वारा शीश गञ्ज साहिब]] र [[गुरुद्वारा रकाब गञ्ज साहिब]]ले क्रमशः गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको र उहाँको दाहसंस्कार गरिएको स्थानलाई चिनाउँछन्।<ref name="singharakab">{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=169|access-date=30 October 2016|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920113541/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C|url-status=live}}</ref> उहाँको शहादत दिवस (''शहीदी दिवस'') भारतमा प्रत्येक वर्ष २४ नोभेम्बरमा स्मरण गरिन्छ।<ref name="nesbitt122">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Nesbitt|title=Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874557-0|pages=6, 122–123|access-date=9 March 2017|archive-date=9 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309075522/https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> गुरु तेग बहादुर र औरंगजेबबीचको द्वन्द्वका कारण तथा त्यसपछि गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई दिइएको मृत्युदण्डबारे ऐतिहासिक स्रोतहरूमा फरक–फरक विवरण पाइन्छ। सिख स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, गुरु तेग बहादुरले औरंगजेबका असहिष्णु नीतिहरूको विरोध गर्दै गैर-मुस्लिमहरूको स्वतन्त्रता र अधिकारको रक्षा गरेका थिए। यसको विपरीत, मुगल स्रोतहरूमा गुरु तेग बहादुरले पञ्जाब क्षेत्रमा गैर-मुस्लिमहरूबाट जबर्जस्ती कर असुल गरिरहेको उल्लेख गरिएको छ। साथै, गुरुगद्दीका दाबेदार रहेका गुरुका परिवारका केही सदस्यहरूले औरंगजेबलाई गुरु तेग बहादुरप्रति वैरभाव उत्पन्न गराउन भूमिका खेलेको पनि उल्लेख पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Torri |first=Michelguglielmo |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_History_of_India/L9k5EQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=guru+tegh+bahadur&pg=PA351&printsec=frontcover |title=A History of India Volume 1: From the First Human Settlements to the Mughal Empire |date=2025-02-25 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-83765-144-3 |pages=351 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Sikhism/xajcAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tegh+bahadur+execution&pg=PA305&printsec=frontcover|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|date=2014-06-11|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|language=en|first=Louis E.|last=Fenech|first2=W. H.|last2=McLeod|pages=305|quote=According to Muslim sources he was taken as a brigand. Sikh sources, however, vigorously resist this claim.}}</ref> === यात्राहरू === गुरु तेग बहादुरले [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]का विभिन्न क्षेत्रहरूमा व्यापक यात्रा गरेका थिए। तीमध्ये [[ढाका]] र [[असम]] पनि पर्दछन्। उनले पहिलो सिख गुरु [[गुरु नानक]]का शिक्षाहरूको प्रचार गरे। उनले भ्रमण गरेका तथा केही समय बसेका स्थानहरू पछि सिख धार्मिक स्थलहरूका रूपमा विकसित भए।<ref>{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H.S.|title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|pages=139–40}}</ref> आफ्ना यात्राका क्रममा उनले समुदायका लागि खानेपानी उपलब्ध गराउन थुप्रै सार्वजनिक कुवाहरू निर्माण गराउनुका साथै गरिब तथा आवश्यकतामा रहेका मानिसहरूका लागि ''[[लङ्गर (सिख धर्म)|लङ्गर]]'' (सामुदायिक भान्साघर) स्थापना गरे।<ref name="ps189">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Prithi|title=The history of Sikh gurus|publisher=Lotus Press|year=2006|isbn=978-81-8382-075-2|pages=187–89}}</ref><ref name="rp88">{{cite book|last=Pruthi|first=Raj|title=Sikhism and Indian civilization|year=2004|isbn=978-81-7141-879-4|page=88|publisher=Discovery Publishing House }}</ref> तेग बहादुरले [[मथुरा]], [[आगरा]], [[प्रयागराज|इलाहाबाद]] र [[वाराणसी]]लगायतका सहरहरूको भ्रमण गरेका थिए।<ref name="nsxviii">{{cite book |author=Gobind Singh (Translated by Navtej Sarna) |title=Zafarnama |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-670-08556-9 |pages=xviii–xix}}</ref> उनी [[असम]]को [[धुबरी]]मा रहेका बेला सन् १६६६ मा उनका छोरा [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]], जो पछि दसौँ सिख गुरु बने, [[पटना]]मा जन्मिएका थिए। हाल धुबरीमा [[गुरुद्वारा श्री गुरु तेग बहादुर साहिब]] अवस्थित छ। सिख स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, असममा रहँदा गुरु तेग बहादुरले [[राम सिंह प्रथम|राजा राम सिंह]] र अहोम शासक [[सुपुंगमुंग|राजा चक्रध्वज सिंह]] (सुपुंगमुंग) बीच शान्ति स्थापना गराउन मध्यस्थता गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Dharam |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: His Life, Travel and Message |last2=Singh |first2=Paramvir |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |year=2022 |isbn=9789354095832 |quote=There took place one battle between the opposing forces of Ram Singh and the Ahom king, named Chakradhwaj, but it remained inconclusive. According to Sikh chronicles, the Guru was able to arrange a truce between the opposing forces and opened the way for a negotiated settlement. The Guru succeeded in bringing about a rapprochement between them and thus more bloodshed was avoided. To celebrate the happy conclusion, soldiers of Ram Singh's camp raised a high mound on the bank of the Brahmputra, each soldier contributing five shields of earth. On the top of this mound now stands Thara Sahib or Damdama Sahib ...}}</ref><ref name="ps189" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Mohindar |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: testimony of conscience |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7201-234-2 |pages=25–27}}</ref> असम, बंगाल र बिहारको भ्रमणपछि गुरु तेग बहादुरले [[बिलासपुर, हिमाचल प्रदेश|बिलासपुर]]की रानी चम्पाको भ्रमण गरे। रानीले गुरुलाई आफ्नो राज्यमा केही भूमि प्रदान गर्ने प्रस्ताव राखिन्। गुरुले उक्त स्थान ५०० [[भारतीय रुपैयाँ|रुपैयाँ]]मा खरिद गरे। त्यहाँ उनले हिमालयको फेदीमा [[आनन्दपुर साहिब]] सहरको स्थापना गरे।<ref name="bbcgtb" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H.S.|title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=21}}</ref> सन् १६७२ मा तेग बहादुरले जनसमुदायसँग भेटघाट गर्न [[मालवा क्षेत्र]] र आसपासका क्षेत्रमा यात्रा गरे। यस समयमा [[काफिर|गैर-मुस्लिम]]हरूमाथिको उत्पीडन अझ तीव्र भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Prithi|title=The history of Sikh gurus|publisher=Lotus Press|year=2006|isbn=978-81-8382-075-2|pages=121–24}}</ref> == चित्रदीर्घा == <gallery> File:Guru Tegh Bahadur, fresco from Qila Mubarak.jpg|गुरु तेग बहादुर, किला मुबारकको भित्तेचित्र। File:Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur in the Pahari style.jpg|पहाडी शैलीमा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको प्रतिमा। File:Guru Tegh Bahadur, the Ninth Sikh Guru.jpg|गुरु तेग बहादुरको १८औँ शताब्दीको चित्र। File:A 19th century painting depicting Guru Tegh Bahadur.jpg|गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई चित्रण गरिएको १९औँ शताब्दीको चित्र। File:Guru Tegh Bahadur, Pahari painting.png|गुरु तेग बहादुर, पहाडी शैलीको चित्र। कागजमा ग्वास प्रविधिबाट चित्रित। File:Guru Tegh Bahadur painting from the family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler.jpg|गुलेरका नैनसुखको पारिवारिक कार्यशालामा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको चित्र। File:Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur.jpg|१९औँ शताब्दीको अन्तिम चतुर्थांशमा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको प्रतिमा। </gallery> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} == बाह्य लिङ्कहरू == {{Wikiquote}} {{Portal|भारत|जीवनी|पञ्जाब}} ;गुरु तेग बहादुरसम्बन्धी सहकर्मी-समीक्षित प्रकाशनहरू *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023122/http://books.sikhbookclub.com/2013/pdfbook/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur_Divine_Poet_Saviour_And_Martyr_By_Ranbir_Singh.pdf Guru Tegh Bahadur] रणबीर सिंह (१९७५) *[https://www.jstor.org/stable/606560 Non-Canonical Compositions Attributed to the Seventh and Ninth Sikh Gurus], जीवन सिंह देओल, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(2): १९३–२०३, (अप्रिल–जुन, २००१) {{s-start}} {{succession box | before = [[गुरु हरि कृष्ण]] | title = [[सिख गुरु|सिख गुरु]] | years = ३० मार्च १६६४ – ११ नोभेम्बर १६७५ | after = [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]] }} {{s-end}} c00yh2elg0eb1i98mye1fucojmqj880 1368441 1368440 2026-08-04T10:25:10Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 /* यात्राहरू */ 1368441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | religion = [[सिख धर्म]] | name = गुरु तेग बहादुर | image = Contemporary painting of Guru Tegh Bahadur by Ahsan, ca.1667–68 (detail).jpg | alt = | caption = [[शाइस्ता खान]]का, बंगालका गभर्नर, दरबारी चित्रकार एहसानद्वारा लगभग सन् १६६८–६९ मा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको चित्र | birth_name = त्याग मल | birth_date = {{Birth-date| १ अप्रिल १६२१}} | birth_place = [[अमृतसर]], [[लाहोर सुबा|लाहोर सुबा]], [[मुगल साम्राज्य]] <br /> {{small|(हालको [[पञ्जाब, भारत|पञ्जाब]], [[भारत]])}} | death_date = <!-- Death date, not commemoration date --> {{Death-date and age| ११ नोभेम्बर १६७५| १ अप्रिल १६२१}} | death_place = [[पुरानो दिल्ली|दिल्ली]], [[मुगल साम्राज्य]] <br /> {{small|(हालको [[भारत]])}} | death_cause = [[शिरच्छेद|शिरच्छेदद्वारा मृत्युदण्ड]] | period = १६६४–१६७५ | known_for = * गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिबका लागि रचित भजनहरू * मुगल सम्राट [[औरंगजेब]]को शासनकालमा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको।<ref name="pslf" /><ref>Gill, Sarjit S., and Charanjit Kaur (2008), "Gurdwara and its politics: Current debate on Sikh identity in Malaysia", SARI: Journal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Vol. 26 (2008), pages 243–255, Quote: "Guru Tegh Bahadur died in order to protect the freedom of India from invading Mughals."</ref><ref name=cs2013/><ref name=sg2007>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit|title=History of Sikh gurus retold|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-81-269-0858-5|pages=653–91}}</ref> * [[आनन्दपुर साहिब]]का संस्थापक | spouse = [[माता गुजरी]] | children = [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]] | parents = [[गुरु हरगोबिन्द]] र [[माता नानकी]] | predecessor = [[गुरु हरि कृष्ण]] | successor = [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]] | battles = [[प्रारम्भिक मुगल–सिख युद्धहरू]]<br>[[करतारपुरको युद्ध]] (१६३५), ढुबरीको झडप (१६६९) | native_name = ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ | native_name_lang = pa | signature = Authentic signature (neeshan) of Guru Tegh Bahadur.jpg | signature_size = 80px | other_names = नवौँ गुरु<br>नवौँ नानक<br>''सृष्टि-दी-चादर'' ("विश्वको ढाल")<br>''धरम-दी-चादर'' ("[[धर्म]]को ढाल")<br>''हिन्द-दी-चादर'' ("[[हिन्दुस्तान|भारत]]को ढाल") | location = आनन्दपुर साहिब (१६६४–१६७५) }} [[File: Guru Teg bahadur ji.jpg|thumb|[[गुरुद्वारा शीश गञ्ज साहिब]]को आन्तरिक दृश्य|456x456px]] '''गुरु तेग बहादुर''' ([[पञ्जाबी भाषा|पञ्जाबी]]: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ <small>([[गुरुमुखी]])</small>; {{IPA|pa|gʊɾuː t̯eːɣ bəɦaːd̯ʊɾᵊ}}; १ अप्रिल १६२१ – ११ नोभेम्बर १६७५)<ref>{{cite book|title=Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism|year=1984|publisher=Manchester University Press|pages=32–33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj28AAAAIAAJ|author=W. H. McLeod|access-date=14 November 2013|isbn=9780719010637|archive-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218101303/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj28AAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Ninth Master Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)|url=http://www.sikhs.org/guru9.htm|website=sikhs.org|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107050930/http://www.sikhs.org/guru9.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[सिख धर्म]]का संस्थापक दस [[सिख गुरु|गुरु]]मध्ये नवौँ गुरु तथा सन् १६६४ देखि १६७५ मा [[शिरच्छेद|शिरच्छेद गरिनु]]अघिसम्म [[सिख|सिखहरू]]का नेता थिए। उनको जन्म सन् १६२१ मा भारतको [[पञ्जाब]]स्थित [[अमृतसर]]मा भएको थियो। उनी छैटौँ सिख गुरु [[गुरु हरगोबिन्द साहिब|गुरु हरगोबिन्द]]का कान्छा छोरा थिए। सिद्धान्तप्रति दृढ र निर्भीक योद्धाका रूपमा परिचित उनी विद्वान आध्यात्मिक चिन्तक तथा कवि पनि थिए। उनका ११५ वटा भजन [[श्री गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिब|गुरु ग्रन्थ साहिब]]मा समावेश छन्, जुन सिख धर्मको प्रमुख धर्मग्रन्थ हो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-24 |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day: Know all about the great Sikh Guru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guru-tegh-bahadur-martyrdom-day-know-all-about-the-great-sikh-guru/articleshow/95735925.cms |access-date=2026-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> उनले सन् १६६४ मा [[आनन्दपुर साहिब]]को स्थापना गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann|first=Gurinder Singh|title=The Making of Sikh Scripture|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195130249|pages=9|chapter=Table 1. Towns Associated with the Sikh Gurus}}</ref> गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई छैटौँ [[मुगल साम्राज्य|मुगल]] सम्राट [[औरंगजेब]]को आदेशमा भारतको [[दिल्ली]]मा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको थियो।<ref name="cs2013">{{cite book|last=Seiple|first=Chris|title=The Routledge handbook of religion and security|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-66744-9|location=New York|page=96}}</ref><ref name="bbcgtb">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|title=Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=20 October 2016|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414075330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fenech4">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=236–238|access-date=12 June 2017|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504190932/https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}};<br />{{cite journal | last=Fenech | first=Louis E. | title=Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | publisher= American Oriental Society | volume=121 | issue=1 | year=2001 |doi=10.2307/606726 | pages=20–31| jstor=606726 }};<br />{{cite journal | last=Fenech | first=Louis E. | title=Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | publisher=American Oriental Society | volume=117 | issue=4 | year=1997 | doi=10.2307/606445 | pages=623–642| jstor=606445 }};<br />{{cite journal | last=McLeod | first=Hew | title=Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab | journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=22 | issue=sup001 | year=1999 | issn=0085-6401 | doi=10.1080/00856408708723379 | pages=155–165}}</ref> दिल्लीस्थित सिख धर्मका पवित्र स्थल [[गुरुद्वारा शीश गञ्ज साहिब]] र [[गुरुद्वारा रकाब गञ्ज साहिब]]ले क्रमशः गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको र उहाँको दाहसंस्कार गरिएको स्थानलाई चिनाउँछन्।<ref name="singharakab">{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=169|access-date=30 October 2016|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920113541/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C|url-status=live}}</ref> उहाँको शहादत दिवस (''शहीदी दिवस'') भारतमा प्रत्येक वर्ष २४ नोभेम्बरमा स्मरण गरिन्छ।<ref name="nesbitt122">{{cite book|author=Eleanor Nesbitt|title=Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874557-0|pages=6, 122–123|access-date=9 March 2017|archive-date=9 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309075522/https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> गुरु तेग बहादुर र औरंगजेबबीचको द्वन्द्वका कारण तथा त्यसपछि गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई दिइएको मृत्युदण्डबारे ऐतिहासिक स्रोतहरूमा फरक–फरक विवरण पाइन्छ। सिख स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, गुरु तेग बहादुरले औरंगजेबका असहिष्णु नीतिहरूको विरोध गर्दै गैर-मुस्लिमहरूको स्वतन्त्रता र अधिकारको रक्षा गरेका थिए। यसको विपरीत, मुगल स्रोतहरूमा गुरु तेग बहादुरले पञ्जाब क्षेत्रमा गैर-मुस्लिमहरूबाट जबर्जस्ती कर असुल गरिरहेको उल्लेख गरिएको छ। साथै, गुरुगद्दीका दाबेदार रहेका गुरुका परिवारका केही सदस्यहरूले औरंगजेबलाई गुरु तेग बहादुरप्रति वैरभाव उत्पन्न गराउन भूमिका खेलेको पनि उल्लेख पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Torri |first=Michelguglielmo |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_History_of_India/L9k5EQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=guru+tegh+bahadur&pg=PA351&printsec=frontcover |title=A History of India Volume 1: From the First Human Settlements to the Mughal Empire |date=2025-02-25 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-83765-144-3 |pages=351 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Sikhism/xajcAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=tegh+bahadur+execution&pg=PA305&printsec=frontcover|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|date=2014-06-11|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|language=en|first=Louis E.|last=Fenech|first2=W. H.|last2=McLeod|pages=305|quote=According to Muslim sources he was taken as a brigand. Sikh sources, however, vigorously resist this claim.}}</ref> == यात्राहरू == गुरु तेग बहादुरले [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]]का विभिन्न क्षेत्रहरूमा व्यापक यात्रा गरेका थिए। तीमध्ये [[ढाका]] र [[असम]] पनि पर्दछन्। उनले पहिलो सिख गुरु [[गुरु नानक]]का शिक्षाहरूको प्रचार गरे। उनले भ्रमण गरेका तथा केही समय बसेका स्थानहरू पछि सिख धार्मिक स्थलहरूका रूपमा विकसित भए।<ref>{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H.S.|title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|pages=139–40}}</ref> आफ्ना यात्राका क्रममा उनले समुदायका लागि खानेपानी उपलब्ध गराउन थुप्रै सार्वजनिक कुवाहरू निर्माण गराउनुका साथै गरिब तथा आवश्यकतामा रहेका मानिसहरूका लागि ''[[लङ्गर (सिख धर्म)|लङ्गर]]'' (सामुदायिक भान्साघर) स्थापना गरे।<ref name="ps189">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Prithi|title=The history of Sikh gurus|publisher=Lotus Press|year=2006|isbn=978-81-8382-075-2|pages=187–89}}</ref><ref name="rp88">{{cite book|last=Pruthi|first=Raj|title=Sikhism and Indian civilization|year=2004|isbn=978-81-7141-879-4|page=88|publisher=Discovery Publishing House }}</ref> तेग बहादुरले [[मथुरा]], [[आगरा]], [[प्रयागराज|इलाहाबाद]] र [[वाराणसी]]लगायतका सहरहरूको भ्रमण गरेका थिए।<ref name="nsxviii">{{cite book |author=Gobind Singh (Translated by Navtej Sarna) |title=Zafarnama |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-670-08556-9 |pages=xviii–xix}}</ref> उनी [[असम]]को [[धुबरी]]मा रहेका बेला सन् १६६६ मा उनका छोरा [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]], जो पछि दसौँ सिख गुरु बने, [[पटना]]मा जन्मिएका थिए। हाल धुबरीमा [[गुरुद्वारा श्री गुरु तेग बहादुर साहिब]] अवस्थित छ। सिख स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, असममा रहँदा गुरु तेग बहादुरले [[राम सिंह प्रथम|राजा राम सिंह]] र अहोम शासक [[सुपुंगमुंग|राजा चक्रध्वज सिंह]] (सुपुंगमुंग) बीच शान्ति स्थापना गराउन मध्यस्थता गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Dharam |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: His Life, Travel and Message |last2=Singh |first2=Paramvir |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |year=2022 |isbn=9789354095832 |quote=There took place one battle between the opposing forces of Ram Singh and the Ahom king, named Chakradhwaj, but it remained inconclusive. According to Sikh chronicles, the Guru was able to arrange a truce between the opposing forces and opened the way for a negotiated settlement. The Guru succeeded in bringing about a rapprochement between them and thus more bloodshed was avoided. To celebrate the happy conclusion, soldiers of Ram Singh's camp raised a high mound on the bank of the Brahmputra, each soldier contributing five shields of earth. On the top of this mound now stands Thara Sahib or Damdama Sahib ...}}</ref><ref name="ps189" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Mohindar |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: testimony of conscience |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7201-234-2 |pages=25–27}}</ref> असम, बंगाल र बिहारको भ्रमणपछि गुरु तेग बहादुरले [[बिलासपुर, हिमाचल प्रदेश|बिलासपुर]]की रानी चम्पाको भ्रमण गरे। रानीले गुरुलाई आफ्नो राज्यमा केही भूमि प्रदान गर्ने प्रस्ताव राखिन्। गुरुले उक्त स्थान ५०० [[भारतीय रुपैयाँ|रुपैयाँ]]मा खरिद गरे। त्यहाँ उनले हिमालयको फेदीमा [[आनन्दपुर साहिब]] सहरको स्थापना गरे।<ref name="bbcgtb" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H.S.|title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=21}}</ref> सन् १६७२ मा तेग बहादुरले जनसमुदायसँग भेटघाट गर्न [[मालवा क्षेत्र]] र आसपासका क्षेत्रमा यात्रा गरे। यस समयमा [[काफिर|गैर-मुस्लिम]]हरूमाथिको उत्पीडन अझ तीव्र भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Prithi|title=The history of Sikh gurus|publisher=Lotus Press|year=2006|isbn=978-81-8382-075-2|pages=121–24}}</ref> == चित्रदीर्घा == <gallery> File:Guru Tegh Bahadur, fresco from Qila Mubarak.jpg|गुरु तेग बहादुर, किला मुबारकको भित्तेचित्र। File:Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur in the Pahari style.jpg|पहाडी शैलीमा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको प्रतिमा। File:Guru Tegh Bahadur, the Ninth Sikh Guru.jpg|गुरु तेग बहादुरको १८औँ शताब्दीको चित्र। File:A 19th century painting depicting Guru Tegh Bahadur.jpg|गुरु तेग बहादुरलाई चित्रण गरिएको १९औँ शताब्दीको चित्र। File:Guru Tegh Bahadur, Pahari painting.png|गुरु तेग बहादुर, पहाडी शैलीको चित्र। कागजमा ग्वास प्रविधिबाट चित्रित। File:Guru Tegh Bahadur painting from the family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler.jpg|गुलेरका नैनसुखको पारिवारिक कार्यशालामा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको चित्र। File:Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur.jpg|१९औँ शताब्दीको अन्तिम चतुर्थांशमा चित्रित गुरु तेग बहादुरको प्रतिमा। </gallery> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} == बाह्य लिङ्कहरू == {{Wikiquote}} {{Portal|भारत|जीवनी|पञ्जाब}} ;गुरु तेग बहादुरसम्बन्धी सहकर्मी-समीक्षित प्रकाशनहरू *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023122/http://books.sikhbookclub.com/2013/pdfbook/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur_Divine_Poet_Saviour_And_Martyr_By_Ranbir_Singh.pdf Guru Tegh Bahadur] रणबीर सिंह (१९७५) *[https://www.jstor.org/stable/606560 Non-Canonical Compositions Attributed to the Seventh and Ninth Sikh Gurus], जीवन सिंह देओल, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(2): १९३–२०३, (अप्रिल–जुन, २००१) {{s-start}} {{succession box | before = [[गुरु हरि कृष्ण]] | title = [[सिख गुरु|सिख गुरु]] | years = ३० मार्च १६६४ – ११ नोभेम्बर १६७५ | after = [[गुरु गोबिन्द सिंह]] }} {{s-end}} ba82v1b6dsjhjh0wr55atuqr12bhvcl 3 151130 1368442 2026-08-04T11:00:34Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1368442 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, Gagan Singh Batataज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|३०,००६]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Gagan Singh Batata|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:४५, ४ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) hkviwn348u6khceibd2jwlzeubvms68