विकिपिडिया newiki https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपिडिया विकिपिडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता ढाँचा ढाँचा वार्ता मद्दत मद्दत वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता पोर्टल पोर्टल वार्ता मस्यौदा मस्यौदा वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मोड्युल मोड्युल वार्तालाप Event Event talk 0 5820 1372796 1372164 2026-08-30T13:43:28Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1372796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = धौख्यः | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline =Dhulikhel Valley.jpg | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kavrepalanchowk/banepa?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = नगरप्रमुख | leader_name = अशोककुमार ब्याञ्जु श्रेष्ठ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = निराजन जङ्गम <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = वि.सं २०४३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = ५५<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=31&municipality=1|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 33726 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27.61|85.58|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०११ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = | website = [http://dhulikhelmun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''धुलिखेल नगरपालिका''' ([[नेवारी भाषा|नेपालभाषा]]मा : धौख्यः) [[नेपाल]]को [[बागमती प्रदेश]]को [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलान्चोक जिल्ला]] जिल्लामा अवस्थित छ। धुलीखेल काभ्रेपलान्चोक जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम पनि हो। करीव १६२५ मिटर (५३३० फिट)को उचाइमा अवस्थित धुलिखेल नगरी हरियालीले ढाकिएका होचा अग्ला पहाडहरू र ती भन्दा पर सेता हिउँले सजिएका पर्वतमालाको पृष्ठभूमि पारेर पानपाते आकारमा बसेको छ । हिमाली चुचुरा र सूर्‍योदयको बिहङ्गम द्रश्य आदिले पर्यटकहरूलाई मात्र नभै नेपालीहरू समेत लोभिएको कुरा हिउँदमा स्थानीय टुँडिखेलमा हुने बनभोजहरूको घुइँचो, होटलमा रात बिताउन आउने रसिकहरूको लामो लाईन, र पर्यटकहरूको बिहान ३ बजेदेखि नै भेला हुने बातावरणले नै बताउँछ ।<ref name="जिल्ला झलक">{{cite web| accessdate = मे 7, २०११| url = http://www.ddckavre.gov.np/leftall_blank.php?page=intro_detail| title = जिल्ला झलक| publisher = '''ddckavre.gov.np'''}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124075807/http://www.ddckavre.gov.np/leftall_blank.php?page=intro_detail |date=2011-11-24 }}</ref> २०७३ फागुन २७ मा, साविकको धुलिखेल नगरपालिकामा साविकका [[पात्लेखेत, काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक|पात्लेखेत]], [[शङ्खुपाटीचौर]] (१-३, ५-९), [[शारदा बतासे]] (१,२,५, ६-८), [[रविओपी]] (१-५) र [[देवीटार]] (१-३, ६-९) [[गाविस]]हरू गाभ्दै यस नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र विस्तार गरिएको थियो। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३३,७२६ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ८,५७० घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> यस नगपालिकामा २५.६३% [[तामाङ जाति|तामाङ जाति,]] २४.०४%[[खस ब्राह्मण|पहाडी ब्राह्मण]], १८.२४% [[नेवार जाति]] र १५.४४% [[क्षेत्री]] समुदायहरु रहेका छन। साथै प्रथम भाषा (मातृभाषा) बोलिनेमा नेपाली ५८.५७%, तामाङ २४.०८% र नेपालभाषा १४.४८% रहेका छन्। == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार धुलिखेल नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३३,७२६ रहेको छ। यस नगरपालिकालाई १२ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। नगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ धुलिखेल नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू/गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[देवीटार]] (१-३, ६-९) || १,९८२ || ६.१३ || ३२३.३३ |- | २ || [[रविओपी]] (१-५) || २,३३५ || ८.५१ || २७४.३८ |- | ३ || धुलिखेल (६) || २,३३६ || २.७४ || ८५२.५५ |- | ४ || धुलिखेल (७) || ५,८३९ || १.५५ || ३,७६७.१० |- | ५ || धुलिखेल (८-९) || २,९९७ || ०.६७ || ४,४७३.१३ |- | ६ || धुलिखेल (४-५) || २,१२५ || १.०१ || २,१०३.९६ |- | ७ || धुलिखेल (२-३) || २,८८९ || १.९८ || १,४५९.०९ |- | ८ || धुलिखेल (१, १३) || ३,१२३ || ८.६४ || ३६१.४६ |- | ९ || धुलिखेल (१०-१२) || २,८९८ || ४.९३ || ५८७.८३ |- | १० || [[शारदा बतासे]] (१, २, ५, ६-८) || १,४१९ || २.९८ || ४७६.१७ |- | ११ || [[पात्लेखेत, काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक|पात्लेखेत]] || ३,४०७ || १०.१२ || ३३६.६६ |- | १२ || [[शङ्खुपाटीचौर]] (१-३, ५-९) || २,३७६ || ५.३५ || ४४४.११ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! ३३,७२६ !! ५४.६१ !! ६१८.६८ |} ==ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि== वि.सं. २०२२ तिर जिल्ला सदरमुकामको रूपमा चिनिन थालेको धुलिखेल, नेपालको इतिहासमा समेत स्पष्ट रूपमा उल्लेख भएको कुरा ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमिमा नै उल्लेख भइसकेको छ। वि.सं. १८२० कार्तिक १० गतेका दिन पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको फौजसँग पराजित धुलीखेलमा ५० घरपरिवार मात्र बाँकी रहेका थिए।<ref name="जिल्ला झलक"/> ==नामाकरण== प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य, होचा-होचा हरिया पाटनहरूले (घाँसे मैदान) भरिएको, स्वस्थ्यकर जलवायु भएको धुलिखेलको नामाकरण कसरी रहन गयो भन्ने सन्दर्भमा केही किम्बदन्तीहरू छन् । धौ - नेवारी भाषामा दहि भएको हुनाले राम्रो दहि पाउने ठाउको रूपमा चिनिन्थ्यो | यहाँ बाघ लाग्ने घना जंगल थियो । त्यसै जंगलका बाघहरू खेल्ने डुल्ने ठाउँ भएकोले "धुंखेल" भनिन्थयो। यसैगरी अर्को थरीको भनाइ अनुसार अघिका यी बन्य सम्पदा मासेर मानिसहरूले बस्ती बसाल्दै लगेपछि उजाडिएका डाँडाकाडाँमा हुरी बतासले गर्दा धुलैधुलो उड्ने भएकोले यसको नाम धुलिखेल रहन गएको हो । ==पर्यटकीय महत्त्व== [[काठमाडौँ]]-[[तातोपानी]] (चिन सिमाना) पुग्ने [[अरनिको राजमार्ग]]को ३० कि.मि. (नौ कोस) मा अवस्थित धुलिखेल यातायातको दृष्टिले सुविधायक्त, मानिन्छ । यहाँ आवागमनको निम्ति बस, ट्याक्सी आदि सुविधा सदैव प्राप्य छ । यहाँबाट गगनचुम्बी हिमालहरूमध्ये [[मनास्लू]], [[लमजुङ्ग]], [[गणेश हिमाल]], [[गौरीशङ्कर हिमाल|गौरीशंकर हिमाल]], [[लामटाङ]], [[रोल्वालिङ]], [[महालंगूर]] र [[कुम्भकर्ण]] हिमालयहरू देखिन्छन् । यसका अतिरिक्त अग्ला चुचुरा चढ्ने पर्वतारोहीहरूले मात्र साधारणतया: देख्न पाउने हिमनदी धुलिखेलको [[देवीस्थान डाँडा]]बाट सजिलै देख्न पाउने भएकोले पनि यो ठाउँ आकर्षणको केन्द्रबिन्दू बन्दै गएको छ। उपत्यकाको पूर्वमा रहेको नेवार बस्ती भएता पनि [[काठमाडौँ]] र पाटनका नेवारहरूको भन्दा यहाँका नेवारहरूको संस्कृति र रीतिरिवाज धेरै अर्थमा बेग्लै र आफ्नै ढंगको छ । यहाँका बासिन्दाहरूको मुख्य ब्यवसाय कृषि र व्यापार हो। कूल जनसङ्ख्याको ५३१ घरधुरीले वयापार र ५२८ घरधुरीले कृषि पेशा अपनाएको तथ्य २०५२ सालमा लिइएको बस्तीस्तरीय सर्भेक्षणबाट प्राप्त भएको छ। यहाँका पुरुषहरूले ब्यवसायमा लागेको पाइन्छ । यहाँ एउटा भनाइ मान्नुपर्छ - यहाँका नेवारहरू ब्यापार गर्न पूर्व लाग्छन् पश्चिम जाँदैनन् भन्ने जनसाधारणको भनाइ छ । हुन त यथार्थमा धुलिखेल ब्यापारीहरू पूर्वमा इलाम, [[दार्जिलिङ|दार्जीलिङ्ग]], [[सिक्किम]] र भुटानसम्म पुगेको पाइन्छ । [[धुलिखेल नगरपालिका|धुलिखेल]], [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]] जिल्लाको जिल्ला सदरमुकाम भएकले जिल्लास्तरीय सरकारी तथा गौरसरकारी कार्यालयहरू यहीं छन्। यहाँ ३ मा.वि.मा १०‍‌‌ + २ को कक्षा सञ्चालन भैसकेको छ भने निजी क्षत्रमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गुणस्तर कायम गर्न सफल [[काठमाडौँ विश्वविद्यालय]] रहेको छ ।स्थानीय बासिन्दाको पहलमा स्थापित देशकै पहिलो नमूना सामुदायिक अस्पताल - [[धुलिखेल अस्पताल]]ले शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्यको क्षेत्र प्रदान गर्दै आएका छन् | स्थानीय चिकित्सक डा. राम कण्ठ माकजु र उनकै सहयोगी डा. राजेन्द्र कोजु को नेतृत्व बाट धुलिखेल अस्पताल देशमै गुणस्तरीय अस्पताल को रूपमा चिनिन्छ | प्राथमिक शिक्षा तालीम केन्द्र पनि रहेको छ | यहाँ रहेको [[नापी तालीम केन्द्र, धुलिखेल]]ले प्राविधिक शीप प्रवर्द्धन गर्दौ आएको छ । गणेश, सरस्वती, वाराही, गीता, मन्दिर, [[गोखुरेश्वर महादेव]], भैखण्डा मन्दिर र भगवतीको मन्दिर प्रसिद्ध छन् । दक्षिण पूर्व स्थित मन्दिर पनि रहेको छ । ==जनसङ्ख्या== नेपालको बि.स.२०६८ को जनगणना अनुसार धुलिखेल नगरपालिकाको जनसङ्ख्या १४,२६८ छ ।<ref name="census">{{cite web | accessdate = सेप्टेम्बर २८, २००७ | url = http://www.cbs.gov.np/Population/National%20Report%202001/VDC.pdf | title = नेपाल जनगणना २००१ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708163707/http://www.cbs.gov.np/Population/National%20Report%202001/VDC.pdf |date=2007-07-08 }}</ref> यस मध्ये पुरुष ५०%, र महिला ५०% छन् । २०७४ बैसाग ३१ गते सम्पन्न निर्वाचन द्वारा निर्वाचित अशोक ब्यान्जु प्रमुख धुलिखेल न्नगर पालिका बिमल सर्मा उप प्रमुख धुलिखेल नगर पालिका == चित्रदिर्घा == <gallery> File:Devisthan Gate.jpg|thumb|देबिस्थान डाँडा प्रवेशद्वार File:Devisthan.jpg|thumb|देबिस्थान File:Devisthan6.jpg|thumb|देबिस्थान File:Devisthan1.jpg|thumb|देबिस्थान File:Devisthan Stone.jpg|thumb|देबिस्थान डाँडामा रहेको ढुंगा </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{Wikivoyage|Dhulikhel}} {{Commonscat|Dhulikhel}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पहाडी नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रमुख स्थानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रमुख पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०४३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] hgn8lno02tupkys0f0vztahcd1mlctx 10 16144 1372851 1372587 2026-08-31T08:43:04Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1372851 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{| style="border:none; background:none;" |style="text-align:left; width:100%; "|{{आजको तारिक}}|}--> <!--कृपया ५ वटा समाचार मात्र राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद --> <noinclude>{{प्रमुख समाचार शीर्षक}}</noinclude> {{In the news/image | image = Broad Peak in July 2006.jpg|100x100px <!--NOTE: Do not use an unprotected Commons file. Our cascading protection will not apply. Either upload a local copy or list it at WP:CMP and wait for the bot to protect it at Commons. 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सन् २०२६|गरेको आक्रमण]]'''मा इरानका सर्वोच्च नेता [[अली खामेनेई]] सहित अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको '''[[अली खामेनेईको हत्याकाण्ड|मृत्यु]]''' भएको छ। * <!-- २०८२ पुस २०--> [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]ले '''[[भेनेजुएलामा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको आक्रमण, सन् २०२६|भेनेजुएलामा आक्रमण]]''' गर्दै राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]लाई पक्राउ गरेको छ। <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <!--'''हालका निधन''':--> <div class="itn-footer hlist hlist-separated noprint" style="text-align: right;"> {{Flatlist|class=inline}} *'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार|थप विवरण]]''' *'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार|आवेदन]]'''</div> {{endflatlist}} hfukky9zsc08xk0kct99ypt21hc4i0k 0 18883 1372797 1372166 2026-08-30T13:44:35Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1372797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = Panchkhal Valley krish.jpg | image_caption = पाँचखाल नगरपालिकाको एक दृष्य | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kavrepalanchowk/panchkhal?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = महेश खरेल <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = सूर्यमाया दनुवार <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 103<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=31&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 35521 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|39|N|85|37|E|region:NP_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०११ | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = [http://www.panchkhalmun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} [[File:Panchkhal Municipality office.jpg|thumb|पाँचखाल नगरपालिका भवन]] '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला]]का ६ [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[पाँचखाल नगरपालिका|पाँचखाल]], [[होक्सेबजार]], [[देवभूमि बालुवा]], [[अनेकोट]] र [[साठीघर भगवती]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू समावेश गरिएका थिए भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा [[कोशीदेखा]] र [[खरेलथोक]] गाविसहरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। हाल १३ वटा वडामा विभाजन गरिएको यस नगरपालिका काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाको क्षेत्रफलको आधारमा दोस्रो ठुलो नगरपालिकाको रुपमा रहेको छ। यो नगरपालिकाको पूर्वमा भुम्लु गाँउपालिका, पश्चिममा धुलिखेल र बनेपा नगरपालिका, उत्तरमा मण्डनदेउपुर नगरपालिका र भुम्लु गाँउपालिका र दक्षिणमा तेमाल गाँउपालिका, नमोबुद्ध र धुलिखेल नगरपालिका रहेका छन । पाँचखाल नगरपालिकामा कृषिको प्रचुर सम्भावना रहेको छ । पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रको रुपमा रहेको पलाञ्चोक भगवतीको मन्दिर, अनैकोट भ्यु टावर, दुग्धेश्वर मन्दिर, सुनकोशी नदि किनार आदि परिचित रहेको हुदाँ यहाँ स्थानीय पर्यटन उद्योगको समेत उत्तिकै सम्भावना रहेको देखिन्छ। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३५,५२१ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,१४८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार पाँचखाल नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३५,५२१ रहेको छ। यस नगरपालिकालाई १३ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। नगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ पाँचखाल नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू/गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[अनेकोट]] (१,६-७,९) || २,७९९ || १०.८७ || २५७.५० |- | २ || [[अनेकोट]] (२-५,८) || ३,७०४ || १३.०७ || २८३.४० |- | ३ || [[पाँचखाल]] (४-५) || २,२६३ || ७.६४ || २९६.२० |- | ४ || [[पाँचखाल]] (६) || ३,५२२ || २.५७ || १,३७०.४३ |- | ५ || [[पाँचखाल]] (१-३) || २,३०३ || ४.३३ || ५३१.८७ |- | ६ || [[पाँचखाल]] (७-९) || ३,९०१ || ५.३५ || ७२९.१६ |- | ७ || [[होक्सेबजार]] (१-३) || २,१०८ || ६.४१ || ३२८.८६ |- | ८ || [[होक्सेबजार]] (४-९) || १,९१३ || ६.०४ || ३१६.७२ |- | ९ || [[साठीघर भगवती]] || २,१९६ || १२ || १८३.०० |- | १० || [[देवभूमि बालुवा]] (८) || १,६५७ || ३.१२ || ५३१.०९ |- | ११ || [[खरेलथोक]] || १,७६९ || ८.२ || २१५.७३ |- | १२ || [[देवभूमि बालुवा]] (१-७,९) || ६,०५७ || १४.६९ || ४१२.३२ |- | १३ || [[कोशीदेखा]] || १,३२९ || ८.६४ || १५३.८२ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! ३५,५२१ !! १०२.९३ !! ३४५.१० |} ==इतिहास== ==हावापानी== यस बेंशीको वरीपरि पलाञ्चोक, अनैकोट, रविओपि, जैशिथोक, पात्लेखेतका डाँडा हरूले घेरिएको छ। यसरी कम उचाईमा रहनु, वरिपरि डाँडा हुनु, आदि कारणले यहाँ प्रशस्त मात्रामा गर्मी हुने गर्दछ। यहाँको गृष्म तापक्रम सरदर ३२-३३° सेल्सीयस (९०.९५० फरेनहाइट) सम्म पुग्छ। डाँफे र झिकु खोलाहरूद्वारा सिंचित यो बेंशी मलिलो भएतापनि अघि औलो लाग्ने भएकाले यहाँ बस्ती थिएन। पहिला दनुवार जातिहरूका मात्र बस्ती भएतापनि राजमार्गको विकासले गर्दा अन्य जातिहरूको आकर्षण बढ्दैछ। ==कृषि== सिँचाइको सुविधा, मलिलो पाँगो माटो, यातायातको सुविधा, हावापानीको अनुकूलताको कारण यो क्षेत्र कृषिको लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र मानिन्छ। धान, मास, गोलभेडा कटहर, आलुको लागि यो क्षेत्र अति महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। जहाँको गोलभेडा र आलु [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौँ उपत्यका]]को बजारहरूमा पाइन्छ। यसका अतिरिक्त आँप, केरा, [[रुखकटहर|रूख]] र [[भुइँकटहर|भुइँ कटहर]], [[लिची]], [[कागती वर्ग|कागती]], [[मेवा]] आदि कर्केटार नामक परम्परागत बगैम्हचा र पाँचखाल बागवानी केन्द्र (७.३५ देक्टर क्षेत्र )बाट उत्पादन हुने गर्दछ। ==शिक्षा== आठ मा.वि., दुई कलेज ,तीन प्रहरी चौकी, इलाका हुलाक, दुग्ध सङ्कलन केन्द्र आदि कार्यालय रहेको यो क्षेत्रमा चक्रपथ बनाउने, प्रदुषण हरियालीयुक्त बनाउन जिविस, गाविस र प्यारो हरियाली नेपालको सत्प्रयास रहेको छ। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ddckavre.gov.np/infopage.php?pagename=Religious%20and%20tourism%20places|title=धार्मिक एवं पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू|publisher='''ddckavre.gov.np'''}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326142001/http://ddckavre.gov.np/infopage.php?pagename=Religious%20and%20tourism%20places |date=2012-03-26 }}</ref> ==सडक यातायात== पाँचखालको प्रमूख यातायात मार्ग [[अरनिको राजमार्ग]] राजमार्ग हो । यसले पाँचखाललाई [[धुलिखेल नगरपालिका|धुलिखेल]], [[बनेपा नगरपालिका|बनेपा]] र [[काठमाडौँ]]सँग जोडेको छ । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddckavre.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[श्रेणी:काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] m39dczdnw9exgrifla7jgc3idnxnsc3 10 36684 1372838 1237314 2026-08-31T06:20:32Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders =yes | templatestyles = | headerstyle =color:inherit; background:{{Infobox element/symbol-to-block|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|format=bgcolor}} | labelstyle = | datastyle = | belowstyle =background:{{Infobox element/symbol-to-block|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|format=bgcolor}} <!-- TITLE ------------------> | title = {{ucfirst:{{{name_ne|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_{<span 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comment}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gplstp|}}}||&#x20;{{nowrap|(০&nbsp;°से-मा, १०१.३२५&nbsp;पास्कल)}}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3nrt 2|}}} |<br>{{{density gpcm3nrt 2}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3nrt 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3nrt 2 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3nrt 3|}}} |<br>{{{density gpcm3nrt 3}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−३{{{density gpcm3nrt 3 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3nrt 3 comment|}}}}} | label43 = {{#if:{{{density gplstp|}}}{{{density gpcm3nrt|}}}|तरलको घनत्व|तरलको [[घनत्व]]}} | data43 = {{#if:{{{density gpcm3mp|}}} |{{abbr|m.p.|पग्लने विन्दु}}:&#x20;{{{density gpcm3mp}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3mp ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3mp comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3bp|}}} |{{#if:{{{density gpcm3mp|}}}|<br>}}{{abbr|b.p.|उम्लने विन्दु}}:&#x20;{{{density gpcm3bp}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3bp ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3bp comment|}}} }} | label44 = त्रिक विन्दु | data44 = {{#if:{{{triple point K|}}}|{{{triple point K}}}&nbsp;के,&#x20;&#x200b;{{{triple point kPa}}}&nbsp;kPa{{{triple point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{triple point comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{triple point K 2|}}} |<br>{{{triple point K 2}}}&nbsp;কে, {{{triple point kPa 2}}}&nbsp;kPa{{{triple point 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{triple point 2 comment|}}} }} | label46 = परम विन्दु | data46 = {{#if:{{{critical point K|}}} |{{{critical point K}}}&nbsp;के, {{{critical point MPa}}}&nbsp;MPa{{{critical point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{critical point comment|}}} }} | label47 = पग्लने विन्दुको आन्तरिक उष्मागतिक क्षमता | data47 = {{#if:{{{heat fusion|}}}|{{{heat fusion}}}&nbsp;किलोजुल/मोल^−१]]{{{heat fusion ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat fusion comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{heat fusion 2|}}} |<br>{{{heat fusion 2}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{heat fusion 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat fusion 2 comment|}}} }} | label49 = वाष्पीकरणको अन्तरिक उष्मागतिक क्षमता | data49 = {{#if:{{{heat vaporization|}}} |{{{heat vaporization}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−১{{{heat vaporization ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat vaporization comment|}}} }} | label50 = ताप क्षमता | data50 = {{#if:{{{heat capacity|}}} |{{{heat capacity}}}&nbsp;J·mol^−१·K^−१{{{heat capacity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat capacity comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{heat capacity 2|}}} |<br>{{{heat capacity 2}}}&nbsp;जुल·मोल^−१·के^−१{{{heat capacity 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat capacity 2 comment|}}} }} | data53 = {{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k|}}} |वाष्प चाप{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}}}}{{Infobox element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }} }} | data54 = {{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} |वाष्प चाप{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}{{Infobox element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }} }} <!-- ATOMIC PROPERTIES 60+ ------------------> | header60 = आणविक विशेषता | data61 = {{{atomic properties comment|}}}{{{atomic properties|}}} | label62 = अक्सीकरण अवस्था | data62 = {{#if:{{{oxidation states|}}} |{{nowrap|{{{oxidation states}}}}}{{{oxidation states ref|}}}{{#if:{{{oxidation states comment|}}}|&#x20;&#x200b;{{{oxidation states comment}}}}} }} | label63 = विद्युत् ऋणात्मकता | data63 = {{#if:{{{electronegativity|}}} |{{{electronegativity}}} (पलिङ&nbsp;स्केल){{{electronegativity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{electronegativity comment|}}} }} | label65 = आयनीकरण ऊर्जा | data65 = {{#if:{{{ionization energy 1|}}} |১ম: {{{ionization energy 1|}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{ionization energy 1 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy 1 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{ionization energy 2|}}} |<br>২য়: {{{ionization energy 2|}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{ionization energy 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy 2 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{ionization energy 3|}}} |<br>৩য়: {{{ionization energy 3|}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{ionization energy 3 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy 3 comment|}}}}}{{#ifexpr:0{{#invoke:ConvertTime|main|{{{number of ionization energies|0}}}}}>3 |<br>[[Molar ionization energies of the elements#{{{name|}}}|(अधिक)]]}}{{#if:{{{ionization energy 1|}}} |{{{ionization energy ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy comment|}}} }} | label71 = आणविक अर्धव्यास | data71 = {{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}} |empirical:&#x20;{{{atomic radius}}}&nbsp;पिकोमिटर{{{atomic radius ref|}}}&#x20;{{{atomic radius comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{atomic radius calculated|}}} |{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}|<br>}}calculated:&#x20;{{{atomic radius calculated}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}|pm|पिकोमिटर}}{{{atomic radius calculated ref|}}}&#x20;{{{atomic radius calculated comment|}}} }} | label73 = समयोजी अर्धव्यास | data73 = {{#if:{{{covalent radius|}}} |{{{covalent radius}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}{{{atomic radius calculated|}}}|pm|पिकोमिटर}}{{{covalent radius ref|}}}&#x20;{{{covalent radius comment|}}} }} | label74 = भ्यान डर वल्स अर्धव्यास | data74 = {{#if:{{{Van der Waals radius|}}}|{{{Van der Waals radius}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}{{{atomic radius calculated|}}}{{{covalent radius|}}}|pm|पिकोमिटर}}{{{Van der Waals radius ref|}}}&#x20;{{{Van der Waals radius comment|}}} }} <!-- MISCELLANEA 100+ ------------------> | header100 = {{#if:{{{CAS number|}}}|विविध}} | label101 = क्रिस्टल संरचना | data101 = {{#if:{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure|}}}{{{crystal structure comment|}}} |{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}&#x20;&#x200b;{{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure|}}}}}{{{crystal structure ref|}}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure|}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure|}}}|return=image}}|size=50px|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{ucfirst:{{{crystal structure}}}}} {{का|{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}}} लागि क्रिस्टल संरचना{{#if:{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}|&#x20;}}{{{name}}} }}</div>}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure comment|}}}|{{#if:{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure|}}}|<br>}}{{{crystal structure comment|}}} }} }} | label102 = क्रिस्टल संरचना | data102 = {{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure 2|}}}{{{crystal structure 2 comment|}}} |{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}&#x20;&#x200b;{{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure 2|}}}}}{{{crystal structure 2 ref|}}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2|}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure 2|}}}|return=image}}|size=50px|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{ucfirst:{{{crystal structure 2}}}}} {{का|{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}}} लागि क्रिस्टल संरचना{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}|&#x20;}}{{{name}}} }}</div>}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 comment|}}}|{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure 2|}}}|<br>}}{{{crystal structure 2 comment|}}} }} }} | label104 = आवाजको गति | data104 = {{#if:{{{speed of sound|}}} |{{{speed of sound}}} सेकेन्ड प्रति मिनेट^−१]]{{{speed of sound ref|}}}&#x20;{{{speed of sound comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{speed of sound rod at 20|}}} |{{#if:{{{speed of sound|}}}|<br>}}পাতলা&nbsp;रडमा:&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at 20}}}&nbsp;m·s^−১&#x20;(at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°से){{{speed of sound rod at 20 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at 20 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{speed of sound rod at r.t.|}}} |{{#if:{{{speed of sound|}}}{{{speed of sound rod at 20|}}}|<br>}}পাতলা&nbsp;रडमा:&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at r.t.}}}&nbsp;m·s^−১&#x20;(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|कक्ष तापक्रम}}){{{speed of sound rod at r.t. ref|}}}&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at r.t. comment|}}} }}<!-- SoS Therm expo --> | label106 = तापीय प्रसाराङ्क]] | data106 = {{#if:{{{thermal expansion|}}} |{{{thermal expansion}}}&nbsp;µm·m^−১·K^−१{{{thermal expansion ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal expansion comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{thermal expansion at 25|}}} |{{#if:{{{thermal expansion|}}}|<br>}}{{{thermal expansion at 25}}}&nbsp;µm·m^−১·K^−১&#x20;(२५&nbsp;°से-मा){{{thermal expansion at 25 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal expansion at 25 comment|}}} }} | label107 = तापीय परिवाहीता | data107 = {{#if:{{{thermal conductivity|}}} |{{{thermal conductivity}}}&nbsp;W·m^−१·K^−१{{{thermal conductivity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal conductivity comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{thermal conductivity 2|}}} |<br>{{{thermal conductivity 2}}}&nbsp;W·m^−१·K^−१{{{thermal conductivity 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal conductivity 2 comment|}}} }} | label109 = तापीय विसरणशीलता | data109 = {{#if:{{{thermal diffusivity|}}}| {{{thermal diffusivity}}}&nbsp;mm^२/s&#x20;(३००&nbsp;के-मा){{{thermal diffusivity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal diffusivity comment|}}} }} | label110 = विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता तथा परिवाहिता | data110 = {{#if:{{{electrical resistivity|}}} |{{{electrical resistivity}}}&nbsp;{{{electrical resistivity unit prefix|}}}Ω·m{{{electrical resistivity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity at 0|}}} |{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity|}}}|<br>}}{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity at 0|}}} |০&nbsp;°से-मा:&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity at 0}}}&nbsp;{{{electrical resistivity unit prefix|}}}Ω·m{{{electrical resistivity at 0 ref|}}}}}&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity at 0 comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity at 20|}}} |{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity|}}}{{{electrical resistivity at 0|}}}|<br>}}২০&nbsp;°से-मा: {{{electrical resistivity at 20}}}&nbsp;{{{electrical resistivity unit prefix|}}}Ω·m{{{electrical resistivity at 20 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity at 20 comment|}}} }} | label112 = ब्यान्ड ग्यास | data112 = {{#if:{{{band gap|}}}|{{{band gap}}}&nbsp;इलेक्ट्रोन भोल्ट (৩০০&nbsp;के-मा){{{band gap ref|}}}&#x20;{{{band gap comment|}}} }} | label114 = कुरी विन्दु | data114 = {{#if:{{{Curie point K|}}} |{{{Curie point K}}}&nbsp;के{{{Curie point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{Curie point com|}}}{{{discovered by|}}}{{{discovery date|}}}{{{first isolation by|}}}{{{first isolation date|}}}{{{named by|}}}{{{named date|}}}{{{history comment|}}}|इतिहास}} | label141 = नामकरण | data141 = {{{naming|}}} | label142 = भविष्यवाणी मिति | data142 = {{{predicted by|}}}{{#if:{{{prediction date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{predicted by|}}}|&#x20;({{{prediction date}}})|{{{prediction date}}} }}{{{prediction date ref|}}} }} }} | label143 = आविष्कार | data143 = {{{discovered by|}}}{{#if:{{{discovery date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{discovered by|}}}|&#x20;({{{discovery date}}})|{{{discovery date}}}}}}}{{{discovery date ref|}}} }} | label144 = प्रथम विच्छिन्न | data144 = {{{first isolation by|}}}{{#if:{{{first isolation date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{first isolation by|}}}|&#x20;({{{first isolation date}}})|{{{first isolation date}}}}}}}{{{first isolation date ref|}}} }} | label145 = नामकरण {{#if:{{{named by|}}}|द्वारा}} | data145 = {{{named by|}}}{{#if:{{{named date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{named by|}}}|&#x20;({{{named date}}})|{{{named date}}}}}}}{{{named date ref|}}} }} | label146 = {{{history comment label|}}} | data146 = {{{history comment|}}} <!-- ISOTOPES 160+ ---- ---- ----- About theoretical elements (Z >=119): - See also |above=text. - Article and redirect creation: See [[MOS:NONEWELEMENT]] (no trivial redirects, no unnotable, unsourced element pages) (1) does Article [[Isotopes of <element>]] exist? [Z=0-118, 119, 120]. (2) does Isobox [[Template:Infobox <element> isotopes]] exist? [Z=0-118]. - Page is redirect: as if does *not* exist. - In Infobox element: exceptions are hardcoded by number (Z) checking. - User:DePiep (Jan 2023) --> |header160 =<!-- set 2 links in "[[isotopes of {{{name_ne}}}]] V-E", depending on Z: -->{{#ifexpr:({{{Z|0}}}>=119) |<!-- THEORETICAL, 119+ -->{{#switch:{{{Z|0}}} |119|120=[[{{को|{{{name_ne}}}}} आइसोटोप]] |#default={{को|{{{name_ne}}}}} आइसोटोप }} |<!-- DISCOVERED, 1-118 -->[[{{को|{{{name_ne}}}}} आइसोटोप]]<span style="float:right; padding-right: 0.2em;">{{v|ढाँचा:infobox {{{name_ne|}}} आइसोटोप}}</span><!-- public V-E links for the Isobox; Z=0-118 -->}}<!-- ISOBOX ---- ----- ---- ----- All data is read from Isobox [[Infobox uranium isotopes]] When Z>=119: no Isobox (2023-01-01) --> | data161 ={{#ifexpr:({{{Z|1}}}>=119) |{{{theoretical isotopes comment|}}}<!-- like ''Experiments and theoretical calculations'': only shows for >=E119 then --> |{{#ifexist:ढाँचा:infobox {{{name_ne|हाइड्रोजन}}} आइसोटोप |{{ढाँचा:infobox {{{name_ne|हाइड्रोजन}}} आइसोटोप |child=yes}} |<span class="error"></span> }} }} <!-- BELOW, FOOTER (v-t-e links, references link) ---- ----- --> | belowclass =noprint | below ={{#ifexpr:{{{Z|1}}}>118||{{Category-inline|{{ucfirst:{{#switch:{{{symbol_ne|}}}|Hg=Mercury (element)|#default={{{name|{{{name_ne|मौलिक पदार्थ}}}}}}}}}}}}<br/>}}{{navbar|infobox_{{lc:{{{name|{{{name_ne|&#x20; पदार्थ}}}}}}}}|plain=1}}&#x20;{{!}}&#x20;सन्दर्भसूची }} <!-- END OF INFOBOX ----> <noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> pqdy4qfngrqnxt6tsig02tmajeim3h2 1372839 1372838 2026-08-31T06:21:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders =yes | templatestyles = | headerstyle =color:inherit; background:{{Infobox element/symbol-to-block|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|format=bgcolor}} | labelstyle = | datastyle = | belowstyle =background:{{Infobox element/symbol-to-block|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|format=bgcolor}} <!-- TITLE ------------------> | title = {{ucfirst:{{{name_ne|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_{<span style="font-size:smaller;">{{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{{number|00}}}}}</span>}{{{symbol|Xx}}} <!-- IMAGES ------------------> | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image name|}}}|size={{{image size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{{image alt|}}}}} | caption1 = {{{image name comment|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image name 2|}}}|size={{{image size 2|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{{image alt 2|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{image name 2 comment|}}} <!-- GENERAL PROPERTIES 10+ ------------------> | label1 =उच्चारण | data1 ={{infobox element/pronunciation|symbol={{{symbol|}}} |ipa1={{Infobox element/symbol-to-pronunciation|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|item=ipa1|default=}}}}<!-- early check for ipa1 --> | label2 = अन्य नाम{{#if:{{{alt names|}}}|समूह}} | data2 = {{{alt name|}}}{{{alt names|}}} | label3 = रूपभेद (समूह) | data3 = {{{allotropes|}}} | label4 = उपस्थिति | data4 = {{{appearance|}}} | data5 ={{#switch:{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/value-type|symbol={{{symbol|}}}}} |1|2={{infobox |child =yes |headerstyle =text-align: left; color:inherit; background: transparant; | header1 =आणविक तौल {{nobold|1=''A''_r&deg;({{{symbol|}}})}} | label20 =<nowiki/> | data20 ={{Infobox element/standard atomic weight format |symbol ={{{symbol|}}} |standard ={{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/standard|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|default=}} |abridged ={{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/abridged|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|default=}} |ref ={{CIAAW2021}} }} }} }} <!-- आवर्त सारणीमा पदार्थ 20+ ------------------> | header20 = [[आवर्त सारणी]]मा {{ucfirst:{{{name_ne|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} | data21 = {{Template:Infobox element/periodic table|name = {{PAGENAME}}|number = {{#invoke:ConvertDigitRevert|main|{{{number|0}}}}}|symbol = {{{symbol}}}|above = {{{above}}}|below = {{{below}}}|left = {{{left}}}|right = {{{right}}} }} | label22= आणविक सङ्ख्या | data22 = {{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{{number}}}}} | label24 = रसायनीक तत्वको श्रेणी | data24 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{series|}}}}} |= |noble gas|निष्क्रिय ग्यास = निष्क्रिय ग्यास |unknown|थाहा नभएको = थाहा नभएको |#default=[[{{{series}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{series comment|}}}|{{#if:{{{series|}}}|,}}{{{series ref|}}}&#x20;{{{series comment|}}} }} <!-- DISPLAY'S GROUP 25------------------> | label25 = ग्रुप | data25 ={{Infobox element/symbol-to-period|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|format=infobox element}}{{{group ref|}}} {{{group comment|}}} <!-- DISPLAY'S PERIOD 25 ------------------> | label26 =आवर्त | data26 ={{Infobox element/symbol-to-period|symbol={{{symbol|}}} |format=infobox element}}{{{period ref|}}} {{{period comment|}}} <!-- DISPLAY'S BLOCK 26 ------------------> | label27 =ब्लक | data27 ={{Infobox element/block format |symbol={{{symbol|}}} |block={{Infobox element/symbol-to-block|symbol={{{symbol|}}} |default=}}<!-- returns text 's-block' --> }}{{{block ref|}}} {{{block comment|}}} | label28 = इलेक्ट्रोन विन्यास | data28 ={{#switch:{{{Z|1}}}|122|124|126=<!-- suppressed -->|{{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration|symbol={{{symbol|}}}|format=comment, ref}}}} {{{electron configuration comment|}}} | label29 = प्रत्येक कक्षमा इलेक्ट्रोनहरूको सङ्ख्या | data29 ={{{electrons per shell|}}}{{{electrons per shell ref|}}} {{{electrons per shell comment|}}} <!-- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 30+ ------------------> | header31 = भौतिक विशेषता | data31 = {{{physical properties comment|}}}{{{physical properties|}}} | label32 = वर्ण | data32 = {{{color|}}} | label33 = प्रावस्था | data33 = {{#if:{{{phase|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{phase|}}}}} |= |unknown|थाहा नभएको = थाहा नभएको |#default=[[{{{phase}}}]]}}{{{phase ref|}}}}}{{#if:{{{phase comment|}}}|&#x20;{{{phase comment}}}}} | label35 = [[पग्लने बिन्दु]] | data35 = {{#if:{{{melting point K|}}} |{{{melting point K}}}&nbsp;[[केल्भिन|के]]&#x20;&#x200b;({{{melting point C}}}&nbsp;°से,&#x20;&#x200b;{{{melting point F}}}&nbsp;°फ){{{melting point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{melting point comment|}}} }} | label36 = [[उम्लने बिन्दु]] | data36 = {{#if:{{{boiling point K|}}} |{{{boiling point K}}}&nbsp;K&#x20;&#x200b;({{{boiling point C}}}&nbsp;°से,&#x20;&#x200b;{{{boiling point F}}}&nbsp;°फ){{{boiling point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{boiling point comment|}}} }} | label37 = उर्ध्वपातन विन्दु | data37 = {{#if:{{{sublimation point K|}}} |{{{sublimation point K}}}&nbsp;के&#x20;&#x200b;({{{sublimation point C}}}&nbsp;°সে,&#x20;&#x200b;{{{sublimation point F}}}&nbsp;°फ){{{sublimation point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{sublimation point comment|}}} }} | label41 = [[घनत्व]] | data41 = {{#if:{{{density gplstp|}}}|{{{density gplstp}}}&nbsp;ग्रा/लि{{{density gplstp ref|}}}{{#if:{{{density gplstp comment|}}}|&#x20;{{{density gplstp comment}}}}}&#x20;{{nowrap|(০&nbsp;°সে-এ, ১০১.৩২৫&nbsp;पास्कल)}} }} | label42 = {{#if:{{{density gplstp|}}}|घनत्व|[[घनत्व]]}} {{nowrap|(कक्ष तापक्रम को नजिक)}} | data42 = {{#if:{{{density gpcm3nrt|}}} |{{{density gpcm3nrt}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3nrt ref|}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3nrt comment|}}}|&#x20;{{{density gpcm3nrt comment}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gplstp|}}}||&#x20;{{nowrap|(০&nbsp;°से-मा, १०१.३२५&nbsp;पास्कल)}}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3nrt 2|}}} |<br>{{{density gpcm3nrt 2}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3nrt 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3nrt 2 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3nrt 3|}}} |<br>{{{density gpcm3nrt 3}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−३{{{density gpcm3nrt 3 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3nrt 3 comment|}}}}} | label43 = {{#if:{{{density gplstp|}}}{{{density gpcm3nrt|}}}|तरलको घनत्व|तरलको [[घनत्व]]}} | data43 = {{#if:{{{density gpcm3mp|}}} |{{abbr|m.p.|पग्लने विन्दु}}:&#x20;{{{density gpcm3mp}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3mp ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3mp comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{density gpcm3bp|}}} |{{#if:{{{density gpcm3mp|}}}|<br>}}{{abbr|b.p.|उम्लने विन्दु}}:&#x20;{{{density gpcm3bp}}}&nbsp;g·cm^−৩{{{density gpcm3bp ref|}}}&#x20;{{{density gpcm3bp comment|}}} }} | label44 = त्रिक विन्दु | data44 = {{#if:{{{triple point K|}}}|{{{triple point K}}}&nbsp;के,&#x20;&#x200b;{{{triple point kPa}}}&nbsp;kPa{{{triple point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{triple point comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{triple point K 2|}}} |<br>{{{triple point K 2}}}&nbsp;কে, {{{triple point kPa 2}}}&nbsp;kPa{{{triple point 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{triple point 2 comment|}}} }} | label46 = परम विन्दु | data46 = {{#if:{{{critical point K|}}} |{{{critical point K}}}&nbsp;के, {{{critical point MPa}}}&nbsp;MPa{{{critical point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{critical point comment|}}} }} | label47 = पग्लने विन्दुको आन्तरिक उष्मागतिक क्षमता | data47 = {{#if:{{{heat fusion|}}}|{{{heat fusion}}}&nbsp;किलोजुल/मोल^−१]]{{{heat fusion ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat fusion comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{heat fusion 2|}}} |<br>{{{heat fusion 2}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{heat fusion 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat fusion 2 comment|}}} }} | label49 = वाष्पीकरणको अन्तरिक उष्मागतिक क्षमता | data49 = {{#if:{{{heat vaporization|}}} |{{{heat vaporization}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−১{{{heat vaporization ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat vaporization comment|}}} }} | label50 = ताप क्षमता | data50 = {{#if:{{{heat capacity|}}} |{{{heat capacity}}}&nbsp;J·mol^−१·K^−१{{{heat capacity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat capacity comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{heat capacity 2|}}} |<br>{{{heat capacity 2}}}&nbsp;जुल·मोल^−१·के^−१{{{heat capacity 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{heat capacity 2 comment|}}} }} | data53 = {{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k|}}} |वाष्प चाप{{{vapor pressure ref|}}}{{#if:{{{vapor pressure comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure comment}}}}}{{Infobox element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k|&nbsp;}}} }} }} | data54 = {{#if:{{{vapor pressure 1 2|}}}{{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|}}} |वाष्प चाप{{{vapor pressure 2 ref|}}}{{#if:{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} |&#x20;{{{vapor pressure 2 comment|}}} }}{{Infobox element/vapor pressure table |vp1={{{vapor pressure 1 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10={{{vapor pressure 10 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100={{{vapor pressure 100 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp1k={{{vapor pressure 1 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp10k={{{vapor pressure 10 k 2|&nbsp;}}} |vp100k={{{vapor pressure 100 k 2|&nbsp;}}} }} }} <!-- ATOMIC PROPERTIES 60+ ------------------> | header60 = आणविक विशेषता | data61 = {{{atomic properties comment|}}}{{{atomic properties|}}} | label62 = अक्सीकरण अवस्था | data62 = {{#if:{{{oxidation states|}}} |{{nowrap|{{{oxidation states}}}}}{{{oxidation states ref|}}}{{#if:{{{oxidation states comment|}}}|&#x20;&#x200b;{{{oxidation states comment}}}}} }} | label63 = विद्युत् ऋणात्मकता | data63 = {{#if:{{{electronegativity|}}} |{{{electronegativity}}} (पलिङ&nbsp;स्केल){{{electronegativity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{electronegativity comment|}}} }} | label65 = आयनीकरण ऊर्जा | data65 = {{#if:{{{ionization energy 1|}}} |১ম: {{{ionization energy 1|}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{ionization energy 1 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy 1 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{ionization energy 2|}}} |<br>২য়: {{{ionization energy 2|}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{ionization energy 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy 2 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{ionization energy 3|}}} |<br>৩য়: {{{ionization energy 3|}}}&nbsp;kJ·mol^−१{{{ionization energy 3 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy 3 comment|}}}}}{{#ifexpr:0{{#invoke:ConvertTime|main|{{{number of ionization energies|0}}}}}>3 |<br>[[Molar ionization energies of the elements#{{{name|}}}|(अधिक)]]}}{{#if:{{{ionization energy 1|}}} |{{{ionization energy ref|}}}&#x20;{{{ionization energy comment|}}} }} | label71 = आणविक अर्धव्यास | data71 = {{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}} |empirical:&#x20;{{{atomic radius}}}&nbsp;पिकोमिटर{{{atomic radius ref|}}}&#x20;{{{atomic radius comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{atomic radius calculated|}}} |{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}|<br>}}calculated:&#x20;{{{atomic radius calculated}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}|pm|पिकोमिटर}}{{{atomic radius calculated ref|}}}&#x20;{{{atomic radius calculated comment|}}} }} | label73 = समयोजी अर्धव्यास | data73 = {{#if:{{{covalent radius|}}} |{{{covalent radius}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}{{{atomic radius calculated|}}}|pm|पिकोमिटर}}{{{covalent radius ref|}}}&#x20;{{{covalent radius comment|}}} }} | label74 = भ्यान डर वल्स अर्धव्यास | data74 = {{#if:{{{Van der Waals radius|}}}|{{{Van der Waals radius}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{atomic radius|}}}{{{atomic radius calculated|}}}{{{covalent radius|}}}|pm|पिकोमिटर}}{{{Van der Waals radius ref|}}}&#x20;{{{Van der Waals radius comment|}}} }} <!-- MISCELLANEA 100+ ------------------> | header100 = {{#if:{{{CAS number|}}}|विविध}} | label101 = क्रिस्टल संरचना | data101 = {{#if:{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure|}}}{{{crystal structure comment|}}} |{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}&#x20;&#x200b;{{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure|}}}}}{{{crystal structure ref|}}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure|}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure|}}}|return=image}}|size=50px|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{ucfirst:{{{crystal structure}}}}} {{का|{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}}} लागि क्रिस्टल संरचना{{#if:{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}|&#x20;}}{{{name}}} }}</div>}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure comment|}}}|{{#if:{{{crystal structure prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure|}}}|<br>}}{{{crystal structure comment|}}} }} }} | label102 = क्रिस्टल संरचना | data102 = {{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure 2|}}}{{{crystal structure 2 comment|}}} |{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}&#x20;&#x200b;{{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure 2|}}}}}{{{crystal structure 2 ref|}}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2|}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{Infobox element/crystal structure|{{{crystal structure 2|}}}|return=image}}|size=50px|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{ucfirst:{{{crystal structure 2}}}}} {{का|{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}}} लागि क्रिस्टल संरचना{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}|&#x20;}}{{{name}}} }}</div>}}{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 comment|}}}|{{#if:{{{crystal structure 2 prefix|}}}{{{crystal structure 2|}}}|<br>}}{{{crystal structure 2 comment|}}} }} }} | label104 = आवाजको गति | data104 = {{#if:{{{speed of sound|}}} |{{{speed of sound}}} सेकेन्ड प्रति मिनेट^−१]]{{{speed of sound ref|}}}&#x20;{{{speed of sound comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{speed of sound rod at 20|}}} |{{#if:{{{speed of sound|}}}|<br>}}পাতলা&nbsp;रडमा:&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at 20}}}&nbsp;m·s^−১&#x20;(at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°से){{{speed of sound rod at 20 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at 20 comment|}}}}}{{#if:{{{speed of sound rod at r.t.|}}} |{{#if:{{{speed of sound|}}}{{{speed of sound rod at 20|}}}|<br>}}পাতলা&nbsp;रडमा:&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at r.t.}}}&nbsp;m·s^−১&#x20;(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|कक्ष तापक्रम}}){{{speed of sound rod at r.t. ref|}}}&#x20;{{{speed of sound rod at r.t. comment|}}} }}<!-- SoS Therm expo --> | label106 = तापीय प्रसाराङ्क]] | data106 = {{#if:{{{thermal expansion|}}} |{{{thermal expansion}}}&nbsp;µm·m^−১·K^−१{{{thermal expansion ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal expansion comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{thermal expansion at 25|}}} |{{#if:{{{thermal expansion|}}}|<br>}}{{{thermal expansion at 25}}}&nbsp;µm·m^−১·K^−১&#x20;(२५&nbsp;°से-मा){{{thermal expansion at 25 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal expansion at 25 comment|}}} }} | label107 = तापीय परिवाहीता | data107 = {{#if:{{{thermal conductivity|}}} |{{{thermal conductivity}}}&nbsp;W·m^−१·K^−१{{{thermal conductivity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal conductivity comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{thermal conductivity 2|}}} |<br>{{{thermal conductivity 2}}}&nbsp;W·m^−१·K^−१{{{thermal conductivity 2 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal conductivity 2 comment|}}} }} | label109 = तापीय विसरणशीलता | data109 = {{#if:{{{thermal diffusivity|}}}| {{{thermal diffusivity}}}&nbsp;mm^२/s&#x20;(३००&nbsp;के-मा){{{thermal diffusivity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{thermal diffusivity comment|}}} }} | label110 = विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता तथा परिवाहिता | data110 = {{#if:{{{electrical resistivity|}}} |{{{electrical resistivity}}}&nbsp;{{{electrical resistivity unit prefix|}}}Ω·m{{{electrical resistivity ref|}}}&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity at 0|}}} |{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity|}}}|<br>}}{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity at 0|}}} |০&nbsp;°से-मा:&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity at 0}}}&nbsp;{{{electrical resistivity unit prefix|}}}Ω·m{{{electrical resistivity at 0 ref|}}}}}&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity at 0 comment|}}} }}{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity at 20|}}} |{{#if:{{{electrical resistivity|}}}{{{electrical resistivity at 0|}}}|<br>}}২০&nbsp;°से-मा: {{{electrical resistivity at 20}}}&nbsp;{{{electrical resistivity unit prefix|}}}Ω·m{{{electrical resistivity at 20 ref|}}}&#x20;{{{electrical resistivity at 20 comment|}}} }} | label112 = ब्यान्ड ग्यास | data112 = {{#if:{{{band gap|}}}|{{{band gap}}}&nbsp;इलेक्ट्रोन भोल्ट (৩০০&nbsp;के-मा){{{band gap ref|}}}&#x20;{{{band gap comment|}}} }} | label114 = कुरी विन्दु | data114 = {{#if:{{{Curie point K|}}} |{{{Curie point K}}}&nbsp;के{{{Curie point ref|}}}&#x20;{{{Curie point com|}}}{{{discovered by|}}}{{{discovery date|}}}{{{first isolation by|}}}{{{first isolation date|}}}{{{named by|}}}{{{named date|}}}{{{history comment|}}}|इतिहास}} | label141 = नामकरण | data141 = {{{naming|}}} | label142 = भविष्यवाणी मिति | data142 = {{{predicted by|}}}{{#if:{{{prediction date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{predicted by|}}}|&#x20;({{{prediction date}}})|{{{prediction date}}} }}{{{prediction date ref|}}} }} }} | label143 = आविष्कार | data143 = {{{discovered by|}}}{{#if:{{{discovery date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{discovered by|}}}|&#x20;({{{discovery date}}})|{{{discovery date}}}}}}}{{{discovery date ref|}}} }} | label144 = प्रथम विच्छिन्न | data144 = {{{first isolation by|}}}{{#if:{{{first isolation date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{first isolation by|}}}|&#x20;({{{first isolation date}}})|{{{first isolation date}}}}}}}{{{first isolation date ref|}}} }} | label145 = नामकरण {{#if:{{{named by|}}}|द्वारा}} | data145 = {{{named by|}}}{{#if:{{{named date|}}} |{{nowrap|{{#if:{{{named by|}}}|&#x20;({{{named date}}})|{{{named date}}}}}}}{{{named date ref|}}} }} | label146 = {{{history comment label|}}} | data146 = {{{history comment|}}} <!-- ISOTOPES 160+ ---- ---- ----- About theoretical elements (Z >=119): - See also |above=text. - Article and redirect creation: See [[MOS:NONEWELEMENT]] (no trivial redirects, no unnotable, unsourced element pages) (1) does Article [[Isotopes of <element>]] exist? [Z=0-118, 119, 120]. (2) does Isobox [[Template:Infobox <element> isotopes]] exist? [Z=0-118]. - Page is redirect: as if does *not* exist. - In Infobox element: exceptions are hardcoded by number (Z) checking. - User:DePiep (Jan 2023) --> |header160 =<!-- set 2 links in "[[isotopes of {{{name_ne}}}]] V-E", depending on Z: -->{{#ifexpr:({{{Z|0}}}>=119) |<!-- THEORETICAL, 119+ -->{{#switch:{{{Z|0}}} |119|120=[[{{को|{{{name_ne}}}}} आइसोटोप]] |#default={{को|{{{name_ne}}}}} आइसोटोप }} |<!-- DISCOVERED, 1-118 -->[[{{को|{{{name_ne}}}}} आइसोटोप]]<span style="float:right; padding-right: 0.2em;">{{v|ढाँचा:infobox {{{name_ne|}}} आइसोटोप}}</span><!-- public V-E links for the Isobox; Z=0-118 -->}}<!-- ISOBOX ---- ----- ---- ----- All data is read from Isobox [[Infobox uranium isotopes]] When Z>=119: no Isobox (2023-01-01) --> | data161 ={{#ifexpr:({{{Z|1}}}>=119) |{{{theoretical isotopes comment|}}}<!-- like ''Experiments and theoretical calculations'': only shows for >=E119 then --> |{{#ifexist:ढाँचा:infobox {{{name_ne|हाइड्रोजन}}} आइसोटोप |{{ढाँचा:infobox {{{name_ne|हाइड्रोजन}}} आइसोटोप |child=yes}} |<span class="error"></span> }} }} <!-- BELOW, FOOTER (v-t-e links, references link) ---- ----- --> | belowclass =noprint | below ={{#ifexpr:{{{Z|1}}}>118||{{Category-inline|{{ucfirst:{{#switch:{{{symbol_ne|}}}|Hg=Mercury (element)|#default={{{name|{{{name_ne|मौलिक पदार्थ}}}}}}}}}}}}<br/>}}{{navbar|infobox_{{lc:{{{name|{{{name_ne|&#x20; पदार्थ}}}}}}}}|plain=1}}&#x20;{{!}}&#x20;सन्दर्भसूची }} <!-- END OF INFOBOX ----> <noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8p1iuwexykhug7h5dkg6hzutmzrcmji 0 46459 1372834 880685 2026-08-31T05:40:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372834 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border: 1px solid; float: right; width: 250px;" !colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #CCC;"| [[Image:Nylon6 and Nylon 66.png|320px|Nylon]] नाइलन [[Image:Nylon 3D.png|320px|Nylon 6,6 unit]] |- |[[Density]] |1.15&nbsp;g/cm³ |- style="background:#eee;" |[[Electrical conductivity]] (σ) |10⁻¹²&nbsp;[[siemens (unit)|S]]/m |- |[[Thermal conductivity]] |0.25&nbsp;[[Watt|W]]/(m·[[Kelvin|K]]) |- style="background:#eee;" |[[Melting point]] |463–624 [[Kelvin|K]]<br> 190–350 °[[Celsius|C]]<br> 374–663 °[[Fahrenheit|F]] |} '''नाइलन''' पोलिमाइडको रूपमा चिनिने सिन्थेटिक पोलिमरको एक प्रकार हो। सन १९३५ फेब्रुअरी २८ मा [[वाल्लास क्यारोथर]]ले ड्युपोन्ट एक्सपेरिमेन्ट स्टेशनमा ड्युपोन्ट अनुसन्धानको क्रममा पहिलो पटक नाइलन उत्पादन गरेका थिए। यो सबैभन्दा बढि प्रयोग हुने पोलिमर मध्य एक हो । [[Category:प्लाष्टिक]] dz86m5ubx5to3ummwxeb9q80q57rtt6 1372837 1372834 2026-08-31T06:15:02Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372837 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border: 1px solid; float: right; width: 250px;" !colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #CCC;"| [[Image:Nylon6 and Nylon 66.png|320px|Nylon]] नाइलन [[Image:Nylon 3D.png|320px|Nylon 6,6 unit]] |- |[[Density]] |1.15&nbsp;g/cm³ |- style="background:#eee;" |[[Electrical conductivity]] (σ) |10⁻¹²&nbsp;[[siemens (unit)|S]]/m |- |[[Thermal conductivity]] |0.25&nbsp;[[Watt|W]]/(m·[[Kelvin|K]]) |- style="background:#eee;" |[[पग्लने बिन्दु]] |463–624 [[Kelvin|K]]<br> 190–350 °[[Celsius|C]]<br> 374–663 °[[Fahrenheit|F]] |} '''नाइलन''' पोलिमाइडको रूपमा चिनिने सिन्थेटिक पोलिमरको एक प्रकार हो। सन १९३५ फेब्रुअरी २८ मा [[वाल्लास क्यारोथर]]ले ड्युपोन्ट एक्सपेरिमेन्ट स्टेशनमा ड्युपोन्ट अनुसन्धानको क्रममा पहिलो पटक नाइलन उत्पादन गरेका थिए। यो सबैभन्दा बढि प्रयोग हुने पोलिमर मध्य एक हो । [[Category:प्लाष्टिक]] dqng0e6v71bomx41l73zc8rqt90p6ui 0 49336 1372842 1366133 2026-08-31T06:24:49Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372842 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Insulincrystals.jpg|thumb|300px|ठोस अवस्थमा रहेको इन्सुलिनको मणिभ ]] '''ठोस''' पदार्थको मुख्य तीन अवस्था ([[ठोस]], [[तरल]] र [[ग्यास]]) मध्ये एक हो। यसमा अणुहरू खाँदिएर भरिएका हुन्छन् र एकअर्काबाट पार हुन गाह्रो हुन्छ। तरल पदार्थहरू जस्तो नभई, ठोस पदार्थहरू आफ्नो भाँडोको आकार लिन बग्दैनन्। यो ग्यास जस्तै सम्पूर्ण उपलब्ध ठाउँ भर्न विस्तार हुन सक्दैन।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-03 |title=7.2: Solids, Liquids, and Gases |url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC:_Chem_309_-_General_Organic_and_Biochemistry_(Bennett)/Text/07._States_of_Matter_and_the_Gas_Laws/7.2:_Solids_Liquids_and_Gases |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Chemistry LibreTexts |language=en}}</ref> अन्य तीन आधारभूत अवस्थाहरू जस्तै, ठोस पदार्थहरू पनि तताउँदा विस्तार हुन्छन्।,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Allain |first=Rhett |title=Why Do Solids Expand When Heated? |url=https://www.wired.com/2013/08/why-do-solids-expand-when-heated/ |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028 |access-date=2025-03-18 |magazine=Wired}}</ref> यद्यपि, ठोस पदार्थहरूले यो धेरै कम हदसम्म गर्छन्।<ref>{{Citation |last=Elert |first=Glenn |title=Thermal Expansion |date=2025 |url=https://physics.info/expansion/ |work=The Physics Hypertextbook |access-date=2025-03-18 |publisher=hypertextbook |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why solids expand on heating |url=https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/279932/why-solids-expand-on-heating |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Physics Stack Exchange |language=en}}</ref> जब यसलाई यसको [[पग्लने बिन्दु]]मा तताइन्छ, ठोस पदार्थहरू क्रमशः तरलमा पग्लिन्छन् वा सिधै ग्यासमा परिवर्तन हुन्छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-12 |title=3: Phase Changes |url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Bellarmine_University/BU:_Chem_104_(Christianson)/Phase_1:_The_Phases_of_Matter/3:_Phase_Changes |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=Chemistry LibreTexts |language=en}}</ref> {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Solids (matter)}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] 6l1lbduvntjcyna0k0v80xna37maa5g 828 55244 1372792 1372640 2026-08-30T13:20:48Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1372792 Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to replace the functionality of {{Coord}} and related templates. It provides several methods, including {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }} : General function formatting and displaying coordinate values. {{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms }} : Simple function for converting decimal degree values to DMS format. {{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec }} : Simple function for converting DMS format to decimal degree format. {{#invoke:Coordinates | link }} : Export the link used to reach the tools ]] require('strict') local math_mod = require("Module:Math") local coordinates = {}; local isSandbox = mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true); local current_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local page_name = mw.uri.encode( current_page.prefixedText, 'WIKI' ); local coord_link = 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=' .. page_name .. '&params=' --[[ Helper function, replacement for {{coord/display/title}} ]] local function displaytitle(coords) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'indicator', args = { name = 'coordinates' }, content = '<span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: ' .. coords .. '</span>' } end --[[ Helper function, used in detecting DMS formatting ]] local function dmsTest(first, second) if type(first) ~= 'string' or type(second) ~= 'string' then return nil end local s = (first .. second):upper() return s:find('^[NS][EW]$') or s:find('^[EW][NS]$') end --[[ Wrapper function to grab args, see Module:Arguments for this function's documentation. ]] local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:Coord' }) return coordinates[funcName](args, frame) end end --[[ Helper function, handle optional args. ]] local function optionalArg(arg, supplement) return arg and arg .. supplement or '' end --[[ Formats any error messages generated for display ]] local function errorPrinter(errors) local result = "" for i,v in ipairs(errors) do result = result .. '<strong class="error">Coordinates: ' .. v[2] .. '</strong><br />' end return result end --[[ Determine the required CSS class to display coordinates Usually geo-nondefault is hidden by CSS, unless a user has overridden this for himself default is the mode as specificied by the user when calling the {{coord}} template mode is the display mode (dec or dms) that we will need to determine the css class for ]] local function displayDefault(default, mode) if default == "" then default = "dec" end if default == mode then return "geo-default" else return "geo-nondefault" end end --[[ specPrinter Output formatter. Takes the structure generated by either parseDec or parseDMS and formats it for inclusion on Wikipedia. ]] local function specPrinter(args, coordinateSpec) local uriComponents = coordinateSpec["param"] if uriComponents == "" then -- RETURN error, should never be empty or nil return "ERROR param was empty" end if args["name"] then uriComponents = uriComponents .. "&title=" .. mw.uri.encode(coordinateSpec["name"]) end local geodmshtml = '<span class="geo-dms" title="यस स्थानको लागि नक्सा, हवाई तस्वीरहरू, र अन्य आँकडा">' .. '<span class="latitude">' .. coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] .. '</span> ' .. '<span class="longitude">' ..coordinateSpec["dms-long"] .. '</span>' .. '</span>' local lat = tonumber( coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] ) or 0 local geodeclat if lat < 0 then -- FIXME this breaks the pre-existing precision geodeclat = tostring(coordinateSpec["dec-lat"]):sub(2) .. "°S" else geodeclat = (coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] or 0) .. "°N" end local long = tonumber( coordinateSpec["dec-long"] ) or 0 local geodeclong if long < 0 then -- FIXME does not handle unicode minus geodeclong = tostring(coordinateSpec["dec-long"]):sub(2) .. "°W" else geodeclong = (coordinateSpec["dec-long"] or 0) .. "°E" end local geodechtml = '<span class="geo-dec" title="यस स्थानको लागि नक्सा, हवाई तस्वीरहरू, र अन्य आँकडा">' .. geodeclat .. ' ' .. geodeclong .. '</span>' local geonumhtml = '<span class="geo">' .. coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] .. '; ' .. coordinateSpec["dec-long"] .. '</span>' local inner = '<span class="' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec["default"], "dms" ) .. '">' .. geodmshtml .. '</span>' .. '<span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span>' .. '<span class="' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec["default"], "dec" ) .. '">'; if not args["name"] then inner = inner .. geodechtml .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / ' .. geonumhtml .. '</span></span>' else inner = inner .. '<span class="vcard">' .. geodechtml .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / ' .. geonumhtml .. '</span>' .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">' .. args["name"] .. '</span>)</span></span></span>' end local stylesheetLink = 'Module:Coordinates' .. ( isSandbox and '/sandbox' or '' ) .. '/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = stylesheetLink } } .. '<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[' .. coord_link .. uriComponents .. ' ' .. inner .. ']</span>' .. '[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]' end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees ]] local function convert_dec2dms_d(coordinate) local d = math_mod._round( coordinate, 0 ) .. "°" return d .. "" end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees and minutes ]] local function convert_dec2dms_dm(coordinate) coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60, 0 ); local m = coordinate % 60; coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 ); local d = coordinate % 360 .."°" return d .. string.format( "%02d′", m ) end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees, minutes, and seconds ]] local function convert_dec2dms_dms(coordinate) coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60 * 60, 0 ); local s = coordinate % 60 coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - s) / 60 ); local m = coordinate % 60 coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 ); local d = coordinate % 360 .."°" return d .. string.format( "%02d′", m ) .. string.format( "%02d″", s ) end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal latitude or longitude to degrees, minutes, and seconds format based on the specified precision. ]] local function convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision) local coord = tonumber(coordinate) local postfix if coord >= 0 then postfix = firstPostfix else postfix = secondPostfix end precision = precision:lower(); if precision == "dms" then return convert_dec2dms_dms( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; elseif precision == "dm" then return convert_dec2dms_dm( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; elseif precision == "d" then return convert_dec2dms_d( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; end end --[[ Convert DMS format into a N or E decimal coordinate ]] local function convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees_str, minutes_str, seconds_str) local degrees = tonumber(degrees_str) local minutes = tonumber(minutes_str) or 0 local seconds = tonumber(seconds_str) or 0 local factor = 1 if direction == "S" or direction == "W" then factor = -1 end local precision = 0 if seconds_str then precision = 5 + math.max( math_mod._precision(seconds_str), 0 ); elseif minutes_str and minutes_str ~= '' then precision = 3 + math.max( math_mod._precision(minutes_str), 0 ); else precision = math.max( math_mod._precision(degrees_str), 0 ); end local decimal = factor * (degrees+(minutes+seconds/60)/60) return string.format( "%." .. precision .. "f", decimal ) -- not tonumber since this whole thing is string based. end --[[ Checks input values to for out of range errors. ]] local function validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, source, strong ) local errors = {}; lat_d = tonumber( lat_d ) or 0; lat_m = tonumber( lat_m ) or 0; lat_s = tonumber( lat_s ) or 0; long_d = tonumber( long_d ) or 0; long_m = tonumber( long_m ) or 0; long_s = tonumber( long_s ) or 0; if strong then if lat_d < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees < 0 with hemisphere flag"}) end if long_d < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees < 0 with hemisphere flag"}) end --[[ #coordinates is inconsistent about whether this is an error. If globe: is specified, it won't error on this condition, but otherwise it will. For not simply disable this check. if long_d > 180 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees > 180 with hemisphere flag"}) end ]] end if lat_d > 90 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees > 90"}) end if lat_d < -90 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees < -90"}) end if lat_m >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude minutes >= 60"}) end if lat_m < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude minutes < 0"}) end if lat_s >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude seconds >= 60"}) end if lat_s < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude seconds < 0"}) end if long_d >= 360 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees >= 360"}) end if long_d <= -360 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees <= -360"}) end if long_m >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude minutes >= 60"}) end if long_m < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude minutes < 0"}) end if long_s >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude seconds >= 60"}) end if long_s < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude seconds < 0"}) end return errors; end --[[ parseDec Transforms decimal format latitude and longitude into the structure to be used in displaying coordinates ]] local function parseDec( lat, long, format ) local coordinateSpec = {} local errors = {} if not long then return nil, {{"parseDec", "Missing longitude"}} elseif not tonumber(long) then return nil, {{"parseDec", "Longitude could not be parsed as a number: " .. long}} end errors = validate( lat, nil, nil, long, nil, nil, 'parseDec', false ); coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] = lat; coordinateSpec["dec-long"] = long; local mode = coordinates.determineMode( lat, long ); coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] = convert_dec2dms( lat, "N", "S", mode) -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{1}}}|N|S|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}} coordinateSpec["dms-long"] = convert_dec2dms( long, "E", "W", mode) -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{2}}}|E|W|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}} if format then coordinateSpec.default = format else coordinateSpec.default = "dec" end return coordinateSpec, errors end --[[ parseDMS Transforms degrees, minutes, seconds format latitude and longitude into the a structure to be used in displaying coordinates ]] local function parseDMS( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, lat_f, long_d, long_m, long_s, long_f, format ) local coordinateSpec, errors, backward = {}, {} lat_f = lat_f:upper(); long_f = long_f:upper(); -- Check if specified backward if lat_f == 'E' or lat_f == 'W' then lat_d, long_d, lat_m, long_m, lat_s, long_s, lat_f, long_f, backward = long_d, lat_d, long_m, lat_m, long_s, lat_s, long_f, lat_f, true; end errors = validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, 'parseDMS', true ); if not long_d then return nil, {{"parseDMS", "Missing longitude" }} elseif not tonumber(long_d) then return nil, {{"parseDMS", "Longitude could not be parsed as a number:" .. long_d }} end if not lat_m and not lat_s and not long_m and not long_s and #errors == 0 then if math_mod._precision( lat_d ) > 0 or math_mod._precision( long_d ) > 0 then if lat_f:upper() == 'S' then lat_d = '-' .. lat_d; end if long_f:upper() == 'W' then long_d = '-' .. long_d; end return parseDec( lat_d, long_d, format ); end end coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] = lat_d.."°"..optionalArg(lat_m,"′") .. optionalArg(lat_s,"″") .. lat_f coordinateSpec["dms-long"] = long_d.."°"..optionalArg(long_m,"′") .. optionalArg(long_s,"″") .. long_f coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] = convert_dms2dec(lat_f, lat_d, lat_m, lat_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{4}}}|{{{1}}}|0{{{2}}}|0{{{3}}}}} coordinateSpec["dec-long"] = convert_dms2dec(long_f, long_d, long_m, long_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{8}}}|{{{5}}}|0{{{6}}}|0{{{7}}}}} if format then coordinateSpec.default = format else coordinateSpec.default = "dms" end return coordinateSpec, errors, backward end --[[ Check the input arguments for coord to determine the kind of data being provided and then make the necessary processing. ]] local function formatTest(args) local result, errors local backward, primary = false, false local function getParam(args, lim) local ret = {} for i = 1, lim do ret[i] = args[i] or '' end return table.concat(ret, '_') end if not args[1] then -- no lat logic return errorPrinter( {{"formatTest", "Missing latitude"}} ) elseif not tonumber(args[1]) then -- bad lat logic return errorPrinter( {{"formatTest", "Unable to parse latitude as a number:" .. args[1]}} ) elseif not args[4] and not args[5] and not args[6] then -- dec logic result, errors = parseDec(args[1], args[2], args.format) if not result then return errorPrinter(errors); end -- formatting for geohack: geohack expects D_N_D_E notation or D;D notation -- wikiminiatlas doesn't support D;D notation -- #coordinates parserfunction doesn't support negative decimals with NSWE result.param = table.concat({ math.abs(tonumber(args[1])), ((tonumber(args[1]) or 0) < 0) and 'S' or 'N', math.abs(tonumber(args[2])), ((tonumber(args[2]) or 0) < 0) and 'W' or 'E', args[3] or ''}, '_') elseif dmsTest(args[4], args[8]) then -- dms logic result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6], args[7], args[8], args.format) if args[10] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'}) end if not result then return errorPrinter(errors) end result.param = getParam(args, 9) elseif dmsTest(args[3], args[6]) then -- dm logic result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], args[2], nil, args[3], args[4], args[5], nil, args[6], args['format']) if args[8] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'}) end if not result then return errorPrinter(errors) end result.param = getParam(args, 7) elseif dmsTest(args[2], args[4]) then -- d logic result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], nil, nil, args[2], args[3], nil, nil, args[4], args.format) if args[6] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'}) end if not result then return errorPrinter(errors) end result.param = getParam(args, 5) else -- Error return errorPrinter({{"formatTest", "Unknown argument format"}}) .. '[[Category:Pages with malformed coordinate tags]]' end result.name = args.name local extra_param = {'dim', 'globe', 'scale', 'region', 'source', 'type'} for _, v in ipairs(extra_param) do if args[v] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Parameter: "' .. v .. '=" should be "' .. v .. ':"' }) end end local ret = specPrinter(args, result) if #errors > 0 then ret = ret .. ' ' .. errorPrinter(errors) .. '[[Category:Pages with malformed coordinate tags]]' end return ret, backward end --[[ Generate Wikidata tracking categories. ]] local function makeWikidataCategories(qid) local ret local qid = qid or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if mw.wikibase and current_page.namespace == 0 then if qid and mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) and mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625") and mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625")[1] then local snaktype = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625")[1].mainsnak.snaktype if snaktype == 'value' then -- coordinates exist both here and on Wikidata, and can be compared. ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata' elseif snaktype == 'somevalue' then ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata set to unknown value' elseif snaktype == 'novalue' then ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata set to no value' end else -- We have to either import the coordinates to Wikidata or remove them here. ret = 'विकिडाटामा निर्देशाङ्क छैन' end end if ret then return string.format('[[श्रेणी:%s]]', ret) else return '' end end --[[ Parse coordinates entered as a single string ]] local function text2coord(text) if type(text) ~= 'string' then return end local coords = {} local numTerms = 0 local parts local function assign(k, number, start, pos) if number then coords[start + pos - 1] = number if k == 1 then numTerms = pos elseif numTerms < pos then -- more terms in long than lat return false end elseif numTerms >= pos then -- more terms in lat than long return false end return true end text = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(text:uupper()), "[*′″]", {['*'] = '°', ['′'] = "'", ['″'] = '"'}) for _, regex in ipairs({ "^([+%-%d.°'\"NS%s]+),%s*([+%-%d.°'\"EW%s]+)$", --split by commas "^([+%-%d.°'\"%s]+[NS])%s*([+%-%d.°'\"%s]+[EW])$", --split by N/S "^([+%-%d.°'%s]+\")%s*([+%-%d.°'%s]+\")$", --split by " "^([+%-%d.°%s]+')%s*([+%-%d.°%s]+')$", --split by ' "^([+%-%d.%s]+°)%s*([+%-%d.%s]+°)$", --split by ° "^([+%-%d.]+)%s+([+%-%d.]+)$" --split by space }) do local lat, long = string.match(text, regex) if lat and long then parts = {mw.text.trim(lat), mw.text.trim(long)} break end end if not parts then return end local SW = {"दक्षिण", "पश्चिम"} local NE = {"उत्त", "पूर्व"} for k, v in ipairs(parts) do local number local start = k + numTerms -- Find or create N, S, E, and W local dir = v:match("([NSEW])$") if dir then v = v:sub(1,-2) elseif v:sub(1,1) == '-' then v = v:sub(2) dir = SW[k] else dir = NE[k] end -- attempt to convert text to number number = tonumber(v) if number then -- Single number, assign it to the position "start" in the "coords" array if not assign(k, number, start, 1) then return end -- attempt to convert dms to decimal elseif string.match(v, "°") then for pos, regex in ipairs({ "^%s*([+%-%d.]+)%s*°[^°]*$", --degrees "^[^°']+°%s*([%d.]+)%s*'[^°']*$", --minutes "^[^'\"]+'%s*([%d.]+)%s*\"[^'\"]*$" --seconds }) do -- Assign component to a position in the "coords" array determined -- by "start" and "pos", and increment "numTerms" if this is latitude if not assign(k, tonumber(string.match(v, regex)), start, pos) then return end end end if coords[start] == nil then return end coords[start + numTerms] = dir end return coords end --[[ link Simple function to export the coordinates link for other uses. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | link }} ]] function coordinates.link(frame) return coord_link; end --[[ dec2dms Wrapper to allow templates to call dec2dms directly. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms | decimal_coordinate | positive_suffix | negative_suffix | precision }} decimal_coordinate is converted to DMS format. If positive, the positive_suffix is appended (typical N or E), if negative, the negative suffix is appended. The specified precision is one of 'D', 'DM', or 'DMS' to specify the level of detail to use. ]] coordinates.dec2dms = makeInvokeFunc('_dec2dms') function coordinates._dec2dms(args) local coordinate = args[1] local firstPostfix = args[2] or '' local secondPostfix = args[3] or '' local precision = args[4] or '' return convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision) end --[[ Helper function to determine whether to use D, DM, or DMS format depending on the precision of the decimal input. ]] function coordinates.determineMode( value1, value2 ) local precision = math.max( math_mod._precision( value1 ), math_mod._precision( value2 ) ); if precision <= 0 then return 'd' elseif precision <= 2 then return 'dm'; else return 'dms'; end end --[[ dms2dec Wrapper to allow templates to call dms2dec directly. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec | direction_flag | degrees | minutes | seconds }} Converts DMS values specified as degrees, minutes, seconds too decimal format. direction_flag is one of N, S, E, W, and determines whether the output is positive (i.e. N and E) or negative (i.e. S and W). ]] coordinates.dms2dec = makeInvokeFunc('_dms2dec') function coordinates._dms2dec(args) local direction = args[1] local degrees = args[2] local minutes = args[3] local seconds = args[4] return convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees, minutes, seconds) end --[[ coord Main entry point for Lua function to replace {{coord}} Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }} {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | long }} {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | lat_flag | long | long_flag }} ... Refer to {{coord}} documentation page for many additional parameters and configuration options. Note: This function provides the visual display elements of {{coord}}. In order to load coordinates into the database, the {{#coordinates:}} parser function must also be called, this is done automatically in the Lua version of {{coord}}. ]] coordinates.coord = makeInvokeFunc('_coord') function coordinates._coord(args) if not tonumber(args[1]) then local parsed = text2coord(args[1]) if parsed then -- full lat/long entered as a single string for i = 2, #args do args[#parsed + i - 1] = args[i] end for i, v in ipairs(parsed) do args[i] = v end elseif not args[2] then -- look for coordinates from wikidata args[3] = args[1]; args[1] = nil local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(args.qid) if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local precision = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.precision args[1] = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.latitude args[2] = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.longitude if precision then precision = -math_mod._round(math.log(precision)/math.log(10),0) args[1] = math_mod._round(args[1],precision) args[2] = math_mod._round(args[2],precision) end end end end local contents, backward = formatTest(args) local Notes = args.notes or '' local Display = args.display and args.display:lower() or 'inline' -- it and ti are short for inline,title and title,inline local function isInline(s) -- Finds whether coordinates are displayed inline. return s:find('inline') ~= nil or s == 'i' or s == 'it' or s == 'ti' end local function isInTitle(s) -- Finds whether coordinates are displayed in the title. return s:find('title') ~= nil or s == 't' or s == 'it' or s == 'ti' end local function coord_wrapper(in_args) -- Calls the parser function {{#coordinates:}}. return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#coordinates', in_args) or '' end local text = '' if isInline(Display) then text = text .. '<span class="geo-inline">' .. contents .. Notes .. '</span>' end if isInTitle(Display) then -- Add to output since indicator content is invisible to Lua later on if not isInline(Display) then text = text .. '<span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt">' .. contents .. Notes .. '</span>' end text = text .. displaytitle(contents .. Notes) .. makeWikidataCategories(args.qid) end if not args.nosave then local page_title, count = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(), 1 if backward then local tmp = {} while not string.find((args[count-1] or ''), '[EW]') do tmp[count] = (args[count] or ''); count = count+1 end tmp.count = count; count = 2*(count-1) while count >= tmp.count do table.insert(tmp, 1, (args[count] or '')); count = count-1 end for i, v in ipairs(tmp) do args[i] = v end else while count <= 9 do args[count] = (args[count] or ''); count = count+1 end end if isInTitle(Display) and not page_title.isTalkPage and page_title.subpageText ~= 'doc' and page_title.subpageText ~= 'testcases' then args[10] = 'primary' end args.notes, args.format, args.display = nil text = text .. coord_wrapper(args) end return text end --[[ coord2text Extracts a single value from a transclusion of {{Coord}}. IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord2text | {{Coord}} | parameter }} Valid values for the second parameter are: lat (signed integer), long (signed integer), type, scale, dim, region, globe, source ]] function coordinates._coord2text(coord,type) if coord == '' or type == '' or not type then return nil end type = mw.text.trim(type) if type == 'lat' or type == 'long' then local coordString = mw.ustring.match(coord,'[%.%d]+°[NS] [%.%d]+°[EW]') if not coordString then return nil end local result = mw.text.split(coordString, ' ') local negative if type == 'lat' then result, negative = result[1], 'S' else result, negative = result[2], 'W' end if not result then return nil end result = mw.text.split(result, '°') if not result[1] then return nil end if result[2] == negative then result[1] = '-'..result[1] end return result[1] else return mw.ustring.match(coord, 'params=.-_' .. type .. ':(.-)[ _]') end end function coordinates.coord2text(frame) return coordinates._coord2text(frame.args[1],frame.args[2]) or '' end --[[ coordinsert Injects some text into the Geohack link of a transclusion of {{Coord}} (if that text isn't already in the transclusion). Outputs the modified transclusion of {{Coord}}. IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coordinsert | {{Coord}} | parameter:value | parameter:value | … }} Do not make Geohack unhappy by inserting something which isn't mentioned in the {{Coord}} documentation. ]] function coordinates.coordinsert(frame) -- for the 2nd or later integer parameter (the first is the coord template, as above) for i, v in ipairs(frame.args) do if i ~= 1 then -- if we cannot find in the coord_template the i_th coordinsert parameter e.g. region if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], (mw.ustring.match(frame.args[i], '^(.-:)') or '')) then -- find from the params= up to the first possibly-present underscore -- and append the i_th coordinsert parameter and a space -- IDK why we're adding a space but it does seem somewhat convenient frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(params=.-)_? ', '%1_'..frame.args[i]..' ') end end end if frame.args.name then -- if we can't find the vcard class if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], '<span class="vcard">') then -- take something that looks like a coord template and add the vcard span with class and fn org class local namestr = frame.args.name frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub( frame.args[1], '(<span class="geo%-default">)(<span[^<>]*>[^<>]*</span><span[^<>]*>[^<>]*<span[^<>]*>[^<>]*</span></span>)(</span>)', '%1<span class="vcard">%2<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">' .. namestr .. '</span>)</span></span>%3' ) -- then find anything from coordinates parameters to the 'end' and attach the title parameter frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub( frame.args[1], '(&params=[^&"<>%[%] ]*) ', '%1&title=' .. mw.uri.encode(namestr) .. ' ' ) end end -- replace the existing indicator with a new indicator using the modified content frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub( frame.args[1], '(<span class="geo%-inline[^"]*">(.+)</span>)\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-indicator%-%x+%-%-?QINU[^\127]*\127', function (inline, coord) return inline .. displaytitle(coord) end ) return frame.args[1] end return coordinates hst8jvzv92zr93bap3u49g7n3qjeb7h 0 55432 1372798 1372787 2026-08-30T13:44:35Z Saroj 31493 [[नेपाली चलचित्र#इतिहास]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1372798 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[नेपाली_चलचित्र#इतिहास]] g7fsj0p61v3br8noukh4y4u3e1p4h3r 0 69491 1372844 1135932 2026-08-31T06:26:28Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* लवणका गुणहरु */ 1372844 wikitext text/x-wiki सामान्यतया लवण एउटा तटस्थ [[रासायनिक यौगिक|यौगिक]] हो । यसमा [[अम्ल]]मा भएको [[उदजन|हाइड्रोजन]]लाई धातुले पूर्ण या आंशिक रूपमा विस्थापित गरेको हुन्छ<br /> NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H_२O<br /> CuO + H_२SO_४ → CuSO_४ + H_२O<br /> यहाँ माथिको समीकरणमा NaCl र CuSO_४ लवण हुन् । === लवणका गुणहरु === # धेरैजसो लवणहरूको स्वाद तीतो हुन्छ भने केहि लवणहरु नुनिलो हुन्छन् ।<br /> # [[सूचक पदार्थ]]हरुप्रती कुनै लवण (जस्तै NaCl) तटस्थ हुन्छ्न् भने कुनै अम्लिय (जस्तै CuSO_४) र कुनै क्षारिय (जस्तै Na_२CO_३) हुन्छन् ।<br /> # धेरैजसो लवणहरु पानीमा घुलनसिल हुन्छ्न् ।<br /> # लवणहरूको [[पग्लने बिन्दु|पग्लने]] र [[उम्लने बिन्दु]] प्रायः उच्च हुन्छ ।<br /> === लवण बन्ने प्रक्रिया === # [[तत्व]]हरूको प्रत्यक्ष मिलनद्वारा :<br /> २Fe + ३Cl_२ → २ FeCl_३<br /> २Na + Cl_२ → २NaCl<br /> # केहि धातुहरु (जस्तै: जस्ता/जिङ्क, म्याग्नेसियम, सोडियम) जस्ता धातुहरूले [[अम्ल]]सँग प्रतिक्रिया गरी लवण बनाउँदछ्न् ।<br /> # धातुका अक्साइडहरूले( जस्तै: MgO, FeO) अम्लसँग प्रतिक्रिया गरी लवण बनाउँदछ्न् ।<br /> # अम्ल र [[क्षार]] बिच रासायनिक प्रतिक्रिया हुँदा लवण बन्छ ।<br /> # अम्ललाई कार्बोनेट र बाइकार्बोनेटसँग प्रतिक्रिया गराएर पनि लवण बनाउन सकिन्छ । === लवणको प्रयोग === # खाने नुन लवण हो जुन खान प्रयोग गरिन्छ । # [[साबुन]], ग्लास तथा [[डिटरजेन्ट]] बनाउन । # चक तथा Plaster of Paris बनाउन । # [[रासायनिक मल]] बनाउन । # [[सेल ब्याट्री]]हरूमा [[इलेक्ट्रोलाईट]]का रूपमा । [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] 2mqr62i8jlms5h6msijyacxh54t4qu0 0 79238 1372799 1356122 2026-08-30T13:49:43Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1372799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = नमोबुद्ध नगरपालिका#काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kavrepalanchowk/namobuddha?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = कुनसाङ लामा <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = रत्‍नबहादुर लामा <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 102<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=31&municipality=8|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 26160 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|32|16|N|85|39|03|E|display=inline,title|region:NP_type:city}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०११ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = भकुण्डेबेसी | website = [http://namobuddhamun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला]]का ६ [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, साविकका [[खनालथोक]], [[मथुरापाटी फूलबारी]], [[मेथिनकोट]], [[पुरानागाउँ दाप्चा]], [[दाप्चा छत्रेबाँझ]], [[डराउने पोखरी]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू गाभिएर '''दाप्चाकाशिखण्ड नगरपालिका'''को रूपमा स्थापना भएको थियो भने २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा [[कानपुर कालापानी]] र [[सिमलचौर श्यामपाटी|श्यामपाटी सिमलचौर]] गाविसहरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। == जनसङ्ख्या र वडागत विवरण == [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार नमोबुद्ध नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या २६,१६० रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,१४८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> यस नगरपालिकालाई ११ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ नमोबुद्ध नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[मथुरापाटी फूलबारी]] (१-२,४-५,९) र [[सिमलचौर श्यामपाटी]] (१-३) || १,६११ || ५.७४ || २८०.६६ |- | २ || [[मथुरापाटी फूलबारी]] (३,६-८) || ३,८३९ || १२.३६ || ३१०.६० |- | ३ || [[मेथिनकोट]] (३-७,९) || २,१३३ || ७.७४ || २७५.५८ |- | ४ || [[मेथिनकोट]] (१-२,८) || २,४६३ || १३.६६ || १८०.३१ |- | ५ || [[कानपुर कालापानी]] || ३,३०५ || १८.७६ || १७६.१७ |- | ६ || [[खनालथोक]] (१-२,९) || १,३१९ || ५.२२ || २५२.६८ |- | ७ || [[खनालथोक]] (३-८) || ३,६६३ || ७.६ || ४८१.९७ |- | ८ || [[डराउने पोखरी]] || १,९१३ || ८.६४ || २२१.४१ |- | ९ || [[दाप्चा छत्रेबाँझ]] (१-५,७-९) || १,६८४ || ९.२३ || १८२.४५ |- | १० || [[पुरानागाउँ दाप्चा]] र [[दाप्चा छत्रेबाँझ]] (६) || १,८३० || ४.३८ || ४१७.८१ |- | ११ || [[सिमलचौर श्यामपाटी]] (४-९) || २,४०० || ९.०५ || २६५.१९ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! २६,१६० !! १०२.३८ !! २५५.५२ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddckavre.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[श्रेणी:काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] 6nhnasf94l9ht2ff5axj28ng343we5q 0 79362 1372831 1296992 2026-08-31T04:11:19Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Infobox person |name = सुन्दर पिचाई<!--Per ढाँचा:Infobox person, common name of the person should be mentioned here. No need to put native name here if it's already mentioned in the native_name parameter--> |image = Sundar Pichai - 2023 (cropped).jpg |alt = |caption = |birth_name = पिचाई सुन्दराराजन |native_name = பிச்சை சுந்தராஜன் |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1972|7|12}} |birth_place = [[चेन्नई]], [[तमिलनाडु]], भारत |death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age |df=yes|YYYY |MM |DD |YYYY |MM |DD}} or {{Death-date and age |df=yes|Month DD, YYYY |Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --> |death_place = |nationality = <!-- Indian<ref>{{cite news| url=http://niptara.com/sundar-pichai-wiki-bio-age-height-biography-image-wife-facts-details/ | title=Sundar Pichai, biography | date=11 August 2015}}</ref> (No longer Indian Citizen he hold American citizenship --> |citizenship = संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका <ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghosh|first1=Anirvan|title=9 Most Prominent Indian-Americans In Silicon Valley|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/08/11/indian-americans-silicon-_n_7969308.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref> |religion = |education = बिटेक, एमएस र एमबिए |alma_mater = आइआइटि खडगपुर<br>[[स्ट्यानफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय]]<br>पेन्सिलभेनिया विश्वविद्यालय<!--Higher education Insitutions. Per ढाँचा:Infobox Person--> |other_names = |occupation = उत्पादन प्रमुख र <br>[[गुगल]]को मनोनित कार्यकारी प्रमुख<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/India-born-Sundar-Pichai-is-new-CEO-of-Google/articleshow/48430934.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |title=India-born Sundar Pichai is new CEO of Google |accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref> |employer = [[गुगल]] |website = |spouse = अञ्जली पिचाई }} <!-- *** The restructuring that will make Alphabet Inc. the holding company *** of Google is still in progress. *** Until such time as when it is completed, don't write about *** the future as if it is the present. --> '''पिचाई सुन्दरराजन''' ([[तमिल भाषा|तमिल]] : '''பிச்சை சுந்தராஜன்''') '''सुन्दर पिचाई'''को नामले जानिन्छन्। उनी प्राविधिक कार्यकारी हुन जो वर्तमानमा [[गुगल]]का उत्पादन प्रमुख हुन।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft? |publisher=Times of India |date= 2 February 2014<!-- 01.33 AM IST--> |accessdate=4 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=12 May 2011 |accessdate=15 November 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101170603/http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |date=1 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/alphabet-pichai-sundararajan/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP LIVE | title=More Intresting Facts about Pichai Sundararajan | date=11 August 2015}}</ref> सन् २०१५ अगस्ट १० मा उनलाई गुगलको नयाँ [[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत]] बनाइने घोषणा गरिएको छ।<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html|title=G is for Google|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवनी== पिचाईको जन्म सन् १९७२ मा [[भारत]]को [[चेन्नई|मद्रास]], [[तमिलनाडु]]मा भएको थियो। उनको आमा नाम लक्ष्मी र बुवाको नाम रघुनाथ पिचाई हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33861128|title=Sundar Pichai and the world of Indian CEOs}}</ref> उनको बुवा रघुनाथ पिचाई वरिष्ठ विद्युत इन्जिनियर थिए। उनी ब्रिटिस कम्पनी जेनरल इलेक्ट्रिकको लागि काम गर्थे।<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.dailyo.in/technology/sundar-pichai-google-android-alphabet-inc-iit-k-stanford-wharton-eric-schmidt/story/1/5589.html | title=Ten things about Sundar Pichai | publisher= dailyo.in | date=11 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.y-axis.com/news/sundar-pichai-inspiring-migrant-story-2/ | title=Sundar Pichai – An Inspiring Migrant Story | publisher=Y- AXIS | date=11 August 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217190010/http://www.y-axis.com/news/sundar-pichai-inspiring-migrant-story-2/ |date=17 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/here-is-how-well-liked-sundar-pichai-became-google-ceo/ | title=Sundar Pichai, the man who runs Android | publisher= The Indian Express | date=11 August 2015}}</ref> सुन्दरले आफ्नो वाल्यकाल अशोकनगर मद्रासमा बिताएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=A shy, quiet boy who loved science|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/A-shy-quiet-boy-who-loved-science/articleshow/48446157.cms|website=http://www.mumbaimirror.com|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.|accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref> उनको विवाह अञ्जलीसँग भएको थियो जो उनी सँगै आइआइटी खडगपुरमा पढ्ने गर्थिन।<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/pub/anjali-pichai/1/369/55</ref> र वर्तमानमा उनीहरूको २ वटा बच्चा छ।<ref name="siliconindia.com"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://niptara.com/sundar-pichai-wiki-bio-age-height-biography-image-wife-facts-details/ | title=Sundar Pichai, biography | date=11 August 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813191106/http://niptara.com/sundar-pichai-wiki-bio-age-height-biography-image-wife-facts-details/ |date=13 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Thielman|first1=Sam|title=Sundar Pichai: Google rising star reaches the top (like his teacher said he would)|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/15/google-ceo-sundar-pichai|website=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|accessdate=15 August 2015|date=15 August 2015|quote=Married with two children}}</ref> ==शिक्षा== [[इन्डियन इन्स्टिच्युट अफ टेक्नोलोजी]] [[खडगपुरमा]]बाट सन् १९९३ बिटेक गरि [[स्ट्यानफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट सन् १९९५मा एमएस (इन्जिनियरिङ् र सामग्री विज्ञानमा) उनको रुची एप्लाइड मटेरियल्स (सेमिकन्डक्टर सामग्रीको आपूर्तिकर्ता) र पछि सन् २००२ मा पेन्सिलभेनिया विश्वविद्यालयको व्हार्टन स्कूलबाट एमबिएको डिग्री प्राप्त गरेका थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{Twitter|sundarpichai|सुन्दर पिचाई}} *{{Google+|+SundarPichai}} [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७२ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] fg5tqjl1m7drr0bldumhdtlv9i72tmk 0 82950 1372823 1308747 2026-08-31T01:15:51Z Dostojewskij 18315 श्रेणी:सन् १९५५ मा जन्म 1372823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Kiron kher colors indian telly awards.jpg | name =किरण खेर | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|6|14|df=y}} | birth_name = किरण ठाकुर सिंह | othername= | birth_place = [[पन्जाब|पञ्जाब]], [[भारत]] | occupation = अभिनेत्री | religion = |title= सांसद |term= मे २०११४ - हाल सम्म |constituency =[[चण्डीगढ]] | spouse = [[अनुपम खेर]] (१९८५–हाल सम्म)<br />''गौतम बेरी'' (हाल सम्म) | children = [[सिकन्दर खेर]] (पहिलो पति गौतम बेरीबाट) }} '''किरण खेर'''(जन्म-{{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|6|14|df=y}} किरोन वा किरण पनि<ref name=r1>{{Wayback |df=yes|date=20081210084755 |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=17407 |title=Always there, from tiny steps to big leaps}} ''[[Indian Express]]'', 12 May 2002.</ref>) एक भारतीय [[अभिनेत्री]] र [[राजनेत्री]] हुन। वर्तमानमा उनी [[चण्डीगढ]] संसदीय क्षेत्रबाट [[सांसद]] छिन्। उनी [[अनुपम खेर]]की [[पत्नी]] हुन्।<ref name=r2>{{Wayback |df=yes|date=20081210062753 |url=http://www.desimatch.com/desi-planet/desi-archive/magazine25b.html |title=Once more, with feeling }}. desimatch.com</ref><ref name=r3>[http://www.apunkachoice.com/happenings/20000811-0.html Kiron Kher in the middle of controversy] ''apunkachoice.com. 12 August 2000 .</ref> सन् २०१४मा लोकसभा चुनावमा भाग लिदै किरण खेरले सक्रिय राजनीतिमा कदम राखिन्। बीजेपीको टिकटमा उनी चण्डीगढबाट चुनाव लडेर काङ्ग्रेस उम्मीदवार [[पवन बंसल]] र [[आम आदमी पार्टी]] (एएपी)को उम्मीदवार र [[बलिउड]] अभिनेत्री [[गुल पनाग]]लाई जितेर सफलता हासिल गरिन्। ==जीवनी== उनको जन्म १४ जुन १९५५मा [[पन्जाब|पञ्जाब]]मा एक सिख परिवारमा [[चण्डीगढ]]मा उनी हुर्केकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Sikandar-is-blessed-to-have-Anupam-as-his-stepfather-Kirron-Kher/articleshow/30949698.cms | title=Sikandar is blessed to have Anupam as his stepfather: Kiran Kher | publisher=The Times of India | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://alumni.puchd.ac.in/distinguished-alumni.php | title = Distinguished Alumni | publisher = Panjab University | accessdate = 2014-03-15 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004174538/http://alumni.puchd.ac.in/distinguished-alumni.php |date=2011-10-04 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|id=0451601|name=Kiron Kher}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पञ्जाबी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९५५ मा जन्म]] hjrkmv1d0pt1lfjb2rex0wi0qwrp8ot 3 90631 1372827 1372041 2026-08-31T01:54:35Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1372827 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Learnerktm/वार्ता १|पुराना सन्देशहरू १]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Learnerktm/वार्ता २|पुराना सन्देशहरू २]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Monkey selfie]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Macaca nigra self-portrait large.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''monkey selfies''' are a series of selfies taken by Celebes crested macaques using equipment belonging to the British nature photographer David Slater.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:MassMessage/Lists/Translation of the week|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३०, १६ जनवरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16174362 --> == उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख सम्बन्धमा छलफल == '''[[विकिपिडिया:उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख|उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख]]''' सम्बन्धमा छलफल भई रहेकोले '''[[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो विचार तथा राय राख्नु हुनको लागी अनुरोध गर्दछौं । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:११, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=599602 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mangal Shobhajatra]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Mangal Shobhajatra in Dhaka.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Mangal Shobhajatra''' is a mass procession that takes place at dawn on the first day of the Bengali New Year in Bangladesh, organised by the teachers and students of the Faculty of Fine Arts of Dhaka University. The festival is considered an expression of the secular identity of the Bangladeshi people and as a way to promote unity. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2016, categorised on the representative list as a heritage of humanity.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:MassMessage/Lists/Translation of the week|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:२४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16249755 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sundial cannon]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cannon Sundial by Victor Chevalier, Paris (about 1800).jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>A '''sundial cannon''' is a device consisting of a sundial incorporating a cannon with a fuse that is lit by an overhanging lens, concentrating the rays of the sun, and causing the cannon to fire at noon, when properly oriented along a north-south axis.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, २० फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16339651 --> == समीक्षा सहित मत राख्न अनुरोध == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्र, कृपया [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80#Tulsi_Bhagat यस] महत्वपूर्ण वार्तालापमा आफ्नो मत राख्न अनुरोध गर्दछु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १३:१९, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=601242 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rugelach]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:ChocolateRugelach.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Rugelach''' is a Jewish pastry of Ashkenazic origin. It is very popular in Israel, commonly found in most cafes and bakeries. It is also a popular treat among American and European Jews.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16347352 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Discourses on Salt and Iron]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:盐铁论]]) ([[:fr:Dispute sur le sel et le fer]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Discourses on Salt and Iron''' (Chinese: 鹽鐵論; pinyin: Yán Tiě Lùn) was a debate held at the imperial court in 81 BCE on state policy during the Han dynasty in China. The previous emperor, Emperor Wu, had reversed the laissez-faire policies of his predecessors and imposed a wide variety of state interventions, such as creating monopolies on China's salt and iron enterprises, price stabilization schemes, and taxes on capital. These actions sparked a fierce debate as to the policies of the Emperor. After his death, during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han, the regent Huo Guang called on all the scholars of the empire to come to the capital, Chang'an, to debate the government's economic policies.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:५९, ६ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16383211 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्र,</br> चौतारीमा गरिएको प्रस्तावमाथि [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A5.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A5.A8.E0.A5.A6.E0.A5.A7.E0.A5.AD यहाँ] छलफल भइरहेको हुँदा यसमा भाग लिनका लागि अनुरोध गर्न चाहन्छु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १६:१६, ६ मार्च २०१७ <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=602640 --> == प्रस्ताव == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्रहरू,</br> कृपया यस [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80 प्रस्ताव] माथि आफ्नो मत राख्नुहोला ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १५:४५, ११ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=602640 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lomami National Park]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cam trap 12 bonobos in the clearing.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Lomami National Park''' (in french: Parc National de la Lomami) is a national park located in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Central Africa. Situated within the middle basin of the Lomami River, it straddles the Provinces of Tshopo and Maniema with a slight overlap into the forests of the Tshuapa and Lualaba river basins. The National Park was formally declared on 7 July 2016. It is the 9th national park in the country and the first to be created since 1992.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५८, १३ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16400711 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:it:Liuteria tradizionale cremonese]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Varnishing a violin.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Cremona's traditional violin''' making is an ancient form of handicrafts typical of Cremona (Italy) where bowed string instruments like violins, violas, cellos and double basses have been made since 16^th century. The "''Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona''" was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2012.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, २० मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16400711 --> == योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद ! == लर्नरktm जी, विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७ मा सक्रिय सहभागिता जनाएर आफ्नो अमुल्य समय र मेहनतको लागि धन्यवाद दिदै आगामी दिनहरूमा पनि यहाँको सक्रिय सहभागिताको अपेक्षा गर्दछौं । विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७, आयोजक समूह :::@[[User:Punya|Punya]]जी हजुरलाई पनि धेरै धेरै धन्यवाद! :) <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> १४:०९, २२ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Peridium]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bird's nest fungi - context.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''peridium''' is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, २७ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16475840 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७ == नमस्ते विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू,</br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गत मार्च ८ देखि मार्च २२ मा सञ्चालन भएको [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७]] प्रतियोगितामा तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएको लेखहरूलाई [https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2017 यस उपकरण] मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोस् । यस उपकरणलाई मात्र ८ दिनको लागि खुल्ला गरिएको हुनाले आफ्नो लेख यथाशीघ्र पेश गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १६:३७, २८ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=606002 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Euphrates Tunnel]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Euphrates Tunnel''' was allegedly a 929 meter long tunnel built to connect the two halves of the city of Babylon; archaeologists believe it was built between 2180 and 2160 BCE. Construction began with a temporary dam across the Euphrates river, and proceeded using a "cut and cover" technique. The tunnel was supposedly lined with brick and waterproofed with asphalt. No other sub-aqueous pedestrian tunnel was attempted until Marc Brunel built the Thames Tunnel beginning in 1824 CE. A description of the tunnel as being built and used by Queen Semiramis is given by Diodorus (fl. 50 BCE) in the Bibliotheca Historica. Philostratus (d. 250 CE) also describes the tunnel's construction in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५२, १० अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16507790 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pinnacles National Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Inside Balconies Cave at Pinnacles National Monument 1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Pinnacles National Park''' is a U.S. National Park protecting a mountainous area located east of the Salinas Valley in Central California, about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Soledad and 80 miles (130 km) southeast of San Jose. The park's namesakes are the eroded leftovers of the western half of an extinct volcano that has moved 200 miles (320 km) from its original location on the San Andreas Fault, embedded in a portion of the California Pacific Coast Ranges. Pinnacles is managed by the National Park Service and the majority of the park is protected as wilderness.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:३०, १७ अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16507790 --> == [[विकिपीडिया:अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारहरूको लागि निवेदन#Pitambar_Bhattarai|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदन]] == Learnerktm ज्यु, मलाई [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8#Pitambar_Bhattarai यहाँ] गएर अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि समर्थन गरी दिनको लागि अनुरोध गर्द छु । '''धन्यवाद ! - [[User:Pitambar_Bhattarai|पिताम्बर भट्टराई]]^{[[User_talk:Pitambar_Bhattarai|(कुरा गर्ने)]]} १०:३०, २२ अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ettringite]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:de:Ettringit]]) ([[:fr:Ettringite]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ettringite.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Ettringite''' is a hydrous mineral with formula: Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O. It is a colorless to yellow mineral crystallizing in a trigonal crystal system.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३३, ८ मे २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16620945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Anna Russell (botanist)]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>Botanist who has been described as "perhaps the ablest and most outstanding woman field botanist of her time".</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४२, ५ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16741032 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dhaka topi]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:A Typical Nepali Dhaka Topi laid on a level surface.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Dhaka topi''' is a type of hat, popular among hilly Nepalis and Indian Gorkhas, along with their diasporas. The hat is made of a fabric called dhaka, which is also used for a type of blouse, a dhaka-ko-cholo which translates "blouse made of dhaka fabric".</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३९, १२ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16857061 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulled rickshaw]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:JapaneseRickshaw.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>A '''pulled rickshaw''' (or ricksha) is a mode of human-powered transport by which a runner draws a two-wheeled cart which seats one or two people.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, १९ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16891684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Battle of Callao]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:CombateDosdeMayo.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Battle of Callao''' was the final battle (1866) in the war between Spanish and Peruvian forces.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३१, ३ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16900050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cat fugue]]'''</span><br /><small>(''[[:it:Fuga del gatto]]'')</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carl Reichert - Katzenfuge.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Fugue in G minor''' (K. 30, L. 499) by Domenico Scarlatti is a one-movement harpsichord sonata popularly known as the Cat fugue or Cat's fugue (La Fuga del Gatto).</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, १० जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16900050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qasr el Yahud]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jordan Baptism site BW 6.JPG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Qasr el Yahud''' is the official name of a baptism site in the Jordan River Valley region of the West Bank in Israel.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१०, १७ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16979914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:St. Nicholas Fortress]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:St. Nicholas Fortress 0048.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''St. Nicholas Fortress''' (Croatian: Tvrđava Sv. Nikole) is a fortress located in the town of Šibenik, one of the oldest native Croatian towns on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in central Dalmatia, Croatia. It was included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site list as part of "Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar" in 2017</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५१, २४ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16979914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:eu:Korrika]] '''</span><br /><small>''([[:en:Korrika]]) ([[:es:Korrika]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korrika 2015, Bilbo, Euskal Herria.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Korrika''' (Basque for running) is an exhibition race held bi-annually in the Basque Country in order to fundraise the adult Basque-language teaching organization called AEK. It one of the largest demostrations for a language in the world and the longest relay race in the world with 2.557 kilometres in 2017, run day and night without interruption for 11 days. Besides of it fundraising aim, Korrika celebrates, supports and spreads the Basque language itself.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, ३१ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Viola Desmond]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Viola Desmond.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Viola Irene Desmond''' (July 6, 1914 – February 7, 1965) was a Canadian Black Nova Scotian businesswoman who challenged racial segregation at a film theatre in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, in 1946. She refused to leave a whites-only area of the Roseland Theatre and was convicted of a minor tax violation for the one-cent tax difference between her paid and used seat. Desmond's case is one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Canadian history and helped start the modern civil rights movement in Canada.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१०, ८ अगस्त २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Maria Ann Smith]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Granny Smith.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Maria Ann "Granny" Smith''' (1799 – 9 March 1870) was a British-Australian orchardist responsible for the cultivation of the Granny Smith apple.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३४, १४ अगस्त २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Invitation for felicitation program of Wiki Events Nepal during 2015 == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #F1EEED;" |rowspan="2" valign="top" |[[File:Wiki Events Nepal Logo.png|100px|Wiki Events Nepal ]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em;" | Invitation for felicitation program of Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal |- |style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 3px solid red;" | Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, we heartily apologize for the delay due to some situational circumstances. It’s our pleasure to invite you to [[:meta:Wikimedia Nepal/Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal|Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal]] winners awarding ceremony on 2nd September, 2017 at [https://www.google.com.np/maps/place/Masala+Cottage/@27.6889011,85.3333935,18.56z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x39eb19bddd2e90c5:0x105fb2d89672ca34!8m2!3d27.6891246!4d85.3330289?hl=en Masala Cottage], 2:00 pm onwards. We would like to ask few minutes of your time to [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfTTXlwOER-Se_jdRcch0jFUbmCsU2Eb-ZYHlf0v9hs3ojAkw/viewform provide your details here]. Your contribution as a contributor made the Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal possible. We’d like to have a privilege of having you there. '''Kind regards,'''<br/> '''The Wiki Events Nepal Team''' |} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=617265 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Green star (astronomy)]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:NGC 6826HSTFull.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>In astronomy, a '''green star''' is a white or blue star that appears green due to an optical illusion.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५९, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mining industry of Angola]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Catoca Diamond Mine-Angola 2001.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Mining in Angola''' is an activity with great economic potential since the country has one of the largest and most diversified mining resources of Africa. Angola is the third largest producer of diamonds in Africa and has only explored 40% of the diamond-rich territory within the country, but has had difficulty in attracting foreign investment because of corruption, human rights violations, and diamond smuggling. Production rose by 30% in 2006 and Endiama, the national diamond company of Angola, expects production to increase by 8% in 2007 to 10,000,000 carats (2,000 kg) annually. The government is trying to attract foreign companies to the provinces of Bié, Malanje and Uíge. Angola has also historically been a major producer of iron ore.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17196517 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pioneer Cabin Tree]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:CalaverasTreeTunnel1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Pioneer Cabin Tree''', also known as The Tunnel Tree, was a giant sequoia in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, California. It was considered one of the U.S.'s most famous trees, and drew thousands of visitors annually. It was estimated to have been more than 1,000 years old, and measured 33 feet (10 m) in diameter; its exact age and height were not known. The tree was topped before 1859. It fell and shattered during a storm on January 8, 2017</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३७, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17231886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Batesian mimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Batesplate ArM.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Batesian mimicry''' is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, after his work on butterflies in the rainforests of Brazil.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३६, २५ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17231886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:History of candle making]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:K&M Candles Brockholes UK, 1972 (RLH), Hand Operated Candle Machines 03.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Candle making''' was developed independently in many places throughout history. Candles were made by the Romans beginning about 500 BC. These were true dipped candles and made from tallow. Evidence for candles made from whale fat in China dates back to the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC). In India, wax from boiling cinnamon was used for temple candles. In parts of Europe, the Middle-East and Africa, where lamp oil made from olives was readily available, candle making remained unknown until the early middle-ages. Candles were primarily made from tallow and beeswax in ancient times, but have been made from spermaceti, purified animal fats (stearin) and paraffin wax in recent centuries. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, १६ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jagiellonian tapestries]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tapestry with the royal monogram of Žygimantas Augustas (King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania), circa 1555.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Jagiellonian tapestries''' are a collection of tapestries woven in the Netherlands and Flanders, which originally consisted of 365 pieces assembled by the Jagiellons to decorate the interiors of the royal residence Wawel Castle. It is also known as the Wawel arrasses, as the majority of the preserved fabrics is in the possession of the Wawel Castle Museum and the French city of Arras was a large center of manufacturing of this kind of wall decoration in the beginning of the 16th century. The collection become a state property of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland according to the will of Sigismund II Augustus. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, २३ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Sun Wiki.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]''' एक अनलाइन सम्पादन-थन प्रतियोगिता हो जसले एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूका विकिपिडिया समुदायहरू बिच समझदारी बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ सञ्चालन गर्न थालिएको हो । अघिल्लो वर्षहरूमा झै यस वर्ष पनि नोभेम्बर २०१७ महिना भरि यो प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुने हुँदा सम्पूर्ण सम्पादक मित्रहरूलाई यसमा सहभागिता जनाउन साथै कुनै सुझाव भए छलफलमा सहभागी भई दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । छलफलमा सहभागी हुन '''[[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|यस पृष्ठ]]'''मा जानुहोस् ।<br/><br/> कार्यक्रमा सहभागी हुन {{Clickable button 2|सहभागी हुने|url={{fullurl:विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७/सहभागीहरू}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} मा जानुहोस् । <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=599602 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७ == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ ! <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:WAM 2017 Banner-ne.svg|450px|center|link=]]</div>'''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''को शुरूवात भई सकेकोछ । यो प्रतियोगिता नोभेम्बर महिना भरि चल्ने छ । यस प्रतियोगिता सम्बन्धी केही तथ्यहरू यस प्रकार छ । # तपाईले तयार गर्नु भएको लेखहरू यस '''[https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/ उपकरण]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोस । यसको लागी उक्त उपकरणमा गई कृपया लग इन वटन थिच्नुहोस र OAuth ले बाँकी सबै कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले आफ्नो इन्टरफेसको भाषा माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन पनि गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात यस उपकरणले लेखमा आयोजकहरूबाट पुनरावलोकनको लागी एउटा ढाँचा थप गर्ने छ । तपाईले आफ्नो प्रगती यसै उपकरण मार्फत जाँच गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # तपाईले आफ्नो योगदानको आधारमा यस कार्यक्रमको अन्त्यमा रिवार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । यस सम्बन्धी नियमहरूको जानकारीको लागि समुदायको विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस् । सामान्यतया # * यदि तपाईको ४ लेखहरू स्विकृत भएको खण्डमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । # * यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । # * यदि नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । # यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले यस पृष्ठमा रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले हाम्रो '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]]''' पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]को [[वार्तालाप:विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|वार्ता]] पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/wam_list&oldid=623305 --> == Malah == Khai k karanle malah page metaunu vayo {{SUBST:SUSBT:Umesh Lal Das}} ००:०५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:SS Archimedes]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:SS Archimedes by Huggins cropped.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''SS Archimedes''' was a steamship built in Britain in 1839. She is notable for being the world's first steamship to be driven by a screw propeller. Archimedes had considerable influence on ship development, encouraging the adoption of screw propulsion by the Royal Navy, in addition to her influence on commercial vessels. She also had a direct influence on the design of another innovative vessel, Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain, then the world's largest ship and the first screw-propelled steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, ६ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:LGBT rights in Egypt]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Egypt (orthographic projection).svg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in Egypt face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. According to 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 95% of Egyptians believe that homosexuality should not be accepted by society. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, १३ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Viking raid on Seville]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Viking raid on Seville''', then part of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba, took place in 844. After raiding the coasts of what are now Spain and Portugal, a Viking fleet arrived in Seville through the Guadalquivir on 25 September, and took the city on 1 or 3 October. The Vikings pillaged the city and the surrounding areas. Emir Abd ar-Rahman II of Córdoba mobilised and sent a large force against the Vikings under the command of the hajib (chief-minister) Isa ibn Shuhayd. After a series of indecisive engagements, the Muslim army defeated the Vikings on either 11 or 17 November. Seville was retaken, and the remnants of the Vikings fled Spain. After the raid, the Muslims raised new troops and built more ships and other military equipment to protect the coast. The quick military response in 844 and the subsequent defensive improvements discouraged further attacks by the Vikings. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२८, २० नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल == [[File:Wiki Workshop-Nepal.svg|center|400px]] नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> समुदायको विकासको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल]] प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । तपाईलाई यस [[वार्तालाप:विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|छलफल]]मा भाग लिन अनुरोध गरिन्छ ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] १४:५३, २१ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=624788 --> == [[विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि निवेदन#Pitambar_Bhattarai|प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि निवेदन]] == Learnerktm, मलाई [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8#Pitambar_Bhattarai यहाँ] गएर प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि समर्थन गरी दिनुहुनको लागि अनुरोध गर्दछु । '''धन्यवाद ! {{Smiley}}''' - [[User:Pitambar Bhattarai|Pitambar Bhattarai]] ([[User talk:Pitambar Bhattarai|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २२ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == डेटाथन २०१७ == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Datathon Logo-Nepali.png|150px|center|link=]]</div> '''[[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१७|डेटाथन २०१७]]''' विकिपिडियाको भातृयोजना विकिडेटालाई लक्षित गरी सञ्चालन गर्न लागिएको एक अनलाइन प्रतियोगिता हो । यस प्रतियोगिताको प्रथम संस्करण सन् २०१५ मा आयोजना गरिएको थियो । यस वर्षको डेटाथन प्रतियोगिताको मुख्य उद्देश्य नेपालको संविधानसभा निर्वाचन २०७० मा विजयी सभासदहरूको विवरणलाई विकिडेटामा सङ्ग्रह गर्नु रहेको छ । यो एक दिने अनलाइन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिता जनाउन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । कार्यक्रमा सहभागी हुन [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeMGtunTps0FSqCI68UfwP6eab9q3eSTttvYOiNhEnBnVRv7g/viewform आवेदन फारम] पेश गर्नुहोस् ।- '''प्रतियोगिता आयोजक समूह''' <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=625735 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Warburg hypothesis]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Warburg hypothesis''', sometimes known as the '''Warburg theory of cancer''', postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by damaged mitochondria. The term Warburg effect describes the observation that cancer cells, and many cells grown in-vitro, exhibit glucose fermentation even when enough oxygen is present to properly respire. In other words, instead of fully respiring in the presence of adequate oxygen, cancer cells ferment. The Warburg hypothesis was that the Warburg effect was the root cause of cancer. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४५, ४ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sardine run]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sardines - 鰯(いわし).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''sardine run''' of southern Africa occurs from May through July when billions of sardines – or more specifically the Southern African pilchard Sardinops sagax – spawn in the cool waters of the Agulhas Bank and move northward along the east coast of South Africa. Their sheer numbers create a feeding frenzy along the coastline. The run, containing millions of individual sardines, occurs when a current of cold water heads north from the Agulhas Bank up to Mozambique where it then leaves the coastline and goes further east into the Indian Ocean. In terms of biomass, researchers estimate the sardine run could rival East Africa's great wildebeest migration. However, little is known of the phenomenon. It is believed that the water temperature has to drop below 21 °C in order for the migration to take place. In 2003, the sardines failed to 'run' for the third time in 23 years. While 2005 saw a good run, 2006 marked another non-run. The shoals are often more than 7 km long, 1.5 km wide and 30 metres deep and are clearly visible from spotter planes or from the surface. Sardines group together when they are threatened. This instinctual behaviour is a defence mechanism, as lone individuals are more likely to be eaten than large groups. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, ११ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rooh Afza]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Afza Syrup (Lal sharbat).JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rooh Afza '''is a non-alcoholic concentrated squash. It was formulated in 1906 in Ghaziabad, British India and is still manufactured and popular in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. The recipe of Rooh Afza combines several ingredients popularly believed to be cooling agents, such as rose, which is used as a remedy for loo (the hot summer winds of Northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). The drink is commonly associated with the month of Ramadan, in which it is usually consumed during iftar. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, १८ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17540360 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[en:Fourth dimension in art]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jouffret.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> New possibilities opened up by the concept of four-dimensional space (and difficulties involved in trying to visualize it) helped inspire many modern artists in the first half of the twentieth century. Early Cubists, Surrealists, Futurists, and abstract artists took ideas from higher-dimensional mathematics and used them to radically advance their work. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, २५ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17566759 --> == WAM Address Collection == Congratulations! You have more than 4 accepted articles in Wikipedia Asian Month! Please submit your postal mailing address via '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdvj_9tlmfum9MkRx3ty1sJPZGXHBtTghJXXXiOVs-O_oaUbw/viewform?usp=sf_link Google form]''' or email me about that on erick@asianmonth.wiki before the end of Janauary, 2018. The Wikimedia Asian Month team only has access to this form, and we will only share your address with local affiliates to send postcards. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. Please contact your local organizers if you have any question. We apologize for the delay in sending this form to you, this year we will make sure that you will receive your postcard from WAM. If you've not received a postcard from last year's WAM, Please let us know. All ambassadors will receive an electronic certificate from the team. Be sure to fill out your email if you are enlisted [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month/2017_Ambassadors|Ambassadors list]]. Best, [[:m:User:fantasticfears|Erick Guan]] ([[m:User talk:fantasticfears|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Fantasticfears@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == WAM Address Collection - 1st reminder == Hi there. This is a reminder to fill the address collection. Sorry for the inconvenience if you did submit the form before. If you still wish to receive the postcard from Wikipedia Asian Month, please submit your postal mailing address via '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdvj_9tlmfum9MkRx3ty1sJPZGXHBtTghJXXXiOVs-O_oaUbw/viewform this Google form]'''. This form is only accessed by WAM international team. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. If you have problems in accessing the google form, you can use [[:m:Special:EmailUser/Saileshpat|Email This User]] to send your address to my Email. If you do not wish to share your personal information and do not want to receive the postcard, please let us know at [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2017|WAM talk page]] so I will not keep sending reminders to you. Best, [[:m:User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == Confusion in the previous message- WAM == Hello again, I believe the earlier message has created some confusion. If you have already submitted the details in the Google form, '''it has been accepted''', you don't need to submit it again. The earlier reminder is for those who haven't yet submitted their Google form or if they any alternate way to provide their address. I apologize for creating the confusion. Thanks-[[:m:User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-2 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ambasse bey]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:TamTam.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A style of folk music and dance from Cameroon. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, ८ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17613521 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-3 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruellia tuberosa]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ruellia tuberosa 03532.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Ruellia tuberosa''''', is a species of flowering plant in the Acanthaceae family. Its native range is in Central America but presently it has become naturalized in many countries of tropical South and Southeast Asia. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५६, १५ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17639911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-4 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blue laser]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blacklaser2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''blue laser''' is a laser that emits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 360 and 480 nanometres, which the human eye sees as blue or violet. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:36, 22 January 2018 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17659204 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-5 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rock relief]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:20101229 Naqsh e Rostam Shiraz Iran more Panoramic.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''rock relief''' or '''rock-cut relief''' is a relief sculpture carved on solid or "living rock" such as a cliff, rather than a detached piece of stone. They are a category of rock art, and sometimes found as part of, or in conjunction with, rock-cut architecture </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४४, २९ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17678943 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-6 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rice paddy art]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sengoku busho of rice field art.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rice paddy art''' (田んぼアート ''tambo āto'') is an art form originating in Japan where people plant rice of various types and colors to create a giant pictures in a paddy field </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३९, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == प्राविधिक परिवर्तनहरू सम्वन्धित वार्ता == '''नमस्ते सम्पादकज्यू !'''<br /> प्राविधिक परिवर्तनहरू सम्वन्धित वार्तामा आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(प्राविधिक)#Technical_changes_needed|यहाँ हेर्नुहोस्]] । धन्यवाद ! — [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font></font>]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">वार्तालाप</font></font>]])</small> ०९:१२, ९ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=632305 --> == विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१८ == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Datathon_Logo-Nepali.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> <p style="font-size: 1.15em;">नेपाली विकिपिडियामा फाल्गुन १, २०७४ देखि फाल्गुन ३०, २०७४ सम्म [[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन]] प्रतियोगिता १ महिनाभरिको लागि सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ । यहाँको अमूल्य योगदानको लागि हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौँ र सहभागीताको लागि '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScYCCQlRB4IXG97JG1gO9QJREy2IIxZYcCqnNbJL7AJ8yKqdw/viewform यस फारममा]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ । आवेदन दर्ता बन्द मिति ७ फागुन, २०७४ मा हुने छ । यस कारण छिटै दर्ता गर्नुहोस् । धन्यवाद !</p><p> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div></p> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.png|125px|right]]</div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १०:०३, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) प्रयोग गरी पठाइयो । — [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font></font>]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">वार्तालाप</font></font>]])</small>, '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Nepal|विकिमिडिया नेपाल]]''' <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=632563 --> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मातृभाषा दिवस सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता == [[File:Mother Language Day Edit-a-thon Logo.svg|thumb|right|मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन लोगो]] नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथीहरू,<br> [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मातृभाषा दिवस]]को उपलक्ष्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियामा ३ दिने (२१ फेब्रुअरी देखि २३ फेब्रुअरी सम्मका लागि) सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि मैले समुदाय समक्ष [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE चौतारी]मा एउटा प्रस्ताव प्रस्तुत गरेको छु । यस प्रतियोगिता अवधिमा विश्वका भाषा, भाषा परिवारसँग सम्बन्धित लेख निर्माण गरिनेछ । कृपया यस प्रस्तावमाथि आ-आफ्नो मत राख्नुहोला । धन्यवाद --[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab_Anand|वार्ता]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता == [[File:Mother Language Day Edit-a-thon Logo.svg|thumb|right]] नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथी,<br> कृपया नेपाली विकिपिडियामा हुन गइरहेको [[विकिपिडिया:मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन]] प्रतियोगितामा आफ्नो [[विकिपिडिया:मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागिता]] जनाउनुहोस् । धन्यवाद --आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab_Anand|वार्ता]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-9 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Owens Valley]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Owens River from tableland-750px.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Owens Valley''' is the arid valley of the Owens River in eastern California in the United States, to the east of the Sierra Nevada and west of the White Mountains and Inyo Mountains on the west edge of the Great Basin section. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५९, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adi Roche]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Adi Roche''' (born 1955, Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland) is a campaigner for peace, humanitarian aid and education, who has focused on the relief of suffering experienced by children in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. She is the voluntary chief executive of Irish-based charity Chernobyl Children International. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५७, ५ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८ == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne .svg|110px|right]] <p style="font-size: 1.15em;"> नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथी, अन्तराष्ट्रिय नारी दिवसको अवसर पारी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा मार्च ८, २०१८ देखि अप्रिल ८, २०१८ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८]] प्रतियोगिता संचालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आवेदन फारम]]''' भर्न हुन हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौ ।<p> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=634073 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pilanesberg Game Reserve]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pilansberg 151.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Pilanesberg Game Reserve''' is located north of Rustenburg in North West Province in South Africa. The park borders with the entertainment complex Sun City. The park is currently administered by the North West Parks and Tourism Board. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०७, १२ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17818259 --> == विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८| समितिको लागि आवेदन आह्वान == {|style="margin: auto; align:center; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px; border-color:#0000ff; color: #000000; background-color:#fce4f5;" cellpadding="10" |<center>[[File:Wikicamp Nepal 2018 logo v1.0.svg|110px|right|विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८]]</center> '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८]]''' सफलतापूर्वक आयोजना गर्नका लागि महत्वपूर्ण समितिहरू बनाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छौं । समितिमा रही योगदान दिन चाहने इक्षुक सदस्यले यो [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|पृष्ठ]]मा गई समितिको सदस्यताको लागि चाहिने अनुभव र कार्य हेर्न सक्नेछन् । कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScicGfw2g-RGgyFGphHhRaNGja6g-hd-LMzU-fswtSR-CRycg/viewform?usp=sf_link लिङ्क] खोली सदस्यताको लागि आवेदन दिनुहोस् । आवदेन फर्म भर्ने अन्तिम दिन २०१८ मार्च ३१ रहेको छ । थप जानकारीको लागि यो [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|पृष्ठ]] हेर्न अनुरोध गर्दछौं ।-- आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] |} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tape head cleaner]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> A '''tape head cleaner''' is a substance used for cleaning the record/playback heads of a magnetic tape drive (such as in a video tape machine, or audio tape machine). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, १९ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17840335 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luminous red nova]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:V838 Mon HST.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''luminous red nova''' is a stellar explosion thought to be caused by the merging of two stars. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५२, २६ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17863191 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:History of hearing aids]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Madame de Meuron.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The first hearing aid was created in the 17th century. The movement toward modern hearing aids began with the creation of the telephone, and the first electric hearing aid was created in 1898. By the late 20th century, the digital hearing aid was distributed to the public commercially. Some of the first hearing aids were external hearing aids. External hearing aids directed sounds in front of the ear and blocked all other noises. The apparatus would fit behind or in the ear. The invention of the carbon microphone, transmitters, digital signal processing chip or DSP, and the development of computer technology helped transform the hearing aid to its present form. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, २ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17887888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aerial view of McClean telescope building.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope''', is the oldest continuously existing scientific institution in South Africa. Founded by the British Cape Colony in 1820, it now forms the headquarters building of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The institution was located on a small hill 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south-east from the centre of Cape Town. Over the following century a suburb of the city grew up in the area; the suburb was named Observatory after the pre-existing Royal Observatory. It has also been the subject of an ICOMOS/IAU Case Study for World Heritage Site. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१९, १६ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17887888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Signalling theory]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> Within evolutionary biology, '''signalling theory''' is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species. The central question is when organisms with conflicting interests, such as in sexual selection, should be expected to provide honest signals (no presumption being made of conscious intention) rather than cheating. Mathematical models describe how signalling can contribute to an evolutionarily stable strategy. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१९, २३ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17960035 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Automimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chaetodon capistratus2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In zoology, '''automimicry''' is a form of mimicry in which the same species of animal is imitated. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०३, ७ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17991441 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Usine Areva Malvési]] '''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Malvesi]]) ([[:es:Malvési]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Entrée usine areva malvesi.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Malvesi uranium processing plant''', a uranium refinery and conversion facility, is located in the Malvezy industrial area near the city of [[Narbonne]] in the south of France. The plant has a average capacity of about 14,000 tU as [[uranium tetrafluoride]] per year, and project to increase its capacity up to 21,000 tU per year. Comurhex, a subsidiary of the French nuclear concern [[Orano]] (former Areva), operate the Malvesi Facility. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४१, १४ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18041784 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Makapansgat]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Potgietersrus, South Africa - panoramio (15).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Makapansgat''' (/mɐkɐˈpɐnsxɐt/) (or Makapan Valley world heritage site) is an archaeological location within the Makapansgat and Zwartkrans Valleys, northeast of Mokopane in Limpopo province, South Africa. It is an important palaeontological site, with the local limeworks containing Australopithecus-bearing deposits dating to between 3.0 and 2.6 million years BP. The whole Makapan Valley has been declared a South African Heritage Site. Makapansgat belongs to the Cradle of Humankind </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, २१ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18061147 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ouzo effect]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Preparing absinthe.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''ouzo effect''' (also louche effect and spontaneous emulsification) is a milky (louche) oil-in-water emulsion that is formed when water is added to ouzo and other anise-flavored liqueurs and spirits, such as pastis, rakı, arak, sambuca and absinthe. Such microemulsions occur with only minimal mixing and are highly stable. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, ४ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18064562 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ubsunur Hollow Biosphere Reserve]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Озеро Дус-Холь вечером. Тес-Хемский кожуун.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ubsunur Hollow Biosphere Preserve''' is a fragile mountain hollow or depression located on the territorial border of Mongolia and the Republic of Tuva in the Russian Federation among the mountains — Tannu-Ola Mountains, and the Altay Mountains region — part of a combination of raised lands and depressions. Here the world's most northern desert meets the world's most southern tundra zone. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०८, ११ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18114911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's March (South Africa)]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Women's March''' was a march that took place on 9 August 1956 in Pretoria, South Africa. The marchers' aims were to protest the introduction of the Apartheid pass laws for black women in 1952 and the presentation of a petition to the then Prime Minister J.G. Strijdom. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:००, २५ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ant mimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Macroxiphus sp cricket.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ant mimicry''' or '''myrmecomorphy''' is mimicry of ants by other organisms. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३२, २ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == छलफलमा सहभागी हुन अनुरोध! == नमस्ते,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा निम्नलिखित विषयहरूमा भइरहेको छलफलमा कृपया आफ्नो मत राखिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।<br> # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|लेख र लिगेसी सम्बन्धी छलफल]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)| प्रमुख लेख सम्बन्धमा]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|सम्भावित अनुलिपि पृष्ठहरू (२)]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|क्याट-अ-लट टुल (ग्याजेट स्क्रिप्ट) असक्षम बनाउने सम्बन्धमा]]<br> धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०४:०५, ३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=651491 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Missed call]] '''</span><br /> <small>''([[:es:Llamada perdida]]) ([[:fr:Appel manqué]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Icons8 flat missed call.svg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''missed call''' is a telephone call that is deliberately terminated by the caller before being answered by its intended recipient, in order to communicate a pre-agreed message. It is a form of one-bit messaging.<br>Missed calls are common in emerging markets where mobile phones with limited outgoing calls are widely-used; as the call is not actually completed and connected, it does not carry a cost to the caller, hence they can conserve their remaining prepaid credit. Specific patterns of consecutive missed calls have been developed in some countries to denote specific messages. Missed calls are also referred to in some parts of Africa as beeping, memancing (fishing) in Indonesia, flashing in Nigeria, a flashcall in Pakistan, and a miskol in the Philippines. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, ९ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jane Horney]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jane Horney 1940.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''"Jane" Ebba Charlotta Horney''' (married Granberg), (8 July 1918 – 20 January 1945) was a Swedish woman, believed to have spied in Denmark for the benefit of Nazi Germany, and to have been killed by the Danish resistance movement on a fishing boat at Øresund, but it has never been confirmed for which nation she actually worked. The Gestapo in Denmark believed that she was an agent for the British or Soviet Union, and after World War II it was denied that she had been a Gestapo agent. Abwehr officers likewise denied, when inquired by Säpo (Swedish intelligence), that she had been their agent. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:००, १६ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18202709 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Evelyn Mase]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Mandela e Evelyn 1944.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Evelyn Mase''' (18 May 1922 – 30 April 2004) was a South African nurse, who was the first wife of the anti-apartheid activist and future politician Nelson Mandela, to whom she was married from 1944 to 1958. She was the mother of four of his children, including Makgatho Mandela and Makaziwe Mandela. She met Mandela through her cousin Walter Sisulu and his wife Albertina, subsequently marrying him at the Native Commissioner's Court. Living together as a family in Soweto, they raised four children. However, their relationship came under strain as Mandela became increasingly involved in the African National Congress. Eschewing politics, she became a Jehovah's Witness. Accusing him of adultery, they divorced in 1958, and he went on to marry Winnie Mandela that year. Taking the children, she moved to Cofimvaba and opened a grocery store, but appeared in the South African press when Mandela was released. In 1998 she married a Sowetan businessman Simon Rakeepile. Her funeral attracted international attention, being attended by Mandela, Winnie, and Mandela's third wife, Graça Machel. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२७, २३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18202709 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sex strike]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:FEMEN Calls for Sex-Boycott.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''sex strike''', sometimes called a sex boycott, is a strike, a method of non-violent resistance in which one or multiple persons refrain from sex with their partner(s) to achieve certain goals. It is a form of temporary sexual abstinence. Sex strikes have been used to protest many issues, from war to gang violence. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०४, ३० जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18242764 --> == उल्था गर्नुपर्ने लेखहरू बारे == '''नमस्कार मित्र !''' <br /> उल्था गर्नुपर्ने लेखहरू बारे चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#उल्था_गर्नुपर्ने_लेखहरू_बारे|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद ! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३६, ३ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == साइडबारमा गृह पृष्ठ रहेको सम्बन्धि == '''नमस्ते मित्र !''' <br /> साइडबारमा गृह पृष्ठ रहेको सम्बन्धित चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#साइडबारमा_गृह_पृष्ठ_रहेको_सम्बन्धित|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्द छु । '''धन्यवाद !''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:२७, ४ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vinkensport]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vinkensport, Deinze 03.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Vinkensport''' (Dutch for "finch sport") is a competitive animal sport in which male common chaffinches are made to compete for the highest number of bird calls in an hour. Also called vinkenzetting ("finch sitting"), it is primarily active in the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in Belgium. Vinkensport traces its origins to competitions held by Flemish merchants in 1596, and is considered part of traditional Flemish culture. As of 2007, it was estimated that there are over 13,000 enthusiasts, called vinkeniers ("finchers"), breeding 10,000 birds every year. Animal rights activists have opposed the sport for much of its history. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, ६ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18254076 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Fileteado]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Fileteado]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Fileteado puro.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> Filleting is an artistic style of painting and drawing typically porteño, characterized by lines that become spiraling, strong colors, the recurrent use of symmetry, three-dimensional effects through shadows and perspectives, and an overloaded use of the surface. Its decorative repertoire includes mainly stylizations of leaves, animals, cornucopia, flowers, flags, and precious stones. In December 2015, it was declared intangible cultural heritage of humanity by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, १३ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18254076 --> == खुला-स्रोत टिकट अनुरोध प्रणाली == '''नमस्ते !'''<br /> [[:m:OTRS|खुला-स्रोत टिकट अनुरोध प्रणाली]] विषय सम्बन्धमा चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#खुला-स्रोत_टिकट_अनुरोध_प्रणाली|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्दछु । '''धन्यवाद !''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २३:४४, १७ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Albanian iso-polyphony]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:A traditional male folk group from Skrapar.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Albanian iso-polyphony''' is a traditional part of Albanian folk music and, as such, is included in UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage list </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५०, २० अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18299062 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ice algae]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thurber algae.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ice algae''' are any of the various types of algal communities found in annual and multi-year sea or terrestrial ice. On sea ice in polar regions of the oceans, ice algae communities play an important role in primary production. The timing of blooms of the algae is especially important for supporting higher trophic levels at times of the year when light is low and ice cover still exists. Sea ice algal communities are mostly concentrated in the bottom layer of the ice, but can also occur in brine channels within the ice, in melt ponds, and on the surface. Because terrestrial ice algae occur in freshwater systems, the species composition differs greatly from that of sea ice algae. These communities are significant in that they often change the color of glaciers and ice sheets, impacting the reflectivity of the ice itself. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४०, २७ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18299062 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bati, Ethiopia]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bati.ogv|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bati''' is a town in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Oromia Zone of the Amhara Region (or killoch), east of Dessie this town has a latitude and longitude of 11°11′N 40°1′E with an elevation of 1502 metres above sea level. It is the largest town in Bati woreda. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18333542 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mimicry in plants]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ophrys apifera flower1.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Mimicry in plants''' is where a plant organism evolves to resemble another organism physically or chemically. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४५, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18365069 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zhang Shichuan]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Zhang Shichuan.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Zhang Shichuan''' was a Chinese entrepreneur, film director, and film producer, who is considered a founding father of Chinese cinema. He and Zheng Zhengqiu made the first Chinese feature film, The Difficult Couple, in 1913, and cofounded the Mingxing (Star) Film Company in 1922, which became the largest film production company in China under Zhang's leadership. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18372060 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ को आयोजकको लागि प्रस्ताव == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|center|link=]]</div>एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूका विकिपिडिया समुदायहरू बिच समझदारी बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ नोभेम्बरमा आयोजना हुने अनलाईन सम्पादन-थन '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना''' को २०१८ को संस्करण कार्यक्रमको लागि आयोजकको लागि प्रस्ताव खुला गरिएकोले इच्छुक सम्पादकहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८#आयोजकहरू|यहाँ]]''' गई नाम सूचिकृत गराउनु हुन अनुरोध गरिन्छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:१९, ५ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=676414 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Maria Kristina Kiellström]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The steps on Skeppsbro etching by Elias Martin detail.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Maria Kristina Kiellström''' (15 June 1744 – 20 January 1798), known as Maja Stina, was a Swedish silk worker and alleged prostitute. She inspired the songwriter and performer Carl Michael Bellman to create a major character in his Fredman's Epistles (songs), the demimonde prostitute or Rococo "nymph" Ulla Winblad. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२९, ८ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18426497 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:1746 Gustav.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment''' was a twin study ordered by the king to study the health effects of coffee. Although the authenticity of the event has been questioned, the experiment, which was conducted in the second half of the 18th century, failed to prove that coffee was a dangerous beverage. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०१, १५ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18464885 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Invasion of Åland]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Swedes, Germans, Russians in Åland 1918.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Invasion of Åland''' was a 1918 military campaign of World War I in the Åland Islands, Finland. The islands occupied by the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia) were first invaded by Kingdom of Sweden in late February and then by the German Empire in early March. The conflict was also related to the Finnish Civil War including minor fighting between the Finnish Whites and the Finnish Reds. As Germany took control over Åland in March 1918, Russian troops were captured and the Swedish troops left the islands by the end of the Finnish Civil War in May. The Germans stayed in Åland until September 1918. The Åland Islands dispute was then turned over to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and the League of Nations in 1920. The Åland convention was finally signed in 1921 re-establishing the demilitarised status of Åland as an autonomous part of Finland. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४६, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18486821 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liu Yang (astronaut)]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:刘洋 (航天员)]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:LIU_Yang_CUHK_2012.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Liu Yang''' (born October 6, 1978) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut who served as a crew member on the space mission Shenzhou 9. On June 16, 2012, Liu became the first Chinese woman in space. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:३२, २९ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18525740 --> == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१६/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Para-equestrian]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Para-equestrian''' is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२२, ५ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18528866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum''' is thought to be the first museum by some historians, although this is speculative. It dates to circa 530 BCE. The curator was Princess Ennigaldi, the daughter of Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. It was located in the state of Ur, located in the modern-day Dhi Qar Governorate of Iraq, roughly 150 metres (490 ft) southeast of the famous Ziggurat of Ur. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18528866 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Moravec's paradox]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Moravec's paradox''' is the discovery by artificial intelligence and robotics researchers that, contrary to traditional assumptions, high-level reasoning requires very little computation, but low-level sensorimotor skills require enormous computational resources. The principle was articulated by Hans Moravec, Rodney Brooks, Marvin Minsky and others in the 1980s. As Moravec writes, "it is comparatively easy to make computers exhibit adult level performance on intelligence tests or playing checkers, and difficult or impossible to give them the skills of a one-year-old when it comes to perception and mobility". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१८, १९ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Home Children]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Barnardo boy ploughing C 1900.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Home Children''' was the child migration scheme founded by Annie MacPherson in 1869, under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. Australia apologised for its involvement in the scheme; in February 2010 UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. On 16 November 2009, Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated that Canada would not apologise to child migrants. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, २६ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hiroshima Maidens]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The patient's skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a kimono - NARA - 519686.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Hiroshima Maidens''' are a group of 25 Japanese women who were school age girls when they were seriously disfigured as a result of the thermal flash of the fission bomb dropped on Hiroshima on the morning of August 6, 1945. They subsequently went on a highly publicized journey to get reconstructive surgery in the US in 1955. Keloid scars from their burns marred their faces and many of their hand burns healed into bent claw-like positions. These women, as well as the other citizens affected by the A-bomb, were referred to as hibakusha, meaning "explosion-affected people". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०६, ३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dazzle camouflage]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:USS West Mahomet (ID-3681) cropped.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Dazzle camouflage''' was a family of ship camouflage used extensively in World War I, and to a lesser extent in World War II and afterwards. Credited to the British marine artist Norman Wilkinson, though with a rejected prior claim by the zoologist John Graham Kerr, it consisted of complex patterns of geometric shapes in contrasting colours, interrupting and intersecting each other. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०६, १० डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guangfu, Hebei]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:行摄梓地 hiroko.cn MRG 6208.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Guangfu''' is a town in Yongnian District, Handan, Hebei, China. It comprises the Guangfu Ancient City, a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction that preserves the appearance of a Ming-era Chinese town through its architecture, large city walls, and expansive moat. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३८, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18707373 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roman Thermae (Varna)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:VarnaRoman.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Roman Thermae''' (Bulgarian: Римски терми, Rimski termi) are a complex of Ancient Roman baths (thermae) in the Black Sea port city of Varna in northeastern Bulgaria. The Roman Thermae are situated in the southeastern part of the modern city, which under the Roman Empire was known as Odessus. The baths were constructed in the late 2nd century AD and rank as the fourth-largest preserved Roman thermae in Europe and the largest in the Balkans. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३८, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18729212 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजरनवाला|गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजरानवाला|विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geo Bogza]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Geo Bogza.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Geo Bogza''' was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, one of the most influential Romanian Surrealists. Also known for his left-wing and communist political convictions. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४०, ७ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18750355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Aluminum Christmas tree]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aluminum Christmas tree2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> the '''Aluminum Christmas tree''' was a type of artificial Christmas tree that was popular in the United States from 1958 until about the mid-1960s.In the highly acclaimed and successful 1965 television special, A Charlie Brown Christmas, the tree was specifically targeted as symbol of the commercialization of Christmas and was subsequently discreted.By the mid-2000s aluminum trees found a secondary market online, often selling for high premiums. The trees have also appeared in museum collections. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18765658 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Yuxiang]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Qiezi.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Yuxiang''' (simplified Chinese: 鱼香; traditional Chinese: 魚香; pinyin: yúxiāng; literally: "fish fragrance") is a seasoning mixture in Chinese cuisine, and also refers to the resulting sauce in which meat or vegetables are cooked. It is said to have originated in Sichuan cuisine, but has since spread to other regional Chinese cuisines </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३५, २१ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18798408 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:बोट सूचनापाटी/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reindeer in Siberian shamanism]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Шаман 17 в.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Reindeer in Siberian shamanism''' reflect the cultural, as well as the economic, relationship between the native peoples of Siberia, a region of Northern Asia, and the reindeer that live there. It involves the nomadic reindeer herders, those that hunt wild reindeer and those who maintain domesticated ones. Their religious beliefs reflect the spiritual philosophy of shamanism, and their traditions often involve reindeer in several steps of the process of practicing their religion. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:५५, २८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18820536 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fairbank train robbery]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Fairbank Railroad Depot Arizona Circa 1900.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Fairbank train robbery''' occurred on the night of February 15, 1900, when some bandits attempted to hold up a Wells Fargo express car at the town of Fairbank, Arizona. Although it was thwarted by Jeff Milton, who managed to kill "Three Fingered Jack" Dunlop in an exchange of gunfire, the train robbery was unique for being one of the few to have occurred in a public place and was also one of the last during the Old West period. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:२६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18842598 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tierra del Fuego gold rush]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Moneda Popper 5 Gramos.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting a large number of Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago, including a large number of Dalmatians. The gold rush led to the formation of the first towns in the archipelago and fueled economic growth in Punta Arenas. After the gold rush was over, most gold diggers left the archipelago, while the remaining settlers engaged in sheep farming and fishing. Indigenous Selk'nam populations declined sharply during the rush. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०९, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18883854 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Omowunmi Sadik]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Omowunmi Sadik Speaker at Innovation Day 2010backlit.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Omowunmi "Wunmi" A. Sadik''' (born 19 June 1964) is a Nigerian professor, chemist, and inventor working at Binghamton University. She has developed microelectrode biosensors for detection of drugs and explosives and is working on the development of technologies for recycling metal ions from waste, for use in environmental and industrial applications. In 2012, Sadik co-founded the non-profit Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३७, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18886779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rosaly Lopes]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rosaly Lopes2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rosaly M. C. Lopes''' (born 8 January 1957 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a planetary geologist, volcanologist, an author of numerous scientific papers and several books, as well as a proponent of education. Her major research interests are in planetary and terrestrial surface processes with an emphasis on volcanology. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, ४ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18901813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorna Doone]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorna Doone - cover - Project Gutenberg eText 17460.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor''''' is a novel by English author Richard Doddridge Blackmore, published in 1869. It is a romance based on a group of historical characters and set in the late 17th century in Devon and Somerset, particularly around the East Lyn Valley area of Exmoor. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०२, ११ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18901813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Matariki]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:M45 filip.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In the Māori language '''Matariki''' is both the name of the Pleiades star cluster and also of the season of its first rising in late May or early June. This is a marker of the beginning of the new year. Different peoples celebrate Matariki at different times; some when Matariki rises in late May or early June while others observe it at the first full moon or first new moon following the rising of Matariki. Matariki is a shortened version of Ngā mata o te ariki o Tāwhirimātea, or "the eyes of the god Tāwhirimātea", but it is sometimes incorrectly translated as "little eyes". Similar words do occur in most Polynesian languages, deriving from Proto-Polynesian *mataliki, meaning minute, small; the use of the term for the Pleiades constellation is also ancient and has been reconstructed to Eastern Oceanic </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०४, १८ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18938010 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:zh:中国民航296号航班劫机事件]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:ko:중국 민항기 불시착 사건]], [[:en:CAAC Flight 296]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''CAAC Flight 296''', a Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E (B-296), was hijacked while en route from Shenyang Dongta Airport to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and landed at the US Army base Camp Page in South Korea. The incident marked the first direct negotiations between South Korea and China, which did not have formal relations at the time. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१८, २५ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18957515 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kitniyot]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Kitniyot''' (Hebrew: קִטְנִיּוֹת‎, qitniyyot) is a Hebrew word meaning legumes. During the Passover holiday, however, the word kitniyot takes on a broader meaning to include grains and seeds such as rice, corn, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, soybeans, peas, and lentils, in addition to legumes. According to Orthodox Ashkenazi and some Sephardic customs, Kitniyot may not be eaten during Passover. Although Reform and Conservative Ashkenazi Judaism currently allow for the consumption of Kitniyot during Passover, long-standing tradition in these and other communities is to abstain from their consumption. According to Torat Eretz Yisrael and Minhagei Eretz Yisrael, any Jew worldwide, regardless of origin, and despite the practice of their forefathers, may eat kitniyot on Passover, for it is a practice rejected as an unnecessary precaution by Halachic authorities as early as the time of its emergence. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२६, १५ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18973993 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jaflong]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jaflong Sylhet.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jaflong''' is a hill station and tourist destination in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is located in Gowainghat Upazila of Sylhet District and situated at the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, overshadowed by subtropical mountains and rainforests. Jaflong is known for its stone collections and is home of the Khasi tribe </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१५, २९ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19015333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Banana flour]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Starr-180106-1562-Prosopis pallida-Waianae Gold kiawe flour for banana muffins-Hawea Pl Olinda-Maui (40290422231).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Banana flour''' is a powder traditionally made of green bananas. Historically, banana flour has been used in Africa and Jamaica as a cheaper alternative to wheat flour. It is now often used as a gluten-free replacement for wheat flours or as a source of resistant starch, which has been promoted by certain dieting trends such as paleo and primal diets and by some recent nutritional research. Banana flour, due to the use of green bananas, has a very mild banana flavor raw, and when cooked, it has an earthy, nonbanana flavor; it also has a texture reminiscent of lighter wheat flours and requires about 25% less volume, making it a good replacement for white and white whole-wheat flour. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, ६ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19015333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Old Sugar Mill of Koloa]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kauai-old-sugar-mill-Koloa-chimney.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Old Sugar Mill of Kōloa''' was part of the first commercially successful sugarcane plantation in Hawaiʻi, which was founded in Kōloa on the island of Kauai in 1835 by Ladd & Company. This was the beginning of what would become Hawaii's largest industry. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962. A stone chimney and foundations remain from 1840. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०४, १३ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19088149 --> == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Helicopter 66]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:SH-3D Sea King of HS-4 recovers Apollo 11 astronaut on 24 July 1969.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Helicopter 66''' is a United States Navy Sikorsky Sea King helicopter used during the late 1960s for the water recovery of astronauts during the Apollo program. It has been called "one of the most famous, or at least most iconic, helicopters in history", was the subject of a 1969 song by Manuela and was made into a die-cast model by Dinky Toys. In addition to its work in support of NASA, Helicopter 66 also transported the Shah of Iran during his 1973 visit to the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. Helicopter 66 was delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1967 and formed part of the inventory of U.S. Navy Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Four for the duration of its active life. Among its pilots during this period was Donald S. Jones, who would go on to command the United States Third Fleet. Later re-numbered Helicopter 740, the aircraft crashed in the Pacific Ocean in 1975 during a training exercise. At the time of its crash, it had logged more than 3,200 hours of service. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१४, २० मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19088149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?]]'''<br /><small>([[:pt:O Que É que a Baiana Tem?]]) </small></span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carmen Miranda, Banana da Terra 1939.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''O que é que a baiana tem?''''' is a song composed by Dorival Caymmi in 1939 and recorded by Carmen Miranda. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, ३ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19123976 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Expedition to Lapland]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carolus Linnaeus by Hendrik Hollander 1853.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Expedition to Lapland''', the northernmost region in Sweden, by Carl Linnaeus in 1732 was an important part of his scientific career. Linnaeus departed from Uppsala and travelled clockwise around the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia over the course of six months, making major inland incursions from Umeå, Luleå and Tornio. His observations became the basis of his book Flora Lapponica (1737) in which Linnaeus’ ideas about nomenclature and classification were first used in a practical way.[2] Linnaeus kept a journal of his expedition which was first published posthumously as an English translation called Lachesis Lapponica: A Tour in Lapland (1811). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५३, १० जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19138058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karin Bergöö Larsson]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Karin-Bergoo.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Karin Larsson, née Bergöö''', (3 October 1859 – 18 February 1928) was a Swedish artist and designer who collaborated with her husband, Carl Larsson, as well as being often depicted in his paintings. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, १७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Historic Sites of Canada]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''National Historic Sites of Canada''' (French: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being of national historic significance </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, २४ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hewing]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Northeim 2005-09-17 Fachwerk-05.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> In woodworking, '''hewing''' is the process of converting a log from its rounded natural form into lumber (timber) with more or less flat surfaces using primarily an axe. It is an ancient method, and before the advent of the industrial-era type of sawmills, it was a standard way of squaring up wooden beams for timber framing. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४४, १ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Belgian government in exile]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Hubert Pierlot and Robert Sturges.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Belgian government in London''' (French: Gouvernement belge à Londres, Dutch: Belgische regering in Londen), also known as the Pierlot IV Government, was the government in exile of Belgium between October 1940 and September 1944 during World War II. The government was tripartite, involving ministers from the Catholic, Liberal and Labour Parties. After the invasion of Belgium by Nazi Germany in May 1940, the Belgian government, under Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot, fled first to Bordeaux in France and then to London, where it established itself as the only legitimate representation of Belgium to the Allies. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०४:०७, ८ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19187313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Philippine space program]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:ABS-3 (Agila-2).jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''space program of the Philippines''' is decentralized and is maintained by various agencies of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). There is no dedicated space agency to oversee the country's space program and is funded through the National SPACE Development Program by the DOST. Early Philippine initiatives in space technology has been led by private firms although in the recent years the government has played a more active role. The Philippines has been involved in space technology since the 1960s, when the government built an Earth satellite receiving station by the administration of then-President Ferdinand Marcos. It was also during the latter part of this period that a Filipino private firm acquired the country's first satellite, Agila-1 which was launched as an Indonesian satellite. In the 1990s, Mabuhay had Agila 2 launched to space from China. In the 2010s, the Philippine government partnered with the Tohoku and Hokkaido Universities of Japan to launch the first satellite designed by Filipinos, Diwata-1. Diwata-1 is a microsatellite. The government was able to develop and send two more small-scale satellites, Diwata-2 and Maya-1. A centralized space agency has been proposed in the legislature to address funding and management issue faced by the country's space program. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]०१:५०, १५ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19192603 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Free Solo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Free Solo''''' is a 2018 American documentary film about climbing El Capitan in Yosemite. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]०२:१९, २२ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19192603 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sevastopol Naval Base]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:ru:Севастопольская военно-морская база]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aleksandrovets&Muromets2005Sevastopol.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Sevastopol Naval Base''' (Russian: Севастопольская военно-морская база; Ukrainian: Севастопольська військово-морська база) is a naval base located in Sevastopol, on disputed Crimean peninsula. It is a base of the Russian Navy and the main base of the Black Sea Fleet. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, २९ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chugach State Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parque estatal Chugach, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 77.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Chugach State Park''' covers 495,204 acres (2,004 square kilometers) immediately east of the Anchorage Bowl in south-central Alaska. Though primarily in the Municipality of Anchorage, a small portion of the park north of the Eklutna Lake area in the vicinity of Pioneer Peak lies within the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. Established by legislation signed into law on August 6, 1970, by Alaska Governor Keith Miller, this state park was created to provide recreational opportunities, protect the scenic value of the Chugach Mountains and other geographic features, and ensure the safety of the water supply for Anchorage. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२०, ५ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Visby City Wall]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Visby ringmur östra delen norrut.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Visby City Wall''' (Swedish: Visby ringmur, sometimes Visby stadsmur) is a medieval defensive wall surrounding the Swedish town of Visby on the island of Gotland. As the strongest, most extensive, and best preserved medieval city wall in Scandinavia, the wall forms an important and integral part of Visby World Heritage Site. Built in two stages during the 13th and 14th century, approximately 3.44 km (2.14 mi) of its original 3.6 km (2.2 mi) still stands. Of the 29 large and 22 smaller towers, 27 large and 9 small remain. A number of houses that predate the wall were incorporated within it during one of the two phases of construction. During the 18th century, fortifications were added to the wall in several places and some of the towers rebuilt to accommodate cannons. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०५, १२ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Duesenberg Model A]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:1923 Duesenberg Model A Rubay Touring p1.JPG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Duesenberg Model A''' was the first automobile in series production to have hydraulic brakes and the first automobile in series production in the United States with a straight-eight engine. Officially known as the Duesenberg Straight Eight, the Model A was first shown in late 1920 in New York City. Production was delayed by substantial changes to the design of the car, including a change in the engine valvetrain from horizontal overhead valves to an overhead camshaft; also during this time, the company had moved its headquarters and factory from New Jersey to Indiana. The Model A was manufactured in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 1921 to 1925 by the Duesenberg Automobiles and Motors Company and from 1925 to 1926 at the same factory by the restructured Duesenberg Motor Company. The successors to the company began referring to the car as the Model A when the Model J was introduced. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, २६ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19314058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Gladys Kalema Zikusoka.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka''' (born 8 January 1970) is a Ugandan veterinarian and founder of Conservation Through Public Health, an organisation dedicated to the coexistence of endangered mountain gorillas, other wildlife, humans, and livestock in Africa. She was Uganda's first wildlife veterinary officer and was the star of the BBC documentary, Gladys the African Vet. In 2009 she won the Whitley Gold Award for her conservation work. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19314058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bat as food]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bats for eating in Laos.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bats are a food''' source for humans in the Pacific Rim and Asia. Bats are consumed in various amounts in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Guam, and in other Asian and Pacific Rim countries and cultures. In Guam, Mariana fruit bats (Pteropus mariannus) are considered a delicacy, and a flying fox bat species was made endangered due to being hunted there. In addition to being hunted as a food source for humans, bats are also hunted for their skins. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19346679 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sand-Covered Church]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nordenskirker_Skagen(26).jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Sand-Covered Church''' (Danish: Den Tilsandede Kirke, also translated as The Buried Church, and also known as Old Skagen Church) is the name given to a late 14th-century church dedicated to Saint Lawrence of Rome. It was a brick church of considerable size, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the town centre of Skagen, Denmark. During the last half of the 18th century the church was partially buried by sand from nearby dunes; the congregation had to dig out the entrance each time a service was to be held. The struggle to keep the church free of sand lasted until 1795, when it was abandoned </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२३, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19362143 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Penal system in China]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''penal system in China''' is mostly composed of an administrative detention system and a judicial incarceration system. As of mid 2015, it is reported prisoners held in prisons managed by Ministry of Justice is 1,649,804, result in a population rate of 118 per 100,000. Detainees in Ministry of Public Security facilities is 650,000 as of 2009, which combined would result in a population rate of 164 per 100,000. China also retained the use of death penalty with the approval right reserved to the Supreme People's Court, and have a system of death penalty with reprieve where the sentence is suspended unless the convicted commit another major crime within two years while detained. There are discussion urging increased use of community correction, and debate are ongoing to have Ministry of Justice oversee administrative detainees as well to prevent police from having too much power. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०१, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19415526 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christchurch Town Hall]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Christchurch Town Hall''', since 2007 formally known as the Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, opened in 1972, is Christchurch, New Zealand's premier performing arts centre. It is located in the central city on the banks of the Avon River overlooking Victoria Square, opposite the former location of the demolished Christchurch Convention Centre. Due to significant damage sustained during the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, it was closed until 2019. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:४८, १४ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19441368 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Garlic production in China]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:2005garlic.PNG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Garlic production in China''' is significant to the worldwide garlic industry, as China provides 80% of the total world production and is the leading exporter. Following China, other significant garlic producers include India (5% of world production) and Bangladesh (1%). As of 2016, China produced 21 million tonnes annually. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४७, २१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19475547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:115 Antioch earthquake]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''115 Antioch earthquake''' occurred on 13 December 115 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Antioch and surrounding areas were devastated with a great loss of life and property. It triggered a local tsunami that badly damaged the harbour at Caesarea Maritima. The Roman Emperor Trajan was caught in the earthquake, as was his successor Hadrian. Although the consul Marcus Pedo Vergilianus was killed, they escaped with only slight injuries and later began a program to rebuild the city. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, २८ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19488868 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎ सुरु भयो । म तपाईंलाई कार्यक्रमको लागि हाम्रो अनलाइन सम्पादनथनमा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छु । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो । हामी आशा गर्दछौं कि तपाईं उत्साहित हुनुहुन्छ र यस यात्रामा हामीसँग सामेल हुनुहुनेछ । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०१:०८, १ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19511773 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jigokudani Monkey Park]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:ja:地獄谷野猿公苑]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jigokudani Monkey Park''' is located in Yamanouchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Joshinetsu Kogen National Park (locally known as Shigakogen), and is located in the valley of the Yokoyu-River, in the northern part of the prefecture. The name Jigokudani, meaning "Hell's Valley", is due to the steam and boiling water that bubbles out of small crevices in the frozen ground, surrounded by steep cliffs and formidably cold and hostile forests. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, ४ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19488868 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blautopf]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blaubeuren Blautopf 20180804 02.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Blautopf''' (German for Blue pot; "blau" means blue, "Topf" means pot) is a spring that serves as the source of the river Blau in the karst landscape on the Swabian Jura's southern edge, in Southern Germany. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, ११ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19523882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Quonset hut]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Quonset.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''Quonset hut''' is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States, based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I. Hundreds of thousands were produced during World War II. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, १८ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19523882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Electric match]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Exploding E match collage.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> An '''electric match''' is a device that uses an externally applied electric current to ignite a combustible compound. Electric matches can be used in any application where source of heat is needed at a precisely controlled point in time, typically to ignite a propellant or explosive. Examples include airbags, pyrotechnics, and military or commercial explosives. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४७, २५ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fetoscopy]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Intervention par foetoscopie1.png|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Fetoscopy''' is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Fetoscopy allows for medical interventions such as a biopsy (tissue sample) or a laser occlusion of abnormal blood vessels (such as chorioangioma) or the treatment of spina bifid. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, २ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:New Brighton Pier]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:New Brighton Pier during the sunset, Christchurch, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> There have been two '''New Brighton Piers''' in New Brighton, New Zealand. The first pier, of wooden construction, opened on 18 January 1894 and was demolished on 12 October 1965. The current concrete pier was opened on 1 November 1997. It is one of the icons of Christchurch. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५७, ९ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Topi]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) female.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''topi''' (''Damaliscus lunatus jimela'') is a highly social and fast antelope subspecies of the common tsessebe, a species which belongs to the genus Damaliscus. They are found in the savannas, semi-deserts, and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:११, १६ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19639518 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Niassodon]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Niassodon.tif|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Niassodon''''' is an extinct genus of kingoriid dicynodont therapsid known from the Late Permian of Niassa Province, northern Mozambique. It contains a single species, ''Niassodon mfumukasi''. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, २३ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19644490 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:German Central Library for the Blind]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Leipzig Deutsche Zentralbuecherei fuer Blinde.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''German Central Library for the Blind''' (German: Deutsche Zentralbücherei für Blinde), abbreviated DZB, is a public library for the visually impaired located in the city of Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. Its collection of 72,300 titles is amongst the largest in the German speaking countries. The institution consists of a lending library, a publishing house, and a research center for barrier-free communication. It also has production facilities for braille books, audiobooks, and braille music. The DZB publishes about 250 new titles annually. Founded in 1894, the DZB is the oldest library for the blind in Germany. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, ३० डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19663331 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Крымский мост (Москва)]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Krymsky Bridge]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Moscow 05-2017 img13 Krymsky Bridge.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Krymsky Bridge''' or Crimean Bridge is a steel suspension bridge in Moscow. The bridge spans the Moskva River 1,800 metres south-west from the Kremlin and carries the Garden Ring across the river. The bridge links the Crimean Square to the north with Krymsky Val street to the south. The nearby Moscow Metro stations are Park Kultury and Oktyabrskaya. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२५, ६ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Genovese sauce]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Genovesesauce.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Genovese sauce''' is a rich, onion-based pasta sauce from the region of Campania, Italy. Likely introduced to Naples from the northern Italian city of Genoa during the Renaissance, it has since become famous in Campania and forgotten elsewhere. The sauce is unusual for the long preparation time used to soften and flavor the onions. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४१, १३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Patanga succincta]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Patanga succincta (40890841064).jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Patanga succincta''''', the Bombay locust, is a species of locust found in India and southeast Asia. It is usually a solitary insect, and it is only in India that it has exhibited swarming behaviour. The last plague of this locust was in that country between 1901 and 1908 and there have not been any swarms since 1927. It is thought that the behaviour of the insects has altered because of changing practices in agricultural land use. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == यान्दिक्स ब्राउजरको उनुप्रेषणको बारेमा == यान्दिक्स ब्राउजरमा गरिएको अनुप्रेषण उच्चारण अनुसार गलत छ र त्यसलाई किन गलत शीर्षकका साथ अनुप्रेषण गरियो? [https://translate.yandex.com/?lang=ru-en&text=%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81 प्रमाणका लागि यो सुन्नुहोस् ] [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:३१, ३ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) ::::हजुर, म त यान्डेक्स नै सुन्छु त । [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eWVKKzkEqfg]] <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Flapper]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The flapper - glass slide - 1920.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''The Flapper''''' is a 1920 American silent comedy film starring Olive Thomas. Directed by Alan Crosland, the film was the first in the United States to portray the "flapper" lifestyle, which would become a cultural craze or fad in the 1920s. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:१९, २ मार्च २०२० (+0545)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19803136 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Three Sisters (Alberta)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three Sisters from Police Creek.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Three Sisters''' are a trio of peaks near Canmore, Alberta, Canada. They are known individually as Big Sister, Middle Sister and Little Sister. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, ३० मार्च २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19883477 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cloth facemask]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Coronalijer (Rumag) protective mask, Oude Pekela (2020) 01.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''cloth facemask''' is a mask made of common textiles worn over the mouth and nose. Unlike surgical masks and respirators such as N95 masks, they are not subject to regulation, and there is currently little research or guidance on their effectiveness as a protective measure against infectious disease transmission or particulate air pollution. They were routinely used by healthcare workers from the mid 19th century until the mid 20th century. In the 1960s they fell out of use in the developed world in favor of modern surgical masks, but their use has persisted in developing countries. During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, their use in developed countries was revived as a last resort due to shortages of surgical masks and respirators. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०९, १३ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19974415 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:As-Nas]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:گنجفه.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''As-Nas''' (آس ناس) is a card game or type of playing cards that were used in Persia. The design of the packs is simple, consisting of only five individual card designs, each with a distinctive background colour. As-Nas date back to the 17th century, and at that time a 25-card pack was used, with 5 suits, each suit having one court card and four numeral cards. Cards from the 19th century with the classic As-Nas designs can be found in various museum collections. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४४, २० अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19978834 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pour le piano]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Debussy - Sarabande from Pour le piano.ogg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Pour le piano''''' (For the piano), L. 95, is a suite for solo piano by Claude Debussy. It consists of three individually composed movements, Prélude, Sarabande and Toccata. The suite was completed and published in 1901. It was premiered on 11 January 1902 at the Salle Érard, played by Ricardo Viñes. Maurice Ravel orchestrated the middle movement </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०७, २७ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19999361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:F. Percy Smith]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Frank Percy Smith''' (12 January 1880–24 March 1945) was a British naturalist and early nature documentary pioneer working for Charles Urban, where he pioneered the use of time-lapse and microcinematography. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १८:११, ४ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20029506 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bernwood Forest]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bernwood Forest - geograph.org.uk - 1730158.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bernwood Forest''' was one of several forests of the ancient Kingdom of England and was a Royal hunting forest. It is thought to have been set aside as Royal hunting land when the Anglo-Saxon kings had a palace at Brill and church in Oakley, in the 10th century and was a particularly favoured place of Edward the Confessor, who was born in nearby Islip. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, ११ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20029506 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:June Almeida]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''June Dalziel Almeida''' (5 October 1930 – 1 December 2007) was a Scottish virologist, a pioneer in virus imaging, identification and diagnosis. Her skills in electron microscopy earned her an international reputation. (...) She succeeded in identifying viruses that were previously unknown, including—in 1966—a group of viruses that was later named coronavirus. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, १८ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20080268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Siilinjärvi carbonatite]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Siilinjärvi Särkijärvi pit.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Siilinjärvi carbonatite''' complex is located in central Finland close to the city of Kuopio. It is named after the nearby village of Siilinjärvi, located approximately 5 km west of the southern extension of the complex. Siilinjärvi is the second largest carbonatite complex in Finland after the Sokli formation, and one of the oldest carbonatites on Earth at 2610±4 Ma. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२२, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20080268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Castle of the Pico]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:it:Castello dei Pico]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Castello Pico, Mirandola.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Castle of the Pico''' (in Italian Castello dei Pico) is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy. Famous in Europe as a legendary impregnable fortress, it belonged to the House of Pico della Mirandola, who ruled over the city for four centuries (1311-1711) and who enriched it in the Renaissance period with important pieces of art. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२१, १ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20128608 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Garúa]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Reserva Nacional Lomas de Lachay, Huaral, Lima, Perú 01.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Garúa''' is a Spanish word meaning drizzle or mist. Although used in other contexts in the Spanish-speaking world, garúa most importantly refers to the moist cold fog that blankets the coasts of Peru and northern Chile, especially during the southern hemisphere winter. Garúa is called Camanchaca in Chile. Garúa brings mild temperatures and high humidity to a tropical coastal desert. It also provides moisture from fog and mist to a nearly-rainless region and permits the existence of vegetated fog oases, called lomas. While fog and drizzle are common in many coastal areas around the world, the prevalence and persistence of garúa and its impact on climate and the environment make it unique </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३४, ८ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20134234 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Te Araroa Trail]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Te_Araroa_logo_sign.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Te Araroa''' (The Long Pathway) is New Zealand's long distance tramping route, stretching circa 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) along the length of the country's two main islands from Cape Reinga to Bluff. It is made up of a mixture of older tracks and walkways, new tracks, and link sections alongside roads. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०६, १५ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20170853 --> == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vessel (structure)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Hudson Yards Plaza March 2019 18.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Vessel''' (TKA) is a structure and landmark which was built as part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Construction began in April 2017; it opened on March 15, 2019. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२७, २२ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20199070 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Punt (boat)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Boats on the river Cam.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''punt''' is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt. The punter generally propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. A punt should not be confused with a gondola, a shallow draft vessel that is structurally different, and which is propelled by an oar rather than a pole. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:०५, २९ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20201444 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Cobbler]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ben Arthur, Arrochar Alps, Scotland 02.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Cobbler''' (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Artair) is a mountain of 884 metres (2,900 ft) height located near the head of Loch Long in Scotland. Although only a Corbett, it is "one of the most impressive summits in the Southern Highlands" </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५१, ६ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20246150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:fr:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:nl:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:zh:珂若蘭·愛達·安姆琪]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Coraline Ada Ehmke.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Coraline Ada Ehmke''' is a software developer and open source advocate based in Chicago, Illinois. She began her career as a web developer in 1994 and has worked in a variety of industries, including engineering, consulting, education, advertising, healthcare, and software development infrastructure. She is known for her work in Ruby, and in 2016 earned the Ruby Hero award at RailsConf, a conference for Ruby on Rails developers. She is also known for her social justice work and activism, the creation of Contributor Covenant, and promoting the widespread adoption of codes of conduct for open source projects and communities. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५७, १३ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20259959 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amabie]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Higo Amabie.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Amabie''' (アマビエ) is a legendary Japanese mermaid or merman with three legs, who allegedly emerges from the sea and prophesies either an abundant harvest or an epidemic. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५७, २० जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20275748 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning "little ones". It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as "endemic". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:१३, ३ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20316345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning "little ones". It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as "endemic". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ११:०९, ३ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20316345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:HelloFresh]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:es:HelloFresh]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''HelloFresh''' SE is an international publicly traded meal-kit company based in Berlin, Germany. It is the largest meal-kit provider in the United States, and also has operations in Canada, Western Europe (including Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, France, and the Netherlands), New Zealand and Australia. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५३, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20351012 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:GRS 1915+105]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Merlin-GRS1915.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''GRS 1915+105''' or V1487 Aquilae is an X-ray binary star system which features a regular star and a black hole. It was discovered on August 15, 1992 by the WATCH all-sky monitor aboard Granat. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५८, १७ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20354098 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trick film]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Chaudron infernal (1903).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In the early history of cinema, '''trick films''' were short silent films designed to feature innovative special effects </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20407768 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Margerie Glacier]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Glaciar Margerie, Parque Nacional Bahía del Glaciar, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-19, DD 33.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Margerie Glacier''' is a 21 mi (34 km) long tidewater glacier in Glacier Bay, Alaska, United States within the boundaries of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The glacier begins on the southern slopes of Mount Root, elevation 12,860 feet (3,920 m), on the Alaska–Canada border flowing southeast down the valley, then turning to the northeast toward its terminus in Tarr Inlet. Margerie Glacier is one of the most active and frequently-visited glaciers in Glacier Bay, which was declared a National Monument in 1925, a National Park and Preserve in 1980, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 1986 and a World Heritage Site in 1992. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20407768 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20433998 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १४:५४, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20433998 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cradleboard]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cradleboard.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Cradleboards''' (Cheyenne: pâhoešestôtse, Northern Sami: gietkka, Skolt Sami: ǩiõtkâm) are traditional protective baby-carriers used by many indigenous cultures in North America and throughout northern Scandinavia amongst the Sámi. There are a variety of styles of cradleboard, reflecting the diverse artisan practises of indigenous cultures. Some indigenous communities in North America still use cradleboards. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २१ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20459445 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn", the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०२, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20478024 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn", the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ११:२७, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20478024 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Arctic ice pack]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Une partie de l'hémisphère nord de la Terre avec la banquise, nuage, étoile et localisation de la station météo en Alert.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Arctic ice pack''' is the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity. The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter. Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50% of winter cover </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, १२ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20489711 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Layshaft]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Gearbox (Autocar Handbook, 13th ed, 1935).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''layshaft''' is an intermediate shaft within a gearbox that carries gears, but does not transfer the primary drive of the gearbox either in or out of the gearbox. Layshafts are best known through their use in car gearboxes, where they were a ubiquitous part of the rear-wheel drive layout. With the shift to front-wheel drive, the use of layshafts is now rarer. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १९ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20542239 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Daisy (advertisement)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Daisy (1964).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> "'''Daisy'''", sometimes known as "Daisy Girl" or "Peace, Little Girl", was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. Though only officially aired once by the campaign, it is considered to be an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:१८, २६ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20542239 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:中環及灣仔填海計劃]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation aerial view 2018.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Central and Wan Chai Reclamation''' is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR Station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wanchai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, २ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20600348 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2001 Kunlun earthquake]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''2001 Kunlun earthquake''' also known as the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, occurred on 14 November 2001 at 09:26 UTC (17:26 local time), with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang in a remote mountainous region. With a magnitude of 7.8 Mw it was the most powerful earthquake in China for 5 decades. No casualties were reported, presumably due to the very low population density and the lack of high-rise buildings. This earthquake was associated with the longest surface rupture ever recorded on land, ~450 km </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ९ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20607800 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:George C. Stoney]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''George Cashel Stoney''' (July 1, 1916 – July 12, 2012) was an American documentary filmmaker, an educator, and the "father of public-access television." Among his films were All My Babies (1953), How the Myth Was Made (1979) and The Uprising of '34 (1995). All My Babies was entered into the National Film Registry in 2002 </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 16 November 2020 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20638437 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Acids in wine]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:HomemadeTartaric.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''acids in wine''' are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine. They are present in both grapes and wine, having direct influences on the color, balance and taste of the wine as well as the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation and protecting the wine from bacteria. During the course of winemaking and in the finished wines, acetic, butyric, lactic and succinic acids can play significant roles. Most of the acids involved with wine are fixed acids with the notable exception of acetic acid, mostly found in vinegar, which is volatile and can contribute to the wine fault known as volatile acidity. Sometimes, additional acids, such as ascorbic, sorbic and sulfurous acids, are used in winemaking. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:४८, २३ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20638437 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ludu Daw Amar]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ludu Daw Amar portrait.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ludu Daw Amar''' (also Ludu Daw Ah Mar; Burmese: လူထုဒေါ်အမာ, pronounced [lùdṵ dɔ̀ ʔəmà]; 29 November 1915 – 7 April 2008) was a well known and respected leading dissident writer and journalist in Mandalay, Burma. She was married to fellow writer and journalist Ludu U Hla and was the mother of popular writer Nyi Pu Lay. She is best known for her outspoken anti-government views and radical left wing journalism besides her outstanding work on traditional Burmese arts, theatre, dance and music, and several works of translation from English, both fiction and non-fiction. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20716278 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sistema Ox Bel Ha]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Sistema Ox Bel Ha''' (from Mayan meaning "Three Paths of Water"; short Ox Bel Ha) is a cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is the longest explored underwater cave in the world and ranks fourth including dry caves. As of May 2017 the surveyed length is 270.2 kilometers (167.9 mi) of underwater passages. There are more than 140 cenotes in the system. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३५, ७ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20716278 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Merlion Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Merlion statue, Merlion Park, Singapore - 20110723.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Merlion Park''' is a Singaporean landmark and a major tourist attraction located in the Downtown Core district of Singapore, near its Central Business District (CBD). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20843458 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-53 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Azov-Syvash National Nature Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:О. Куюк-Тук - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Azov-Syvash National Nature Park''' is a national park of Ukraine, located on Byriuchyi island in the northwestern Azov Sea. The park was created to protect the unique coastal environment of the northwestern Azov. It is particularly important as a stop on the flyway for migratory birds, with over a million birds visiting each year. It is located in Henichesk Raion of Kherson Oblast in Ukraine. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४०, २८ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20898361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Waimakariri River]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Waimakariri03 gobeirne.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Waimakariri River''' is one of the largest rivers in Canterbury, on the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It flows for 151 kilometres (94 mi) in a generally southeastward direction from the Southern Alps across the Canterbury Plains to the Pacific Ocean. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४१, ४ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20917158 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Simon von Stampfer]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Simon Stampfer Litho.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Simon Ritter von Stampfer''' (26 October 1792 (according to other sources 1790)), in Windisch-Mattrai, Archbishopric of Salzburg today called Matrei in Osttirol, Tyrol – 10 November 1864 in Vienna) was an Austrian mathematician, surveyor and inventor. His most famous invention is that of the stroboscopic disk which has a claim to be the first device to show moving images. Almost simultaneously similar devices were produced independently in Belgium (the phenakistiskop), and Britain (the Dædaleum, years later to appear as the Zoetrope). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२९, ११ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20931094 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Sophia Theresa Williams-de Bruyn''' (born 1938) is a former South African anti-apartheid activist. She was the first recipient of the Women's Award for exceptional national service. She is the last living leader of the Women's March. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, १८ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20974651 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Craigieburn Range]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:View from Foggy Peak to Craigieburn Range, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Craigieburn Range''' forms part of the Southern Alps in New Zealand's South Island. The range is located on the south banks of the Waimakariri River, south of Arthur's Pass and west of State Highway 73. The Craigieburn locality is adjacent to the Craigieburn Forest Park. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, २५ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20980516 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> ==[[आनन्द कार्की]] [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्तावित]]== [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|48px|]] यो [[आनन्द कार्की]] लेख [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्ताव]] गरिएको छ । किनकि यसले कुनै [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] वा सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दैन । [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव#आपत्ति|विकिपिडिया नीति]] अनुरूप, '''[[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी|जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी]]'''ले, यदि सात दिन भित्र कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिन्छ । यदि तपाईंले सिर्जना गर्नुभएको पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र हटाउनेको लागि ट्याग गरिएको छ भने, तपाईं त्यो पृष्ठमा सुधार गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सम्बन्धित वार्ता पृष्ठमा तपाईको तर्क बुझाउन सक्नुहुन्छ । सन्दर्भहरू सम्मिलित गर्न मद्दतको लागि, [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]], हेर्नुहोस् । एक पटक तपाईंले कम्तीमा एक [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] प्रदान गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईँले {{tl|prod blp/dated}} ट्याग हटाउन सक्नुहुनेछ । '''कम्तिमा एक विश्वसनीय स्रोत प्रदान नभएसम्म, कृपया, ट्याग नहटाउनु होला ।''' यदि सात दिन भित्र तपाईँले कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिनेछ । तर तपाइँ एक स्रोत थप्न तयार हुनुहुन्छ भने, {{#ifexist:आनन्द कार्की|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ|[[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]}} ।<!-- Template:ProdwarningBLP --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १३:४०, २७ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karoly Grosz (illustrator)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frankenstein (1931) by Karoly Grosz - detail from teaser poster.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Karoly Grosz''' (1896–after 1938) was a Hungarian–American illustrator of Classical Hollywood–era film posters. As art director at Universal Pictures for the bulk of the 1930s, Grosz oversaw the company's advertising campaigns and contributed hundreds of his own illustrations. He is especially recognized for his dramatic, colorful posters for classic horror films. Grosz's best-known posters advertised early Universal Classic Monsters films such as Dracula (1931), Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Invisible Man (1933), and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Beyond the horror genre, his other notable designs include posters for the epic war film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३२, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21032280 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zambezi National Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Victoria Falls 2012 05 24 1629 (7421900826).jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Zambezi National Park''' is a national park located upstream from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe. It was split off from Victoria Falls National Park in 1979 and is 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres) in size. The park is bisected by a road to Kazungula, dividing it into a riverine side and a Chamabonda Vlei side. Most of the park is within the ecoregion of Zambezian and Mopane woodlands, while a small portion in the south is within the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३३, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21054980 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Princes Road Synagogue]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Synagogue of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation - geograph.org.uk - 1703408 crop.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Princes Road Synagogue''', located in Toxteth, Liverpool in England, is the home of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation. It was founded in the late 1860s, designed by William James Audsley and George Ashdown Audsley and consecrated on 2 September 1874. It is widely regarded as the finest example of the Moorish Revival style of synagogue architecture in Great Britain </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, २२ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21110460 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bust Of Jatindra Mohan Sengupta in JM Sen hall crop.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jatindra Mohan Sengupta''' (1885 – 1933) was an Indian revolutionary against the British rule. He studied law at Downing College, Cambridge, UK. In India, he started a legal practice. He also joined in Indian politics, becoming a member of the Indian National Congress and participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Eventually, he gave up his legal practice in favour of his political commitment. He was arrested several times by the British police. In 1933, he died in a prison in Ranchi, India. Because of his popularity and contribution to the Indian freedom movement, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta is affectionately remembered by people of Bengal with the honorific Deshpriya or Deshapriya, meaning "beloved of the country". In many criminal cases he defended the nationalist revolutionaries in the court and saved them from the gallows. In 1985, a postal stamp was issued by the Indian Government in memory of Sengupta and his wife, Nellie. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21139410 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Eukaryotic translation]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Eukaryotic translation''' is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, ८ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21139410 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hotel National, Moscow]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Hotel National Moscow.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Hotel National, Moscow''' (Russian: гости́ница «Националь») is a five-star hotel in Moscow, Russia, opened in 1903. It has 202 bedrooms and 56 suites and is located on Manege Square, directly across from The Kremlin. The hotel is managed by The Luxury Collection, a division of Marriott International. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, १५ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21210312 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kefermarkt altarpiece]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Kefermarkt Kirche Flügelaltar Schrein 01.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kefermarkt altarpiece''' (German: Kefermarkter Flügelaltar) is an altarpiece in Late Gothic style in the parish church in Kefermarkt, Upper Austria. It was commissioned by the knight Christoph von Zellking and is estimated as finished in 1497. The richly decorated wooden altarpiece depicts the saints Peter, Wolfgang and Christopher in its central section. The side panels depict scenes from the life of Mary, and the altarpiece also has an intricate superstructure and two side figures showing saints George and Florian. The identity of its maker is unknown, but at least two skilled sculptors appear to have created the main statuary of the altarpiece. Throughout the centuries, the altarpiece has been altered and lost its original paint and gilding. A major restoration was made in the 19th century under the leadership of writer Adalbert Stifter. The altarpiece has been described as "one of the greatest achievements in late-medieval sculpture in the German-speaking area." <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, २२ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21239074 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jharia coalfield]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jharia coalfield''' is the largest coal reserve in India having an estimated reserve of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal. The field is located in the east of India in Jharia, Jharkhand. The fields have suffered a coal bed fire since at least 1916, resulting in 37 millions tons of coal consumed by the fire, and significant ground subsidence and water and air pollution in local communities including the city of Jharia. The resulting pollution has led to a government agency designated for moving local populations, however, little progress has been made in the relocation. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, २९ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21246220 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mammoth central]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:A Mammoth Hunt.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mammoth central''' is a paleontological site on the grounds of the Santa Lucía Airport in the state of Mexico, Mexico which contains the remains of at least 200 Columbian mammoths as well as 25 camels and five horses. The site is the world's largest concentration of mammoth remains; the previous was the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs in South Dakota with only 61 individuals. Human tools and carved bones have also been discovered at the site, suggesting that humans utilized the site to trap and kill large mammals. More fossils continue to be found at the site. The dig will end in 2022, when the airport's construction is projected to conclude. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, ०७:३०, १२ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21319298 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Palo Alto Baylands January 2013 002.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve''', known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 acres in both Palo Alto and East Palo Alto, and is owned by the city of Palo Alto, California, United States <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१२, १९ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21356077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Metropolitan Waterworks Museum]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:High Service Pumping Station, Chestnut Hill, Sudbury Aqueduct.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Waterworks Museum''' is a museum in the Che]stnut Hill Waterworks building, originally a high-service pumping station of the Boston Metropolitan Waterworks <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:३०, २६ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21376318 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sarah E. Goode]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sarah E Goode.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sarah Elisabeth Goode''' (1850 – April 8, 1905) was an inventor. She was the second known African-American woman to receive the MOST, a United States patent, which she received in 1885. The first known African-American woman to receive a patent was Judy W. Reed on September 23, 1884, but Reed only signed her patent with her mark (an X) and not her signature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०७, १० मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21420930 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zuzu Angel]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zuzu Angel durante o lançamento de sua coleção em Nova York, 1972.tif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zuleika Angel Jones''' (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel. In 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of Angel. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, १७ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21420930 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blue space]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Downtown Green Bay CityDeck along the Fox River.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Blue space''' in urban planning and design comprises all the areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with greenspace (parks, gardens, etc. specifically: urban open space), it may help in reducing the risks of heat-related illness from high urban temperatures. Substantial urban waterbodies naturally exist as integral features of the geography of many cities because of their historical geopolitical significance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१६, २४ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21481888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Breakthrough infection]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''breakthrough infection''' is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes sick from the same illness that the vaccine is meant to prevent. Simply, they occur when vaccines fail to provide immunity against the pathogen they are designed to target. In April 2021, the CDC reported that in the United States there were 5,814 COVID-19 breakthrough infections, and 74 deaths, among the more than 75 million people fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१३, ७ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21481888 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tutankhamun's trumpets]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Silver trumpet from Tutankhamun's tomb.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tutankhamun's trumpets''' are a pair of trumpets found in the burial chamber of the Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun. The trumpets, one of sterling silver and one of bronze or copper, are considered to be the oldest operational trumpets in the world, and the only known surviving examples from ancient Egypt. The trumpets were found in 1922 by Howard Carter during the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb. The bronze trumpet was discovered in the tomb's antechamber in a large chest containing various military objects and walking sticks. The silver trumpet was subsequently found in the burial chamber. Both are finely engraved, with decorative images of the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and Amun. The silver trumpet's bell is engraved with a whorl of sepals and calices representing a lotus flower, and the praenomen and nomen of the king. The bronze trumpet may in fact be made of copper; the metal has not yet been analysed. Similar looking trumpets feature in Egyptian wall-paintings that are usually, though not always, associated with military scenes. Silent for over 3,000 years, the trumpets were sounded before a live audience of an estimated 150 million listeners through an international BBC broadcast aired on 16 April 1939. The trumpets were played by a bandsman, James Tappern of Prince Albert's Own 11th Royal Hussars regiment. The recording was recently featured, and can be heard on the BBC Radio 4 program Ghost Music. Rex Keating, who presented the 1939 broadcast, later claimed that during a rehearsal, the silver trumpet shattered, and Alfred Lucas, a member of Carter's team who had restored the finds, was so distressed he needed to go to hospital. Due to their fragility, it is unlikely the trumpets will be played again in any official musical reconstructions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २१ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21601956 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sumidouro State Park]]'''<br /><small>''([[:pt:Parque Estadual do Sumidouro]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Texturas da Gruta da Lapinha.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sumidouro State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Sumidouro) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The remains of the first human inhabitants of Brazil were found in the park area in the early 19th century, along with bones of now-extinct megafauna. The main attraction is the Gruta da Lapinha, a large limestone cave. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१२, २८ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21601956 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Justus Ier]]'''<br /><small>''([[:en:Justus of Jerusalem]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Justus I''' was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian leader, third bishop of Jerusalem, supposedly tied to the family of Jesus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५७, ५ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21653910 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:El Palo Alto]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:El-palo-alto-tree-california.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''El Palo Alto''' (Spanish for 'the tall pole' or 'post') is a coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. It is famous for its historical significance and as the namesake of the city of Palo Alto. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814. Its top progressively died from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३७, १२ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21702842 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sèvres Egyptian Service]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plate showing statues of Amenhotep III at Luxor, Egypt. Commissioned by Napoleon as a present to Josephine but she rejected it. From France. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sèvres Egyptian Service''' is a name used for two sets of tableware made by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres during the First French Empire. The first was produced between 1804 and 1806 for Napoleon I and was presented by him to Alexander I of Russia in 1808, as a diplomatic gift following the Treaties of Tilsit. It is now held in the State Museum of Ceramics in Russia. The second set was produced between 1810 and 1812. It was intended as a gift from Napoleon to Empress Joséphine. The service consisted of 72 plates with the wells depicting scenes from Egypt based on sketches made by Vivant Denon. Joséphine refused to accept the service, which she described as "too severe". It was returned to the factory and given as a gift to the Duke of Wellington by Louis XVIII in 1818, following the Bourbon Restoration. The service was purchased by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1979 and, except for one plate, was loaned to English Heritage to display at Apsley House, London, the former residence of the first duke. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, १९ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21719762 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:La plus que lente]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:La Plus Que Lente (edit).ogg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''La plus que lente''''', L. 121 is a waltz for solo piano written by Claude Debussy in 1910, shortly after his publication of the Préludes, Book I <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, २६ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21757255 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abstract photography]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas .jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Abstract photography''', sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials. An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a natural scene in order to remove its inherent context from the viewer, it may be purposely staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects, or it may involve the use of color, light, shadow, texture, shape and/or form to convey a feeling, sensation or impression. The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१३, २ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21796451 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipède.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede''' was a steam powered velocipede made in France sometime from 1867 to 1871, when a small Louis-Guillaume Perreaux commercial steam engine was attached to a Pierre Michaux manufactured iron framed pedal bicycle. It is one of three motorcycles claimed to be the first motorcycle, along with the Roper steam velocipede of 1867 or 1868, and the internal combustion engine Daimler Reitwagen of 1885. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१४, ९ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21796451 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:zh:祝融号火星车]]'''<br /><small>''([[:en:Zhurong (rover)]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover at IAC Bremen 2018 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zhurong''' (Chinese: 祝融; pinyin: Zhùróng) is China's first Mars rover, which formed part of the Chinese Tianwen 1 mission to Mars. It landed on May 14, 2021, to make China the second country to successfully soft land on Mars and establish communications from the Martian surface, after the United States. Zhurong was successfully deployed on 22 May 2021, 02:40 UTC <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:५१, १६ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21857549 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Night in Luna Park, Coney Island (1905).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Luna Park''' was an amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. Luna Park was located on a site bounded by Surf Avenue to the south, West 8th Street to the east, Neptune Avenue to the north, and West 12th Street to the west. Luna Park opened in 1903 and operated until 1944. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, २३ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21914746 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Philippines)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PH flags near ccp.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Filipino: Araw ng Kasarinlán; also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, "Day of Freedom") is an annual national holiday in the Philippines observed on June 12, commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५३, ३० अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21948194 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Flyby (spaceflight)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PIA22316 MarCO InSight.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''flyby''' (/ˈflaɪˌbaɪ/) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist to impel it towards another target <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, ६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21969329 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award]]'''<br /><small>''([[:ko:황연대 성취상]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award''' is named after South Korean Dr. Whang Youn Dai, who contracted polio at the age of three. She devoted her life to the development of paralympic sport in Korea and around the world. At the 1988 Paralympic Summer Games in Seoul, Korea, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) recognized her lifelong contributions to the Paralympic Movement and established the Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award (formerly the Whang Youn Dai Overcome Prize). Since then, this award has been presented at every Paralympic Games to one male and one female athlete who each "best exemplify the spirit of the Games and inspire and excite the world". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:४०, १३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22004646 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Behavior-altering parasite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Succinea mit Leucocholoridium.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Behavior-altering parasites''' are parasites with two or more hosts, capable of causing changes in the behavior of one of their hosts to enhance their transmission, sometimes directly affecting the hosts' decision-making and behavior control mechanisms. They do this by making the intermediate host, where they may reproduce asexually, more likely to be eaten by a predator at a higher trophic level which becomes the definitive host where the parasite reproduces sexually. Examples can be found in bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and animals. Parasites may also alter the host behaviour to increase the protection to the parasites or their offspring. The term bodyguard manipulation is used for such mechanisms. Among the behavioral changes caused by parasites is carelessness, making their hosts easier prey. The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for example, infects small rodents and causes them to become careless and may even cause them to become attracted to the smell of feline urine, both of which increase their risk of predation and the parasite's chance of infecting a cat, its definitive host. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४७, २७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22066226 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:18.novembra svinīgie pasākumi (30966699131).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia''' is celebrated annually on 18 November. It marks the anniversary of the Proclamation of Independence of Latvia by the People's Council of Latvia in 1918. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:४९, ११ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22160753 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Juice jacking]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Juice jacking]]) ([[:de:Juice jacking]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Juice jacking''' is a type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, १८ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22187362 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Kidnappers]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Kidnappers''' / Te Kauwae-a-Māui is a headland at the southeastern extremity of Hawke's Bay on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island and sits at the end of an 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) peninsula which protrudes into the Pacific Ocean. It is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of the city of Napier. Access to the Cape by road stops at Clifton, which is the departure point for many tourists. The Cape Kidnappers Golf Course lies between the headland and the nearby coastal community of Te Awanga. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, २५ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22229282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Islamic ornament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Abu 'Inaniya.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Islamic ornament''' is the use of decorative patterns in Islamic art. They can be broadly divided into the arabesque, using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy, consisting of religious texts with stylised appearance, used both decoratively and to convey meaning. All three often involve elaborate interlacing. The three types of ornament are often used together. Islamic decoration has had a significant influence on European decorative artforms, especially as Western arabesque. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, १ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22272778 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Southern Crab Nebula]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Crab of the Southern Sky Hen 2-104.tif|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Southern Crab Nebula''' (or WRAY-16-47 or Hen 2-104) is a nebula in the constellation Centaurus. The nebula is several thousand light years from Earth, and its central star is a symbiotic Mira variable - white dwarf pair. It is named for its resemblance to the Crab Nebula, which is in the northern sky. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५८, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22282200 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Netto Question]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Questão Netto 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Netto Question''' (Portuguese: Questão Netto) was the largest collective action for the liberation of slaves in the Americas. The lawsuit is related to the liberation of 217 slaves in Brazilian lands in the 1870s. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, १५ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22333164 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casa Grande del Pueblo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plaza Murillo .jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Casa Grande del Pueblo''' (English: Great House of the People), is the Bolivian presidential residence that replaced the Palacio Quemado in 2018. Inaugurated on 9 August 2018 during the presidency of Evo Morales as the official residence of the President of Bolivia, the interim government of Jeanine Áñez reverted to occupying the Palacio Quemado from 2019 to 2020. Following the inauguration of Luis Arce on 8 November 2020, it has again become the residence of the president. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१९, २२ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22360705 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:William Morrison (chemist)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Arntz and Morrison 1890.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''William Morrison''' (23 August 1855 – 29 August 1927) was a Scottish chemist. His background in chemistry piqued his interest in improving storage batteries. He concentrated on how to produce the most available energy for a unit of weight for efficiency in the working of an individual battery cell. Eventually, he developed storage batteries far more powerful than what had then been available. To demonstrate his batteries, Morrison installed 24 of them on a common horse-drawn carriage and attached an electric motor to the rear axle to be powered by them. Through various innovations, he developed the controls for the power used and the vehicle's steering so that the driver had complete control. Morrison invented the first practical self-powered four-wheeled electric carriage in the United States. His electric vehicle was the first to be driven in Chicago and in his hometown of Des Moines, Iowa. This electric horseless buggy of the late 19th century helped pave the way for the hybrid electric automobile of the 21st century. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३९, २९ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22383453 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Madagascar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Maki.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The composition of '''Madagascar's wildlife''' reflects the fact that the island has been isolated for about 88 million years. The prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana separated the Madagascar-Antarctica-India landmass from the Africa-South America landmass around 135 million years ago. Madagascar later split from India about 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in relative isolation. As a result of the island's long isolation from neighboring continents, Madagascar is home to an abundance of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Approximately 90 percent of all plant and animal species found in Madagascar are endemic, including the lemurs (a type of strepsirrhine primate), the carnivorous fossa and many birds. This distinctive ecology has led some ecologists to refer to Madagascar as the "eighth continent", and the island has been classified by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot. As recent as 2021, the "smallest reptile on earth" was also found in Madagascar, known as the Brookesia nana, or nano-chameleon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५८, ६ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22394149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Phromnia rosea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Flatid leaf bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Phromnia rosea''''', the flower-spike bug or the flatid leaf bug, is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae. It is found in dry, tropical forests in Madagascar, and the adult insects are gregarious, the groups orienting themselves in such a way that they resemble a flower spike <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२९, १३ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22394149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Great Meadow National Nature Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Velykyi Luh.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Great Meadow National Nature Park''' (Ukrainian: Великий Луг (національний природний парк)) (also, Velykyi Luh) covers historic steppe terrain in southeast Ukraine. It is on the south bank of the Dnieper River's Kakhovka Reservoir, which was created by the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The meadows and reed beds on the shore support one of the largest transmigration spots for birds in Eastern Europe <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:००, २० डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22450595 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luís Gama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Luiz Gama by Raul Pompeia 1882.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama''' (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian Rábula (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil. Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered "the greatest abolitionist in Brazil". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, २७ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22472971 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas tree production]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Christmas tree farm East Lansing MI check for pine shoot beetles.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas tree production''' occurs worldwide on Christmas tree farms, in artificial tree factories and from native strands of pine and fir trees. Christmas trees, pine and fir trees purposely grown for use as a Christmas tree, are grown on plantations in many western nations, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the industry is relatively new, and nations such as the United States, Germany and Canada are among world leaders in annual production. Great Britain consumes about 8 million trees annually, while in the United States between 35 and 40 million trees are sold during the Christmas season. Artificial Christmas trees are mostly produced in the Pearl River delta area of China. Christmas tree prices were described using a Hotelling-Faustmann model in 2001, the study showed that Christmas tree pr <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १७:२७, ३ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22519540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lobster War]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conflit de la langouste entre la France et le Brésil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Brazilian Boeing B-17 flies over the French destroyer Tartu (D636) during the 1963 Lobster War.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Lobster War''' (also known as the Lobster Operation; Portuguese: Guerra da Lagosta; French: Conflit de la langouste) was a dispute over spiny lobsters which occurred from 1961 to 1963 between Brazil and France. The Brazilian government refused to allow French fishing vessels to catch spiny lobsters 100 miles (160 km) off the Brazilian northeast coast, arguing that lobsters "crawl along the continental shelf", while the French maintained that "lobsters swim" and that, therefore, they might be caught by any fishing vessel from any country. The dispute was resolved unilaterally by Brazil, which extended its territorial waters to a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) zone, taking in the disputed lobsters' bed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, १० जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22519540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Henry Adams Thompson]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Henry A. Thompson.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Henry Adams Thompson''' (March 23, 1837 – July 8, 1920) was an American prohibitionist and professor who was the vice-presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party in 1880. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५४, १७ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22614498 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, २४ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22621333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:११, ७ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22758274 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bidriware]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bidriware''' is a metal handicraft from Bidar, India. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahamani Sultans. The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief centre for the manufacture of the unique metalware. Due to its striking inlay artwork, bidriware is an important export handicraft of India and is prized as a symbol of wealth. The metal used is a blackened alloy of zinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets of pure silver. This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२८, १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:Loktak Folklore Museum]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mni:ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:LOKTAK FOLKLORE MUSEUM.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Loktak Folklore Museum''' or the Thanga Folklore Museum is a folk museum in Thanga Island in the Loktak lake of Manipur. It cares for and displays a collection of artistic, cultural and historical artefacts associated with the Loktak lake. The museum preserves the folk customs and beliefs, folk medicines, folk literature associated with the Loktak lake. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam''' is located 3 kilometers north of Persepolis. It is the most impressive of eight Sasanian rock carvings cut into the cliff beneath the tombs of their Achaemenid predecessors <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:१२, २८ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)]]'''<br /><small>''([[:uk:День Державного Прапора України]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Flag of Ukraine.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> August 23 every year since 2004 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, ७ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22918026 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hermila Galindo]]'''<br /><small>''([[:es:Hermila Galindo]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Portrait of Hermila Galindo.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hermila Galindo Acosta''' (also known as Hermila Galindo de Topete) (2 June 1886 – 18 August 1954) was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०८, १४ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22964474 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Farn-Sasan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bronze coin of Farn-Sasan.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Farn-Sasan''' was the last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, ruling the region of Sakastan approximately from 210 to 226. Literary sources makes no mention of him, and he is only known through the coins he issued. He was defeated in 226 by the Sasanian ruler Ardashir I (r. 224–242), which marked the end of Indo-Parthian rule. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:१४, २१ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23020670 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dummy tank]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Inflatable dummy weapons - NARA - 292565.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Dummy tanks''' superficially resemble real tanks and are often deployed as a means of military deception in the absence of real tanks. Early designs included wooden shells and inflatable props that could fool enemy intelligence; they were fragile and only believable from a distance. Modern designs are more advanced and can imitate heat signatures, making them more effective illusions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, २८ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23058505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ankarana Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tsingy Ankarana Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ankarana Special Reserve''' in northern Madagascar was created in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, ११ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23120296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gwoździec Synagogue]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Synagoga w Gwoźdźcu]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Warszawa - synagoga z Gwoźdźca 2.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''synagogue''' was erected around 1650 in Gwoździec (Ukrainian: Гвіздець - Hvizdets), then in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today in the Kolomyia Raion, Ukraine. The building was seriously damaged in a fire during World War I. It was rebuilt in the interwar period, but destroyed completely by the Germans in 1941 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, १८ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23159940 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:School of the Air]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:SchooloftheAir.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''School of the Air''' is a generic term for correspondence schools catering for the primary and early secondary education of children in remote and outback Australia where some or all classes were historically conducted by radio, although this is now replaced by telephone and internet technology. In these areas, the school-age population is too small for a conventional school to be viable. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२२, २५ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23192890 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:K-ration]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:KRation Breakfast.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''K-ration''' was an individual daily combat food ration which was introduced by the United States Army during World War II. It was originally intended as an individually packaged daily ration for issue to airborne troops, tank crews, motorcycle couriers, and other mobile forces for short durations. The K-ration provided three separately boxed meal units: Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, ०९:४९, २ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cyrus the Great Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:7aban1394.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cyrus the Great Day''' (Persian: روز کوروش بزرگ, romanized: ruz-e kuroš-e bozorg) is an unofficial Iranian holiday that takes place on the seventh day of Aban, the eighth month of the Solar Hijri calendar (October 29th on the Gregorian calendar), to commemorate Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Persian Empire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४६, ९ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lift Every Voice and Sing]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lift Every Voice and Sing - U.S. Navy Band Southwest, Jacksonville, Fla.opus|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''''Lift Every Voice and Sing'''''" – often referred to as the Black national anthem in the United States – is a hymn with lyrics by James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) and set to music by his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954), for the anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's birthday in 1900 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, १६ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zangbeto]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zangbeto.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zangbeto''' are the traditional voodoo guardians of the night among the Ogu or Egun people of Benin, Togo and Nigeria. A traditional police and security institution, the Zangbeto cult is charged with the maintenance of law and order, and ensures safety and security within Ogu communities <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, ३० मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23338388 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trabala vishnou]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Trabala vishnou (Walker, 1855) Rose Myrtle Lappet Moth female Lasiocampidae (16076304697).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trabala vishnou''', the rose-myrtle lappet moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Pakistan, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Indonesia. Four subspecies are recognized. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, ६ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23366994 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tirumala septentrionis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Dark blue tiger (Tirumala septentrionis dravidarum).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tirumala septentrionis''', the dark blue tiger, is a danaid butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, १३ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23389957 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Statehood Day (Slovenia)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sl:Dan državnosti]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Statehood Day''' (Slovene: Dan državnosti) is a holiday that occurs on every 25 June in Slovenia to commemorate the country's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Although the formal declaration of independence did not come until 26 June 1991, Statehood Day is considered to be 25 June since that was the date on which the initial acts regarding independence were passed and Slovenia became independent <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:१७, २० जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23396992 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roll Out Solar Array]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:View of the ISS taken during Crew-2 flyaround (ISS066-E-080651).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Roll Out Solar Array''' (ROSA) and its larger version ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) are lightweight, flexible power sources designed by NASA to be deployed and used in space. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २७ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23436479 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Road Goes Ever On (song)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Hobbiton, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''The Road Goes Ever On'''" is a title that encompasses several walking songs that J. R. R. Tolkien wrote for his Middle-earth legendarium. Within the stories, the original song was composed by Bilbo Baggins and recorded in The Hobbit. Different versions of it also appear in The Lord of the Rings, along with some similar walking songs. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23473250 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Everard Calthrop]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Everard Richard Calthrop''' (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a "railway genius. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, ११ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Horodkivka Catholic Church RB.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka''' is a Roman Catholic religious building and an architectural monument of local importance in the village of Horodkivka (alternative spelling Gorodkivka), Andrushivka Raion, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. Horodkivka was called Khalaimgorodok before 1946 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, १८ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sack of Shamakhi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:تاراج شماخی]]) ''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sack of Shamakhi''' took place on 18 August 1721, when rebellious Sunni Lezgins, within the declining Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic). The initially successful counter-campaign was abandoned by the central government at a critical moment and with the threat then left unchecked, Shamakhi was taken by 15,000 Lezgin tribesmen, its Shia population massacred, and the city ransacked. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३१, २५ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lau Pa Sat]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Telok Ayer Market Above, June 2015.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lau Pa Sat''', also known as Telok Ayer Market, is a historic building located within the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a food court with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, १ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23601901 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''The Raggle Taggle Gypsy'''" (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, ८ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23635059 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Peroz I Kushanshah]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Extremely rare coin of Peroz I Kushanshah.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Peroz I Kushanshah''' was ruler of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 245 to 275. He was the successor of Ardashir I Kushanshah. He was an energetic ruler, who minted coins in Balkh, Herat, and Gandhara. Under him, the Kushano-Sasanians further expanded their domains into the west, pushing the weakened Kushan Empire to Mathura in North India. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, १५ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23661098 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:In the Arbour]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gierymski In the arbour.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''In the Arbour''''' (Polish: W altanie) is an oil painting created by Polish Realist painter Aleksander Gierymski in 1882. It is displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland. In the painting is shown a social gathering of a group of aristocrats portrayed in 18th-century clothes, which takes place on a summer day in a garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १७:३२, २२ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23685356 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:Imphal Peace Museum]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mni:ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Imphal Peace Museum.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Imphal Peace Museum''' (IPM) (Meitei: Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen, Japanese: インパール平和資料館, romanized: Inpāru heiwa shiryōkan) is a WWII museum at the foothills of the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching) in Manipur. It is a living memory of the Battle of Imphal and other WWII battles (March-July 1944) fought in Manipur. It is supported by the Nippon Foundation (TNF), a non profit grant making organization, collaborating with the Manipur Tourism Forum and the Government of Manipur. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, २९ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23722272 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Saint John Church of Sohrol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Holy SURP Hovhannes Church.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Church of Saint John''' (Armenian: Սուրբ Յովհաննէս Եկեղեցի) is a 5th or 6th century Armenian Catholic church in Sohrol, Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. It was rebuilt in 1840 by Samson Makintsev (Sam Khan; member of Bogatyr Battalion) in brick on the older church foundation. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३३, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23742791 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2022 Melilla incident]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Massacre de Melilla]]) ([[:es:Tragedia de la valla de Melilla]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On June 24, 2022, at least 37 migrants were killed at the Melilla border fence during a conflict with Moroccan and Spanish security forces. Conflict broke out as between 500 and 2,000 people gathered in the early hours of the day to cross the border with Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23818984 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:George W. Johnson (singer)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:George W. Johnson, 1898.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''George Washington Johnson''' (c. October 1846 – January 23, 1914) was an American singer and pioneer sound recording artist. Johnson was the first African American recording star of the phonograph <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५२, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23831378 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Meitei classical language movement]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''social movement of Meitei language''' (officially known as "Manipuri language") to achieve the officially recognised status of the "Classical language of India" is advocated by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India (prominently Assam, Manipur and Tripura). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:४०, १० अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23857591 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Urânia Vanério]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Urânia Vanério]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Urânia Vanério de Argollo Ferrão''' (Salvador, 14 December 1811 — 3 December 1849) was a Brazilian teacher, writer and translator. In her childhood she witnessed the conflict between Brazilian and Portuguese troops in early 1822, in the context of the Bahia's Independence process, which led her to write the poem "Lamentos de uma Baiana..." ("Laments of a girl from Bahia"). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:१७, १७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23857591 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pagoda of the Celestial Lady]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:ThienMuPagoda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Pagoda of the Celestial Lady''' (Vietnamese: Chùa Thiên Mụ; also called Linh Mụ Pagoda) is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam. Its iconic seven-story pagoda is regarded as the unofficial symbol of the city, and the temple has often been the subject of folk rhymes and ca dao about Huế. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३७, २४ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23972116 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women in Qatar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Shaikha Khalaf Al Mohammed, Mehbubeh Akhlaghi, Bahya Al-Hamad 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Women's rights in Qatar''' are restricted by the country's male guardianship law and influenced by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam. Both women and men were enfranchised in the country at the same time, in 1999. Labour force participation rates of Qatari women are above the world average and among the highest in the Arab World, which comes mainly as a result of an increasing number of Qatari women who are attaining academic degrees. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५९, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23991876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Truck art in South Asia]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PK Truck on N-5 near Thatta asv2020-02 img2.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Truck art in South Asia''' is a popular form of regional decoration, with trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns and calligraphy. It is especially common in Pakistan and India. During the War in Afghanistan, Pakistani decorated trucks that ran services between Pakistan and Afghanistan came to be known as jingle trucks by American troops and contractors who were deployed across the latter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23991876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gorgany Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:uk:Ґорґани (заповідник)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gorgany Syniak.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Gorgany Nature Reserve''' (Ukrainian: Ґорґани заповідник) is a strict nature reserve (a 'zapovidnyk') of Ukraine that covers a part of the Gorgany mountain range of the Outer Eastern Carpatians in southwest Ukraine. The reserve is 46% old-growth forest, one of the last and largest such stands in Europe. The reserve was originally created in 1996 to protect relic stands of Stone pine trees (Pinus cembra). The reserve is administratively in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३४, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24059284 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pizza quattro formaggi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Pizza ai quattro formaggi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pizza quattro formaggi at restaurant, Chalk Farm Road, London.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pizza quattro formaggi''' (four cheese pizza) is a variety of pizza in Italian cuisine that is topped with a combination of four kinds of cheese, usually melted together, with (rossa, red) or without (bianca, white) tomato sauce. It is popular worldwide, including in Italy, and is one of the iconic items from pizzerias' menus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४६, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24072249 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Glasgow]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reiterstatue des Duke of Wellington (Glasgow)]]) ([[:es:Estatua de Wellington]]) ([[:ja:ウェリントン公爵騎馬像 (グラスゴー)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Statue of the Duke of Wellington on his horse Copenhagen unveiled in front of the Royal Exchange, in Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow in 1844.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''equestrian statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington''' located outside the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland, is one of Glasgow's most iconic landmarks. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24120650 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Woman with Child]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:A Mulher Negra]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Eckhout, Albert - Mulher Africana.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Black Woman with Child''' is a circa 1650 full-length portrait painting by Albert Eckhout. It is in the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24120650 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zakia Khudadadi]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zakia Khudadadi''' also spelt as Zakia Khodadadi (Pashto: ذکیه خدادادی; born 29 September 1998) is an Afghan parataekwondo practitioner. She is the first Afghan female taekwondo practitioner. She rose to prominence after winning the African International Parataekwondo Championship in 2016 at the age of 18. She represented Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She was initially denied the opportunity to compete at her maiden Paralympics due to the Taliban takeover but she was later allowed by the International Paralympic Committee to compete in the event after being safely evacuated from Afghanistan. She was able to compete and became the first Afghan female Paralympic competitor to compete at the Paralympics after 17 years since Mareena Karim's participation at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She also officially became the first Afghan female sportsperson to participate in an international sporting event after the Taliban takeover. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, ९ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24306136 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Léopoldville riots]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Léopoldville riots damage.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Léopoldville riots''' were an outbreak of civil disorder in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa) in the Belgian Congo which took place in January 1959 and which were an important moment for the Congolese independence movement. The rioting occurred when members of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) political party were not allowed to assemble for a protest and colonial authorities reacted harshly. The exact death toll is not known, but at least 49 people were killed and total casualties may have been as high as 500. Following these riots, a round table conference was organized in Brussels to negotiate the terms of Congo's independence, The Congo received its independence on 30 June 1960, becoming the Republic of the Congo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२३, १६ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24351847 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24491747 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides "last mile" delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24515453 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २० फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24581813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24617511 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३२, ६ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24636259 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १३ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24700408 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१६, २० मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24720571 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, २७ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24758626 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५१, १७ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४०, २४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland. Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States. She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:०९, १ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२२, ८ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24966177 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०२, १५ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25000361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३१, २९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25074014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, ५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date "remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५२, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25177056 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, ३ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25241057 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५९, १७ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25266525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, २४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25318972 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३३, ३१ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25380210 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.& R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:५९, ७ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25410866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:"Doings in Pittsburg Society" The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३६, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Insektengift]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१७, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३४, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:२३, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25599361 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, १६ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> ==[[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} विकिपिडियाबाट हटाइने अनुरोध गर्दै, [[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा]]मा, एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यो दुई वा धेरै [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार]] अन्तर्गत गरिएको छ, जसलाई छलफल बिनै कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। यदि पृष्ठले यी कुनै पनि कडाईका-साथ-परिभाषित मापदण्ड पूरा गर्दछ भने, यो एक प्रशासकद्वारा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ। यसलाई चिनो लगाइनुका कारणहरू निम्न छन्: *यो एकदम छोटो, कम वा कुनै प्रसङ्ग पाठकलाई प्रदान नगर्ने लेख हो। ([[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#ले१|ले१]] हेर्नुहोस्।) कृपया छोटो लेख न्यूनतम मापदण्डको लागि हाम्रो जानकारी [[विकिपिडिया:अपूर्ण लेख|अपूर्ण लेखहरू]] हेर्नुहोस्। साथै कृपया नोट गर्नुहोस् कि लेख [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|उल्लेखनीय]] विषयहरूमा हुनुपर्दछ र उनीहरूको सामग्रीले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमाणिकता|प्रमाणित]] गर्ने भरपर्दो स्रोतहरूको सन्दर्भ प्रदान गर्नुपर्दछ। *यो एक व्यक्ति, संगठन (ब्यान्ड, क्लब, कम्पनी, ''इत्यादि''), व्यक्तिगत जनावर, वा वेब सामग्रीको बारेमा देखा पर्दछ, तर यसले विषय कसरी महत्वपूर्ण छ वा महत्त्वपूर्ण छैन भनेर संकेत गर्दैन: त्यो हो, किन यस विषयको लेख एक विश्वकोशमा समावेश गर्नुपर्दछ। ([[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#ले७|ले७]] हेर्नुहोस्।) यस्ता लेख कुनै पनि समय मेट्न सकिन्छ। [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|उल्लेखनीय]] कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|सामान्यतया उल्लेखनीय रूपमा के स्वीकार गरिन्छ त्यसका लागि दिशानिर्देश]] हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] २०:३६, २२ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३५, २३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christiaan Hendrik "Hein" Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५४, ३० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२५, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''" (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called "Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe" (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२३, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur. The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means "gathering, meeting of a group" and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, ०९:५२, २० नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२९, २७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१९, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25921616 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:११, ११ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25925561 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25951007 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, २५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25971304 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26033876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५६, १५ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४७, २२ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४८, २९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26149847 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०८, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26169542 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:४५, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26187446 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the "'''grave with the little hands'''" is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:०९, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१५, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called "The Black Patti" in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, ४ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26313143 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an "anti-coup" or a "counter-coup" (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, ११ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४५, २५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26447450 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:००, १ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26509189 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३२, ८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26550154 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३८, १५ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26565118 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, २२ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१२, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२४, १३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26755244 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Turlough]])&#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१६, २० मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26789673 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३३, २७ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५९, ३ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१४, १७ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates & immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४८, २४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called "machine grounds". Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२९, १ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, ८ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:००, १५ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, २२ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२९, २९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, ५ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, १२ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, १९ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:०४, २६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२७, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:१४, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:०१, १४ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२३, २१ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५०, २८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०२, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५४, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३८, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, २५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, ९ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३०, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२२, ३० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४१, ६ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १३ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०५, २० जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१५, २७ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०६, ३ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०६, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०८, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३५, ३ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३५, १० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, १७ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, २४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:३७, ३१ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, ७ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१२, १४ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४२, २८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१४, ५ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१३, १२ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, १९ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:४९, २६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:२४, २ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, ९ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १६ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०३, २३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५०, ३० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५५, ७ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२९, १४ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१३, २१ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२५, २८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०६, ४ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०५, ११ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, १८ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, २५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२५, १ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१३, ८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३०, २२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४३, २९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:३३, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:५१, १३ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, २० अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३६, २७ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, १० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:४६, १ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१४, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, १५ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:११, २२ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०५, २९ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४५, ५ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३०, १२ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५९, १९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५१, २६ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१७, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४४, ९ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:३०, १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२८, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१६, ९ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, १६ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५२, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> ==[[:नेलाङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:नेलाङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:नेलाङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०५, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) ==[[:इन्टोसाइ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:इन्टोसाइ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:इन्टोसाइ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२२, ३० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:१२, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४१, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१९, २० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०१, ४ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३८, ११ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५०, २१ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१७, २५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४०, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०५, ८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १५ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१६, १८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, २२ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:२९, २९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२०, ६ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०५, १३ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, २० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४५, २७ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30849684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:५६, ३ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30879613 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca. Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo. Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १० अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30889664 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, १७ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:००, २४ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, ३१ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30988228 --> 5ij14uf8ct77dirdkm6ic1rjcbg577c 0 92408 1372807 1331744 2026-08-30T18:21:22Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building |name= बाग दरबार |image=Bagh Durbar.jpg |caption= |map_type= |latitude= |longitude= |iso_region= |location_town= [[काठमाडौँ]] |location_country= नेपाल |architect= |client=[[महोद्दामकीर्ति शाह|महोद्दामकीर्ति शाह]]<br>[[भीमसेन थापा]], [[अमरसिंह थापा (सानुकाजी)]], <br>[[नेपाल सरकार]]<br>[[माथवरसिंह थापा]]<br>[[जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]<br>[[अधिराजकुमार उपेन्द्र]]<br>[[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]]<br>[[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादर राणा]]<br>[[नेपाल सरकार]] |engineer= |construction_start_date= |completion_date= |date_demolished= |cost= अज्ञात |structural_system= ईँट र गिलेवा |style= नवशास्त्रीय वास्तुकला एवम् मुगल वास्तुकला |size= }} '''बाग दरबार''' [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाण्डौ]]मा अवस्थित ( थापा ) दरबार हो। दरबार क्षेत्र [[धरहरा]]को पश्चिम पट्टि निर्मित उक्त दरबारमा विभिन्न बगैंचा, भवन तथा मन्दिरहरू रहेको छ । [[अमरसिंह थापा (सानुकाजी)]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को निवास रहेको उक्त दरबारलाई पछिल्लो समयमा [[शाह वंश]] र [[नेपाल सरकार]]ले नियन्त्रणमा लिए ।<ref name="PurushottamShamsher2007">{{cite book |last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=2007 |title=Ranakalin Pramukh Atihasik Darbarharu|trans-title=Chief Historical Palaces of the Rana Era|url=http://www.amazon.com/Ranakalin-Pramukh-Atihasik-Darbarharu-Historical/dp/B00CWSP1U2/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8|language=Nepali|location= |publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=978-9994611027|access-date=2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.himalkhabar.com/102691|title=मजलिसको आँखा– १४ (बागदरबारका दुई मन्दिर)|last=दीक्षित|first=कमल|date=जेठ ९, २०७२|website=हिमाल खबर|accessdate=जेठ २, २०७९}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030027/http://archive.himalkhabar.com/102691 |date=2023-10-03 }}</ref> {{multiple image | background color = #BBDD99 | width =160 | image1 = Bag Durbar.jpg | alt1 = ऐतिहासिक तस्विर | image2 = Bagh Durbar Stair.jpg | alt2 = बाग दरबारको मुख्य भर्याङ | image3 = Kathmandu Bhimsen Tower, Ram Chandra Temples and Bag Durbar.jpg | alt3 = बाग दरबार, रामचन्द्र मन्दिर, धरहरा १९३५ अघि | image4 = Bagh Palace.jpg | alt4 = बाग दरबारको किनारा दृश्य | footer_background = #BBDD99 | footer_align = center | footer = बाग दरबार }} ==इतिहास== यस दरबार काठमाडौँको केन्द्रमा अवस्थित छ ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shankerhotel.com.np/blog/2014/10/19/the-historic-durbars-of-kathmandu/|title=THE HISTORIC DURBARS OF KATHMANDU|date=2014-10-19|accessdate=2015-06-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705215035/http://www.shankerhotel.com.np/blog/2014/10/19/the-historic-durbars-of-kathmandu |date=2015-07-05 }}</ref> === शाहकालीन् वि.सं १८२५ -१८६१ === तत्कालीन [[मकवानपुर गढी|मकवानपुर]] विजयपछी मकवानपुरले चर्चेको तराई भेगको प्रशासक भएर बसेका [[महोद्दामकीर्ति शाह|महोद्दामकीर्ति शाहले]] मकवानपुरको राजा हुने दाबीलाई [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|पृथ्वीनारायण]]ले भाइभतिजालाई श्रीपेच बाँड्न विभाजित र टुक्रे राज्यलाई एउटै राज्यमा मिलाएको होइन भनेर सातो लिए पनि उनले राजा हुन्छु भनेर श्रीपेच नै बनाएको खबर [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह बस्नेत]]ले पृथ्वीनारायणलाई पठाइदिएपछि ‘''त्यसो गरिस् भने तेरा आँखा झिकिदिन्छु''’ भनेर गाली गरेपछि महोद्दामकीर्ति बिभिन्डिएर हिँडेपछि उनलाई खुसी पार्न रोजेको दरबार दिइएको थियो । महोद्दामकीर्तिलाई काठमाडौँमा उपलब्ध मध्य [[हनुमानढोका दरबार संरक्षित स्मारकक्षेत्र|हनुमानढोका दरबार]]पछिको सबैभन्दा भव्य वाग–बगैंचाले सुशोभित, [[टुँडिखेल]]को पश्चिम दक्षिणतिर रहेको भव्य र सुन्दर महल दिएका थिए । मनमोहक वाग–बगैंचाको आवादीभित्रको महल हुनाले उक्त महल वाग महल (दरबार) का नामले चिनिन्थ्यो । पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अर्का भाइ [[दलमर्दन शाह|दलमर्दन]]लाई अहिलेको [[न्यु रोड, काठमाडौँ|जुद्ध सडक]]बाट [[इन्द्रचोक, काठमाडौँ|इन्द्रचोक]] जाने बाटोको धर्मपथको भवन दिएका थिए । [[भीमसेन थापा]]ले महोद्दामकीर्ति र [[दलमर्दन शाह|दलमर्दन]]का नाबालक नाति र छोराहरू वीरभद्र, भीमप्रताप, भीमरुद्र र कुलचन्द्र शाहहरूको आँखा फुटाएर उनीहरूलाई [[भण्डारखाल]]मा कैद गरे । वीरभद्रहरूको भव्य वागदरबार विसं १८६१ फागुन २८ [[भीमसेन थापा]]ले कब्जा गरे ।<ref>https://www.kantipurdaily.com/koseli/2018/08/11/153395725988514350.html</ref> === थापाकालीन वि.सं १८६१- १९०२ === [[थापा वंश|थापा भारदार परिवार]]को निजी निवास रहेको यो दरबारको निर्माण सन् १८०५ मा [[भीमसेन थापा]]ले गरेका हुन् । [[थापाथली दरबार]]मा पनि केही थापाहरूको बसोबास थियो । यस दरबार [[हनुमान ढोका|बसन्तपुर दरबार]] नजिकै रहेको थियो । सन् १८३७ मा नेपाल सरकारले यो दरबार जफत गरेको थियो भने सन् १८४३ मा उक्त भारदार परिवारका ज्येष्ठ [[माथवरसिंह थापा]]ले पुन: फिर्ता लिएका थिए ।<ref name="PurushottamShamsher2007" /> सन् १९०२ मा उनको हत्या गर्दै [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर राणा]]ले कब्जा गरे । === राणाकालीन वि.सं १९०३ === वि सं १९०७ फागुन ६ गते बेलायत भ्रमण गरी [[बमबहादुर राणा|बमबहादुर]]ले आफ्नो समेत सहभागी भएको [[बद्री नरसिंह राणा|बद्रीनरसिंह]], जयबहादुर, करवीर खत्री , माहिला साहेबज्यू [[उपेन्द्रविक्रम शाह|उपेन्द्रविक्रम]] लगायतका मानिसले [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर]]को हत्या गर्ने षड्यन्त्रको भण्डाफोर गरे । माहिला साहेबज्यू [[उपेन्द्रविक्रम शाह|उपेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]]लाई पहिले [[भक्तपुर दरबार क्षेत्र|भक्तपुर दरबार]] र पछि बागदरबारमा निगरानीसाथ राखे । [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीरशमशेर]]को विवाह माहिला साहेबज्यूकी छोरीसँग भएको हुँदा उनको भयो । [[विसं १९९० को महाभूकम्प|१९९० को भुकम्प]]मा क्षतिग्रस्त भएको यो दरबार वि सं १९९७ सालमा [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शमशेर]]ले पुननिर्माण गराए । पछि उनका छोरा [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरि शमशेर]] बस्न लागे। बागदरबार अहिलेको [[सुन्धारा]]देखि [[त्रिपुरेश्वर]]सम्म  फैलिएको थियो। त्यहीँको जमिनमा पछि [[हाडनाता करणी]]मा परेका भद्र शमशेरलाई राख्न बनाइएको जेल अहिले [[भद्रगोल जेल]]का नामले चिनिन्छ । ==नामाङ्करण== यस दरबारको नामाङ्करण [[माथवरसिंह थापा]]द्वारा दरबारको अघिल्तिर राखिएको बाघको खोरबाट हो भन्ने एक भनाइ मानिएको छ ।<ref name="PurushottamShamsher2007"/><ref>http://www.thetaranights.com/baghdurbar-the-tiger-palace/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110140138/https://www.thetaranights.com/baghdurbar-the-tiger-palace/ |date=2019-01-10 }}</ref> ''बाग'' शब्दको अर्थ बगैंचा हो र यसको नामाङ्करण पनि ''बगैंचाको दरबार'' भन्ने अर्थमा भएको पनि हुनसक्छ । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== *[[थापाथली दरबार]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका चर्चित भवनहरू]] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँका दरबारहरू]] ravj0gzff738sp7goecardqsrwe3qe9 0 92434 1372821 1365457 2026-08-31T00:39:45Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building |name= लाजिम्पाट दरबार |image=Hotel Shanker in the 1970, post refurbishment.jpg |caption= लाजिम्पाट दरबार (राणा शासनमा अग्नि भवन भनियो) |map_type= |latitude= |longitude= |iso_region= काठमाण्डौ |location_town= [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाण्डौ]] |location_country= नेपाल |architect= पछिल्लो संरचना [[जोगबीर स्थापित|जोगवीर स्थापित]]द्वारा |client=''काजी'' [[वीरकेशर पाँडे]], [[वीर शम्शेर जबरा]] |engineer= |construction_start_date= |completion_date=१८९४ |date_demolished= |cost= अज्ञात |structural_system= ईँट र गिलेवा |style= नवशास्त्रीय वास्तुकला एवम् युरोपेली वास्तुकला |size= }} '''लाजिम्पाट दरबार''', वा '''अग्नि भवन''' काठमाडौंमा स्थित एक [[पाँडे वंश]]को दरबार थियो जसलाई [[राणा शासन|राणावंश]]ले हत्यायो । यो दरबार काजी [[वीरकेशर पाँडे]]को निज निवास थियो । जुन पछि वीर शम्शेर र त्यसपछि अग्नि शम्शेरले लिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.himalkhabar.com/97173|title=मजलिसको आँखा–१०, लाजिम्पाट दरबार–शंकरहोटेल|last=दीक्षित|first=कमल|date=फाल्गुण ३०, २०७१|website=हिमाल खबर|accessdate=जेठ २, २०७९}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==इतिहास== दरबार नारायणहिटी राजदरबार नजिकै अवस्थित छ ।<ref name="THE HISTORIC DURBARS OF KATHMANDU">{{cite web|url=http://www.shankerhotel.com.np/blog/2014/10/19/the-historic-durbars-of-kathmandu/|title=THE HISTORIC DURBARS OF KATHMANDU|date=2014-10-19|accessdate=2015-06-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705215035/http://www.shankerhotel.com.np/blog/2014/10/19/the-historic-durbars-of-kathmandu |date=2015-07-05 }}</ref> ===पाँडे वंश=== जसरी थापाथली [[थापा वंश]]को थलो थियो त्यसरी नै [[लाजिम्पाट]] [[पाँडे वंश]]को थलो थियो । [[कोत पर्व]]पश्चात राणावंशी शासकहरूका मामा काजी कर्णेल त्रिविक्रम सिंह थापाले यस दरबार कब्जा गरे र २८ वर्ष सन् १८७५ सम्म बसोबास गरे ।<ref name="PurushottamShamsher2007">{{cite book |last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=2007 |title=Ranakalin Pramukh Atihasik Darbarharu|trans-title=Chief Historical Palaces of the Rana Era|url=http://www.amazon.com/Ranakalin-Pramukh-Atihasik-Darbarharu-Historical/dp/B00CWSP1U2/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8|language=Nepali|location= |publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=978-9994611027|access-date=2015 }}</ref> === राणावंश=== [[File:Agni Bhawan (Hotel Shanker, Kathmandu after 1964).jpg|thumb|लाजिम्पाट दरबार (अग्निभवन पनि भनिन्छ) १९६४ पश्चात]] मामा काजी कर्णेल त्रिविक्रम सिंह थापाले सन् १८७५ मा बनारस प्रस्थान गरे । सन् १८८६ मा [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीरशम्शेर]]ले आफ्नो भाइ जीत शम्शेरका लागि पुरानो भवन भत्काइ नयाँ भवन बनाए । जीत शम्शेरको देहान्त सन् १९१३ मा भएपछि [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शम्शेर]]का छोरा अग्निशम्शेरले पाए । त्यसैले यो भवनलाई '''अग्निभवन''' पनि भनिन्छ ।<ref name="THE HISTORIC DURBARS OF KATHMANDU"/> अग्निशम्शेरको देहान्त भएपछि यस भवनलाई होटल शङ्करमा परिणत गरियो ।<ref name="PurushottamShamsher2007"/> ==होटल शङ्कर== [[File:Shanker.jpg|thumb|होटल शङ्कर जुन पहिले लाजिम्पाट दरबार थियो]] होटल शङ्कर जुन पहिले लाजिम्पाट दरबार थियो । पछिल्लो संरचना [[राणा शासन]]मा [[जोगबीर स्थापित|जोगवीर स्थापित]]द्वारा वीर शम्शेरको लागि बनाइयो। ==स्रोतहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:सम्पदाहरू]] 9kgg9ka4yqmg5cxd8lhaz4ad6wley5s 0 94421 1372791 1361021 2026-08-30T12:27:45Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info --> |name = नवलपुर |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = [[जिल्ला]] |motto = <!-- images and maps --> |image_skyline = नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png |image_caption = नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) जिल्लाको प्रशासनिक विभाजन |imagesize = 300px |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Shashwat Dham Nepal.jpg |mapsize = |map_caption = [[देवचुली नगरपालिका|देवचुली]] स्थित [[शास्वत धाम]] |pushpin_map = Nepal Gandaki Pradesh#Nepal |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300px |pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] |subdivision_type3 = [[मुख्यालय|सदरमुकाम]] |subdivision_name3 = [[कावासोती नगरपालिका|कावासोती]] <!-- Politics --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|स्थानीय सरकार]] |governing_body = [[जिल्ला सभा]] |leader_party = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |established_title = स्थापना |established_date = २०७४ <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 1426.27 |area_total_sq_mi = <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|२०७८]]| |population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=4&district=43|title=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८ नतिजा|author=|website=केन्द्रीय तथ्याङ्क विभाग|date=|accessdate=२३ भदौ २०८१|language=नेपाली|work=|publisher=}}</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 378079 |population_density_km2 = 265 |population_blank1_title = जातीयता |population_blank1 = [[ब्राह्मण]] <br/> [[क्षेत्री]] <br/> [[थारू जाति|थारू]] |population_blank2_title = मुख्य भाषा |population_blank2 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] <br/> [[अवधी भाषा|अवधी]]<br/> [[थारू भाषा|थारू]] |timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] |utc_offset = +५:४५ |postal_code = |area_code = +९७७-७८ |blank_name = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस केन्द्र]] |blank_info = [[कावासोती नगरपालिका|कावासोती]] |website = {{URL|https://dccnawalparasieast.gov.np/}} |footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' वा '''नवलपुर जिल्ला''' [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]]का ११ [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref>{{cite news|title=अब ७५ होइन ७७ जिल्ला|url=http://www.nagariknews.com/news/26399/|accessdate=७ आश्विन २०७४|date=१८ भदौ २०७४}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=नवलपुर छुट्टै जिल्ला बन्छ : प्रधानमन्त्री शेर बहादुर देउवा|url=http://www.nawalpurfm.com.np/news-details/205/2017-07-08|accessdate=२०७४ आश्विन ७|date=२०७४ असार २४}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913042843/http://nawalpurfm.com.np/news-details/205/2017-07-08 |date=2017-09-13 }}</ref> २०१८ सालमा पूर्वको नवलपुर र पश्चिमको परासी क्षेत्र गाभेर बनाइएको जिल्लालाई फेरि २०७४ सालमा अलग्याइ छुट्टा छुट्टै नवलपुर अर्थात् नवलपरासी बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व र [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) जिल्ला|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम)]] बनाइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=पूर्वी नवलपरासीको नाम नवलपुर जिल्ला र सदरमुकाम कावासोतीमा राख्ने निर्णय|url=http://kantipur.ekantipur.com/news/2017-09-22/20170922203515.html|accessdate=आश्विन ७, २०७४|publisher=[[कान्तिपुर दैनिक|कान्तिपुर]]|work=नारायण शर्मा|date=आश्विन ६, २०७४}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922180515/http://kantipur.ekantipur.com/news/2017-09-22/20170922203515.html |date=2017-09-22 }}</ref> ==परिचय== वि.सं २०१८ सालमा पूर्व नवलपुर र पश्चिम परासी क्षेत्रलाई गाभेर [[नवलपरासी जिल्ला]] कायम गरिएको थियो। यसअघि [[रुपन्देही जिल्ला]]को पाल्ही माझखण्डको रुपमा चिनिने नवलपरासी जिल्ला ५४ वर्षपछि पुनः पूर्व र पश्चिममा विभाजित भएको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जिल्लाको संक्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://daonawalparasiwest.moha.gov.np/page/para-caya|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}</ref> [[सरकार]]ले [[संविधान]]अनुसार [[नवलपरासी जिल्ला|नवलपरासी]]लाई [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] र [[लुम्बिनी प्रदेश]] मा विभाजन गरे पनि जिल्लाको नाम र जिल्ला सदरमुकामको नाम टुङ्गो लगाएको थिएन। सरकारले गण्डकी प्रदेशमा पर्ने नवलरासीको भाग सुस्तादेखि बर्दघाट पश्चिमको भागलाई नवलपरासी (क) र सुस्तादेखि बर्दघाट पूर्वको क्षेत्रलाई नवलपरासी (ख) मानेको थियो। २०७२ साल असोज तीन गते जारी भएको नेपालको संविधानले ५४ वर्षपछि नवलपरासीलाई पूर्व नवलपुर र पश्चिम परासीमा विभाजन गरेको थियो<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पूर्वी नवलपरासी अब ‘नवलपुर’|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-26/20170926091117.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}</ref> भने २०७४ साल असोज २९ गतेका दिन नेपाल सरकार मन्त्रिपरिषदको बैठकले नवलपुरको सदरमुकाम [[कावासोती नगरपालिका|कावासोती]] राख्ने आधिकारिक निर्णय गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=नवलपरासी टुक्राएर दुई जिल्ला बनाउन प्रधानमन्त्री सकारात्मक|url=http://kathmandutoday.com/2017/07/258094.html|accessdate=२०७४ आश्विन ७|publisher=काठमाडौँ टुडे|date=२०७४ असार २५}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926163352/http://kathmandutoday.com/2017/07/258094.html |date=2017-09-26 }}</ref> == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा ४ नगरपालिका र ४ गाउँपालिकाहरू गरि ८ वटा [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तह]]हरू रहेका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref name = "nawalpur">{{cite web |url= http://citypopulation.de/php/nepal-mun-admin.php?adm1id=76 |title=सहरको जनसङ्ख्या– तथ्याङ्क, नक्सा र तालिका |date=8 October 2017 |website=www.citypopulation.de |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तहहरू !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग किमी) |- |१ |[[कावासोती नगरपालिका]] |[[शिवमन्दिर]], [[पिठौली, नवलपरासी|पिठौली]], [[अग्यौली]] र [[कुमारवर्ती]] |१७ |कावासोती |८६,८२१ |१०८.३४ |८०० |- |२ |[[गैँडाकोट नगरपालिका]] |[[गैँडाकोट नगरपालिका|गैँडाकोट]], [[मुकुन्दपुर]], [[अमरापुरी]] र [[रतनपुर]] |१८ |[[गैँडाकोट नगरपालिका|गैँडाकोट]] |७९,३४९ |१५९.९३ |५०० |- |३ |[[देवचुली नगरपालिका]] |[[देवचुली नगरपालिका|देवचुली]], [[प्रगतीनगर]], [[दिव्यपुरी]] र [[रजहर]] |१७ |[[प्रगतीनगर]] |५८,००३ |११२.७२ |५१० |- |४ |[[मध्यविन्दु नगरपालिका]] |[[तमसरिया]], [[नारायणी, नवलपरासी|नारायणी]], [[कोल्हुवा]], [[मैनाघाट]], [[राकाचुली]] (१-५), [[प्रसौनी, नवलपरासी|प्रसौनी]] र [[नयाँ बेल्हानी]] (१-७,९) |१५ |चोरमारा बजार |६१,०९१ |२३३.३५ |२६० |- |५ |[[बुलिङटार गाउँपालिका]] |[[कोटथर]], [[डाडाझेरी टाडी]], [[बुलिङटार]], [[उपल्लो अर्खला]], [[जौबारी, नवलपरासी|जौबारी]] (४-९) र [[भारतीपुर]] |६ |[[बुलिङटार गाउँपालिका|बुलिङटार]] |१४,६३७ |१४७.६८ |९९ |- |६ |[[बौदीकाली गाउँपालिका]] |[[जौबारी, नवलपरासी|जौबारी]] (१-३), [[मिथुकरम]], [[डेढगाउँ]], [[रकुवा]], [[रुचाङ]] र [[नरम, नवलपरासी|नरम]] |६ |[[डेढगाउँ]] |११,३३८ |९१.७८ |१२० |- |७ |[[हुप्सेकोट गाउँपालिका]] |[[हुप्सेकोट]], [[धौबादी]] र [[देउराली, नवलपरासी|देउराली]] |६ |[[देउराली, नवलपरासी|देउराली]] |२६,५८३ |१८९.२१ |१४० |- |८ |[[विनयी त्रिवेणी गाउँपालिका]] |[[त्रिवेणी सुस्ता]] (१-३,५-९), [[दुम्किबास]], [[राकाचुली]] (६-९), [[बेणिमणिपुर]] र [[धुर्कोट]] (१-५,९) |७ |[[दुम्किबास]] |३८,३७० |२८८.०६ |१३० |} [[चित्र:नवलपरासी जिल्लाका गाविसहरू.png|अङ्गुठाकार|नवलपरासी जिल्लाका पूर्व गाविसहरूको नक्सा]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == {{नवलपुर जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गण्डकी प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भित्री मधेशका जिल्लाहरू]] 1d2a0crokowclsjya9r85c9j50zatvn 0 94425 1372790 1324699 2026-08-30T12:27:36Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info --> |name = नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = [[जिल्ला]] |motto = <!-- images and maps --> |image_skyline = |image_caption = नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) [[जिल्ला]]को प्रशासनिक विभाजन |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map =Nawalparasi West Province5 locator.png |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = नेपाल |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption = नेपालको नक्सामा नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[लुम्बिनी प्रदेश]] |subdivision_type3 = [[मुख्यालय|सदरमुकाम]] |subdivision_name3 = [[रामग्राम नगरपालिका|रामग्राम]] <!-- Politics --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|स्थानीय सरकार]] |governing_body = [[जिल्ला सभा]] |leader_party = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |established_title = स्थापना |established_date = २०७४ <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 735.73 |area_total_sq_mi = <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = २०७४ |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 318544 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = जातीयता |population_blank1 = [[ब्राह्मण]], [[क्षेत्री]], [[थारू जाति|थारू]] |population_blank2_title = मुख्य भाषा |population_blank2 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]], [[अवधी भाषा|अवधी]], [[थारू भाषा|थारू]] |timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] |utc_offset = +५:४५ |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = | latd = 27 |latm = 32 |lats = |latNS = N | longd = 83 |longm = 40 |longs = |longEW = E | coor_pinpoint = नेपाल | coordinates_type = type:district(318544)_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- elevation --> | elevation_max_m = 1936 | elevation_min_m = 91 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = +९७७-७८ |blank_name = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस केन्द्र]] |blank_info = [[परासी]] |website = |footnotes = }} '''नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम)''' नेपालको एक जिल्लाको हो।<ref>{{cite news|title=अब ७५ होइन ७७ जिल्ला|url=http://www.nagariknews.com/news/26399/|accessdate=७ आश्विन २०७४|date=१८ भदौ २०७४}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=नवलपुर छुट्टै जिल्ला बन्छ : प्रधानमन्त्री शेर बहादुर देउवा|url=http://www.nawalpurfm.com.np/news-details/205/2017-07-08|accessdate=२०७४ आश्विन ७|date=२०७४ असार २४}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913042843/http://nawalpurfm.com.np/news-details/205/2017-07-08 |date=2017-09-13 }}</ref> २०१८ सालमा पूर्बको नवलपुर र पश्चिमको परासी क्षेत्र गाभेर बनाइएको जिल्लालाई फेरि २०७४ सालमा अलग्याइ छुट्टा छुट्टै [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) जिल्ला|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व)]] र नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) बनाइएको हो ।<ref>{{cite news|title=पूर्वी नवलपरासीको नाम नवलपुर जिल्ला र सदरमुकाम कावासोतीमा राख्ने निर्णय|url=http://kantipur.ekantipur.com/news/2017-09-22/20170922203515.html|accessdate=आश्विन ७, २०७४|publisher=[[कान्तिपुर दैनिक|कान्तिपुर]]|work=नारायण शर्मा|date=आश्विन ६, २०७४}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922180515/http://kantipur.ekantipur.com/news/2017-09-22/20170922203515.html |date=2017-09-22 }}</ref> यस जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम [[रामग्राम नगरपालिका|रामग्राम]]मा अवस्थित छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=नवलपरासी टुक्राएर दुई जिल्ला बनाउन प्रधानमन्त्री सकारात्मक|url=http://kathmandutoday.com/2017/07/258094.html|accessdate=२०७४ आश्विन ७|publisher=काठमाडौँ टुडे|date=२०७४ असार २५}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926163352/http://kathmandutoday.com/2017/07/258094.html |date=2017-09-26 }}</ref> यसअघि ३ असोज २०७२ मा, नेपालले प्रशासनिक विभाजनको पुनर्निर्माण गरेपछि [[नवलपरासी जिल्ला]]लाई [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) जिल्ला|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व)]] र नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) गरि दुई जिल्लामा विभाजित गरेको थियो। यस जिल्लाको जिल्लाको कुल क्षेत्रफल ६३४.८८ वर्ग किलोमिटर (२४५.१३ वर्ग माइल) रहेको छ भने यस जिल्लाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या सन् २०६८ को जनगणना अनुसार, ३,२१,०५८ रहेको छ। यहाँका ५५.७१% ले भोजपुरी, २६.८३% [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]], ८.७३% थारु, ३.३३% मैथिली, २.८०% मगर र १.१७% [[गुरुङ भाषा|गुरुङ]]लाई भाषा बोल्दछन्।<ref name = "Nawalparasi">{{cite web |url= http://citypopulation.de/php/nepal-mun-admin.php?adm1id=48 |title=CITY POPULATION– statistics, maps & charts |date=8 October 2017 |website=www.citypopulation.de |access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा ३ नगरपालिका र ४ गाउँपालिकाहरू गरि ७ वटा [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तह]]हरू रहेका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तहहरू !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग किमी) |- |१ |[[बर्दघाट नगरपालिका]] |[[माकर]], [[पञ्चनगर]],[[धुर्कोट]] (७,८), [[जहदा]], [[जमुनिया, नवलपरासी|जमुनिया]] (१,८), [[दाउन्ने देवी]] र [[रुपौलिया]] (१,२) |१६ |बर्दघाट |७६,७०३ |१८०.९६ |४२० |- |२ |[[रामग्राम नगरपालिका]] |[[सनई]] (४-५), [[सुक्रौली]], [[हकुई]], [[अमराैट]], [[बन्जरिया, नवलपरासी|बन्जरिया]] र [[देवगवा]] |१८ |[[परासी]] |६४,०१७ |१२८.३२ |५०० |- |३ |[[सुनवल नगरपालिका]] |[[सुनवल नगरपालिका|सुनवल]], [[स्वाँठी]], [[धुर्कोट]] (६) र [[रामनगर, नवलपरासी|रामनगर]] |१३ |[[सुनवल नगरपालिका|सुनवल]] |७२,०८५ |१७३.५० |४२० |- |४ |[[सुस्ता गाउँपालिका]] |[[कुडिया]], [[त्रिवेणी सुस्ता]] (४), [[रुपौलिया]] (३-९), [[नस्रही]] र [[पकलीहवा]] |५ |[[कुडिया]] |४०,६५५ |९१.२४ |४५० |- |५ |[[पाल्हीनन्दन गाउँपालिका]] |[[रामपुरुवा]], [[सनई]] (१-३,६-९), [[हरपुर]], [[कुस्मा, नवलपरासी|कुस्मा]] [[पाल्ही]] र [[गेरमी]] |६ |[[कुस्मा, नवलपरासी|कुस्मा]] |३८,१८६ |४४.६७ |८५० |- |६ |[[प्रतापपुर गाउँपालिका]] |[[जमुनिया, नवलपरासी|जमुनिया]] (२-७,९), [[सोमानी]], [[ठूलोखैरटवा]], [[बैदौली]], [[गुठीप्रसौनी]], [[गुठीसुर्यपुरा]] र [[प्रतापपुर, नवलपरासी|प्रतापपुर]] |९ |[[प्रतापपुर, नवलपरासी|प्रतापपुर]] |४९,८९७ |८७.५५ |५७० |- |७ |[[सरावल गाउँपालिका]] |[[मनरी]] (१,४-८), [[बडहरा दुबौलिया]], [[रामपुरखडौना]] र [[सरावल]] |७ |[[सरावल]] |४२,२०७ |७३.१९ |५८० |} [[चित्र:NepalNawalparasiDistrictmap.png|अङ्गुठाकार|नवलपरासी जिल्लाका पूर्व गाविसहरूको नक्सा]] == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) जिल्ला|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व)]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == {{नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:लुम्बिनी प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] kb817h8n05efwx2qa64j2mjcddfy22v 0 99805 1372806 1356366 2026-08-30T18:16:46Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building |name= बहादुर भवन (चार बुर्जा दरबार) |image=Bahadur Bhawan.jpg |caption= |map_type= |latitude= |longitude= |iso_region= |location_town= [[काठमाडौँ]] |location_country= नेपाल |architect= [[जोगबीर स्थापित]] |client=[[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] <br>[[रुद्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] <br>[[बहादुर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|बहादुर शमशेर]] (१९९०-2007) <br>[[रुद्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|रुद्र शमशेर]] (वि.सं. २००८-)<br>अधिराजकुमार बसुन्धरा बिर बिक्रम शाह<br>नेपाल सरकार |engineer= |construction_start_date= |completion_date= |date_demolished= |cost= Unknown |structural_system= इटा र ढुंगा |style=नवशास्त्रीय वास्तुकला एवम् मुगल वास्तुकला |size= }} सुरुवाती समयमा''' '''चारबुर्जा दरबारको नामले चिनिएको '''बहादुर भवन''' एक राणाकालिन दरबार हो ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.himalkhabar.com/103697|title=मजलिसको आँखा– १५ तीनओटा चारबुर्जा दरबार|last=दीक्षित|first=कमल|date=जेठ २३, २०७२|website=हिमाल खबर|accessdate=जेठ २, २०७९}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516115531/https://archive.himalkhabar.com/103697 |date=2022-05-16 }}</ref> दरबारको भवन जमलको पश्चिम दिशामा र [[केशरमहल|केशर महल]]को उत्तर दिशामा प्रभावशाली र विशाल आंगन, बागान र भवनहरूले सुशोभित छ। सुरुमा यो दरबारको निर्माण [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर जबरा]]ले गरेका थिए र बि.सं १९६२ मा आगलागीमा क्षतिग्रस्त भएपछी [[रुद्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|रुद्र शमशेर]]ले पुननिर्माण गरेका थिए । <ref name="PurushottamShamsher2007">{{cite book|last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=2007|title=Ranakalin Pramukh Atihasik Darbarharu|trans-title=Chief Historical Palaces of the Rana Era|url=https://www.amazon.com/Ranakalin-Pramukh-Atihasik-Darbarharu-Historical/dp/B00CWSP1U2/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8|language=Nepali|location=|publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=978-9994611027|access-date=2015}}Check date values in: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;access-date=</code> ([//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors%23bad_date help]){{cite book|last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=2007|title=Ranakalin Pramukh Atihasik Darbarharu|trans-title=Chief Historical Palaces of the Rana Era|url=https://www.amazon.com/Ranakalin-Pramukh-Atihasik-Darbarharu-Historical/dp/B00CWSP1U2/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8|language=Nepali|location=|publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=978-9994611027|access-date=2015}}</ref> == इतिहास == दरबार भवन काठमाडौंको मुटुमा [[ठमेल]]को उत्तरमा र [[राष्ट्रिय नाचघर|नाचघर]]को उत्तर मा रहेको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shankerhotel.com.np/blog/2014/10/19/the-historic-durbars-of-kathmandu/|title=THE HISTORIC DURBARS OF KATHMANDU|date=2014-10-19|accessdate=2015-06-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705215035/http://www.shankerhotel.com.np/blog/2014/10/19/the-historic-durbars-of-kathmandu |date=2015-07-05 }}</ref> === राणा अन्तर्गत === चार बुर्जा दरबार [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर ज.ब.रा.]]द्वारा एक निजी निवासको रूपमा १८० रोपनीको जमिनमा बनाइएको थियो। यसको निर्माण सम्पन्न हुने बित्तिकै वीर शमशेरले यो दरबार आफ्नो साहिला छोरा [[रुद्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|रुद्र शमशेर]]को नाममा हस्तान्तरण गरेका थिए , जो १९५९ मा वीर शमशेरको मृत्यु पछि यो दरबारमा बस्न थाले । बि.सं १९६२ मा चार बुर्जा दरबारमा आगलागी भयो र यो दरबार पूर्ण क्षतिग्रस्त भयो । त्यसपछि पुरानै जगमा वास्तुविद्‍ जोग लाल स्थापितको डिजाइनमा यो दरबारको पुननिर्माण सोहि साल देखि सुरु भयो । नयाँ निर्माणको बेलामा चारवटा बुर्जाहरु निर्माण गरिए र यो दरबारको नाम चार बुर्जा दरबार रहन गयो । १९९० सालमा सी क्लासका राणाहरु निष्कासन गरिदा रुद्र शमशेर पाल्पा धपाइए पछि यो दरबार [[जुद्ध शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जुद्ध शमशेर]]ले कब्जा गरे र आफ्नो महिला छोरा [[बहादुर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|बहादुर शमशेर]]लाई दिए । त्यसपछि यो दरबारको नाम बहादुर भवन रहन गयो। === होटल रोयल === बि.स २००७ मा राणा शासनको पतन पछि अधिराजकुमार [[वसुन्धरा शाह|बसुन्धरा बिर बिक्रम शाह]]ले रुसी नागरिक बोरिस लिसानेभिच सँग मिलेर बहादुर भवन १ करोड ८० लाखमा खरिद गरे र नेपालको पहिलो विलासी होटल, होटल रोयल स्थापित गरे । == नेपाल सरकार अन्तर्गत == अधिराजकुमार [[वसुन्धरा शाह|बसुन्धरा बिर बिक्रम शाह]] व्यापारमा असफल भएपछि बहादुर भवन नेपाल सरकारलाई बेचे। निर्वाचन कमिसन र राजसभा स्थायी समिति कार्यलय यसै भवनमा थियो । हाल यो दरबारमा उपरास्ट्रपतिको कार्यालय र [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] रहेको छ। == २०७२ को भूकम्प == २०७२ को भूकम्पमा बहादुर भवनमा सामान्य क्षति भयो र पहेंलो स्टीकर टासिएको थियो । दरबारको पछिल्लो भागमा धेरै क्षति भएकाले र छत र पर्खालमा चिरा परेकाले उप रास्ट्रपति को कार्यालय र निर्वाचन आयोग स्थानान्तरण गर्न पर्ने हुन सक्छ । ऐतिहासिक भवनको भविष्य अज्ञात छ । <ref>http://nepalitimes.com/blogs/mycity/2015/05/20/rana-palaces-after-the-earthquake/</ref> == पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[बबरमहल]] * [[थापाथली दरबार]] * बोरिस लिसानेभिच == सन्दर्भ सामग्री == {{Reflist}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका चर्चित भवनहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका ऐतिहासिक दरबारहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राणाकालीन भवनहरू]] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँका दरबारहरू]] c0dlhetppu8y0kt9funi9vti873mm5k 0 100165 1372814 1364540 2026-08-30T21:24:43Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = मार्कस र्‍यासफोर्ड | image = Marcus Rashford 2018-06-28 1.jpg | image_size = 240px | caption = सन् २०१८ मा [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]बाट खेल्दै | fullname = मार्कस र्‍यासफोर्ड<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/465277 |title=Squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=1 September 2017 |accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|10|31|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.11v11.com/players/marcus-rashford-250719/ |title=मार्कस र्‍यासफोर्ड |website=11v11.com |publisher=एएफएफ |accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/13565/Marcus-Rashford/overview |title=मार्कस र्‍यासफोर्ड: Overview |publisher=प्रिमियर लिग |accessdate=15 December 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710073906/https://www.premierleague.com/players/13565/Marcus-Rashford/overview |date=10 July 2016 }}</ref> | birth_place = [[म्यानचेस्टर]], इङ्ल्यान्ड | height = | position = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]] | currentclub = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | clubnumber = १० | youthyears1 = २००३–२००५ | youthclubs1 = फेचर्स मुस रेन्जर्स | youthyears2 = २००५–२०१५ | youthclubs2 = म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड प्रशिक्षण केन्द्र | years1 = २०१५– | clubs1 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | caps1 = २४७ | goals1 = ७७<!-- लिग मात्र --> | nationalyears1 = २०१२ | nationalteam1 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड यू-१६ राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम|१६ वर्ष मुनि]] | nationalcaps1 = २ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalyears2 = २०१४ | nationalteam2 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड यू-१८ राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम|१८ वर्ष मुनि]] | nationalcaps2 = २ | nationalgoals2 = ० | nationalyears3 = २०१६ | nationalteam3 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-२० राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|२० वर्ष मुनि]] | nationalcaps3 = २ | nationalgoals3 = ० | nationalyears4 = २०१६ | nationalteam4 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-२० राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|२० वर्ष मुनि]] | nationalcaps4 = १ | nationalgoals4 = ३ | nationalyears5 = २०१६– | nationalteam5 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] | nationalcaps5 = ५५ | nationalgoals5 = १६ | club-update = १७:२४, ११ मार्च २०२१ (युटिसी) | nationalteam-update = २०:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२० (युटिसी) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|पुरुष [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|ENG}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[युइएफए राष्ट्र लिग|युएफा राष्ट्र लिग]]}} {{Medal|Bronze|[[सन् २०१९ युएफा राष्ट्र लिग फाइनल|सन् २०१९ पुर्तुगाल]]|}} }} '''मार्कस र्‍यासफोर्ड''' (जन्म: ३१ अक्टोबर १९९७) एक अङ्ग्रेजी व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेलाडी हुन जसले अङ्ग्रेजी क्लब [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] र इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिमको लागि [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]]को रूपमा खेल्दछन्। र्‍यासफोर्ड म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड तथा इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका निकै ऊर्जावान खेलाडी मध्ये एक हुन्। मात्र ६ वर्षको उमेरदेखि फुटबलमा प्रशिक्षण लिएका र्‍यासफोर्डले सन् २००५ मा म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको प्रशिक्षण केन्द्रमा प्रशिक्षण लिनका लागि भर्ना भएका थिए भने सन् २०१५ मा उनको युनाइटेडको वरिष्ठ टोलीमा पदोन्नति भएको थियो। सन् २०१६ को फेब्रुअरीमा आयोजित युएफा युरोपा लिगको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले डेनमार्केली फुटबल क्लब मिदभिलान्दको विरुद्ध इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको तर्फबाट दुई गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने त्यसको तीन दिन पश्चात् उनले प्रिमियर लिगमा पर्दापण गर्दै आर्सनल विरुद्ध पनि दुई गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए। र्‍यासफोर्डले म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडका लागि खेलेको पहिलो खेल, एएफएल कपका लागि खेलको पहिलो खेल र युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको व्यक्तिगत पहिलो खेलमा गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए। र्‍यासफोर्डले हालसम्म म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडका लागि १४० भन्दा बढी उपस्थितिहरूमा कुल ४४ गोल गर्न सफल भएका छन्। र्‍यासफोर्डले सन् २०१२ मा इङ्ल्यान्ड १६ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय टोलीको तर्फबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल खेलजीवनको सुरुवात गरेका थिए। सन् २०१४ मा उनको १८ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा पदोन्नति भएको थियो जहाँ उनले टोलीका लागि २ उपस्थितिहरू जनाएका थिए। सन् २०१६ मा उनी २० वर्ष र २१ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलहरूमा सहभागिता जनाएका थिए भने सन् २०१६ मै उनको वरिष्ठ राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा पदोन्नति भएको थियो। सन् २०१६ को मेमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीका तर्फबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेल्न सुरु गरेका र्‍यासफोर्डले व्यक्तिगत पहिलो खेलमानै गोफ गर्न सफल भएका कारण उनी राष्ट्रिय टोलीका सबैभन्दा कान्छा गोलकर्ता बनेका थिए। सन् २०१६ फ्रान्समा आयोजित युएफा युरो २०१६ प्रतियोगितामा र्‍यासफोर्डले टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेका थिए भने उनी उक्त प्रतियोगिताका सबैभन्दा कान्छा खेलाडी पनि बन्न सफल भएकन थिए। सन् २०१८, रूसमा आयोजित फिफा विश्वकपको संस्करणमा पनि र्‍यासफोर्डले राष्ट्रिय टोलीको तर्फबाट विश्वकप फुटबलम पर्दापण गरेका थिए। == क्लब खेलजीवन == == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलजीवन == [[File:Marcus Rashford, FWC 2018 - Round of 16 - COL v ENG - Photo 106 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|सन् २०१८ फिफा विश्वकपमा र्‍यासफोर्ड]] र्‍यासफोर्डले म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको युवा क्लब मार्फत प्रशिक्षण लिए पछि उनी म्याचेस्टर युनाइटेडको वरिष्ठ टोलीाा सरुवा भएका थिए। उनले सन् २०१२ मा इङ्ल्यान्ड १६ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय टोलीको तर्फबाट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल खेलजीवनको सुरुवात गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Ornstein |first=David |title=Euro 2016 too early for Man Utd's Marcus Rashford – Nicky Butt |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35805450 |accessdate=14 March 2016 |website=BBC Sport |date=14 March 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१४ मा उनको १८ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा पदोन्नति भएको थियो जहाँ उनले टोलीका लागि २ उपस्थितिहरू जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro 2016: Marcus Rashford makes England provisional squad |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36300164 |accessdate=16 May 2016 |website=BBC Sport |date=16 May 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१६ मा उनी २० वर्ष र २१ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलहरूमा सहभागिता जनाएका थिए। सन् २०१६ फ्रान्समा आयोजना हुन लागेको युएफन युरो कपको संस्करणका लागि इङ्ल्यान्ड वरिष्ठ फुटबल टोलीको खेलाडी गठन गर्ने क्रममा र्‍यासफोर्डलाई पनि टोलीमा समावेश हुनका लागि बोलाइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro 2016: Marcus Rashford's England rise 'doesn't seem real' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36487132 |website=BBC Sport |date=9 June 2016 |accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref> सोही वर्षको १६ मेका दिन र्‍यासफोर्डलाई युएफन युरो कपमा भाग लिनका लागि राष्ट्रिय टोली गठन गर्ने क्रममा चयन गरिएको थियो भने उक्त राष्ट्रिय टोलीका प्रशिक्षक रोय होगसन रहेका थिए। अङ्ग्रेजी क्लब म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको वरिष्ठ टोलीमा पर्दापण गरेको ४ महिना नबित्दै उनले सन् २०१६ युएफा युरो नामक एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने मौका प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref name="England 2–1 Australia">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=England 2–1 Australia |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36339159 |website=BBC Sport |date=27 May 2016 |accessdate=29 May 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१६ मे २७ का दिन आयोजित अस्ट्रेलिया विरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले खेलको तेस्रो मिनेटमानै टोलीको लागि पहिलो गोल गर्दै अग्रता दिलाएका थिए भने उक्त खेल इङ्ल्यान्डले २-१ गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल भएको थियो। यससँगै उनी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगिताको सुरुवाती खेलमै पहिलो गोल गर्ने कान्छा अङ्ग्रेजी खेलाडी बन्न सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.us/european-championship/story/2895013/marcus-rashford-becomes-youngest-england-player-at-european-championship |title=Marcus Rashford becomes England's youngest ever player at Euros |website=ESPN FC |date=16 June 2016 |accessdate=16 June 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१६ जुन १६ का दिन आयोजित युएफा युरोपा लिगको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले राष्ट्रिय टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेका थिए भने उक्त खेलको ७३औँ मिनेटमा उनले एडम लालानालाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै मैदान उत्रिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Kearns |first=Sean |title=Marcus Rashford dribbled past more players in four minutes than any other player during England's defeat to Iceland |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/06/27/marcus-rashford-dribbled-past-more-players-in-four-minutes-than-any-other-player-during-englands-defeat-to-iceland-5970522/ |accessdate=28 June 2016 |newspaper=Metro |location=London |date=27 June 2016}}</ref> वेल्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली विरुद्धको खेलमा इङ्ल्यान्डले वेल्सलाई २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो भने उक्त प्रतियोगितामा वरिष्ठ राष्ट्रिय टोलीको तर्फबाट पर्दापणफ गर्ने बेला र्‍यासफोर्ड मात्र १८ वर्षका थिए जसकारण उनी युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिप खेलमा इङ्ल्यान्डको तर्फबाट प्रतियोगितामा भाग लिने सबैभन्दा कान्छा खेलाडी बन्न सफल भएका थिए।<ref name="England 2–1 Slovakia">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=England 2–1 Slovakia |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41070207 |website=BBC Sport |date=4 September 2017 |accessdate=4 September 2017}}</ref> यस अघि सन् २००४ को युएफा युरो कपमा सबैभन्दा कान्छा खेलाडीको रूपमा वाइन रुनी रहेका थिए भने उनले प्रतियोगितामा भाग लिएसँगै उनी सबैभन्दा कान्छा खेलाडी बनेका थिए। उक्त खेलको ११ दिन पश्चात् आयोजित आइसल्यान्ड विरुद्धको खेलमा राष्ट्रिय टोली २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित हुँदै युएफा युरो २०१६ को प्रतियोगिताबाटै बाहिरिएको थियो जुन खेललाई फ्रान्सको निसमा आयोजना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44138600 |title=England World Cup squad: Trent Alexander-Arnold in 23-man squad |website=BBC Sport |date=16 May 2018 |accessdate=17 May 2018}}</ref> उक्त खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्ड खेल सकिन मात्र ४ मिनेट बाँकी रहँदा खेलमा प्रवेश गरेका थिए भने उनले बाँकी रहेको ४ मिनेटमा उत्कृष्ट खेल प्रदर्शन गरेका थिए। सन् २०१७ सेप्टेम्बर ४ का दिन आयोजित स्लोभाकिया विरुद्धको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले पहिलो प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उक्त खेल सन् २०१८ रूसमा आयोजना हुन लागेको फिफा विश्वकपको छनोट खेल थियो जहाँ राष्ट्रिय टोलीले स्लोभाकियालाई २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/fifa-world-cup-2018-england-marcus-rashford-p176297-tp114-l4/ |title=Marcus Rashford FIFA World Cup 2018 Stats, Records, Position – myKhel |website=mykhelcom |accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८, रूपमा आयोजना हुन लागेको फिफा विश्वकपका लागि इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको गठन गर्न क्रममा र्‍यासफोर्डलाई पनि २३ पुरुष खेलाडी अन्तर्गत समावेश गरिएको थियो। सन् २०१८ को फिफा विश्वकपमा र्‍यासफोर्डले राष्ट्रिय टोलीका लागि उक्त अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगितामा इङ्ल्यान्डको पहिलो खेलमा बेल्जियम विरुद्ध उपस्थिति जनाएका थिए भने यसको साथसाथै उनले टोलीका लागि थप ५ उपस्थितिहरू जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44610244 |title=World Cup 2018: England beat Colombia 4–3 on penalties |first=Phil |last=McNulty |date=3 July 2018 |website=BBC Sport |accessdate=5 May 2019}}</ref> सन् २०१८ को फिफा विश्वकपको समूह चरणको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले कोलोम्बिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका विरुद्ध पेनाल्टी मार्फत गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उक्त खेलमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीले जित हासिल गरेसँगै टोलीले क्वाटरफाइनलको यात्रा तय गरेको थियो। उक्त अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगितामा राष्ट्रिय टोलीले चौँथो स्थान प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44748604 |title=World Cup 2018: England finish fourth after Belgium defeat |date=14 July 2018 |website=BBC Sport |accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१८ सेप्टेम्बर ८ का दिन आयोजित युएफा राष्ट्र लिगको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्ड राष्ट्रिय टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै स्पेनको विरुद्ध मैदान उत्रिएका थिए जुन खेललाई विम्बल्डन रङ्गशालामा आयोजना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Lewis |last=Jones |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/11493581/england-1-2-spain-gareth-southgates-men-suffer-wembley-defeat |title=England 1–2 Spain: Gareth Southgate's men suffer Wembley defeat |website=Sky Sports |date=8 September 2018 |accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> उक्त प्रतिस्पर्धामा राष्ट्रिय टोली स्पेनसँगको खेलमा २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित हुन पुगेको थियो। उक्त खेलको तीन दिन पश्चात् आयोजित स्वीट्जरल्यान्ड विरुद्धको एक मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले टोलीको तर्फबाट १ गोल गरेका थिए जुन खेल जित्न प्रयाप्त बनेको थियो भने यस खेललाई किङ पावर रङ्गशालामा आयोजना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |first=Lewis |last=Jones |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12010/11495331/england-1-0-switzerland-marcus-rashford-strikes-again-as-england-break-losing-run |title=England 1–0 Switzerland: Marcus Rashford strikes again as England break losing run |website=Sky Sports |date=11 September 2018 |accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> युएफा राष्ट्र लिगको पछिको खेलमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीले क्रएसिया विरुद्ध मैदान उत्रिएको थियो भने उक्त खेलमा पनि र्‍यासफोर्ड सहभागिता जनाएका थिए तर उक्त खेल गोल रहित बराबरीमा समाप्त भएको थियो। उक्त खेलको १ हप्ता पछि आयोजित स्पेन विरुद्धको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले टोलीको तर्फबाट गोल गर्दै टोलीका लागि अग्रता दिलाएका थिए भने उक्त खेलमा राष्ट्रिय टोलीले ३-२ गोल अन्तरले जित हासिल गर्न सफल भएको थियो। युएफ राष्ट्र लिग अन्तर्गतको इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीको अन्तिम खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्ड टोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै मैदान उत्रिएका थिए भने उक्त खेलमन राष्ट्रिय टोलीले क्रोएसियालाई २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/oct/12/croatia-england-nations-league-match-report |title=Marcus Rashford fluffs his lines in England's eerie draw with Croatia |first=Daniel Taylor at Stadion HNK |last=Rijeka |date=12 October 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> क्रिएसियालाई पराजित गरेको राष्ट्रिय टोली सन् २०१९ को जुन महिनामा युएफा राष्ट्र लिगको अन्तिममा चरणमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। उक्त प्रतियोगिताको सेमिफाइनलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले नेदरल्यान्डको विरुद्ध पहिलो गोल गर्दै टोलीका लागि अग्रता दिलाएका थिए तर उक्त खेलमा राष्ट्रिय टोली खेलको अतिरिक्त समयमा ३-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/oct/15/spain-england-nations-cup-match-report |title=Raheem Sterling's double inspires England to stunning victory in Spain |first=Daniel Taylor at the Estadio Benito |last=Villamarín |date=15 October 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> सन् २०१९ को अक्टोबरमा आयोजित बुल्गेरिया विरुद्धको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले सन् २०२० युएफा युरो २०२० नामक एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगिताको छनोट खेलमा टोलीका लागि सुरुवाती गोल गर्दै अग्रता दिलाएका थिए भने उक्त खेललाई सन् २०१९ अक्टोबर १४ का दिन आयोजना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/england-vs-croatia/teams/399808 |title=UEFA Nations League |website=Sky Sports |accessdate=6 December 2018}}</ref> बुल्गेरिया विरुद्धको खेलमा र्‍यासफोर्डले टोलीका लागि सुरुवाती अग्रता दिलाए पश्चात् राष्ट्रिय टोलीले बुल्गेरियालाई ६-० को फराकिलो गोल अन्तरले पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46167890 |title=England 2–1 Croatia: Harry Kane seals Nations League finals spot |website=BBC Sport |date=18 November 2018 |accessdate=6 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/netherlands-vs-england-uefa-nations-league-semi-final-2019-match-report-a4161581.html |title=Netherlands 3 England 1: Defensive errors see England beaten in Nations League semi-finals |last=Olley |first=James |date=7 June 2019 |newspaper=Evening Standard |location=London |accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref> र्‍यासफोर्डले पछि म‍न्टेनेग्रो विरुद्धको र कोसोभो विरुद्धको खेलमा पनि गोल गर्न सफल भएका थिए भने उक्त खेल राष्ट्रिय टोलीले क्रमशः ७-० र ४-० को फराकिलो गोल अन्तरले हात पारेको थियो जसकारण राष्ट्रिय टोली सन् २०२० युएफा युरो कपका लागि छनोट हुने ९औँ टोली बनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/oct/14/bulgaria-england-euro-2020-qualifying-match-report |title=England crush Bulgaria 6-0 but racist chants force stoppages in qualifier |newspaper=The Guardian |last=Hytner |first=David |date=15 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50327100 |title=England 7–0 Montenegro |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 November 2019 |accessdate=17 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50160458 |title=Kosovo 0–4 England |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=17 November 2019 |accessdate=17 November 2019}}</ref> == कार्यकाल तथ्याङ्क == {{updated|४ अक्टोबर २०२०}} {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ क्लबका लागि जनाएको उपस्थिति तथा गरेको गोलहरू |- !rowspan=2|क्लब !rowspan=2|संस्करण !colspan=3|लिग !colspan=2|एफए कप !colspan=2|इएफएल कप !colspan=2|युरोप !colspan=2|अन्य !colspan=2|जम्मा |- !विभाग!!उपस्थिति!!गोल!!उपस्थिति!!गोल!!उपस्थिति!!गोल!!उपस्थिति!!गोल!!उपस्थिति!!गोल!!उपस्थिति!!गोल |- |rowspan=6|[[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यान्चेस्टर युनाइटेड]] |[[२०१५–१६ म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब संस्करण|२०१५–१६]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|89213|2015|accessdate=१३ January २०१९}}</ref> |[[प्रिमियर लिग]] |११||५||४||१||०||०||३{{efn|name=UEL|युएफा युरोपा लिगमा जनाएको उपस्थिति सहित}}||२||colspan=2|—||१८||८ |- |[[२०१६–१७ म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब संस्करण|२०१६–१७]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|89213|2016|accessdate=१३ January २०१९}}</ref> |प्रिमियर लिग |३२||५||३||३||६||१||११{{efn|name=UEL}}||२||१{{efn| एफए कम्युनिटी सिल्डमा जनाएको उपस्थिति सहित}}||०||५३||११ |- |[[२०१७–१८ म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब संस्करण|२०१७–१८]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|89213|2017|accessdate=१३ January २०१९}}</ref> |प्रिमियर लिग |३५||७||५||१||३||२||८{{efn|name=UCL|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा जनाएको उपस्थिति सहित}}||३||१{{efn|युएफा सुपर कपमा जनाएको उपस्थिति सहित}}||०||५२||१३ |- |[[२०१८–१९ म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब संस्करण|२०१८–१९]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|89213|2018|accessdate=६ June २०१९}}</ref> |प्रिमियर लिग |३३||१०||४||१||०||०||१०{{efn|name=UCL}}||२||colspan=2|—||४७||१३ |- |[[२०१९–२० म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब संस्करण|२०१९–२०]]<ref name=sb१९२०>{{soccerbase season|89213|2019|accessdate=१६ August २०२०}}</ref> |प्रिमियर लिग |३१||१७||४||०||३||४||६{{efn|name=UEL}}||१||colspan=2|—||४४||२२ |- |[[२०२०–२१ म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब संस्करण|२०२०–२१]]<ref name=sb२०२१>{{soccerbase season|89213|2020|accessdate=४ October २०२०}}</ref> |प्रिमियर लिग |३||१||०||०||२||१||०||०||colspan=2|—||५||२ |- !colspan=3|कुल !१४५||४५||२०||६||१४||८||३८||१०||२||०||२१९||६९ |} {{notelist}} ===अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय=== {{updated|१७ नोभेम्बर २०१९}}<ref name=NFT>{{NFT player |id=६४४०१ |name=Rashford, Marcus |accessdate=२१ November २०१९}}</ref> {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ राष्ट्रिय टोलीका लागि जनाएको उपस्थिति तथा गरेका गोलहरू |- !राष्ट्रिय टोली!!वर्ष!!उपस्थिति!!गोल |- |rowspan=4|[[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] |२०१६||६||१ |- |२०१७||९||१ |- |२०१८||१६||४ |- |२०१९||७||४ |- !colspan=2|जम्मा||३८||१० |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{commons category}} *[https://www.manutd.com/en/players-and-staff/detail/marcus-rashford म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा र्‍यासफोर्ड ] *[http://www.thefa.com/england/mens-seniors/squad/marcus-rashford प्रोफाइल] फुटबलको आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा {{ढाँचा:England squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}} [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:इङ्ल्यान्डका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९९७ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२०२६ फिफा विश्वकपका खेलाडीहरू]] iqs2cktd1fx6xa58n6u1kath3be20xj 0 100538 1372835 1372555 2026-08-31T05:47:08Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Match programme cover | event = [[२००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] | team1 = [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] | team1association = {{flagicon|GER|size=30px}} | team1score = १ | team2 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] | team2association = {{flagicon|ESP|size=30px}} | team2score = २ | date = १५ मे २००२ | stadium = हाम्प्डेन पार्क | city = ग्लाज्गो<ref name="hampdenpark">{{cite news |first=सिन |last=स्मिथ|title=ग्लास्गो |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/champions_league/1984838.stm |work=बिबिसी स्पोर्ट्स |publisher=बिबिसी |date=13 May 2002 |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}</ref> | man_of_the_match1a = [[जिनेदीन जिदेन]] (रियल म्याड्रिड)<ref name="attendance"/> | referee = युर्स मियर ([[स्विट्जरल्यान्ड]])<ref name="ursmeier">{{cite journal |first=म्याथ्युज |last=लिन्ड्से |title=Meier the man for job |journal=इभिनिङ टाइम्स |date=13 May 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages=52 |publisher=ProQuest Archiver |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}{{subscription required}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104221231/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |date=4 November 2012 }}</ref> | attendance = ५०,४९९<ref name="attendance">{{cite book |year=2017 |chapter=2. Finals |chapter-url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/89/2285689_DOWNLOAD.pdf |chapter-format=पिडिएफ |title=युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगको तथ्याङ्क |location= नियोन , स्विजरल्यान्ड|publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |page=1 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> | weather = हल्का बादल, <br />{{convert|15|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGPF/2002/5/15/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|title=मैसमको इतिहास|website=www.wunderground.com}}</ref> | previous = [[२००१ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००१]] | next = [[२००३ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००३]] }} '''२००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल''' २००१-२००२ च्याम्पियन्स लिग सिजनको अन्तिम खेल थियो । यो खेला स्विट्जरल्यान्डको ग्लाज्गो सहरमा अवस्थित हम्प्डेन पार्कमा भएको थियो । यो फाइनल खेलमा जर्मनीको बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन र स्पेनी क्लब रियल म्याड्रिड बिच भएको थियो । यो खेल १५ जुन २००२ मा भएको थियो जसमा रियल म्याड्रिड लिभरकुसेनलाई २ को बिरुद्ध १ गोल अन्तरले हराएको थियो । ==खेलको तथ्याङ्क== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+पहिलो हाप<ref name="half time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_hr.pdf |title= पहिलो आधा समयको तथ्याङ्क |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> |-पहिलो !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोलहरू || १ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || ५ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेको सटहरू || ३ || ३ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ४२% || ५८% |- |कर्नक किक || ३ || १ |- |फल || ८ ||१९ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || २ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+दोश्रो हाप<ref name="full time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_fr.pdf |title=फुट टाइम रिपोर्ट |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> |- दोस्रो हाप !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोल || ० || ० |- |जम्मा सट || ८ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ३ || ४ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ५४% || ४६% |- |कर्नर किक || ३ || ४ |- |फल || ९ || २५ |- |अफसाइड || ० || ० |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+सबै !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर ०४ लिभरमुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेको गोल ||१ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || १३ || १२ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ६ || ९ |- |Ball possession || ४८% || ५२% |- |कर्नर किक || ६ || ५ |- |फल || १७ || ४४ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || ३ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || २ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-end}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20020606170756/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/INDEX.html २००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग ] युइएफएमा [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगका फाइनलहरू]] nf4n699hd4z778qiqbbk1cpn7559678 0 103467 1372817 1309907 2026-08-30T23:02:04Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | playername = रवि पासवान | image = रवि पासवान.jpg | caption = नेपाल प्रहरी क्लबका लागि रवि पासवान | fullname = रवि पासवान | dateofbirth = | cityofbirth =[[करैयामाइ गाउँपालि]], उमजन, [[बारा जिल्ला]] | countryofbirth = [[नेपाल]] | height = | position = [[मध्यपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|मध्यपङ्ति]] | currentclub = [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] | clubnumber = १४ | youthyears1 = | youthyears2 = | youthclubs1 = नवजन जागृती युवा क्लब | youthclubs2 = | years1 = | clubs1 = [[मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब|मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]] | caps1 = <!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals1 = <!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | years2 = | clubs2 = [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] | caps2 = <!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals2 = <!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = २०१९- | nationalyears2 = | nationalyears3 = | nationalteam1 = [[नेपाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेपाल]] | nationalteam2 = | nationalteam3 = | nationalcaps1 = १ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalcaps2 = | nationalgoals2 = | nationalcaps3 = | nationalgoals3 = | medaltemplates = | pcupdate = | ntupdate = }} '''रवि पासवान''' एक नेपाली फुटबल खेलाडी हुन्। उनको जन्म [[बारा जिल्ला]]मा भएको थियो। उनी नेपाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम तथा [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]]का खेलाडी हुन्<ref>[https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/7084/2019-02-26 फेमिलीले जित्यो तेस्रो उपाधि (नयाँ पत्रिका डटकम) २०७५ फाल्गुण १४] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322071308/https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/7084/2019-02-26 |date=2019-03-22 }}</ref>। उनी मैदानमा मिडफिल्डरका रूपमा उत्रने गर्दछन्। ==खेल जीवन== [[बारा जिल्ला|बारा जिल्लाको]] [[करैयामाई गाउँपालिका]] स्थित उमजनका रवि पासावानले पहिलोपटक नेपालले २०१९ मार्च २१ मा खेलेको खेल मार्फत राष्ट्रिय टोलिमा स्थान बनाएका थिए। सिमराको नवजनजागृती युवा क्लब हुँदै नेपाली फुटबलमा उदाएका रवि [[मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब|मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]] पछि हाल [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]]मा आवद्ध छन्<ref>[http://headlinekhabar.com/story/बाराका-रवि-पासवान-पहिलोपटक-राष्ट्रिय-टोलिमायस्तो-छ-नयाँ-राष्ट्रिय-फुटबल-टोली बाराका रवि पासवान पहिलोपटक राष्ट्रिय टोलिमा, यस्तो छ नयाँ राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (headlinekhabar24) ०२ चैत्र, २०७५ राती ०८:१७ बजे]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>। ===राष्ट्रिय टिम=== रवि पासवानले २१ मार्च २०१९ मा भएको कुवेतविरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा राष्ट्रिय टिमबाट डेब्युको अवसर पाएका हुन्। रवीले खेलको ६१ औँ मिनेटमा [[सुमन लामा]]को स्थानमा मैदान प्रवेश गर्दै राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट डेब्यु गरेका थिए। राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा परेको पहिलो अवसरमा नै रवीले डेब्यु गर्ने मौका पाएका थिए<ref>[https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/50287 कुवेतविरुद्ध बराबरीमा ५ खेलाडीको डेब्यु (हाम्रो खेलकुद डटकम) शुक्रबार, चैत्र ८, २०७५] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322045831/https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/50287 |date=2019-03-22 }}</ref>। ==सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य सुत्रहरू== [[श्रेणी:नेपाली फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] qm2olhnwix3nwpjos3i8t7v8q3763jv 0 114223 1372825 844927 2026-08-31T01:52:43Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[रवि (कम्पनी)]]मा ठिक गर्दै 1372825 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[रवि (कम्पनी)]] 9izh3wptxnix0xwpnz8j1v5ypzr7w39 1 114224 1372824 844929 2026-08-31T01:52:38Z Xqbot 2106 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[वार्तालाप:रवि (कम्पनी)]]मा ठिक गर्दै 1372824 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[वार्तालाप:रवि (कम्पनी)]] spor6rrnzlk4mhmqxuudelo0k4zv88l 0 118639 1372816 1098307 2026-08-30T22:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''यौन अभिमुखिकरण, लैङ्गिक पहिचान तथा यौन विशेषता''' (सांक्षेप: '''यौभिकयौता''') यी तीन अवधारणाहरूलाई एकमुष्ठ रूपमा जनाउन प्रयोग गरिने शब्दावली हो । <ref> {{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/loom-sogiesec | title=यौभिकयौता दस्तावेज | publisher=तान नेपाल}} </ref> <ref> {{cite web | url= https://archive.org/details/sahaayam-sogiesec | title=यौभिकयौता दस्तावेज | publisher=सहायम् नेपाल}} </ref> <ref> {{cite web | url= https://archive.org/details/nepali-language-guide | title=नेपाली भाषाको समावेशी तथा मैत्रीपूर्ण भाषाको प्रयोग सम्बन्धी साझा बुझाई | publisher=बडी एण्ड डाटा}} </ref> <ref> {{cite web | url= https://archive.org/details/basic-definitions-nepali | title=यौभिकयौता सम्बन्धी आधारभूत परिभाषा | publisher=क्वयेर युथ ग्रुप}} </ref> <ref> {{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sogiesec-nepali | title=यौभिकयौता व्याख्यात्मक दस्तावेज| publisher=क्वयेर युथ ग्रुप}} </ref> ==विविधता== '''यौभिकयौता''' विविधता देहाय प्रकारका छन् :- ===यौन विशेषता=== # [[पुलिङ्गी]] # [[स्त्रीलिङ्गी]] # [[अन्तरलिङ्गी]] ===लैङ्गिक पहिचान=== # [[त्याचलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[पारलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[अलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[दुईलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[मिश्रितलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[द्रवलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[लैङ्गिक गैर-अनुरूपी व्यक्ति]] # [[गैर-द्वयसांख्यिक लैङ्गिक पहिचान]] # [[अर्धलैङ्गिक व्यक्ति]] # [[सांस्कृतिक लैङ्गिक पहिचान]] # [[तेस्रोलिङ्गी]] # [[विषुलिङ्गी]] ===लैङ्गिक अभिव्यक्ति=== # पुरुषत्व # नारीत्व # [[विषुपहिरणी]] # [[फेम् पुरुषता|फेम् पुरुष]] # [[माएस्क महिला]] ===यौन अभिमुखिकरण=== # [[विषमयौनिकता|विषमयौनिक]] # [[समयौनिकता|समयौनिक]] # [[द्वियौनिकता|द्वियौनिक]] # [[अयौनिकता|अयौनिक]] # [[सर्वयौनिकता|सर्वयौनिक]] # [[तरल यौनिकता|द्रवयौनिक]] # [[बहुयौनिकता|बहुयौनिक]] # [[खैर्याउनिकता|खैर्याउनिक]] ==समाज== '''यौभिकयौता'''को आधारमा कुनै निश्चित वर्गहरू सिमान्तकृत रहेका छन् जस अर्थात् उनीहरू आफ्नो यौभिकयौताकै आधारमा समाजबाट विभेद, लाञ्छना र हिंसा महसुस गर्छन् । यौन विशेषताका आधारमा पुलिङ्गी र स्त्रीलिङ्गी व्यक्तिहरू, लैङ्गिक पहिचानका आधारमा त्याचलैङ्गिक व्यक्तिहरू र यौन अभिमुखिकरणका आधारमा विषमयौनिक व्यक्तिहरूको समाजमा विशेषाधिकार छ वा आफ्नो उक्त यौभिकयौता पहिचानकै आधारमा विभेद, हिंसा र लाञ्छना भोग्दैनन् । आफ्नो यौभिकयौताको आधारमा सिमातकृत रहेका जनसंख्यालाई [[सिमान्तकृत यौन अभिमुखिकरण, लैङ्गिक पहिचान र यौन विशेषताका व्यक्ति]] भनिन्छ । ==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सिद्धान्त== {{Main|योग्याकार्ता सिद्धान्त}} यौभिकयौता सम्बन्धीको प्रमुख अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सिद्धान्त भनी योग्याकार्ता सिद्धान्तलाई मानिन्छ । <ref>{{cite web |url=https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/ |title=Yogyakarta Principles |publisher=योग्याकार्ता सिद्धान्तको औपचारिक वेबसाइट }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065318/https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/ |date=2020-10-31 }}</ref> सन् २००६मा लैङ्गिक पहिचान र यौन अभिमुखिकरण सम्बन्धीका अधिकारलाई दस्तावेजिकरण गर्दै योग्याकार्ता सिद्धान्त दस्तावेज जारी भएको थियो । सन् २०१७मा यस सिद्धान्तको पुनरवालोकन भई लैङ्गिक अभिव्यक्ति र यौन विशेषतालाई पनि यस सिद्धान्तमा समावेश गरिएको थियो । <ref>{{cite web | url = https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/ | title = Yogyakarta Principles | year = २०१७ | archive-url = http://archive.today/9WE4z | archive-date = 31 October 2020 | url-status = live | publisher = योग्याकार्ता सिद्धान्तको औपचारिक वेबसाइट }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065318/https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/ |date=31 October 2020 }}</ref> ==संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ== सन् २०१६मा [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र|संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ]]को मानव अधिकार परिषदद्वारा '''यौभिकयौता''' सम्बन्धी स्वतन्त्र विज्ञ स्थापना गरिएको थियो । यौभिकयौता पहिचानको आधारमा हुने विभेद विरुद्ध, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघको मानव अधिकार प्रतिबद्धता र कार्यन्वयन हेर्ने उक्त विज्ञको प्रमुख कार्य हो । <ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/SexualOrientationGender/Pages/Index.aspx| title=Independent Expert on sexual orientation and gender identity | publisher=OHCHR}} </ref> <ref> {{cite web|url=https://ilga.org/factsheet-IE-SOGI| title=Factsheet on the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | publisher=ILGA World}} </ref> ==सन्दर्भ== {{reflist}} ==थप== {{ढाँचा:यौभिकयौता}} [[श्रेणी:यौभिकयौता]] t7fomrhpc725rnv6vchgn3hs8uugaee 0 119222 1372793 1371045 2026-08-30T13:27:42Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1372793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = गोसाइँकुण्ड गाउँपालिका |nickname = |settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] |image_skyline = 20140729 151654day.jpg |image_caption = स्याफ्रुबेसी गाउँको दृश्य |image_flag = |image_seal = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = रसुवा जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल |coordinates = {{coord|28.12|85.40|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption = नेपालमा गोसाइँकुण्ड गाउँपालिका |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{flag|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश|वागमती प्रदेश]] |subdivision_type3 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] |subdivision_name3 = [[रसुवा जिल्ला]] |area_total_sq_mi = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 987.77 |established_title = स्थापना |established_date = फाल्गुन २०७३ |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=25&municipality=3|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 7788 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = जातीयता |leader_party = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|एमाले]] |leader_title = [[प्रमुख]] |leader_name = कैसाङ नुर्पु तामाङ |leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] |leader_name1 = प्रतिमा तामाङ ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|एमाले ]]) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] |utc_offset = +५:४५ |elevation_m = |elevation_footnotes = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code_type = |area_code = +९७७-१० |iso_code = |blank_name =केन्द्र |blank_info =साविक [[स्याफ्रु]] गाविसको कार्यालय |website = [https://gosaikundamun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] |footnotes = }} '''गोसाइँकुण्ड गाउँपालिका''' [[रसुवा जिल्ला]]को [[मुख्यालय|सदरमुकाम]] [[धुन्चे]]को ठाडेबाट सुरू भएर लाङटाङसम्म फैलिएको छ। सदरमुकामबाट८ किलोमिटर उत्तरतर्फ [[स्याफ्रु]]मा कार्यालय रहेको यो गाउँपालिकामा पर्यटकीय पूर्वाधार रहेका छन्। साविक [[धुन्चे]], [[स्याफ्रु]], [[बृद्‌धिम]], [[टिमुरे]], [[थुमन]] र [[लाङटाङ]] गाविस मिलेर बनेको यस गाउँपालिका ६ वटा वडामा विभाजन भएको छ।<ref name="गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका (सूची)">{{cite news|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कुन जिल्लामा कति? (सूची)|url=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084|accessdate=२३ पौष २०७३|publisher=लोकान्तर|date=२३ पौष २०७३|ref=http://lokaantar.com/taja_samachar/2084}}</ref><ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=सबै गाविस र जिविस खारेज|url=http://www.annapurnapost.com/news/66220|accessdate=२०७३ फागुन २७|publisher=[[अन्नपूर्ण पोष्ट]]|date=२०७३ फागुन २७}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=गाउँ र नगरपालिका (सूची)|url=http://www.enayapatrika.com/2017/01/07/118110/|accessdate=१४ जेठ २०७४|publisher=[[नयाँ पत्रिका दैनिक]]|date=पुष २३, २०७३|ref=http://www.enayapatrika.com/2017/01/07/118110/}}</ref> == सिमाना अवस्थिति== यस गाउँपालिकाको पूर्वमा [[नौकुण्ड गाउँपालिका]], [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]] र [[सिन्धुपाल्चोक जिल्ला]] जिल्ला सिमाना रहेका छन् भने पश्चिममा [[आमाछोदिङ्मो गाउँपालिका]] रहेको छ। उत्तरमा [[चीन]]को स्वशासित क्षेत्र [[तिब्बत]] रहेको छ। दक्षिणतर्फ कालिका गाउँपालिका र त्रिशूली नदी रहेको छ । जुन नदी यस गाउँपालिका आमाछोदिङ्मो गाउँपालिकाको सिमानामा पर्दछ । ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== धरातलीय स्वरूप अनुसार यस गाउँपालिकालाई तीन भागमा विभाजन गर्न सकिन्छ। १) ११००-१५०० मिटरसम्मको भूभागलाई मध्यपहाडी भागमा राखिएको छ, जसमा मानव वस्ती बाक्लो रहेको छ। २) १५०० भन्दा माथि २२०० मिटरसम्मको भागलाई तल्लो लेकाली भागमा राखिएको छ। ३) ९५० देखि ११०० मिटरसम्मको भागलाई बेसी भागमा राखिएको छ। ==हावापानी== यस गाउँपालिकामा विशेष गरी पाँच किसिमका हावापानी पाईने गर्दछ। # उष्ण मौसमी हावापानी # अर्ध उष्ण हावापानी # समशीतोष्ण हावापानी # ठण्डा शीतोष्ण हावापानी # [[लेकाली हावापानी]] ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ७,७८८ रहेको छ भने यहाँ २,०३८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ गोसाइँकुण्ड गाउँपालिकाको वडागत विवरण ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (प्रति वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[थुमन]] || ८२६ || ६४.५१ || १२.८ |- | २ || [[टिमुरे]] || ५५० || १६४.०५ || ३.३५ |- | ३ || [[बृद्‌धिम]] || ५०८ || ५५.११ || ९.२२ |- | ४ || [[लाङटाङ, रसुवा|लाङटाङ]] || ४२० || ४९४.९६ || ०.८५ |- | ५ || [[स्याफ्रु]] || २,४७२ || १२२.३१ || २०.२१ |- | ६ || [[धुन्चे]] || ३,०१२ || १७.८३ || १६८.९३ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! ७,७८८ !! ९१८.७७ !! ८.४८ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcrasuwa.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, रसुवा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922194956/http://ddcrasuwa.gov.np/ |date=2020-09-22 }} {{रसुवा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:रसुवा जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] m3yzl3g5b6s6yg3hoxrbdw1m4jjclds 0 120725 1372810 1146303 2026-08-30T20:40:44Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = मना पर्वत | native_name = | photo = | photo_caption = | elevation_m = 7274 | elevation_ref = <ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/49/29/mana-peak/|title=Mana Peak|journal=The Himalayan Journal|volume=43|date=1993|author=Capt S. P. Malik}}</ref> | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | range = [[गढवाल हिमशृङ्खला]] | listing = [[अति-प्रमूख शिखर|अल्ट्रा]] | location = [[मना]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | map = India#Uttarakhand | map_caption = भारतको नक्सामा मना पर्वत | map_size = 260 | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|30|52|52|N|79|36|50|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://himalayanhigh.in/himalayan-peaks-Mana-Peak|title=Mana Peak - Peak Details}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226051138/https://himalayanhigh.in/himalayan-peaks-Mana-Peak |date=2019-12-26 }}</ref> | topo = | type = | age = | first_ascent = अगस्ट १९३७ मा [[फ्राङ्क स्मिथ]]द्वारा | easiest_route = हिउँको चढाइ }} '''मना पर्वत''' [[भारत]]को [[उत्तराखण्ड]]मा अवस्थित हिमाल हो। यो हिमाल [[गढवाल हिमशृङ्खला]] अन्तर्गत पर्छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:भारतका हिमालहरू]] [[श्रेणी:उत्तराखण्डका हिमालहरू]] 2foprbsvli4fdpe5vj3ugykio3wqo0w 0 121043 1372811 1266863 2026-08-30T20:42:48Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Nepalese cricketer}}{{Infobox cricketer|name=मनिष राज पाण्डे|image=File:ManishRajPandey(2019).jpg|caption=२०१९ सीप्यान क्रिकेट अवार्ड्समा बोल्दै डा. मनिष राज पाण्डे|image_size=|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1970|12|05}}|birth_place=[[विराटनगर महानगरपालिका|विराटनगर]], [[नेपाल]]|batting=दायाँ-हाते|bowling=दायाँ-हाते मध्यम-तेज गति|role=अल-राउन्डर|country=नेपाल|international=true|internationalspan=१९९६|fullname=डा. मनिष राज पाण्डे}}'''मनिष राज पाण्डे''' (जन्म ५ डिसेम्बर १९७०) नेपाली संरक्षणविद्, क्रिकेट प्रशासक तथा पूर्व राष्ट्रिय [[क्रिकेट|क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] हुन्। उनी सन् २०१८ देखि क्रिकेट खेलाडी संघ नेपालका अध्यक्ष र सन् २०२३ अगस्ट देखि भक्तपुर जिल्ला क्रिकेट संघका अध्यक्ष छन्। दायाँ-हाते प्रारम्भिक ब्याट्सम्यान र दायाँ-हाते मध्यम-तेज गतिका बलरको रूपमा खेल्ने अल-राउन्डर पाण्डेले नेपालका लागि आफ्नो पहिलो खेल सेप्टेम्बर १९९६ मा [[बङ्गलादेश राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|बङ्गलादेश]]का विरुद्ध खेलेका थिए।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/sports/2020/09/05/159927325353058116.html|title=नेपाली क्रिकेटको २५ वर्ष : त्यो पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगिता|last=Pandey|first=Binod|date=5 September 2020|website=ekantipur.com|publisher=[[कान्तिपुर दैनिक]]|language=ne|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/102/102621.html|title=The Home of CricketArchive|last2=en|website=www.cricketarchive.co.uk|access-date=2020-06-30}}</ref> == खेल जीवन == [[विराटनगर महानगरपालिका|विराटनगर]]मा जन्मिएका पाण्डेले वि.सं. २०४५ देखि २०५७ सम्म [[कोशी अञ्चल]] र [[मोरङ जिल्ला]]लाई प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगिताहरूमा नियमित सहभागिता जनाइरहे। उनले मोरङ जिल्ला र यूथ क्रिकेट क्लब, विराटनगरका टीमहरूलाई सफलतापूर्वक कप्तानी पनि गरे। पाण्डे ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९६ मा [[क्वालालम्पुर]]मा सम्पन्न १९९६ [[एसियाली क्रिकेट परिषद्|एसियन क्रिकेट काउन्सिल]] (एसीसी) ट्रफीमा बङ्गलादेश विरुद्ध नेपालको पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेल्ने पहिलो ११ खेलाडी मध्ये एक थिए। ब्रुनाई र [[जापान राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली|जापान]]लाई हराउँदै सो प्रतियोगिताको समूह चरणमा नेपाल छ टीम मध्ये चौंथो स्थानमा रहन सफल भयो। नेपालको पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट खेलका ओपनरद्वय पाण्डे र पवन अग्रवालमध्ये पाण्डेले नेपालको इनिङ्गको पहिलो बलको सामना गरे। उनले आफ्नो पहिलो खेलमा बलिङतर्फ ८ ओवरमा ३१ रन दिंदै १ विकेट लिए भने ब्याटिङमा १३ रन बनाए, जसक्रममा उनले ब्याकवार्ड स्क्वायर लेगतर्फ फ्लिक गर्दै नेपालका लागि पहिलो छक्का पनि प्रहार गरे।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chautari.org/forums/topic/2942-internation-journey-of-nepalese-cricket/|title=International Journey of Nepalese Cricket|last=|first=|date=|website=Nepali Students Chautari|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live|access-date=2020-06-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128063351/https://www.chautari.org/forums/topic/2942-internation-journey-of-nepalese-cricket/ |date=2022-11-28 }}</ref> पाण्डे नेपालका लागि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेटमा 'म्यान अफ द म्याच' पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी बने, जब उनले जापान विरुद्ध ७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९६ मा २७ रन बनाउनुका साथै १ विकेट पनि लिंदै नेपाललाई जिततर्फ अग्रसर गराए।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wicketnepal.com/24-year-ago-today-nepal-1st-match-vs-bng-wn20/|title=२४ वर्ष अघि आजकै दिन नेपाली क्रिकेट टिमले पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेलेको थियो|last=Rayamajhi|first=Birat Jung|date=6 September 2020|website=WicketNepal|language=ne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411080111/https://wicketnepal.com/24-year-ago-today-nepal-1st-match-vs-bng-wn20/|archive-date=2021-04-11|access-date=2020-09-08|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411080111/https://wicketnepal.com/24-year-ago-today-nepal-1st-match-vs-bng-wn20/ |date=2021-04-11 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/officialroutineofnepalbanda/posts/3047983301901109|title='Historic Day: On this day in 1996, Manish Raj Pandey became Nepal's first ever Man of the Match in international cricket during the 1996 ACC Trophy' by Routine of Nepal banda|last=|first=|date=|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live|access-date=2020-06-30}}</ref> उनको उत्कृष्ट बलिङ प्रदर्शन ११ सेप्टेम्बरमा ब्रुनाई विरुद्ध २२ रन खर्चंदै ३ विकेट लिनु थियो।<ref name=":0" /> सो प्रतियोगितामा उनले कुल ५ विकेट लिए। == खेल उपरान्त == पाण्डे सन् २०१८ देखि क्रिकेट खेलाडी संघ नेपाल (सीप्यान) का अध्यक्ष हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=CPAN - Executive Committee |url=http://thecpan.com/post/view?post_slug=executive-committee |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=Cricket Players' Association Nepal (CPAN) }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217135730/http://thecpan.com/post/view?post_slug=executive-committee |date=2020-02-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-26 |title=Pandey elected prez |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/manish-raj-pandey-elected-president-cricket-player-association-nepal/ |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Cricket and Conservation Come Together |url=https://ntnc.org.np/news/cricket-and-conservation-come-together |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=National Trust for Nature Conservation |language=en}}</ref> सन् २०२३ अगस्त १० मा उनी भक्तपुर जिल्ला क्रिकेट संघको अध्यक्ष निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=क्रिकेट संघ चुनाव : काठमाडौंमा घले र भक्तपुरमा पाण्डे |url=http://ekantipur.com/sports/2023/08/15/169211629028015444.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=भक्तपुर जिल्ला क्रिकेट संघको अध्यक्षमा मनिषराज पाण्डे निर्वाचित |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2023/08/1350786 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Online Khabar |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Setopati |first=सेतोपाटी संवाददाता |title=भक्तपुर जिल्ला क्रिकेट संघको अध्यक्षमा मनिषराज पाण्डे |url=https://www.setopati.com/sports/cricket/309419/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Setopati |language=ne}}</ref> क्रिकेट बाहिर पाण्डे प्रकृति संरक्षणको क्षेत्रमा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रकृति संरक्षण कोष]]मा कार्यरत छन्, जहाँ उनी जलवायु परिवर्तन र ज्ञान प्रबंधन विभाग का प्रमुख हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://ntnc.org.np/our-team |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=ntnc.org.np |language=en}}</ref> उनले प्राकृतिक विज्ञानमा [[विद्यावारिधी]] (पीएचडी) पनि प्राप्त गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eweb.ouc.edu.cn/93/c4/c900a37828/page.psp|title=OUC Alumnus Wins Nepal's Presidential Honor Award for Excellence in Academic|last=|first=|date=|website=Ocean University of China|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live|access-date=2020-06-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703054400/http://eweb.ouc.edu.cn/93/c4/c900a37828/page.psp |date=2020-07-03 }}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist}} {{नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडी}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७० मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:विराटनगरका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली क्रिकेट खेलाडीहरू]] 14smzrwgsy4may151hyumq0rgq1g9f5 0 122405 1372828 1333423 2026-08-31T01:54:43Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hindu temple |image=Vaishno devi.jpg |architecture= |website= {{url|https://www.maavaishnodevi.org}} |location=[[रियासी ज़िला|रियासी जिला]], [[जम्मू और कश्मीर]] |religious_affiliation=[[हिंदू]] |deity=महालक्ष्मी, महाकाली एवं महासरस्वती |temple_board=[[श्राइन बोर्ड]] |festivals=[[नौरथा|नवरात्रि]] |district=[[रियासी ज़िला]] |state=[[जम्मू और कश्मीर]] |country=[[भारत]] |province=[[जम्मू]] }} हिन्दू मान्यता अनुसार शक्तिलाई समर्पित पवित्र हिन्दू '''मन्दिरहरू मध्ये एक वैष्णो देवी मन्दिर''' [[भारत|भारतको]] [[जम्मु र कश्मीर|जम्मू कश्मीरमा]] त्रिकुट वा त्रिकुट पर्वतमा अवस्थित छ। यस '''मन्दिरको देवता, वैष्णो देवीलाई''' सामान्यतया '''माता रानी''' र '''वैष्णवी पनि भनिन्छ।''' [[जम्मु र कश्मीर|यो मन्दिर जम्मू कश्मीर राज्यको]] [[जम्मू]] जिल्लाको कटरा शहर नजिकै अवस्थित छ। यो उत्तरी भारतमा सबैभन्दा प्रतिष्ठित पवित्र ठाउँहरू [[उत्तर भारत|मध्ये एक हो।]] मन्दिर कात्रादेखि १२ किलोमिटर (७.४५   मील) को उचाईमा ५,२०० फिटमा अवस्थित छ । हरेक वर्ष लाखौं तीर्थयात्रीहरूले यस मन्दिर <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.samaylive.com/news/60000-pilgrims-visit-vaishno-devi-shrine-during-navratras/615962.html|title=संग्रहीत प्रति|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001053223/http://www.samaylive.com/news/60000-pilgrims-visit-vaishno-devi-shrine-during-navratras/615962.html|archivedate=1 अक्तूबर 2009|accessdate=16 दिसंबर 2009}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/33424|title=संग्रहीत प्रति|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705210346/http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/33424|archivedate=5 जुलाई 2009|accessdate=16 दिसंबर 2009}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705210346/http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/33424 |date=2009-07-05 }}</ref> [[तिरुपती बेङ्कटेश्वर मन्दिर|भ्रमण गर्छन् र तिरुमाला भेन्कटेश्वर मन्दिर पछि]] यो भारतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा तीर्थयात्रा स्थल हो। ''यो मन्दिर श्री माता वैष्णो देवी तीर्थ मण्डल'' भनिने ट्रस्ट द्वारा मर्मत गरिएको छ।उत्तर भारतको वैष्णो देवी पछि दोस्रो सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण मन्दिर उत्तर प्रदेशको सहारनपुर जिल्लामा अवस्थित [[शाकम्भरी]] देवी शक्तिपीठ हो। == तीर्थयात्रा == यहाँ पुग्नको लागि उधमपुरबाट [[उधमपुर|कतरासम्म]] रेल लिंक हालै निर्माण गरिएको छ। माता वैष्णो देवीको स्थान हिन्दुहरुको लागि प्रमुख तीर्थस्थल हो, जहाँ भारत र विश्व भर बाट लाखौं भक्तहरु भेट्न आउँछन्। == भैरोंनाथ मन्दिर == मान्यता अनुसार माता वैष्णो देवीले भैरोनाथलाई मारेको ठाउँ, भवनको नामले प्रसिद्ध छ। यस स्थानमा देवी महाकाली (दायाँ), महासरस्वती (बायाँ) र [[लक्ष्मी|महालक्ष्मी]] (मध्य) पिण्डको रूपमा गुफामा विराजमान छन्, यी तीन पिण्डहरूको यस एकीकृत रूपलाई वैष्णो देवी भनेर चिनिन्छ। मान्यता अनुसार भैरोनाथको हत्या भएको ठाउँमा उनको टाउको भवनबाट ३ किलोमिटर टाढा खसेको थियो, आज त्यो ठाउँलाई 'भैरोनाथको मन्दिर' भनेर चिनिन्छ। भनिन्छ कि उनको मृत्युदण्ड पछि भैरोनाथले आफ्नो गल्तीको लागि पश्चाताप गरे र देवीका लागि क्षमा मागे। एक मान्यता अनुसार, वैष्णो देवीले भैरोनाथलाई वरदान दिँदै भने कि " ''जबसम्म एक भक्तले तपाईलाई मेरो पछि नदेखे सम्म मेरो दर्शन पूर्ण मानिने छैन।'' यो मन्दिर वैष्णोदेवी मन्दिरबाट km किलोमिटरको दूरीमा अवस्थित छ। == वैष्णो देवीको मौसम == अधिकांश समय वैष्णोदेवीको हावापानी चिसो रहन्छ। किनभने वैष्णोदेवीको उचाइ [[समुद्र|समुन्द्र]] सतहबाट करिब ५ हजार २०० मिटर रहेको छ । गर्मीमा औसत तापक्रम लगभग २२ डिग्री सेल्सियस हुन्छ। जबकि दायरा 17 डिग्री सेल्सियस देखि अधिकतम 30 डिग्री सेल्सियस सम्म छ। जाडो मौसममा डिसेम्बर र जनवरी महिनामा हिउँ पर्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ । औसत तापमान लगभग 8 डिग्री सेल्सियस छ। र शून्य देखि १२ डिग्री सेल्सियसको बीचमा हुन्छ र कहिलेकाहीँ यो -२ डिग्री सेल्सियससम्म झर्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamgain |first=Gaurav |date=26 फरवरी 2023 |title=Temperature in Vaishno Devi |url=https://trekezy.com/temperature-in-vaishno-devi/ |url-status=live |access-date=03 जून 2023 |website=Trekezy }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603145733/https://trekezy.com/temperature-in-vaishno-devi/ |date=2023-06-03 }}</ref> == यातायात == वैष्णो देवीको नजिकको प्रमुख शहर [[जम्मू|जम्मू हो,]] जुन रेल, सडक र हवाका माध्यमबाट भारतका सबै प्रमुख शहरहरूमा जडित छ। जम्मू बस, ट्याक्सी, ट्रेन र विमान द्वारा पुग्न सकिन्छ। जम्मू भारतको नेशनल हाईवे १ ए मा अवस्थित छ, र भारतको रेल नेटवर्कसँग ब्रॉडगेज लाइन द्वारा जोडिएको छ। [[जम्मू|जम्मू जिल्लाको जम्मू]] शहरबाट ५० किलोमिटर टाढा कतराबाट १३.५ किलोमिटर टाढामा रहेको वैष्णोदेवीको मन्दिर वा भवन। मन्दिरको यात्रा यस शहरबाट शुरु हुन्छ। कत्राबाट पहाड चढ्ने ट्रेक बाहेक, त्यहाँ मन्दिरमा पुग्न पालकी, खच्चर र इलेक्ट्रिक सवारी साधनहरू पनि छन्। [[हेलिकोप्टर|यस बाहेक, हेलिकप्टर]] सेवा कटराबाट संजीछातसम्म पनि उपलब्ध छ जुन भवनबाट ९.५ किलोमिटर टाढा अवस्थित छ। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/travel/feature/how-to-reach-vaishno-devi-to-seek-maata-ranis-blessings_1872057.htm|title=Navratri special: How to reach Vaishno Devi to seek Mata Rani's blessings!|last=Ayushi Kakkar|date=April 8, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112132546/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/travel/feature/how-to-reach-vaishno-devi-to-seek-maata-ranis-blessings_1872057.htm|archivedate=12 नवंबर 2016|accessdate=2 सितंबर 2018}}</ref> जम्मै कतारा नगर सडकमा जोडिएको छ। पहिले रेलको सहयोगमा मात्र जम्मू पुग्न सम्भव थियो, तर २०१४ मा, कटरा श्री माता वैष्णो देवी कटरा रेलवे स्टेशन मार्फत जम्मू-बारामुल्ला रेल मार्गसँग जोडिएको थियो, जस पछि रेलमार्फत कत्रा पुग्न सम्भव छ। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bjp-manifesto-on-track-katra-station-first-stop/|title=PM to inaugurate Katra railway station on July 4|date=29 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902223557/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bjp-manifesto-on-track-katra-station-first-stop/|archivedate=2 सितंबर 2018|accessdate=2 सितंबर 2018}}</ref> ग्रीष्म ऋतुमा तीर्थयात्रीहरूको संख्यामा भएको अचानक वृद्धिलाई ध्यानमा राख्दै [[भारतीय रेल|रेलवेले]] प्रायः हरेक वर्ष दिल्लीदेखि कत्रासम्म विशेष रेलहरू चल्दछ। == नजिकैको भ्रमण == कटरा र जम्मूको नजिक धेरै दर्शनीय ठाउँहरू र पहाडी स्टेशनहरू छन्, जहाँ तपाईं जम्मूको शीतल दृश्यहरूको मजा लिन सक्नुहुन्छ। जम्मूमा अमर महल, बाहु फोर्ट, मानसार ताल, रघुनाथ मन्दिर आदि ठाउँहरू छन्। 'पाटनी टोप' जम्मूबाट ११२ किलोमिटरको दूरीमा प्रसिद्ध हिल स्टेशन हो। तपाईं यहाँ जाडोमा हिमपातको रमाइलो लिन सक्नुहुन्छ। शिव खोरी, झज्जर कोटली, सनासर, बाबा धनसार, मन्तलाइ, कुड, बाटोटे इत्यादि कत्रा नजिक धेरै रुचि स्थानहरू छन्। == तस्बिर पुस्तिका == <gallery> चित्र:Vaishno Devi Bhavan.jpg|वैष्णो देवी भवन चित्र:Vaishno Devi Entrance.jpg|जहाँबाट यात्रा सुरु हुन्छ त्यस ढोका। चित्र:Bhairav Mandir.jpg|भैरोंनाथ मन्दिर </gallery> == प्रसंग == <references></references> == बाह्य लिंकहरू == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190728093744/http://www.patnitop.net/: वैष्णो देवी र पाटनीटपको यात्रा कार्यक्रम] * https://vaishnodevi-org.com/[https://web.archive.org/web/20190413145951/http://www.matavaishnodevi.com/{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} : श्री माता वैष्णो देवी मा पूर्ण जानकारी को वेबसाइट] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090923192349/http://www.kashmirhotravel.com/Vaishno_Devi.asp माता वैष्णो देवीको पौराणिक कथा] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190816065328/https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/ श्री माता वैष्णो देवी तीर्थ मंडल] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124010320/https://vaishnodevi.co.in/ वैष्णो देवी संसाधन] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090706012448/http://www.indiatravelogue.com/leis/pilg/pilg5.html वैष्णो देवी मन्दिरको बारेमा विस्तृत जानकारी] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807154652/http://www.discoveryofindia.com/vaishno-devi-shrine.php वैष्णो देवी तीर्थयात्रा र यात्रा] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190421154700/http://www.merimaiya.com/ मेरी मैया वैष्णो देवी मा विस्तृत वेबसाइट] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090801034305/http://www.bharatekkhoj.com/vaishno-devi-shrine.php वैष्णो देवी मन्दिर र यात्रा जानकारी] * [https://spiritualworld.co.in/religious-songs-and-vrat-kathayen/hindu-aarti-collection/shri-vashno-devi-ki-gufa-main-hone-wali-aarti-in-hindi-and-english श्री वैष्णो देवीको गुफामा आरती गर्नु पर्छ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090414064123/http://www.angelfire.com/ma2/bharatanatyam/vaishnodevi.html वैष्णो देवी मांको कथा] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090924123733/http://www.onlinemandir.com/matarani/vashnodevi/index.html माता वैष्णो देवी हिन्दी संस्करणको कथा] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090705203347/http://abclive.in/abclive_regional/mata-vaishno-devi-shrine.html तत्काल दर्शन सेवा माता वैष्णो देवी मन्दिरमा प्रदान गरियो] * https://vaishnodevi-org.com/{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} माता वैष्णो देवी प्याकेजहरूको बारेमा जानकारी [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] i902uea0qgwrur3pac1eicn2l95xpmb 0 124850 1372812 1369029 2026-08-30T20:48:35Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372812 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Marine Le Pen 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|मरिन ले पेन (२०२२ मा)|alt=Marine Le Pen 2022 (cropped).jpg]] '''मारियन एनी पेरीन''' " '''मरिन''' " '''ले पेन''' ( {{IPA-fr|maʁin lə pɛn|lang}} ; जन्म ५ अगस्ट १९६८), (कहिलेकाहीँ उनको नामको पहिलो अक्षर '''MLP''' द्वारा उल्लेख गरिन्छ) एक फ्रान्सेली वकिल तथा राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् । उनी हाल २०२२को फ्रान्सेली राष्ट्रपति चुनावको दोस्रो चरणमा दुई उम्मेद्वार मध्ये एक हुन्। उनले २०११ देखी २०२१ सम्म नेसनल र्याली पार्टी (जसलाइ पहिले नेसनल फ्रन्ट भनिन्थ्यो )को अध्यक्षको रूपमा सेवा गरे। उनी २०१७ देखि पास-डे-कैलासको ११ औं निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्य बनेकी छिन्। उनलाई राजनीतिक स्पेक्ट्रममा [[दक्षिणपन्थी राजनीति|उग्र दक्षिण पन्थी]] स्थानमा राखिएको छ। । <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/macrons-far-right-rival-le-pen-reaches-all-time-high-presidential-second-round-2022-04-04/|title=Macron's far-right rival, Le Pen, reaches all-time high in presidential second-round vote poll|date=4 April 2022|website=Reuters|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405092217/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/macrons-far-right-rival-le-pen-reaches-all-time-high-presidential-second-round-2022-04-04/|archivedate=5 April 2022|accessdate=5 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/france-election-polls-macron-le-pen-closing-gap-5724661-Mar2022/|title=French far-right leader Marine Le Pen closing gap on Emmanuel Macron, new polls show|website=TheJournal.ie|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404050544/https://www.thejournal.ie/france-election-polls-macron-le-pen-closing-gap-5724661-Mar2022/|archivedate=4 April 2022|accessdate=5 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61029655|title=French election: Far-right Le Pen closes in on Macron ahead of vote|date=8 April 2022|work=BBC News|access-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408053116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61029655|archive-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/7/what-is-behind-the-rise-of-the-far-right-in-france|title=What is behind the rise of the far right in France?|last=Alsaafin|first=Linah|website=aljazeera.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409105224/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/7/what-is-behind-the-rise-of-the-far-right-in-france|archivedate=9 April 2022|accessdate=9 April 2022}}</ref> ले पेनले आफ्नो छविलाई नरम बनाउन अभियानको नेतृत्व गरेको छिन्, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/21/525110143/marine-le-pens-brutal-upbringing-shaped-her-worldview|title=Marine Le Pen's 'Brutal' Upbringing Shaped Her Worldview|date=21 April 2017|work=NPR.org|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408205957/https://www.npr.org/2017/04/21/525110143/marine-le-pens-brutal-upbringing-shaped-her-worldview|archive-date=8 April 2018|publisher=NPR}}</ref> जसमा [[नस्लवाद]], सेमिटिज्म वा पेटेनवादको आरोप लागेका सदस्यहरूको निष्कासन सिमित गर्ने समावेश छन् । उनले आफ्ना बुबाले नयाँ विवादास्पद बयान दिएपछि अगस्ट २०१५ मा आफ्ना बुबालाई पार्टीबाट निष्कासन गरिन्। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/front-national/defile-du-fn-comment-marine-le-pen-va-marginaliser-son-pere_891797.html|title=Défilé du FN : comment Marine Le Pen va marginaliser son père|last=Francetv info|date=May 2015|publisher=Francetvinfo.fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216214108/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/front-national/defile-du-fn-comment-marine-le-pen-va-marginaliser-son-pere_891797.html|archivedate=16 February 2017|accessdate=21 July 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bfmtv.com/mediaplayer/video/l-after-rmc-jean-marie-le-pen-est-assez-marginalise-et-esseule-dans-sa-tentative-de-combattre-le-front-national-louis-aliot-805626.html|title=L'after RMC: " Jean-Marie Le Pen est assez marginalisé et esseulé dans sa tentative de combattre le Front national ", Louis Aliot|publisher=Bfmtv.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216232011/http://www.bfmtv.com/mediaplayer/video/l-after-rmc-jean-marie-le-pen-est-assez-marginalise-et-esseule-dans-sa-tentative-de-combattre-le-front-national-louis-aliot-805626.html|archivedate=16 February 2017|accessdate=21 July 2016}}</ref> समलिङ्गी विवाहको विरोध, बिना शर्त गर्भपतनको विरोध र [[मृत्युदण्ड]]को समर्थन जस्ता नीतिलाई खारेज गरेर पार्टीको छबी सुर्धार्दै गर्दा, ले पेनले अझै पनि कडा आप्रवासी विरोधी, [[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[संरक्षणवाद|संरक्षणवादी]] उपायहरू जस्ता आफ्नो पार्टीका धेरै ऐतिहासिक नीतिहरूलाई विशेष ध्यान दिएर वकालत गर्छिन्। <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4358&title=The+de-demonisation+of+the+Front+National|title=The de-demonisation of the Front National|date=26 March 2013|work=[[Policy Network]]|access-date=3 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002420/http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4358&title=The+de-demonisation+of+the+Front+National|archive-date=31 August 2018}}</ref> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/marine-le-pen-se-prononce-pour-un-pacs-ameliore-pour-les-homosexuels-838460.html|title=Marine Le Pen "pour un Pacs amélioré" pour les homosexuels|date=6 October 2014|work=BFM TV|access-date=18 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211142238/https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/marine-le-pen-se-prononce-pour-un-pacs-ameliore-pour-les-homosexuels-838460.html|archive-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2016/12/05/35003-20161205ARTFIG00223-ivg-marion-marechal-le-pen-recadree-par-sa-tante.php|title=IVG : Marion Maréchal-Le Pen recadrée par sa tante|date=6 December 2016|work=Le Figaro|access-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824195841/http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2016/12/05/35003-20161205ARTFIG00223-ivg-marion-marechal-le-pen-recadree-par-sa-tante.php|archive-date=24 August 2019}}</ref> उनी [[आर्थिक राष्ट्रवाद]]को पक्षमा छिन्, सरकारको हस्तक्षेपकारी भूमिकाको पक्षमा छिन् र [[विश्वव्यापीकरण]] र बहुसांस्कृतिकताको विरोधी छिन्। ले पेनले अध्यागमनलाई सीमित गर्न, धार्मिक वधमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने र खतनाको वैधानिकतालाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाउन समर्थन गर्दछ। <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/05/no-ross-douthat-there-is-no-case-for-marine-le-pen.html|title=No, There Is No Case for Le Pen|last=Mounk|first=Yascha|authorlink=Yascha Mounk|date=2017-05-01|website=Slate Magazine|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411140300/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/05/no-ross-douthat-there-is-no-case-for-marine-le-pen.html|archivedate=11 April 2022|accessdate=2022-04-10|quote=This becomes most apparent in Le Pen’s views on the headscarf and the yarmulke: While some of her rivals would outlaw these in public schools, Le Pen wants to ban them in all public places. In conjunction with her opposition to ritual slaughter and male circumcision...}}</ref> अमेरिकी र [[नाटो|उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]] ([[नाटो]]) नीतिको आलोचक मानिने पेनले फ्रान्सलाई उनीहरूको प्रभाव क्षेत्रबाट हटाउने वाचा गरेकी छिन्। <ref name="Russia">{{Cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20110413/163514574.html|title=France to ditch NATO, embrace Russia if National Front comes to power|date=13 April 2011|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812032855/http://en.rian.ru/world/20110413/163514574.html|archivedate=12 August 2013|accessdate=14 April 2011}}</ref> ले पेनले विगतमा [[भ्लादिमिर पुटिन]] र रुसको सहयोगी टिप्पणीहरू गरेका छन्, [[सन् २०२२ युक्रेनमा रूसी आक्रमण|सन् २०२२ युक्रेनमा रूसी आक्रमणको]] अघि नजिकको सहयोगको वकालत गर्दै; उनले [[रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध|युक्रेन युद्धको]] कडा निन्दा गरे, तर यदि यो समाप्त भयो भने रसिया " फेरि फ्रान्सको सहयोगी बन्न" सक्ने कुरा बताइन् । <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/Marine-Le-Pen-says-on-TV-Russia-could-become-ally-to-France-again|title=Marine Le Pen: 'Putin could become ally to France again'|website=connexionfrance.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408201221/https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/Marine-Le-Pen-says-on-TV-Russia-could-become-ally-to-France-again|archivedate=8 April 2022|accessdate=9 April 2022}}</ref> ले पेनलाई [[टाइम (पत्रिका)|''टाइम्स म्यागजिन'']]ले सन् २०११ र २०१५ मा विश्वका १०० प्रभावशाली व्यक्तिहरूमध्ये एकको रूपमा चित्रण गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2015/04/16/piketty-et-marine-le-pen-dans-le-classement-des-personnalites-influentes-de-time_4617474_3236.html|title=Thomas Piketty et Marine Le Pen parmi les 100 personnalités influentes du " Time "|date=16 April 2015|work=Le Monde.fr|access-date=28 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203182653/http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2015/04/16/piketty-et-marine-le-pen-dans-le-classement-des-personnalites-influentes-de-time_4617474_3236.html|archive-date=3 December 2016}}</ref> २०१६ मा, उनलाई ''[[पोलिटिको]]''ले [[युरोपेली संसद]]को अध्यक्ष मार्टिन शुल्ज पछि, युरोपेली संसदमा दोस्रो-सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली युरोपेली संसद सदस्यको श्रेणीमा राखेको थियो ।   <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politico.eu/list/the-40-meps-who-actually-matter-european-parliament-mep/|title=The 40 MEPs who actually matter: the ranking|date=19 May 2016|website=Politico|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011000317/http://www.politico.eu/list/the-40-meps-who-actually-matter-european-parliament-mep/|archivedate=11 October 2016|accessdate=21 May 2016}}</ref> ==राजनैतिक स्थान == ===आर्थिक नीति === उर्जाको क्षेत्रमा, ले पेनले [[परमाणु भट्टी|परमाणु]] र [[जलविद्युत उर्जा|जलविद्युत]] उर्जालाई समर्थन गर्दै फ्रान्स उर्जामा आत्मनिर्भर हुनुपर्ने कुरामा जोड दिन्छन् । ले पेन वायु उर्जाको सख्त विरोधी हुन्; उनले सन् २०२२बाट नया वायु उर्जाको विकासमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने प्रस्ताव र अन्तत सम्पूर्ण वायु टर्बाइन हटाउने प्रस्ताव गरेकी छिन् ।<ref>https://mlafrance.fr/pdfs/manifeste-m-la-france-programme-presidentiel.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410190956/https://mlafrance.fr/pdfs/manifeste-m-la-france-programme-presidentiel.pdf|date=10 April 2022}} {{Bare URL PDF|date=April 2022}}</ref> ले पेन [[स्वतन्त्र व्यापार]]को विरोधी र [[संरक्षणवाद]]को पक्षधर हुन् । <ref name="autogenerated18">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=116192|title=The 2012 great alternation is built in 2011|date=15 November 2010|work=Nations Presse Info|language=fr|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906014455/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=116192|archive-date=6 September 2012|access-date=23 November 2010|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227032206/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=116192 |date=27 December 2010 }}</ref> उनी आर्थिक राष्ट्रवाद<ref name="absorb">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6112|title=In order to absorb our debt: repeal the 1973 Law!|date=30 November 2010|work=Front National|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201195017/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6112|archive-date=1 December 2010|access-date=9 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>, लगानी र रिटेल बैंकिंग को पृथकीकरण<ref name="dexia">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=7553|title=Dexia fall: Marine Le Pen's proposals in order to get over the banking stagnation|date=5 October 2011|publisher=Front National|language=fr|access-date=9 October 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412020720/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=7553 |date=12 April 2023 }}</ref> र उर्जा विविधता<ref name="marcoule">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=7343|title=Marcoule's nuclear accident: the urgency to secure the plants|date=12 September 2011|publisher=[[National Front (France)|Front National]]|language=fr|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160227032105/http://www.frontnational.com/2013/09/leuro-est-un-systeme-darwinien/|archive-date=27 February 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=18 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160227032105/http://www.frontnational.com/2013/09/leuro-est-un-systeme-darwinien/ |date=27 February 2016 }}</ref> को हिमायती र सार्वजनिक सेवा र [[सामाजिक सुरक्षा|सामाजिक सुरक्षा को]] [[निजीकरण]]<ref name="gas">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6524|title=New scandalous rise in gas prices : the state must regain the control of the situation|date=1 March 2011|publisher=[[National Front (France)|Front National]]|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825013929/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6524|archive-date=25 August 2011|access-date=27 April 2011|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825013929/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6524 |date=25 August 2011 }}</ref>, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कमोदिती बजारमा हुने सट्टाबाजी<ref name="gas" />, र साझा कृषी नीति<ref name="pias">{{cite news|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Election-presidentielle-2012/Actualite/Marine-Le-Pen-en-tenue-de-campagne-au-Salon-de-l-Agriculture-274415/|title=Marine Le Pen visits the Paris International Agricultural Show|date=25 February 2011|work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]]|access-date=26 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228073401/http://www.lejdd.fr/Election-presidentielle-2012/Actualite/Marine-Le-Pen-en-tenue-de-campagne-au-Salon-de-l-Agriculture-274415/|archive-date=28 February 2011|language=fr|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228073401/http://www.lejdd.fr/Election-presidentielle-2012/Actualite/Marine-Le-Pen-en-tenue-de-campagne-au-Salon-de-l-Agriculture-274415/ |date=28 February 2011 }}</ref>को को विरोधी हुन्। ले पेन [[विश्वव्यापीकरण|भूमण्डलीकरण]] ([[विश्वव्यापीकरण]])को विपक्षमा छिन्, उनी विभिन्न नकारात्मक आर्थिक प्रवृत्तिका लागि [[विश्वव्यापीकरण|भूमण्डलीकरणलाई]] दोष दिन्छिन्, र युरोपियन युनियन अतिराष्ट्रवाद र संघीयताको विरोध गर्छिन्, बरु एक खुकुलो कन्फेडेरेट 'युरोप अफ द नेसन्स' को पक्षमा छिन्।<ref name="dupes">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=3699|title=Sarkozy dupes the French while with his cronies at Davos|date=27 January 2010|publisher=[[National Front (France)|Front National]]|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727111146/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=3699|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=4 November 2010|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727111146/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=3699 |date=27 July 2011 }}</ref> उनी फ्रान्सले युरोजोन छोड्नु पर्नेमा<ref name="realproblem">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/videos/%C2%AB-le-vrai-probleme-c%E2%80%99est-l%E2%80%99euro-%C2%BB/|title=Marine Le Pen: "The real problem is the Euro!"|date=4 May 2010|work=Front National|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521170918/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/%C2%AB-le-vrai-probleme-c%E2%80%99est-l%E2%80%99euro-%C2%BB/|archive-date=21 May 2018|access-date=4 November 2010|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521170918/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/%C2%AB-le-vrai-probleme-c%E2%80%99est-l%E2%80%99euro-%C2%BB/ |date=21 May 2018 }}</ref> र र फ्रान्समा [[युरोपेली सङ्घ]] त्याग्नको लागि जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="frexit">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36653390|title=Brexit 'most important moment since Berlin Wall': Le Pen|work=BBC News|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914024458/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36653390|archive-date=14 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> यद्यपि, २०१९ मा, उनले फ्रान्सलाई युरोपेली संघ वा युरो मुद्रा छोड्नको लागि वकालत गर्न छोडिन्<ref name="chrisafis">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/26/marine-le-pen-national-rally-ahead-of-macron-centrist-party-french-exit-polls|title=Marine Le Pen ahead of Macron's centrist party, say French exit polls|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=26 May 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310054849/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/26/marine-le-pen-national-rally-ahead-of-macron-centrist-party-french-exit-polls|archive-date=10 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>। उनी लिस्बन सन्धीको विपक्षी<ref name="Treaty of Lisbon">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=1763|title=Reform of the French Post's statute: a serious undermining of the public utilities|date=3 October 2009|publisher=Front National|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927132646/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=1763|archive-date=27 September 2011|access-date=29 December 2010|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927132646/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=1763 |date=27 September 2011 }}</ref> हुन् र [[टर्की]] र [[युक्रेन|युक्रेनको]] योरोपेली संघको सदस्यताको विरोध गर्छिन्।<ref name="turkish">{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+CRE+20090312+ITEM-010+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&query=INTERV&detail=4-256|title=European Parliament resolution on Turkey's progress report 2008 (explanations of vote)|date=12 March 2009|publisher=[[European Parliament]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629103601/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT+CRE+20090312+ITEM-010+DOC+XML+V0%2F%2FEN&language=EN&query=INTERV&detail=4-256|archive-date=29 June 2020|access-date=20 November 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ukrinform.ua">"[http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625 Marine Le Pen: Ukraine's association with EU – best option] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308061856/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625|date=8 March 2014}}". [[Ukrinform]]. 26 June 2013</ref> ले पेनले फ्रान्सलाई [[नाटो|उत्तर एट्लान्टिक सन्धि सङ्गठन]] ([[नाटो]]) र अमेरिकी प्रभाव क्षेत्रबाट बाहिर निकाल्ने वाचा गरेका छन्।<ref name="Russia2">{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20110413/163514574.html|title=France to ditch NATO, embrace Russia if National Front comes to power|date=13 April 2011|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812032855/http://en.rian.ru/world/20110413/163514574.html|archive-date=12 August 2013|access-date=14 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले [[विश्व व्यापार सङ्गठन|विश्व व्यापार संगठन]]को प्रतिस्थापन<ref name="MLPCP">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/videos/protections-aux-frontieres-comment-relancer-l%E2%80%99industrie-et-l%E2%80%99emploi/|title=Protections at boundaries: how to revive industry and employment ?|date=10 June 2011|publisher=Front National|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055257/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/protections-aux-frontieres-comment-relancer-l%E2%80%99industrie-et-l%E2%80%99emploi/|archive-date=7 November 2017|access-date=5 November 2011|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055257/http://www.frontnational.com/videos/protections-aux-frontieres-comment-relancer-l%E2%80%99industrie-et-l%E2%80%99emploi/ |date=7 November 2017 }}</ref><ref name="MLPWDC">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=149279|title=Marine Le Pen's press conference at the National Press Club in Washington|date=3 November 2011|work=Nations Presse Info|language=fr|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218093013/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=149279|archive-date=18 February 2013|access-date=4 November 2011|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104173249/http://www.nationspresse.info/?p=149279 |date=4 November 2011 }}</ref> र [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मुद्रा कोष]]को उन्मूलन प्रस्ताव गरेकी छिन्।<ref name="abolition">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6965|title=Marine Le Pen launches the debate about the future of IMF|date=20 May 2011|publisher=[[National Front (France)|Front National]]|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602151724/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6965|archive-date=2 June 2011|access-date=21 May 2011|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602151724/http://www.frontnational.com/?p=6965 |date=2 June 2011 }}</ref> ===विदेश नीति === ले पेनले टर्कीका राष्ट्रपति [[रजेप तैयप एर्दोगान|एर्दोगान]]को आलोचना गरेका छन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201025-controverse-avec-erdogan-marine-le-pen-appelle-%C3%A0-durcir-la-r%C3%A9ponse|title=Controverse avec Erdogan : Marine Le Pen appelle à durcir la réponse|date=25 October 2020|work=France 24|access-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410135015/https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20201025-controverse-avec-erdogan-marine-le-pen-appelle-%C3%A0-durcir-la-r%C3%A9ponse|archive-date=10 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले [[कतार]] र [[साउदी अरब|साउदी अरेबिया]] जस्ता देशहरूसँग फ्रान्सले राखेको विशेष सम्बन्धको पनि आलोचना गरिन्, जसलाई उनले "[[कतार]] र [[साउदी अरब|साउदी अरेबिया]]ले इस्लामवादी कट्टरपन्थीहरूलाई आर्थिक सहयोग गर्न र सशस्त्र बनाउन मद्दत गरिरहेको<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.capital.fr/economie-politique/marine-le-pen-voit-un-mensonge-d-etat-sur-l-arabie-et-le-qatar-1004218|title=Marine Le Pen voit un mensonge d'Etat sur l'Arabie et le Qatar|date=13 January 2015|work=Capital.fr|access-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410135531/https://www.capital.fr/economie-politique/marine-le-pen-voit-un-mensonge-d-etat-sur-l-arabie-et-le-qatar-1004218|archive-date=10 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>" कुरा बताएकी थिइन्, जबकि उनले [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]] र [[इजिप्ट]]सँग घनिष्ठ सम्बन्धलाई जोड दिएकी छिन् ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/french-far-right-courting-uae-funding-presidential-election-campaign|title=French far-right 'courting UAE funding' for presidential election campaign|date=30 October 2016|work=[[The New Arab]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520122441/https://web/20210520122441/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/french-far-right-courting-uae-funding-presidential-election-campaign |date=20 May 2021 }}</ref> उनले रुससँग विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त साझेदारीको स्थापनालाई समर्थन गरिन्,<ref name="Russia3">{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20110413/163514574.html|title=France to ditch NATO, embrace Russia if National Front comes to power|date=13 April 2011|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812032855/http://en.rian.ru/world/20110413/163514574.html|archive-date=12 August 2013|access-date=14 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> र युक्रेनलाई संयुक्त राज्यले "वशमा" लिएको विश्वास गर्छिन्।<ref name="vassal">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/2014/12/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington/|title=L'Ukraine de l'Ouest désormais " ouvertement " vassalisée par Washington|publisher=Front National|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706153814/http://www.frontnational.com/2014/12/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington/|archive-date=6 July 2015|access-date=17 December 2014|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706153814/http://www.frontnational.com/2014/12/lukraine-de-louest-desormais-ouvertement-vassalisee-par-washington/ |date=6 July 2015 }}</ref> उनी यस क्षेत्रमा नाटोको पूर्वी युरोपमा रुस विरोधी भावना र आर्थिक प्रतिबन्धको धम्की<ref name="ukrinform.ua2">"[http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625 Marine Le Pen: Ukraine's association with EU – best option] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308061856/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/marine_le_pen_ukraines_association_with_eu___best_option_305625|date=8 March 2014}}". [[Ukrinform]]. 26 June 2013</ref> दिने नीतिको कडा आलोचना थिइन्।<ref name="vassal" /> युक्रेनमा [[सन् २०२२ युक्रेनमा रूसी आक्रमण|सन् २०२२ रूसी आक्रमण]]को प्रतिक्रियामा, ले पेनले उनको अघिल्लो रुस समर्थक अडानको बाबजुद रूसको यस कार्यको आलोचना गरिन् ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk//article/french-presidential-hopefuls-forced-into-u-turns-on-russia-ldxp97t9z|title=French election 2022: Presidential hopefuls forced into U-turns on Russia after Ukraine invasion|last1=Bremner|first1=Charles|date=25 February 2022|work=The Times|access-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226070218/https://www.thetimes.co.uk//article/french-presidential-hopefuls-forced-into-u-turns-on-russia-ldxp97t9z|archive-date=26 February 2022|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले युद्धबाट भागेका युक्रेनी शरणार्थीहरूलाई स्वागत गर्ने वकालत गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe-begins-welcoming-ukrainian-refugees/6461723.html|title=Europe Begins Welcoming Ukrainian Refugees|date=27 February 2022|work=VOA News|access-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326063732/https://www.voanews.com/a/europe-begins-welcoming-ukrainian-refugees/6461723.html|archive-date=26 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले निर्वाचित भएमा फ्रान्सलाई नेटोको एकीकृत सैन्य कमाण्डबाट हटाउने बताएकी छिन् ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/world/europe/le-pen-nato-russia-germany.html|title=Le Pen Backs NATO-Russia Reconciliation and Reduced French Role in Alliance|last=Cohen|first=Roger|date=2022-04-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=2022-04-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===अन्य मुद्दा === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६८ मा जन्म]] a1okfxvhlptj8ehcy5t7lc6g03rvznv 0 130370 1372815 1371828 2026-08-30T22:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | full name = Mohamed bin Rashid bin Saeed bin Maktoum Al Maktoum | native name = محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم | image = Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (15-02-2021).jpg | caption = Sheikh Mohammed in 2021 | spouse = ''[[#Wives and children|See list]]'' | issue = ''[[#Wives and children|See list]]'' | father = [[Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum]] | mother = Latifa bint Hamdan Al Nahyan | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|07|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Al Shindagha]], [[दुबई]], [[Trucial States]]<br/> (अहिले [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स|संयुक्त अरब एमिरेट्स]]) | succession = उप-राष्ट्रपति {{labeldata|Assumed&nbsp;office|5 January 2006}} {{labeldata|President|[[खलिफा बिन जायद अल नाहयान]] (2006–2022)<br>[[मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान]] (2022–present)}} | predecessor = [[मकतुम बिन रसिद अल मकतुम]] | successor = | succession1 = ४ औं प्रधानमन्त्री, युएइ {{labeldata|Assumed office|11 February 2006}} {{labeldata|President|[[खलिफा बिन जायद अल नाहयान]]<br>[[मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान]]}} {{labeldata|Deputy|{{plainlist| * [[Hamdan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]] (2006–2009) * [[Sultan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]] (2006–2009) * [[मन्सुर बिन जायद अल नाह्यान]] (2009–present) * [[Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] (2009–present) * [[मकतुम बिन मोहम्मद अल मकतुम]] (2021–present) }}}} | predecessor1 = मकतुम बिन रसिद अल मकतुम | successor1 = | succession2 = संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सको [[रक्षा मन्त्री]] {{labeldata|Assumed office|9 December 1971}} {{labeldata|President|{{plainlist| * [[जायद बिन सुल्तान अल नाह्यान]] (1971–2004) * खलिफा बिन जायद अल नाहयान (2004–2022) * मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान (2022–present) }}}} | predecessor2 = ''Position established'' | successor2 = | succession3 = [[दुबई इमिरेट्स|दुबई]]का शासक | reign3 = 4 January 2006 – present | predecessor3 = [[मकतुम बिन रसिद अल मकतुम]] | successor3 = [[Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum]] | suc-type3 = [[Heir apparent]] | succession4 = [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सको राष्ट्रपति|कार्यबाहक राष्ट्रपति,संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]] {{labeldata|In office|13 – 14 May 2022<ref>{{cite news |title=UAE president Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed dies |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uae-president-sheikh-khalifa-bin-zayed-dies-wam-agency-2022-05-13/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=13 May 2022}}</ref>}} | predecessor4 = [[खलिफा बिन जायद अल नाहयान]] | successor4 = [[मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | module = {{Infobox police officer | embed=yes | department = दुबई पुलिस फोर्स | serviceyears = 1968–1970 | rank = Head of Dubai Police and Public Security | website = [https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/h-h-sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum Official website] }} }} [[शेख]] '''मोहम्मद बिन रशीद अल मकतूम''' ( {{Lang-ar|محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم}} ; {{Transliteration|ar|Muḥammad bin Rāshid ʾĀl Maktūm}} ; जन्म: 1५ जुुुलाई १९४९) [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]] (UAE) को उपराष्ट्रपति, [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|प्रधानमन्त्री]], र रक्षा मन्त्री साथै [[दुबई इमिरेट्स|दुबई]]का शासक हुन् । <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tec.gov.ae/en/dubai-government/rulers-of-dubai/|title=Dubai Rulers|publisher=Government of Dubai|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019075927/http://tec.gov.ae/en/dubai-government/rulers-of-dubai|archivedate=19 October 2016|accessdate=2 March 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019075927/http://tec.gov.ae/en/dubai-government/rulers-of-dubai |date=19 October 2016 }}</ref> उनी [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स|युएई]]का पूर्व-उपराष्ट्रपति तथा दुबईका शासक शेख राशिद बिन सईद अल मकतूमका तेस्रो छोरा हुन्। सन् २००६ मा उनको दाइ मकतुमको मृत्यु भएपछि युएईको उप-राष्ट्रपति र दुबईको शासकको स्थानमा उनी उत्तराधिकारी भएका थिए। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Dubai: The Making of a Megapolis|date=January 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7OokHr76UBsC&pg=PT159}}</ref> अरबपति,<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/openlux/luxembourg-companies-lead-to-luxury-real-estate-across-europe|title=Luxembourg Companies Lead to Luxury Real Estate Across Europe|last=OCCRP|website=OCCRP|language=en|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> मोहम्मदले आफ्नो अधिकांश आम्दानी घर जग्गाबाट उत्पन्न गर्छन्। उहाँलाई "विश्वको सबैभन्दा प्रमुख घर जग्गा विकासकर्ताहरू मध्ये एक" भनेर वर्णन गरिएको छ। उहाँको स्वामित्वमा रहेको जग्गा राज्यको सम्पत्तिको रूपमा व्यवस्थापन गरिन्छ। <ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Herb|first=Michael|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1287d29|title=The Wages of Oil: Parliaments and Economic Development in Kuwait and the UAE|date=2014|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-5336-6|pages=110–111|jstor=10.7591/j.ctt1287d29}}</ref> दुबई सरकार र सत्तारुढ अल मकतूम परिवारको सम्पत्तिहरू बीचको अस्पष्ट रेखा छ। <ref name=":7" /> उनले दुबईको विश्वव्यापी शहरको रूपमा विकासको निरीक्षण गरे, साथै एमिरेट्स एयरलाइन, डीपी वर्ल्ड, र जुमेराह समूह लगायत सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका धेरै उद्यमहरूको सुरुवात गरे। यी मध्ये केहि दुबई होल्डिंग द्वारा आयोजित छन्। <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51762543|title=Sheikh Mohammed Al Maktoum: Who is Dubai's ruler?|date=16 February 2021|work=BBC News|access-date=13 April 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dubai-model-analysis-1-idUSTRE5AQ3FD20091127|title="Dubai model" was the vision of one man|last=Analysis|first=Andrew Hammond-|date=27 November 2009|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=13 April 2021|language=en}}</ref> मोहम्मदले दुबईमा टेक्नोलोजी पार्क, फ्री इकोनोमिक जोन, दुबई इन्टरनेट सिटी, दुबई मिडिया सिटी,<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/how-dubai-became-dubai|title=How Dubai Became Dubai|date=2013-02-27|work=nextcity.org|access-date=2022-10-20|language=en}}</ref> दुबई इन्टरनेशनल फाइनान्स सेन्टर, पाम टापु <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-oct-13-fg-dubai13-story.html|title=In Dubai, the Sky's No Limit|date=13 October 2005|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>र बुर्ज अल अरब होटल जस्ता केही परियोजनाहरूको विकासको निरीक्षण गरेका छन्। उनले विश्वको सबैभन्दा अग्लो भवन [[बुर्ज खलिफा]]को निर्माण पनि सञ्चालन गरेका थिए ।<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/eb00cfcc-f9a0-11db-9b6b-000b5df10621|title=Dubai ruler has big ideas for the little city-state|date=3 May 2007|website=www.ft.com|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/eb00cfcc-f9a0-11db-9b6b-000b5df10621|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== सेख मोहम्मद दुबईका शासक सेख रसिद बिन सइद अल मकतुमका चार मध्ये तेस्रो छोरा थिए। अल मकतुम परिवार [[दुबई]]को सत्तासीन खानदान हो। यो खानदान अल-फलासी वंशको वंशज हो जसको मुखियालाई सेख मोहम्मद भनिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sheikhmohammed.co.ae/english/dubai/dubai_almaktoum.asp | title=Rulers of Dubai (archived version) | publisher=www.sheikhmohammed.ae | access-date=27 October 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018025527/http://sheikhmohammed.co.ae/english/dubai/dubai_almaktoum.asp | archive-date=18 October 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018025527/http://sheikhmohammed.co.ae/english/dubai/dubai_almaktoum.asp |date=18 October 2007 }}</ref> उनका आमा शेखा लतिफा बिन्त हम्दान अल नाह्यन हुन्। उनी अबुधाबीका पूर्व शासक हम्दान बिन जायद बिन खलिफा अल नाह्यानका छोरी हुन्। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Spirit of the Union: Lecture on the Occasion of the United Arab Emirates' Fortieth National Day |url=https://archive.org/details/spiritofunionlec0000shei |author=Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |year=2012 |isbn=9781860633300 |location=Dubai, UAE |pages=[https://archive.org/details/spiritofunionlec0000shei/page/34 34] |oclc=957655419}}</ref> मोहम्मदको प्रारम्भिक जीवन भव्य थिएन। उनको बाल्यकाल बिना बिजुलीको घरमा बित्यो। उनको परिवार एउटै कोठामा पङ्खाको मुनि सुत्नु पर्थ्यो। गार्ड र नोकरहरू गरि सय भन्दा धेरै मानिसहरू उनको घरमा बस्थे।<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Krane |first=Jim |url=http://archive.org/details/dubaistoryofworl0000kran |title=Dubai: The Story of the World's Fastest City |publisher=Atlantic |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84887-009-3 |location=London |pages=180–181}}</ref> ===शिक्षा === ==राजनैतिक जीवन== ===दुबई पुलिस === [[File:Shaikh Mohmmed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Airforce.jpg|thumb|Sheikh Mohammed at the Dubai Air Show, 2007]] सैन्य तालिम पछि मोहम्मद दुबई फर्किए पछि उनको पिताले उनलाई दुबई पुलिस फोर्स र दुबई डिफेन्स फोर्स (जुन पछि संघीय रक्षा बल बन्यो)को प्रमुखमा नियुक्त गरे। त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर २० वर्ष मात्र थियो। <ref name="UAE">{{Cite news|url=https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/h-h-sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum|title=H. H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum – The Official Portal of the UAE Government|date=|work=[[United Arab Emirates]]|access-date=15 April 2021|language=en}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718104109/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/h-h-sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum |date=18 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Krane|first=Jim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJWrVWZuUJEC|title=City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism|date=15 September 2009|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4299-1899-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> ===रक्षामन्त्री === १९६८ जनवरी मा, उनका बुबा राशिद र शेख जायद बिन सुल्तान अल नाह्यान पहिलो पटक दुबई र अबु धाबी बीचको मरुभूमिमा अर्गोउब एल सेदिरा मा<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=Spirit of the Union|url=https://archive.org/details/spiritofunionlec0000shei|last=Maktoum|first=Mohammed|publisher=Motivate|year=2012|isbn=978-1-86063-330-0|location=Dubai|pages=[https://archive.org/details/spiritofunionlec0000shei/page/29 29]}}</ref> ट्रुसियल राज्यहरूबाट बेलायत फिर्ता भएपछी आमाअरत हरूको संघा बनाउन सहमत भएको भेटमा उनी उपस्थित भएका थिए । जब २ डिसेम्बर १९७१ मा [[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]]को नयाँ राष्ट्र स्थापना भयो, उनी २२ वर्षको उमेरमा यस राष्ट्रको पहिलो रक्षा मन्त्री बने। <ref name="aps31may">{{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/UAE+-+Profiles+-+Ministers.-a0117430159|title=UAE – Profiles – Ministers|date=31 May 2004|newspaper=APS Review Downstream Trends|access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> ===दुबईका युवराज === १९९५ जनवरी ३ मा, शेख मोहम्मदका जेठा दाजु मकतुम बिन रसिदले उनलाई र उनका भाइ हम्दान बिन रसिद लाइ दुबईको युवराज नियुक्त गर्ने दुई आदेशमा हस्ताक्षर गरे।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/01/04/Dubai-ruler-appoints-crown-prince/8479789195600/|title=Dubai ruler appoints crown prince|date=4 January 1995|work=[[United Press International|UPI]]|access-date=15 April 2021|language=en|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415104837/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/01/04/Dubai-ruler-appoints-crown-prince/8479789195600/|url-status=live}}</ref> युवराज नियुक्त भएको बेलामा मोहम्मद रक्षा मंत्री थिए, जुन पदमा उनी १९७१ डिसेम्बर ९ देखि पदासिन थिए।1,<ref name="UAE"/> मोहम्मदले १९९५ को उत्तरार्धमा "दुबई सपिङ फेस्टिभल" सुरु गरे. वार्षिक आयोजना हुने यो कार्यक्रम युएईको अर्थतन्त्रमा महत्वपूर्ण योगदानाकर्ता हो. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hess|first=Anna|date=29 January 2017|title=How Dubai's Shopping Festival Marks a Liberalized Economy|url=https://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/01/how-dubais-shopping-festival-marks-a-liberalized-economy/|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Penn Political Review|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509054353/https://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/01/how-dubais-shopping-festival-marks-a-liberalized-economy/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509054353/https://pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/01/how-dubais-shopping-festival-marks-a-liberalized-economy/ |date=9 May 2021 }}</ref> सन् २००१ मा, शेख मोहम्मदले दुबई भन्सारका प्रमुख र विश्व भन्सार संघका अध्यक्ष ओबैद सक्र बिन-बुसिटलाई गिरफ्तार गर्ने आदेश दिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1163740.stm|title = Customs chief on corruption charges|date = 10 February 2001|work = BBC News|access-date = 1 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107163830/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1163740.stm|archive-date = 7 November 2014}}</ref> ===दुबईका शासक, युएईका उप-राष्ट्रपति तथा प्रधानमन्त्री === [[File:The Ruler of Dubai His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, in New Delhi on March 11, 2010.jpg|thumb|left|[[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[मनमोहन सिंह]]को साथमा, मार्च २०१० ]]२००६ जनवरी ४ मा उनका दाजु मकतुमको मृत्य पछी, मोहम्मद दुबईको शासक बने. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4582236.stm|title=Dubai's formidable new ruler|last=Wheeler|first=Julia|date=5 January 2006|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=30 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231000857/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4582236.stm|archive-date=31 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> अर्को दिन, संघीय राष्ट्रिय परिषदले उनलाई युएईको नयाँ उप-राष्ट्रपतिको रुपमा चयन गर्यो. फेब्रुअरी ११ मा, राष्ट्रपति खलिफा बिन जायद अल नाहयानले उनलाई प्रधानमन्त्रीमा गरेको मनोनयनलाई परिषद स्वीकृत गर्यो. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uaepm.ae/English/PrimeMinister/Pages/Biography.aspx|title=Biography|publisher=United Arab Emirates Prime Minister|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125110449/http://uaepm.ae/English/PrimeMinister/Pages/Biography.aspx|archive-date=25 January 2015|access-date=27 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> मोहम्मदले 2006 मा दुबई इस्हिटाब्लिसमेन्ट फर विमिन्स डेभलपमेन्ट (Dubai Establishment for Women Development) गठन गर्न एक कानून जारी गरे, २००९ मा दुबई विमिन्स इस्हिटाब्लिसमेन्ट ( Dubai Women's Establishment) रूपमा नामकरण गरियो। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2009/Law%20No.%20(36)%20of%202009.pdf|title=Law No. (36) of 2009 Amending Law No. (24) of 2006 Establishing the Dubai Establishment for Women Development|date=|work=Government of Dubai|access-date=2022-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203093119/https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2009/Law%20No.%20(36)%20of%202009.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2021|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/press-releases/story/Dubai_Electricity_and_Water_Authority_is_the_Gold_Sponsor_of_the_4th_Arab_Women_Leadership_Forum_-ZAWYA20141023095431/|title=Dubai Electricity and Water Authority is the Gold Sponsor of the 4th Arab Women Leadership Forum|date=23 October 2014|publisher=Zawya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914102119/https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/press-releases/story/Dubai_Electricity_and_Water_Authority_is_the_Gold_Sponsor_of_the_4th_Arab_Women_Leadership_Forum_-ZAWYA20141023095431/|archive-date=14 September 2021|access-date=14 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> उनले सन् २०१५ मा युएई जेन्डर ब्यालेन्स काउन्सिल (UAE Gender Balance Council) पनि गठन गरेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/press/releases/towards-gender-balance-in-governments|title=Towards Gender Balance in Government|date=10 February 2015|publisher=World Government Summit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914103634/https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/press/releases/towards-gender-balance-in-governments|archive-date=14 September 2021|access-date=14 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-forms-gender-balance-council-to-empower-women-1.2581|title=Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid forms Gender Balance Council to empower women|date=2015-02-10|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|access-date=2022-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912202129/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-forms-gender-balance-council-to-empower-women-1.2581|archive-date=12 September 2021|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, Mohammed led the UAE Council of Ministers meeting that ratified a [[Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement|peace agreement with Israel]], normalizing diplomatic relationships between the countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2020/10/19/UAE-Cabinet-approves-peace-deal-with-Israel|title=UAE Cabinet approves peace deal with Israel|date=19 October 2020|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508142222/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2020/10/19/UAE-Cabinet-approves-peace-deal-with-Israel|archive-date=8 May 2021|access-date=30 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The council, again headed by Sheikh Mohammed, approved the decision to found an Emirati embassy in [[Tel Aviv]] in January, and Mohammed swore in the first Emirati ambassador to Israel, Mahmoud Al Khajah, a month later.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-emirates-israel-diplomacy-idUSKBN2AE0NZ|title=UAE swears in country's first ambassador to Israel - Dubai media office|date=2021-02-14|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2023-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200226/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-emirates-israel-diplomacy-idUSKBN2AE0NZ|archive-date=2021-09-12|language=en}}</ref> ==== अन्तरिक्ष खोज ==== Mohammed founded the [[Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre]] in 2015,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://wam.ae/en/details/1395279405288|title=Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre established|date=2015-04-18|work=[[Emirates News Agency]]|access-date=2022-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053137/https://wam.ae/en/details/1395279405288|archive-date=26 May 2022|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> which announced it would be launching a spacecraft to [[Mars]] to study the planet’s atmosphere;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-facts-on-hope-the-uaes-mars-mission-al-amal/a-54067401|title=The facts on Hope: The UAE's Mars mission 'Al-Amal' {{!}} DW {{!}} 09.02.2021|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821135910/https://www.dw.com/en/the-facts-on-hope-the-uaes-mars-mission-al-amal/a-54067401|archive-date=21 August 2021|access-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> He stated that the planet was chosen for its "epic challenge,"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/07/16/u-a-e-plans-arab-worlds-first-mission-to-mars/|title=U.A.E. plans Arab world's first mission to Mars|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116110118/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/07/16/u-a-e-plans-arab-worlds-first-mission-to-mars/|archive-date=16 January 2022|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|url-status=live}}</ref> saying it would benefit the Emirati economy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/uaes-space-programme-to-take-economy-to-a-new-frontier-1.109664|title=UAE's space programme to take economy to a new frontier|date=2015-12-20|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|access-date=2022-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821135910/https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/uaes-space-programme-to-take-economy-to-a-new-frontier-1.109664|archive-date=21 August 2021|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> He announced that the mission would be called Hope after a public vote, as the name would "send a message of optimism to millions of young Arabs,"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/uae-positions-2020-mars-probe-as-catalyst-for-a-new-generation-of-arab-scientists-and-engineers/|title=UAE Positions 2020 Mars Probe as "Catalyst" for New Generation of Scientists and Engineers|date=6 May 2015|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219202255/https://spacenews.com/uae-positions-2020-mars-probe-as-catalyst-for-a-new-generation-of-arab-scientists-and-engineers/|archive-date=19 February 2023|access-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> since "Arab civilisation once played a great role in contributing to human knowledge, and [would] play that role again."<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=HHShkMohd|author=Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum|date=6 May 2015|number=595912196049096706|title=Arab civilisation once played a great role in contributing to human knowledge, and will play that role again}}</ref> Mohammed announced that the [[Emirates Mars Mission|Hope mission]] had succeeded at orbit insertion on 9 February 2021,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56060890|title=UAE Hope mission returns first image of Mars|date=14 February 2021|work=BBC News|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814083405/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56060890|archive-date=14 August 2021|language=en-GB|url-status=live}}</ref> and shared the first picture the probe had captured days later. Hope became the first Arab mission to space, as well as the first of three missions in July 2020—the others from the US and China—to arrive at Mars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/09/mars-probe-uae-attempts-to-become-first-arab-country-to-reach-mars-with-hope-probe.html|title=United Arab Emirates becomes the first Arab country to reach Mars|last=Murphy|first=Natasha Turak,Dan|date=9 February 2021|website=CNBC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324000939/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/09/mars-probe-uae-attempts-to-become-first-arab-country-to-reach-mars-with-hope-probe.html|archive-date=24 March 2022|access-date=22 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2021/02/14/UAE-s-Mars-Mission-Hope-probe-sends-first-photo-of-planet-s-surface|title=UAE's Mars Mission 'Hope' probe sends first photo of planet's surface|date=14 February 2021|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216042956/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2021/02/14/UAE-s-Mars-Mission-Hope-probe-sends-first-photo-of-planet-s-surface|archive-date=16 February 2022|access-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, Mohammed announced a second mission, this one to the moon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/uae-moon-mission-ispace-lander-2022|title=Japanese ispace lander to carry UAE moon rover to lunar surface in 2022|last=April 2021|first=Mike Wall 14|date=14 April 2021|website=Space.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825120549/https://www.space.com/uae-moon-mission-ispace-lander-2022|archive-date=25 August 2021|access-date=22 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2020/09/29/UAE-to-launch-new-Emirati-space-mission-to-explore-moon-Dubai-ruler|title=UAE to launch new Emirati space mission to explore moon: Dubai ruler|date=29 September 2020|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821135910/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2020/09/29/UAE-to-launch-new-Emirati-space-mission-to-explore-moon-Dubai-ruler|archive-date=21 August 2021|access-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Emirates Lunar Mission]] will use a rover reportedly built entirely in the UAE,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/24/middleeast/uae-moon-rover-mission-scn-spc-intl/index.html|title=UAE hopes this tiny lunar rover will discover unexplored parts of the moon|date=2020-11-24|work=CNN|access-date=2023-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821203857/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/24/middleeast/uae-moon-rover-mission-scn-spc-intl/index.html|archive-date=2021-08-21|language=en}}</ref> and is scheduled for 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uae-partners-with-japans-ispace-send-rover-moon-2022-2021-04-14/|title=UAE partners with Japan's ispace to send rover to the moon in 2022|date=14 April 2021|website=[[Reuters]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315162208/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uae-partners-with-japans-ispace-send-rover-moon-2022-2021-04-14/|archive-date=15 March 2022|access-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> ===अन्तरिक्ष खोज=== ==व्यवसायिक जीवन== ===एमिरेट्स एयरलाइन्सको सुरुवात=== ===बुर्ज अल अरब र जुमेराह=== ===दुबई ईन्टरनेट सिटि र टेकम=== ===पाल्म आइल्यान्ड=== [[File:ISS-47 Palm Jumeirah, Dubai.jpg|thumb|[[Palm Jumeirah]] seen from space]] पाल्म आइल्याण्ड को बिकास र निर्माण नाखिल प्रोपर्टिज (Nakheel Properties)ले गरेको थियो, जसको संस्थापक मोहम्मद थिए.।<ref name=":162">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=38351|title=Sheikh Mohammed and the Making of 'Dubai, Inc.'|last1=Mayo|first1=Anthony|last2=Nohria|first2=Nitin|website=Harvard Business School|last3=Mendhro|first3=Umaimah|last4=Cromwell|first4=Johnathan|access-date=21 June 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718040401/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=38351 |date=18 July 2021 }}</ref> ==रूचि, गतिविधि र परोपकारी कार्य== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९४९ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सका उपराष्ट्रपतिहरू]] 0g2611pd2n3tc6heb46wc8p7k52i01a 0 133312 1372808 1362023 2026-08-30T18:36:40Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372808 wikitext text/x-wiki यो '''[[सार्वजनिक ऋण#ऋण प्राप्ति स्रोतको अनुसार|बाह्य ऋण]]को आधारमा देशहरूको सूची''' हो। == सूची == {{Static row numbers}} {| {{Static row numbers table}} |+बाह्य ऋणको आधारमा देशहरूको सूची |- ! देश ! data-sort-type="numeric" ! |बाह्य ऋण<br /> <small>[[अमेरिकी डलर]] </small> ! मिति !! data-sort-type="numeric" |[[प्रतिव्यक्ति आय]]<br /><small>US dollars</small> ! data-sort-type="numeric" ! |ऋण-जिडिपी अनुपात<!-- Thousands separators will be displayed automatically. 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|{{Format price|2259127000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=http://www.bde.es/webbde/en/estadis/bpagos/deudae.pdf|access-date=2018-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107113551/https://www.bde.es/webbde/en/estadis/bpagos/deudae.pdf|archive-date=2017-11-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|48700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|170}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|क्यानडा}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3201900000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics Canada|url=http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&id=3760148&p2=33|access-date=2018-04-04|archive-date=2017-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091128/http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&id=3760148&p2=33|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|52300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|143}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|अस्ट्रेलिया}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1833532100000}}|| ३१ सेप्टेम्बर २०२०<ref>{{cite web|title=Australian Bureau of Statistics|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats%5Cabs@.nsf/0/F819B0F0ED6658B1CA257C76007C944E?Opendocument|access-date=2017-07-09}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|71906}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|130}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|स्विट्जरल्यान्ड}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1820695000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/switzerland/external-debt|access-date=2018-04-04|archive-date=2018-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031901/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/switzerland/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|213100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|285}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|सिङ्गापुर}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1669200000000}}|| ३० जुन २०२१<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics Singapore|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/methodologies-standards/data-dissemination-standard/national-summary-page#external_sector|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501190735/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/methodologies-standards/data-dissemination-standard/national-summary-page#external_sector|archive-date=2016-05-01|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501190735/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/methodologies-standards/data-dissemination-standard/national-summary-page#external_sector |date=2016-05-01 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|231000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|471}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|बेल्जियम}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1278465000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=National Bank of Belgium|url=http://stat.nbb.be/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EXTDBPM6&lang=en|website=NBB|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518165824/http://stat.nbb.be/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EXTDBPM6&lang=en|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518165824/http://stat.nbb.be/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EXTDBPM6&lang=en |date=2017-05-18 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|112000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|269}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|मेक्सिको}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|769313000000}}|| जनवरी २०२३<ref>{{cite web|title=Mexico National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/mexico/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428063404/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/mexico/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|51.7}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|अस्ट्रिया}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|757055300000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२०<ref>{{cite web|title=Oesterreichische NationalBank|url=https://www.oenb.at/isaweb/report.do?lang=EN&report=9.1.10|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171259/https://www.oenb.at/isaweb/report.do?lang=EN&report=9.1.10|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|84061}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|165}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|नर्वे}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|721000000000}}|| जुन २०२२<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/norway/external-debt#:~:text=Norway%20External%20Debt%20reached%20721.0,bn%20in%20the%20previous%20quarter | title=Norway External Debt, 2003 – 2022 &#124; CEIC Data }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|132676}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|133.4}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|दक्षिण कोरिया}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|718892000000}}|| सेप्टेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=South Korea National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/korea/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428062440/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/korea/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|7500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|48.1}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|फिनल्यान्ड}}|| align="right" |६१३.९ billion|| ३१ मार्च २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/finland/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002022104/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/finland/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|24578}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|218}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|भारत}}|| align="right" |६१०.५ billion|| सेप्टेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Quarterly External Debt Report for quarter ending September 2022 |url=https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Quarterly%20Report%20on%20India%27s%20External%20Debt%20as%20at%20end-Sept%202022.pdf}}</ref>|| align="right" |४३७|| align="right" |{{Format price|19.2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|ब्राजिल}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|556418000000}}|| ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Banco Central do brazil|url=https://www.bcb.gov.br/ingles/economic/seriehistdivextbru.asp|website=BCB|access-date=2017-11-04|archive-date=2017-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322114357/https://www.bcb.gov.br/ingles/economic/seriehistdivextbru.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|38}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|नेदरल्यान्ड}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|554890000000}}||डिसेम्बर २०२१<ref>{{cite web|title=Netherlands: National debt|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276719/national-debt-of-the-netherlands/|access-date=2022-04-19}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|26540}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|52}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|इन्डोनेसिया}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|517723000000}}|| जनवरी २०२३<ref>{{cite web|title=Indonesia National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/indonesia/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1431}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|39.5}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|डेनमार्क}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|491617000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Danmarks Nationalbank|url=http://www.nationalbanken.dk/en/statistics/find_statistics/Pages/External-debt-position.aspx|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002022546/http://www.nationalbanken.dk/en/statistics/find_statistics/Pages/External-debt-position.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|85700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|158}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|रुस}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|489200000000}}|| १ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.ru/eng/statistics/macro_itm/svs/ext-debt/|title=Estimate of External Debt of the Russian Federation as of September 30, 2021 &#124; Bank of Russia|website=www.cbr.ru|access-date=October 15, 2021|archive-date=September 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902105751/https://cbr.ru/eng/statistics/macro_itm/svs/ext-debt/|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|32}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|टर्की}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|444100000000}}|| ३१ मार्च २०२२ <ref>{{cite web|title=T.C. Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı|url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/brut-dis-borc-stoku-444-1-milyar-dolar-oldu,1024706|access-date=2022-06-16|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331111813/https://t24.com.tr/haber/brut-dis-borc-stoku-444-1-milyar-dolar-oldu,1024706|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|5155}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|55}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|अर्जेन्टिना}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|382281000000}}|| ३१ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Argentina National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/argentina/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428060358/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/argentina/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6037}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|79.3}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|ग्रिस}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|349674000000}}|| सेप्टेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Greece National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/greece/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428063827/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/greece/national-government-debt|archive-date=2023-04-28|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|42800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|175.7}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|पोल्यान्ड}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|343547000000}}|| डिसेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Poland National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/poland/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428060731/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/poland/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|9500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|49.3}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|पोर्तगाल}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|291612000000}}|| डिसेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web |title=Portugal External Debt Position |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/portugal/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|39478}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|113.9}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|थाइल्यान्ड}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|285493000000}}|| जनवरी २०२३<ref>{{cite web |title=Thailand National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/thailand/national-government-debt|publisher=CEIC Data|access-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429001449/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/thailand/national-government-debt|archive-date=2023-04-29 |url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2170}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|53.6}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Philippines}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|251141000000}}|| जनवरी २०२३<ref>{{cite web|title=Philippines National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/philippines/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428020609/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/philippines/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3623}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|60.9}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Malaysia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|245350000000}}|| डिसेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malaysia/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-28|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428021228/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malaysia/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|60.4}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Ireland}}|| align="right" | {{Format price|227600000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Statista|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/270408/national-debt-of-ireland/|access-date=2019-01-13|archive-date=2019-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114044528/https://www.statista.com/statistics/270408/national-debt-of-ireland/|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|49000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|701}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Ukraine}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|225281000000}}|| ३० जुन २०२१<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Debt of Ukraine|url=https://index.minfin.com.ua/ua/economy/foreigndebt/|access-date=2021-10-15|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628075230/https://index.minfin.com.ua/ua/economy/foreigndebt/|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|81}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|220400000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ae|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ae|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ae |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|23500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|59}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|200900000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sa|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sa|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sa |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|31}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Mauritius}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|199710000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१८<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/mauritius/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171327/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/mauritius/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|148000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2.01}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Taiwan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|199051000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१८<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Bank of the Republic of China (TAIWAN)|url=https://www.cbc.gov.tw/public/data/economic/statistics/bop/Debt2.pdf|access-date=2018-08-20|archive-date=2018-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093906/https://www.cbc.gov.tw/public/data/economic/statistics/bop/Debt2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|7400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|28}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|New Zealand}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|191943700000}}|| ३१ मार्च २०२०<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/new-zealand/external-debt|access-date=2020-07-04|archive-date=2020-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714195254/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/new-zealand/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|38400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|90}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Chile}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|186697000000}}|| ३१ मार्च २०१९<ref>{{cite web|title=Deuda Externa - Banco Central de Chile|url=https://www.bcentral.cl/en/deuda-externa|access-date=2019-07-23|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723133746/https://www.bcentral.cl/en/deuda-externa|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|9771}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|82}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Puerto Rico}}'' (United States)|| align="right" |{{Format price|167400000000}}|| ३१ जनवरी २०१५ <small>est.</small>|| align="right" |{{Format price|47800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|164}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Kazakhstan}}|| align="right" |१६७ billion|| ३१ मार्च २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kazakhstan/external-debt|access-date=2017-08-06|archive-date=2017-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806023053/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kazakhstan/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|9100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|91}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Qatar}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|159200000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#qa|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#qa|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#qa |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|68100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|83}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Egypt}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|157800000000}}|| मार्च २०२२ est.<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/egypt/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612111143/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/egypt/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|34}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Hungary}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|148024000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/hungary/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170712/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/hungary/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|15000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|160}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|South Africa}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|142833000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/south-africa/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425015152/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/south-africa/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2600}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|57}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Vietnam}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|141978000000}}|| डिसेम्बर २०२१<ref>{{cite web|title=Vietnam National Government Debt|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/vietnam/national-government-debt|access-date=2023-04-29|archive-date=2023-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429002448/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/vietnam/national-government-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|39.1}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Czech Republic}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|137606000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Czech National Bank|url=http://www.cnb.cz/en/statistics/bop_stat/external_debt/zz_usd_en.htm|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171655/http://www.cnb.cz/en/statistics/bop_stat/external_debt/zz_usd_en.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|13000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|76}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Pakistan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|122210000000}}|| ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२१<ref>{{cite web|work=The Express Tribune|title=Business Pakistan's external debt soars to record $91.8b|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1711866/2-pakistans-external-debt-soars-record-91-8b/|access-date=2018-05-30|archive-date=2018-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625000119/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1711866/2-pakistans-external-debt-soars-record-91-8b/|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|554}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|43}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Colombia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|121097200000}}|| ३१ जनवरी २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612114426/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|57}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Cyprus}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|119672000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/cyprus/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170902/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/cyprus/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|97200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|849}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Venezuela}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|110878000000}}|| ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०१५<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/venezuela/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612111245/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/venezuela/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|23}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Romania}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|108880000000}}|| ३१ जुलाई २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/romania/external-debt|access-date=2017-07-09|archive-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706192826/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/romania/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|5100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|58}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Malta}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|96251300000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malta/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918020827/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malta/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|223000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|691}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Sweden}}|| align="right" |{{Format price| 94924477062}}|| ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/sweden/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807020236/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/sweden/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|94330}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|23}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Israel}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|89438400000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boi.org.il/he/DataAndStatistics/Pages/IndicatorsDynamic.aspx?Level=1&IndicatorId=7&sId=2|title=Bank Of Israel|access-date=2017-06-30|archive-date=2017-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721181143/http://www.boi.org.il/he/DataAndStatistics/Pages/IndicatorsDynamic.aspx?Level=1&IndicatorId=7&sId=2|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721181143/http://www.boi.org.il/he/DataAndStatistics/Pages/IndicatorsDynamic.aspx?Level=1&IndicatorId=7&sId=2 |date=2017-07-21 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|10700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|33}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Slovakia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|86630000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/slovakia/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170859/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/slovakia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|15900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|112}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bangladesh}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|78430000000}}|| १६ अक्टोबर २०२१<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/bangladeshs-per-capita-foreign-debt-buildup-hits-460-1634348084|access-date=2021-10-16|archive-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706220712/https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/bangladeshs-per-capita-foreign-debt-buildup-hits-460-1634348084|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|460}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Peru}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|74651200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/peru/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612104536/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/peru/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|44}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Iraq}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|68010000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#iz|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#iz|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#iz |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|44}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Morocco}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|63748848000}}|| १ मार्च २०२२<ref>[Euromoney https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/morocco/external-debt Institutional Investor Company Morocco External Debt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127083754/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/morocco/external-debt |date=27 يناير 2022}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|46}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Slovenia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|51980800000}}|| ३० अप्रिल २०२०<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/slovenia/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171500/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/slovenia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|25000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|104}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Kuwait}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|47890000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ku|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ku|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ku |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|11700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|51}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Sri Lanka}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|46585700000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/sri-lanka/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112319/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/sri-lanka/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|68}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Croatia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|46084700000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/croatia/external-debt|access-date=2022-11-01|archive-date=2022-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021033/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/croatia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|10700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|74}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Sudan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|45000000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१५<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/sudan/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612113438/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/sudan/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|121}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Latvia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|41147000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/latvia/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171330/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/latvia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|21200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|126}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|40419000000}}|| ३१ जनवरी २०१८<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulgarian National Bank|url=http://www.bnb.bg/PressOffice/POStatisticalPressReleases/POPRSGrossExternalDebt/index.htm|access-date=2018-04-04|archive-date=2018-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409122618/http://www.bnb.bg/PressOffice/POStatisticalPressReleases/POPRSGrossExternalDebt/index.htm|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409122618/http://www.bnb.bg/PressOffice/POStatisticalPressReleases/POPRSGrossExternalDebt/index.htm |date=2018-04-09 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|5700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|63}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Lebanon}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|39580000000}}|| ३० अप्रिल २०२२<ref>{{cite web|title=Moody's Analytics|url=https://www.economy.com/lebanon/outstanding-public-debt-foreign|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|220}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Belarus}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|38975000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/belarus/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612113610/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/belarus/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|4000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|66}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Angola}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|37700000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ao|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ao|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ao |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|41}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Ecuador}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36747200000}}|| ३१ अगस्ट २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/ecuador/external-debt|access-date=2017-11-04|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170709/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/ecuador/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|57}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Lithuania}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36427700000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/lithuania/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170638/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/lithuania/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|12700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|74}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Serbia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|27954000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/serbia/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806221635/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/serbia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|62}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Jordan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|27756400000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/jordan/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021030/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/jordan/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|83}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Cuba}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26320000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cu|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cu|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cu |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|34}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Uruguay}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26149200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/uruguay/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612113427/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/uruguay/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|7600}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|50}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Dominican Republic}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26050000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dr|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dr|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dr |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Mongolia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|25215000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/mongolia/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2017-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021123/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/mongolia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|7800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|245}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Tunisia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|25124700000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१२<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/tunisia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112856/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/tunisia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|97}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Costa Rica}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24910000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cs|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cs|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cs |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|5100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|43}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Iceland}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24390600000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/iceland/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021120/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/iceland/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|72700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|81}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Ethiopia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22490000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#et|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#et|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#et |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|220}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|32}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Kenya}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22171900000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kenya/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171046/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kenya/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|370}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22040000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pp|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pp|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pp |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|111}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Trinidad & Tobago}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|21532100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Bank of Trinidad & Tobago|url=http://www.central-bank.org.tt/content/debt-annual|access-date=2017-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511143302/http://www.central-bank.org.tt/content/debt-annual|archive-date=2017-05-11|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511143302/http://www.central-bank.org.tt/content/debt-annual |date=2017-05-11 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|15700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|76}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Ghana}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|21170000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gh|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gh|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gh |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|30}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bahrain}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|21160000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ba|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ba|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ba |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|14900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|66}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Oman}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|20850000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mu|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mu|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mu |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|4400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|35}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Estonia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|20525100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/estonia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706191219/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/estonia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|15700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|89}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Guatemala}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|19090000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gt|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gt|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gt |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|28}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Palau}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|18380000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१४ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|846000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6.21}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Panama}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|18341000000}}|| २८ फेब्रुअरी २०१८<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/panama/external-debt|access-date=2018-04-04|archive-date=2018-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093807/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/panama/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|4400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|157}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bahamas}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|17560000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|44200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|194}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Jamaica}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|16760000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#jm|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#jm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#jm |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|122}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Monaco}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|16500000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१० <small>est.</small>|| align="right" |{{Format price|434000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|240}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Georgia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|16416500000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/georgia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112209/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/georgia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|128}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Paraguay}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|16122400000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bolivia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112946/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bolivia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|54}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Tanzania}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|15890000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tz|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tz|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tz |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|280}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|34}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|15750000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uz|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-09|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uz|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uz |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Nigeria}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|15047000000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/nigeria/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112220/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/nigeria/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|60}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|El Salvador}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|14900000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#es|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#es|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#es |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|56}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Laos}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|11980000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#la|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#la|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#la |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|53}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Nicaragua}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|11100000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nu|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nu|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nu |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|83}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Zimbabwe}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|10900000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#zi|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-08|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#zi|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#zi |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|670}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|77}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Luxembourg}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|10617780000}}|| ३१ मार्च २०२० <ref>{{cite web|title=Trésorerie de l'État|url=https://te.public.lu/fr/dette_publique/moyen_long_terme/Caracteristiques_de_la_dette_de_l_Etat_central.html|access-date=2020-06-08|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607222903/https://te.public.lu/fr/dette_publique/moyen_long_terme/Caracteristiques_de_la_dette_de_l_Etat_central.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607222903/https://te.public.lu/fr/dette_publique/moyen_long_terme/Caracteristiques_de_la_dette_de_l_Etat_central.html |date=2020-06-07 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|114704}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22.1}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Albania}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|10461000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२०<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/albania/external-debt|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-31|archive-date=2020-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509150200/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/albania/external-debt}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3634}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|66}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Ivory Coast}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|10028100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१५<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/ivory-coast/nigeria/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023215511/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/country/ivory-coast|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|420}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Cambodia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|9824400000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/cambodia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612104413/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/cambodia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|600}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|57}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Mozambique}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|9554000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sy|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sy|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sy |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|320}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|72}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Zambia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|9270000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#za|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#za|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#za |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|540}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|45}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Honduras}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|8042000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ho|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ho|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ho |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|38}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7866800000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kyrgyzstan/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612104904/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kyrgyzstan/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|112}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|North Macedonia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7645500000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/macedonia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612111930/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/macedonia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|73}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Cameroon}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7375000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cm|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cm |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Yemen}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7191500000}}|| ३१ जनवरी २०१५<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/azerbaijan/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112120/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/azerbaijan/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|260}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|21}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Iran}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7116000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ir|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-09|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ir|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ir |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|90}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6913200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref name=autogenerated4 />|| align="right" |{{Format price|1300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Moldova}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6594700000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/moldova/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612111859/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/moldova/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1600}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|70}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Namibia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6515000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wa|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wa|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wa |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|64}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bolivia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6340800000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१५<ref name=autogenerated1 />|| align="right" |{{Format price|600}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|33}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Uganda}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6241000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ug|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ug|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ug |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|150}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Senegal}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6186000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sg|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sg|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sg |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|390}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|42}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Armenia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6053100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२०<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/armenia/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612112545/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/armenia/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2043}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|102}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Myanmar}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6401200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१५<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/myanmar/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612111426/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/myanmar/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|120}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|17}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Syria}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|5918000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref name=autogenerated3 />|| align="right" |{{Format price|300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|5331000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cg|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-08|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cg|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cg |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|70}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|13}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Gabon}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|5158000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gb|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gb|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gb |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|35}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|North Korea}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|5000000000}}|| २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kn|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kn|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kn |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|18}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|4817000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cf|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-08|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cf |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|55}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|4716600000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bosnia-and-herzegovina/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006214608/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bosnia-and-herzegovina/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|23}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Barbados}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|4490000000}}|| २०१० <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bb|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bb|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bb |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|15700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|100}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Montenegro}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|4408000000}}|| २६ मार्च २०२१<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-26 |title=Saopštenje sa 16. sjednice Vlade Crne Gore |url=https://www.gov.me/vijesti/241430/Saopstenje-sa-16-sjednice-Vlade-Crne-Gore.html |access-date=2021-03-27 |website=Government of Montenegro |archive-date=2021-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326185626/https://www.gov.me/vijesti/241430/Saopstenje-sa-16-sjednice-Vlade-Crne-Gore.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6742}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|151}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Madagascar}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|4007000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ma|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ma|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ma |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|160}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|41}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Algeria}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3838000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१९<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/algeria/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612111813/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/algeria/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|89}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Mali}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3626000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ml|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ml|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ml |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Mauritania}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3585000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mr|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mr|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mr |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|840}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|76}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Libya}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3531000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ly|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ly|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ly |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|550}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|9}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Nepal}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3450200000}}|| ३१ जुलाई २०१५<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/nepal/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612113056/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/nepal/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|120}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|16}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Burkina Faso}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3092000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uv|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uv|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uv |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|160}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Somalia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|3054000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#so|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#so|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#so |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|270}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|52}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Niger}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2729000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ng|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ng|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ng |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|130}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Seychelles}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2552000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#se|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#se|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#se |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|26200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|180}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Rwanda}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2442000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#rw|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#rw|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#rw |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|29}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Bermuda}}'' (UK)|| align="right" |{{Format price|2435000000}}|| २०१५ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bd|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bd|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bd |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|39700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|47}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Kosovo}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2389700000}}|| ३० जुन २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kosovo/external-debt|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-date=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162046/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/kosovo/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|37}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Benin}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2340000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bn|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bn|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bn |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Tajikistan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2274100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/tajikistan/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612113259/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/tajikistan/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|260}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|38}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Bhutan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2261000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bt|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bt|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bt |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|108}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Haiti}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2022000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ha|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ha|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ha |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|180}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|24}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Malawi}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1921000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mi|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mi|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mi |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|39}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|South Sudan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1918620000}}|| २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/#economy|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/#economy |date=2022-07-06 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|167}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|62.70}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Chad}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1875000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cd|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cd|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cd |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|130}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|18}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Botswana}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1685400000}}|| ३१ मार्च २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=Euromoney Institutional Investor Company|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/botswana/external-debt|access-date=2017-05-06|archive-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612114052/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/botswana/external-debt|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|720}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|8}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Palestine}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1662000000}}|| ३१ मार्च २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#we|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#we|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#we |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|340}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|35}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Cape Verde}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1660000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cv|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cv|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cv |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|99}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Sierra Leone}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1561000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sl|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sl|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sl |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|230}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1364000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bh|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bh|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bh |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|12}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Djibouti}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1339000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dj|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dj|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dj |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|71}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Guinea}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1332000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref name=autogenerated5 />|| align="right" |{{Format price|100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|20}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Belize}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1327000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref name=autogenerated2 />|| align="right" |{{Format price|3500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|75}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Afghanistan|Taliban}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1280000000}}|| FY-२०१०/११<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#af|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#af|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#af |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|40}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Suriname}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1235000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ns|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ns|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ns |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|30}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Togo}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1173000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#to|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#to|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#to |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|150}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Guyana}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1143000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१५<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean Development Bank|url=http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CountryStrategyPaper_Guyana_2017-2020.pdf|access-date=2017-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417094417/http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CountryStrategyPaper_Guyana_2017-2020.pdf|archive-date=2018-04-17|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417094417/http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CountryStrategyPaper_Guyana_2017-2020.pdf |date=2018-04-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1500}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Andorra}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1111920000}}|| २०१४ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/#economy|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110207/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110207/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/#economy |date=2022-07-06 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|14345}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|41}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Liberia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1111000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#li|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#li|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#li |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|230}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|51}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1095000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१० <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pu|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pu|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pu |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|570}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|94}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Lesotho}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|948800000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#lt|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#lt|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#lt |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|430}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|53}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Faroe Islands}}'' (Denmark)|| align="right" |{{Format price|888800000}}|| २०१०<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fo|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fo|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fo |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|18400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|38}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Fiji}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|833400000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fj|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fj|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fj |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|18}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Eritrea}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|820200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#er|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#er|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#er |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|150}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|15}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Maldives}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|741600000}}|| २०१४ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mv|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mv|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#mv |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2000}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|23}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Burundi}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|705200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#by|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-04-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#by|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#by |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|60}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|26}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Aruba}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|693200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१४ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#aa|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#aa|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#aa |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6600}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|28}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Central African Republic}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|686900000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ct|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ct|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ct |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|130}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|39}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Grenada}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|679000000}}|| २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gj|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gj|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gj |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|6300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|66}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Gambia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|541800000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ga|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ga|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ga |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|260}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|61}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Saint Lucia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|513200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#st|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#st|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#st |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|36}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Turkmenistan}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|502800000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tx|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tx|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tx |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|90}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Solomon Islands}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|491500000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bp|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bp|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bp |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|40}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Eswatini}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|470500000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wz|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wz|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wz |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|360}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|14}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Samoa}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|447200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ws|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ws|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ws |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|51}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|441200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१२<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ac|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ac|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ac |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|4700}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|34}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|San Marino}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|352000000}} ||२०१६<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://countryeconomy.com/national-debt/san-marino|title=San Marino National Debt 2016|website=countryeconomy.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-15|archive-date=2019-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182053/https://countryeconomy.com/national-debt/san-marino|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|10604}} | align="right" |{{Format price|23}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Brunei}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|339640000}}|| २०१७<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/#economy|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706104959/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721102115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html#economy |date=2015-07-21 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|27200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2.8}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|321100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#vc|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#vc|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#vc |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|42}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Timor-Leste}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|311500000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१४ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tt|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tt|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tt |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|250}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|12}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Dominica}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|288600000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#do|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#do|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#do |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|55}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Cook Islands}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|281200000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०११<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Development Bank|url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/cobp-coo-2015-2017-strategic-analysis.pdf|website=ADB|publisher=Asian Development Bank|access-date=2017-08-11|archive-date=2018-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628054818/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/cobp-coo-2015-2017-strategic-analysis.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|13400}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|23}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Sao Tome and Principe}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|236500000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tp|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tp|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tp |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|67}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Tonga}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|233100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#en|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#en|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#en |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|54}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Vanuatu}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|208100000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nh|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nh|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nh |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|750}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|27}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|187500000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sc|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sc|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sc |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3300}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|20}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Comoros}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|133300000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cn|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cn|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cn |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|160}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|21}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|New Caledonia}}'' (France)|| align="right" |{{Format price|112000000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nc|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nc|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nc |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|420}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|1}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Marshall Islands}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|97960000}}|| २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#rm|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#rm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#rm |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1800}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|52}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Micronesia}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|93600000}}|| २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fm|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fm|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fm |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|900}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|29}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Cayman Islands}}'' (UK)|| align="right" |{{Format price|79000000}}|| १९९८ <small>est.</small>|| align="right" |{{Format price|2100}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|7}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Greenland}}'' (Denmark)|| align="right" |{{Format price|36400000}}|| २०१०<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gl|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gl|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gl |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|650}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Nauru}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|33300000}}|| २००४ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nr|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nr|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nr |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|3200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|22}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|British Virgin Islands}}'' (UK)|| align="right" |{{Format price|17670000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=Government of the Virgin Islands|url=http://www.bvi.gov.vg/statistics|access-date=2017-05-13|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519173613/http://www.bvi.gov.vg/statistics|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519173613/http://www.bvi.gov.vg/statistics |date=2017-05-19 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|570}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Tuvalu}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|14800000}}|| २०१७ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/#economy|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706105803/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112151520/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/#economy |date=2021-01-12 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|1224}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|37}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Kiribati}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|13600000}}|| २०१३ <small>est.</small><ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kr|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kr|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kr |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|120}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|8}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Anguilla}}'' (UK)|| align="right" |{{Format price|8800000}}|| १९९८<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#av|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#av|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#av |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|590}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|5}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Wallis and Futuna}}'' (France)|| align="right" |{{Format price|3670000}}|| २००४<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wf|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wf|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wf |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|280}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|6}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Montserrat}}'' (UK)|| align="right" |{{Format price|1040000}}|| ३१ डिसेम्बर २०११<ref>{{cite web|title=Caribbean Development Bank|url=http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BD85_12_CSP_Montserrat_June_30_FINAL.pdf|access-date=2017-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812021327/http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BD85_12_CSP_Montserrat_June_30_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-12|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812021327/http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BD85_12_CSP_Montserrat_June_30_FINAL.pdf |date=2017-08-12 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|200}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|2}} |- | align="left" |{{flag|Liechtenstein}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|0}}|| २००१<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ls|website=CIA|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ls|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ls |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|0}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|0}} |- | align="left" |''{{flag|Niue}}'' (New Zealand)|| align="right" |{{Format price|0}}|| २७ अक्टोबर २०१६<ref>{{cite web|title=The Guardian|website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/27/land-that-debt-forgot-tiny-pacific-country-of-niue-has-no-interest-in-loans|access-date=2016-10-27|archive-date=2017-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805221902/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/27/land-that-debt-forgot-tiny-pacific-country-of-niue-has-no-interest-in-loans|url-status=live}}</ref>|| align="right" |{{Format price|0}}|| align="right" |{{Format price|0}} |- |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} lc7cwihca9592l23yt4mpyzrj2vuozl 0 134682 1372818 1363194 2026-08-30T23:59:03Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372818 wikitext text/x-wiki सरकार (राष्ट्रिय वा क्षेत्रीय)द्वारा निजी स्वामित्वमा रहेको वस्तुलाई सार्वजनिक वस्तुमा रूपान्तरण गर्नुलाई '''राष्ट्रियकरण''' भनिन्छ। उदाहरणको लागि, एक निजी बैंकको राष्ट्रीयकरण र सार्वजनिक गर्न सकिन्छ, र सन् १९६८ मा भारतमा यो भएको थियो। <ref >{{Cite web |title=Definition of NATIONALIZATION |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nationalization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229205433/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nationalization |archive-date=29 दिसंबर 2016 |access-date=14 जनवरी 2019 |website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> राष्ट्रियकरण अन्तर्गत सरकारको कुनै पनि तल्लो तहको सम्पत्ति माथिल्लो तहमा लगिन्छ, जस्तै नगरपालिकाको कुनै पनि सम्पत्तिलाई राज्यको सम्पत्ति घोषणा गर्ने आदी पर्दछ। राष्ट्रियकरणको विपरीत प्रक्रियाको [[निजीकरण]] हो। ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, राज्यहरूले विभिन्न राजनीतिक प्रणालीहरू र आर्थिक प्रणालीहरूको एक विस्तृत विविधता अन्तर्गत विभिन्न उद्देश्यहरूको लागि राष्ट्रियकरण गरेका छन्।<ref> {{cite web |https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hast/page/677 677] | isbn= 978-0198600244 |access-date= 8 December 2019 </ref> =मार्क्सवादी सिद्धान्त = [[मार्क्सवाद|मार्क्सवादी सिद्धान्त]]मा "एक्स्प्रोप्रिएसन अफ एक्सप्रोप्रिएटर expropriation of expropriators ([[शासक वर्ग]])" र "लुटेराहरूलाइ लुट" ("грабь награбленное")शब्दावली उल्लेख गरिएको छ, जुन रुसी [[अक्टोबर क्रान्ति]]को समयमा निकै लोकप्रिय भएको थियो।<ref>[[Orlando Figes]], ''A People's Tragedy: Russian Revolution'', 1996, {{ISBN|0-7126-7327-X}}.</ref> यो शब्द [[कम्युनिस्ट राज्य|कम्युनिष्ट राज्य]]हरूद्वारा राष्ट्रियकरण अभियानहरू वर्णन गर्न पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जस्तै [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]मा डेकुलाकाइजेशन र सामूहिककरण।.<ref name="Pipes">[[Richard Pipes]] ''Property and Freedom'', Vintage Books, A division of Random House, Inc., New York, 1999, {{ISBN|0-375-70447-7}}, page 214.</ref> =राष्ट्रियकरण किन गरिन्छ?‍= राष्ट्रियकरणका विविध दृष्टिकोण हुन्छन्। == राजनैतिक दृष्टिकोण == समाजवादी आर्थिक प्रणालीको स्थापना गर्नु राष्ट्रियकरणको उद्देश्य हो। अर्थात् समाजवादमा राष्ट्रिय उत्पादनलाई न्यायोचित रुपमा सार्वजनिक हित र उपयोगको लागि वितरण हुने व्यवस्था स्थापित गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONALIZATION |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalization#:~:text=Political%20support,-Nationalization%20was%20one&text=In%20this%20context%2C%20the%20goals,of%20a%20socialist%20economic%20system.|website=en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalization}}</ref> == आर्थिक दृष्टिकोण == निजी नियन्त्रणमा रहेका कम्पनी, उद्योग वा सम्पत्तिहरू लिई सरकारको नियन्त्रणमा राख्ने प्रक्रिया '''राष्ट्रियकरण''' हो। राष्ट्रियकरण प्रायः विकासोन्मुख देशहरूमा हुन्छ । सम्पत्ति नियन्त्रण गर्ने वा विदेशी स्वामित्वमा रहेका उद्योगहरूमा राष्ट्रको प्रभुत्व कायम गर्ने राष्ट्रिय आवश्यकता नै राष्ट्रियकरण हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONALIZATION |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nationalization.asp#:~:text|website=www.investopedia.com}}</ref> देशमा उत्पादित वस्तु र सेवाको नागरिकहरूमा न्यायोचित वितरण स्थापना गर्न, सर्वसुलभ र सहज पहुँचको व्यवस्था गर्न, वस्तु र सेवाको उपभोगमा समान अवसरको अवस्था कायम राख्न राष्ट्रियकरण गरिन्छ। == विश्वमा राष्ट्रियकरण == विश्व समयक्रम र परिस्थिति अनुसार प्राय सबै देशहरूले विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरेका छन्। '''राष्ट्रियकरण गरेका देशहरूको सूचीः'''लिंक[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nationalizations_by_country]] र '''विश्वका देशहरू:'''लिंक[[https://www.clearias.com/countries-world-listed-continent/#non-un-member-nations]]मा गरिएका '''राष्ट्रियकरणका क्षेत्रहरू''' == उत्तर अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रियकरण == === क्यानाडा === * '''१९१८''' [[क्यानेडियन नेसनल रेलवे]], प्रथम विश्वयुद्धको समयमा र पछि दिवालियापन पछि राष्ट्रव्यापी धेरै प्रणालीहरूबाट सिर्जना गरिएको, र १९९५ मा निजीकरण पछि। [[निगम]], [[सामुद्रिक एट्लान्टिक]] र [[भाया रेल]] (अझै पनि सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका) सबै एकै समयमा कम्पनीका सहायक थिए) *'''१९४३''' [[एल्डोराडो रिसोर्सेस]], निजी रेडियम र युरेनियम खानी कम्पनीलाई क्यानाडाको संघीय सरकारले [[म्यानहट्टन परियोजना]] को लागि युरेनियम आपूर्ति गर्न सम्झौता गरेपछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो। १९८८ मा [[क्यामेको]] गठन गर्न [[सास्काचेवान माइनिङ डेभलपमेन्ट कर्पोरेशन]] सँग गाभिएपछि निजीकरण गरियो। *'''१९४४''' [[हाइड्रो-क्युबेक]], पहिलो पटक [[मन्ट्रियल]] वरपर [[क्युबेक]] मा [[क्यानाडाको लिबरल पार्टी|लिबरल]] सरकारद्वारा बिजुलीको चिन्ताको आंशिक राष्ट्रियकरण मार्फत सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। [[Adélard Godbout]]। १९६० को प्रारम्भिक [[शान्त क्रान्ति]] को दौडान, क्युबेकमा बाँकी ११ निजी स्वामित्वमा रहेका बिजुली कम्पनीहरूलाई [[जीन लेसेज]] को [[क्युबेक लिबरल पार्टी|लिबरल]] सरकारद्वारा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९७५''' [[सास्काचेवानको पोटास कर्पोरेशन]], [[सस्काचेवान|सास्काचेवानको प्रान्त]] पोटास उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको अंश। धेरै पोटास उत्पादकहरू राष्ट्रियकरणको सट्टा सरकारलाई बेच्न राजी भए। === संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका === *'''१७७५:''' पूर्व [[तेह्र उपनिवेश]] मा हुलाक सडकहरू [[संयुक्त राज्य हुलाक कार्यालय विभाग|यू.एस. हुलाक कार्यालय]] [[संयुक्त राज्य पोस्टमास्टर जनरल|पोस्टमास्टर जनरल]] [[बेन्जामिन फ्र्याङ्कलिन]] [[अमेरिकी क्रान्ति]] को समयमा [[सेकेन्ड कन्टिनेन्टल कांग्रेस]] को डिक्री द्वारा नेतृत्व। द्वारा सफल [[संयुक्त राज्य हुलाक कार्यालय|U.S. हुलाक कार्यालय विभाग]] [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको]] [[पोस्टल क्लज]] द्वारा सक्षम [[संविधान]], र अन्ततः [[संयुक्त राज्य हुलाक सेवा|U.S. हुलाक सेवा]] [[पोस्टल पुनर्गठन ऐन|पोस्टल पुनर्गठन ऐन १९७०]] पछि। *'''१८६२''' [[संयुक्त राज्य सैन्य रेलमार्ग]] (USMRR), [[संयुक्त राज्य युद्ध विभाग|U.S. युद्ध विभाग]] १८६२ को रेलवे र टेलिग्राफ ऐन द्वारा, यो राज्य-स्वामित्व भएको संस्थामा मर्ज गरियो र सबै कब्जा गरिएको [[Confederate State of America|Confederate]] रेल र अन्य रेल सम्पत्तिहरू।<ref>Thomas M Hanna (2019) : [https://thenextsystem.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/A_History_of_Nationalization_in_the_US-Hanna-NSP.pdf संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रियकरणको इतिहास]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - ''द नेक्स्ट सिस्टम प्रोजेक्ट'', 9 नोभेम्बर 120 जारी गरियो .</ref> *'''१९१७''': [[मर्क एण्ड क.]] [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संघीय सरकार द्वारा कब्जा संघीय सरकार]] [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] गृह मोर्चाको समयमा विश्व युद्ध I मूल [[मर्क समूह]] जर्मनीमा सञ्चालन। *'''१९१७''': सबै [[संयुक्त राज्यमा रेल यातायात|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका रेलमार्गहरू]] [[संयुक्त राज्यको रेलमार्ग प्रशासन|रेलमार्ग प्रशासन]] द्वारा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका गृह मोर्चा दौडान प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध|विश्व युद्ध I]] द्वारा युद्धकालीन उपायको रूपमा सञ्चालन गरिएको (तर स्वामित्वमा छैन)। रेलमार्गहरू १९२० मा [[Esch-Cummins Act|Esch-Cummins Act]] अन्तर्गत निजी नियन्त्रणमा फिर्ता गरियो। * '''१९१८''': अमेरिकी टेलिफोन प्रणालीलाई जुलाई ३१, १९१८ मा राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो र हुलाक कार्यालय विभागको नियन्त्रणमा राखियो। यो ३१ जुलाई, १९१९ मा निजी स्वामित्वमा फिर्ता गरियो।<ref>[https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1466&context=faculty_scholarship The Wires Go to War: The U.S. Experiment with Government पहिलो विश्वयुद्धको समयमा टेलिफोन प्रणालीको स्वामित्व]</ref> *'''१९३९''': [[टेनेसी उपत्यका प्राधिकरण]] को संगठनले [[टेनेसी इलेक्ट्रिक पावर कम्पनी]] को राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो। *'''१९४३''': २७ डिसेम्बर, १९४३ मा, राष्ट्रपति रुजवेल्टले हडताललाई समाधान गर्न केही हप्ताको लागि रेलमार्गहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Streamliners of America {{!}} अमेरिकी अनुभव {{!}} {!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/streamliners-timeline/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=www.pbs.org|language=en{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} }</ref> *'''१९७१''': राष्ट्रिय रेलमार्ग यात्रु निगम ([[Amtrak]]) एक [[सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको निगम]] हो जुन अमेरिकी रेलमार्गहरूलाई उनीहरूको कानुनी दायित्वबाट छुटकारा दिने स्पष्ट उद्देश्यका लागि १९७१ मा सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। अन्तर-शहर रेल|अन्तर-शहर यात्री रेल]] सेवा। (मुख्यतया) [[रेल माल ढुवानी]] *'''१९७६''': कन्सोलिडेटेड रेल कर्पोरेसन ([[कोनरेल]]) [[क्षेत्रीय रेल पुनर्गठन ऐन]] द्वारा मुख्य रूपमा [[उत्तरपूर्वी संयुक्त राज्यमा सञ्चालित छ वटा दिवालिया रेल लाइनहरूको सञ्चालन लिनको लागि सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। राज्यहरू|उत्तरपूर्व]]; कन्रेललाई [[सीएसएक्स यातायात]] र [[नोर्फोक दक्षिणी रेलवे]] द्वारा अधिग्रहण गर्दा [[ओम्निबस बजेट मेलमिलाप ऐन अफ १९८७|ओम्निबस बजेट मेलमिलाप ऐन]] अन्तर्गत निजीकरण गरिएको थियो, यद्यपि यो [[नोर्फोक दक्षिणी रेलवे]] द्वारा सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ। [Conrail साझा सम्पत्ति सञ्चालन| सम्पत्ति व्यवस्थापन र नेटवर्क सेवा प्रदायक]]। Conrail को लागि प्रारम्भिक योजनाहरूले यसलाई पहिलो विश्वयुद्धको समयमा जस्तै वास्तवमा राष्ट्रियकरण प्रणाली बनाउन सक्ने थियो, तर [[Association of American Railroads]] ले एउटा वैकल्पिक प्रस्तावलाई जित्यो। *'''१९८९''': [[रिजोलुसन ट्रस्ट कर्पोरेशन]] ले [[वित्तीय संस्थाहरू सुधार, रिकभरी, र प्रवर्तन ऐन १९८९|वित्तीय संस्था सुधार ऐन अन्तर्गत सयौं असफल [[बचत र ऋण संघ]]को नियन्त्रण कब्जा गर्यो। , रिकभरी, र प्रवर्तन ऐन]] [[बचत र ऋण संकट *'''२००१''': [[सेप्टेम्बर ११ को आक्रमण]] को प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप, [[विमानस्थल सुरक्षा]] उद्योगलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो र [[फेडरल एभिएसन एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन|एफएए]]-नियन्त्रित [[उडन र यातायात सुरक्षा ऐन]] अन्तर्गत [यातायात सुरक्षा प्रशासन]]। *'''२००८''': केही अर्थशास्त्रीहरूले सरकारको [[फ्रेडी म्याक|फेडरल होम लोन मोर्टगेज कर्पोरेशन]] र [[फ्यानी माई|फेडरल नेशनलको संघीय अधिग्रहण]] मोर्टगेज एसोसिएसन]] राष्ट्रियकरण (वा पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण) भएको छ।[[फ्यानी माई]] र [[फ्रेडी म्याक]] सँग प्रयोग गरिएको [[संरक्षक]] मोडेल राष्ट्रियकरण भन्दा ढीलो र अधिक अस्थायी छ।<ref name=" huffingtonpost.com">{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | last1 = ब्याक्सटर | first1 = लरेन्स | last2 = खैरो | first2 = बिल | last3 = Cox | first3 = जिम | शीर्षक = अन्तमा, कतैको लागि पुल | अखबार = हफिंगटन पोस्ट | मिति = फेब्रुअरी २७, २००९ | url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-baxter-bill-brown-and-james-cox/finally-a-bridge-to-somew_b_170688.html} }</ref> *'''२००९''': केही अर्थशास्त्रीहरूले [[सिटिग्रुप]] को सन्दर्भमा [[संकटग्रस्त सम्पत्ति राहत कार्यक्रम]] र [[आकस्मिक आर्थिक स्थिरीकरण ऐन २००८ आंशिक राष्ट्रियकरण भएको हो। यस सम्बन्धमा सरकारका कार्यहरू [जनरल मोटर्स]] ले [[सीईओ]] लाई सरकारले अनुमोदित सीईओलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्नुलाई पनि राष्ट्रियकरणको रूपमा लिइएको छ।जुन १, २००९ मा, [[जनरल मोटर्स]] [[जनरल मोटर्स दिवालियापन ]], सरकारले [[देनदार-मा-कब्जा वित्तपोषण]] मा $५० बिलियन सम्म लगानी गरेको र कम्पनीमा ६०% स्वामित्व लिएको छ। अमेरिकी सरकारको स्वामित्वको अतिरिक्त, [[क्यानाडा सरकार|क्यानाडा]] र [[गभर्नमेन्ट अफ ओन्टारियो|ओन्टारियो]] ले पनि जनरल मोटर्सको क्रमशः ७.९% र ३.८% स्वामित्व लिएको छ। === मेक्सिको === *'''१९३८''' [[मेक्सिकन तेल उत्खनन|पेट्रोलियम उद्योगको उत्खनन्]]: राष्ट्रपति [[लाजारो कार्डेनास]]ले पेट्रोलियम कम्पनीहरू सरकारको विरुद्धमा विद्रोह गरेको र उहाँलाई दिइएको शक्तिहरू अन्तर्गत एक आदेश जारी गर्नुभयो। सन् १९३६ को उत्तरार्धमा [[कङ्ग्रेस अफ द युनियन|मेक्सिकोको कंग्रेस]] द्वारा पारित भएको अख्तियारी ऐनले उनीहरूलाई कब्जा गरेको थियो। मार्च १९, १९३८, संघका कर्मचारीहरूले सम्पत्तिहरू नियन्त्रणमा लिए, अन्ततः यसलाई [[Pemex]] को रूपमा पुन: संगठित गरे।<ref name="Ref_g">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/ watkins/pemex3.htm |title=1938 मा मेक्सिकोको पेट्रोलियम उद्योगको अधिग्रहण |access-date=2015-10-13 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive .org/web/20150924102315/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/pemex3.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''१९६०''' राष्ट्रपति [[एडोल्फो लोपेज मातेओस]] [[राष्ट्रियकृत]] [[मेक्सिकोमा विद्युत क्षेत्र CFE)। राष्ट्रपति [[कार्लोस सालिनास डे गोर्टारी]] ले १९९२ मा प्रणालीलाई पुन: निजीकरण गर्नुभयो, यद्यपि राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको CFE प्रभावशाली रहन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=La nacionalización de la industria eléctrica en México y su significado actual|url=https ://regeneracion.mx/la-nacionalizacion-de-la-industria-electrica-en-mexico-y-su-significado-actual/|last=Almazán Glz|first=Jose Antonio|publisher=Regeneracion|date=सेप्टेम्बर २१ , 2018|access-date=March 19, 2019|language=es|trans-title=मेक्सिकोमा बिजुली उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण र यसको वर्तमान महत्व}}</ref> * '''१९८२''' मेक्सिकोको [[बैंक|बैंकिङ प्रणाली]] को राष्ट्रियकरण [[ल्याटिन अमेरिकी ऋण संकट|ऋण संकट]]। [[कार्लोस सालिनास डे गोर्टारी]] प्रेसिडेंसी (१९८८–१९९४) अन्तर्गत १९९१ र १९९२ को बीचमा मेक्सिकन परिवार समूहहरूमा राष्ट्रियकृत बैंकहरू [[निजीकरण|निजीकरण]] धेरै छिटो भयो।<ref>{{cite journal |last=Marois| first=Thomas|title=The 1982 Mexican Bank Statization and Unintended Consequences for the Emergence of Neoliberalism|journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science|year=2008|volume=41|issue=1|pages=143–167|doi=170. s0008423908080128|s2cid=153937165}}</ref> === ग्वाटेमाला === === बेलीज === === एल साल्भाडोर === === होन्डुरस === === कोस्टारिका === === निकारागुआ === === पनामा === === बर्मुडा === === बहामास === === हाइटी === === क्युबा === *'''१९५९''' को [[क्युबाली क्रान्ति]] पछि क्यास्ट्रो सरकारले बिस्तारै सबै विदेशी-स्वामित्व भएका निजी कम्पनीहरूलाई कब्जा गर्यो, जसमध्ये अधिकांश अमेरिकी निगमहरू र व्यक्तिहरूको स्वामित्वमा थिए। तत्काल ट्रिगर अमेरिकी स्वामित्वमा रहेको तेल प्रशोधन कम्पनीहरूले [[सोभियत संघ]]बाट प्राप्त [[पेट्रोलियम|कच्चा तेल]]लाई परिष्कृत गर्न अस्वीकार गर्नु थियो। तेल नहुने सम्भावनाको सामना गर्दै, क्युबाले तीन अमेरिकी रिफाइनरीहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। यस कार्यले [[क्युबा विरुद्ध संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको प्रतिबन्ध|क्युबामा अमेरिकी प्रतिबन्ध]] लाई बढायो, जसले सबै अमेरिकी स्वामित्वको सम्पत्तिलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेर प्रतिक्रिया दियो। अन्ततः सबै क्युबाली निजी सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cuban Exiles in America {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ americanexperience/features/castro-cuban-exiles-america/ |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=www.pbs.org |language=en}}</ref> *'''१९६६''' मा सुरुमा, क्यास्ट्रो सरकारले क्युबामा [[हकर (ट्रेड)|सडक बिक्रेताहरू]] को स्तरसम्म बाँकी रहेका सबै [[निजी रूपमा आयोजित कम्पनी|निजी स्वामित्वमा रहेका व्यवसायहरू]] राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। मार्च १४, १९६८ मा नयाँ "क्रान्तिकारी आक्रामक" को साथ प्रक्रियाले गति लियो। US लाई $१.३ मिलियन को सानो रकम भुक्तान गरिएको थियो। सम्बन्ध बिग्रनु अघि हितहरूले दुई सरकारहरू बीचको सबै सहयोग समाप्त गर्यो। === जमैका === == दक्षिण अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रियकरण == === कोलम्बिया === *'''१९९८''' [[ग्रानाहोरार बैंक]] राष्ट्रियकरण === भेनेजुएला === *'''१९७५''' फलाम र इस्पात उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref>Vegard Bye (1979): [https://www.jstor.org/stable/422789 भेनेजुएलामा तेलको राष्ट्रियकरण], ''जर्नल अफ द शान्ति अनुसन्धान '', नम्बर 1, भोल्युम XVI, 1979।</ref> *'''१९७६''', [[कार्लोस एन्ड्रेस पेरेज]] को अध्यक्षतामा भेनेजुएलाको तेल उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरणको साथ [[PDVSA]] को स्थापना। *'''२००७''' मे १, २००७ मा, सरकारले राष्ट्रपति [[ह्युगो चाभेज]] को राष्ट्रियकरणको एउटा विवादास्पद घटक, विशाल [[ओरिनोको बेल्ट]] कच्चा परियोजनाहरूमाथिको परिचालन नियन्त्रणको विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो तेल कम्पनीहरूबाट हटायो। ड्राइभ। *'''२००८''' अप्रिल ३, २००८ मा चाभेजले सिमेन्ट उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने आदेश दिए।<ref name="Ref_t">[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/78BD5E2C-6A4B- 4787-BAF7-7F764A8BF7A0.htm अल जजीरा अंग्रेजी - अमेरिका - चाभेजले सिमेन्ट उद्योगलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ<!-- बोटले उत्पन्न शीर्षक -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511160844/http://http/ |date=2008-05-11 }}</ref> *'''२००८''' अप्रिल ९, २००८ मा, चाभेजले भेनेजुएलाको [[स्टील मिल]] [[SIDOR|Sidor]] को राष्ट्रियकरणको आदेश दिए, जसमा हाल [[लक्समबर्ग]]-आधारित [[टर्नियम]] छ। एक ६०% हिस्सेदारी। सिडोरका कर्मचारी र सरकारको क्रमशः २०% हिस्सेदारी छ।<ref name="Ref_2008b">{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSN0942912020080409?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews | title=भेनेजुएलाको राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने स्टिलमेकर सिडोर: युनियन | मिति = अप्रिल 9, 2008 | work=Reuters} }</ref> *'''२००८''' अगस्त १९, २००८ मा, चाभेजले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सिमेन्ट उत्पादक [[Cemex]] को स्वामित्वमा रहेको र सञ्चालित सिमेन्ट प्लान्टको अधिग्रहण गर्न आदेश दिए। जबकि Cemex को शेयर [[न्यूयोर्क स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]] मा घट्यो, सिमेन्ट प्लान्टले कम्पनीको व्यापारको लगभग ५% मात्र समावेश गर्दछ, र अन्य बजारहरूमा उत्पादन गर्ने कम्पनीको क्षमतामा प्रतिकूल असर पार्ने अपेक्षा गरिएको छैन। चाभेजले घर निर्माण र पूर्वाधार लक्ष्यहरू पूरा गर्न आफ्नो देशको कंक्रीट र इस्पात उद्योगहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्न खोजिरहेका छन्।<ref name="Ref_u">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/2008 /08/19/cemex-venezuela-chavez-markets-equity-cx_ra_0819markets41.html |title=Venezuela Seizes Cemex - Forbes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20081010171643/http://www.forbes.com/markets/2008/08/19/cemex-venezuela-chavez-markets-equity-cx_ra_0819markets41.html |archive-date=October 10, 2008 }</ref> * '''२००९''' फेब्रुअरी २८, २००९ मा, चाभेजले सेनालाई सबै धान प्रशोधन र प्याकेजिङ प्लान्टहरू कब्जा गर्न आदेश दिए।<ref name="Ref_2009">{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7917176.stm | काम = बीबीसी समाचार | title=चाभेजले धानको बोटमा सेना पठाउँछन् | मिति = मार्च 1, 2009 | access-date=मे 20, 2010}</ref> *'''२०१०''' जनवरी २०, २०१० मा चाभेजले बढ्दो मूल्य र सट्टा होर्डिङका कारण [[फ्रान्स|फ्रान्सेली]] कम्पनीको खुद्रा स्टोरहरूको प्रणाली अन्तर्गत छ [[सुपरमार्केट]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने अध्यादेशमा हस्ताक्षर गरे। अवैध। *''''२०१०'''' जुन २४, २०१० मा, भेनेजुएलाले अमेरिकी कम्पनी [[हेल्मेरिच र पायने]]सँग सम्बन्धित तेल ड्रिलिंग रिगहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने इरादा घोषणा गर्‍यो।*'''२०१०''' अक्टोबर २५, २०१० मा, चाभेजले घोषणा गरे कि सरकारले दुईवटा अमेरिकी स्वामित्वमा रहेका [[O-I Glass|Owens-Illinois]] काँच उत्पादन गर्ने प्लान्टलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरिरहेको छ। *'''२०१०''' अक्टोबर ३१, २०१० मा, चाभेजले आफ्नो सरकारले [[Sidetur]] स्टिल उत्पादन गर्ने प्लान्टको जिम्मा लिने बताए। Sidetur Vivencia को स्वामित्वमा छ, जसमा २००८ मा सरकारले विनियोजित दुई खनिज प्लान्टहरू थिए।<ref name="The2010" <ref/> *'''२०१५''' भेनेजुएलाका राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]ले [[खाना वितरण]] राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने वाचा गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/venezuela-nationalize- food-distribution-191734377.html|title = भेनेजुएलालाई खाद्य वितरणको राष्ट्रियकरण गर्न </ref> === गुयाना === === सुरिनाम === === ब्राजिल === === इक्वेडर === === पेरु === === बोलिभिया === अधिकांश उपयोगिताहरू १९९४ मा निजीकरण हुनु अघि राष्ट्रिय स्वामित्वमा थिए। *'''२००६''' मे १, २००६ मा, नव निर्वाचित [[बोलिभिया]]का राष्ट्रपति [[इभो मोरालेस]] ले देशको [[बोलिभियामा प्राकृतिक ग्यास|प्राकृतिक ग्यास उद्योग]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने योजना घोषणा गर्नुभयो; विदेशी कम्पनीहरूलाई आफ्नो विद्यमान ठेक्का पुन: वार्ता गर्न छ महिना दिइएको थियो। *'''२००८''' मे १, २००८ मा, बोलिभियाको अग्रणी दूरसञ्चार कम्पनी [[Entel Bolivia|Entel]] को राष्ट्रियकरण सम्पन्न भयो, यसअघि [[Telecom Italia]] को स्वामित्व थियो। * '''२०१०''' मे १, २०१० मा, सरकारले देशको मुख्य जलविद्युत प्लान्टलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, यसरी बोलिभियाको धेरैजसो विद्युत उत्पादन र अन्तिम प्रयोगकर्ताको बिक्रीमाथि नियन्त्रण राख्यो। * '''२०१२''' मे १, २०१२ मा, मोरालेस सरकारले [[पावर ग्रिड]] अपरेटर ''ट्रान्सपोर्टोरा डे इलेक्ट्रिकिडाड'' (''टीडीई'') को राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, तबसम्म ९९.९४% [[रेड इलेक्ट्रिकाको स्वामित्वमा थियो। de España]]। TDE ले बोलिभियामा ७३% पावर लाइनहरूको स्वामित्व र सञ्चालन गर्दछ। === पाराग्वे === === चिली === *'''१९७२''' [[तामाको चिली राष्ट्रियकरण]] खनन उद्योग, ११ जुलाई १९७१ मा चिली कांग्रेस द्वारा संविधानमा सर्वसम्मत परिमार्जन पछि, अमेरिकी कम्पनी Anaconda, Kennecott, र Cerro को सञ्चालन राष्ट्रियकरण। यो कार्य [[साल्भाडोर एलेन्डे]] को [[सोशलिस्ट पार्टी अफ चिली|सोशलिस्ट]] सरकारद्वारा गरिएको थियो। === अर्जेन्टिना === * '''१९४६''' [[सेन्ट्रल बैंक अफ अर्जेन्टिना]] * '''१९४६''' [[प्राकृतिक ग्यास|प्राकृतिक ग्यास सेवाहरू]] (पछि १९९२ मा निजीकरण गरियो) * '''१९४७''' [[ENTel|टेलिफोन नेटवर्क]] (पछि १९९० मा निजीकरण) * '''१९४७''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा रेडियो|रेडियो नेटवर्कहरू]] (पछि १९८० र १९९३ बीच निजीकरण गरियो) * '''१९४८''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा रेलवे राष्ट्रियकरण|रेल यातायात]] (१९९१ र १९९९ बीच निजीकरण) * '''१९५९''' [[पेट्रोलियम|तेल भण्डार]] (राज्यको तेल उद्यम, [[वाईपीएफ]], १९२२ मा स्थापित भएको थियो; [[सन् १९४९ को अर्जेन्टिनाको संविधानको धारा ४० अनुसार खनिज स्रोतहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। १९४९ संविधान]]; पछिल्लो १९५६ मा खारेज गरिएको थियो, तर तेल १९५८ मा नवीकरण गरिएको थियो र निजी फर्महरु पछि पट्टाहरु मार्फत संचालित) * '''१९४९''' [[पोर्ट अफ ब्यूनस आयर्स|पोर्ट प्रशासन]] (१९९२ मा निजीकरण) * '''१९४९''' [[व्यापारी समुद्री]] (१९९१ मा निजीकरण) * '''१९५१''' [[Televisión Pública|LR३ TV Canal ७]] (त्यतिबेला देशको पहिलो र एकमात्र अवस्थित टेलिभिजन नेटवर्क; राज्य आफैंले स्थापना नगरेको भए पनि, यो राज्यको स्वामित्वको रूपमा सुरु भयो। यो १९५४ मा संक्षिप्त रूपमा निजीकरण गरिएको थियो र १९५५ मा पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। * '''१९५२''' [[ब्युनस आयर्स मेट्रो]] (सञ्चालनहरू १९९४ मा निजीकृत) * '''१९५८''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा विद्युत क्षेत्र|विद्युत उपयोगिताहरू]] (१९९२ मा निजीकरण) * '''१९७४''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा टेलिभिजन|टेलिभिजन नेटवर्कहरू]] (१९८२ र १९९८ बीच निजीकृत) * '''१९८०''' [[Austral Lineas Aéreas]] (१९८७ मा निजीकरण, २००८ मा पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण) * '''२००३''' [[कोरेओ अर्जेन्टिनो]] * '''२००६''' [[ब्यूनस आयर्स, अर्जेन्टिनामा एकीकृत शहरी पानी व्यवस्थापन १९९३) * '''२००८''' [[एरोलिनियास अर्जेन्टिनास]] पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण (१९४९ र १९९० बीचको राज्यको स्वामित्वमा) * '''२००८''' [[पेन्सन कोष]] ([[ANSES]] मा हस्तान्तरण गरिएको) * '''२०१०''' [[FAdeA]] (१९२७ र १९९५ बीचको राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको) * '''२०१२''' YPF [[वाईपीएफको पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण|पुनः राष्ट्रियकरण]] (सन् १९२२ र १९९३ बीचको राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको) === उरुग्वे === = युरोपमा राष्ट्रियकरण= == आइसल्यान्ड == *'''२००८''' आइसल्याण्डको सबैभन्दा ठूलो [[वाणिज्य बैंक]]]: [[Kaupþing]], [[Landsbanki]], [[Glitnir (बैंक)|Glitnir]] र [[Sparisjóðabanki|Icebank]] को पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण। । *'''२००९''' [[स्ट्रामर इन्भेस्टमेन्ट बैंक]] र [[बचत बैंक]] [[Sparisjóður Reykjavíkur og omøreðirs|SPRON]] को राष्ट्रियकरण। == नर्वे == ==स्वीडेन == * '''१९३९-१९४८''' अधिकांश निजी रेलवे कम्पनीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण। *'''१९५७''' खानी कम्पनी [[LKAB]] राष्ट्रियकरण भएको छ। १९०७ देखि राज्यले निगमको ५०% सेयर स्वामित्व पाएको थियो, बाँकी किन्न विकल्पहरू सहित, १९०७ देखि। /$file/A%२०historic%२०journey.pdf एक ऐतिहासिक यात्रा] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111153518/http://www.lkab.com/__C12570A1002EAAAE.nsf/% 28%24all%29/986496EB999E5F43C1257165002ECDCF/%24file/A%20historic%20journey.pdf |date=2012-01-11 }} Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktieag, </६०> April *'''१९७०s''' स्विडेनी सरकारले [[फार्मेसी|फार्मेसी]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरे, जहाँ राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको [[Apoteksbolaget]] AB लाई खुद्रा एकाधिकार दिइएको थियो। ==फिनल्याण्ड== *'''१९९३''' बैंकिङ क्षेत्रको एक सानो भागलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ, [[Omaisuudenhoitoyhtiö Arsenal]] बैंकिङ संकट समाधान गर्नको लागि सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। *'''२०१५''': [[Ahtium|Talvivaara Sotkamo Ltd]] जसले [[Sotkamo]] मा निकल खानी सञ्चालन गर्यो, नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा दिवालिया भयो, र फिनिश राज्यले तुरुन्तै खानीलाई स्थिर गर्नको लागि आफ्नो कब्जामा लियो। वातावरणीय क्षति रोक्न खानी सञ्चालन। [[Terrafame]], जुन पूर्ण रूपमा फिनिश राज्यको स्वामित्वमा छ, ले अगस्ट २०१५ मा एक यूरोमा दिवालिया सम्पत्तिबाट खानी किनेको थियो। त्यसबेलादेखि, खानीलाई निजीकरण गर्ने प्रयासहरू गरिएको छ। नोभेम्बर २०२० मा राज्यको होल्डिंग अझै ७१.२% थियो। ==रुस == * '''१९१८''' सबै उत्पादन उद्यमहरू, धेरै खुद्रा व्यापार उद्यमहरू, कुनै पनि [[निजी क्षेत्र|निजी उद्यमहरू]], सम्पूर्ण [[रूसमा बैंकिङ|बैंकिङ क्षेत्र]], [[रूसमा कृषि|कृषि क्षेत्र]] , [[रूसमा यातायात <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316137024/type/book|title=The Cambridge History of Communism|date=2017-09-21|volume= एक first2=स्टीफन ए.}}</ref> पछि [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन]] को सरकारले [[नयाँ आर्थिक नीति]] प्रस्तुत गर्‍यो जसले क्रान्तिकारी अवधिको अन्त्यसम्म देशलाई केही हदसम्म बजार अर्थशास्त्रतर्फ सार्यो र [[जोसेफ स्टालिन ]]को [[जोसेफ स्टालिनको उदय|शक्तिको अधिग्रहण]]। *'''१९९८''' येल्तसिन सरकारले [[Gazprom]] को सम्पत्ति जफत गर्न थाल्यो, कम्पनीले [[फिर्ता करहरू]] तिरेको दाबी गर्दै। १९९० को मध्य देखि [[Gazprom]] को निजीकरण पूर्ण [[निजीकरण]] हासिल गर्ने उद्देश्यले ३८.३७% मा घटाइएको थियो। यद्यपि, Gazprom मा [[रूसको सरकार|रूसी सरकार]] को हिस्सेदारी [[भ्लादिमिर पुटिन]] ले नियन्त्रण गर्ने स्थितिमा हिस्सेदारी बढाउने योजनाको साथ ५०% मा बढाइएको छ। Gazprom ले रूसी र अन्य अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपयोगिता कम्पनीहरू पनि खरिद गरिरहेको छ। *'''२०१३''' [[रूसको अन्तरिक्ष उद्योग|अन्तरिक्ष उद्योग]] पुनः राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ। [[रूसको सरकार|सरकार]] ले एउटा नयाँ निगम—[[संयुक्त रकेट एण्ड स्पेस कर्पोरेशन]]—अगस्ट २०१३ मा हालैको रकेट प्रक्षेपण असफलताका कारण सिर्जना गर्‍यो। [[रूसका उपप्रधानमन्त्री|उपप्रधानमन्त्री]] [[दिमित्री रोगोजिन]]का अनुसार, "असफल-प्रवण अन्तरिक्ष क्षेत्र यति समस्यामा छ कि यसको समस्याहरू हटाउन राज्यको पर्यवेक्षण आवश्यक छ।" == इस्टोनिया == == लात्भिया == == लिथुआनिया == == बेलारुस == == आयरल्यान्ड == १९४० मा [[Córas Iompair Éireann]] को रूपमा रेलवे राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। * '''२००७''' अगस्त ३, २००७ मा, आयरिश सरकारलाई [[Eircom]] को तामा नेटवर्क पूर्वाधारमा हिस्सेदारी प्रस्ताव गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Ref_d">[http://www.rte। ie/news/2007/0803/eircom-business.html Eircom र राज्य ब्रोडब्यान्ड स्वैपमा?]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> आयरल्याण्डको टेलिफोन नेटवर्कहरू १९९९ मा निजीकरण गरियो। *'''२००९''' जनवरी १६, २००९ मा, आयरिश सरकारले बैंकको व्यवहार्यता सुरक्षित गर्न [[एङ्लो आयरिश बैंक]] लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो।<ref name="Ref_e">[https://www.irishtimes.com/ अखबार/frontpage/2009/0116/1232059654021.html सरकारले 'नाजुक' एंग्लो आयरिश बैंकलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्छ]</ref> *'''२०१०''' राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको [[एंग्लो आयरिश बैंक]] ले आयरल्यान्डको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्पनी [[QUINN समूह]] लाई सार्वजनिक स्वामित्वमा ल्याउँदै बहुमत नियन्त्रण लिने छ।<ref name="Ref_f">[ http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0408/quinn-business.html एङ्ग्लो आयरिश बैंकको €700m क्विन योजना]</ref> == संयुक्त अधिराज्य बेलायत == *'''१८५८''' [[ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी]] - [[भारतीय विद्रोह 1857|भारतीय विद्रोह]] पछि, [[भारत सरकार अधिनियम 1858|भारत सरकार अधिनियम १८५८]] को प्रावधानहरू अन्तर्गत, ब्रिटिश सरकारले ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनीलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। *'''१८६८''' [[सामान्य हुलाक कार्यालय]] [[टेलीग्राफ ऐन 1868|टेलीग्राफ ऐन १८६८]] अन्तर्गत अन्तरदेशीय टेलिग्राफहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref name="Schifferes2008"><nowiki>{{recite web| url=</nowiki>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7250252.stm | काम = बीबीसी समाचार | title=राष्ट्रियकरणको पाठ | मिति=फेब्रुअरी १८, २००८ | access-date=मे २०, २०१० | पहिलो = स्टीव | last=Schifferes} }</ref> *'''१८७५''' [[सुएज नहर|सुएज नहर कम्पनी]] - कम्पनीमा इजिप्टको शेयर सरकारले खरिद गरेको थियो। *'''१९१२''' GPO अन्तर्गत [[National Telephone Company]] को राष्ट्रियकरण, [[पोर्ट्समाउथ]] र [[Kingston on Hull|Hull]] बाहेक। पोर्ट्समाउथ टेलिफोन सेवालाई अर्को वर्ष राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९१६''' [[राज्य व्यवस्थापन योजना|मदिरा व्यापार]] - [[कार्लिस्ले, कुम्ब्रिया|कार्लिसल]], [[ग्रेटना, डम्फ्रिज र गैलोवे|ग्रेटना]], [[क्रोमार्टी]] र [[राज्य व्यवस्थापन योजना]] अन्तर्गत [[लन्डन बरो अफ एनफिल्ड|एनफिल्ड]]; मुख्यतया हतियार कारखाना कामदारहरु द्वारा रक्सी खपत प्रतिबन्ध गर्न को लागी एक प्रयास। यो योजना १९७३ मा सम्पत्ति हस्तान्तरण द्वारा [[निजीकरण]] गरिएको थियो। x&g१९९६३=x&amid=९८५९ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> * '''१९२६''' [[Central Electricity Board]] introduced under [[Electricity (Supply) Act 1926|Electricity (Supply) Act १९२६]] established the [[National Grid (UK)|National Grid]] and set up a national standard for electricity supply. * '''१९२७''' [[British Broadcasting Company]] (a privately owned company) became the [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] ([[BBC]]), a [[Statutory Corporation#United Kingdom|public corporation]] operating under a [[Royal Charter]]. * '''१९३३''' [[London Passenger Transport Board|London Transport]] * '''१९३८''' Nationalisation of UK Coal Royalties under the [[Coal Commission (United Kingdom)|Coal Commission]] by the [[Coal Act 1938|Coal Act १९३८]].<ref name="Ref_k">[http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=1825 SN 1825 -Nationalisation of the UK Coal Royalties, 1938 : Compensation Payments<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * '''१९३९''' [[British Overseas Airways Corporation]] (BOAC), later [[British Airways]] - combining the private [[British Airways Ltd]] and the state owned [[Imperial Airways]] and placing its control under [[National Air Communications]]. * '''१९३९-४५''' During World War II, much of British industry was subjected to close regulation or control, although not nationalised as such. * '''१९४३''' North of Scotland Hydro-Electricity Board * '''१९४५-५१''' The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] comes to power in the [[Attlee ministry]] with a program for nationalising weak sectors of the economy.<ref>William Ashworth, ''The state in business: 1945 to the mid 1980s'' (1991).</ref><ref>Martin Chick, ''Industrial policy in Britain 1945-1951: economic planning, nationalisation and the Labour governments'' (2002).</ref><ref>Robert A. Brady, ''Crisis in Britain. Plans and Achievements of the Labour Government'' (1950) [https://archive.org/details/crisisinbritainp0000brad excerpt]</ref> * '''१९४६''' Coal industry under the [[National Coal Board]] with the [[Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946|Coal Industry Nationalisation Act १९४६]].<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 77-32</ref> * '''१९४६''' [[Bank of England]] - its private shareholders who were bought out by the state.<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain'' pp 43-77.</ref> * '''१९४६''' [[National Health Service]] created taking over hospitals and making medical services free by the [[National Health Service Act 1946|National Health Service Act १९४६]].<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 352-401</ref> * '''१९४७''' [[Central Electricity Generating Board]] and area electricity boards. Privatized in the १९९०s.<ref name="Brady, pp 132-8">Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 132-8</ref> * '''१९४७''' [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable & Wireless]] Ltd - the latter had had private shareholders who were bought out by the state.<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 284-306</ref> * '''१९४८''' [[History of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994|National rail]], inland (not marine) water transport, some road haulage, some road passenger transport and [[Thomas Cook & Son]] under the [[British Transport Commission]]. Separate elements operated as [[British Rail]]ways, [[British Road Services]], and [[British Waterways]].<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 236-83</ref> * '''१९४९''' [[Gas Act 1948|Gas Act १९४८]] nationalises local authority and private gas supply undertakings in England, Scotland and Wales<ref name="Brady, pp 132-8" /> *'''१९५१''' [[आइरन एण्ड स्टिल कर्पोरेशन अफ ग्रेट ब्रिटेन]] अन्तर्गत फलाम र इस्पात उद्योग (१९५५ मा कन्जरभेटिभ सरकार द्वारा अस्वीकृत)<ref name="Ref_l">{{cite web|url=http: //www.uksteel.org.uk/history.htm|title=UK Steel Industry Associations|publisher=UK Steel Association|access-date=2013-10-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123091612/http://www.uksteel.org.uk/history.htm|archive-date=2008-01-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123091612/http://www.uksteel.org.uk/history.htm |date=2008-01-23 }}</ref> *'''१९६७''' [[ब्रिटिश स्टिल कर्पोरेशन]] पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण (सेप्टेम्बर १९८८ मा कन्जरभेटिभ सरकार द्वारा पुन: निजीकृत) *'''१९६९''' [[राष्ट्रिय बस कम्पनी (युके)|नेसनल बस कम्पनी]], [[ब्रिटिश ट्रान्सपोर्ट कमिसन]] को [[ब्रिटिश इलेक्ट्रिक ट्र्याक्सन]] समूहबाट प्राप्त अरूसँगको पूर्व हितहरू संयोजन गर्दै। *'''१९६९''' [[पोस्ट अफिस लिमिटेड|पोस्ट अफिस]] निगम [[पोस्ट अफिस ऐन १९६९]] द्वारा सिर्जना गरिएको। *'''१९७१''' [[रोल्स-रोयस होल्डिंग्स|रोल्स-रोयस (१९७१) लिमिटेड]] - हालै दिवालिया [[रोल्स-रोयस लिमिटेड] को रणनीतिक रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण [[एयरक्राफ्ट इन्जिन|एरो-इन्जिन]] भाग। ]। *'''१९७३''' [[पानी ऐन 1973|पानी ऐन १९७३]] [[इंग्ल्याण्ड र वेल्स]] मा स्थानीय प्राधिकरणको पानी आपूर्ति उपक्रमलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ *'''१९७३''' [[ब्रिटिश ग्यास कर्पोरेशन]] [[ग्यास बोर्ड|क्षेत्रीय ग्यास बोर्डहरू]] प्रतिस्थापन गरी सिर्जना गरियो। *'''१९७४''' [[BP|ब्रिटिश पेट्रोलियम]] - [[विन्स्टन चर्चिल]] द्वारा [[फर्स्ट लर्ड अफ द एडमिरल्टी]] को रूपमा पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध पछि लगभग २५ को साथ खरिद गरिएको ५०% हिस्सेदारीको संयोजन। [[बर्मा आयल]] बाट [[बैंक अफ इङ्ल्यान्ड]] ले अधिग्रहण गरेको % शेयरले सरकारलाई प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा बीपीको बहुमत शेयरधारक बनायो, यद्यपि व्यावसायिक स्वतन्त्रता कायम राखिएको थियो। सबै शेयरहरू १९८० को दशकमा बेचेका थिए। *'''१९७५''' [[राष्ट्रिय उद्यम बोर्ड]] - औद्योगिक उपक्रमहरूको पूर्ण वा आंशिक स्वामित्वको लागि राज्य होल्डिङ कम्पनी। * '''१९७६''' [[ब्रिटिश लेल्याण्ड]] मोटर कर्पोरेशन - [[राष्ट्रिय उद्यम बोर्ड]] अन्तर्गत राष्ट्रियकरण भएपछि ''ब्रिटिश लेल्याण्ड'' भयो। पछि यो होल्डिङ कम्पनी "BL Ltd" को रूपमा चिनिन थाल्यो, यसलाई पछि धेरै स्ट्यान्डअलोन व्यवसायहरूमा पुन: संगठित गरियो - सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध [[Austin Rover Group|Austin Rover]], [[Leyland Trucks]], [[Freight Rover]] , [[ल्यान्ड रोभर]] र [[जागुआर कारहरू|जगुआर]]। *'''१९७७''' [[ब्रिटिश एयरोस्पेस]] - प्रमुख विमान कम्पनीहरू [[ब्रिटिश एयरक्राफ्ट कर्पोरेशन]], [[हकर सिडले]] र अन्यलाई संयोजन गर्दै। [[ब्रिटिश शिपबिल्डर्स]] - [[विमान र जहाज निर्माण उद्योग ऐन १९७७ अन्तर्गत [[क्यामेल लेर्ड]], [[गोभन शिपबिल्डर्स]], [[स्वान हन्टर]], [[यारो शिपबिल्डर्स]] सहित प्रमुख जहाज निर्माण कम्पनीहरूलाई संयोजन गर्दै ]]। * '''१९८१''' [[ब्रिटिश टेलिकम]] (पछि '''BT''' को रूपमा स्टाइल गरिएको) [[British Telecommunications Act १९८१] अन्तर्गत [[पोस्ट अफिस टेलिकम्युनिकेसन्स]] बाट दूरसञ्चार सेवाहरूको नियन्त्रण लिएर सिर्जना गरियो। ]। *'''१९८४''' [[Johnson Matthey|Johnson Matthey Bankers]] - [[मार्गरेट थ्याचरको प्रिमियरशिप|थ्याचर सरकार]]<ref name="lastnat">[http ://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7250668.stm "अन्तिम राष्ट्रियकरण के थियो?", ''बीबीसी समाचार'', १८ फेब्रुअरी २००८]</ref> बैंकिङ संकटको डरमा र १९८६ मा [[वेस्टप्याक]] लाई बेचियो।<ref><nowiki>{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=</nowiki>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/11/business/rescued-bank-sold-by-britain.html | title=ब्रिटेनले बेचेको उद्धार बैंक | पहिलो = स्टीव | अन्तिम=लोहर | समाचारपत्र = न्यूयोर्क टाइम्स | मिति=११ अप्रिल १९८६}</ref> *'''१९९०''' [[क्यालेडोनियन स्टीम प्याकेट कम्पनी]]। नयाँ कम्पनीका सबै सेयरहरू [[स्कटल्याण्डका लागि राज्य सचिव]] द्वारा खरिद गरिँदै [[क्यालेडोनियन म्याकब्रेन]], आफ्नो नौका हातबाट काते। [[Scottish devolution को इतिहास|Scottish devolution]] देखि क्यालेडोनियन म्याकब्रेन [[स्कटिश सरकार]] को स्वामित्वमा रहेको छ। *'''१९९७''' [[डकल्याण्ड लाइट रेलवे]] - [[जोन प्रेस्कट]] ले १९९७ लेबर पार्टी सम्मेलनमा घोषणा गरे कि उनले यसलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ, यद्यपि यो पहिले नै सार्वजनिक हातमा थियो।<ref name="lastnat" /> *'''२००१''' [[रेल ट्र्याक]] - रेलवे पूर्वाधारको मालिक र अपरेटर, रेलट्र्याक, यसरी राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थिएन। यद्यपि, यसको प्रतिस्थापन [[नेटवर्क रेल]], राज्य-स्वामित्वको कम्पनी नभएको अवस्थामा, कुनै शेयरधारकहरू थिएनन् ''([[कम्पनी ग्यारेन्टीद्वारा सीमित]])'' र राज्यद्वारा लेखिएको थियो। यसअघि सरकारले मूल बिक्रीबाट बाँकी रहेको Railtrack Group Plc मा ०.२% (मतदान अधिकार सहित) को बाँकी शेयर प्रयोग गर्न थाल्यो।<ref name="Ref_m">[https://publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020212/text/20212w16.htm हाउस अफ कमन्स ह्यान्सर्डले १२ फेब्रुअरी २००२ (pt १६) को लागि लिखित उत्तरहरू <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * '''२००३''' निजी अपरेटर [[कनेक्स साउथ ईस्टर्न]] को असफलता पछि [[रणनीतिक रेल प्राधिकरण]] ले [[दक्षिण पूर्वी फ्रान्चाइजी]] को नियन्त्रण लियो। एकीकृत केन्ट फ्रान्चाइजीको भागको रूपमा सन् २००६ मा फ्रान्चाइजीलाई पुन: निजीकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''२००८''' [[उत्तरी चट्टान]] - [[उत्तरी रकको राष्ट्रियकरण मापन'। बैंकलाई व्यावसायिक व्यवसायको रूपमा 'आर्म्स लम्बाइ' मा चलाइनेछ र भविष्यमा निजी खरिदकर्तालाई बेचिनेछ।<ref name="Ref_2008"><nowiki>{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=</nowiki>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7249575.stm | काम = बीबीसी समाचार | title=उत्तरी चट्टान राष्ट्रियकरण हुने | मिति=फेब्रुअरी १७, २००८ | access-date=मे 20, 2010}</ref> *'''२००८''' [[ब्राडफोर्ड र बिंगले]] (बंधक पुस्तक मात्र) - [[एलिस्टेयर डार्लिंग]], [[चान्सलर अफ द एक्सेक्वर]] द्वारा २९ सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा घोषणा गरिएको थियो। कम्पनीको ऋण अंश थियो। राष्ट्रियकरण भयो, जबकि वाणिज्य बैंक बेचिएको थियो।<ref name="Ref_2008a"><nowiki>{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=</nowiki>https://www.reuters.com/article/economicNews/idUSBINGLEY20080929 | title=HIGHLIGHTS-ब्रिटेनले ब्राडफोर्ड र बिंगलेलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ | मिति = सेप्टेम्बर 29, 2008 | work=Reuters} }</ref> *'''२००८''' अक्टोबरमा, [[रोयल बैंक अफ स्कटल्याण्ड]], र भर्खरै मर्ज गरिएको [[HBOS]]-[[लॉयड्स बैंक|लोयड्स टीएसबी]] आंशिक रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। सरकारले RBS को लगभग ६०% (पछि बढेर ७०%, त्यसपछि ८०%) र ४०% HBOS-Lloyds TSB [[2008 युनाइटेड किंगडम बैंक उद्धार प्याकेज|£ ५००bn बैंक उद्धार प्याकेज]] लियो। लयड्स बैंक र TSB व्यवसायहरू २०१३ मा पूर्ण रूपमा डिमर्जर र पुनर्स्थापनाको तयारीमा डिमर्ज गरिएको थियो। * '''२००९''' जुनमा [[ट्रान्सपोर्ट फर डिपार्टमेन्ट]] ले [[लन्डन र कन्टिनेन्टल रेलवे]] को नियन्त्रण लियो। .uk/press/speechesstatements/statements/londoncontrailwayslimited |archive-url= [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100408173105/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/statements/londonmitedcontrailurlway http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/२०१००४०८१७३१०५/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/statements/londonmitedcontrailurlway]<nowiki> | -status= मृत | अभिलेख-मिति= ८ अप्रिल २०१० |शीर्षक=लन्डन र कन्टिनेन्टल रेलवे लिमिटेड (मौखिक कथन) |मिति=८ जुन २००९ |प्रकाशक= यातायात विभाग}}</nowiki><nowiki></ref></nowiki> *'''२००९''' १३ नोभेम्बरमा, [[सीधा सञ्चालित रेलवे]], एक सरकारी कम्पनीले [[इन्टरसिटी ईस्ट कोस्ट]] फ्रेंचाइजी लिएको थियो जुन [[नेशनल एक्सप्रेस ईस्ट कोस्ट]] लाई २००७ मा सम्मानित गरिएको थियो। £१.४ बिलियन प्रिमियम सात वर्षमा भुक्तान गर्नुपर्नेछ। राष्ट्रियकरण सेवा [[पूर्वी तट (ट्रेन सञ्चालन कम्पनी)|इस्ट कोस्ट]] को रूपमा सञ्चालन भएको थियो र [[लन्डन किङ्स क्रस रेलवे स्टेशन|लन्डन]] देखि [[लीड्स रेलवे स्टेशन|लीड्स]] र [[एडिनबर्ग वेभर्ले रेलवे सेवाहरू समावेश गरिएको थियो। स्टेशन|एडिनबर्ग]]। यो [[भर्जिन ट्रेन्स ईस्ट कोस्ट]] को साथ अप्रिल २०१५ मा निजी क्षेत्रमा फर्कियो। ==अन्य देशहरूद्वारा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको ब्रिटिश सम्पत्ति == *'''१९४०''' अर्जेन्टिना रेलवे *'''१९५३''' [[बीपी|ब्रिटिश पेट्रोलियम]]को इरानी सम्पत्ति (वास्तवमा एक अंश-राष्ट्रियकृत कम्पनीको अंशको राष्ट्रियकरण) *'''१९५६''' [[इजिप्ट|इजिप्टियन सरकार]] ले [[स्वेज नहर]] को राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, जसको स्वामित्व स्वेज नहर कम्पनीको थियो जुन अंश ब्रिटिश सरकारको स्वामित्वमा थियो। *'''१९६२''' [[सिलोन]] सरकारले आंशिक रूपमा ब्रिटिश स्वामित्वको [[रोयल डच शेल]] कम्पनीको सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो। *'''१९७५''' [[श्रीलंका|श्रीलंका सरकार]] ले ब्रिटिश स्वामित्वको [[रोपण]] कम्पनीहरूको सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। ==डेनमार्क == ==पोर्तुगल == *'''१९७४''': [[कार्नेशन रिभोलुसन]] पछिका वर्षहरूमा, [[Junta de Salvação Nacional]] र [[Processo Revolucionário Em Curso|Provisional Governments]] ले सबै बैंकिङ, बीमा, पेट्रोललाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरे। र औद्योगिक कम्पनीहरु। ती कम्पनीहरू मध्ये [[Companhia União Fabril]] (CUF), [[António Champalimaud|Champalimaud family]] र [[SONAE]] को सम्पत्तिहरू थिए। क्रान्तिअघि नै सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका दूरसञ्चार कम्पनीहरूसँगै, १९८० र १९९० को दशकमा धेरै राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएका कम्पनीहरूलाई पुनर्निमाण गरिएको थियो। [[पोर्चुगलमा कृषि|कृषि क्षेत्र]], सरकारी अनुमान अनुसार, लगभग {{convert|900000|ha|acre|abbr=off}} कृषि भूमि अप्रिल १९७४ र डिसेम्बर १९७५ बीच भूमिको नाममा कब्जा गरिएको थियो। सुधार; लगभग ३२% पेशाहरू अवैध रूपमा शासन गरिएको थियो। जनवरी १९७६ मा, सरकारले गैरकानूनी रूपमा कब्जा गरिएको जग्गालाई यसको मालिकहरूलाई फिर्ता गर्ने वाचा गर्यो, र १९७७ मा, यसले भूमि सुधार पुनरावलोकन कानून जारी गर्यो। अवैध रूपमा कब्जा गरिएको जग्गाको पुनर्स्थापना सन् १९७८ मा सुरु भयो। *'''२००८''': [[Banco Português de Negócios|BPN - Banco Português de Negócios]] बैंकलाई यसको पतन रोक्न राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। == १४. स्पेन == *'''१९२७-१९३०''' पेट्रोलियम उद्योगलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९४१''' [[स्पेनमा रेल यातायात ]] *'''१९४४''' एयरलाइनको राष्ट्रियकरण [[Iberia (एयरलाइन)|Iberia]] [[Instituto Nacional de Industria]] अन्तर्गत। *'''१९४५''' राज्यले टेलिफोन अपरेटर [[Telefónica]] को ७९% सेयर खरिद गर्दछ। *'''१९८३''' [[रुमासा]] को क्षतिपूर्ति बिना नै राष्ट्रियकरण। == एन्डोरा == == फ्रांस == फ्रान्समा राष्ट्रियकरण "[[Ancien Régime]]" अन्तर्गत संगठित 'राज्यहरू' वा राज्य एकाधिकारमा फर्किएको छ, उदाहरणका लागि, तंबाकू बिक्रीमा एकाधिकार। सञ्चार कम्पनीहरू [[फ्रान्स टेलिकम]] र [[ला पोस्टे (फ्रान्स)|ला पोस्टे]] राज्यको हुलाक र दूरसञ्चार एकाधिकारका अवशेषहरू हुन्। दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि राष्ट्रियकरण क्षेत्रको ठूलो विस्तार भएको थियो।<ref name="Myers49">Myers (1949)</ref> १९८२ मा दोस्रो लहर पछ्याइएको थियो। *'''१९३८''' Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français ([[SNCF]]) (मूल रूपमा ५१% राज्य होल्डिंग, १९८२ मा १००% मा बढेर)<ref name="Myers49"/> *'''१९४५''' फ्रान्समा धेरै राष्ट्रियकरणहरू, जसमा सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण बैंकहरू ([[क्रेडिट लियोनाइस|क्रेडिट लियोनाइस]], [[Comptoir National d'escompte de Paris|le Comptoir National d'escompte de Paris]] र [[Société Générale|Société Générale]] अरूहरू मध्ये), बीमा क्षेत्र समावेश गर्ने योजना र कम्पनीहरू, र कार निर्माता [[रेनो]]।<ref name="Myers49"/> फर्म [[लुइसको लागि जफत गरिएको थियो। रेनो (उद्योगपति)|लुइस रेनो]]को [[नाजी जर्मनी]] संग कथित सहयोग, यद्यपि यो निन्दा बिना निर्णय र उनको मृत्यु पछि थियो, यो मामला उल्लेखनीय र दुर्लभ बनायो। पछिको निर्णय (१९४९) ले स्वीकार गर्यो कि रेनोको प्लान्टले कहिल्यै सहयोग नगरेको थियो। १९९६ मा आंशिक रूपमा निजीकरण गरिसकेपछि रेनो सफल र लाभदायक थियो र आज पनि सफल छ। फ्रान्सले २०१५ मा रेनोमा आफ्नो १५% अल्पसंख्यक शेयर होल्डिङ बढाएर १९% मा पुर्‍यायो। *'''१९४६''' [[चार्बोनेज डे फ्रान्स]], [[इलेक्ट्रिकाइट डे फ्रान्स]] (EdF), [[Gaz de France]] (GdF) राष्ट्रियकरण [[औद्योगिक र व्यावसायिक प्रकृतिको सार्वजनिक स्थापना|औद्योगिक र व्यावसायिक प्रकृतिका सार्वजनिक प्रतिष्ठानहरू]] *'''१९८२''' [[फ्रान्कोइस मिटररान्ड]]का [[फ्रान्सका लागि प्रस्तावहरू]] र [[जीन-पियरे चेभेनेमेन्ट]]को [[समाजवादी पार्टी (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी पार्टीसँग गठबन्धनमा]का प्रस्तावहरू]] CERES गुट, फ्रान्सलाई स्पष्ट रूपमा समाजवादी 'पूँजीवादसँग ब्रेक' गर्न प्रतिबद्ध छ। पूर्ण राष्ट्रियकरण (१००%): [[Alcatel-Lucent|Compagnie Générale d'Electrcité]], the Compagnie Générale de Constructions Téléphoniques, Pechiney-Ugine-Kuhlmann, [[Rhône-Poulenc]], Saint-àin-Poulenc]] -मनसुन, थम्पसन-ब्रान्ड। आंशिक राष्ट्रियकरण (५१%+): [[डासाल्ट]], [[समूह बुल|हनीवेल-बुल]], [[मात्रा]], [[रोसेल युक्लाफ|रुसेल-उक्लाफ]], [[सेसिलोर]], [[कारखाना]]। १९८१ मा राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा Mitterrand [[1981 फ्रान्सेली राष्ट्रपति चुनाव|चुनाव]] को एक वर्ष भित्र फ्रान्सेली राज्यको आकार अभूतपूर्व स्तरमा लैजाने, ३९ बैंकहरू, दुई वित्तीय घरहरू, र SNCF को बाँकी ४९% पनि राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। । पेरिस क्षेत्रीय यातायात अपरेटर, [[RATP समूह]], पनि एक राष्ट्रियीकृत उद्योगको रूपमा गणना गर्न सकिन्छ। == मोनाको == == स्वीजरल्यान्ड == == लिचेस्टाइन == == लक्जेम्बर्ग == == बेल्जियम == == नेदरल्याण्ड == *'''२००८''' राज्यले बेल्जियम-डच बैंकिङ र बीमा कम्पनी [[फोर्टिस (वित्तीय)|फोर्टिस]] को डच गतिविधिहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ, जुन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय [[आर्थिक संकट २००७-को कारणले गर्दा समाधान हुने समस्यामा परेको थियो। 2008|वित्तीय संकट]]। *'''२०१३''' [[SNS बैंक]] राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ। एक वर्षभन्दा बढी समयदेखि निजी लगानीकर्ता पाउन नसक्दा समस्यामा परेको थियो । फेब्रुअरी १, २०१३ मा, [[Jeroen Dijsselbloem|Jeroen Dijselbloem]] ([[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Dach Ministries of Finance]]) ले SNS राष्ट्रियकरण भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो। == जर्मनी == [[जर्मनीमा रेल यातायात|रेलवे]] [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध|प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध]] पछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। [[Deutsche Bahn]] को आंशिक निजीकरण २००८ मा योजना गरिएको थियो तर विश्व आर्थिक संकटका कारण रोकियो। २०२० सम्म निजीकरणको लागि कुनै योजना छैन। खननका ठूला खण्डहरू, [[जर्मनीमा बैंकिङ|बैंकिङ]], र ढुवानी उद्योगहरू या त सरकारी पैसामा निर्भर भए वा [[महामन्दी]] का कारण पूर्ण रूपमा [[वाइमार रिपब्लिक]] को हेरचाहमा राखियो। ; यी पछि नाजी शासन द्वारा १९३४ र १९३७ को बीच पुन: निजीकरण गरियो।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bel|first1=Germà|title=Against the Mainstream: 1930s Germany मा नाजी निजीकरण|journal=The Economic History=Review|5=फेब्रुअरी 2010|volume=63|issue=1|pages=35–36|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00473.x|jstor=27771569|url=http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream /2445/11716/1/162.pdf|hdl=2445/11716|s2cid=154486694|hdl-access=free}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108142712/http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream |date=2009-11-08 }}</ref> [[नाजी जर्मनी]] मा, निजी व्यवसायीहरूसँग सरकारी नीतिलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता थियो, र तिनीहरूमध्ये धेरैजसो उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण रोक्न खोज्ने ''Gewerbefreiheit'' - व्यापार स्वतन्त्रताको सिद्धान्तप्रति प्रतिबद्ध रहे।<ref name="थर्ड रिच 1994, पृष्ठ 16">[[रिचर्ड ओभरी|आर। जे. ओभरी]], ''वार एण्ड इकोनोमी इन द थर्ड रिच'', अक्सफोर्ड युनिभर्सिटी प्रेस, १९९४, पृ। 16</ref> तैपनि, दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धको दौडान नाजी सरकारले जितेका राष्ट्रहरूको सम्पत्ति जफत गरेपछि, ती सम्पत्तिहरू समाहित गर्न ५०० भन्दा बढी राज्य उद्यमहरू विस्तार गरियो, जसमध्ये सबैभन्दा ठूलो [[Reichswerke Hermann Göring|Hermann Göring Works]] (फलाम), प्राय: [[नाजी पार्टी]] उपकरण द्वारा संचालित। In [[East Germany]], most enterprises were nationalised in the years following World War II. After [[German reunification]], an agency called [[Treuhand]] was established to return them to private ownership, however many were [[liquidated]]. == इटाली == * '''१९०५''' रेलवेलाई [[फेरोवी डेलो स्टेटो]] को रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९७८''' राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य सेवाको गठनले सबै नागरिकलाई नि:शुल्क स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रदान गरेको छ, अझै पनि केही निजी खर्च छ तर ७७% सार्वजनिक छ। [[बेनितो मुसोलिनी|बेनिटो मुसोलिनी]] को शासनले राष्ट्रियकरण विस्तार गर्‍यो, [[Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale]] (IRI) लाई कार निर्माता [[अल्फा रोमियो]] सहित संघर्षरत फर्महरूका लागि राज्य होल्डिङ कम्पनीको रूपमा सिर्जना गर्‍यो। एक समानान्तर निकाय, Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi ([[Eni]]) राज्यको तेल र ग्याँस हितहरू व्यवस्थापन गर्न स्थापना गरिएको थियो। [[फासिस्ट इटाली (१९२२–१९४३)|फासिस्ट इटाली]]ले सन् १९३९ सम्म आफ्नो अर्थतन्त्रको तीन चौथाइभन्दा बढी राष्ट्रियकरण गरिसकेको थियो, [[सोभियत संघ] बाहेक अरू कुनै राष्ट्रभन्दा बढी। मुसोलिनीले यसअघि सन् १९३४ मा ‘इटालीको अर्थतन्त्रको तीन चौथाइ औद्योगिक र कृषि राज्यको हातमा छ’ भनी घमण्ड गरेका थिए।’ सन् १९३९ सम्ममा इटालियन राज्यले इटालीको ढुवानी र जहाज निर्माणको चार–पाँच भाग, सुँगुरको तीन चौथाइ हिस्सा ओगटेको थियो। फलाम उत्पादन, र लगभग आधा इस्पात उद्योग। == माल्टा == == सान मारिनो == == पोल्याण्ड == *'''१९४६:''' दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि सोभियत-प्रायोजित [[राष्ट्रिय एकताको अस्थायी सरकार]] ले [[तीन-वर्षीय योजना]] अन्तर्गत ५० भन्दा बढी कर्मचारीहरू भएका सबै उद्यमहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। == चेक रिपब्लिक == *'''१९४५''' ठूलो उत्पादन उद्यमलाई [[राष्ट्रिय मोर्चा (चेकोस्लोभाकिया)|नेशनल फ्रन्ट]] सरकारले राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको। *'''१९४८''' [[क्लेमेन्ट गोटवाल्ड]]को [[चेकोस्लोभाकियाको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|कम्युनिस्ट]] सरकार [[१९४८ चेकोस्लोभाक कू d'état]] पछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको सबै उत्पादन उद्यमहरू। == २९.स्लोभाकिया == == ३०.अस्ट्रिया == == ३१.हंगेरी == == ३२.स्लोभेनिया == == ३३.क्रोएसिया == [[युगोस्लाभिया]]को विभाजन कम्युनिस्टहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण। यस जग्गाको धेरैजसो पुनर्स्थापना र मोडेल पुनर्विचार गर्ने प्रक्रियामा छ। == ३४.बोस्निया र हर्जगोभोनिया == == ३५.सर्विया == == ३६.मोन्टेनिग्रो == == ३७.अल्बानिया == == ३८.मेसडोनिया == == ३९.ग्रीस == *'''१९७४''' [[ओलम्पिक एयरलाइन्स]] को राष्ट्रियकरण, ग्रीसको मुख्य एयरलाइन। यसको संस्थापक, [[एरिस्टोटल ओनासिस]] ले आफ्ना सबै शेयरहरू ग्रीक राज्यलाई बेचे। *'''२०११''' [[प्रोटोन बैंक]] [[ग्रीस वित्तीय संकट]] को बीचमा प्रभावकारी रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ। == ४०.बुल्गेरिया == == रोमानिया == * '''१९४८''' With the Decree ११९ of June ११, १९४८, the new [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Communist regime]] nationalised all private companies and their assets leading to the transformation of the economy from a [[market economy]] to a [[planned economy]]. * '''१९५०''' With the Decree ९२ of April १९, १९५०, a huge number of private houses and lands are confiscated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Șerban |first=Mihaela |year=2014 |title=The Loss of Property Rights and the Construction of Legal Consciousness in Early Socialist Romania (1950–1965) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43670428 |journal=[[Law & Society Review]] |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=773–805 |doi=10.1111/lasr.12103 |jstor=43670428 }}</ref> == मोल्दोभा == == युक्रेन == =अफ्रिकामा राष्ट्रियकरण= == १. मोरक्को == == २. अल्जेरिया == == ३. ट्युनिसिया == == ४. लिबिया == == ५. इजिप्ट == *'''१९५६''' जुलाई २६, १९५६ [[इजिप्ट]]का राष्ट्रपति [[गमाल अब्देल नासेर]] [[स्वेज संकट|राष्ट्रियकरण]] [[स्वेज नहर कम्पनी]]को इजिप्टमा सम्पत्ति, [[स्वेज नहर]], र तिनीहरूलाई [[स्वेज नहर प्राधिकरण]] को नियन्त्रणमा राख्यो। == ६. मौरिटानिया == == ७. माली == == ८. सेनेगल == == ९. गाम्बिया == == १०. गिनी बिसाउ == == ११. गिनी == == १२. सियरा लियोन == == १३. लाइबेरिया == == १४. आइभरी कोस्ट == == १५. घाना == == १६. बुर्किना फासो == == १७. टोगो == == १८. बेनिन == == १९. नाइजर == == २०. नाइजेरिया == == २१. चाड == == २२. क्यामरुन == == २३. मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्र == == २४. उत्तर सुडान == == २५. दक्षिण सुडान == == २६. इरिट्रिया == == २७. जिबूती == == २८. इथियोपिया == == २९. सोमालिया == == ३०. इक्वेटोरियल गिनी == == ३१. ग्याबोन == == ३२. गणतन्त्र कंगो == == ३३. प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र कंगो == == ३४. युगान्डा == == ३५. केन्या == == ३६. रुवाण्डा == == ३७. बुरुन्डी == == ३८. तान्जानिया == == ३९. अंगोला == == ४०. जाम्बिया == == ४१. मलावी == == ४२. मोजाम्बिक == == ४३. नामिबिया == == ४४. बोत्सवाना == == ४५. जिम्बाब्वे == * [[जिम्बाब्वे]] ले यसको [[खाना वितरण]] पूर्वाधार राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ। == ४६. दक्षिण अफ्रिका == == ४७. लेसोथो == == ४८. स्वाजिल्याण्ड == == ४९. सेशेल्स == == ५०. कोमोरोस === == ५१. मेडागास्कर == == ५२. मौरिसस === == ५३. केप भर्डे == == ५४. साई टोम र प्रिन्सिपे == =(ङ) एशियामा राष्ट्रियकरण= == १. यमन == == २. ओमान == == ३. संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स == == ४. कतार == == ५. बहराइन == *'''१९७५-१९८०''' [[बहराइन पेट्रोलियम कम्पनी]] को तीन चरणहरूमा राष्ट्रियकरण, मूल रूपमा [[क्यानाडा]] [[क्यालिफोर्नियाको मानक तेल]] द्वारा १९२९ मा स्थापना भएको थियो। कम्पनीले सन् १९३२ मा [[बहराइन]] मा तेल फेला पारेको थियो र ४८ वर्षपछि पूर्ण रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। == ६. साउदी अरेबिया == * सरकारले सन् १९८० मा तेल उत्पादक कम्पनी [[आरामको]] लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो। == ७. कुवेत == == ८. इराक == == ९ जोर्डन == == १०. इजरायल == * '''१९८३''' प्रमुख बैंकहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण: [[बैंक हापोआलिम]], [[बैंक ल्युमी]], [[डिस्काउन्ट बैंक]], [[मिज्राची बैंक]] बैंक स्टक संकटको कारणले गर्दा १९८३। == ११. लेबनान == == १२. सिरिया == == १३. साइप्रस == == १४. टर्कीए == *'''१९२८-१९४०''' [[लौसेनको सन्धि (1923)|लौसेनको सन्धि (१९२३)]] द्वारा [[ओटोमन साम्राज्यको राजगद्दी]] को उन्मूलन पछि, विदेशी सहुलियतहरू दबाइयो, [[टर्कीमा रेल यातायात|रेल यातायात ]], [[विद्युत उत्पादन|विद्युत उत्पादन]] र [[विद्युत वितरण|वितरण]], [[टेलिफोन नेटवर्क]] र अन्य ठूला औद्योगिक फर्महरूलाई टर्की सरकारले सन् १९२८ र १९४० को बीचमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो।<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.guide-martine.com/history8.asp |title=Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |date= 17 अक्टूबर 2012 |work=Guide Martine |access-date=12 जनवरी 2014}}</ref > == १५. जर्जिया == == १६. आर्मेनिया == == १७. अजरबैजान == == १८. इरान == *'''१९५३''' [[इरान]]का प्रधानमन्त्री [[मोहम्मद मोसादेघ]]]ले इरानमा [[एङ्लो-पर्शियन आयल कम्पनी|एङ्लो-इरानी तेल कम्पनी]] लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरे। [[१९५३ इरानी कूप डी'एताट]] पछि यसलाई अन्ततः "[[सेभेन सिस्टर्स (तेल कम्पनीहरू)|सेभेन सिस्टर्स]]" भनेर चिनिने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय [[कन्सोर्टियम]] को रूपमा पुन: निजीकरण गरियो। *'''१९५३''' [[इरान]]का प्रधानमन्त्री [[मोहम्मद मोसादेघ]]ले इरानका सबै बसहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरे। == १९. अफगानिस्तान == == २०. सार्क राष्ट्र पाकिस्तानमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९७२''': जनवरी २, १९७२ मा, [[पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[जुल्फिकार अली भुट्टो]], [[पूर्वी पाकिस्तान]] टुटेपछि, सबै प्रमुखको राष्ट्रियकरणको घोषणा गरियो। कपडा उद्योग र जग्गा बाहेक फलाम र इस्पात, भारी इन्जिनियरिङ्, भारी विद्युत, पेट्रोकेमिकल, सिमेन्ट र सार्वजनिक उपयोगिताहरू लगायतका उद्योगहरू। [[अपरेशन फेयर प्ले]] मा प्रधानमन्त्री भुट्टोको अपदस्थ पछि यो प्रक्रिया प्रभावकारी रूपमा समाप्त भयो। *'''२०११''': डिसेम्बर १५, २०११ मा, [[पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[युसुफ रजा गिलानी|युसुफ रजा गिलानी]] [[पाकिस्तान इन्टरनेशनल एयरलाइन्स|पीआईए] का सबै निजी शेयरहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। ]], [[पाकिस्तान रेलवे|रेलवे]], र [[पाकिस्तान स्टिल मिल्स|स्टील मिल्स]], राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेका उद्यमहरूको पूँजी उडानको सुरक्षा गर्न। एक ठूलो झटका मा सरकारमा आर्थिक उदारवादीहरूलाई, संघीय मन्त्रिपरिषद्ले पाकिस्तान स्टिल मिल सहित आठ ठूला सरकारी स्वामित्वका कम्पनीहरूको निजीकरणको विरुद्धमा निर्णय गर्‍यो। == २१. तुर्कमेनिस्तान == == २२. उजबेकिस्तान == == २३. ताजिकिस्तान == == २४. किर्गिजस्तान == == २५. कजाकिस्तान == == २६. चीनमा राष्ट्रियकरण == [[चीन गणतन्त्र (1912-1949)|रिपब्लिकन चाइना]] को अवधिमा, [[सन यात-सेन]] ले व्यापक भूमि सुधार र धेरै उद्योगहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Nationalisation in Taiwan|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news_amp.php?unit=8&post=13799&unitname=Economics-Taiwan-Review&postname=Dr.-Sun-Yat-sen%27s-Land-Program-and-the-Nationalization-of-land}}</ref> [[माओ त्से तुङ]] अन्तर्गत जनवादी गणतन्त्र चीनको उदयले सबै निजी सम्पत्तिहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, निजी स्वामित्वलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्‍यो, जमिनसमेत, र राज्यले उत्पादन र मूल्य स्तरहरू निर्धारण गर्यो। यी मध्ये केहीलाई १९७८ मा [[चिनियाँ आर्थिक सुधार|खुला प्रतिबन्धहरू]] पछि उल्टाइयो, जसले निजी र विदेशी लगानीलाई देशमा प्रवेश गर्न अनुमति दियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Nationalisation in China Economy|url = https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=61907}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630190118/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=61907 |date=2024-06-30 }}</ref> [[ताइवानमा मार्शल ल|मार्शल ल अवधि]] र ताइवानमा लोकतान्त्रिकीकरणको अन्त्य पछि, गणतन्त्र चीनले धेरै सरकारी स्वामित्वका सम्पत्तिहरूलाई निजीकरण गर्न थाल्यो, त्यो पनि [[कुओमिनटाङ]] को स्वामित्वमा थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Taiwan Marshall Law|https://taiwantoday.tw/news_amp.php?</ref> == २७. मंगोलिया == == २८. सार्क राष्ट्र भारतमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९४९''' (१ जनवरी) [[भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक #1935–1949|रिजर्व बैंक अफ इन्डिया]] राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203192156/http://www.rbi.org/ |date=2024-02-03 }}</ref> *'''१९५३''' [[एयर इन्डिया]] एयर कर्पोरेशन ऐन १९५३ अन्तर्गत। *'''१९५५''' [[इम्पेरियल बैंक अफ इन्डिया]] र यसका सहायक कम्पनीहरू ([[स्टेट बैंक अफ इन्डिया]] र यसका सहायकहरू) *'''१९६९''' [[भारतमा बैंकिङ#राष्ट्रियकरण|१४ भारतीय बैंकहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण]] *''''१९७२'''' [[भारतीय सामान्य बीमा निगम]] अन्तर्गत १०७ बीमा कम्पनीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण र पुनर्संरचना।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailytools.in/InsuranceKnowledge/GeneralInsuranceBusinessAct|title{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} = सामान्य बीमा व्यवसाय राष्ट्रियकरण अधिनियम - 1972 &#124; दैनिक उपकरण} }</ref> *'''१९७३''' [[भारतमा कोल खानी #कोल खानीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण|कोल उद्योग]] [[कोल इन्डिया लिमिटेड]] अन्तर्गत र [[भारतमा तेल र ग्यास उद्योग|तेल र ग्यास उद्योग]] अन्तर्गत [[तेल र प्राकृतिक ग्यास निगम]]।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/dharmendra-pradhan-cites-nationalisation-act-to-back-why-ongc -avoided-open-offer-after-buying-hpcl-stake-4315709.html|title = Nationalisation of Coal Mine in India|Date = 23 जनवरी 2018}</ref> *'''१९८०''' अर्को [[भारतमा बैंकिङ#राष्ट्रियकरण|छ बैंक]] राष्ट्रियकरण। == २९. सार्क राष्ट्र नेपालमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *''''१९५१'''' क्रान्तिपछि सरकारले देशभर निजी र साम्प्रदायिक [[वन]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो।<ref>[http://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/private-forests-nationalization -act-nepal नेपालमा निजी वन राष्ट्रियकरण ऐन], ''पर्यावरण र समाज'', अज्ञात।</ref> नेपालको संविधान २०७२ ले नागरिकको शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य र आवासको हकलाई मौलिक हकको रुपमा व्याख्या गरेको हुंदा यी तीनवटै क्षेत्रका साथै रोजगारमा समेत नागरिकको सहज पहूँचको लागि शिक्षा सेवा, स्वास्थ्य सेवा, जमीन तथा आवास र रोजगार सिर्जनामा राष्ट्रियकरण आवश्यक मात्र होइन ढिला नै भैसकेको छ। == ३०. सार्क राष्ट्र श्रीलंकामा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९७१''' ग्रेफाइट खानीहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, राज्य ग्रेफाइट कर्पोरेशन सिर्जना गरियो। *'''१९७२''' स्थानीय स्वामित्वमा रहेको चिया, रबर र नरिवलको बगैंचा राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=[[[ Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=274|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> *'''१ नोभेम्बर १९५७''' [[कातुनायके एयर बेस]] र [[ट्रिंकोमाली नौसेना बेस]] बेलायतबाट लिइएको।<ref name=Peeblesxxxii>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title =श्रीलंकाको ऐतिहासिक शब्दकोश|date=2015|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=xxxii|url=https://books.google.com/books ?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> *'''१ जनवरी १९५८''' बस यातायात राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, [[सिलोन यातायात बोर्ड]] सिर्जना गरी।<ref name=Peeblesxxxii/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical श्रीलंकाको शब्दकोश|date=2015|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id =50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=जब बस सेवाहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/081228/FunDay/fundaytimes_2.html|work=[[आइतबार टाइम्स (श्रीलंका)]]|date=28 डिसेम्बर 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ceylon Year Book 1959|publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Ceylon|page=xiii|url= http://noolaham.net/project/119/11885/11885.pdf}}</ref> * '''१ August १९५८''' [[Port of Colombo]] nationalised, creating the [[Port (Cargo) Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Origins|url=http://www.renukagroup.com/about_us/origins.php|publisher=Renuka Holdings PLC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Colombo port nationalised|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/080803/FunDay/fundaytimes_2.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=3 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ceylon Year Book 1959|publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Ceylon|page=xiv|url=http://noolaham.net/project/119/11885/11885.pdf}}</ref> * '''१४ January १९६१''' Private schools nationalised.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=xxxiii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chronologies of Tamils & Sri Lanka|url=http://www.sangam.org/2011/09/3_Chronologies.php?uid=4459&print=true|publisher=Ilankai Tamil Sangam|date=12 September 2011}}</ref> *'''२७ जुलाई १९६१''' [[बैंक अफ सिलोन]] राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=[ [Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=54|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{ {साइड समाचार|शीर्षक=बैंक अफ सिलोन राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको 2008} }</ref> *'''१९६१''' बीमा उद्योग राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, [[श्रीलंका बीमा निगम]] सिर्जना गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thangakone|first1=Jeya|title=श्रीलंकाको बीमा उद्योगको इतिहास र विकास |url=http://www.island.lk/2009/11/16/business2.html|work=[[द आइल्याण्ड (श्रीलंका)]]|date=16 नोभेम्बर 2009}}</ref> == ३१. सार्क राष्ट्र माल्दिभ्समा राष्ट्रियकरण == == ३२. सार्क राष्ट्र भुटानमा राष्ट्रियकरण == == ३३. सार्क राष्ट्र बंगलादेशमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९७१''' [[स्टेट बैंक अफ बंगलादेश]] को [[स्टेट बैंक अफ पाकिस्तान]] को पूर्वी भागमा निजी शेयरहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण गरेर स्थापना गरिएको थियो।<ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980) : [[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण]]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core .ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 79।</ref> *'''१९७२-१९७४''' सन् १९७१ मा [[बंगलादेश]] स्वतन्त्र भएको तीन वर्षको अवधिमा सरकारले ७ सय ८६ औधोगिक संस्थालाई आफ्नो कब्जामा लिएको थियो। यो सङ्ख्यामा सरकारले ११ उद्योगमा ७६ जुट मिल, ५२ कपडा मिल, ३० टेक्सटाइल ट्यानरी, १७ इन्जिनियरिङ कम्पनी, १६ फूड उत्पादक, १५ चिनी मिल, १० कागज उद्योग कम्पनी, ९ वटा मल उद्योगमा रहेका २ सय ४५ प्रतिष्ठानलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ । र रासायनिक उद्योगहरू, ८ इस्पात कम्पनीहरू, ६ तेल र ग्यास कम्पनीहरू, र ६ वन उद्योगहरू|<ref>{{मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980): [https://core .ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] ।Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 154।</ref> सोही अवधिमा थप ३७५ राज्य-स्वामित्वका उद्यमहरू स्थापना भएका थिए, तर ३२० तिनीहरूलाई पछि बंगाली मालिकहरूलाई पुन: निजीकरणको लागि राखिएको थियो, जसमध्ये १९७८ सम्म २११ निजीकरण गरिएको थियो। बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण]<ref>{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06- 24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 155।</ref> *'''१९७२''' मार्च २६, १९७२ मा, बंगलादेश सरकारले औपचारिक रूपमा (पश्चिम) पाकिस्तानी नागरिकहरूको सबै सम्पत्ति कब्जा गर्यो। १९७१-१९७४ मा कब्जा गरिएका धेरै उद्यमहरू पश्चिम पाकिस्तानीहरू (वर्तमान [[पाकिस्तान]] का नागरिकहरू) को स्वामित्वमा थिए जो युद्ध र स्वतन्त्रताको समयमा देश छोडेर भागेका थिए। *'''१९७२''' मार्च २६, १९७२ मा, सरकारले (पश्चिम) पाकिस्तानी र बंगलादेशी शेयरधारकहरूका १२ वटा वाणिज्य बैंकहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो। <ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (१९८०): [https://core.ac. .uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/ |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 68।</ref> *'''१९७५''' राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेका उद्यमहरूको ठूलो मात्रामा विनिवेश र अघिल्लो निजी मालिकहरूलाई क्षतिपूर्तिको प्रतिपूर्तिसँगै नीतिहरूको उल्टोपन सुरु भयो।<ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980): [https://core] .ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/33334137.pdf|date=2021-06-24}}, डॉक्टरेट थीसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 146-147।</ref> *'''१९७७''' यस वर्ष, पहिले राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएका उद्यमहरूमध्ये कुल ३७१, अझै पनि राज्यको स्वामित्वमा छन्। लगभग ४०० कम्पनीहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरी निजी मालिकहरूलाई हस्तान्तरण गरिएको थियो। <ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980): [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 160-164।</ref> = एशियाका अन्य राष्ट्रहरुमा राष्ट्रियकरण = == ३४. म्यानमार == == ३५. थाइल्याण्ड == == ३६. लाओस == == ३७. कम्बोडिया == == ३८ भियतनाम == * '''१९८०''' मा [[भियतनामको संविधान|भियतनामको समाजवादी गणतन्त्रको संविधान]] अनुसार, किसानहरूको जग्गाको स्वामित्व गायब भयो, राज्यको स्वामित्वमा देश भरी भूमि थियो र मानिसहरूलाई भूमिको अस्थायी प्रयोगको अधिकार छ, ढिलो परिणामको रूपमा। सन् १९५३ देखि १९५६ सम्म [[भूमि सुधार इन उत्तर भियतनाम]] को।<ref>[http://vietnamese-law-consultancy.com/english/content/browse.php?action=shownews&category=&id=8&topicid=186 भियतनाममा स्वामित्व व्यवस्थाहरू]</ref> * '''१९७५''' मा [[साइगनको पतन]] पछि, सरकारले [[रिपब्लिक अफ साउथ भियतनाम|दक्षिण भियतनामको अस्थायी क्रान्तिकारी सरकार]] मा "जमीन मालिक" र "कम्प्राडोर" को लगभग सबै सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। चर्च र दक्षिण भियतनाम सरकारको। सबै निजी उद्यमहरू सडक बिक्रेताहरूलाई क्षतिपूर्ति बिना नै राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, तर "छाया कम्पनीहरू" सञ्चालन जारी छन्। == ३९. मलेसिया == == ४०. सिंगापुर == == ४१. ब्रुनाई == == ४२. इन्डोनेसिया == *'''१९५३''' [[बैंक अफ जाभा]] राष्ट्रियकरण भयो, राष्ट्रियकरण पछि यो बैंक [[बैंक इन्डोनेसिया]] भयो। * '''१९५७''' [[पश्चिमी न्यू गिनी विवाद]] को उचाईको समयमा, डच कम्पनीहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। *'''१९६४''' [[इन्डोनेसिया-मलेसिया टकराव|कन्फ्रन्टासी]] को उचाइमा, ब्रिटिश कम्पनीहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। *'''१९९८''' चार बैंकहरू [[[१९९७ एशियाई वित्तीय संकट|वित्तीय संकट]]] ([[बैंक दानामोन]], [[बैंक मध्य एशिया|बैंक बीसीए]], [[बैंक टियारा एशिया]], र [[इन्डोनेसियाको निजी विकास वित्त कम्पनी|बैंक PDFCI]])। == ४३. पूर्वी टिमोर == == ४४. फिलिपिन्स == [[फिलिपिन्स|फिलिपिन्स]] राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस]]को कार्यकालमा, [[फिलिपिन्स लामो दूरीको टेलिफोन कम्पनी]] (PLDT), [[फिलिपिन्स एयरलाइन्स]], [[मेराल्को]] जस्ता महत्त्वपूर्ण कम्पनीहरू। [[मनिला होटल]] राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। अन्य कम्पनीहरू कहिलेकाहीँ यी सरकारी स्वामित्वका निगमहरूमा समाहित भएका थिए, साथै अन्य कम्पनीहरू, जस्तै [[राष्ट्रिय पावर कर्पोरेशन]] (नापोकोर) र [[फिलिपिन्स राष्ट्रिय रेलवे]], जुन आफ्नै अधिकारमा [[एकाधिकार]] (अपवाद मेराल्को र [[मनिला होटेल]] हुन्)। आज, यी कम्पनीहरूलाई पुन: निजीकरण गरिएको छ र केही, जस्तै PLDT र फिलिपिन्स एयरलाइन्स, एकाधिकार हटाइयो। अन्य, जस्तै [[सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको र नियन्त्रित निगम]] नापोकोर, निजीकरणको प्रक्रियामा छन्। == ४५. दक्षिण कोरिया == *'''१९४६''' [[कोरियामा]] संयुक्त राज्य सेनाको सैन्य सरकार यी अब [[कोराइल]] को एक हिस्सा हो। == ४६. ​​उत्तर कोरिया == उत्तर कोरियामा [[सोभियत सिभिल एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन]] र [[वर्कर्स पार्टी अफ नर्थ कोरिया|वर्कर्स पार्टी]]-प्रभावित [[पीपल्स कमिटी अफ उत्तर कोरिया|अन्तिम सरकार]] द्वारा धेरै जग्गा, उद्यम र उद्योगहरूलाई पनि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि, जुन पछि १९४८ मा [[उत्तर कोरिया|डेमोक्रेटिक जनवादी गणतन्त्र कोरिया]] भयो। == ४७. जापान == * '''१९०६''' [[रेलवे राष्ट्रियकरण ऐन]] १७ रेलवे कम्पनीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण [[जापानमा रेल यातायात|राष्ट्रव्यापी रेलवे नेटवर्क]] बनाउनको लागि जुन पछि [[जापानी राष्ट्रिय रेलवे]] भनियो। *'''२००३''' [[रेसोना होल्डिङ्स]] बैंकको पुँजी पर्याप्तता निकै कम भएपछि प्रभावकारी रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''२०१०''' [[जापान एयरलाइन्स]] दिवालिया भएपछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''२०१२''' [[टोक्यो इलेक्ट्रिक पावर कम्पनी]] [[फुकुशिमा दाइची आणविक प्रकोप]] पछि [[टोक्यो|टोकियो मेट्रोपोलिस]] द्वारा आंशिक रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। == (च) ओसेनिया == === अस्ट्रेलिया === *'''१९४६''' [[दक्षिण अष्ट्रेलियाको सरकार|दक्षिण अष्ट्रेलियाको सरकार]] ले एडिलेड विद्युत आपूर्ति कम्पनीलाई [[दक्षिण अष्ट्रेलियाको विद्युतीय ट्रस्ट]] मा राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। *'''१९४८'''सरकारले [[बैंकिङ इन अष्ट्रेलिया|बैंकिङ उद्योग]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, तर उक्त कार्यलाई [[अष्ट्रेलियाको उच्च अदालत]] ले असंवैधानिक घोषित गरेको थियो ''[[बैंक अफ न्यू साउथ वेल्स विरुद्ध कमनवेल्थ]]''।<ref name="Ref_a">[http://www.ccentre.wa.gov.au/ForSchools/Backgroundinformation/TheThreeArmsofGovernment/Pages/TheRoleoftheHighCourt.aspx पश्चिमी अस्ट्रेलियाको संवैधानिक केन्द्र | उच्च अदालतको भूमिका]</ref> *'''२०२३''' [[अष्ट्रेलियाको राजधानी क्षेत्रको सरकार]] राष्ट्रियकरण [[कलवरी अस्पताल, क्यानबेरा]]। === न्युजिल्याण्ड === *'''१९४५''' [[बैंक अफ न्यूजील्याण्ड]] राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। यो पछि १९९२ मा [[राष्ट्रिय अस्ट्रेलिया बैंक]] लाई बेचियो। * '''२००१''' सरकारले [[Tranz Rail]] बाट [[Auckland]] रेलवे नेटवर्क खरिद गर्यो। *'''२००३''' श्रम सरकारले ठूलो आर्थिक इन्फ्युजनको सट्टामा दिवालिया भएको राष्ट्रिय वायु वाहक [[एयर न्युजिल्याण्ड]] मा ८०% हिस्सेदारी लियो। *'''२००४''' देशको बाँकी [[न्युजिल्याण्डमा रेल यातायात|रेल नेटवर्क]] [[टोल न्यूजील्याण्ड]] बाट खरिद गरिएको हो, पहिले ट्रान्ज रेल थियो। एउटा नयाँ [[राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको उद्यम]], [[ONTRACK]], रेल पूर्वाधारलाई कायम राख्न स्थापना गरिएको थियो। *'''२००८''' टोल न्यूजील्याण्डको [[रोलिङ स्टक]] र फेरीहरू खरिद गरियो, रेल प्रणालीलाई राज्यको स्वामित्वमा ल्याएर, [[किवीरेल]] नामकरण गरियो। === पपुवा न्यू गिनी === === पलाउ === === माइक्रोनेसिया === === मार्शल टापुहरू === === नाउरु === === भानुआतु === === सोलोमन टापुहरू === === किरिबाटी === === टुभालु === === टोंगा === === फिजी === === सामोआ === == संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्य नरहेका देशहरुमा राष्ट्रियकरण == === कोसोभा === === प्यालेस्टाइन === === पश्चिमी सहारा === === टर्कीस साइप्रस === === ताइवान === ===भ्याटिकन सिटी === =सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू= {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रियकरण]] [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:आर्थिक प्रणाली]] j5nldq2npvx1x05id1453d99h13xfum 0 135014 1372845 1370607 2026-08-31T06:26:42Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Steel_wire_rope.JPG|अङ्गुठाकार|स्टिल केवल]] '''स्टिल'''/ [[इस्पात]] [[फलाम]] र [[कार्बन|कार्बनको]] [[मिश्रधातु|मिश्र धातु]] हो। फलामका अन्य रूपको तुलनामा यसमा स्ट्रेन्थ र फ्र्याक्चर रेजिस्टेन्स सुधारिएको हुन्छ। धेरै अन्य तत्वहरू पनि मिलाइएको हुन सक्छ। स्टेनलेस स्टिल, जुन [[खिया]] प्रतिरोधी र अक्सीकरण प्रतिरोधी हुन्छ, सामान्यतया अतिरिक्त ११ % क्रोमियम चाहिन्छ। यसको उच्च तन्य शक्ति र कम लागतको कारण स्टिलको प्रयोग भवन, पूर्वाधार, उपकरण, जहाज, रेल, कार, [[साइकल]], मेसिन, विद्युतीय उपकरण, फर्निचर र हतियारहरूमा गरिन्छ। यसमा सजिलैसँग [[वेल्डिङ]] गर्न सकिन्छ । फलाम इस्पातको आधारभूत धातु हो। स्टिललाई [[फलाम]] र [[कार्बन|कार्बनको]] [[मिश्रधातु|मिश्र धातु]] मानिन्छ (अन्य तत्वहरू पनि भए वा नभए पनि ) <ref>Prawoto, Yunan (2013). Integration of Mechanics into Materials Science Research: A Guide for Material Researchers in Analytical, Computational and Experimental Methods. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781300712350.</ref> कार्बनले फलामको गुणहरूलाई अन्य तत्वहरू भन्दा बढी प्रभावित गर्छ ; यसले अद्वितीय विस्ततारमा विभिन्न गुणहरू प्राप्त हुन्छ।अन्य धेरै साधारण तत्वहरू पनि थप्दा फलाम र इस्पातको गुणहरू परिवर्तन हुने भए पनि यी मध्ये, कार्बन मुख्य तत्व हो। यसले फलामको कठोरता र शक्तिलाई समानुपातिक रूपमा बढाउँछ, विशेष गरी उचित [[गर्मी उपचार|ताप उपचार]] पछि। [[फलाम]]सँग कार्बन सबैभन्दा किफायती हुन्छ , तर आवश्यकता अनुसार, [[म्याङगनिज|म्यांगनीज]], [[क्रोमियम]], [[वैंनेडियम|भ्यानेडियम]] र [[टंग्सटन|टंगस्टन]] पनि मिलाइन्छ। कार्बन र अन्य पदार्थले मिश्र धातुलाई कठोरता प्रदान गर्दछ। फलाममा उपयुक्त मात्रामा मिश्रक थपेर फलामलाई आवश्यक कठोरता (Hardness), तन्यता (Tensile Strength) र लचकता (Flexibility) प्रदान गरिन्छ। फलाममा जति धेरै कार्बन थपिन्छ, स्टिल जति कडा हुँदै जान्छ, कठोरता बढ्दै जान्छ । फलाममा कार्बनको अधिकतम घुलनशीलता ११४९ डिग्री सेल्सियसमा २.१४ प्रतिशत हुन्छ। कम तापक्रममा, यदि फलाममा अधिक कार्बन मिलाइयो भने सिमेन्टाइट बन्छ। यदि फलाममा यो भन्दा बढी कार्बन छ भने यसलाई [[कास्ट आयरन]] भनिन्छ, किनभने यसको [[पग्लने बिन्दु]] घट्छ। स्टिल यो कारणले पनि कास्ट आइरन भन्दा फरक छ किनभने यसमा अन्य तत्वहरूको मात्रा धेरै कम हुन्छ अर्थात् लगभग १ देखि ३ प्रतिशत। स्टिलको उत्पादन हजारौं वर्षसम्म ब्लोमरी भट्टीमा गरिएको थियो, तर यसको वृहत स्तरमा, औद्योगिक प्रयोग १७ औं शताब्दीमा ब्लास्ट फर्नेसको परिचय र क्रूसिबल स्टिलको उत्पादनको साथ थप कुशल उत्पादन विधिहरू बनाइएपछि मात्र सुरु भयो। १९ औं शताब्दीको मध्यमा [[बेलायत|इङ्गल्याण्डमा]] बेसेमर प्रक्रिया र त्यसपछि ओपन-हर्थ फर्नेस को बिकास भयो। बेसेमर प्रक्रियाको आविष्कार संगै, स्टिलको [[बृहत उत्पादन]] को एक नयाँ युग शुरू भयो। माइल्ड स्टिल( [[:en:Mild_steel|Mild steel]])ले [[पिटवा फलाम|रट आइरन]]([[:en:Wrought_iron|wrought iron]]) लाई प्रतिस्थापित गर्यो। जर्मन राज्य १९ औं शताब्दीमा युरोपमा ठूलो स्टिल शक्तिको रुपमा उदाए। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=R. |first=Allen |title=(1979). International Competition in Iron and Steel, 1850-1913 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2120336 |publisher=Cambridge university |jstor=2120336 |access-date=November 13, 2020}}</ref> आज, स्टिल विश्वमा सबैभन्दा सामान्य रूपमा निर्मित सामग्रीहरू मध्ये एक हो। विश्वमा वार्षिक १.६ बिलियन &nbsp;टन भन्दा बढी उत्पादन हुन्छ। आधुनिक स्टिल सामान्यतया विभिन्न मानक संगठनहरू द्वारा परिभाषित विभिन्न ग्रेडहरू द्वारा पहिचान गरिन्छ। आधुनिक स्टिल उद्योग संसारको सबैभन्दा ठूलो उत्पादन उद्योगहरू मध्ये एक हो, तर सबैभन्दा ऊर्जा र हरितगृह ग्यास उत्सर्जन तीव्र उद्योगहरू मध्ये पनि एक हो, जसले विश्वव्यापी उत्सर्जनको ८% योगदान गर्दछ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Decarbonization in steel {{!}} McKinsey |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/decarbonization-challenge-for-steel |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=www.mckinsey.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213111007/https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/decarbonization-challenge-for-steel |date=2024-02-13 }}</ref> यद्यपि, स्टिल धेरै पुन: प्रयोज्य पनि छ: यो विश्वको सबैभन्दा धेरै पुन: प्रयोग गरिने सामग्रीहरू मध्ये एक हो, विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ६०% भन्दा बढीको रिसाइकल दरको साथ। <ref name="encarta-recycling">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Recycling|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556346/Recycling.html|archivedate=2008-04-14}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414215636/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556346/Recycling.html |date=2008-04-14 }}</ref> == गुणहरू == स्टिलको [[घनत्व]] [[मिश्रधातु|मिश्र धातु]]का घटकमा आधारित हुन्छ तर सामान्यतया {{Convert|7750|and|8050|kg/m3|lb/ft3|abbr=on}} , वा {{Convert|7.75|and|8.05|g/cm3|oz/cuin|abbr=on}} को बीचमा हुन्छ। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elert |first=Glenn |title=Density of Steel |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/KarenSutherland.shtml |access-date=2009-04-23}}</ref> == उत्पादन == सन् २०२२ मा, विश्वको कुल कच्चा स्टिल उत्पादन लगभग १.९ अर्ब टन थियो। हाल सबैभन्दा ठूलो स्टिल उत्पादक देश [[चीन]] हो, जसले सन् २०२२ मा विश्वको इस्पात उत्पादनको ५४% ओगटेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:976723ed-74b3-47b4-92f6-81b6a452b86e/World%2520Steel%2520in%2520Figures%25202021.pdf|title=World Steel in Figures 2021|access-date=2021-07-23|language=en}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083325/https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:976723ed-74b3-47b4-92f6-81b6a452b86e/World%20Steel%20in%20Figures%202021.pdf |date=2021-06-28 }}</ref> सन् २०२० मा, [[२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस प्रकोप|कोरोना महामारी]]को बाबजुद, चीन एक अर्ब टन भन्दा बढी स्टील उत्पादन गर्ने पहिलो देश बनेको थियो।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/chinas-steel-sector-sees-output-growth-in-2020|title=China's steel sector sees output growth in 2020|access-date=2021-03-07|language=en}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209080415/https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/chinas-steel-sector-sees-output-growth-in-2020/ |date=2021-02-09 }}</ref> [[२००७-२००८ को वित्तीय सङ्कट|सन् २००८]], २००९, २०१५ र २०१६ मा [[आर्थिक मन्दी|विश्वव्यापी मन्दी]]को परिणामस्वरुप अधिकांश स्टिल उत्पादक देशहरूमा उत्पादन घटेको थियो भने सन् २०१० र २०१७ मा, यो फेरि बढेको थियोे। == उपयोग == === ऐतिहासिक === [[चित्र:Carbon_steel_knife.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार| एक कार्बन स्टील चक्कु]] बेसेमर प्रक्रिया र अन्य आधुनिक उत्पादन प्रविधिहरूको विकास हुनु अघि, स्टिल महँगो थियो र सस्तो विकल्प नभएको ठाउँमा मात्र प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो, विशेष गरी [[चक्कु]], छुरा, [[तरबार|तरवार]] र अन्य वस्तुहरूको काट्ने किनाराका लागि जहाँ कडा, धारिलो धार चाहिन्छ। यो घडीमा प्रयोग हुने स्प्रिङ्सका लगायतका लागि पनि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। <ref name="britannicaironandsteel">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Iron and steel industry|encyclopedia=Britannica|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2007}}</ref> द्रुत र मितव्ययी उत्पादन विधिहरूको आगमन संगै, स्टिल बनाउन सजिलो र धेरै सस्तो भएको छ। यसले धेरै प्रायोजनमा रट आइरनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको छ। यद्यपि, [[२० औं शताब्दी]]को उत्तरार्धमा प्लास्टिकको उपलब्धताले यी सामग्रीहरूलाई तिनको कम निर्माण लागत र तौलका कारण केही प्रयोगमा स्टिललाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्ने बाटो खुलेको छ। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Materials science|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/materials-science}}</ref> कार्बन फाइबरले केही लागत असंवेदनशील प्रयोजनहरूमा जस्तै खेलकुद उपकरणहरू र उच्च-अन्तको अटोमोबाइलहरूमा स्टिललाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दैछ। === लामो === [[चित्र:The_viaduct_La_Polvorilla,_Salta_Argentina.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार| एउटा स्टिल पुल]] [[चित्र:Steel_tower.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार| ओभरहेड पावर लाइनहरू झुन्डाइएको एउटा स्टिल पाइलन]] * प्रबलित कंक्रीटमा प्रबलित बार र जालको रूपमा * रेलमार्ग ट्र्याकहरू * [[व्यापारिक भवन|आधुनिक भवन]] र पुलहरूमा संरचनात्मक इस्पात * तारहरु * रिफर्जिङ एपहरूमा इनपुट === सपाट कार्बन === * प्रमुख उपकरणहरू * चुम्बकीय कोर * अटोमोबाइल, रेल र जहाजको भित्री र बाहिरी भाग। === स्टेनलेस === [[चित्र:Sauce_boat.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार| एक स्टेनलेस स्टील ग्रेवी डुङ्गा]]   ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{ढाँचा:Iron and steel production}} [[श्रेणी:मिश्रधातु]] [[श्रेणी:निर्माण सामग्रीहरू]] p4ag3f7z0zjijaraf30umwcyyfb8ogi 0 141206 1372847 1368831 2026-08-31T06:27:21Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रयोगहरू */ 1372847 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Helium_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Helium discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Helium discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Neon_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Neon discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Neon discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Argon_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Argon discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Argon discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Krypton discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Krypton discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Xenon discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Xenon discharge tube]] '''नोबल ग्याँसहरू'''[English : Noble gas(s)](ऐतिहासिक रूपमा '''निष्कृय ग्यासहरू''', कहिलेकाहीँ '''एरोजेन्स''' भनेर चिनिन्छन् <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bauzá |first=Antonio |last2=Frontera |first2=Antonio |date=2015 |title=Aerogen Bonding Interaction: A New Supramolecular Force? |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |volume=54 |issue=25 |pages=7340–3 |doi=10.1002/anie.201502571 |pmid=25950423}}</ref> ) [[आवर्त सारणी|पेरियोडिक तालिकाको]] समूह १८ का प्राकृतिक रूपमा पाइने सदस्यहरू हुन्: [[हिलियम]] (He), [[नियोन]] (Ne), [[आर्गन]] (Ar), [[क्रिप्टन]] (Ke)।, xenon (Xe), र radon (Rn)। साधारण अवस्थाहरूमा, यी [[रसायनिक तत्व|तत्वहरू]] गन्धहीन, रंगहीन, धेरै कम रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाशीलता र क्रायोजेनिक उम्लने बिन्दुहरू भएका मोनाटोमिक ग्यासहरू हुन्। नोबल ग्याँसहरूको निष्कृयताले तिनीहरूलाई रासायनिक प्रतिकृया नचाहिने अवस्थामा उपयोगी बनाउँछ। उदाहरणका लागि, आर्गनलाई [[वेल्डिङ|वेल्डिङमा]] सिल्डिङ ग्यास कवचको रूपमा र इन्यान्डेसेन्ट लाइट बल्बहरूमा फिलर ग्यासको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। हिन्डनबर्ग दुर्घटनामा [[हाइड्रोजन|हाइड्रोजनको]] ज्वलनशीलताको कारणले गर्दा हुने जोखिमहरू स्पष्ट भएपछि, हाइड्रोजनलाई ब्लीम्प्स र बेलुनहरूमा हेलियमले प्रतिस्थापित गरियो। हेलियम र नियोनको पनि कम उम्लने तापक्रम को कारणले [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट]]को रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। रेडन बाहेक नोबल ग्याँसहरूको [[म्यानुफ्याकचरिङ|औद्योगिक]] मात्रा, ग्यासहरूको तरलता र आंशिक आसवनको विधिहरू प्रयोग गरेर [[पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल|हावा]]बाट अलग गरेर प्राप्त गरिन्छ। हेलियम पनि [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस]] को खनन प्रकृयाको एक उप-उत्पाद हो। रेडोन सामान्यतया विघटित [[रेडियम]], [[थोरियम]], वा [[युरेनियम|यूरेनियम]] यौगिकहरूको रेडियोधर्मी क्षयबाट अलग गरिन्छ। == इतिहास == ''नोबल ग्याँस'' [[जर्मनेली भाषा|जर्मन]] शब्द {{Lang|de|Edelgas}} बाट अनुवाद गरिएको हो , पहिलो पटक १९०० मा Hugo Erdmann द्वारा यी ग्यासहरूको प्रतिक्रियाको अत्यन्त कम स्तर संकेत गर्न प्रयोग गरिएको थियो <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renouf |first=Edward |year=1901 |title=Noble gases |url=https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderanor01erdmgoog/page/78/mode/2up |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=13 |issue=320 |pages=268–270 |bibcode=1901Sci....13..268R |doi=10.1126/science.13.320.268 |s2cid=34534533}}</ref> । यो नामले " नोबल धातुहरू " शब्दसँग समानता दिन्छ, जसको पनि प्रतिकृयाको स्तर अत्यन्त कम छ। नोबल ग्याँसलाई ''निष्क्रिय ग्यास'' पनि भनिन्छ, तर धेरै नोबल ग्याँस यौगिकहरू अहिले पहिचान भएकाले यो लेबललाई हटाइएको छ। <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ozima|2002|p=30}}</ref> ''दुर्लभ ग्यासहरू'' अर्को शब्द हो जुन प्रयोग गरिएको थियो, <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ozima|2002|p=4}}</ref> तर यो पनि गलत छ किनभने [[आर्गन]] रेडियोधर्मी पोटासियम-४० को क्षयको कारण बन्ने भएकाले [[पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल]]मा पर्याप्त मात्रामा (०.९४% मात्रामा, द्रव्यमान हिसाबले १.३%) छ। <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=argon|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9009382/argon}}</ref> == भौतिक र आणविक गुणहरू == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Property<ref name="brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Noble Gas|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110613/noble-gas}}</ref><ref name="greenwood891">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Greenwood|1997|p=891}}</ref> ![[हिलियम]] ![[नियोन]] ![[आर्गन]] ![[क्रिप्टन]] !Xenon !Radon !Oganesson |- | align="left" |[[घनत्व]] (g/dm<nowiki><sup id="mw-g">3</sup></nowiki>) |0.1786 |0.9002 |1.7818 |3.708 |5.851 |9.97 |7200 (predicted)<ref name="og">{{Cite journal |last=Smits |first=Odile |last2=Mewes |first2=Jan-Michael |last3=Jerabek |first3=Paul |last4=Schwerdtfeger |first4=Peter |date=2020 |title=Oganesson: A Noble Gas Element That Is Neither Noble Nor a Gas |journal=[[Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.]] |volume=59 |issue=52 |pages=23636–23640 |doi=10.1002/anie.202011976 |pmc=7814676 |pmid=32959952 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Boiling point (K) |4.4 |27.3 |87.4 |121.5 |166.6 |211.5 |450±10 (predicted)<ref name="og" /> |- | align="left" |Melting point (K) |– |24.7 |83.6 |115.8 |161.7 |202.2 |325±15 (predicted)<ref name="og" /> |- | align="left" |Enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/mol) |0.08 |1.74 |6.52 |9.05 |12.65 |18.1 |– |- | align="left" |Solubility in water at 20&nbsp;°C (cm³/kg) |8.61 |10.5 |33.6 |59.4 |108.1 |230 |– |- | align="left" |[[परमाणु क्रमाङ्क]] |2 |10 |18 |36 |54 |86 |118 |- | align="left" |Atomic radius (calculated) (pm) |31 |38 |71 |88 |108 |120 |– |- | align="left" |Ionization energy (kJ/mol) |2372 |2080 |1520 |1351 |1170 |1037 |839 (predicted)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Mark |year=2020 |title=Organesson: Properties of Free Atoms |url=https://www.webelements.com/oganesson/atoms.html |access-date=30 December 2020 |website=WebElements: THE periodic table on the WWW }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202072649/https://webelements.com/oganesson/atoms.html |date=2 December 2020 }}</ref> |- |- | align="left" |Electronegativity<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allen, Leland C. |year=1989 |title=Electronegativity is the average one-electron energy of the valence-shell electrons in ground-state free atoms |url=https://archive.org/details/american-chemical-society-journal_1989-12-06_111_25/page/9003 |journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] |volume=111 |issue=25 |pages=9003–9014 |doi=10.1021/ja00207a003}}</ref> |4.16 |4.79 |3.24 |2.97 |2.58 |2.60 |2.59<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tantardini, Christian |last2=Oganov, Artem R. |year=2021 |title=Thermochemical Electronegativities of the Elements |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=2087–2095 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2087T |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22429-0 |pmc=8027013 |pmid=33828104}}</ref> |} == रासायनिक गुण == [[File:Electron shell 010 Neon - no label.svg|thumb|Neon, like all noble gases, has a full [[valence shell]]. Noble gases have eight electrons in their outermost shell, except in the case of helium, which has two.|alt=An atomic shell diagram with neon core, 2 electrons in the inner shell and 8 in the outer shell.]] नोबल ग्याँसहरू मानक अवस्थामा रंगहीन, गन्धहीन, स्वादहीन र अज्वलनशील हुन्छन्। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry – Volume 23|page=217}}</ref> तिनीहरू एक पटक ''समूह'' लेबल गरिएको थियो''&nbsp;''[[आवर्त सारणी|आवधिक तालिकामा]] ''०'' किनभने यो विश्वास गरिएको थियो कि तिनीहरूसँग शून्यको भ्यालेन्स छ, जसको अर्थ तिनीहरूको [[परमाणु|परमाणुहरू]] अन्य [[रसायनिक तत्व|तत्वहरूसँग]] मिलाएर [[रासायनिक यौगिक|यौगिकहरू]] बनाउन सक्दैनन्। यद्यपि, पछि केही यौगिकहरू बनाउने कुरा पत्ता लाग्यो। <ref name="brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Noble Gas|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110613/noble-gas}}</ref> === इलेक्ट्रोन कन्फिगरेसन === अन्य समूहहरू जस्तै, यस समुहका सदस्यहरूले यसको इलेक्ट्रोन कन्फिगरेसनमा ढाँचाहरू देखाउँछन्। बाहिरी अर्बिट इलेक्ट्रोन को संख्याले रासायनिक व्यवहार प्रवृतिहरू निम्त्याउँछ: {| class="wikitable" ![[परमाणु क्रमाङ्क|Z]] ! [[रसायनिक तत्व|तत्व]] ! इलेक्ट्रोन/ शेलको संख्या |- | २ | [[हिलियम|हेलियम]] | २ |- | १० | [[नियोन]] | २, ८ |- | १८ | [[आर्गन]] | २, ८, ८ |- | ३६ | [[क्रिप्टन]] | २, ८, १८, ८ |- | ५४ | जेनन | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 |- | ८६ | रेडन | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 |- | ११८ | oganesson | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (पूर्वानुमान गरिएको) |} नोबल ग्याँसको पूर्ण भ्यालेन्स इलेक्ट्रोन शेल हुन्छ। भ्यालेन्स इलेक्ट्रोनहरू परमाणुको सबैभन्दा बाहिरी [[इलेक्ट्रोन|इलेक्ट्रोनहरू]] हुन् र सामान्यतया रासायनिक प्रतिकृयामा भाग लिने इलेक्ट्रोनहरू मात्र हुन्। पूर्ण भ्यालेन्स इलेक्ट्रोन शेल भएका परमाणुहरू अत्यन्तै स्थिर हुन्छन् र त्यसैले रासायनिक प्रतिकृयामा सहभागी हुँदैन र [[आयन|इलेक्ट्रोनहरू प्राप्त गर्ने वा गुमाउने]] प्रवृत्ति निकै कम हुन्छ। <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ozima|2002|p=35}}</ref> यद्यपि, राडोन जस्ता भारी नोबल ग्याँसहरू हेलियम जस्ता हल्का नोबल ग्याँसहरू भन्दा इलेक्ट्रोम्याग्नेटिक बल कम हुन्छ, यसले भारी नोबल ग्याँसहरूमा बाहिरी इलेक्ट्रोन हटाउन सजिलो हुन्छ। == प्रयोगहरू == [[चित्र:Modern_3T_MRI.JPG|पाठ=A large solid cylinder with a hole in its center and a rail attached to its side.|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|तरल हेलियम आधुनिक एमआरआई स्क्यानरहरूमा सुपरकन्डक्टिङ चुम्बकहरूलाई चिसो बनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ]] नोबल ग्याँसको उम्लने र [[पग्लने बिन्दु]] धेरै कम हुन्छ, त्यसकारण तिनीहरू क्रायोजेनिक [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट|रेफ्रिजेरेन्टको]] रूपमा उपयोगी हुन्छन्। <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Neon}}</ref> विशेष गरी, तरल हीलियम, जुन {{Convert|4.2|K}} मा उम्लन्छ, सुपरकन्डक्टिङ चुम्बकहरूका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जुन आणविक चुम्बकीय अनुनाद इमेजिङ र आणविक चुम्बकीय अनुनादमा आवश्यक हुन्छ। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang, C. J. |last2=Zhou, X. T. |last3=Yang, L. |year=1992 |title=Demountable coaxial gas-cooled current leads for MRI superconducting magnets |journal=IEEE Transactions on Magnetics |publisher=[[IEEE]] |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=957–959 |bibcode=1992ITM....28..957Z |doi=10.1109/20.120038}}</ref> तरल नियोन पनि क्रायोजेनिक्समा प्रयोग हुन्छ, यद्यपि यो तरल हीलियम जत्तिकै कम तापक्रममा पुग्दैन, तैपनी यसमा ।तरल हीलियम भन्दा ४० गुणा बढी र तरल हाइड्रोजन भन्दा तीन गुणा बढी फ्रिज क्षमता हुन्छ। <ref name="ullmann">{{Cite book|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry}}</ref> Noble gases are commonly used in [[lighting]] because of their lack of chemical reactivity. Argon, mixed with nitrogen, is used as a filler gas for [[incandescent light bulb]]s.<ref name=ullmann>{{cite book |author1=Häussinger, Peter |author2=Glatthaar, Reinhard |author3=Rhode, Wilhelm |author4=Kick, Helmut |author5=Benkmann, Christian |author6=Weber, Josef |author7=Wunschel, Hans-Jörg |author8=Stenke, Viktor |author9=Leicht, Edith |author10=Stenger, Hermann |chapter=Noble gases |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |publisher=Wiley |year=2002 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a17_485|isbn=3-527-30673-0 }}</ref> Krypton is used in high-performance light bulbs, which have higher [[color temperature]]s and greater efficiency, because it reduces the rate of evaporation of the filament more than argon; [[halogen lamps]], in particular, use krypton mixed with small amounts of compounds of [[iodine]] or [[bromine]].<ref name=ullmann/> The noble gases glow in distinctive colors when used inside [[gas-discharge lamp]]s, such as "[[neon lighting|neon lights]]". These lights are called after neon but often contain other gases and [[phosphor]]s, which add various hues to the orange-red color of neon. Xenon is commonly used in [[xenon arc lamp]]s, which, due to their nearly [[continuous spectrum]] that resembles daylight, find application in film projectors and as automobile headlamps.<ref name=ullmann/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{एलेमेन्ट}} {{ढाँचा:सानो पेरियोडिक तालिका}} tgrnlezz2bfxxygj3ry106rc66stx1d 1372848 1372847 2026-08-31T06:30:20Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रयोगहरू */ 1372848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Helium_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Helium discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Helium discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Neon_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Neon discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Neon discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Argon_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Argon discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Argon discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Krypton discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Krypton discharge tube]] [[चित्र:Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg|पाठ=Image: Xenon discharge tube|अङ्गुठाकार|Xenon discharge tube]] '''नोबल ग्याँसहरू'''[English : Noble gas(s)](ऐतिहासिक रूपमा '''निष्कृय ग्यासहरू''', कहिलेकाहीँ '''एरोजेन्स''' भनेर चिनिन्छन् <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bauzá |first=Antonio |last2=Frontera |first2=Antonio |date=2015 |title=Aerogen Bonding Interaction: A New Supramolecular Force? |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |volume=54 |issue=25 |pages=7340–3 |doi=10.1002/anie.201502571 |pmid=25950423}}</ref> ) [[आवर्त सारणी|पेरियोडिक तालिकाको]] समूह १८ का प्राकृतिक रूपमा पाइने सदस्यहरू हुन्: [[हिलियम]] (He), [[नियोन]] (Ne), [[आर्गन]] (Ar), [[क्रिप्टन]] (Ke)।, xenon (Xe), र radon (Rn)। साधारण अवस्थाहरूमा, यी [[रसायनिक तत्व|तत्वहरू]] गन्धहीन, रंगहीन, धेरै कम रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाशीलता र क्रायोजेनिक उम्लने बिन्दुहरू भएका मोनाटोमिक ग्यासहरू हुन्। नोबल ग्याँसहरूको निष्कृयताले तिनीहरूलाई रासायनिक प्रतिकृया नचाहिने अवस्थामा उपयोगी बनाउँछ। उदाहरणका लागि, आर्गनलाई [[वेल्डिङ|वेल्डिङमा]] सिल्डिङ ग्यास कवचको रूपमा र इन्यान्डेसेन्ट लाइट बल्बहरूमा फिलर ग्यासको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। हिन्डनबर्ग दुर्घटनामा [[हाइड्रोजन|हाइड्रोजनको]] ज्वलनशीलताको कारणले गर्दा हुने जोखिमहरू स्पष्ट भएपछि, हाइड्रोजनलाई ब्लीम्प्स र बेलुनहरूमा हेलियमले प्रतिस्थापित गरियो। हेलियम र नियोनको पनि कम उम्लने तापक्रम को कारणले [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट]]को रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। रेडन बाहेक नोबल ग्याँसहरूको [[म्यानुफ्याकचरिङ|औद्योगिक]] मात्रा, ग्यासहरूको तरलता र आंशिक आसवनको विधिहरू प्रयोग गरेर [[पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल|हावा]]बाट अलग गरेर प्राप्त गरिन्छ। हेलियम पनि [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस]] को खनन प्रकृयाको एक उप-उत्पाद हो। रेडोन सामान्यतया विघटित [[रेडियम]], [[थोरियम]], वा [[युरेनियम|यूरेनियम]] यौगिकहरूको रेडियोधर्मी क्षयबाट अलग गरिन्छ। == इतिहास == ''नोबल ग्याँस'' [[जर्मनेली भाषा|जर्मन]] शब्द {{Lang|de|Edelgas}} बाट अनुवाद गरिएको हो , पहिलो पटक १९०० मा Hugo Erdmann द्वारा यी ग्यासहरूको प्रतिक्रियाको अत्यन्त कम स्तर संकेत गर्न प्रयोग गरिएको थियो <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renouf |first=Edward |year=1901 |title=Noble gases |url=https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderanor01erdmgoog/page/78/mode/2up |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=13 |issue=320 |pages=268–270 |bibcode=1901Sci....13..268R |doi=10.1126/science.13.320.268 |s2cid=34534533}}</ref> । यो नामले " नोबल धातुहरू " शब्दसँग समानता दिन्छ, जसको पनि प्रतिकृयाको स्तर अत्यन्त कम छ। नोबल ग्याँसलाई ''निष्क्रिय ग्यास'' पनि भनिन्छ, तर धेरै नोबल ग्याँस यौगिकहरू अहिले पहिचान भएकाले यो लेबललाई हटाइएको छ। <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ozima|2002|p=30}}</ref> ''दुर्लभ ग्यासहरू'' अर्को शब्द हो जुन प्रयोग गरिएको थियो, <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ozima|2002|p=4}}</ref> तर यो पनि गलत छ किनभने [[आर्गन]] रेडियोधर्मी पोटासियम-४० को क्षयको कारण बन्ने भएकाले [[पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल]]मा पर्याप्त मात्रामा (०.९४% मात्रामा, द्रव्यमान हिसाबले १.३%) छ। <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=argon|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9009382/argon}}</ref> == भौतिक र आणविक गुणहरू == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Property<ref name="brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Noble Gas|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110613/noble-gas}}</ref><ref name="greenwood891">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Greenwood|1997|p=891}}</ref> ![[हिलियम]] ![[नियोन]] ![[आर्गन]] ![[क्रिप्टन]] !Xenon !Radon !Oganesson |- | align="left" |[[घनत्व]] (g/dm<nowiki><sup id="mw-g">3</sup></nowiki>) |0.1786 |0.9002 |1.7818 |3.708 |5.851 |9.97 |7200 (predicted)<ref name="og">{{Cite journal |last=Smits |first=Odile |last2=Mewes |first2=Jan-Michael |last3=Jerabek |first3=Paul |last4=Schwerdtfeger |first4=Peter |date=2020 |title=Oganesson: A Noble Gas Element That Is Neither Noble Nor a Gas |journal=[[Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.]] |volume=59 |issue=52 |pages=23636–23640 |doi=10.1002/anie.202011976 |pmc=7814676 |pmid=32959952 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Boiling point (K) |4.4 |27.3 |87.4 |121.5 |166.6 |211.5 |450±10 (predicted)<ref name="og" /> |- | align="left" |Melting point (K) |– |24.7 |83.6 |115.8 |161.7 |202.2 |325±15 (predicted)<ref name="og" /> |- | align="left" |Enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/mol) |0.08 |1.74 |6.52 |9.05 |12.65 |18.1 |– |- | align="left" |Solubility in water at 20&nbsp;°C (cm³/kg) |8.61 |10.5 |33.6 |59.4 |108.1 |230 |– |- | align="left" |[[परमाणु क्रमाङ्क]] |2 |10 |18 |36 |54 |86 |118 |- | align="left" |Atomic radius (calculated) (pm) |31 |38 |71 |88 |108 |120 |– |- | align="left" |Ionization energy (kJ/mol) |2372 |2080 |1520 |1351 |1170 |1037 |839 (predicted)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Mark |year=2020 |title=Organesson: Properties of Free Atoms |url=https://www.webelements.com/oganesson/atoms.html |access-date=30 December 2020 |website=WebElements: THE periodic table on the WWW }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202072649/https://webelements.com/oganesson/atoms.html |date=2 December 2020 }}</ref> |- |- | align="left" |Electronegativity<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allen, Leland C. |year=1989 |title=Electronegativity is the average one-electron energy of the valence-shell electrons in ground-state free atoms |url=https://archive.org/details/american-chemical-society-journal_1989-12-06_111_25/page/9003 |journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] |volume=111 |issue=25 |pages=9003–9014 |doi=10.1021/ja00207a003}}</ref> |4.16 |4.79 |3.24 |2.97 |2.58 |2.60 |2.59<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tantardini, Christian |last2=Oganov, Artem R. |year=2021 |title=Thermochemical Electronegativities of the Elements |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=2087–2095 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2087T |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22429-0 |pmc=8027013 |pmid=33828104}}</ref> |} == रासायनिक गुण == [[File:Electron shell 010 Neon - no label.svg|thumb|Neon, like all noble gases, has a full [[valence shell]]. Noble gases have eight electrons in their outermost shell, except in the case of helium, which has two.|alt=An atomic shell diagram with neon core, 2 electrons in the inner shell and 8 in the outer shell.]] नोबल ग्याँसहरू मानक अवस्थामा रंगहीन, गन्धहीन, स्वादहीन र अज्वलनशील हुन्छन्। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry – Volume 23|page=217}}</ref> तिनीहरू एक पटक ''समूह'' लेबल गरिएको थियो''&nbsp;''[[आवर्त सारणी|आवधिक तालिकामा]] ''०'' किनभने यो विश्वास गरिएको थियो कि तिनीहरूसँग शून्यको भ्यालेन्स छ, जसको अर्थ तिनीहरूको [[परमाणु|परमाणुहरू]] अन्य [[रसायनिक तत्व|तत्वहरूसँग]] मिलाएर [[रासायनिक यौगिक|यौगिकहरू]] बनाउन सक्दैनन्। यद्यपि, पछि केही यौगिकहरू बनाउने कुरा पत्ता लाग्यो। <ref name="brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Noble Gas|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110613/noble-gas}}</ref> === इलेक्ट्रोन कन्फिगरेसन === अन्य समूहहरू जस्तै, यस समुहका सदस्यहरूले यसको इलेक्ट्रोन कन्फिगरेसनमा ढाँचाहरू देखाउँछन्। बाहिरी अर्बिट इलेक्ट्रोन को संख्याले रासायनिक व्यवहार प्रवृतिहरू निम्त्याउँछ: {| class="wikitable" ![[परमाणु क्रमाङ्क|Z]] ! [[रसायनिक तत्व|तत्व]] ! इलेक्ट्रोन/ शेलको संख्या |- | २ | [[हिलियम|हेलियम]] | २ |- | १० | [[नियोन]] | २, ८ |- | १८ | [[आर्गन]] | २, ८, ८ |- | ३६ | [[क्रिप्टन]] | २, ८, १८, ८ |- | ५४ | जेनन | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 |- | ८६ | रेडन | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 |- | ११८ | oganesson | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (पूर्वानुमान गरिएको) |} नोबल ग्याँसको पूर्ण भ्यालेन्स इलेक्ट्रोन शेल हुन्छ। भ्यालेन्स इलेक्ट्रोनहरू परमाणुको सबैभन्दा बाहिरी [[इलेक्ट्रोन|इलेक्ट्रोनहरू]] हुन् र सामान्यतया रासायनिक प्रतिकृयामा भाग लिने इलेक्ट्रोनहरू मात्र हुन्। पूर्ण भ्यालेन्स इलेक्ट्रोन शेल भएका परमाणुहरू अत्यन्तै स्थिर हुन्छन् र त्यसैले रासायनिक प्रतिकृयामा सहभागी हुँदैन र [[आयन|इलेक्ट्रोनहरू प्राप्त गर्ने वा गुमाउने]] प्रवृत्ति निकै कम हुन्छ। <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ozima|2002|p=35}}</ref> यद्यपि, राडोन जस्ता भारी नोबल ग्याँसहरू हेलियम जस्ता हल्का नोबल ग्याँसहरू भन्दा इलेक्ट्रोम्याग्नेटिक बल कम हुन्छ, यसले भारी नोबल ग्याँसहरूमा बाहिरी इलेक्ट्रोन हटाउन सजिलो हुन्छ। == प्रयोगहरू == [[चित्र:Modern_3T_MRI.JPG|पाठ=A large solid cylinder with a hole in its center and a rail attached to its side.|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|तरल हेलियम आधुनिक एमआरआई स्क्यानरहरूमा सुपरकन्डक्टिङ चुम्बकहरूलाई चिसो बनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ]] नोबल ग्याँसको उम्लने र [[पग्लने बिन्दु]] धेरै कम हुन्छ, त्यसकारण तिनीहरू क्रायोजेनिक [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट|रेफ्रिजेरेन्टको]] रूपमा उपयोगी हुन्छन्।<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Neon}}</ref> विशेष गरी, तरल हीलियम, जुन {{Convert|4.2|K}} मा उम्लन्छ, सुपरकन्डक्टिङ चुम्बकहरूका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जुन आणविक चुम्बकीय अनुनाद इमेजिङ र आणविक चुम्बकीय अनुनादमा आवश्यक हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang, C. J. |last2=Zhou, X. T. |last3=Yang, L. |year=1992 |title=Demountable coaxial gas-cooled current leads for MRI superconducting magnets |journal=IEEE Transactions on Magnetics |publisher=[[IEEE]] |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=957–959 |bibcode=1992ITM....28..957Z |doi=10.1109/20.120038}}</ref> तरल नियोन पनि क्रायोजेनिक्समा प्रयोग हुन्छ, यद्यपि यो तरल हीलियम जत्तिकै कम तापक्रममा पुग्दैन, तैपनी यसमा ।तरल हीलियम भन्दा ४० गुणा बढी र तरल हाइड्रोजन भन्दा तीन गुणा बढी फ्रिज क्षमता हुन्छ।<ref name="ullmann">{{Cite book|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry}}</ref> निष्क्रिय ग्यासहरू (Noble gases) तिनको रासायनिक अक्रियता (केमिकल रियाक्टिभिटीको कमी) का कारण सामान्यतया प्रकाश व्यवस्था (lighting) मा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। आर्गन, नाइट्रोजनसँग मिसाएर, इनक्यान्डेसेन्ट लाइट बल्बहरूमा भर्ने ग्यास (filler gas) को रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="ullmann" /> क्रिप्टन उच्च क्षमता भएका बल्बहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसको कलर टेम्परेचर उच्च र कार्यक्षमता बढी हुन्छ, किनकि यसले आर्गनको तुलनामा फिलामेन्टको वाष्पीकरण दरलाई बढी घटाउँछ; विशेष गरी, ह्यालोजन ल्याम्पहरूमा थोरै मात्रामा आयोडिन वा ब्रोमिनका यौगिकहरूसँग मिसाइएको क्रिप्टन प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref name="ullmann" /> ग्यास-डिस्चार्ज ल्याम्पहरू (जस्तै "नियोन लाइट्स") भित्र प्रयोग गर्दा निष्क्रिय ग्यासहरू विशिष्ट रङ्गहरूमा बल्छन्। यी बत्तीहरूलाई नियोनको नामबाट बोलाइए तापनि प्रायः अन्य ग्यास र फोस्फोरसहरू समावेश हुन्छन्, जसले नियोनको सुन्तला-रातो रङ्गमा विभिन्न प्रकारका रङ्गका छायाहरू (hues) थप्छन्। जेनन (Xenon) सामान्यतया जेनन आर्क ल्याम्पहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसको दिउँसोको घामको प्रकाशसँग मिल्दोजुल्दो निरन्तर स्पेक्ट्रमका कारण फिल्म प्रोजेक्टरहरू र गाडीका हेडल्याम्पहरूमा प्रयोग हुन्छ।<ref name="ullmann" /> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{एलेमेन्ट}} {{ढाँचा:सानो पेरियोडिक तालिका}} 09dk3jg7ciaus3b92b9evibz1xbydkp 0 142248 1372843 1265674 2026-08-31T06:25:54Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''क्यालोरी मिटर''' (Calorimeter) एक वैज्ञानिक उपकरण हो, जसको प्रयोग उष्मा (ताप ऊर्जा) मापन गर्न गरिन्छ। सामान्यतया, यो उपकरण विभिन्न रासायनिक अभिक्रिया, भौतिक प्रक्रियाहरू, र पदार्थहरूको उष्मीय विशेषताहरू अध्ययन गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। क्यालोरी मिटरले प्राप्त गर्ने डेटा विभिन्न वैज्ञानिक र औद्योगिक अनुसन्धानका लागि महत्त्वपूर्ण हुन्छ। '''क्यालोरी मिटर''' भन्नाले यस्तो उपकरण हो, जसले एउटा प्रणालीबाट अर्को प्रणालीमा प्रवाहित हुने उष्माको मापन गर्दछ। यसलाई प्रायः [[थर्मोडायनामिक्स]] अध्ययन गर्न र ऊर्जा संरक्षणको सिद्धान्त प्रयोग गरेर विभिन्न उष्मीय प्रक्रियाहरूको विश्लेषण गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। === इतिहास === क्यालोरी मिटरको आविष्कार 18औं शताब्दीमा भएको मानिन्छ। '''''एंटोइन लाभुआजियर''''', जसलाई आधुनिक रसायनशास्त्रको पिता मानिन्छ, र '''पियरे-साइमन लाप्लास'''ले पहिलो पटक क्यालोरी मिटरको अवधारणा प्रस्तुत गरेका थिए। उनीहरूले ''बर्फ क्यालोरी मिटर''को प्रयोग गरेर विभिन्न रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियामा उत्पन्न हुने उष्मा मापन गरेका थिए। === प्रकारहरू === क्यालोरी मिटरका विभिन्न प्रकारहरू छन्, जसको प्रयोग अध्ययनको उद्देश्य र प्रक्रियाको आधारमा फरक हुन्छ। * '''बम क्यालोरी मिटर (Bomb Calorimeter):''' यो उच्च तापमान र दबाबमा हुने रासायनिक अभिक्रियाहरूको उष्मा मापन गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। * '''डिफरेन्सियल स्क्यानिङ क्यालोरी मिटर (Differential Scanning Calorimeter - DSC):''' यसले पदार्थहरूको तापीय विशेषता, जस्तै [[पग्लने बिन्दु]] र स्फटिकरण बिन्दु मापन गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। * '''कफ कप क्यालोरी मिटर (Coffee Cup Calorimeter):''' यो साधारण प्रयोगका लागि बनाइएको उपकरण हो, जसले सरल रासायनिक अभिक्रियाको उष्मा मापन गर्न मद्दत गर्छ। === कार्यसिद्धान्त === क्यालोरी मिटरको कार्यसिद्धान्त '''थर्मोडायनामिक्सको पहिलो नियम'''मा आधारित छ, जसलाई ऊर्जा संरक्षणको नियम पनि भनिन्छ। यो नियमअनुसार, कुनै बन्द प्रणालीभित्र उष्मा र ऊर्जा न त सिर्जना हुन्छ, न त नष्ट हुन्छ। उष्मा प्रवाहको मापन गरेर, क्यालोरी मिटरले प्रणालीमा भएको ऊर्जा परिवर्तन गणना गर्छ। === प्रयोग क्षेत्र === क्यालोरी मिटर विभिन्न क्षेत्रहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ: * '''रसायनशास्त्र:''' रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाबाट उत्पन्न हुने उष्मा मापन गर्न। * '''भौतिकशास्त्र:''' पदार्थहरूको तापीय गुण मापन गर्न। * '''खाद्य विज्ञान:''' [[खाद्य पदार्थहरूको क्यालोरी सामग्री]] पत्ता लगाउन। * '''औद्योगिक अनुसन्धान:''' ऊर्जा उत्पादन र खपतको विश्लेषण गर्न। === बम क्यालोरी मिटरको प्रक्रिया === '''बम क्यालोरी मिटर'''मा: 1. एक सानो नमूना क्यालोरी मिटरको बम (सिल गरिएको कक्ष)मा राखिन्छ। 2. नमूनालाई अक्सिजनको माध्यमबाट दहन गराइन्छ। 3. दहनबाट उत्पन्न हुने उष्मा पानीको तापक्रम परिवर्तनमा परिणत हुन्छ। 4. तापक्रम परिवर्तनको मापन गरेर, प्रणालीको कुल उष्मा गणना गरिन्छ। === लाभ र सीमा === '''लाभः''' * अत्यन्तै सटीक उष्मा मापन। * विभिन्न प्रकारका अध्ययनहरूमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिने। * ऊर्जा विश्लेषण गर्न उपयोगी। '''सीमाः''' * जटिल उपकरणहरू महँगो हुन्छन्। * प्रयोग गर्दा सावधानी अपनाउनुपर्छ, विशेष गरी बम क्यालोरी मिटरमा। * केही प्रक्रियाहरूमा पूर्ण उष्मा मापन गर्न कठिनाई। === आधुनिक प्रविधि === आजकाल, क्यालोरी मिटरहरूमा [[डिजिटल प्रविधि]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसले गर्दा मापन थप सटीक र छिटो हुन्छ। कम्प्युटर सफ्टवेयरको सहायताले क्यालोरी मिटरबाट प्राप्त तथ्यांकलाई तुरुन्तै विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ। === भविष्यको सम्भावना === क्यालोरी मिटरको प्रयोग भविष्यमा अझ व्यापक हुनेछ। विशेष गरी [[नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा]] र [[खाद्य प्रविधि]]को क्षेत्रमा यसको उपयोगिता बढ्ने अनुमान गरिएको छ। === निष्कर्ष === '''क्यालोरी मिटर''' वैज्ञानिक उपकरण मात्र नभई ऊर्जा अध्ययन र प्रविधिको विकासका लागि एक महत्त्वपूर्ण साधन हो। यसले विभिन्न रासायनिक, भौतिक, र औद्योगिक प्रक्रियाहरूको अध्ययनमा क्रान्तिकारी परिवर्तन ल्याएको छ। === तथ्याङ्क तालिका === {| class="wikitable" |- ! '''तथ्याङ्क''' !! '''विवरण''' |- | '''नाम''' || क्यालोरी मिटर |- | '''आविष्कारक''' || एंटोइन लाभुआजियर र पियरे-साइमन लाप्लास |- | '''प्रमुख प्रकार''' || बम क्यालोरी मिटर, डिफरेन्सियल स्क्यानिङ क्यालोरी मिटर, कफ कप क्यालोरी मिटर |- | '''कार्यसिद्धान्त''' || थर्मोडायनामिक्सको पहिलो नियम |- | '''प्रयोग क्षेत्र''' || रसायनशास्त्र, भौतिकशास्त्र, खाद्य विज्ञान, ऊर्जा अनुसन्धान |- | '''विशेषता''' || उष्मा मापन, ऊर्जा विश्लेषण |} 9a87wpj11bmh9rbtt5igx8fscufo95y 0 146597 1372801 1366725 2026-08-30T15:03:35Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा भ्रष्ट्राचार र सामाजिक सञ्जाल माथि लागेको प्रतिबन्धको विरोधमा भएको आन्दोलन}} {{Infobox civil conflict | title = नेपालको जेनजी आन्दोलन, २०८२ | subtitle = | partof = | image = {{photomontage | position = centre | size = 280 | color = #F5F5F5 | border = 0 | color_border = white | spacing = 3 | photo1a = 2025 Nepalese Gen Z protesters infront of Bharatpur mahanagarpalika office.jpg | photo2a = 2025 Nepalese Gen Z movement protesters with map of nepal.jpg | photo2b = GenZ protest against government in chitwan, 8 september 2025.jpg | photo3a = }} | caption = ''माथिबाट घडीको दिशामा:''<br>प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले सरकारी कार्यालयहरू जलाउँदै गरेको तस्वीर• विद्यार्थीहरूको प्रदर्शन • जलिरहेको सरकारी [[भरतपुर महानगरपालिका]]को कार्यालय अगाडि उत्सव मनाउँदै प्रदर्शनकारीहरू • नेपालको झन्डा देखाइरहेका प्रदर्शनकारीहरू | date = २३ भदौ २०८२ – २८ भदौ २०८२ | place = {{झन्डा चिह्न|नेपाल}} [[नेपाल]] | causes = {{blist|[[नेपालमा भ्रष्टाचार|भ्रष्टाचार]] र [[नातावाद]]|सामाजिक सञ्जालहरू माथिको प्रतिबन्ध}} | goals = {{blist|भ्रष्टाचार विरोध|सामाजिक सञ्जाल माथिको प्रतिबन्ध फुकुवा|सरकारको पतन}} | methods = {{blist|[[जुलूस]]|[[विद्यार्थी सक्रियता]]|[[विद्यार्थी सक्रियतावाद]]|[[शान्तिपूर्ण आन्दोलन]]|[[दङ्गा]]|[[आगजनी]]|[[लुटपाट]]}} | status = '''सफलतापूर्वक आन्दोलन सम्पन्न'''<br />{{blist| * [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]द्वारा राजीनामा<ref>{{Cite news |date=२४ भदौ २०८२|title=प्रधानमन्त्री ओलीले राष्ट्रपति समक्ष दिए राजीनामा |url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/cn0x89rq9wdo|access-date=2025-09-09 |website=[[बीबीसी नेपाली]]}}</ref> * [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलन केन्द्र, नेपाल|संसद भवन]], [[सिंहदरबार]] सहित धेरै सरकारी भवनहरू र राजनीतिक कार्यालयहरू<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/368876 |title=संसद भवनमा प्रदर्शनकारीले लगाए आगो (तस्बिरहरू) |publisher=[[बीबीसी नेपाली]] |date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref> र [[राष्ट्रपति भवन]]मा आगजनी<ref>{{Cite news |date=२८ भदौ २०८२ |title=आन्दोलनकारीले राष्ट्रपति भवनमा लगाए आगो |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/512295/protesters-set-fire-to-the-presidential-palace|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२ |work=रातोपाटी}}</ref> * सामाजिक सञ्जालहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध फुकुवा<ref>{{Cite news |date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |title=पछि हट्यो सरकार, सामाजिक सञ्जालमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध फुकुवा|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/politics/government-backs-down-lifts-ban-on-social-media-79-46.html |access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२ |work=नागरिक दैनिक}}</ref> *[[नेपाली सेना]]द्वारा [[त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] बन्द र नियन्त्रण * [[सुशीला कार्की]]लाई "अन्तरिम" [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]]को रूपमा नियुक्त * [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] विघटन * [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२|निर्वाचन]]पछि [[बालेन शाह]] प्रधानमन्त्रीमा नियुक्त }} | result = | fatalities = ७६ जनको मृत्यु<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/177665/2025-09-13|title=जेन–जी आन्दोलनमा मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या ५१ पुग्यो, १२ शव आफन्तले बुझे|work=नयाँ पत्रिका दैनिक|date=२८ भदौ २०८२}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913015443/http://www.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/177665/2025-09-13 |date=2025-09-13 }}</ref><br />{{blist|६३ जना प्रदर्शनकारीहरू|१० जना कैदीहरू |३ जना प्रहरी अधिकारीहरू}} | injuries = २,११३<ref>{{Cite web |date=२५ भदौ २०८२ |title=जेनजी आन्दोलनका क्रममा हालसम्म ३० जनाको मृत्यु, एक हजार भन्दा बढी घाइते |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/512516/30-people-dead-and-over-1000-injured-in-hospitals-across-the-country|website=रातोपाटी}}</ref><br />{{efn|देशभरका २८ भन्दा बढी अस्पतालहरूमा बिरामीहरूको उपचार गरिएको थियो।}} | side1 = {{flagicon|नेपाल}} '''प्रदर्शनकारीहरू'''<br /> * हामी नेपाल | side2 = {{झन्डा चिह्न|नेपाल}} '''[[नेपाल सरकार]]''' * [[नेपाल प्रहरी]] * [[नेपाल सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल]] * [[नेपाली सेना]] * {{flagicon image|Nepali_Congress_flag.svg|size=25px}} [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of the CPN-UML (2021-).svg|size=25px}} [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] | leadfigures1 = ''विकेन्द्रीकृत नेतृत्व'' | leadfigures2 = {{ubl| * {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] * {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]] * {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[मानवीर राई]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chief of Army Staff of Nepali Army.svg}} [[अशोकराज सिग्देल]] * चन्द्रकुवेर खापुङ * राजु अर्याल }} }} '''नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन''' नेपालमा सामाजिक सञ्जाल प्रतिबन्ध तथा भ्रष्टाचार (विशेषगरी '''नातावाद''' र कर राजस्व जस्ता '''राष्ट्रिय कोषको दुरुपयोग''') विरोधको पृष्ठभूमिमा वि.सं २०८२ भदौ २३ का दिनबाट देशव्यापी रूपमा सुरु भएको [[नेपाल सरकार]] विरुद्धको प्रदर्शनी र झडपहरूको शृङ्खलाबद्ध घटनाहरू थिए जसमा [[जेन जी]] पुस्ताका नेपाली नागरिकहरूको प्रमुख भूमिका रहेको थियो। सत्ता पक्ष तथा सत्तामा रहँदा सरकारका प्रतिनिधिहरूद्वारा गरिएका शृङ्खलाबद्ध भ्रष्टाचारको विरोध र सरकारको नयाँ नियम अन्तरगत दर्ता हुन नआएका [[फेसबुक]], [[इन्स्टाग्राम]], [[ह्वाट्सएप]], [[ट्विटर|एक्स]] (ट्विटर), [[युट्युब]] सहित २६ प्रमुख सामाजिक सञ्जालहरू माथि सरकारले प्रतिबन्ध लगाएपछि यो आन्दोलन देशव्यापी रूपमा सुरु भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=यस्ता छन् सामाजिक सञ्जाल बन्द गर्ने सरकारी निर्णयका पृष्ठभूमि र असर |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1756730/these-are-the-background-and-implications-of-the-governments-decision-to-shut-down-social-media |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली}}</ref> २९ भदौ २०८२ सम्म, विरोध प्रदर्शनमा मृत्यु हुनेको कुल सङ्ख्या ७२ पुगेको थियो, जसमा ५९ प्रदर्शनकारी, १० कैदीबन्दी, ३ प्रहरी अधिकारी थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जेनजी आन्दोलनमा मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या ७२ पुग्यो |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1764200/death-toll-in-genji-protests-reaches-72|access-date=२७ भदौ २०८२ |work=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> सरकारले शाहदत प्राप्त गरेकाहरूलाई सहिद घोषणा गर्दै प्रत्येकका परिवारलाई १० लाख रुपैयाँको दरले राहत दिने घोषणा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जेनजी आन्दोलनमा मृत्यु भएकालाई सहिद घोषणा, प्रत्येकका परिवारलाई १० लाख राहत|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1764191/those-who-died-in-the-genji-movement-were-declared-martyrs-each-family-will-receive-1-million-rupees-in-relief|access-date=२७ भदौ २०८२ |work=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> यो मुख्यतः [[नेपाल सरकार]]ले १२ भदौ २०८२ सम्ममा नेपालमा दर्ता हुन नआएका सामानजिक सन्जाल बन्द गर्ने घटनासँग सम्बन्धित विषय हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=यस्ता छन् सामाजिक सञ्जाल बन्द गर्ने सरकारी निर्णयका पृष्ठभूमि र असर |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1756730/these-are-the-background-and-implications-of-the-governments-decision-to-shut-down-social-media |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली}}</ref> मन्त्रिपरिषद्को ९ भदौको निर्णय<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mocit.gov.np/content/13085/development-of-the-cabinet-meeting-on-september/ |title=https://mocit.gov.np/content/13085/development-of-the-cabinet-meeting-on-september/ |last= |first= |date=2025-08-28 |website=https://mocit.gov.np/ |publisher=https://mocit.gov.np/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |quote= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915125517/https://mocit.gov.np/content/13085/development-of-the-cabinet-meeting-on-september/ |date=2025-09-15 }}</ref>, "एक साता भित्र [[सञ्चार तथा सूचना प्रविधि मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|सूचना तथा सञ्चार मन्त्रालय]]मा दर्ता गर्ने आह्वान गरिने र त्यसपछि दर्ता नगरेको सामाजिक सञ्जाल निष्क्रिय गरिने" रहेको थियो जसपश्चात् क्रमशः २६ सामाजिक सन्जालहरू निष्क्रिय पार्दै लगिएका थिए। यस सम्बन्धी कुनै पनि कानुनी व्यवस्था नरहेको र अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रता माथि असर पुग्ने सरोकारवालाहरूको धारणा रहेको थियो। नतिजा स्वरुप २३ भदौ २०८२, सोमबारमा, [[जेन जी]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जाल माथिको प्रतिबन्धको लागि मात्र विरोध नभइ समग्र भ्रष्टाचारको विरोधमा रहेको जनाउँदै देशका विभिन्न शहरहरूमा दिनभर प्रदर्शन गरिरहे।<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date= |title=जेनजी प्रदर्शन : चोकचोकमा सुरक्षाकर्मीको बाक्लो उपस्थिति |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1758878/genji-demonstration-heavy-presence-of-security-personnel-at-intersections |accessdate=२३ भदौ २०८१ |work=अनलाइन खबर |publisher= |language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author= |date= |title=बुटवलमा पनि जेनजीको प्रदर्शन- ‘मलाई बोल्न दे सरकार’ (तस्वीरहरू) |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1758848/genjis-demonstration-in-butwal-too-let-me-speak-government |accessdate=२३ भदौ २०८१ |work= |publisher= |language=नेपाली}}</ref> सोही दिन नेपालका प्रमुख सहरहरूमा प्रदर्शन भए भने राजधानी [[काठमाडौँ]]मा हिंसात्मक आन्दोलन भएको थियो। आन्दोलनका क्रममा देशभर १९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको र ३४७ भन्दा बढी घाइते भएका समाचारहरू प्राप्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date= |title=जेन-जी प्रदर्शन : १४ को मृत्यु, २ सयभन्दा बढी घाइते |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2025/09/08/gen-ji-demonstration-14-dead-over-200-injured-34-28.html |accessdate=२३ भदौ २०८१ |work=कान्तिपुर |publisher= |language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author= |date= |title=ट्रमा सेन्टरमा थप एक जनाको मृत्यु, मृतकको सङ्ख्या १५ पुग्यो |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1759461/one-more-person-dies-at-trauma-center-death-toll-reaches-15 |accessdate=२३ भदौ २०८१ |work= |publisher=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=जेनजी प्रदर्शन : देशभर १९ जनाको मृत्यु, ३४७ घाइते |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1759720/genji-protests-19-people-killed-347-injured-across-the-country-update |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Online Khabar |language=en}}</ref> आन्दोलनको दोस्रो दिन, २४ भदौ २०८२, मङ्गलबार थप विरोध प्रदर्शनी कायम रही मुख्य सरकारी सरकारी भवन र कार्यालयहरूमा तोडफोड र आगजनी भएका थिए। == पृष्ठभूमि == नेपाल सरकारले "विद्युतीय कारोबार ऐन, २०६३" को दफा ७९ अनुसार ११ मङ्सिर २०८० सालमा "सामाजिक सञ्जालको प्रयोगलाई व्यवस्थित गर्ने निर्देशिका" जारी गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=विद्युतीय (इलेक्ट्रोनिक) कारोबार ऐन, २०६३ {{!}} Nepal Law Commission |url=https://lawcommission.gov.np/content/13397/electronic--electronic--traded-international-act--2063/ |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=lawcommission.gov.np |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=सामाजिक सञ्जालको प्रयोगलाई व्यवस्थित गर्ने निर्देशिका, २०८० {{!}} Ministry of Communication and Information Technology |url=https://mocit.gov.np/content/8361/8361-directives-for-managing-the-us/ |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=mocit.gov.np |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> यस निर्देशिकअनुसार, नेपालमा सञ्चालन हुने सबै सामाजिक सञ्जालहरू अनिवार्य रूपमा दर्ता (सूचीकरण) गर्नुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरिएको थियो। साथै, सामाजिक सञ्जालमा प्रयोगकर्ताले गरेको अभिव्यक्तिका आधारमा फौजदारी अभियोगमा कारबाही गर्न सकिने प्रावधान पनि समावेश गरिएको थियो। यसरी निर्देशिकाले सामाजिक सञ्जालको प्रयोगलाई नियमन र व्यवस्थापन गर्ने उद्देश्य राखेको थियो। १२ चैत २०८१ मा नेपाल सरकारले सूचना जारी गर्दै, सबै [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल]]हरूलाई सञ्चार मन्त्रालयमा सूचीकृत (दर्ता) हुन निर्देशन दिएको थियो। सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि मन्त्रालयले यदि यी सामाजिक सञ्जालहरूले निर्देशिका पालना गरेनन् भने उनीहरूलाई नेपालमा सञ्चालनमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाइने स्पष्ट चेतावनी पनि दिएको थियो। २० भदौ २०८२ मा, नेपाल सरकारले [[नेपाल दूरसञ्चार प्राधिकरण]]लाई दर्ता हुन नआएका सामाजिक सञ्जाल बन्द गर्न पत्र लेखेपछि निर्देशनको पालना गर्दै प्राधिकरणले २६ वटा सामाजिक सञ्जाल बन्द गर्ने सूची प्रकाशित गरेको थियो। सूचीमा समावेश सञ्जालहरूमा; फेसबुक, [[फेसबुक मेसेन्जर|मेसेन्जर]], [[इन्स्टाग्राम]], [[युट्युब]], [[ह्वाट्सएप]], [[ट्विटर|एक्स]], [[लिङ्क्डइन]], [[स्न्यापच्याट]], [[रेडिट]], [[डिस्कर्ड|डिस्कोर्ड]], [[पिनट्रेस्ट|पिनटेरेस्ट]], [[सिग्नल]], [[थ्रेड्स]], [[विच्याट]], [[कुओरा]], [[टम्ब्लर]], [[क्लबहाउस (अनुप्रयोग)|क्लबहाउस]], मास्टोडन, रम्बल, [[भिके (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)|भिके]], लाइन, [[इमो]], झालो, सोल र [[हाम्रो पात्रो]] रहेका थिएँ। === विगतका घटना === कात्तिक २०८०, मा सरकारले सामाजिक सद्भावमा प्रतिकुल असर पारेको कारण देखाउँदै [[टिकटक]]माथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो। तर, पछि यसको मातृ कम्पनी [[बाइटडान्स]]ले नेपाल सरकारका नियम तथा प्रक्रिया पालना गर्ने वाचा गरेपछि साउन २०८१, मा प्रतिबन्ध हटाइएको थियो। त्यसैगरी असार २०८१, मा [[टेलिग्राम (सफ्टवेयर)|टेलिग्राम]]माथि पनि कारबाही गरिएको थियो। यसलाई विभिन्न किसिमका ठगी गतिविधि र अवैध पैसाको कारोबार ([[सम्पति शुद्धीकरण]]) मा प्रयोग भएको आरोप लगाइएको थियो। तर, वर्तमान टेलिग्रामले नेपालमा आधिकारिक रूपमा सूचीकृत हुने प्रक्रिया अघि बढाएको बताइएको छ। === सर्वोच्च न्यायालयको परमादेश === २२ भदौ २०८२ मा, [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमा लगाइएको रोक विरुद्धको रिट दर्ता गर्न अस्वीकार गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=सामाजिक सञ्जालमा लगाइएको रोकविरुद्धको रिट सर्वोच्चद्वारा दर्ता गर्न अस्वीकार |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2025/09/07/supreme-court-refuses-to-register-writ-against-ban-on-social-media-51-52.html|access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === ‘नेपोबेबिज’ अभियान === इन्डोनेसियाबाट सुरु भएको भ्रष्टाचार र शक्ति दुरुपयोग विरुद्धको ‘नेपो बेबी’ अभियान जस्तै यस अभियान विशेषगरी राजनीतिक, संवैधानिक, र कार्यकारी पदमा रहेका व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्ना परिवारका सदस्य वा नातेदारलाई अनुचित लाभ पुर्‍याएर उनीहरूको जीवनमा अवसर प्रदान गर्ने प्रवृत्तिलाई लक्षित गरेको छ। युवाहरूले सामाजिक सञ्जालमा राजनीतिज्ञहरूको छोरा छोरी र उनीहरूको विलासी जीवनशैली देखि रहनसहन सम्मका तस्वीरहरू साझा गर्दै आक्रोश पोखेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title= नेपालमा ‘नेपो बेबी’ अभियान: भ्रष्टाचार र शक्ति दुरुपयोगविरुद्धको नयाँ पहल |url=https://biznesspress.com/news-details/834779 |access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |website=बिजनेस प्रेस|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == आन्दोलन == === २३ भदौ २०८२ === २३ भदौ २०८२ मा, काठमाडौँमा, विशेष गरी [[माइतीघर मण्डल|माइतीघर मण्डला]] र [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलन केन्द्र, नेपाल|सङ्घीय संसद भवन]], नयाँ बानेश्वर वरपर ठुला जमघटहरू भएका थिएँ जहाँ दशौँ हजार सहभागीहरू थिएँ। विरोध प्रदर्शनको कुनै औपचारिक नेतृत्व थिएँन, भ्रष्टाचार र सामाजिक सञ्जालमा प्रतिबन्धको विरोध गर्ने व्यक्तिहरू स्वेच्छाले यसमा सामेल भएका थिएँ। प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले नेपालको सङ्घीय संसदमा प्रवेश गर्ने प्रयास गर्दा प्रदर्शनहरू बढेको थियो जसको जवाफमा सुरक्षा बलहरूले अश्रुग्यास, पानीको फोहरा, रबरको गोली र गोली प्रहार गरेका थिएँ। प्रहरीले अश्रुग्याससहित गोली प्रहार गरेपछि स्थिति हिंसात्मक बनेको थियो। दिउँसो १:३० सम्ममा कम्तीमा एक प्रदर्शनकारी गोली लागेर गम्भीर घाइते भएका थिएँ र वरिपरि रगताम्य दृश्य देखिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=अनि जेनजीको आन्दोलन रक्तपातपूर्ण बन्यो|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1759862/and-genji-movement-turned-bloody |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> देशभरी नै विरोधका कार्यक्रम शान्त रुपमा गरिने भनिए पनि अवस्था तनावग्रस्त र रक्तपूर्ण बन्न पुग्यो। काठमाडौँ जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालयले नयाँ बानेश्वर क्षेत्रमा सोमबार दिउँसो १२:३० बजेबाट राति १० बजे सम्म कर्फ्यु लागु गरेको थियो। यो कदम संसद् भवनमा केही प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले प्रहरीको अवरोध तोडेर प्रवेश गरेपछि उठाइएको थियो। कर्फ्यु पछि अन्य क्षेत्रहरूमा पनि फैलाइयो, जसमा राष्ट्रपति भवन (शीतल निवास) र उपराष्ट्रपति निवास, लैनचौर समावेश थिएँ। प्रहरीले प्रदर्शनकारीमाथि अश्रुग्यास, पानीको तोप र गोलीको प्रयोग गरेका थिएँ, जबकि प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले रुखका डाँठ र पानीका बोतलहरू प्रयोग गरेर प्रतिरोध गरेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shamim |first=Sarah |title=Nepal Gen Z protests amid social media ban, clashes kill 19: All to know |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/8/six-killed-in-nepal-amid-gen-z-protests-after-social-media-ban-all-to-know |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> सोही दिन, सरकारले सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवाहरू माथिको प्रतिबन्ध हटाएको ‍थियो र गृहमन्त्री [[रमेश लेखक]]ले राजीनामा दिएका थिएँ। काठमाडौँ, वीरगन्ज, भैरहवा, बुटवल, पोखरा, इटहरी र दमक लगायत धेरै प्रमुख सहरहरूमा कर्फ्यु लगाइएको थियो। सुनसरीको [[इटहरी उपमहानगरपालिका|इटहरी]]मा प्रहरीको गोली लागेर २ जना र झापाको [[दमक नगरपालिका|दमक]]मा १ जनाको मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जेन–जी प्रदर्शन : प्रधानमन्त्रीको गृहक्षेत्र दमकमा गोली चल्यो |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2025/09/08/gen-g-demonstration-shots-were-fired-at-the-prime-ministers-residence-27-13.html |access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> यस्तै चितवनको [[भरतपुर महानगरपालिका|भरतपुर]] महानगरपालिकाको गेट अगाडि झडप भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जेनजीको प्रदर्शन: भरतपुर महानगरपालिकामा तोडफोड |url=https://www.clickkhabar.com/2025/09/45518/ |access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |website=क्लिक खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> भिडन्तका कारण कम्तिमा १९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको थियो भने ४२२ जना घाइते भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जेनजी प्रदर्शनमा १९ जनाको मृत्यु, ४२२ घाइते |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1759720/genji-protests-19-people-killed-347-injured-across-the-country-update|access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === २४ भदौ २०८२ === {{ मुख्य|नेपालको संसद भवनमा आक्रमण, २०८२}} प्रधानमन्त्री [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले पनि पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए र सेनाले उनलाई बालुवाटारबाट हेटौडाको सुपारीटार ब्यारेकमा लगेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=२४ भदौपछि राष्ट्रपति नारायणहिटीमा थिए, ओली सुपारीटारमा |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2025/10/18/after-bhadra-24-the-president-was-in-narayanhiti-oli-in-suparitar-32-15.html |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> यसको बावजुद, देशभर विरोध प्रदर्शन जारी रहेको थियो। प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले धेरै सरकारी भवनहरूमा आगजनी गरेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760885/fire-breaks-out-at-singha-durbar-photos|language=नेपाली}}</ref> नेपालको प्रशासनिक मुख्यालय [[सिंहदरबार]],<ref>{{Cite web| title = सर्वोच्च न्यायालयमा आगजनी, दनदनी बलिरहेको छ मुद्दाका महत्वपूर्ण कागजात| work = अलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760961/arson-at-supreme-court-important-documents-of-the-case-are-burning|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|नेपालको सर्वोच्च न्यायालय]], शीतल निवासमा रहेको राष्ट्रपतिको निवास र बालुवाटारमा रहेको प्रधानमन्त्रीको निवासमा पनि आगजनी भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = राष्ट्रपति भवन पनि आगो लगाए प्रदर्शनकारीले :: सेतोपाटी संवाददाता |work=Setopati| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368886}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = प्रधानमन्त्री निवास बालुवाटारमा पनि आगजनी (तस्बिरहरू)| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512304/arson-also-set-at-prime-ministers-residence-in-baluwatar-photos|language=नेपाली}}</ref> २४ भदौ २०८२ मा, हिंसात्मक कार्यहरूले [[काठमाडौँ]]का साथै देशका धेरै प्रमुख सहर तथा स्थानहरूलाई लक्षित गरेका थिएँ। संसद भवन, विभिन्न जिल्लाका सरकारी कार्यालय सहित मन्त्री र सांसदहरूको घरहरूमा पनि प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले आगजनी गरेका थिएँ। [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एमाले)]] र [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]को केन्द्रीय कार्यालयमा पनि तोडफोड गरिनुका साथै पार्टीको झन्डा उतारिएको थियो र जलाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-09 |title=Houses of Nepal PM Oli, other top leaders torched as unrest escalates |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/09/09/houses-of-nepal-pm-oli-other-top-leaders-torched-as-unrest-escalates/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=The Shillong Times |language=en}}</ref> आगजनी र विनाशका बढ्दो घटनाहरूलाई नियन्त्रण गर्ने प्रयास गर्दै, नेपाली सेना सहित सुरक्षा बलले प्रभावित क्षेत्रहरूबाट राजनीतिज्ञहरूलाई सुरक्षित स्थानहरू तर्फ सारेका थिएँ। [[चित्र:Office of government attorney after Gen Z protest in nepal.jpeg|अङ्गुठाकार|प्रदर्शन पश्चातको सरकारी वकिलको कार्यालय]] कृषिमन्त्री रामनाथ अधिकारी र स्वास्थ्यमन्त्री [[प्रदिप पौडेल|प्रदीप पौडेल]] सहित [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का २१ सांसदहरूले राजीनामा दिएका थिएँ र [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का सबै सङ्घ र प्रदेश सांसदहरूले सामुहिक राजीनामा दिएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = राप्रपाका सङ्घ र प्रदेशका सबै सांसदले दिए राजीनामा |work=सेतोपाटी| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760692/all-rpp-federal-and-provincial-mps-have-resigned|language=नेपाली}}</ref> राजनीतिक नेताहरूलाई भाग्नबाट रोक्न प्रदर्शनकारीहरू त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल छिर्ने प्रयास गरेका थिएँ तर लगत्तै विमानस्थल बन्द गरिएको थियो र यसलाई [[नेपाली सेना]]ले नियन्त्रण गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = विमानस्थलको गेटमा पुगे जेनजी, ठुलो सङ्ख्या सेना परिचालन| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760962/genji-arrives-at-airport-gate-large-number-of-troops-mobilized}}</ref> निर्धारित अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उडानहरू पोखरा डाइभर्ट वा रद्द गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = चीनबाट काठमाडौँ उडेको हिमालयन एयरलाइन्स प्रदर्शनका कारण पोखरा डाइभर्ट :: सेतोपाटी संवाददाता |work=सेतोपाटी| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368895|language=नेपाली}}</ref> धेरै राजनीतिक नेताहरूमाथि आक्रमण भएका थिएँ। पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] र उनकी श्रीमती [[आरजुराणा देउवा|आरजु राणा देउवा]]लाई बुढानीलकण्ठ स्थित निवासमै गएर आक्रमण गरिएको थियो जसबाट उनीहरू घाइते भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = देउवा दम्पतीलाई कुटपिट र लछारपछार गरेर सुरक्षाकर्मीको जिम्मा लगाए प्रदर्शनकारीले| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368885/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पछि प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले उनीहरूलाई प्रहरीको जिम्मा लगाएका थिएँ। उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[प्रकाशमान सिंह]]को घर र गाडीमा आगो लगाइएको थियो<ref>{{Cite web| title = उपप्रधानमन्त्री सिंहको ठमेलस्थित घर र गाडी जलेर ध्वस्त| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760850/deputy-prime-minister-singhs-house-and-car-in-thamel-destroyed-by-fire|language=नेपाली}}</ref> र त्यसपछि काठमाडौँको भङ्गालमा रहेको पूर्व राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]]को घरमा पनि आगो लगाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = जेनजी प्रदर्शनकारीले जलाए पूर्वराष्ट्रपति भण्डारीको घर| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date =२४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760842/genji-protesters-burn-down-former-president-bhandaris-house|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पूर्वप्रधानमन्त्री [[झलनाथ खनाल]]को निवासमा पनि आक्रमण गरी आगो लगाइएको थियो जसबाट उनकी श्रीमती रविलक्ष्मी चित्रकारको मृत्यु भएको हल्ला चलेको भए पनि जालेर सक्त घाईते भएकि थिईन्।[[रुपन्देही जिल्ला|रूपन्देही जिल्ला]]मा, बालकृष्ण खाँड, भोजप्रसाद श्रेष्ठ र स्थानीय मेयरहरूको घरमा आगो लगाइएको थियो<ref>{{Cite web| title = रूपन्देहीमा भएको प्रदर्शनमा दर्जनौं स्थानमा आगजनी र तोडफोड| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368894/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> भने यता [[चितवन जिल्ला]]को [[भरतपुर महानगरपालिका]]को कार्यालयमा पनि आगजनी तथा तोडफोड भएको थियो र [[शिवनगर, चितवन|शिवनगर]] स्थित पूर्वप्रधानमन्त्री प्रचण्डको घरमा आगो लगाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = चितवनस्थित प्रचण्डको घरमा प्रदर्शनकारीको आगजनी| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1761036/protesters-set-fire-to-prachandas-house-in-chitwan|language=नेपाली}}</ref> कैलाली जिल्लाको कारागारमा प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ परिणाम स्वरुप सबै कैदीहरू त्यहाँबाट भागेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = कैलाली कारागारका सबै कैदीबन्दी निस्किए| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760861/all-prisoners-from-kailali-prison-released|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[रवि लामिछाने]]लाई काठमाडौँको नख्खु जेलबाट रिहा गरेसँगै कारागारमा आगजनी भएको थियो र सबै कैदीहरू भागेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = नख्खु जेलमा आगलागि, भागे कैदी| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368902/|language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = रविलाई नख्खु जेलबाट निकाले प्रदर्शनकारीले| work = Setopati| access-date = 2025-09-09| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368877/}}</ref> अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगको कार्यालय सहित प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले आगो लगाइदिएपछि सडक विभागको भवनमा गम्भीर क्षति पुगेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = सडक विभागमा पनि प्रदर्शनकारीले लगाए आगो| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1761002/protesters-also-set-fire-to-the-road-department|language=नेपाली}}</ref> कास्की कारागारमा पनि आगलागि भएको थियो जसको कारण ७७३ कैदीहरू भाग्न सफल भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = कास्की कारागारबाट आन्दोलनकारीले निकाले ७७३ कैदीबन्दी| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/368908/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> हेटौँडामा, धेरै सरकारी कार्यालयहरूमा तोडफोड र आगजनी गरिएको थियो। [[कर्णाली प्रदेश]] र [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]]मा, संसद भवन र मुख्यमन्त्रीको निवासमा आगजनी गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = कर्णालीका मुख्यमन्त्री कँडेलको सरकारी र निजी निवासमा आगजनी र तोडफोड| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512306/arson-and-vandalism-at-both-government-and-private-residences-of-karnali-chief-minister-kandel|work=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = जेनजीले लगाए कर्णाली प्रदेशसभा भवनमा आगो| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512307/genji-sets-fire-to-karnali-provincial-assembly|work=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = जेन - जी प्रदर्शनकारीले सुदुरपश्चिम मुख्यमन्त्रीको कार्यालय नियन्त्रण गरे | work = गोदावरी न्युज| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.godawarinews.com/detail/33953|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[कोशी प्रदेश]]को राजधानी विराटनगरमा, जिल्ला कार्यालय र जिल्ला न्यायालयमा पनि आगजनी गरिएको थियो, त्यसपछि मुख्यमन्त्री र मन्त्रिपरिषद् मन्त्रीहरूको निवासमा आगजनी गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = कोशी प्रदेशको राजधानी विराटनगरमा मङ्गलबार दिनभर के–के भयो ?| access-date = 2025-09-09| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512331/what-happened-throughout-the-day-on-tuesday-in-biratnagar-the-capital-of-koshi-province}}</ref> धेरै प्रदर्शनकारीहरू घाइते भएका थिएँ। शिक्षण अस्पतालमा तेत्तीस जनाको उपचार गरिएको थियो<ref>{{Cite web| title = मङ्गलबारको प्रदर्शनका ३३ घाइते त्रिवि शिक्षण अस्पतालमा भर्ना| work = अनलाइन खबर| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1760917/33-injured-in-tuesdays-protest-admitted-to-tribhuvan-university-teaching-hospital}}</ref> भने [[कोटेश्वर]]मा तीन प्रहरीको मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = प्रदर्शनकारीको आक्रमणबाट कोटेश्वरमा ३ जना प्रहरीको मृत्यु| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512314/3-policemen-killed-in-koteshwor-attack-by-protesters|language=नेपाली}}</ref> नेपाल र बङ्गलादेश बीचको मैत्रीपूर्ण फुटबल खेल पनि रद्द गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-anfa.com/news-detail/2418|title=ANFA &#124; Nepal’s second friendly against Bangladesh called off|website=ANFA|language=नेपाली}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> सोही दिन साँझ, प्रधान सेनापति, [[अशोकराज सिग्देल]]ले आन्दोलनरत समूहलाई वार्ताका लागि आह्वान गरेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = प्रधानसेनापतिद्वारा आन्दोलनरत समूहलाई वार्ताका लागि आह्वान| access-date = २४ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512336/army-chief-calls-for-talks-with-protesting-groups|language=नेपाली|work=अनलाइन खबर}}</ref> === २५ भदौ २०८२ === बिहान सबेरै, नेपाली सेनाका बलहरू संवेदनशील क्षेत्रहरूमा गस्ती गरिरहेका देखिएका थिएँ। प्रधान सेनापति सिग्देलले सरकारले शान्ति पुनर्स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गर्दा प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई शान्तिपूर्ण रहन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। २४ देखि २५ गते सम्म सेनाले लुटपाट, आगजनी र अन्य "विनाशकारी र अराजक गतिविधिहरू" र हतियार जफत गरेको आरोपमा २७ जनालाई पक्राउ गरेको थियो र उनीहरूको साथबाट ३३ लाख ७० हजार नगद बरामद गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|author=|title=लुटपाटमा संलग्न २७ जना पक्राउ, ३३ लाख ७० हजार नगद बरामद, हतियार पनि नियन्त्रणमा |work=नागरिक दैनिक|access-date=२५ भदौ २०८२|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/politics/27-people-arrested-in-connection-with-robbery-rs-3-37-million-cash-seized-weapons-also-seized-62-58.html|language=नेपाली}}</ref> केही ठाउँहरूमा, प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले रातभर सरकारी भवनहरू र राजनीतिज्ञहरूको घरहरूमा छापा मार्ने क्रम जारी राखेका थिएँ। प्रदर्शनकारीहरूको समूहले अघिल्लो दिन आगो लगाइएको [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलन केन्द्र, नेपाल|संसद भवन]] नजिकैको सडक सफा गर्न थालेका थिएँ।<ref name="auto">{{Cite web| title = पोखरामा जेनजी प्रदर्शनका क्रममा आगजनी हुँदा २ जनाको मृत्यु| access-date = २५ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.ratopati.com/story/512447/2-killed-in-arson-attack-during-genji-protest-in-pokhara|work=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> प्रदर्शनकारीहरूले अन्तरिम नेता चयन गर्न अनलाइन छलफल गरेका थिएँ। लगभग राति १०:०० बजे (नेपाली समय)मा, समूहले सामाजिक सञ्जाल [[डिस्कर्ड]]मा मतदान गरेर [[सुशीला कार्की]]लाई छनोट गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web| title = अन्तरिम सरकारको नेतृत्वमा जेन–जी युवाहरूले प्रस्ताव गरे सुशीला कार्कीको नाम| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २५ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/social/369002/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[बालेन शाह]] र [[कुलमान घिसिङ]] अन्य उम्मेदवारहरू थिएँ। बालेनले फोन नउठाएको बताइएको थियो। [[दुर्गा प्रसाई]]ले सेना प्रमुखसँग छुट्टाछुट्टै भेटवार्ता गरेका थिएँ तर कुनै ठोस निष्कर्ष भने निस्किएको थिएँन।<ref>{{Cite web| title = प्रधानसेनापतिसँग छलफलपछि दुर्गा प्रसाईंले लेखे यस्तो स्ट्याटस| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २५ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/politics/369007/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> कार्कीले प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा भूमिका स्वीकार गर्न आफ्नो इच्छुकता पुष्टि गरेकी थिइन्। [[पोखरा महानगरपालिका|पोखरा]]मा, नयाँबजार र लेकसाइडमा जलेको घर भित्र दुई शव फेला परेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web|author=कृष्णमणि बराल|title=पोखराको लेकसाइड र नयाँ बजारमा प्रदर्शनकारीले जलाएका घरमा भेटियो युवतीहरूको शव |work=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|access-date=२५ भदौ २०८२|url=https://www.annapurnapost.com/story/485820/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> प्रहरीले २५ भदौ सम्ममा देशभरका कारागारहरूबाट १३,५०० भन्दा बढी कैदीहरू भागेको बताएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|author=|title=देशभरका कारागारबाट १३ हजारभन्दा बढी कैदीबन्दी फरार, सुरक्षा चुनौती उच्च |work=नवलपुर टाइम्स|access-date=२५ भदौ २०८२|url=https://nawalpurtimes.com/more-than-13k-prisoners-escaped-from-prison-from-all-over-the-nation/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> सैनिकहरूले ती कैदीहरूमध्ये ३०३ जनालाई पक्राउ गरेर प्रहरीलाई बुझाएका थिएँ। ७३ राइफलहरू पनि फिर्ता गरिएको थियो। धादिङ जिल्ला कारागार तोडेर भाग्न खोजेका २ कैदीबन्दीको गोली लागेर मृत्यु भएको थियो भने सात जना घाइते भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web| title = धादिङ कारागारबाट कैदी भाग्न खोजेपछि सेनाले चलायो गोली, २ जनाको मृत्यु| work = सेतोपाटी| access-date = २५ भदौ २०८२| url = https://www.setopati.com/social/369003/|language=नेपाली}}</ref> सैनिकहरूले काठमाडौँको केन्द्रीय कारागारमा जेल तोड्ने प्रयासलाई पनि विफल पारेका थिएँ। [[त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]को बन्द बिहान ‍सम्म विस्तार गरिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः सञ्चालन पुनः सुरु गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=त्रिभुवन विमानस्थल खुलेपछि विदेशबाट फर्कन थाले नेपाली |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2025/09/12/202509121757663124.html|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२|website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === २६ भदौ २०८२ === बिहान राष्ट्रपति [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]], प्रधान सेनापति [[अशोकराज सिग्देल]] र [[जेन जी]]का प्रतिनिधिहरू सहभागी भएको बैठक बसेको थियो। अन्तरिम नेता चयन गर्ने प्रयासको रूपमा भद्रकाली स्थित जङ्गी अड्डामा बैठक भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जंगीअड्डामा अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको प्रस्ताव लैजानेको भीड, सेना- नेतृत्व चयन गरेर आउनू |url=https://thahakhabar.com/news/235226/|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२|website=थाह खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> स्रोतका अनुसार [[जेन जी]] समूहले [[सुशीला कार्की]]लाई अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा प्रचार गर्ने प्रयास गरिरहेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title='जेन जी' को आन्दोलनपछि देशलाई अघि बढाउने अन्तरिम सरकारको नेतृत्व गर्ने जिम्मा लिन तयार सुशीला कार्की को हुन्? |url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c04qzpl16eeo|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२|website=[[बीबीसी नेपाली]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> विचाराधीन अन्य नामहरूमा [[बालेन शाह]], [[कुलमान घिसिङ]] र [[धरान उपमहानगरपालिका|धरान]]का नगरप्रमुख [[हर्क साम्पाङ]] समावेश थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हर्क साम्पाङ र दुर्गा प्रसाईं पनि जंगीअड्डामा|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1761855/hark-sampang-and-durga-prasai-also-at-the-military-base|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२|website=सेतोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> यसैबीच, स्वास्थ्य मन्त्रालयका अनुसार मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या ३४ पुगेको थियो भने १,३०० भन्दा बढी घाइते भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=अस्पतालमा मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या ३४ पुग्यो, एक हजार बढीको उपचार हुँदै |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/167775|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२|website=शिलापत्र|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === २७ भदौ २०८२ === मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या ५१ पुगेको थियो, जसमा २१ प्रदर्शनकारी, ९ कैदी, तीन प्रहरी अधिकारी र १८ अन्य समावेश थिएँ, देशभर १,३०० भन्दा बढी व्यक्तिहरू घाइते भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जेन-जी प्रदर्शनको क्रममा मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या ५१ पुग्यो |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/369137|access-date=२८ भदौ २०८२|website=सेतोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[सुशीला कार्की]]ले अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा शपथ ग्रहरण गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=पहिलो महिला सरकार प्रमुख बनिन् सुशीला कार्की |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763407/sushila-karki-becomes-the-first-female-head-of-government |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली}}</ref> उनकै सिफारिसमा प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन भएको थियो र उक्त अन्तरिम सरकारले ६ महिना भित्र प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचन गर्ने गरि सहमति भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=६ महिनाभित्र प्रतिनिधिसभाको नयाँ निर्वाचन हुने|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763471/new-elections-to-the-house-of-representatives-will-be-held-within-6-months |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली}}</ref> == प्रतिक्रियाहरू == === राष्ट्रिय === राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार आयोगले फेसबुक, इन्स्टाग्राम र युट्युब जस्ता प्रमुख सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवाहरू नेपालमा बन्द गर्ने कदम प्रति गहिरो चिन्ता व्यक्त गरेको थियो भने यसले आन्दोलनको क्रममा अत्यधिक बल प्रयोग नगर्न र विरोध प्रदर्शनलाई सम्हाल्न संयम हुन आह्वान गरेको थियो। [[नेपाल पत्रकार महासङ्घ]] सहित अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रता र सूचना अधिकारका क्षेत्रमा क्रियाशील २२ वटा नागरिक समाज सङ्गठनहरूले सरकारको सामाजिक सञ्जाल बन्द गर्ने निर्णयप्रति कडा आपत्ति जनाएका थिएँ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Only Hamro Patro, X respond as Nepal bars 26 social sites |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/09/05/only-hamro-patro-x-respond-as-nepal-blocks-26-social-media-platforms-1757082149 |access-date=२३ भदौ २०८२ |website=kathmandupost.com |language=en}}</ref> [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जाल प्रतिबन्ध र विरोध प्रदर्शनमा प्रहरीको प्रतिक्रियाको निन्दा गर्दै साथै वर्तमान सरकारलाई तुरुन्तै विघटन गर्न माग गरेको थियो भने प्रमुख प्रतिपक्ष [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] सामुहिक नरसंहार भएको भन्दै कडा आलोचना गरेका थिएँ भने तत्काल मागहरू सम्बोधन गर्न आग्रह गरेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title='जेन जी' को माग तत्काल सम्बोधन गर्न माओवादी केन्द्रको माग |url=https://www.ujyaaloonline.com/story/119800/2025/9/8/maoist-demands-address-of-gen-z-demands |access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२|website=उज्यालो अनलाइन |language=नेपाली}}</ref> यस्तै [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|रास्वपा]]ले जेन-जीमाथि गरिएको दमनको निष्पक्ष छानबिन सहित मध्यावधि निर्वाचनको माग गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=जेन-जीमाथि गरिएको दमनको निष्पक्ष छानबिनसहित रास्वपाले माग्यो अर्ली इलेक्सन|url=https://www.techpana.com/2025/152985/rsp-demands-early-election-after-gen-z-protest-crackdown|access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२|website=उज्यालो अनलाइन|language=नेपाली}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[फेसबुक]] पोस्टमा, काठमाडौँका नगरप्रमुख [[बालेन शाह]]ले आयोजकहरूले तोकेको उमेर सीमाका कारण आफु विरोध प्रदर्शनमा उपस्थित हुन नसक्ने बताएका थिएँ। यद्यपि, उनको विरोध प्रदर्शनको समर्थन गरेका थिएँ। राष्ट्रपति [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]] र [[नेपाली सेना]]ले घटना पश्चात् शान्त र राजनीतिक संवादको लागि अपील गरेका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संयमित हुन र वार्तामा आउन राष्ट्रपतिको आह्वान,समस्या समाधानका लागि आग्रह |url=https://www.nepalpress.com/2025/09/09/637861/|access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२ |website=नेपाल प्रेस|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय === * {{flagicon|United Nations}} संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घको उच्चायुक्त कार्यालयकी प्रवक्ता रविना शामदासानीले हत्याको छानबिनको माग गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Sep 2025 |title=At least 19 killed in Nepal protests over social media ban, corruption |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/8/at-least-14-killed-in-nepal-protests-over-social-media-ban-corruption |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> * [[एम्नेस्टी इन्टरनेसनल]]ले प्रहरी कारबाहीको निन्दा गरेको थियो र स्वतन्त्र अनुसन्धान र जवाफदेहिताको लागि आह्वान गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-08 |title=Accountability for deadly crackdown on ‘Gen Z’ protests against social media ban in Nepal |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/09/nepal-accountability-for-deadly-crackdown-on-gen-z-protesters/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> * {{flagicon|भारत}} भारत विदेश मन्त्रालयले हताहत भएकाहरूप्रति शोक व्यक्त गर्दै र पीडित परिवारप्रति समवेदना व्यक्त गर्दै प्रदर्शनलाई नजिकबाट नियालिरहेको बताएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२३ भदौ २०८२ |title=भारतले भन्यो- नेपालको घटनाक्रमलाई नजिकबाट निगरानी गरिरहेका छौँ |url=https://www.drishtinews.com/archives/412528|access-date=२४ भदौ २०८२|website=दृष्टी न्युज |language=नेपाली}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपालका क्रान्ति र विद्रोहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा इन्टरनेट]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा विरोध प्रदर्शनहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सैन्य इतिहास]] 96y39wo48hwh5ccz9lkie5wxrawof1k 0 146662 1372805 1368015 2026-08-30T17:16:15Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२ | country = नेपाल | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९ | previous_year = २०७९ | outgoing_members = नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद#प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्यहरू | election_date = २०८२ फागुन २१ | elected_members = नेपालको तेस्रो सङ्घीय संसद | next_election = | next_year = ''अर्को'' | seats_for_election = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]को सबै २७५ सिटहरू | majority_seats = १३८ | opinion_polls = #सर्वेक्षण र मत सर्वेक्षणहरू | registered = १,८९,०३,६८९<ref>{{Cite web |title=देशभर १ करोड ८९ लाख ३ हजार ६८९ मतदाता, कुन क्षेत्रमा कति ? (सूची)|url=https://nepalpress.com/2026/02/03/690038/18-9-million-3689-voters-across-the-country-how-many-in-which-polling-station-list/ |access-date=२०८२ माघ २० |website=नेपाल प्रेस |language=नेपाली}}</ref> ({{increase}} ५.०९%) | turnout = ५८.०७% ({{decrease}} ३.३४ प्रतिशत अङ्क; [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] मतहरू)<ref>{{Cite web |title=६ दलले पाए राष्ट्रिय दलको मान्यता |url=https://nepallive.com/story/344944 |access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=नेपाल लाइभ}}</ref> | image_size = 130x130px | 1blank = समानुपातिक&nbsp;मत | 2blank = % र मतदान | 3blank = समानुपातिक मत | 4blank = % र मतदान <!-- RSP --> | image1 = | leader1 = [[बालेन शाह]] | party1 = राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी | leader_since1 = लागू हुँदैन{{efn|[[रवि लामिछाने]] राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टीको नेतृत्व गर्छन्, भने बलेन शाह पार्टीका [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री]] पद का उम्मेदवार हुन् र २०८२ पुष १३ गते वरिष्ठ नेता भएर पार्टीमा सामेल भएका थिए।}} | leaders_seat1 = [[चितवन २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|चितवन २]]<br>[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] | last_election1 = १०.७०%, २० सिट | seats1 = '''१८२''' | seat_change1 = {{increase}} १६२ | 1data1 = '''४६,५०,६९७''' | 2data1 = '''४४.१७%'''<br>({{increase}} ३६.४० प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data1 = '''५१,८३,४९३''' | 4data1 = '''४७.८४%'''<br>({{increase}} ३७.१४ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- काङ्ग्रेस--> | image2 = Gagan_Kumar_Thapa.jpg | leader2 = [[गगन थापा]] | party2 = नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस | leader_since2 = २०८२ माघ २ | leaders_seat2 = [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election2 = २५.७१%, ८९ सिट | seats2 = ३८ | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} ५१ | 1data2 = २०,०८,६३९ | 2data2 = १९.०८%<br>({{decrease}} ४.११ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data2 = १७,५९,१७२ | 4data2 = १६.२४%<br>({{decrease}} ९.४७ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- नेकपा (एमाले) --> | image3 = The Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri KP Sharma Oli at Bangkok, in Thailand on April 04, 2025.jpg | leader3 = [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] | party3 = नेकपा (एमाले) | leader_since3 = फागुन २०७७ | leaders_seat3 = [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election3 = २६.९५%, ७८ सिट | seats3 = २५ | seat_change3 = {{decrease}} ५३ | 1data3 = १६,२३,१५९ | 2data3 = १५.४२%<br>({{decrease}} १५.४१ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data3 = १४,५५,८८५ | 4data3 = १३.४४%<br>({{decrease}} १३.५१ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- NCP --> | image4 = Prime Minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda".jpg | leader4 = [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | party4 = नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी | leader_since4 = २०८२ कात्तिक १९ | leaders_seat4 = [[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पूर्वी रुकुम १]] | last_election4 = १६.५३%, ४५ सिट{{efn|११.१३%, ३२ सिट [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]<br>२.८३%, १० सिट [[नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]]<br>२.५७%, ३ सिट [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]]}} | seats4 = १७ | seat_change4 = {{decrease}} २८ | 1data4 = ९,७६,०१६ | 2data4 = ९.२७%<br>(''नयाँ'') | 3data4 = ८,११,५७७ | 4data4 = ७.४९%<br>(''नयाँ'') <!-- श्रसंपा--> | image5 = Harka Sampang (cropped).png | leader5 = [[हर्कराज राई]] | party5 = [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]] | leader_since5 = कात्तिक २०८२ | leaders_seat5 = [[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]]<br/> | last_election5 = ''अस्तित्वमा थिएन'' | seats5 = ७ | seat_change5 = ''नयाँ'' | 1data5 = ३,०३,९०२ | 2data5 = २.८९%<br>(''नयाँ'') | 3data5 = ३,८५,८५६ | 4data5 = ३.५६%<br>(''नयाँ'') <!--राप्रपा--> | image6 = Rajendra lingden.png | leader6 = [[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]] | party6 = राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी | leader_since6 = मङ्सिर २०७८ | leaders_seat6 = [[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]]<br>(''पराजित'') | last_election6 = ५.५८%, १४ सिट | seats6 = ‍५ | seat_change6 = {{decrease}} ९ | 1data6 = २,०७,२७० | 2data6 = १.९७%<br>({{decrease}} ३.२७ प्रतिशत अङ्क) | 3data6 = ३,३०,६८४ | 4data6 = ३.०५%<br>({{decrease}} २.५३ प्रतिशत अङ्क) <!-- map --> | map_image = [[File:निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू अनुसार प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०८२ को नतिजा.svg|400px]] | map_caption = निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसारको नतिजा <!-- bottom --> | title = [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] | posttitle = चुनाव पछि प्रधानमन्त्री | before_election = [[सुशीला कार्की]] (अन्तरिम) | before_party = स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ | after_election = [[बालेन शाह]] | after_party = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] }} {{नेपालको राजनीति}} '''प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन, २०८२''' [[नेपाल सरकार]]को सिफारिसमा [[नेपालका राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]]ले २८ भदौ २०८२ का दिन घोषणा गरेअनुसार [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]]का २७५ सदस्यहरूलाई निर्वाचित गर्नका लागि २०८२ फागुन २१ का दिन सम्पन्न गरिएको एक आम निर्वाचन थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राष्ट्रपतिबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन, नयाँ निर्वाचन २०८२ फागुन २१ गते |url=https://www.prasashan.com/2025/09/13/700674/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=प्रशासन |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=६ महिनाभित्र प्रतिनिधि सभाको निर्वाचन हुने |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/369178/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=सेतोपाटी |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रतिनिधिसभा विघटन, फागुन २१ गते चुनाव घोषणा |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763532/dissolution-of-the-house-of-representatives-elections-announced-for-falgun-21 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=अनलाइनखबर |language=}}</ref> निर्वाचनमा [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] मार्फत एकल सदस्यीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट १६५ सदस्यहरू चयन गर्न र अर्को ११० सदस्यहरूलाई एउटै राष्ट्रव्यापी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट राजनीतिक दलको [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व]] सूची मार्फत चयन गर्नका लागि दुईवटा मतपत्र रहेका थिए। २०८२ भदौको [[नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन|जेनजी आन्दोलन]] पछि तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले राजीनामा दिएपछि [[सुशीला कार्की]]को नेतृत्वमा बनेको [[नेपालको अन्तरिम सरकार|अन्तरिम सरकार]]ले निर्वाचनको मिति घोषणा गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |date=भदौ २०८२ |title=फागुन २१ गते प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचन घोषणा |url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/live/cn5q2w9gg1et |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=बीबीसी नेपाली |language=नेपाली}}</ref> यस निर्वाचनमा [[बालेन शाह]]लाई प्रधानमन्त्रीको उम्मेदवारका रूपमा अघि सारेको '''[[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]'''ले ऐतिहासिक विजय हासिल गर्दै बहुमत सिट प्राप्त गरेको थियो। [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५]]पछि पहिलो पटक कुनै एक दलले प्रतिनिधि सभामा स्पष्ट बहुमत प्राप्त गरेको यो पहिलो निर्वाचन हो। यस निर्वाचनमा १ करोड ८९ लाखभन्दा बढी मतदाता दर्ता भएका थिए भने ६८ दलका ३,४०० भन्दा बढी उम्मेदवारहरू चुनावी मैदानमा उत्रिएका थिए थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=यी हुन् प्रतिनिधिसभाका ३४९० उम्मेदवार (सूचीसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539061/house-of-representatives-election-these-are-the-3490-candidates|access-date=२०८२ फागुन १३|website=रातोपाटी |language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]ले १८२ सिटसहित झण्डै दुई-तिहाइ बहुमत प्राप्त गरेको थियो,<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=दुई तिहाइको भार|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1889882/two-thirds-load|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> जुन २०१५ सालको निर्वाचनपछिकै [[नेपालमा निर्वाचन|नेपालको निर्वाचन इतिहास]]मा दोस्रो ठूलो विजय हो। यस पार्टीले ४७.८% समानुपातिक मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो, जुन २०६४ मा समानुपातिक प्रणाली लागू भएयताकै उच्च हो। [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]ले ३८ सिट र १९.१% समानुपातिक मतका साथ इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा खराब पराजय बेहोरेको थियो। पार्टी सभापति [[गगन थापा]]ले समेत रास्पाका उम्मेदवार [[अमरेशकुमार सिंह]]सँग पराजित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=गगन थापा पराजित, अमरेश निर्वाचित|url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/03/08/gagan-thapa-defeated-amresh-elected-31-00.html#:~:text=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%81%20%E2%80%94%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E2%80%93%E0%A5%AA%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE,%28%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%29%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%20%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A5%A4|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २५ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> दुई प्रमुख वामपन्थी दलहरू [[नेकपा एमाले]] र [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] क्रमशः तेस्रो र चौथो स्थानमा रहेका थिए। एमालेले २५ सिट र १३.४% समानुपातिक मतका साथ इतिहासकै खराब नतिजा सामना गरेको थियो, जहाँ पार्टी अध्यक्ष तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले भारी मतान्तर सहित पराजित भएका थिए। [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]ले १७ सिट र ७.५% मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो, तर पार्टी सह-संयोजक तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] पराजित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=०६४ को भन्दा कमजोर बन्यो एमाले, के गर्छन् ओली ?|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1889975/uml-has-become-weaker-than-in-064-what-will-oli-do|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> [[हर्क साम्पाङ]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]]ले ७ सिट र ३.५६% मत प्राप्त गर्दै राष्ट्रिय दलको मान्यता पाउन सफल भएको थियो। [[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]ले ५ सिट र ३.०५% मत प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२०८२ फागुन १५ |title=श्रम संस्कृति बन्यो राष्ट्रिय पार्टी|url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/195840|access-date=२०८२ फागुन २६ |website=गोरखापत्र|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == {{Further|नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन}} २०८२ भदौ २३ मा, नेपालभरि ठुला स्तरका विरोध प्रदर्शनहरू भएका थिए, जसको आयोजना मुख्यतया विद्यार्थी र युवा अर्थात् [[जेन जी]] पुस्ताहरूबाट गरिएको थियो। २०८२ भदौ २७ मा, [[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] विघटन गरिएको थियो<ref>{{cite web|title=राष्ट्रपतिबाट प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन, नयाँ निर्वाचन २०८२ फागुन २१ गते |date=|url=https://www.prasashan.com/2025/09/13/700674/|accessdate=९ असोज २०८२|work=प्रशासन|language=नेपाली}}</ref> र [[सुशीला कार्की]]ले अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा शपथ ग्रहण गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=नवनियुक्त प्रधानमन्त्री कार्कीले लिइन् शपथ|date=|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2025/09/1763468/newly-appointed-prime-minister-karki-takes-oath|accessdate=२६ भदौ २०८२|work=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> राष्ट्रपति [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]ले २०८२ फागुन २१ मा चुनाव हुने घोषणा गरेका थिए। २३-२४ भदौ २०८२ मा भएको ७६ जनाको मृत्यु हुने गरि भएको जेनजी आन्दोलनको जगमा यो निर्वाचनको मिति घोषणा गरिएको थियो। == समयतालिका == यो निर्वाचनका लागि चुनावी समयसीमा [[सुशीला कार्की]]को अन्तरिम प्रशासनबाट पूर्ण रूपमा निर्वाचित नागरिक सरकारमा परिवर्तन गर्न संक्षिप्त "द्रुत" तालिका अन्तर्गत स्थापित गरिएको थियो। २०८२ भदौ २७ मा [[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] औपचारिक रूपमा विघटन भएपछि, [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]]लाई १५० दिनको समयावधिभित्र राष्ट्रव्यापी मतदानका लागि सबै तार्किक र कानुनी आवश्यकताहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्न आदेश दिइएको थियो। यो अवधिमा मतदाता सूची अद्यावधिक गर्ने कार्य गरिएको थियो। प्रारम्भिक चरण मतदाता र पार्टी दर्तामा केन्द्रित थियो, जसले गतिविधिमा अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि देखिएको थियो। कुनै पनि नागरिक मताधिकारबाट बञ्चित नभएको सुनिश्चित गर्न अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्रीको धेरै अनुरोधपछि, निर्वाचन आयोगले पञ्जीकरणको समयसीमा २०८२ मङ्सिर ५ सम्म विस्तार गरेको थियो। ८ लाख भन्दा बढी नयाँ मतदाता थपिएका थिए। २०८२ मङ्सिर १० मा पार्टी दर्ता गर्ने समयसीमा सम्म, १४३ राजनीतिक दलहरूले मान्यताका लागि आवेदन दिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nepalsamaya.com/detail/139877|title=राष्ट्रिय परिचयपत्रमार्फत अनलाइन मतदाता नामावलीमा नाम दर्ता हुने|date=कात्तिक २७, २०८२|work=नेपाल समय|access-date=२०८२ फागनु २८}}</ref> [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व ]] प्रक्रिया पुस २०८२ को अन्त्यमा सुरु भएको थियो, जसमा दलहरूले लिङ्ग, जातीयता र क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि संवैधानिक आरक्षणको पालना गरि बन्द सूचीहरू पेस गरेका थिए। २०८२ माघ ६ मा, निर्वाचन आयोगले एक निर्वाचन आचार संहिता लागू गरेको थियो। भोलिपल्ट, राष्ट्रव्यापी रूपमा १६५ प्रत्यक्ष सिटहरूका लागि उम्मेदवार नामाङ्कनहरू दर्ता गरिएको थियो जसमा, जसमा ३,४०० भन्दा बढी उम्मेदवारहरू चुनावी मैदानमा उत्रिएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539061/house-of-representatives-election-these-are-the-3490-candidates|title=यी हुन् प्रतिनिधिसभाका ३४९० उम्मेदवार (सूचीसहित)|date=७ माघ २०८२|work=रातोपाटी|access-date=२०८२ फागनु २८}}</ref> प्रमुख मितिहरू तल सूचीबद्ध छन्ः {| class="wikitable" !मिति !घटना |- | rowspan="2" |२०८२ असोज २० |प्रतिनिधि सभा विघटन |- |मन्त्रिपरिषद्बाट निर्वाचन मिति घोषणा |- |२०८२ मङ्सिर ५ |मतदाता सूचीमा दर्ता गर्ने अन्तिम मिति <ref name="TKP_Voter">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/11/15/voter-registration-extended-till-nov-21|title=Voter registration extended till Nov 21|last=Ghimire|first=Binod|date=2025-11-15|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> |- |२०८२ मङ्सिर १० |निर्वाचन आयोगसमक्ष पार्टी दर्ता गर्ने अन्तिम दिन <ref name="Hindu_Parties">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/17-new-political-parties-apply-for-registration-at-nepals-election-commission/article70227160.ece|title=17 new political parties apply for registration at Nepal's Election Commission|date=2025-10-31|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/17-new-political-parties-apply-for-registration-at-nepals-election-commission/article70227160.ece "17 new political parties apply for registration at Nepal's Election Commission"]. </cite></ref> |- |१८-२०८२ पुस १९ |दलहरूले आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि प्रारम्भिक बन्द सूची पेश गर्छन् <ref name="DRCN_Timeline">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-15 |title=House of Representative (HoR) Election Timeline 2026 |url=https://www.democracyresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/DRCN_Factsheet-Parliamentary-Elections-of-Nepal-2026-February-2026.pdf |access-date=2026-03-02 |publisher=Democracy Resource Center Nepal }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |२०८२ माघ ५ |निर्वाचन आचार संहिता सुरु <ref name="TKP_Code">{{Cite news|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/01/19/election-code-of-conduct-comes-into-effect|title=Election code of conduct comes into effect|date=2026-01-19|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> |- |२०८२ माघ ६ |पहिलो पटक पदका लागि उम्मेदवार नामाङ्कन <ref name="DRCN_Timeline" /> |- |२०८२ माघ ९ |पहिलो विगतका लागि उम्मेदवारको सूची पद अन्तिम र प्रकाशित गरियो |- |२०८२ माघ ९ |आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्वका लागि बन्द सूची अन्तिम र प्रकाशित <ref name="DRCN_Timeline" /> |- |२०८२ फागुन २१ |'''निर्वाचन मिति'''<ref name="LiveMint_Guide">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-02 |title=Nepal Elections 2026: When is voting, who are key PM candidates, and when will results be out |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/nepal-elections-2026-when-is-voting-who-are-the-key-pm-candidates-and-when-will-results-be-out-all-you-need-to-know-11772421272428.html |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=LiveMint}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.livemint.com/elections/nepal-elections-2026-when-is-voting-who-are-the-key-pm-candidates-and-when-will-results-be-out-all-you-need-to-know-11772421272428.html "Nepal Elections 2026: When is voting, who are key PM candidates, and when will results be out"]. </cite></ref> |} == निर्वाचन प्रणाली == व्यवस्थापिकाका २७५ सदस्यहरू दुई विधिद्वारा निर्वाचित हुन्छन् जसमा १६५ जना एकल-सदस्य निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन]] मतदानद्वारा निर्वाचित हुन्छन् र ११० वटा सिटहरू एकल राष्ट्रव्यापी निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट बन्द सूची [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व]]मार्फत निर्वाचित हुन्छन्। मतदाताहरूले दुई विधिहरूका लागि छुट्टै मतपत्रहरू प्राप्त गर्दछन्। एउटा पार्टी वा चुनावी गठबन्धनले समानुपातिक मतमा सिट प्राप्त गर्न समग्र सदर मतको ३% को चुनावी सीमा पार गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। नेपालले समानुपातिक सिटहरू छुट्याउन वेबस्टर विधि प्रयोग गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite act|title=प्रतिनिधि सभा सदस्य निर्वाचन ऐन, २०७४}}</ref> मतदान १८ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा बढी उमेरका स्वस्थ दिमाग भएका र सङ्घीय निर्वाचन सजाय कानुनअन्तर्गत अयोग्य घोषित नगरिएका नेपाली नागरिकहरूमा सीमित छ। २०८२ पुस १२ मा निर्वाचन आयोगले १,८९,०३,६८९ मतदाताहरूको अन्तिम मतदाता सूची प्रकाशित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=निर्वाचन आयोग|url=https://election.gov.np/static/media/ecn.voter_poush_2082.jpg |website=निर्वाचन आयोग}}</ref> === मतदान गर्ने योग्यता === आम चुनावमा मतदान गर्न, निम्न हुनुपर्दछः <ref name=":3">{{Cite act|title=Electoral Roll Act, 2017|type=Act|number=23|article=6 & 23|articletype=section}}</ref> * अन्तिम मतदाता नामावलीमा सूचीकृत * १८ वर्ष वा सोभन्दा बढी उमेरका व्यक्तिहरू * नेपाली नागरिक * स्वस्थ दिमागको * सङ्घीय निर्वाचन धाँधली र सजाय कानुनअनुसार अयोग्य == राजनीतिक दलहरू == {{seealso|नेपालका राजनीतिक दलहरूको सूची}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | दल ! rowspan="2" | संसदीय दल नेता ! colspan="2" | [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९|२०७९]] नतिजा ! rowspan="2" | विघटनको समयमा |- ! समानुपातिक मत (%) ! सिट |- | {{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|full = y}} | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] | २५.७१ | {{Composition bar|८९|२७५|{{party color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}}}} | {{Composition bar|८८|२७५|{{party color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}}}} |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत 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पार्टी}}}} |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी|shortname=जनता समाजवादी पार्टी}} | [[अशोक राई]] | {{NA}} | {{NA}} | {{Composition bar|७|२७५|{{party color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल)}}}} |- | {{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी|full=y}} | [[सिके राउत]] | ३.७४ | {{Composition bar|६|२७५|{{party color|जनमत पार्टी}}}} | {{Composition bar|६|२७५|{{party color|जनमत पार्टी}}}} |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल|shortname=जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} | [[उपेन्द्र यादव]] | ३.९९ | {{Composition bar|१२|२७५|{{party color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}}}} | {{Composition bar|५|२७५|{{party color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}}}} |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}} | [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] | २.८३ | {{Composition bar|१०|२७५|{{party color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}}}} | {{Composition bar|१०|२७५|{{party color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}}}} |- | bgcolor="crimson"| | [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] | [[रन्जिता 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{{NA}} | {{NA}} | {{Composition bar|२|२७५|{{party color|Independent}}}} |} == अभियान == === नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस === निर्वाचनअघि नयाँ नेतृत्व चयनमा महिनौँको असहमतिपछि पार्टीका अधिकांश प्रतिनिधिहरूले विशेष महाधिवेशन सम्पन्न गरेका थिए जसमा [[गगन थापा]] पार्टी सभापतिको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। थापा पार्टीबाट प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वार घोषित भएका थिए। पार्टीले सबै १६५ [[नेपालका संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]]मा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो भने गत तीन चुनावमा जितेका [[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] को सट्टा [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] बाट उम्मेदवारी दिने निर्णय गरेका थिए। पार्टीका पूर्व सभापति तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]], कार्यवाहक सभापति [[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का]] र जेन जीको विरोध प्रदर्शनका क्रममा [[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|गृहमन्त्री]] रहेका [[रमेश लेखक]]ले चुनाव लडेनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deuba opts out of elections, marking unexpected political pause |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2026/01/20/deuba-opts-out-of-elections-marking-unexpected-political-pause |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> पार्टीको अभियान नयाँ पुस्ताले पार्टीको नेतृत्व र "नवीकरण" पार्टीको रूपमा उनीहरूको छवि लिनमा केन्द्रित थियो। पार्टीले २०८२ फागुन मा [[जनकपुरधाम उपमहानगरपालिका|जनकपुर]] आफ्नो अभियान र्याली सुरु गरेको थियो। काङ्ग्रेसले [[सुर्खेत जिल्ला|सुर्खेत ]], बाँके, [[बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका|बुटवाल]], पोखरा, [[वीरगन्ज महानगरपालिका|वीरगन्ज]] र [[बागलुङ नगरपालिका|बाग्लुङ]] लगायत सहरहरूमा प्रमुख अभियान र्यालीहरू सञ्चालन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मधेसका चार जिल्लामा आज कांग्रेसको चुनावी सभा |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/382956/ |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ८ |website=सेतोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा सुशासन, प्रशासनिक दक्षता र कडा कार्यकाल सीमामा केन्द्रित संरचनात्मक सुधारको आह्वान गरिएको छ। यसले [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]] एक कार्यकाल, [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] र मुख्यमन्त्रीको दुई कार्यकाल, [[नेपालको मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीहरू]] लागि तीन कार्यकाल र पार्टी सूची सांसदहरूका लागि एक कार्यकालको सीमा प्रस्ताव गरेको छ। यसले अस्वीकार गर्ने अधिकार र फिर्ता लिने अधिकारका प्रावधानहरू पेस गर्न पनि आह्वान गरेको छ। आर्थिक मञ्चले उदार, बजार समर्थक नीतिहरूमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको छ जसमा स्थिर कर प्रणाली, निजी क्षेत्रको लगानीका लागि प्रोत्साहन, १० लाख सम्मको आयका लागि कर छुट, र कृषिको व्यावसायीकरण समावेश छ। घोषणापत्रमा योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणाली, विश्वव्यापी स्वास्थ्य सेवा र माध्यमिक स्तरसम्म निःशुल्क शिक्षाका लागि प्रतिबद्धता व्यक्त गरिएको छ। पार्टीले अधिक पारदर्शिता, जलविद्युतको विस्तार र राष्ट्रिय विद्युतीकरणको प्राथमिकताका लागि सार्वजनिक कार्यको उदीयमान प्रक्रियामा सुधार गर्ने योजनाहरूको रूपरेखा पनि प्रस्तुत गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=२०० पेज लामो कांग्रेसको प्रतिज्ञापत्रमा के छ ? (पूर्णपाठ) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/545143/what-is-in-the-200-page-long-congress-manifesto-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ८ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === नेकपा (एमाले) === पार्टीले २०८२ पुस ३ मा आफ्नो ११औँ महाधिवेशन सम्पन्न गरी [[केपी शर्मा ओली]]लाई पार्टी अध्यक्षको रूपमा पुनः निर्वाचित गरेको थियो। ओलीलाई पार्टीबाट प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वारको रूपमा पनि घोषणा गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले सबै १६५ वटा निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो, तर पछि अभियानको क्रममा हिंसा रोक्न स्थानीयरूले हस्तक्षेप गरेपछि नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका उम्मेदवार टेकबहादुर गुरुङको पक्षमा [[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] बाट पछि हटेको थियो। यसको बदलामा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसले आगामी प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचनमा नेकपा (एमाले)का उम्मेदवारलाई समर्थन गर्नुपर्नेछ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मनाङमा एमाले र राप्रपाको उमेदवारी फिर्ता लिन निवेदन |url=https://baahrakhari.com/detail/475607/ |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=बाह्रखरी}}</ref> पार्टीले [[कर्णाली प्रदेश|कर्णाली]]का अधिकांश निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा समर्थनको बदलामा पश्चिम रुकुममा [[प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी (नेपाल)|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]]का उम्मेदवार [[जनार्दन शर्मा]] अनौपचारिक रूपमा समर्थन गर्न सहमत भएता पनि एमालेका आफ्नै उम्मेदवारहरू उम्मेद्वारी फिर्ता नलिएपछि पुन: सहमति भङ्ग भएको थियो।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=एमाले र प्रलोपाबिच नयाँ सहमति, रुकुम पूर्वमा एमालेको उम्मेदवार कायम रहने |url=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/187842/2026-02-04 |access-date=२०८१ फागुन ८ |website=नयाँ पत्रिका |language=नेपाली }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260312135459/https://www.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/187842/2026-02-04 |date=2026-03-12 }}</ref> [[नेपालमा जेनजी आन्दोलन|जेनजी आन्दोलन]]को समयमा [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] प्रधानमन्त्री थिए र उनले चुनावलाई राष्ट्र-निर्माणकर्ता र राष्ट्र-विध्वंसकहरू बीचको जनमत सङ्ग्रह भनेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-19 |title='A Referendum Between Nation-Builders and Nation-Destroyers': Oli |url=https://eng.dragonmedia.com.np/a-referendum-between-nation-builders-and-nation-destroyers-oli/ |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=Dragon Media |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा व्यापक सामाजिक सुरक्षा जालसहित कल्याणकारी प्रणालीको वाचा गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले १८–२८ उमेर समूहका लागि १० जिबी निःशुल्क मासिक इन्टरनेट डाटा, विदेशी व्यापारलाई सहज बनाउन १० हजार डलरको कार्ड र २० लाख सम्मको ब्याज रहित उच्च शिक्षा ऋण दिने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा मासिक न्यूनतम ज्याला बढाएर २५ हजार पुऱ्याउने, रेमिट्यान्स फिर्ता गर्ने प्रवासी श्रमिकलाई मासिक ५ हजार प्रोत्साहन दिने र प्रवासी श्रमिकहरूलाई योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणालीमा एकीकृत गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो। यसले गर्भवती महिलाका लागि निःशुल्क जीवन बीमामा ५ लाख सँगसँगै २० हजारको मातृ भत्ता दिने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=एमालेले सार्वजनिक गर्‍यो चुनावी घोषणापत्र [पूर्णपाठ] |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/02/19/uml-releases-election-manifesto-full-text-52-06.html |access-date=२०८१ फागुन ८ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी === यो पार्टी [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]], [[नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]] सहित अन्य आठ वामपन्थी समूहहरूको विलयबाट गठन भएको थियो। पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[भीमबहादुर रावल|भीम रावल]], [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी]] र [[नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी]]को एउटा गुट पनि पार्टीमा सामेल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine parties, including Maoist Centre, merge to form "Nepali Communist Party" |url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/politics/nine-parties-including-maoist-centre-merge-to-form-nepali-communist-party/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Nepal News |language=en}}</ref> [[बागलुङ जिल्ला]]का लागि पार्टी र [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]]ले चुनावी गठबन्धन गरेको थियो। गठबन्धनको रूपमा, पार्टीले बाग्लुङ १ मा जनमोर्चाका उम्मेदवार कृष्ण अधिकारीलाई समर्थन गरेको थियो, र बदलामा, जनमोर्चाले [[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाग्लुङ २]] मा नेकपाका उम्मेदवार ज्ञामनाथ गैरेलाई समर्थन गरेको थियो। पार्टीका वरिष्ठ नेता, पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[झलनाथ खनाल]] र पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्री [[वामदेव गौतम]]ले चुनाव नलड्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhala Nath Khanal and Bamdev Gautam not to contest election |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/165824/ |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=Setopati}}</ref> पार्टीले २०८२ माघ २७ मा आफ्नो घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो, जसमा सुशासन, रोजगारी सिर्जना, समाज कल्याण र संस्थागत सुधारमा केन्द्रित थियो। घोषणापत्रमा कृषि र [[जलविद्युत]] लगानी, सीमान्तकृत समुदायका लागि आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व र लक्षित कार्यक्रमहरूलाई बढावा दिने नीतिहरू, सङ्घीय नागरिक सेवा ऐन र प्रहरी ऐनसहित सङ्घीयता सम्बन्धी कानुनहरू लागु गरेर सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र प्रणालीलाई सुदृढ पार्ने र राष्ट्रिय बजेटको ६० प्रतिशत [[नेपालका प्रादेशिक सरकारहरू|प्रादेश]] र स्थानीय सरकारलाई छुट दिने कुरामा जोड दिइएको थियो। यसले विश्वव्यापी स्वास्थ्य सेवाको कार्यान्वयन, बेरोजगारी बिमा प्रणाली सुरु गर्ने, योगदानमा आधारित सामाजिक सुरक्षा कोषमा अनिवार्य भर्ना र दुई बच्चासम्मका लागि गर्भवती महिलाका लागि छ महिनाको प्रसूति बिदा प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा सबै सार्वजनिक पदधारीको सम्पत्ति अनुसन्धान गर्न उच्चस्तरीय आयोग गठन गर्न पनि आह्वान गरिएको थियो भने शान्ति प्रक्रिया सम्पन्न गर्न प्रतिबद्ध जाहेर गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=CPN-UML Unveils Detailed Manifesto for House of Representatives Election, Focusing on Governance and Employment |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/47856/ncps-election-commitment-read-the-milestones-and-plans-in-highlights |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Ratopati |language=en}}</ref> === राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी === पार्टीले स्वतन्त्र [[काठमाडौँ]] नगरप्रमुख [[बालेन शाह]] ल्याउने सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरी उनलाई प्रधानमन्त्री पदका उम्मेद्वार घोषणा गरेको थियो। [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]]लाई पार्टीमा विलय गर्ने सम्झौतामा पनि हस्ताक्षर भएको थियो, तर पछि सम्झौता तोडिएको थियो। [[विवेकशील साझा पार्टी]] चुनावअघि नै पार्टीमा गाभिएको भएको थियो। शाहले [[नेकपा (एमाले)]]का अध्यक्ष तथा पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]ले जित्दै आएको क्षेत्र झापा ५ बाट चुनाव लड्ने निर्णय गरेका थिउ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balen Shah files candidacy from Jhapa-5 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-1/2026/01/20/balen-shah-files-candidacy-from-jhapa-5 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> २०८२ माघ ६ मा जनकपुरमा भएको भेलामा बालेन शाह औपचारिक रूपमा पार्टीमा सामेल भएर समर्थकहरूलाई अभिवादन गर्दै पार्टीको अभियान सुरु भएको थियो। शाहलाई मधेशबाट बन्ने पहिलो प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा अगाडि राखिएको थियो। अर्को दिन पार्टीले [[वीरेन्द्रनगर नगरपालिका|वीरेन्द्रनगर]] एउटा र्यालीमा आफ्नो घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो। धनुषा १ का उम्मेदवार किशोरी साह कमल कालो सूचीमा फेला परेपछि चुनावको दुई दिन अघि पार्टीको उम्मेद्वारलाई निर्वाचन आयोगले खारेज गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=धनुषा-१ का रास्वपा उम्मेदवार किशोरी साहको उम्मेदवारी खारेज |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/03/1882190/candidacy-of-rsvp-candidate-kishori-sah-from-dhanusha-1-rejected |access-date=२०८२ फागुन १८ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको वाचापत्रमा प्रशासनलाई सुव्यवस्थित बनाउने उद्देश्यले संवैधानिक संशोधन र संस्थागत सुधारको वकालत गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले विधायकहरूलाई मन्त्रीमण्डल सदस्यका रूपमा सेवा गर्नबाट रोक्ने शक्तिहरूको विभाजनसँगै प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित कार्यकारी र पूर्ण [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] संसदमा सङ्क्रमणको प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। पार्टीले पार्टी सम्बद्ध विद्यार्थी सङ्घ, ट्रेड युनियन र निजामती कर्मचारी सङ्घहरू विघटन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। यसले प्रदेश सरकारहरूको पुनर्गठन र गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय सरकारहरू सिर्जना गर्ने पनि लक्ष्य राखेको थियो। पार्टीको उदार आर्थिक नीतिले प्रतिस्पर्धा नियामक निर्माणको वकालत गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा जलविद्युतको विस्तार, राष्ट्रिय इन्जिनियरिङ र भवन मापदण्डको कार्यान्वयन र एकीकृत स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रणालीको कार्यान्वयन गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता पनि रहेको छ। पार्टीले २०४६ देखि विभिन्न पदमा रहेका सबै सार्वजनिक अधिकारीहरूको सम्पत्ति अनुसन्धानलाई गर्ने जनाएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=यस्तो छ रास्वपाको बाचापत्र (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://nepallive.com/story/344411/ |access-date=२०८२ माघ ६ |website=नेपाल लाइभ}}</ref> === राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी === कमल थापा नेतृत्वको [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी नेपाल]] यसमा एकीकरण भएको थियो र चुनावअघि राजतन्त्र समर्थक मतलाई बलियो बनाएको थियो। पार्टीले सबै १६५ निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवार उठाएको थियो, तर यसले [[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] र [[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] बाट आफ्नो उम्मेदवारी फिर्ता लिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=RPP candidate Karvika Thapa withdraws candidacy from Rupandehi-2 over US PR issue |url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2026/23/517458/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Khabarhub |language=en}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा [[संवैधानिक राजतन्त्र]] पुनर्वाहल गर्ने, धार्मिक स्वतन्त्रता साथ सनातन हिन्दु राज्यको पुनर्स्थापना, केन्द्रीय सरकार र बलियो, गैर-पक्षपाती स्थानीय सरकारहरू मिलेर बनेको दुई-स्तरीय शासन संरचनाको पक्षमा सङ्घीय प्रणालीलाई खारेज गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०४६|२०४६]] पछि सार्वजनिक पदधारी र निजामती कर्मचारीहरूको सम्पत्तिको अनुसन्धान गर्न नागरिक आयोग गठन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रको "सुधार ३.०" आर्थिक नीतिले पार्टी-सम्बद्ध ट्रेड युनियनहरू विघटन गर्ने, प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियालाई सुव्यवस्थित गर्ने, र विदेशी लगानीलाई प्रोत्साहित गर्न कर प्रणाली र कानुनहरूमा सुधार गर्ने लगायतका निजी-समर्थक व्यापार सुधारहरूमा जोड दिएको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा जलविद्युत उत्पादन विस्तार, सरकारी विद्यालयमा निःशुल्क आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा र प्राथमिक तथा माध्यमिक शिक्षा, र पाहाडी तथा पर्वतीय क्षेत्रमा उच्च मूल्यको कृषि तथा जडिबुटी औषधि उद्योगका लागि अनुदानको माग गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=राप्रपाको संकल्प-पत्र : प्रदेश खारेजी, बन्दहडताल नगर्ने [पूर्णपाठ] |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2026/02/14/rpps-resolution-no-province-abolition-no-strike-24-32.html |access-date=२०८२ फागुन २ |website=कान्तिपुर|language=ne}}</ref> === जनता समाजवादी पार्टी नेपाल === [[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]], [[तराई-मधेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|तराई मादेश लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] र [[जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी (नेपाल)|जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी]] मनोनयनको समयसीमा अघि नै पार्टीमा विलय भएको थियो। पार्टीले २०८२ माघ १२ मा सङ्घीय संरचनालाई सुदृढ पार्ने कुरामा केन्द्रित २७-बुँदे घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो। यसले जातीय पहिचान सुनिश्चित गर्न उच्च-स्तरीय राज्य पुनर्गठन आयोगको प्रतिवेदनको आधारमा "१०+१" सङ्घीय मोडेल कार्यान्वयन गर्ने वकालत गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा माधेश र जनजाति आन्दोलनहरूको माग, साथै जेनजी विरोधलाई समावेश गर्दै संवैधानिक संशोधनको आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[राष्ट्रपतीय प्रणाली|राष्ट्रपति प्रणाली]], गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय चुनाव, [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]] समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व, र [[दलित]] र महिलाका लागि आरक्षित निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा परिवर्तन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा युवा बेरोजगारी बीमाको कार्यान्वयन, जनसङ्ख्या र मानव विकास सूचकहरूमा आधारित विकेन्द्रीकृत बजेट विनियोजन, र नेपालका सबै भाषाहरूको आधिकारिक प्रयोगको प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जसपा नेपालले सार्वजनिक गर्‍याे २७ बुँदे घाेषणापत्र |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/539925/janata-samajwadi-party-nepal-releases-27-point-manifesto |access-date=२०८२ माघ १३ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी === यो पार्टी [[नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]का नेताहरूद्वारा गठन गरिएको थियो जसले पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री [[बाबुराम भट्टराई]] र [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]]का पूर्व प्रमुख सचेतक सन्तोष परियारको नेतृत्वमा रहेको नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी (नयाँ शक्ति) सँगसँगै नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको गठनमा असहमति जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maoists and other groups merge, launch Pragatisheel Loktantrik Party |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2025/11/23/pragatisheel-loktantrik-party-formally-announced |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> पार्टी पश्चिमी रुकुममा [[जनार्दन शर्मा]] समर्थनको बदलामा [[कर्णाली प्रदेश|कर्णाली]] अधिकांश निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा [[नेकपा (एमाले)]] उम्मेद्वारहरूलाई अनौपचारिक रूपमा समर्थन गर्न सहमत भएको थियो। पार्टीले [[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालीकोट १]] आफ्नो उम्मेदवार फिर्ता लिने र [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)]] उम्मेदवार [[खड्गबहादुर विश्वकर्मा]]लाई समर्थन गर्ने निर्णय पनि गरेको छ। बाबुराम भट्टाराईले पनि गोर्खा २ बाट आफ्नो उम्मेद्वार फिर्ता लिएका थिए। पार्टीले पछि [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] दुई निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसलाई समर्थन गर्ने निर्णय गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोरखामा बाबुराम आबद्ध प्रलोपाले कांग्रेसलाई सघाउने |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/02/1880392/baburam-affiliated-pralopa-to-support-congress-in-gorkha |access-date=२०८२ फागुन १६ |website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> पार्टीको घोषणापत्रमा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[राष्ट्रपतीय प्रणाली|राष्ट्रपति प्रणाली]], प्रदेश प्रमुखहरूका लागि प्रत्यक्ष चुनाव र पूर्ण [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली]] परिवर्तनको आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले सङ्घीय संसदलाई विधायी कर्तव्यहरूमा सीमित गर्ने र कार्यकारी प्रमुखद्वारा छनोट गरिएको मन्त्रिपरिषद् गठन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा कार्यपालिकाको नेतृत्वमा राष्ट्रिय विकास प्राधिकरण गठन गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले माध्यमिक तहसम्म निःशुल्क शिक्षा, निःशुल्क आधारभूत स्वास्थ्य सेवा र एकीकृत सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रणालीको पनि प्रस्ताव गरेको छ। पार्टीले २१ देखि ३० वर्षका व्यक्तिहरूलाई १०० दिनको रोजगारी वा बेरोजगारी लाभमा बराबर प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा विदेशमा रहेका नेपालीहरूलाई अस्वीकार गर्ने अधिकार र फिर्ता बोलाउने अधिकार र मतदान गर्ने अधिकार पेस गर्न आह्वान गरिएको थियो। यसले प्रगतिशील करलाई समर्थन गर्दै प्रवासी नेपालीहरू र कृषि बिमा लगायत विदेशी लगानीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरेको थियो। यसले तीन पुस्तासम्मका नेपाली आप्रवासीका सन्तानलाई वंशद्वारा नागरिकता प्रदान गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रलोपाद्वारा घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक, प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति र पूर्ण समानुपातिक प्रणालीमा जोड (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/544195/pralopa-releases-manifesto-emphasizes-directly-elected-president-and-fully-proportional-system-with-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ७ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> === उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी === पार्टी चुनावको घोषणा पछि गठन भएको थियो। [[सुशीला कार्कीको अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०८२|अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]का मन्त्रीका रूपमा कार्यरत रहेका [[कुलमान घिसिङ]] २०८२ पुस २३ मा राजीनामा दिएर पार्टीमा सामेल भएका थिए। पार्टीले [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] विलय गर्ने सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो, तर सम्झौता पछि तोडिएको थियो। पार्टीले दुई दललाई एकताबद्ध गर्न [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी|राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]]सँग सम्झौता गरेको छ। पार्टीको सूची पेस गर्न मनोनयनको समयसीमा सकिएपछि उज्जयालो नेपालका सदस्यहरू समावेस गर्न परिवर्तनको पार्टी सूची परिमार्जन गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ujyalo Nepal Party submits updated PR list under Rastriya Pariwartan Party |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/165774/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=सेतोपाटी}}</ref> २०८२ फागुन ३ मा पार्टीले आफ्नो चुनावी घोषणापत्र जारी गरेको थियो, जसको उद्देश्य "विकास दशक" हो। पार्टीले प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित [[मुख्यमन्त्री (नेपाल)|मुख्यमन्त्री]] र गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण स्थानीय चुनावहरूसँगै सङ्घीय विधायकहरूलाई २०१ र प्रदेश सभा सदस्यहरूलाई ३३० मा घटाउने वकालत गर्दै प्रशासनको आकार घटाउने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो। यसले मतपत्र अस्वीकार गर्ने र अनुपस्थित हुने अधिकारको परिचय गराउने प्रस्ताव पनि गरेको थियो। घोषणापत्रमा विश्वविद्यालयको निःशुल्क शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सेवा, गाँजा र स्थानीय रक्सीको व्यापारिक ब्रान्डिङ गरी जैविक खेतीको निर्यात र प्रवर्द्धन गर्ने प्रस्ताव पनि गरिएको थियो। पार्टीले प्राथमिक बजार मूल्यमा प्रत्येक घरलाई जलविद्युत स्टकको १,००० सेयरको सुनिश्चिता गर्दै नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा विस्तारमा पनि ध्यान केन्द्रित गरेको थियो। यसले राजनीतिक रूपमा सम्बद्ध ट्रेड युनियनहरूको उन्मूलन गर्ने प्रस्ताव गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टीको घोषणापत्र सार्वजनिक, प्रदेशमा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित मुख्यमन्त्रीदेखि ९ लाख रोजगारीको बाचासम्म (पूर्णपाठसहित) |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/544187/ujjaya-nepal-partys-manifesto-made-public-from-directly-elected-chief-minister-in-the-province-to-the-promise-of-900000-jobs-with-full-text |access-date=२०८२ फागुन ७ |website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> == उम्मेदवारहरू == === दलहरू === [[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] ले २१ फागुन २०८२ का लागि हुने चुनाव लड्न चाहने राजनीतिक दलहरूलाई १० मङ्सिर २०८२ भित्र दर्ता गर्न आह्वान गरेको थियो। निर्वाचन लड्नका लागि आयोगसँग १२० राजनीतिक दल दर्ता भएका थिए भने ६८ दलले मात्रै उम्मेदवार मैदानमा उतारेका थिए। ६४ दलहरूले समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली अन्तर्गत बन्द सूचीहरू पेश गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=A total of 120 parties seek to contest March 5 elections |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2025/12/01/a-total-of-120-parties-seek-to-contest-march-5-elections |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=The Kathmandu Post |language=English}}</ref> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |+ एउटै निर्वाचन चिन्ह अन्तर्गत कम्तीमा ५० क्षेत्रमा उम्मेदवारी दिएका दलहरू ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |दल ! colspan="2" |चिन्ह ! rowspan="2" |विचारधारा ! rowspan="2" |नेता ! rowspan="2" |नेताको निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! rowspan="2" |प्रतिस्पर्धा गरिएका सिटहरू ! rowspan="2" |पुरुष उम्मेदवार ! rowspan="2" |महिला उम्मेदवार |- !प्रत्यक्ष !समानुपातिक |- | {{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Tree.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[तेस्रो मार्ग]] |[[गगन थापा]] |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |१६५ |१५४ |११ |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|shortname=नेकपा (एमाले)}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Sun.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]]<br>[[जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद]] |[[केपी शर्मा ओली]] |[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] |१६४ |१५४ |१० |- | {{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Star.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]] |[[पुष्प कमल दाहाल]] |[[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पूर्वी रुकुम १]] |१६४ |१५२ |१२ |- | {{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Bell no cirlce.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[प्रगतिशील उदारवाद]] |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |[[चितवन २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|चितवन २]] |१६३ |१४८ |१६ |- | {{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Plow.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[संवैधानिक राजतन्त्रवाद]]<br>[[आर्थिक उदारवाद]]<br>[[हिन्दु राष्ट्रवाद]] |[[राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]] |[[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] |१६३ |१५५ |८ |- | {{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Umbrella full.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]] |[[उपेन्द्र यादव]] |[[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] |९४ |८६ |८ |- | {{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Horn.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]]<br>[[मधेशी]] हित |[[सिके राउत]] |[[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] |६१ |५७ |४ |- | {{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese_Election_Symbol_Eye.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद]]<br>[[प्रगतिशील समाजवाद]] |[[दुर्गा सोब]] |पार्टी सूची |८२ |८० |२ |- |{{party name with color|नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[जुचे]]<br>[[माओवाद]] |[[नारायणमान बिजुक्छे]] |''प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेनन्'' |१२० |६६ |५४ |- |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:RaJaMo.png|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद]] |[[चित्रबहादुर केसी]] |पार्टी सूची |७० |६१ |९ |- | {{party color cell|उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी|rowspan=2}} | [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] |[[File:Simple light bulb graphic.png|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] |[[File:Nepalese election symbol flute.jpg|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] |[[सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]]<br>[[प्रगतिवाद]] |[[कुलमान घिसिङ]] |[[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] |१०५ |९९ |६ |- |[[राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]] | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese election symbol flute.jpg|class=skin-invert|center|45x45px]] | |राजेश पोर्तेल |पार्टी सूची |१७ |१५ |२ |- |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Rose.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[मार्क्सवाद–लेनिनवाद–माओवाद]] |[[नेत्रविक्रम चन्द]] |''प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेनन्'' |१३० |१२६ |४ |- |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Nepalese Election Symbol Soil in Hands.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[हरित राजनीति]]<br>[[स्थानीयतावाद]]<br>[[कृषि केन्द्रित राजनीति]] |[[हर्कराज राई]] |[[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] |१०९ |१०२ |७ |- |{{party name with color|मङ्गोल नेसनल अर्गनाइजेसन|full=y}} | colspan="2" |[[File:Mongol National Organisation.svg|class=skin-invert|center|60x60px]] |[[धर्मनिरपेक्षता]]<br>[[क्षेत्रीयता]]<br>[[जनजाति]] हित |बुद्धलाल मेचे |[[इलाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम १]] |११३ |९८ |१५ |} {{col-end}} === २०७९-८२ विभिन्न राजनीतिक सम्बद्धता अन्तर्गत चुनाव लड्ने सांसदहरू === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !निर्गमन सांसद ! colspan="2" |२०७९ को दल !२०७९ को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ! colspan="2" |२०८२ को दल !२०८२ को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र |- |[[कृष्णकुमार श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)}} |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)}} |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |- |[[प्रदीप यादव]] |{{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)}} |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |- |[[वीरेन्द्रप्रसाद महतो]] |{{party name with color|जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |{{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी}} |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |- |[[अब्दुल खान]] |{{party name with color|जनमत पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |{{party name with color|नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल}} |[[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] |- |[[किरणकुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |- |[[सन्तोष परियार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |{{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी}} |पार्टी सूची |- |[[जनार्दन शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)}} |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम रुकुम १]] |{{party name with color|प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी}} |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पश्चिम रुकुम १]] |- |[[अमरेश कुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |- |[[योगेन्द्र मण्डल]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय ऊर्जाशील पार्टी नेपाल|shortname=ऊर्जाशील}} |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |} == २०७९–८२ का पुनःनिर्वाचनमा नउत्रने सांसदहरू == ;नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[रामनाथ अधिकारी]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेसका १० नेताद्वारा निर्वाचन नलड्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538244/10-nepali-congress-leaders-announce-they-will-not-contest-the-election|access-date=2026-01-19|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडू]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडूद्वारा चुनावी मैदान छाड्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/536822/dilendra-prasad-badu-announces-withdrawal-from-the-election-fray|access-date=2026-01-18|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[राजेन्द्र बजगाईं]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोरखा–१ बाट उम्मेदवारी नदिने बजगाईंको घोषणा|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538121/bajgain-announces-not-to-contest-from-gorkha-1|access-date=2026-01-18|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[वीरबहादुर बलायर]] * [[मोहनबहादुर बस्नेत]] * [[सन्तोष चालिसे]] * [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=शेरबहादुर देउवा आगामी प्रतिनिधिसभा निर्वाचनमा उम्मेदवार नहुने|url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/538435/sher-bahadur-deuba-will-not-be-a-candidate-in-the-upcoming-house-of-representatives-elections|access-date=2026-01-19|website=रातोपाटी|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[श्यामकुमार घिमिरे]] * [[धनराज गुरुङ]] * [[सीता गुरुङ]] * [[विष्णुकुमार कार्की]] * [[राजेन्द्रकुमार केसी]]<ref name=":02" /> * [[दीपक खड्का]] * [[नारायण खड्का]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narayan Khadka asks Nepali Congress to withdraw his name from House candidate recommendation|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2026/17/516453/|access-date=2026-01-17|website=Khabarhub|language=en}}</ref> * [[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का]] * [[रामहरी खतिवडा]] * [[शशाङ्क कोइराला]] * [[डिगबहादुर लिम्बू]] * [[बद्री पाण्डे]]<ref name=":02" /> * [[दिल्लीराज पन्त]] * [[विश्वप्रकाश शर्मा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=कांग्रेस उपसभापति शर्मा उम्मेदवार नबन्ने भएपछि झापा-१ मा नयाँ नाम सिफारिस|url=https://ekantipur.com/koshi-pradesh/2026/01/17/new-name-recommended-in-jhapa-1-after-congress-vice-president-sharma-not-to-run-58-40.html|access-date=2026-01-17|website=कान्तिपुर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[प्रकाशमान सिंह]] * [[पूर्णबहादुर तामाङ]] * [[ऐनबहादुर शाही ठाकुरी]] * [[राजु थापा]] * [[हृदयराम थानी]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=२१ फागुनको चुनाव नलड्ने पूर्वमन्त्री हृदयराम थानीको घोषणा|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2026/01/1849269/former-minister-hridayram-thani-announces-he-will-not-contest-the-february-21-election|access-date=2026-01-17|website=अनलाइन खबर|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[रामकृष्ण यादव]] {{div col end}} ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एमाले) {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[भीम आचार्य]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-17|title=भीम आचार्यले गरे उम्मेदवार नबन्ने घोषणा|url=https://www.nepalpress.com/2026/01/17/684453/bhim-acharya-announces-he-will-not-run-for-office/|access-date=2026-01-18|website=नेपाल प्रेस|language=नेपाली}}</ref> * [[बलराम अधिकारी]] * [[गोकुल बास्कोटा]] * [[महेश बस्नेत]] * [[छविलाल विश्वकर्मा]] * [[विद्या भट्टराई]] * [[योगेश भट्टराई]] * [[वासुदेव घिमिरे]] * [[मङ्गलप्रसाद गुप्ता]] * [[राजकुमार गुप्ता]] * [[मनबहादुर गुरुङ]] * [[वसन्तकुमार नेम्वाङ]] * [[ऋषिकेश पोखरेल]] * [[मनवीर राई]] * [[टोपबहादुर रायमाझी]] * [[कृष्णगोपाल श्रेष्ठ]] * [[हरिप्रसाद उप्रेती]] * [[रामशङ्कर यादव]] {{div col end}} ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) * [[सूर्यमान दोङ]] * [[सुदन किराती]] * छिरिङ दाम्दुल लामा * [[पूर्णबहादुर घर्ती मगर]] * [[रेखा शर्मा]] {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} ;राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी * [[विक्रम पाण्डे]] * [[धवल शमशेर राणा]] ;नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी) * [[भानुभक्त जोशी]] * [[प्रकाश ज्वाला]] * [[शेरबहादुर कुँवर]] {{col-3}} ;जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल * [[नवलकिशोर साह सुडी]] ;जनता समाजवादी पार्टी * [[अशोक राई]] ;लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी * [[महन्थ ठाकुर]] {{col-3}} ;नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी * [[अरुणकुमार चौधरी]] * [[गङ्गा राम चौधरी]] * [[लालवीर चौधरी]] * [[रञ्जिता श्रेष्ठ]] {{col-end}} == नतिजा == {{Election results |image=[[File:House_of_Representatives_Nepal_2026.svg]] | firstround = [[समानुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली|समानुपातिक]] | secondround = [[पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | electorate = 18903689 | electorate2 = 18903689 | party1 = [[राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी]] | votes1 = 5183493 | seats1 = 57 | votes1_2 = 4650697 | seats1_2 = 125 | totseats1 = 182 | sc1 = +१६२ | party2 = [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] | votes2 = 1759172 | seats2 = 20 | votes2_2 = 2008639 | seats2_2 = 18 | totseats2 = 38 | sc2 = -५१ | party3 = [[नेकपा (एमाले)]] | votes3 = 1455885 | seats3 = 16 | votes3_2 = 1623159 | seats3_2 = 9 | totseats3 = 25 | sc3 = -५३ | party4 = [[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] | votes4 = 811577 | seats4 = 9 | votes4_2 = 976016 | seats4_2 = 8 | totseats4 = 17 | sc4 = -२८ | party5 = [[श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी]] | votes5 = 385856 | seats5 = 4 | votes5_2 = 303902 | seats5_2 = 3 | totseats5 = 7 | sc5 = ''नयाँ'' | party6 = [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]] | votes6 = 330684 | seats6 = 4 | votes6_2 = 207270 | seats6_2 = 1 | totseats6 = 5 | sc6 = -९ | party7 = [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल]] | votes7 = 182285 | seats7 = 0 | votes7_2 = 193303 | seats7_2 = 0 | totseats7 = 0 | sc7 = -१२ | party8 = [[राष्ट्रिय परिवर्तन पार्टी]] | votes8 = 172493 | seats8 = 0 | votes8_2 = 10006 | seats8_2 = 0 | totseats8 = 0 | sc8 = ''नयाँ'' | party9 = [[जनमत पार्टी]] | votes9 = 79435 | seats9 = 0 | votes9_2 = 63764 | seats9_2 = 0 | totseats9 = 0 | sc9 = -६ | party10 = [[राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति पार्टी नेपाल]] – [[जनता समाजवादी पार्टी]] – [[नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल]] | votes10 = 62069 | seats10 = 0 | votes10_2 = 50049 | seats10_2 = 0 | totseats10 = 0 | sc10 = ''नयाँ'' | party11 = [[नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी]] | votes11 = 42301 | seats11 = 0 | votes11_2 = 41018 | seats11_2 = 0 | totseats11 = 0 | sc11 = -१ | party12 = राष्ट्र निर्माण दल नेपाल | votes12 = 39577 | seats12 = 0 | votes12_2 = 5030 | seats12_2 = 0 | totseats12 = 0 | sc12 = ''नयाँ'' | party13 = [[राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा]] | votes13 = 29455 | seats13 = 0 | votes13_2 = 24793 | seats13_2 = 0 | totseats13 = 0 | sc13 = -१ | party14 = [[नेपाल सङ्घीय समाजवादी पार्टी]] – बहुजन एकता पार्टी नेपाल – नेपाल जनजागृति पार्टी | votes14 = 29436 | seats14 = 0 | votes14_2 = 10160 | seats14_2 = 0 | totseats14 = 0 | party15 = नेपाल जनता संरक्षण पार्टी | votes15 = 28424 | seats15 = 0 | votes15_2 = 588 | seats15_2 = 0 | totseats15 = 0 | party16 = [[प्रगतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] | votes16 = 24675 | seats16 = 0 | votes16_2 = 24939 | seats16_2 = 0 | totseats16 = 0 | sc16 = ''नयाँ'' | party17 = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)]] | votes17 = 23864 | seats17 = 0 | votes17_2 = 32099 | seats17_2 = 0 | totseats17 = 0 | party18 = [[मङ्गोल नेसनल अर्गनाइजेसन]] | votes18 = 20829 | seats18 = 0 | votes18_2 = 17898 | seats18_2 = 0 | totseats18 = 0 | party19 = [[आम जनता पार्टी]] – [[जनादेश पार्टी]] | votes19 = 19832 | seats19 = 0 | votes19_2 = 19918 | seats19_2 = 0 | totseats19 = 0 | sc19 = ''नयाँ'' | party20 = सर्वभूम नागरिक पार्टी | votes20 = 14887 | seats20 = 0 | votes20_2 = 1716 | seats20_2 = 0 | totseats20 = 0 | party21 = राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति आन्दोलन, नेपाल | votes21 = 10726 | seats21 = 0 | votes21_2 = 569 | seats21_2 = 0 | totseats21 = 0 | party22 = संयुक्त नागरिक पार्टी | votes22 = 9142 | seats22 = 0 | votes22_2 = 1866 | seats22_2 = 0 | totseats22 = 0 | party23 = स्वाभिमान पार्टी | votes23 = 8156 | seats23 = 0 | votes23_2 = 11404 | seats23_2 = 0 | totseats23 = 0 | party24 = [[राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टी]] | votes24 = 7210 | seats24 = 0 | votes24_2 = 3599 | seats24_2 = 0 | totseats24 = 0 | party25 = [[नेपाल जनता पार्टी]] | votes25 = 7164 | seats25 = 0 | votes25_2 = 2537 | seats25_2 = 0 | totseats25 = 0 | party26 = राष्ट्रिय एकता दल | votes26 = 7071 | seats26 = 0 | votes26_2 = 1455 | seats26_2 = 0 | totseats26 = 0 | party27 = [[नेकपा (माले)]] | votes27 = 6172 | seats27 = 0 | votes27_2 = | seats27_2 = 0 | totseats27 = 0 | party28 = राष्ट्रिय गौरव पार्टी | votes28 = 5250 | seats28 = 0 | votes28_2 = | seats28_2 = 0 | totseats28 = 0 | party29 = नेसनल रिपब्लिक नेपाल | votes29 = 5161 | seats29 = 0 | votes29_2 = 4862 | seats29_2 = 0 | totseats29 = 0 | sc29 = ''नयाँ'' | party30 = [[गतिशील लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी]] | votes30 = 5101 | seats30 = 0 | votes30_2 = 229 | seats30_2 = 0 | totseats30 = ''नयाँ'' | party31 = नेपालका लागि नेपाली पार्टी | votes31 = 5019 | seats31 = 0 | votes31_2 = 2881 | seats31_2 = 0 | totseats31 = 0 | party32 = नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी मार्क्सवादी (पुष्पलाल) | votes32 = 4832 | seats32 = 0 | votes32_2 = 408 | seats32_2 = 0 | totseats32 = 0 | party33 = [[सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च]] | votes33 = 4681 | seats33 = 0 | votes33_2 = 2129 | seats33_2 = 0 | totseats33 = 0 | party34 = [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (संयुक्त)]] | votes34 = 4515 | seats34 = 0 | votes34_2 = 1680 | seats34_2 = 0 | totseats34 = 0 | party35 = राष्ट्रिय उर्जाशील पार्टी, नेपाल | votes35 = 4321 | seats35 = 0 | votes35_2 = 4304 | seats35_2 = 0 | totseats35 = 0 | party36 = समवेशी समाजवादी पार्टी नेपाल | votes36 = 4284 | seats36 = 0 | votes36_2 = 393 | seats36_2 = 0 | totseats36 = 0 | party37 = नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes37 = 4123 | seats37 = 0 | votes37_2 = 320 | seats37_2 = 0 | totseats37 = 0 | party38 = नेपाल मातृभूमि पार्टी | votes38 = 3228 | seats38 = 0 | votes38_2 = 23 | seats38_2 = 0 | totseats38 = 0 | party39 = जय मातृभूमि पार्टी | votes39 = 2981 | seats39 = 0 | votes39_2 = 707 | seats39_2 = 0 | totseats39 = 0 | party40 = राष्ट्रिय जनता पार्टी नेपाल | votes40 = 2936 | seats40 = 0 | votes40_2 = 13 | seats40_2 = 0 | totseats40 = 0 | party41 = [[बहुजन शक्ति पार्टी]] | votes41 = 2775 | seats41 = 0 | votes41_2 = 354 | seats41_2 = 0 | totseats41 = 0 | party42 = प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी नेपाल | votes42 = 2246 | seats42 = 0 | votes42_2 = 37 | seats42_2 = 0 | totseats42 = 0 | party43 = नेपाल जनमुक्ति पार्टी | votes43 = 2172 | seats43 = 0 | votes43_2 = 835 | seats43_2 = 0 | totseats43 = 0 | party44 = जनअधिकार पार्टी | votes44 = 2117 | seats44 = 0 | votes44_2 = 544 | seats44_2 = 0 | totseats44 = 0 | party45 = [[नेपाल सद्भावना पार्टी]] | votes45 = 2018 | seats45 = 0 | votes45_2 = 109 | seats45_2 = 0 | totseats45 = 0 | party46 = पिपुल्स फर्स्ट पार्टी | votes46 = 1800 | seats46 = 0 | votes46_2 = 369 | seats46_2 = 0 | totseats46 = 0 | party47 = नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस (वि.पी.) | votes47 = 1788 | seats47 = 0 | votes47_2 = | seats47_2 = 0 | totseats47 = 0 | party48 = नागरिक शक्ति, नेपाल | votes48 = 1733 | seats48 = 0 | votes48_2 = | seats48_2 = 0 | totseats48 = 0 | party49 = नेपाली जनश्रमदान संस्कृति पार्टी | votes49 = 1639 | seats49 = 0 | votes49_2 = 172 | seats49_2 = 0 | totseats49 = 0 | party50 = [[नेपाली जनता दल]] | votes50 = 1454 | seats50 = 0 | votes50_2 = 256 | seats50_2 = 0 | totseats50 = 0 | party51 = समवेशी समाजवादी पार्टी | votes51 = 1397 | seats51 = 0 | votes51_2 = 234 | seats51_2 = 0 | totseats51 = 0 | party52 = जनता लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी, नेपाल | votes52 = 1303 | seats52 = 0 | votes52_2 = 77 | seats52_2 = 0 | totseats52 = 0 | party53 = सचेत नेपाली पार्टी–नागरिक सर्वोत्कृष्ट पार्टी नेपाल | votes53 = 1132 | seats53 = 0 | votes53_2 = 120 | seats53_2 = 0 | totseats53 = 0 | party54 = जनप्रिय लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes54 = 955 | seats54 = 0 | votes54_2 = | seats54_2 = 0 | totseats54 = 0 | party55 = मितेरी पार्टी नेपाल | votes55 = 772 | seats55 = 0 | votes55_2 = 383 | seats55_2 = 0 | totseats55 = 0 | party56 = उन्नत लोकतन्त्र पार्टी | votes56 = 730 | seats56 = 0 | votes56_2 = | seats56_2 = 0 | totseats56 = 0 | party57 = त्रिमूल नेपाल | votes57 = 694 | seats57 = 0 | votes57_2 = 16 | seats57_2 = 0 | totseats57 = 0 | party58 = [[उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी]] | votes58 = | seats58 = 0 | votes58_2 = 115975 | seats58_2 = 0 | totseats58 = 0 | sc58 = ''नयाँ'' | party59 = राष्ट्रिय जनमत पार्टी | votes59 = | seats59 = 0 | votes59_2 = 953 | seats59_2 = 0 | totseats59 = 0 | sc59 = | party60 = नेपाल मानवतावादी पार्टी | votes60 = | seats60 = 0 | votes60_2 = 949 | seats60_2 = 0 | totseats60 = 0 | sc60 = | party61 = राष्ट्रिय साझा पार्टी | votes61 = | seats61 = 0 | votes61_2 = 191 | seats61_2 = 0 | totseats61 = 0 | sc61 = | party62 = नेपाल जनसेवा पार्टी | votes62 = | seats62 = 0 | votes62_2 = 159 | seats62_2 = 0 | totseats62 = 0 | sc62 = | party63 = संयुक्त नेपाल प्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी | votes63 = | seats63 = 0 | votes63_2 = 32 | seats63_2 = 0 | totseats63 = 0 | sc63 = | party64 = ऐतिहासिक जनता पार्टी | votes64 = | seats64 = 0 | votes64_2 = 18 | seats64_2 = 0 | totseats64 = 0 | sc64 = | party65 = नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी) | votes65 = | seats65 = 0 | votes65_2 = 16 | seats65_2 = 0 | totseats65 = 0 | sc65 = | party66 = राष्ट्रिय नागरिक पार्टी | votes66 = | seats66 = 0 | votes66_2 = 12 | seats66_2 = 0 | totseats66 = 0 | sc66 = | party67 = गान्धीवादी पार्टी नेपाल | votes67 = | seats67 = 0 | votes67_2 = 4 | seats67_2 = 0 | totseats67 = 0 | sc67 = | party68 = स्वतन्त्र | votes68 = | seats68 = 0 | votes68_2 = 102996 | seats68_2 = 1 | totseats68 = 1 | sc68 = -२ | total_votes = 10781714 | total_votes2 = 10781714 | total_seats = 110 | total_seats2 = 165 | source = निर्वाचन आयोग [https://result.election.gov.np/PRVoteChartResult2082.aspx प्रत्यक्ष] [https://result.election.gov.np/FPTPWLChartResult2082.aspx समानुपातिक] }} {| class="wikitable sortable" |{{Switcher | [[File:Nepal PR District 2026.svg|780px]] | जिल्ला अनुसार दलको सूचीको मत परिणाम | [[File:Nepal PR Constituency 2026.svg|780px]] | निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसार दलको सूचीको मत परिणाम }} |} === निर्वाचन क्षेत्र अनुसारको नतिजा === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="line-height:14px; font-size: 0.9em;" ![[नेपालका संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] !निर्वाचित सांसदहरू !colspan="2"|दल |- |[[अछाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम १]] |[[भरतकुमार स्वाँर]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[अछाम २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम २]] |[[यज्ञबहादुर बोगटी]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[अर्घाखाँची १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अर्घाखाँची १]] |[[हरिप्रसाद भुसाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बागलुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ १]] |[[सुशील खड्का]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ २]] |[[सोम शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बैतडी १]] |[[हरिमोहन भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बझाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बझाङ १]] |[[ऐनबहादुर महर]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[बाजुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाजुरा १]] |[[जनकराज गिरी]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[बाँके १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके १]] |[[सुरेशकुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बाँके २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके २]] |[[मोहम्मद इश्तियाक राई]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[बाँके ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके ३]] |[[खगेन्द्र सुनार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा १]] |[[गणेश धिमाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा २]] |[[चन्दनकुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ३]] |[[अरविन्द साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] |[[रहवर अन्सारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] |[[ठाकुर सिंह थारु]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[बर्दिया २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया २]] |[[श्रीधर पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भक्तपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर १]] |[[रुकेश रञ्जित]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भक्तपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर २]] |[[राजीव खत्री]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[भोजपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भोजपुर १]] |[[ध्रुवराज राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन १]] |[[हरि ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन २]] |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[चितवन ३]] |[[सोविता गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[डडेल्धुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|डडेल्धुरा १]] |[[ताराप्रसाद जोशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दैलेख १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख १]] |[[बासना थापा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[दैलेख २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख २]] |[[लक्ष्मीप्रसाद पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[दाङ १]] |[[देवराज पाठक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दाङ २]] |[[विपिनकुमार आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दाङ ३]] |[[कमल सुवेदी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दार्चुला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दार्चुला १]] |[[गणेश सिंह ठगुन्ना]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[धादिङ १]] |[[आसिका तामाङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धादिङ २]] |[[बोधनारायण श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनकुटा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनकुटा १]] |[[राजेन्द्रकुमार राई]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[धनुषा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा १]] |[[मातृकाप्रसाद यादव]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा २]] |[[रामविनोद शाह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ३]] |[[मनिष झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[धनुषा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ४]] |[[राजकिशोर महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[दोलखा १]] |[[जगदीश खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[डोल्पा १]] |[[धन बहादुर बुढा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[डोटी १]] |[[भरतबहादुर खड्का]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[गोरखा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गोरखा १]] |[[सधन गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गोरखा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गोरखा २]] |[[कविन्द्र बुर्लाकोटी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गुल्मी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी १]] |[[सागर ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[गुल्मी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी २]] |[[गोविन्द पन्थी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[हुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|हुम्ला १]] |[[जयपति रोकाया]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[इलाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम १]] |[[निश्चल राई]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[इलाम २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|इलाम २]] |[[सुहाङ नेम्वाङ]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[जाजरकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जाजरकोट १]] |[[खड्कबहादुर बुढा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[झापा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा १]] |[[निशा डाँगी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा २]] |[[इन्दिरा राना मगर]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] |[[प्रकाश पाठक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ४]] |[[शम्भुप्रसाद ढकाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] |[[बालेन शाह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[जुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जुम्ला १]] |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र शाही]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली १]] |[[कोमल ज्ञवाली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली २]] |[[केपी खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ३]] |[[जगतप्रसाद जोशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ४]] |[[खेमराज कोइराला]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कैलाली ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ५]] |[[आनन्दबहादुर चन्द]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कालिकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कालिकोट १]] |[[महेन्द्रबहादुर शाही]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर १]] |[[जनक सिंह धामी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर २]] |[[दीपकराज बोहरा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कञ्चनपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर ३]] |[[ज्ञानेन्द्र सिंह महता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु १]] |[[मोहनलाल आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु २]] |[[विक्रम थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कपिलवस्तु ३]] |[[अभिषेक प्रताप शाह]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[कास्की १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की १]] |[[खड्कराज पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कास्की २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की २]] |[[उत्तम पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[कास्की ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की ३]] |[[विना गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १]] |[[रञ्जु दर्शना]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ २]] |[[सुनिल केसी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] |[[राजुनाथ पाण्डे]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] |[[पुकार बम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] |[[सस्मित पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ६]] |[[शिशिर खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ७ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ७]] |[[गणेश पराजुली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ८ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ८]] |[[विराजभक्त श्रेष्ठ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ ९ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ९]] |[[डोलप्रसाद अर्याल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काठमाडौँ १० (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १०]] |[[प्रदीप विष्ट]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] |[[मधुकुमार चौलागाई]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] |[[बदनकुमार भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[खोटाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|खोटाङ १]] |[[आरेन राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर १]] |[[बुद्धरत्न महर्जन]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर २]] |[[जगदीश खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ललितपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर ३]] |[[तोसिमा कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] |[[धर्मराज केसी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी १]] |[[प्रमोदकुमार महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी २]] |[[दीपककुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ३]] |[[उज्ज्वलकुमार झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[महोत्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ४]] |[[गौरी कुमारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मकवानपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर १]] |[[प्रकाश गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मकवानपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर २]] |[[प्रशान्त उप्रेती]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मनाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मनाङ १]] |[[टेकबहादुर गुरुङ]] |{{party name with color |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[मोरङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ १]] |[[यज्ञमणि न्यौपाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ २]] |[[कृष्णकुमार कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ३]] |[[गणेश कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ४]] |[[सन्तोष राजवंशी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] |[[आशा झा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मोरङ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ६]] |[[रुविना आचार्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[मुगु १]] |[[खड्ग शाही]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[मुस्ताङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मुस्ताङ १]] |[[योगेश गौचन थकाली]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[म्याग्दी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|म्याग्दी १]] |[[महावीर पुन]] |{{party name with color|स्वतन्त्र}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १]] |[[राजन गौतम]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २]] |[[मनिष खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नुवाकोट १]] |[[विक्रम तिमिल्सिना]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नुवाकोट २]] |[[अच्युतम लामिछाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ओखलढुङ्गा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ओखलढुङ्गा १]] |[[विश्वरोज पोखरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पाल्पा १]] |[[सन्दीप राना]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[पाल्पा २]] |[[माधवबहादुर थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पाँचथर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाँचथर १]] |[[नरेन्द्र केरुङ]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १]] |[[विक्रम खनाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २]] |[[नरेन्द्रकुमार गुप्ता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्वत १]] |[[सागर भुसाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] |[[बुद्धिप्रसाद पन्त]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा २]] |[[सुशीलकुमार कानु]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ३]] |[[रमाकान्त चौरासिया]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[पर्सा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ४]] |[[टेकबहादुर शाक्य]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[प्युठान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|प्युठान १]] |[[सुशान्त वैदिक]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रामेछाप १]] |[[कृष्णहरि बुढाथोकी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रसुवा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रसुवा १]] |[[मोहन आचार्य]] |{{party name with color |नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] |[[राजेशकुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] |[[मोहम्मद फिरदोश आलम]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[रौतहट ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ३]] |[[रविन्द्र पटेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रौतहट ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ४]] |[[गणेश पौडेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रोल्पा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रोल्पा १]] |[[वर्षमान पुन]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[पूर्वी रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुकुम पूर्व १]] |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[पश्चिम रुकुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुकुम पश्चिम १]] |[[गोपाल शर्मा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही १]] |[[सुनिल लम्साल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] |[[सुलभ खरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ३]] |[[लेखजङ्ग थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ४]] |[[कन्हैया बनिया]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[रुपन्देही ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ५]] |[[तौफिक अहमद खान]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सल्यान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सल्यान १]] |[[रमेशकुमार मल्ल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[सङ्खुवासभा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सङ्खुवासभा १]] |[[अर्जुनकुमार कार्की]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[सप्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी १]] |[[पुष्पाकुमारी चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] |[[रामजी यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] |[[अमरकान्त चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सप्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ४]] |[[सिताराम साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही १]] |[[नीतिमा भण्डारी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही २]] |[[रविन महतो]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ३]] |[[नरेन्द्र साह कलवार]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] |[[अमरेशकुमार सिंह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली १]] |[[धनेन्द्र कार्की]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली २]] |[[आशिष गजुरेल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक १]] |[[भारतप्रसाद पराजुली]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिन्धुपाल्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक २]] |[[युवराज दुलाल]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा १]] |[[बब्लु गुप्ता]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा २]] |[[शिवशङ्कर यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ३]] |[[शम्भुकुमार यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] |[[तापेश्वर यादव]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सोलुखुम्बु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सोलुखुम्बु १]] |[[प्रकाश सिंह कार्की]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] |[[हर्कराज राई]] |{{party name with color|श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी २]] |[[लालविक्रम थापा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ३]] |[[अशोककुमार चौधरी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुनसरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ४]] |[[दीपककुमार साह]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[सुर्खेत १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत १]] |[[विष्णुबहादुर खड्का]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[सुर्खेत २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत २]] |[[रमेशकुमार सापकोटा]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[स्याङ्जा १]] |[[धनञ्जय रेग्मी]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[स्याङ्जा २]] |[[छविलाल डुम्रे]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[तनहुँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ १]] |[[स्वर्णिम वाग्ले]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[तनहुँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ २]] |[[श्रीराम न्यौपाने]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[ताप्लेजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ताप्लेजुङ १]] |[[क्षितिज थेवे]] |{{party name with color|नेकपा (एमाले)}} |- |[[तेह्रथुम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तेह्रथुम १]] |[[सन्तोष सुब्बा]] |{{party name with color|नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस}} |- |[[उदयपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर १]] |[[परशमणि गेलाल]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- |[[उदयपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर २]] |[[सूर्यबहादुर तामाङ]] |{{party name with color|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}} |- !colspan="4"|स्रोत:निर्वाचन आयोग<ref name="NepalElectionCommissionFPTP">{{Cite web |title=निर्वाचन आयोग |url=https://result.election.gov.np/FPTPWLChartResult2082.aspx |date=6 March 2026 |access-date=6 March 2026 |work=[[निर्वाचन आयोग (नेपाल)|निर्वाचन आयोग]] |url-status=live |archive-date=6 March 2026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/MjEls}}</ref> |} == उल्लेखनीय हारहरू == ;निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू * [[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] – [[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) * [[केपी शर्मा ओली]] – [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) '''निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व उपप्रधानमन्त्रीहरू''' *[[ईश्वर पोखरेल]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) *[[कमल थापा]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी|राप्रपा]]) '''निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू''' *[[गगन कुमार थापा]] - [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) *[[प्रदीप पौडेल]] - [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) *[[पृथ्वी सुब्बा गुरुङ]] - [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) ;निर्वाचनमा पराजित पूर्व मुख्यमन्त्रीहरू * [[कुलप्रसाद केसी]] – [[दाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ १]] ([[स्वतन्त्र (राजनीतिज्ञ)|स्वतन्त्र]]) * [[पृथ्वी सुब्बा गुरुङ]] – [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) * [[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद पाण्डे]] – [[धादिङ १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) * [[सतिशकुमार सिंह]] – [[सप्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी २]] (स्वाभिमान पार्टी) * [[शङ्कर पोखरेल]] – [[दाङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ २]] ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी–लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]]) * [[त्रिलोचन भट्ट]] – [[डोटी १]] ([[नेपाली कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|नेकपा]]) == सिट परिवर्तन भएका क्षेत्रहरू == {{col-begin}} {{col-4}} ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट रास्वपामा (३८) * [[बाँके ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके ३]] * [[भक्तपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर २]] * [[डडेल्धुरा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|डडेल्धुरा १]] * [[दाङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ ३]] * [[धनुषा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा २]] * [[धादिङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धादिङ २]] * [[गुल्मी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी १]] * [[झापा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा १]] * [[कैलाली ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ४]] * [[कैलाली ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ५]] * [[कञ्चनपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर २]] * [[कञ्चनपुर ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर ३]] * [[कपिलवस्तु २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु २]] * [[काठमाडौँ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १]] * [[काठमाडौँ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ३]] * [[काठमाडौँ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ४]] * [[काठमाडौँ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ५]] * [[काठमाडौँ १० (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ १०]] * [[ललितपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर १]] * [[मोरङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ १]] * [[मोरङ ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ३]] * [[मोरङ ६ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ६]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) १|नवलपुर १]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पूर्व) २|नवलपुर २]] * [[नुवाकोट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|नुवाकोट २]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) १]] * [[ओखलढुङ्गा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ओखलढुङ्गा १]] * [[पर्सा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा २]] * [[पर्सा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ४]] * [[रौतहट ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ४]] * [[सप्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ३]] * [[सप्तरी ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी ४]] * [[सिन्धुली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली १]] * [[सुर्खेत २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुर्खेत २]] * [[स्याङ्जा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|स्याङ्जा १]] * [[स्याङ्जा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|स्याङ्जा २]] * [[तनहुँ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|तनहुँ २]] * [[उदयपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर १]] ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट एमालेमा (२) * [[दैलेख २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख २]] * [[दार्चुला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दार्चुला १]] ;काङ्ग्रेसबाट स्वतन्त्रमा (१) * [[म्याग्दी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|म्याग्दी १]] {{col-4}} ;एमालेबाट रास्वपामा (३३) * [[अर्घाखाँची १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अर्घाखाँची १]] * [[बैतडी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बैतडी १]] * [[बाँके १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके १]] * [[बारा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा १]] * [[बारा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ३]] * [[धनुषा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ३]] * [[धनुषा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धनुषा ४]] * [[गुल्मी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|गुल्मी २]] * [[झापा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ४]] * [[झापा ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ५]] * [[कञ्चनपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कञ्चनपुर १]] * [[कपिलवस्तु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु १]] * [[काठमाडौँ ९ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काठमाडौँ ९]] * [[कास्की १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की १]] * [[कास्की २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की २]] * [[कास्की ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कास्की ३]] * [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक २]] * [[ललितपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|ललितपुर २]] * [[लमजुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|लमजुङ १]] * [[महोत्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी १]] * [[मकवानपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर २]] * [[मोरङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ २]] * [[पाल्पा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाल्पा २]] * [[पर्वत १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्वत १]] * [[पर्सा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा ३]] * [[प्युठान १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|प्युठान १]] * [[रुपन्देही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही १]] * [[रुपन्देही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही २]] * [[रुपन्देही ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ५]] * [[सर्लाही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ३]] * [[सिराहा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ३]] * [[सुनसरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी ३]] * [[उदयपुर २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|उदयपुर २]] ;एमालेबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (४) * [[कपिलवस्तु ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कपिलवस्तु ३]] * [[पाँचथर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पाँचथर]] * [[रौतहट २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट २]] * [[सोलुखुम्बु १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सोलुखुम्बु]] {{col-4}} ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट रास्वपामा (८) * [[बागलुङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ २]] * [[दाङ २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ २]] * [[दोलखा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दोलखा १]] * [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक १]] * [[मोरङ ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ४]] * [[सर्लाही २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही २]] * [[सिन्धुली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुली २]] * [[सिन्धुपाल्चोक १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिन्धुपाल्चोक १]] ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (२) * [[जाजरकोट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|जाजरकोट १]] * [[हुम्ला १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|हुम्ला १]] ;माओवादी केन्द्रबाट श्रसंपामा (१) * [[खोटाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|खोटाङ १]] ;एकीकृत समाजवादीबाट काङ्ग्रेसमा (३) * [[अछाम १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|अछाम १]] * [[दैलेख १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दैलेख १]] * [[डोटी १]] ;एकिकृत समाजवादीबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[बारा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा ४]] * [[दाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|दाङ १]] * [[धादिङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|धादिङ १]] * [[रौतहट १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट १]] ;एकिकृत समाजवादीबाट एमालेमा (१) * [[बझाङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बझाङ १]] ;नागरिक उन्मुक्तिबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[बर्दिया १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बर्दिया १]] * [[कैलाली १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली १]] * [[कैलाली २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली २]] * [[कैलाली ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|कैलाली ३]] {{col-4}} ;राप्रपाबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[झापा ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|झापा ३]] * [[मकवानपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मकवानपुर १]] * [[नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) २|नवलपरासी २]] * [[रुपन्देही ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ३]] ;राप्रपाबाट एमालेमा (१) * [[बाँके २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बाँके २]] ;लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादीबाट रास्वपामा (४) * [[महोत्तरी २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी २]] * [[महोत्तरी ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|महोत्तरी ३]] * [[रुपन्देही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रुपन्देही ४]] * [[सर्लाही १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही १]] ;जसपा-नेपालबाट रास्वपामा (२) * [[बारा २ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बारा २]] * [[सप्तरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सप्तरी १]] * [[सिराहा ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सिराहा ४]] ;जसपाबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[पर्सा १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|पर्सा १]] ;जसपाबाट श्रसंपामा (१) * [[सुनसरी १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सुनसरी १]] ;नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टीबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[भक्तपुर १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|भक्तपुर १]] ;जनमोर्चाबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[बागलुङ १ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|बागलुङ १]] ;आम जनता पार्टीबाट रास्वपामा (१) * [[रौतहट ३ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|रौतहट ३]] ;स्वतन्त्रबाट रास्वपामा (२) * [[मोरङ ५ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|मोरङ ५]] * [[सर्लाही ४ (निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|सर्लाही ४]] {{col-end}} ‍‍ == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिक्रिया == *{{झण्डा|भुटान}}: प्रधानमन्त्री [[छिरिङ तोब्गे]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमार्फत लामिछाने र शाहलाई बधाई दिएका थिए। उनले नेपाल र भुटानबीचको प्रगाढ मित्रतालाई अझ सुदृढ बनाउने इच्छा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031203990424396101 |user=tsheringtobgay |title=Congratulations to Mr. Balen Shah and Mr. Rabi Lamichhane on your landslide victory in Nepal’s general elections. |first=Tshering |last=Tobgay |author-link=छिरिङ तोब्गे |date=10 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=I look forward to deepening the warm friendship between our two countries.}}</ref> *{{झण्डा|भारत}}: भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]]ले पार्टीको विजयमा रवि लामिछाने र बालेन शाहलाई बधाई दिँदै भारत र नेपालबीचको बलियो सम्बन्धमा जोड दिएका थिए। उनले नयाँ सरकारसँग आपसी समृद्धि, प्रगति र दुवै देशको हितका लागि मिलेर काम गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031028703917166950 |user=narendramodi |title=Congratulated both leaders on their electoral victories and RSP’s resounding success in the Nepal elections. Conveyed my best wishes for their forthcoming new Government and India's commitment to work with them for mutual prosperity, progress and well-being of our two countries. |first=Narendra |last=Modi |author= |author-link=नरेन्द्र मोदी |date=9 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=I am confident that with our joint endeavours, India and Nepal relations will scale new heights in the years ahead.}}</ref> *{{झण्डा|पाकिस्तान}}: प्रधानमन्त्री [[शहबाज सरिफ]]ले सामाजिक सञ्जालमार्फत लामिछाने र शाहलाई बधाई दिएका थिए। उनले ऐतिहासिक मित्रता र सहयोगलाई थप सुदृढ पार्न नेपालको नवनिर्वाचित सरकारसँग मिलेर काम गर्न चाहेको उल्लेख गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2031659899013488916 |user=CMShehbaz |title=My heartiest congratulations to Rabi Lamichhane and Balendra Shah of the Rastriya Swatantra Party on their remarkable victory in the 2026 elections in Nepal. |first=Shehbaz |last=Sharif |author-link=शहबाज सरिफ |date=11 March 2026 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |quote=Pakistan looks forward to working closely with the newly elected Government of Nepal to further strengthen our historic friendship and cooperation.}}</ref> == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[नेपालका राजनीतिक दलहरूको सूची]] * [[नेपालको राजनीति]] * [[प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन, २०७९]] == टिप्पणीहरू == {{notelist}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपालमा भएका निर्वाचनहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका निर्वाचनहरू]] g7x8b5q4hetyz69r5o415lml5nuv7h8 0 147696 1372809 1329939 2026-08-30T19:35:57Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला | other_name = | photo =Bhagirathi Massif.jpg | photo_caption =बायाँ देखि दायाँ वासुकी पर्वत, भागीरथी द्वित्तीय, थतुर्थ, तृतीय र प्रथम | elevation_m = ६८५६ | elevation_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhagirathi Parvat I - Peak Details|url=https://himalayanhigh.in/himalayas/himalayan-resource.aspx?resourceRequested=2000&resource-ResourceID=71|website=Himalayan High|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226052656/https://himalayanhigh.in/himalayas/himalayan-resource.aspx?resourceRequested=2000&resource-ResourceID=71 |date=2019-12-26 }}</ref> | prominence_m = ६७२ | prominence_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhagirathi 1|url=https://peakvisor.com/peak/bhagirathi-1.html|website=PeakVisor|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> | listing = | range = [[गढवाल हिमालय]] | location = [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | map = Uttarakhand | range_coordinates = | map_caption = उत्तराखण्डमा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | map_size = 260 | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|30|51|00|N|79|08|57|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | first_ascent = १९८० मा जापानी अभियानद्वारा गरिएको पहिलो आरोहण। | easiest_route = }} '''भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला''' [[भारत]]को [[उत्तराखण्ड]]मा रहेको गढवाल हिमालयको एक [[हिमशृङ्खला]] हो। यसमा ६८५६ मिटरदेखि ६१९३ मिटरसम्मका चार हिमालहरू छन्। भागीरथी प्रथम शिखर ६,८५६ मिटर वा २२,४९३ फिट अग्लो छ।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Himalayan Index - Results of Search by Name|url=http://www.alpine-club.org.uk/hi/screen2a_2.php|website=www.alpine-club.org.uk|access-date=2020-05-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205163820/http://www.alpine-club.org.uk/hi/screen2a_2.php |date=2016-12-05 }}</ref> यो पहिलो पटक सन् १९८० मा जापानी टोलीले आरोहण गरेको थियो। यो हिमशृङ्खलाको पूर्वी तर्फ चार तर्फ हिमनदीहरूले घेरिएको छ, पश्चिम तर्फ यसको गङ्गोत्री हिमताल यस क्षेत्रको मुख्य हिमनदी हो, उत्तर तर्फ चतुरङ्गी हिमतालले घेरिएको छ र दक्षिण तर्फ स्वच्छन्द हिमतालले घेरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapadia, Harish.|title=Across peaks & passes in Garhwal Himalaya|date=1999|publisher=Indus Publ. Co|isbn=81-7387-097-7|oclc=231871911}}</ref> सम्पूर्ण हिमशृङ्खला र वरपरको क्षेत्र २,३९० वर्ग किलोमिटर (९२० वर्ग माइल) गङ्गोत्री राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज भित्र पर्दछ, जुन भारतको तेस्रो ठुलो [[राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]] हो।<ref>{{cite web |title=The Biggest National Parks in India |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-biggest-national-parks-in-india.html |website=World Atlas |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> गङ्गोत्री राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज धेरै विश्व-स्तरीय पदयात्रीहरूको प्रमुख स्थल हो, जसमा गङ्गोत्री गोमुख तपोवन, [[केदारनाथ मन्दिर|केरदारनाथ]] वासुकी ताल पदयात्रा पर्दछन्। हर की दुन उपत्यका पदयात्रामा समावेश छ। == शब्दको उत्तपत्ति == यस पर्वतको नाम इक्ष्वाकु वंशका प्रख्यात राजा भगीरथको नामबाट राखिएको हो जसले [[गङ्गा नदी]]लाई स्वर्गबाट ​​पृथ्वीमा ल्याएको विश्वास गरिन्छ। उनको प्रयासको सम्झनामा, गङ्गोत्री हिमनदीको थुप्रो "गोमुख"बाट निस्कने मुख्यधारालाई भागीरथी भनिन्छ। == आरोहण इतिहास == भागीरथी प्रथम हिमालको पहिलो आरोहण जापानी अभियान टोलीले सन् १९८० मा यसको दक्षिण-पूर्वी मार्गबाट गरेको थियो। तिनीहरूले आरोहणको लागि लगभग २,००० मिटर डोरी प्रयोग गरेका थिए। दोस्रो आरोहण सन् १९८३ मा मार्टिन मोरन र उनका तीन साथीहरू जोन मदरसेले, चार्ली हर्ड र केभिन फ्लिन्टको नेतृत्वमा रहेको बेलायती टोलीले पश्चिम मार्गबाट गरेको थियो। २१ अगस्टमा, मार्टिन मोरन र चार्ली हर्ड साँझ ४.३० बजेतिर शिखरमा पुगेका थिए। भोलिपल्ट २२ अगस्टमा, चार्ली हर्डको बेहोस अवस्थामा लडेर मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=BHAGIRATHI I EXPEDITION, 1983 : Himalayan Journal vol.40/16|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/40/16/bhagirathi-i-expedition-1983/|website=www.himalayanclub.org|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> भागीरथी द्वितीय सन् १९३३ मा अस्ट्रियाली एडी एल्माउथलर र टोनी मेस्नरले गरेको पहिलो आरोहण थियो। यस चुचुरोमा पहिलो भारतीय सफलता २० अक्टोबर १९६६ मा प्राप्त भएको थियो। गोविन्द राज, अमर रे र दुई शेर्पा, कर्मा र ग्याल्बूले दश घण्टाको कठिन आरोहण पछि शिखरमा चढेका थिए। शिखरबाट फर्कने क्रममा एउटा अनौठो दुर्घटनामा अमर राय र दुई शेर्पा कर्मा र ग्याल्बसको मृत्यु भएको थियो भने गोविन्द राजको शीतदंशले मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHATURANGI EXPEDITION, 1966 : Himalayan Journal vol.27/17|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/27/17/chaturangi-expedition-1966/|website=www.himalayanclub.org|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> भागीरथी तृतीय बेलायतीहरू कोलिन किर्कस र चार्ल्स वारेनले पहिलो पटक सन् १९३३ मा शिखरमा पुगेका थिए। यस शिखरमा भारतीय २० अक्टोबर १९६६ मा पुगेका थिए।<ref>Pallis, Marco (1939) ''Peaks and Lamas''. London: Cassell</ref> जेनेज जेग्लिक र सिल्भो कारोले ७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९० मा यसको सफतलापूर्वक आरोहण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|title=BHAGIRATHI HI, WEST FACE : Himalayan Journal vol.47/12|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/47/12/bhagirathi-hi-west-face/|website=www.himalayanclub.org|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> भागीरथी चतुर्थको पहिलो आरोहण सन् २००९ मा तीन स्लोभेनियाली रोक ब्लागस, लुका लिन्डिक र मार्को प्रेजेल्जले एकै दिनमा भागीरथी चतुर्थको सफतलापूर्वक आरोहण गरेका थिए। पहिलो पटक यो शिखरको आरोहण सोही समयमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trio of New Routes in Indian Himalaya|url=https://www.climbing.com/news/trio-of-new-routes-in-indian-himalaya/|last=MacDonald|first=Dougald|website=Climbing Magazine|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> सन् १९९४ मा मात्जाज जामनिक र सिल्भो कारोले अर्को स्लोभेनियालीहरूले आरोहणको प्रयास गरेका थिए र एघारौँ प्रयासमा ५५०० मिटरसम्म पुगेका थिए तथापि खराब मौसमका कारण शिखरमा पुग्न असफल भएका थिए। {{wide image|File:Bhagirathi peaks from Chirvasa IMG 1021 (cropped).jpg|900px|चिरवासबाट भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला। बायाँ देखि दायाँ: भागीरथी द्वित्तीय; भागीरथी चतुर्थ; भागीरथी तृतीय र भागीरथी प्रथम।}} == भूगोल == भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला मा ६,१९३ मिटर (२,३०० फिट) भन्दा माथिका चार प्रमुख चुचुराहरू छन्:: {| class="wikitable" !हिमाल !उचाइ ![[विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू|क्रम]] !प्रमुखता !निर्देशाङ्क |- |[[भागीरथी प्रथम]] |६,८५६ मिटर (२२,४९३&nbsp;फिट) |३९३औँ |६७२ मिटर |{{coord|30|51|00|N|79|08|57|E|type:mountain}} |- |[[भागीरथी द्वित्तीय]] |६,५१२ मिटर (२१,३६५&nbsp;फिट) | |५१७ मिटर |{{coord|30|52|55|N|79|08|01|E|type:mountain}} |- |[[भागीरथी तृतीय]] |६,४५४ मिटर (२१,१७५&nbsp;फिट) | |३५१ मिटर |{{coord|30|52|09|N|79|08|01|E|type:mountain}} |- |[[भागीरथी चौथो]] |६,१९३ मिटर (२०,३१७&nbsp;फिट) | | |{{coord|30|52|35|N|79|07|59|E|type:mountain}} |} ==छिमेकी चुचुराहरू== भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खलाका छिमेकी शिखरहरू: * '''[[सतोपन्थ]]''', ७,०७५ मिटर (२३,२१२&nbsp;फिट), {{coord|30|50|42|N|79|12|45|E|type:mountain}} * '''[[वासुकी पर्वत]]''', ६,७९२ मिटर (२२,२८३&nbsp;फिट), {{coord|30|52|30|N|79|10|30|E|type:mountain}} * '''[[शिवलिङ्ग हिमाल]]''', ६,५४३&nbsp; मिटर (२१,४६७&nbsp;फिट), {{coord|30|52|49.48|N|79|03|48.49|E|type:mountain}} == हिमनदी वा नदीहरू == पश्चिम तर्फ गङ्गोत्री हिमनदी र पूर्व तर्फ उत्तर तर्फ वासुकी हिमनदी चतुरङ्गी हिमनदीले घेरिएका छन् र दक्षिण तर्फ स्वच्छन्द हिमनदीले सुरक्षित राखिएको छ। गङ्गोत्री हिमनदीको थुप्रोबाट भागीरथी नदी निस्कन्छ जसलाई गङ्गा पनि भनिन्छ जुन यो देवप्रयागमा अलकनन्दामा गएर मिल्छ। == चित्र दीर्घा == <gallery> File:Bhagirath View From Bhojvasa.JPG|भोजवासाबाट भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला File:Bhagirathi group of Himalaya peaks Uttarakhand India.jpg|भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला File:Mount Bhagirathi.jpg|भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला File:Bhagirathi peaks and Chirvasa IMG 1021.jpg|चिरवासबाट भागीरथी हिमशृङ्खला File:Bhagirathi II and III (L-R) WTK IMG 0614 150917.jpg|भागीरथी द्वितीय र तृतीय (बायाँ देखि दायाँ) File:Bhagirathi I Peak WTK20150917-IMG 0605.jpg|भागीरथी तृतीय </gallery> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:उत्तराखण्डका हिमालहरू]] [[श्रेणी:चमोली जिल्लाको भूगोल]] f09plyrf8nu2hzs2crrepqgnowf4wu3 0 148869 1372833 1346040 2026-08-31T05:39:57Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु र बौद्ध धर्ममा प्रयोग गरिने प्रार्थना माला}} {{Infobox Chinese |pic=Different types of Japa mala (prayer beads) selling in Varanasi, India.jpg |piccap=भारतको [[वाराणसी]]मा बिक्रीका लागि राखिएका विभिन्न प्रकारका जपमालाहरू |san= माला |c=佛珠 |l="बुद्ध मोती" |p=Fózhū |w=Fo²-chu¹ |mi={{IPAc-cmn|f|o|2|.|zh|u|1}} |gr=Forju |j=Fat⁶-zyu¹ |y=faht-jyū |tl=Hu̍t-tsu |kanji= 念珠, 数珠 |romaji=nenju ("वाचन गर्ने दाना"), juzu ("गणना गर्ने दाना") }} '''जपमाला''' वा सामान्य रूपमा '''माला'''{{sfnp|Apte|1965|p=758}}) [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]], [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]], [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] र [[सिख धर्म|सिख]] जस्ता भारतीय धर्महरूमा प्रयोग गरिने प्रार्थनाका दानाहरूको एउटा माला हो। यसको प्रयोग [[मन्त्र]], प्रार्थना वा अन्य पवित्र वाक्यांशहरूको जप गणना गर्नका लागि गरिन्छ। यसलाई दुष्ट शक्तिबाट बच्न वा कुनै पवित्र मूर्ति अगाडि दण्डवत् प्रणाम गर्ने जस्ता अन्य प्रकारका ''[[साधना]]'' (अध्यात्मिक अभ्यास) भित्रको पुनरावृत्ति गणना गर्न पनि लगाइन्छ। यसलाई धार्मिक पहिचानको प्रतीकको रूपमा पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}}{{sfnp|Mross|2017}} मालाको मुख्य भागमा सामान्यतया समान आकार र सामग्रीका १०८ वटा दानाहरू हुन्छन् यद्यपि १०८ का अंशहरू जस्तै ५४ वा २७ दाना भएका साना संस्करणहरू पनि अस्तित्वमा छन्।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}} एउटा विशिष्ट १०९ वटा दाना भएको "गुरु दाना" वा मातृ दाना (मेरु) पनि हुन्छ जसलाई गणना गरिँदैन।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}} मालाका दानाहरू परम्परागत रूपमा काठ, ढुङ्गा, रत्न, बीउ, हड्डी र बहुमूल्य धातुहरू जस्ता विभिन्न सामग्रीहरूबाट बनाइन्छ भने विभिन्न धर्महरूले प्रायः निश्चित सामग्रीहरूलाई प्राथमिकता दिन्छन्। यी दानाहरूलाई कपास, रेशम वा जनावरको रौँ जस्ता प्राकृतिक रेशामा उनिएका हुन्छन्। आधुनिक युगमा, प्लास्टिक वा काँचका दाना र [[नाइलन|नायलन]]का डोरी जस्ता कृत्रिम सामग्रीहरू पनि प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ। मालाहरू विश्वका विभिन्न धर्महरूमा प्रयोग हुने प्रार्थनाका अन्य रूपहरू जस्तै [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]]मा [[मिसबाहा]] र [[ईसाई धर्म|इसाई]]मा रोजरीसँग मिल्दोजुल्दो हुन्छन्। == दानाहरूको सङ्ख्या == [[चित्र:Buddhist prayer beads 07.JPG|thumb|चिनियाँ बौद्ध १८-दाना भएको काठको माला]] [[चित्र:Shingon Buddhist prayer beads, inside.jpg|upright|thumb|एउटा ठूलो गुरु दाना (मातृ दाना) जसभित्र मन्त्रहरूले घेरिएको सिङ्गन संस्थापक [[कुकाइ]]को चित्र रहेको छ]] [[चित्र:Japa mala (prayer beads) of Tulasi wood with 108 beads - 20040101-01.jpg|thumb|[[वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]]मा प्रयोग गरिने १०८ दाना भएको तुलसीको माला]] [[चित्र:Bodhi seed mala.jpg|thumb|मध्य [[नेपाल]]को [[काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला]]को तिमाल क्षेत्र र नमोबुद्धमा पाइने स्थानीय रूपमा बुद्धचित्त भनिने रूखको पालिस गरिएको बीउबाट बनाइएको "बोधिसत्व" माला]] मालामा सामान्यतया १०८ वटा दाना हुनुका पछाडि धेरै स्पष्टीकरणहरू रहेका छन् जसमा १०८ सङ्ख्याको [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]], [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] र [[जैन धर्म|जैन]] परम्पराहरूमा विशेष धार्मिक महत्त्व रहेको छ।{{sfnp|Kieschnick|2003}} उदाहरणका लागि, परम्परागत बौद्ध विचारधारामा, मानिसमा १०८ प्रकारका क्लेशहरू वा सास्तीहरू हुने विश्वास गरिन्छ।{{sfnp|Buswell|Lopez|2013}} अर्को गणना अनुसार, १०८ सम्भावित [[धर्म]] वा घटनाहरूको सङ्ख्या हो। पूर्वी एसियाली बौद्ध धर्ममा, १०८ ले १०८ वटा ध्यान, वा वज्रधातु मण्डलका १०८ बौद्ध देवताहरूलाई पनि प्रतिनिधित्व गर्न सक्छ।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}} यो सङ्ख्याको प्रयोगका लागि विभिन्न स्पष्टीकरणहरू भएतापनि, शताब्दीयौँदेखिको अभ्यासमा यो सङ्ख्या आफैामा सुसङ्गत रहेको छ।{{sfnp|Kieschnick|2003}} साना मालाहरू पनि प्रचलनमा रहेका छन् जसमा प्रायः १०८ को गुणनखण्ड भएका दानाहरू वा कुनै सम्प्रदायको विश्वास र अभ्यासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण मानिने अन्य सङ्ख्याहरू जस्तै ५४, ४२, २७, २१, १८ र १४ सङ्ख्यामा दानाहरू हुन्छन्। सानो माला नाडीमा लगाउन वा [[प्रणाम]]को सङ्ख्या सजिलै गणना गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ।{{sfnp|Kieschnick|2003}}{{sfnp|Lhadrepa|Davis|2017}} ५४ दानालाई प्रायः बोधिसत्व मार्ग अन्तर्गतको पूर्वी एसियाली बौद्ध धर्ममा पहिलो ५४ चरणहरूको प्रतीकको रूपमा व्याख्या गरिन्छ।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}} एउटा स्रोतले त १०८० दाना भएको मालाको समेत उल्लेख गरेको छ।{{sfnp|Mross|2017}} धेरै मालाहरूमा १०९ वटा दानाहरू हुन्छन् जसलाई [[गुरु]] दाना, मातृ दाना, अभिभावक दाना, बुद्धत्व दाना, [[सुमेरु]] दाना, वा [[बिन्दु (प्रतीक)|बिन्दु]] दाना जस्ता नामहरूले चिनिन्छ। यो प्राय: ठूलो, बढी विस्तृत वा विशिष्ट सामग्री वा रङको हुन्छ।{{sfnp|Kieschnick|2003|}}{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}} केही मालाहरूमा मालाको बीचमा दोस्रो ठूलो वा बढी सजावटी दाना पनि हुन्छ जसले आधा भागको सङ्केत गर्दछ। यस्ता दानाहरूलाई मध्य दाना पनि भनिन्छ।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}}''{{sfnp|Mross|2017}}'' केही बौद्ध परम्पराहरूमा, गुरु दानाले [[गौतम बुद्ध|बुद्ध]], अमिताभ बुद्ध वा [[अवलोकितेश्वर]]लाई प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ।{{sfnp|Tanabe|2012}}{{sfnp|Kieschnick|2003}} 'वज्रशिखर योग माला सूत्र'मा उल्लेख भएअनुसार मातृ दाना "अमिताभ", धागो "अवलोकितेश्वर" र अन्य दानाहरू बोधिसत्व मार्गका फलहरू हुन्।''{{sfnp|Mross|2017}}'' तिब्बती बौद्ध मालाहरूमा एउटाको सट्टा तीनवटा अतिरिक्त दानाहरू गुरु दानाका रूपमा हुन सक्छन्। यसले तीन वज्रहरू (बुद्धको शरीर, वाणी र मन) लाई प्रतीक गर्दछ।{{sfnp|Gyatrul Rinpoche|Khandro|1996}} जापानमा प्रार्थना गर्ने मालाहरूमा प्रायः गुरु दानाभित्र सानो चित्र राखिएको पाइन्छ जुन सामान्यतया कुनै विशेष मन्दिर वा सम्प्रदायसँग सम्बन्धित हुन्छ। प्रकाशमा राखेर हेर्दा त्यो चित्र स्पष्ट रूपमा देखिन्छ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:ध्यान]] rxgct5a6cbnqbe58d7wcsqw6f0rs2dx 0 148892 1372813 1345842 2026-08-30T20:59:44Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मी''' (९ जनवरी १९३७ – २५ मे २००९) नेपालका राणा वंशकी राजकुमारी तथा जम्मू–कश्मीरको डोगरा शाही परिवारकी सदस्य थिइन्। उनी भारतीय राजनीतिज्ञ तथा जम्मू–कश्मीरका पूर्व राज्यप्रमुख [[करण सिंह]] की पत्नी थिइन्। उनले सामाजिक सेवा, विशेष गरी अपाङ्ग तथा मानसिक रूपमा असक्षम बालबालिकाको कल्याणका क्षेत्रमा उल्लेखनीय काम गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=In Memory of Maharani Yasho Rajyalakshmi who died in 2009 |url=https://mercurytimes.in/in-memory-of-maharani-yasho-rajyalakshmi-who-died-in-2009/ |website=Mercury Times |access-date=14 March 2026 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410174612/https://mercurytimes.in/in-memory-of-maharani-yasho-rajyalakshmi-who-died-in-2009/ |date=10 April 2026 }}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मीको जन्म ९ जनवरी १९३७ मा नेपालमा राणा शाही परिवारमा भएको थियो। उनी नेपालका अन्तिम राणा प्रधानमन्त्री मोहन शम्शेर जंगबहादुर राणा का नातिनी थिइन्। उनका पिता जनरल शारदा शम्शेर जंगबहादुर राणा थिए। ==विवाह== ५ मार्च १९५० मा १३ वर्षको उमेरमा उनले जम्मू–कश्मीरका युवराज करण सिंह सँग विवाह गरिन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Karan Singh |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karan_Singh |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 March 2026 }}</ref>.यो विवाहले नेपालका राणा शाही परिवार र जम्मू–कश्मीरको डोगरा राजपरिवारबीच ऐतिहासिक सम्बन्ध स्थापित गरेको थियो। ==सामाजिक सेवा== महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मी सामाजिक सेवामा अत्यन्त सक्रिय थिइन्। उनले विशेष गरी मानसिक रूपमा असक्षम बालबालिकाको हेरचाह र पुनर्स्थापनाका क्षेत्रमा काम गरिन्। उनको पहलमा Delhi Society for the Welfare of Mentally Retarded Children जस्ता संस्थाहरू स्थापना भए, जहाँ सयौँ बालबालिकालाई उपचार, शिक्षा र पुनर्स्थापन सेवा प्रदान गरिन्थ्यो। उनले जम्मू–कश्मीर र दिल्लीमा महिला, बालबालिका, विधवा तथा गरिब समुदायको कल्याणका लागि विभिन्न सामाजिक कार्यक्रमहरू सञ्चालन गरेकी थिइन्। ==पारिवारिक जीवन== महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मीले सन् १९५० मा भारतीय राजनीतिज्ञ तथा जम्मू–कश्मीरका शाही परिवारका सदस्य करण सिंह सँग विवाह गरेकी थिइन्। यस विवाहले नेपालका राणा वंश र जम्मू–कश्मीरको डोगरा राजपरिवारबीच ऐतिहासिक पारिवारिक सम्बन्ध स्थापना गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribute to Yasho Rajya Lakshmi |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/tribute-to-yasho-rajya-lakshmi/ |work=Daily Excelsior |access-date=14 March 2026 }}</ref> '''उनीहरूका तीन सन्तान थिए—''' *''Vikramaditya Singh'' – परिवारका जेठा छोरा हुन्। उनी भारतीय राजनीतिमा सक्रिय व्यक्तित्वका रूपमा परिचित छन्। उनले जम्मू–कश्मीर विधानसभाका सदस्यका रूपमा सेवा गरेका छन् र जम्मू–कश्मीरको डोगरा शाही परिवारका उत्तराधिकारीका रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छन्। *''Ajatshatru Singh'' – कान्छा छोरा हुन्। उनी पनि जम्मू–कश्मीरको राजनीतिमा सक्रिय रहेका छन्। उनले जम्मू–कश्मीर सरकारमा पर्यटन तथा संस्कृति मन्त्रीका रूपमा कार्य गरिसकेका छन्। *''Jyotsna Singh'' – उनी महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मी र करण सिंहकी एक मात्र छोरी हुन्। उनले भारतका प्रसिद्ध उद्योगपति Aditya Vikram Birla का छोरा Yashovardhan Birla सँग विवाह गरेकी छिन्। उनी सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक गतिविधिहरूमा सहभागी हुँदै आएकी छन्। महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मीले आफ्नो पारिवारिक जीवन दिल्ली र जम्मूमा बिताएकी थिइन्। पारिवारिक जिम्मेवारीसँगै उनले सामाजिक सेवा तथा परोपकारी कार्यहरूमा पनि सक्रिय भूमिका निर्वाह गरेकी थिइन्। ==निधन== महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मी को २५ मे २००९ मा भारतको नयाँ दिल्ली मा छोटो बिरामीपछि निधन भएको थियो। निधन हुँदा उनी ७१ वर्षकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite news |title=Former Union Minister Karan Singh's wife passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-union-minister-karan-singhs-wife-passes-away/articleshow/4574529.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2009 |access-date=14 March 2026 }}</ref>उनको निधनपछि उनका पति Karan Singh तथा परिवारका सदस्यहरूले गहिरो शोक व्यक्त गरेका थिए। जम्मू–कश्मीरको डोगरा शाही परिवार, सामाजिक संस्था तथा विभिन्न सार्वजनिक व्यक्तित्वहरूले पनि उनको योगदानको सम्झना गर्दै श्रद्धाञ्जली अर्पण गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=A Tribute to Maharani Yasho Rajya Lakshmi, an apostle of love and compassion |url=https://thenorthlines.com/a-tribute-to-maharani-yasho-rajya-lakshmi-an-apostle-of-love-and-compassion/ |work=Northlines |date=8 January 2026 |access-date=14 March 2026 }}</ref>महारानी यशो राज्य लक्ष्मी सामाजिक सेवा, विशेष गरी मानसिक रूपमा असक्षम बालबालिकाको कल्याणका क्षेत्रमा सक्रिय थिइन्। उनले स्थापना र संरक्षण गरेका सामाजिक संस्थाहरूले उनको निधनपछि पनि आफ्नो सेवा निरन्तर जारी राखेका छन्। उनको निधनलाई जम्मू–कश्मीर र दिल्लीका सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्रका लागि ठूलो क्षति मानिएको थियो। उनको अन्त्येष्टि नयाँ दिल्लीमा परिवारजन र नजिकका आफन्तहरूको उपस्थितिमा सम्पन्न भएको थियो। उनको स्मृतिमा विभिन्न सामाजिक तथा धार्मिक कार्यक्रमहरू पनि आयोजना गरिएको थियो, जसमा उनको मानवतावादी कार्य र समाजसेवाको विशेष रूपमा स्मरण गरिएको थियो। == स्रोतहरू == j2fp2tde432vozuxptpgqmvzwxl22so 0 150098 1372849 1354647 2026-08-31T06:30:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Light_Label_Electric_tabletop_burner_KCK-L103.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|यो हिटरको तार नाइक्रोमबाट बनेको छ।]] '''नाइक्रोम''' निकल र क्रोमियमको (र कहिलेकाहीं [[फलाम]]<ref name="sciencing">{{cite web |last1=Flournoy |first1=Blake |title=What Is Nichrome Wire Used for? |url=https://sciencing.com/nichrome-wire-used-for-5871336.html |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=sciencing.com}}</ref>)को [[मिश्रधातु|मिश्र धातु]] हो। यो गैर-चुम्बकीय [[मिश्रधातु|धातु]] हो र प्रायः प्रतिरोधक बनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। नाइक्रोम तार ८०% निकल र २०% क्रोमियमको मिश्र धातुबाट बनेको नाङ्गो तार हो। यो हिटिङ इलिमेन्ट बनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। == गुण == नाइक्रोम मिश्र धातुहरू आफ्नो उच्च यान्त्रिक सामर्थ्य र उच्च क्रिप सामर्थ्यको लागि परिचित जानिन्छ। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ucfilament.com/materials/nichrome/|title=Nichrome - Union City Filament|work=Union City Filament|access-date=2017-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114044334/https://ucfilament.com/materials/nichrome/|archive-date=14 जनवरी 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> नाइक्रोमका गुण यसमा मिसाइने धातुहरूको मात्रामा निर्भर गर्दछ। तल दिइएका मानहरू सामान्य संरचना भएको नाइक्रोमका लागि हुन्। {| class="wikitable" !गुण ! मान ! एकाइ |- | योङ मोडुलस | align="right" | {{Nowrap|२.२ × १० ^११}} | पास्कल |- | [[घनत्व]] | align="right" | ८४०० | किलोग्राम मि ^−३ |- | [[पग्लने बिन्दु]] | align="right" | १४०० | [[Celsius|°से.]] |- | कोठाको तापक्रममा विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता | align="right" | (१.०–१.५) × १० ^−६ | Ω मि |- | विशिष्ट ताप | align="right" | ४५० | जे किलोग्राम ^-१ [[केल्भिन|के]] ^-१ |- | ताप चालकता | align="right" | ११.३ | W m ⁻¹ K ⁻¹ |- | थर्मल प्रसार | align="right" | १४ × १० ^−६ | K ⁻¹ |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Standard ambient temperature and pressure|मानक परिवेशको तापक्रम र चाप]]<br />अन्यथा उल्लेख नगरिएसम्म प्रयोग गरिन्छ। |- |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:मिश्रधातु]] k2qdsto1a48xlqdw4ckz0ireb2f41qn 0 150364 1372846 1357264 2026-08-31T06:27:02Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Ethylene-3D-vdW.png|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|120x120पिक्सेल|सबैभन्दा सरल अल्किन, इथिलीनको त्रि-आयामिक मोडेल]] कार्बनिक रसायनमा, '''अल्किन''' (Alkene), एक असंतृप्त [[हाइड्रोकार्बन]] हो। यसमा कम्तिमा एक कार्बन-कार्बन डबल बोण्ड हुन्छ।<ref name="Wade">{{cite book|last=Wade|first=L.G.|title=कार्बनिक रसायन|publisher=Pearson [[Prentice Hall]]|date=Sixth Ed., 2006|pages=279}}</ref> यसलाई ओलेफिन, वा ओलेफाइन पनि भनिन्छ। अल्किनको सामान्य सूत्र '''C_nH_२n''' हुन्छ। <ref name="PAC1995">{{Cite journal |last=Moss |first=G. P. |last2=Smith, P. A. S. |year=1995 |title=Glossary of Class Names of Organic Compounds and Reactive Intermediates Based on Structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995) |url= |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=67 |pages=1307–1375 |doi=10.1351/pac199567081307}}</ref> इथिलीन/ इथिन (C_२H_४) सबैभन्दा सरल अल्किन हो। अल्किनहरूलाई "ओलेफिन" पनि भनिन्छ (पेट्रोकेमिकल उद्योगमा व्यापक रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छ)। <ref name="PAC1995"/> == गुण == अल्केन र अल्किनका धेरै भौतिक गुणहरू समान छन्: तिनीहरू रंगहीन र दहनशील हुन्छ। {| class="wikitable" |+[[पग्लने बिन्दु]] र [[उम्लने बिन्दु]] in °C<ref name="alkene properties">{{cite web |last1=Nguyen |first1=Trung |last2=Clark |first2=Jim |date=April 23, 2019 |title=Physical Properties of Alkenes |url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkenes/Properties_of_Alkenes/Physical_Properties_of_Alkenes |access-date=May 27, 2019 |website=Chemistry LibreTexts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ophardt |first=Charles |date=2003 |title=Boiling Points and Structures of Hydrocarbons |url=http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207204010/http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |website=Virtual Chembook }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207204010/http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/501hcboilingpts.html |date=7 February 2023 }}</ref> !कार्बनको सङ्ख्या ! ![[अल्केन]] ![[अल्किन]] ![[अल्काइन]] |- | rowspan="3" |२ |नाम |[[इथेन]] |[[इथिन]] |[[एसिटिलिन|इथाइन]] |- |पग्लने बिन्दु |−१८३ |−१६९ |−८०.७ |- |उम्लने बिन्दु |−८९ |−१०४ |−८४.७ |- | rowspan="3" |३ |नाम |[[प्रोपेन]] |प्रोपिन |प्रोपाइन |- |पग्लने बिन्दु |−१९० |−१८५ |−१०२.७ |- |उम्लने बिन्दु |−४२ |−४७ |−२३.२ |- | rowspan="3" |४ |नाम |[[ब्युटेन]] |१-ब्युटिन |१-ब्युटाइन |- |पग्लने बिन्दु |−१३८ |−१८५.३ |−१२५.७ |- |उम्लने बिन्दु |−०.५ |−६.२ |८.० |- | rowspan="3" |५ |नाम |[[पेन्टेन]] |१-पेन्टिन |१-पेन्टाइन |- |पग्लने बिन्दु |−१३० |−१६५.२ |−९०.० |- |उम्लने बिन्दु |३६ |२९.९ |४०.१ |} == प्रतिक्रिया == अल्किनहरू अपेक्षाकृत स्थिर यौगिकहरू हुन्, तर [[अल्केन|अल्केनहरू]] भन्दा बढी प्रतिक्रियाशील हुन्छन्। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हाइड्रोकार्बन]] 2dm8ipgrqgyotyn39vcvhzlird86f9v 0 150847 1372794 1372786 2026-08-30T13:42:38Z Saroj 31493 Sarojद्वारा [[सिन्दूर (१९७९ फिल्म)]] पृष्ठलाई [[सिन्दूर (१९७९ चलचित्र)]]मा सारियो 1372786 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |सिन्दूर |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" | |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |सिन्दुर |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |'''निर्देशक''' | class="infobox-data" |[[प्रकाश थापा]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |लेखक | [[दौलतविक्रम विष्ट]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |'''पटकथा''' | class="infobox-data" |[[प्रकाश थापा]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |कथा | class="infobox-data" |[[दौलतविक्रम विष्ट]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |'''मुख्य कलाकार''' | class="infobox-data" |[[नीर शाह]]<br /> विश्व बस्नेत,<br /> मिनाक्षी आनन्द,<br />[[शान्ति मास्के]]<br />[[वसुन्धरा भुसाल]]<br />[[गोपालराज मैनाली|गोपाल राज मैनाली]]<br /> [[हरिहर शर्मा]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |'''छायाङ्कन''' | class="infobox-data" |श्याम मोहन श्रेष्ठ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |सङ्गीत | class="infobox-data" |[[गोपाल योञ्जन]]<br />[[नातिकाजी|नाति काजी]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">उत्पादन कम्पनी<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">[[नेपालको चलचित्रको इतिहास|शाही नेपाल चलचित्र संस्थान]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |'''वितरक''' | class="infobox-data" |रोयल नेपाल फिल्म कर्पोरेसन |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">'''प्रदर्शन''' मिति</div> | class="infobox-data" |<div class="plainlist film-date"> * 26 नोभेम्बर 1979 (नेपाल) </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |देश | class="infobox-data" |नेपाल |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |भाषा | class="infobox-data" |नेपाली |} '''''चलचित्र सिन्दूर''''' [[प्रकाश थापा]] द्वारा निर्देशित र शाही नेपाल चलचित्र संस्थानद्वारा निर्मित एउटा ऐतिहासिक नेपाली सामाजिक ड्रामा चलचित्र हो। २०३३ सालमा निर्माण शुरु भएर २०३६ साल मङ्सिर १० गते मात्र प्रदर्शनमा आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=थापा |first=राहुल |date=2026-01-16 |title=Blockbuster : नेपाली चलचित्रकी नायिका मीनाक्षी आनन्दको कुरा |url=https://himalayadarpan.com/blockbuster-actress-of-nepali-cinema-meenakshi-anand/ |access-date=2026-07-19 |website=Himalaya Darpan - Latest North Bengal & Northeast India News in Nepali |language=ne-NP}}</ref> नेपालको दोस्रो रङ्गीन फिचर फिल्मका रूपमा प्रख्यात, यो नेपाली सिनेमाको इतिहासमा लगातार ५२ हप्तासम्म थिएटरमा चलेर "स्वर्ण जयन्ती" पूरा गर्ने पहिलो चलचित्र हो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=Historic Nepali film Sindoor to screen - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/historic-nepali-film-sindoor-to-screen-on-international-womens-day.html |access-date=2026-07-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> फिल्मको कथा प्रख्यात नेपाली उपन्यासकार [[दौलतविक्रम विष्ट|दौलत बिक्रम बिस्ट]]ले लेखेका हुन्। [[विधवा विवाह]] र महिला सशक्तीकरण यो चलचित्रको मुख्य कथवस्तु हो। == कथावस्तु == ''सिन्दूर चलचित्रले'' परम्परागत नेपाली समाजभित्र स्थापित प्रेम, विवाह र जटिल पारिवारिक अपेक्षाहरूको नाजुक गतिशीलताको अन्वेषण गर्दछ। यो कथा महिलाको गरिमा र आत्मनिर्णयको महत्त्वलाई उजागर गर्दै सामाजिक दबाबहरू मार्गनिर्देशन गर्ने एउटी युवतीको वरिपरि घुम्छ। यस चलचित्रलेतीव्र भावनात्मक र प्रगतिशील सामाजिक विषयवस्तुहरूलाई कुशलतापूर्वक सन्तुलनमा राखेको छ। === कथा === उषालाई गीतकार सुमनको गीत निकै मन पर्छ। उनकी सहपाठी प्रेम सुमनको गीत छापिएका पत्रिकाहरू उषालाई पुर्‍याइदिने गर्छ। तर उनीहरूलाई भने सुमन को हो भन्ने थाह हुँदैन। बिदाको समयमा कर्णेल (उषाको बुवा), उषा, प्रेम र प्रेमको बुवा आफ्नो गाउँ जान्छन्। गाउँमा कर्णेलको घरखेतको जिम्मा हरिले लिएको हुन्छ। हरिको छोरा बिकास डाक्टरी अध्ध्ययन गरिरहेका विद्यार्थी हुन्छन् र गीत कविता लेख्ने पनि गर्छन्। गाउँमा उषा, प्रेम, बिकासको भेट हुन्छ। पछि उषा बिकासको माया बस्छ। उषाले पनि गीतकार सुमन भनेको बिकास नै हो भन्ने थाहा पाउँछिन्। प्रेमले उषालाई "माया त आफ्नो हैसियात बराबरको सँग गर्नु पर्छ। बिकास जस्तो त दस जनालाई म नोकर राख्न सक्छु।" भन्छ। प्रेमको वुवाले गाउँलेहरू लगाएर कर्णेललाई हरिको कुरा लगाउँछ र कर्णेलले पनि हरिलाई कामबाट हटाइदिन्छ। त्यसैबेला कर्णेललाई हृदयघात हुन्छ। बिकासले जाँच गर्छ र छिटोभन्दा छिटो सहरमा अस्पताल पुर्‍याउनु पर्ने कुरा उषालाई बताउँछ। काठमाडौं आएपछि कर्णेललाई स्वास्थलाभ हुन्छ। प्रेमले उषालाई निकै मद्दत गर्छ। कर्णेलले छोरीलाई प्रेमसँग विवाह गर्न भन्छ। मन नपरे पनि वुबाको स्वास्थ्यावस्था र वुबाको कुरा काट्न नसकी उषाले प्रेमसँग विवाह गर्छिन्। तर विवाह पछि उषाको मनमा कहिले पनि शान्ति हुँदैन। लोग्ने, सासू, नग्दसँग उनको कुरा कहिल्यै मिल्दैन। बिकासको पढाई सकिएर काठमाडौंमा नै चिकित्सा अभ्यास गरिरहेका हुन्छन्। विवाह पहिले नै गर्भ बसेको र प्रेमीले घोका दिएपछि उनको नन्दले आत्महत्या गर्छिन्। उनको सासू मानसिक रुपमा विक्षिप्त भएर उषालाई बोक्सीको आरोप लगाउँछिन्। एकपटक प्रेम रक्सीको नसामा मोटरसाइकल दुर्घटना हुँदा उनको ज्यान जान्छ। त्यसपछि त झन् उनको सासूले यो बोक्सीले मेरो छोरा,छोरी खायो भन्दै दुर्व्यहार गर्छिन्। उनी निराश भएर आत्महत्या गर्न जान्छिन् तर उनको कर्णेल बुवाले बचाएर माइतमा ल्याएर राख्छन्। उनको ससुरा उनलाई लिन आउँछन् तर कर्णेलले उनलाई हप्काएर पठाउँछन्। कर्णेललाई फेरी हृदयघात हुन्छ र बिकासले उपचार गर्छ। नियमित उपचारको क्रममा कर्णेलले पहिलेको घटना लाई लिएर माफी माग्छ र बुवाको हालखबर बारे सोध्छ। बिकासले बुवाको मृत्यु भइसकेको कुरा बताउँछ र कर्णेल माफी माग्न नपाएकोमा दु:ख मनाउँछ। बिकासले उषाको लागि मन फिर्न अन्य गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन र आफूलाई व्यस्त राख्न सल्लाह दिन्छ्न् र [[इन्टरनेसनल रेड क्रस एन्ड रेड क्रिसेन्ट मुभमेन्ट|रेडक्रस]]को कार्यक्रममा सहभागी हुन पनि सल्लाह दिन्छन्। == कलाकार == फिल्मले स्थापित थिएटर अभिनेता र ताजा अनुहारहरूको मिश्रणलाई एकसाथ ल्याएर धेरै ऐतिहासिक करियरहरू सुरु गर्‍यो: {| class="wikitable" |+ !कलाकार !भुमिका |- |मीनाक्षी आनन्द (नायिका) |उषा |- |बिस्व बस्नेत (नायक) |बिकास (गीतकार सुमन) |- |[[नीर शाह]] |प्रेम |- |[[गोपालराज मैनाली|गोपाल राज मैनाली]] |चंखे |- |[[वसुन्धरा भुसाल]] |नक्कली |- |[[शान्ति मास्के]] |प्रेमकी आमा |- |[[हरिहर शर्मा]] |प्रेमको बुवा |- |[[हरिप्रसाद रिमाल]] |कर्णेल, उषाको बुवा |- |प्रकाश थापा | |} * == गीतहरू == {| class="wikitable" |+ !गीत !शब्द !स्वर !संगीत !सन्दर्भ |- |आहा! बनमा फुल्यो फुलै फुल |[[किरण खरेल]] |[[तारादेवी]] |[[नातिकाजी]] | |- |लुकु लुकु लाग्यो मलाई |[[किरण खरेल]] |[[नारायणगोपाल]] [[तारादेवी]] |[[नातिकाजी|नातीकाजी]], [[गोपाल योञ्जन|गोपाल योन्जन]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=लुकूँ लुकूँ लाग्यो मलाई |url=https://paleti.com.np/record/luku-luku-lagyo-malai |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Paleti |language=ne}}</ref> |- |को कसको हो, कसले चिन्न सक्छ र? |[[किरण खरेल]] |[[नारायणगोपाल]] |[[नातिकाजी|नातीकाजी]], [[गोपाल योञ्जन|गोपाल योन्जन]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=को कस्को हो |url=https://paleti.com.np/record/ko-kasko-ho |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Paleti |language=ne}}</ref> |- |हे नक्कली |लक्ष्मण लोहनी |[[उदितनारायण झा|उदितनारायण]], सुसुमा श्रेष्ठ |गोपाल योञ्जन |<ref>[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BrkrUA_cmqg&pp=ygUKaGUgbmFra2FsaQ%3D%3D Nakkali He Hasili SINDOOR Film song]</ref> |- |मलाई हाँसीदेउ नभन |[[किरण खरेल]] |[[तारादेवी]] |[[नातिकाजी|नातीकाजी]], [[गोपाल योञ्जन|गोपाल योन्जन]] | |} * == रिलीज र विरासत == यस चलचित्रको आधिकारिक रूपमा नोभेम्बर 26, 1979 मा प्रिमियर भयो (वैकल्पिक रूपमा केही क्षेत्रीय रिलिज तालिकाहरूमा 1980 को रूपमा उद्धृत गरिएको छ। यो ऐतिहासिक जय नेपाल, विश्वज्योति र रञ्जन सिनेमासहित [[काठमाडौँ]] प्रमुख थिएटरहरूमा 52 हप्तासम्म निरन्तर चलेको थियो। घरेलु सीमाभन्दा पर, ''सिन्दूरले'' उज्बेकिस्तान फिल्म फेस्टिभलमा प्रदर्शनका लागि छनोट हुँदा विश्वव्यापी मञ्चमा देशको प्रतिनिधित्व गऱ्यो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=Historic Nepali film Sindoor to screen - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/historic-nepali-film-sindoor-to-screen-on-international-womens-day.html |access-date=2026-07-01 |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://english.onlinekhabar.com/historic-nepali-film-sindoor-to-screen-on-international-womens-day.html "Historic Nepali film Sindoor to screen - OnlineKhabar English News"]. 2025-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> महिला सशक्तिकरणको स्थायी सन्देशको मान्यतामा, फिल्म विकास बोर्डले [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नारी दिवस|अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय महिला दिवस]] सम्मानमा मार्च 2025 मा सिन्दूरको विशेष ऐतिहासिक प्रदर्शनको आयोजना गरेको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=Historic Nepali film Sindoor to screen - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/historic-nepali-film-sindoor-to-screen-on-international-womens-day.html |access-date=2026-07-01 |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://english.onlinekhabar.com/historic-nepali-film-sindoor-to-screen-on-international-womens-day.html "Historic Nepali film Sindoor to screen - OnlineKhabar English News"]. 2025-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-07-01</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=रंगसंसार |first=रंगसंसार |title=ऐतिहासिक नेपाली चलचित्र ‘सिन्दूर’ प्रदर्शन गरिने |url=https://www.rangasansar.com/detail/9787/ |access-date= |website=रंगसंसार}}</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == <references /> ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [https://nmdb.film.gov.np/movies/521 Nepali Movie Database ] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली नाटक चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली भाषाका चलचित्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सङ्क्षिप्त विवरण भएका लेखहरू]] 2qhdc9no2euffaeoj2foyfa85obwc1z 0 151320 1372802 1372422 2026-08-30T16:31:02Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372802 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nanga Parbat The Killer Mountain.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[नङ्गा पर्वत]], विश्वको नवौँ सर्वोच्च हिमाल]] [[पाकिस्तान]] ७,००० मिटरभन्दा माथिका १०८ वटा र ६,००० मिटरभन्दा माथिका ४,५५५ वटा हिमालहरू रहेका छन्{{ref|number_of_peaks}}। ५,००० र ४,००० मिटरभन्दा माथिका शिखरहरूको यहाँ कुनै गणना गरिएको छैन। संसारका १४ वटा सर्वोच्च स्वतन्त्र हिमालहरू (आठ हजार मिटरभन्दा अग्ला) मध्ये पाँच वटा पाकिस्तानमा अवस्थित छन् (जसमध्ये चार वटा कन्कोर्डियाको वरपर, [[बाल्तोरो हिमनदी]] र [[गोडविन अस्टिन हिमनदी]]को सङ्गमस्थलमा पर्छन्)। पाकिस्तानका अधिकांश सर्वोच्च शिखरहरू [[काराकोरम]] हिमशृङ्खलामा पर्छन् (जुन लगभग पूर्ण रूपमा पाकिस्तानको [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]] क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित छ र यसलाई [[हिमालय]] शृङ्खलाबाट छुट्टै शृङ्खला मानिन्छ) तर ७,००० मिटरभन्दा माथिका केही चुचुराहरू [[हिमालय]] र [[हिन्दुकुश]] शृङ्खलाहरूमा पनि समावेश छन्। यसबाहेक, पाकिस्तानमा ७,००० भन्दा बढी [[हिमनदी]]हरू रहेका छन्, जुन ध्रुवीय क्षेत्रहरू बाहेक अन्य जुनसुकै ठाउँभन्दा बढी हो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/millions-risk-melting-pakistan-glaciers-raise-flood-fears-200609033202702.html|title=Millions at risk as melting Pakistan glaciers raise flood fears|access-date=9 June 2020|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609095702/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/millions-risk-melting-pakistan-glaciers-raise-flood-fears-200609033202702.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == विचारणीय विषयहरू == {{main|विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू}} यो सूची पाकिस्तानका हिमालहरूको एक अपूर्ण सूची हो। पाकिस्तानमा धेरै नाम भएका र नाम नभएका चुचुराहरू छन् जुन हाल यस सूचीमा समावेश गरिएका छैनन्। यस सूचीमा धेरै त्यस्ता चुचुराहरू पनि समावेश छन् जुन सामान्यतया स्वतन्त्र हिमालको रूपमा वर्गीकृत गरिएको छैन, तर कम [[स्थलाकृतिक प्रमुखता]] (उच्च शिखरमा जोड्ने सर्वोच्च दुई चुचुरा बीचको होचो बिन्दुभन्दा माथिको चुचुरोको उचाइ) का कारण अन्य हिमालहरूको सहायक चुचुराहरूको रूपमा मानिन्छ। साथै, अनिश्चित र असङ्गत सर्वेक्षणहरूका कारण सूचीबद्ध उचाइहरूमध्ये धेरैजसो अनुमानित छन्। ७,००० मिटरभन्दा माथिका चुचुराहरूका क्रमहरू [[विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू|सर्वोच्च हिमालहरूको सूची]]बाट लिइएका हुन्। बहु-शिखर भएको हिमाल र छुट्टै हिमालहरू बीचको भिन्नता सधैँ स्पष्ट हुँदैन ([[सबैभन्दा अग्लो आरोहण नगरिएको हिमालहरू]]) हेर्नुहोस्। एक साझा मापदण्ड भनेको ३०० मिटर विशिष्टता भएको शिखरलाई हिमालको रूपमा परिभाषित गर्नु हो। वैकल्पिक रूपमा, उच्च पर्वतीय शृङ्खलाहरूमा सबै कुरा ठिक मापनमा हुन्छ भन्ने कुरा झल्काउन सापेक्षिक विशिष्टता (विशिष्टता वा उचाइ) प्रयोग गरिन्छ (सामान्यतया ७–८%)। सर्वोच्च हिमालहरूको सूचीले कम्तीमा ५०० मिटर विशिष्टता भएका, लगभग ७% सापेक्षिक विशिष्टता भएका शीर्ष १०० शिखरहरूलाई क्रमबद्ध गर्दछ। ==भौगोलिक वितरण == पाकिस्तानका अधिकांश सर्वोच्च हिमालहरू [[काराकोरम]] शृङ्खलामा अवस्थित छन्, केही उच्च हिमालहरू [[हिमालय]] (जसमध्ये सबैभन्दा अग्लो [[नङ्गा पर्वत]], विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ९औँ स्थानमा रहेको, ८,१२६ मिटर) र [[हिन्दुकुश]] (जसमध्ये सबैभन्दा अग्लो [[तिरिच मीर]], विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ३३औँ स्थानमा रहेको, ७,७०८ मिटर) मा पर्छन्। सर्वोच्च हिमालहरूको अवस्थिति तल दिइएको [[काराकोरम]] र [[हिन्दुकुश]] को संयुक्त उपग्रह तस्वीरमा देखाइएको छ। सङ्ख्याहरूले सर्वोच्च हिमालहरूको सूचीमा रहेको विश्वव्यापी क्रमलाई जनाउँछन्। [[File:Hindu Kush and Karakoram peaks annotated (NASA satellite Terra MODIS).png|thumb|center|750px|[[हिन्दुकुश]] र [[काराकोरम]]का चुचुराहरूको अवस्थिति]] पाकिस्तानका अधिकांश उच्च चुचुराहरू विशेष गरी [[गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान]] मा पर्छन्, तर उच्च [[हिन्दुकुश]] मा रहेका केही ७,०००+ मिटरका चुचुराहरू (पाकिस्तानको उत्तर-पश्चिमी क्षेत्रमा चिन्ह लगाइएका चुचुराहरू) यसका अपवाद हुन्। सङ्ख्या ९ ले चिन्ह लगाइएको चुचुरो [[नङ्गा पर्वत]] (८,१२५ मिटर) हो, जुन पाकिस्तानमा अवस्थित दोस्रो सर्वोच्च [[हिमालय]]को चुचुरो हो। ८,००० मिटरभन्दा माथिका अन्य सबै चुचुराहरू [[काराकोरम]] को [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] उप-शृङ्खलामा पर्छन्। ==८०००+ मिटर== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! क्रम (पाकिस्तान) !! [[विश्वका अग्ला हिमालहरू|विश्वव्यापी क्रम]] !! नाम !! [[उचाइ]] !! [[स्थलाकृतिक प्रमुखता|प्रमुखता]] !! [[हिमशृङ्खला]] !! तस्वीर |- | १ || २ || [[केटु]] || {{convert|8611|m|ft}} || {{convert|4020|m|ft}} || [[काराकोरम]] || [[File:Chogori.jpg|frameless|upright=0.7]] |- | २ || ९ || [[नङ्गा पर्वत]] || {{convert|8126|m|ft}} || {{convert|4608|m|ft}} || [[हिमालय]] || [[File:Fairy_Meadows_and_the_view_of_Nanga_Parbat.jpg|frameless|upright=0.7]] |- | ३ || ११ || [[ग्यासरब्रम प्रथम]] || {{convert|8080|m|ft}} || {{convert|2155|m|ft}} || [[काराकोरम]] || [[File:HiddenPeak.jpg|frameless|upright=0.7]] |- | ४ || १२ || [[ब्रोड पिक]] || {{convert|8051|m|ft}} || {{convert|1701|m|ft}} || [[काराकोरम]] || [[File:7_15_BroadPeak.jpg|frameless|upright=0.7]] |- | ५ || १३ || [[ग्यासरब्रम द्वितीय]]) || {{convert|8035|m|ft}} || {{convert|1524|m|ft}} || [[काराकोरम]] || [[File:Gasherbrum2.jpg|frameless|upright=0.7]] |} == ७,००० देखि ८,००० मिटर == {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |- ! विश्व क्रम !! क्रम (पाकिस्तान) !! नाम !! उचाइ (मी.) !! अवस्थिति !! उप-शृङ्खला |- | || || [[ग्यासरब्रम तृतीय]]|| ७,९५२ मी. || rowspan="11" | [[काराकोरम]] ||rowspan=2| [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- |१७||६|| [[ग्यासरब्रम चौथो]]|| ७,९२५ मी. |- |१९||७|| [[दिस्तागिल सर]] || ७,८८५ मी. || [[शिम्सल]] |- |२१||८|| [[कुन्याङ छिस]] || ७,८५२ मी. |[[शिम्सल]] |- |२२||९|| [[माशेरब्रुम]]|| ७,८२१ मी. || [[मासेरब्रुम हिमाल]] |- |२५||१०|| [[बातुरा १]] || ७,७९५ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | २६|| ११|| [[कान्जुत सर]] || ७,७९० मी. || [[शिम्सल]] |- |२७||१२|| [[राकापोसी]] || ७,७८८ मी. || [[राकापोसी-हरामोश हिमाल]] |- | || || [[बातुरा द्वितीय]] || ७,७६२ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- |३१|| १३|| [[साल्तोरो काङ्ग्री]]|| ७,७४२ मी. ||[[साल्तोरो हिमाल]] |- | || ||[[बातुरा ३]] || ७,७२९ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- |३३||१४|| [[तिरिच मीर]] || ७,७०८ मी. || [[हिन्दुकुश]] || |- |३६||१५|| [[चोगोलिसा प्रथम]] || ७,६६५ मी. || rowspan="2" | [[काराकोरम]] || [[मासेरब्रुम उप-शृङ्खला]] |- |३८||१६|| [[शिस्पारे]] || ७,६११ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || [[सिलबरजाकेन]] || ७,५९७ मी. || [[हिमालय]] || [[नङ्गा पर्वत]] |- | || || [[बातुरा ४]]|| ७,५९४ मी. || rowspan="4" | [[काराकोरम]] || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || ''अनामक'' || ७,५८१ मी. || |- |३९ || १७|| [[त्रिवोर]] || ७,५७७ मी. || [[शिम्सल]] |- |४३||१८|| [[स्क्याङ काङ्ग्री]] || ७,५४५ मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- |४४||१९ || [[युक्सिन गर्दन सर]]|| ७,५३० मी. | || [[शिम्सल]] |- |५२||२०|| [[नोशाक]]|| ७,४९२ मी. || [[हिन्दुकुश]]|| |- |५३||२१|| [[पुमारी छिस]] (प.) || ७,४९२ मी. || rowspan="10" | [[काराकोरम]]|| [[शिम्सल]] |- |५४||२२|| [[पास्सु सर]]|| ७,४७६ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- |५८||२३|| [[मालुबितिङ]] || ७,४५८ मी. || [[राकापोसी-हरामोश हिमालहरू]] |- | || || [[मुछु छिस]] || ७,४५३ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- |६१||२४|| [[के१२ (हिमाल)|के१२]]|| ७,४२८ मी. || [[साल्तोरो हिमाल]] |- |६३||२५|| [[सिया काङ्ग्री]]|| ७,४२२ मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- |६४||२६|| [[मोमहिल सर]]|| ७,३४३ मी. || [[शिम्सल]] |- |६६||२७|| [[स्किल ब्रुम]]|| ७,४२० मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- |६७||२८|| [[हरामोश]]|| ७,४०९ मी. || [[राकापोसी-हरामोश हिमालहरू]] |- |६८||२९|| [[इस्तोर-ओ-नल]]|| ७,४०३ मी. || [[हिन्दुकुश]] |- |६९ ||३० || [[घेन्ट काङ्ग्री]]|| ७,४०० मी. || rowspan="4" | [[काराकोरम]]||[[साल्तोरो हिमाल]] |- |७०||३१|| [[उल्तार सर]]|| ७,३८८ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- |७४||३२|| [[शेर्पी काङ्ग्री]]|| ७,३८० मी. || [[साल्तोरो हिमालहरू]] |- |७७||३३|| [[साराघरार]]|| ७,३४९ मी. || [[हिन्दुकुश]] |- |८१ ||३४ || [[बाल्तोरो काङ्ग्री]]|| ७,२८० मी. | rowspan="27" |[[काराकोरम]]|| [[माशेरब्रुम हिमालहरू]] |- | || || [[जुत्मो सर]]|| ७,३३० मी. || |- | || || [[बोजोहागुर दुवानासिर प्रथम]] || ७,३२९ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || [[याजघिल]]|| ७,३२४ मी. || [[शिम्सल]] |- | || || ''अनामक'' || ७,३०० मी. || |- | || || [[पास्सु डियार]]|| ७,२९५ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || ''अनामक'' || ७,२९५ मी. || |- | || || [[मालुबितिङ सी]]|| ७,२९१ मी. || |- | ८६ ||३५ || [[बैनथा ब्राक]] (द ओग्रे) || ७,२८५ मी. || [[पानमा मुजताग]] |- |८७||३६|| [[युटमारु सर]] || ७,२८३ मी. || [[हिस्पर]] |- |८८ ||37 || [[बाल्तिस्तान पिक]] || ७,२८२ मी. || [[माशेरब्रुम हिमालहरू]] |- | || || ''नाम निर्धारण नभएको'' || ७,२८० मी. || |- | ९०||३८ || [[मुज्ताग टावर]] || ७,२७३ मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- | ९२ ||३९ || [[दिरान]] || ७,२६६ मी. || [[राकापोसी-बाग्रोत हिमालहरू]] |- | १०३ ||४० || [[मालुगुट्टी सर]] (मुलुगुट्टी) || ७,२०७ मी. ||[[शिम्सल]] |- | १०८||४१ || [[लुपघर सर]] (मध्य) || ७,२०० मी. ‌||[[शिम्सल]] |- | || || [[हाचिन्दार छिस]]|| ७,१६३ मी.{{ref|hach}} ||[[काराकोरम]] |- | || || [[स्नो डोम, कन्कोर्डिया|स्नो डोम]]|| ७,१६० मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- | | |[[प्रकपा काङ्ग्री|प्रकपा रि]] |७,१५६ मी. |[[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- | || || [[लातोक|लातोक प्रथम]] || ७,१५१ मी. || [[पानमा मुजताग]] |- | || || [[ग्यासरब्रम पाँचौँ]] || ७,१४७ मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- | || || [[लातोक|लातोक द्वितीय]] || ७,१४५ मी. || [[पानमा मुजताग]] |- | || || [[क्याम्पिरे डियोर]]|| ७,१४३ मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || ''नाम निर्धारण नभएको'' || ७,१३३ मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |- | || || [[कुन्याङ छिस उत्तर]]|| ७,१०८ मी. || [[हिस्पर मुज्ताग]] |- | || || [[उद्रेन जोम]] || ७,१०८ मी. || [[हिन्दुकुश]] |- | || || [[घेन्ता पिक]]|| ७,०९० मी. || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || [[राखियोत पिक]] || ७,०७० मी. || [[हिमालय]] || [[नङ्गा पर्वत]] |- | || || [[सङ्गेमरमर सर]] || ७,०५० मी. || rowspan="3" | [[काराकोरम]] || [[बातुरा मुजताग]] |- | || || [[लिङ्क सर]] || ७,०४१ मी. || [[मासेरब्रुम हिमाल]] |- | || || [[स्पान्तिक]] (सुवर्ण चुचुरो) || ७,०२७ मी. ||[[स्पान्तिक-सोसबुन हिमाल]] |- | || || [[आखिर छिस]]|| ७,०२० मी. || [[हिन्दुकुश]] || |- | || || [[पामिरी सर]]|| ७,०१६ मी. || rowspan="3" | [[काराकोरम]] || |- | || || [[राकापोसी पूर्व]]|| ७,०१० मी. || |- | || || [[मोहसिन मीर]]|| ७,००४ मी. || [[बाल्तोरो मुज्ताग]] |} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{commons category|Mountains of Pakistan|पाकिस्तानका हिमालहरू}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122101/http://www.peakware.com/ पिकवेर] * [http://www.summitpost.org/ समिट पोस्ट] * [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/dem3.html उच्च एसियाको अधिकांश भूभाग समेटिएको डिजिटल उचाइ आँकडा] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130725020735/http://www.sol.co.uk/v/viewfinder/elevmisquotes.html बारम्बार गलत उचाइ उल्लेख गरिने विषयमा गरिएको छलफल] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181105084530/http://peaklist.org/lists.html विशिष्टता सूचीहरू] (१,४५० मी. भन्दा बढी विशिष्टता भएका सबै एसियाली हिमालहरू सहित) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080427142155/http://echidna.rutgers.edu/expeditions/Hispar/Default.htm हिस्पार क्षेत्र] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060821141757/http://ravi.lums.edu.pk/las/ एलएएस नक्सा - (लम्स एडभेञ्चर सोसाइटी)] * [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/420123/an/0/page/0#420123 गुगल अर्थमा उत्तर पाकिस्तानका विस्तृत स्थानचिन्हहरू] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204020441/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/420123/an/0/page/0#420123 |date=४ फेब्रुअरी २०१२ }} * [http://pakistangeographic.com/mountains.html पाकिस्तानका हिमालहरूको बारेमा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806101856/http://pakistangeographic.com/mountains.html |date=2019-08-06 }} * [https://www.neelumvalleykashmir.com/2014/10/top-ten-highest-mountains-in-pakistan.html पाकिस्तानका शीर्ष १० हिमालहरू] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524194127/https://www.neelumvalleykashmir.com/2014/10/top-ten-highest-mountains-in-pakistan.html |date=2025-05-24 }} [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानका हिमालहरू|*]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तानका हिमालहरूको सूची| ]] qfnk0ba981uqtenvfxtjgg1p02gb475 0 151361 1372800 1370690 2026-08-30T14:36:45Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1372800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Oldest_tunnel_of_the_Nepal.JPG|पाठ=Churia Tunnel|अङ्गुठाकार|चुरिया सुरुङको प्रवेशद्वार]] [[चित्र:Nagdhunga_tunnel.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|नागढुङ्गा सुरुङको प्रवेश बिन्दु]] [[चित्र:Upper_Tamakoshi_Access_Tunnel.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|निर्माणको बेलाको [[माथिल्लो तामाकोशी जलविद्युत आयोजना|माथिल्लो तामाकोशी]] सुरुङ ]] नेपालका सुरुङ्गहरूको सूची == सूची == {| class="wikitable sortable" !टनेल !व्यास (m) !स्थान सुरु !अन्त्य स्थान !लम्बाई (m) !उद्देश्य !निर्माण वर्ष !सन्दर्भ |- |[[मेलम्ची खानेपानी आयोजना]] (नेपालको सबैभन्दा लामो) |३.७ |[[मेलम्ची नगरपालिका|मेलम्ची ]] |[[सुन्दरीजल]] |२५,९१५ |खानेपानी आपूर्ति |2021 |<ref>Light at the end of the Melamchi tunnel | Nepali Times. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2021, from https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/light-at-the-end-of-the-melamchi-tunnel/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120102809/https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/light-at-the-end-of-the-melamchi-tunnel/|date=2021-01-20}}</ref> |- |[[भेरी–बबई बहुउद्देश्यीय डाइभर्सन आयोजना]] | | | |१२,००० |सिँचाइ |2019 |<ref name="bbdmbofficial2020">{{Cite web |title=About Project :: Bheri Babai Diversion Multipurpose Project (BBDMP) |url=https://www.bbdmp.gov.np/pages/about-project |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702013156/http://www.bbdmp.gov.np/pages/about-project |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> |- |[[चुरिया सुरुङ|चुरिया सुरुङ]] (नेपालको सबैभन्दा पुरानो सुरुङ) | |[[हेटौँडा उपमहानगरपालिका|हेटौँडा ]] |[[अमलेखगन्ज|अमलेखगञ्ज]] |५०० |यातायात |1917 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gartoula |first=Gopal |date=5 March 2018 |title=Nepal's first, and forgotten, tunnel |url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/uncategorized/nepals-first-and-forgotten-tunnel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116120258/https://www.nepalitimes.com/uncategorized/nepals-first-and-forgotten-tunnel/ |archive-date=2019-11-16 |access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref> |- |[[माथिल्लो तामाकोशी जलविद्युत आयोजना]] | |[[दोलखा जिल्ला]] | |८४०० |जलविद्युत |2017 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sureis |date=2017-11-20 |title=Breakthrough in Upper Tamakoshi hydro-electric project |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/business/breakthrough-upper-tamakoshi-hydroelectric-project |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922100234/https://thehimalayantimes.com/business/breakthrough-upper-tamakoshi-hydroelectric-project/ |archive-date=2020-09-22 |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=The Himalayan Times}}</ref> |- |[[इन्द्र सरोवर|कुलेखनी III]] | | | |४२२१ |जलविद्युत |2013 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-31 |title=Tunnel work complete at Nepal's 14-MW Kulekhani 3 hydropower plant |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/tunnel-work-complete-at-nepal-s-14-mw-kulekhani-3-hydropower-plant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506020625/https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/tunnel-work-complete-at-nepal-s-14-mw-kulekhani-3-hydropower-plant/ |archive-date=2021-05-06 |access-date=2021-04-08 |website=Hydro Review}}</ref> |- |[[तिनाउ जलविद्युत केन्द्र|तिनाउ जलविद्युत]] | |[[बुटवल उपमहानगरपालिका|बुटवल]] | |२४६२ |जलविद्युत |1978 |<ref>{{Cite book|title=Summary ReportTechnical Assistance for Developing an Enabling Policy Environment to Accelerate Development of Clean Energy Through Mini and Small Hydropower in Nepal|date=2017|page=11}}</ref> |- |[[माई जलविद्युत केन्द्र|माई जलविद्युत]] |३.८० |[[इलाम जिल्ला|इलाम]] | |२१९८ |जलविद्युत |2015 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanima Mai Hydropower Limited |url=https://maihydro.com/?url=project&id=13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821002617/http://www.maihydro.com/?url=project&id=13 |archive-date=2020-08-21 |access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref> |- |[[नागढुंगा सुरुङ]] |७.० |[[काठमाडौँ]] |[[धादिङ जिल्ला|धादिङ]] |२६८८ |यातायात |2026 |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/nation/nagdhunga-sisne-khola-tunnel-set-to-be-inaugurated-on-monday-photo-feature/|title=Nagdhunga–Sisne Khola Tunnel set to be inaugurated on Monday (Photo Feature)|work=Nepal News}}</ref> |- |[[चमेलिया खोला जलविद्युत आयोजना|चमेलिया खोला जलविद्युत]] |५.२ |[[दार्चुला जिल्ला|दार्चुला जिल्ला]] | |४०६७ |जलविद्युत | |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shrestha |first=Pawan Kumar |last2=Panthi |first2=Krishna Kanta |last3=Basnet |first3=Chhatra Bahadur |date=2013 |title=Analysis of Squeezing Phenomenon in the Headrace Tunnel of Chameliya Project, Nepal |url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/HN/article/view/10039 |url-status=live |journal=Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment |volume=13 |pages=44–51 |doi=10.3126/hn.v13i0.10039 |issn=2392-4101 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818234559/https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/HN/article/view/10039 |archive-date=2020-08-18 |access-date=2021-04-08 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> |- |[[खिम्ती १ जलविद्युत केन्द्र|खिम्ती १ जलविद्युत]] |४.० |[[दोलखा जिल्ला]] | |७९०० |जलविद्युत |1996 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khimti Power Plant |url=https://hpl.com.np/projects/khimti-power-plant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718045816/https://hpl.com.np/projects/khimti-power-plant/ |archive-date=2020-07-18 |access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref> |- |[[हेवा खोला-ए जलविद्युत केन्द्र|हेवा खोला-ए जलविद्युत]] |३.२० |[[पाँचथर जिल्ला|पाँचथर जिल्ला]] | |३९२९ |जलविद्युत |2012 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hewa Khola 'A' Hydroelectric Project |url=http://sanimaengineering.com/project/hewa-khola-a-hydroelectric-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220134930/http://sanimaengineering.com/project/hewa-khola-a-hydroelectric-project/ |archive-date=2020-02-20 |access-date=2021-04-08 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220134930/http://sanimaengineering.com/project/hewa-khola-a-hydroelectric-project/ |date=2020-02-20 }}</ref> |- |माथिल्लो मादी जलविद्युत |३.२० |[[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की जिल्ला]] | |३९२० |जलविद्युत |2016 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Madi Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nwrmap.info/hydropower/upper-madi-hydropower-project |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123205833/https://nwrmap.info/hydropower/upper-madi-hydropower-project |archive-date=2021-01-23 |access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref> |- |} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} 4x2c5txm8v8562wbrrwniji1lxfmbi3 1 151452 1372789 2026-08-30T12:01:12Z ~2026-47340-98 80644 नयाँ पृष्ठ: fh983884b8h38bsgv9ehvgr8g8gb8y4bv8v9r8z34ex5r6vty7bko0p=; 3wsd4ol-o aw3sol--l 2e8i,o9 se rytu7i8d ca 1372789 wikitext text/x-wiki fh983884b8h38bsgv9ehvgr8g8gb8y4bv8v9r8z34ex5r6vty7bko0p=; 3wsd4ol-o aw3sol--l 2e8i,o9 se rytu7i8d ca 7a6s9n5fke8qwigs2rf27ul3e2ju7m3 0 151453 1372795 2026-08-30T13:42:38Z Saroj 31493 Sarojद्वारा [[सिन्दूर (१९७९ फिल्म)]] पृष्ठलाई [[सिन्दूर (१९७९ चलचित्र)]]मा सारियो 1372795 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[सिन्दूर (१९७९ चलचित्र)]] dlai0op0y4av3vx9tgn2gdnyfdljjny 0 151454 1372803 2026-08-30T16:47:15Z Paudeldai 80469 रक गार्डेनबारे लेख 1372803 wikitext text/x-wiki रक गार्डेन अर्घाखाँची सन्धिखर्क नगरपालिका वडा नं. ११ जालकाँडामा रहेको रक गार्डेन अर्थात ढुंगाको वगैचा जस्तो देखिन्छ । सन्धिखर्कबाट करिब १५ किलोमिटरको दुरिमा रहेको यो क्षेत्रमा विभिन्न आकार वा आकृति जस्ता देखिने ढुंगा तथा चट्टानहरु रहेका छन् । रक गार्डेनबाट उत्तरतर्फ विभिन्न हिमशिखरहरू अवलोकन गर्न सकिन्छ। दक्षिणतर्फ तराईको समथर भूभागसँगै लुम्बिनी प्रदेशका केही जिल्ला देखिन्छन् ।<ref>{{setopati.com/kinmel/tourism/319696|tit a63h7ek4d3pcz3y248xfyeiinxxk7qo 1372804 1372803 2026-08-30T17:06:46Z Paudeldai 80469 लेख स्रोत सहित 1372804 wikitext text/x-wiki रक गार्डेन अर्घाखाँची सन्धिखर्क नगरपालिका वडा नं. ११ जालकाँडामा रहेको रक गार्डेन अर्थात ढुंगाको वगैचा जस्तो देखिन्छ । सन्धिखर्कबाट करिब १५ किलोमिटरको दुरिमा रहेको यो क्षेत्रमा विभिन्न आकार वा आकृति जस्ता देखिने ढुंगा तथा चट्टानहरु रहेका छन् । रक गार्डेनबाट उत्तरतर्फ विभिन्न हिमशिखरहरू अवलोकन गर्न सकिन्छ। दक्षिणतर्फ तराईको समथर भूभागसँगै लुम्बिनी प्रदेशका केही जिल्ला देखिन्छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=पा‍न्डे |first=भगवती |title=पर्यटकको पर्खाइमा अर्घाखाँचीको "रक गार्डेन" |url=https://www.setopati.com/kinmel/tourism/319696}}</ref> 9i8a2ih4r69pitwhaez3zs4g8d7ovqe 0 151455 1372819 2026-08-31T00:15:44Z Paudeldai 80469 स्रोत सहित रेसुङा लेक 1372819 wikitext text/x-wiki रेसुङ्गा पहाड गुल्मी जिल्ला सदरमुकाम तम्घासको काखमा रहेकोे पहाडको नाम हो। समुन्द्र सतहदेखि २ हजार ३ सय ४७ मिटरको उचाइमा रहेको पर्यटकिय, ऐतिहासिक र धार्मिक तपोभुमि मात्र नभइ जैविक विविधताले युक्त पहाड रहेको छ । त्रेता युगमा ऋष्यशृङ्ग्य ऋषिले यहाँ तपस्या गरेकोमा ऋषि गङ्गा अपभ्रंश भइ रेसुङ्गा रहन गएको पौराणिक मान्यता रहेको पाइन्छ । रेसुङ्गा आसपासका क्षेत्रमा सिद्धस्थान, विष्णुपादुका, यज्ञशाला, महापोखरी, फूलबारी, सानो रेसुङ्गा, साउने, मैरा, कान्छा प्रभुको तपस्यास्थल, गौशालाजस्ता अत्यन्त दर्शनीयस्थल रहेका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=श्रृङ्ग ऋषिले तपस्या गरेको गुल्मीको ऐतिहासिक, पर्यटकीय तथा धार्मिक पुण्य तपोभूमि रेसुङ्गा |url=ojhelkakhaber.com/archives/12486}}</ref> rpcjof4xmriw1n0s70bjzzyhtfv54ow 1372820 1372819 2026-08-31T00:23:44Z Paudeldai 80469 1372820 wikitext text/x-wiki रेसुङ्गा पहाड गुल्मी जिल्ला सदरमुकाम तम्घासको काखमा रहेकोे पहाडको नाम हो। समुन्द्र सतहदेखि २ हजार ३ सय ४७ मिटरको उचाइमा रहेको पर्यटकिय, ऐतिहासिक र धार्मिक तपोभुमि मात्र नभइ जैविक विविधताले युक्त पहाड रहेको छ । त्रेता युगमा ऋष्यशृङ्ग्य ऋषिले यहाँ तपस्या गरेकोमा ऋषि गङ्गा अपभ्रंश भइ रेसुङ्गा रहन गएको पौराणिक मान्यता रहेको पाइन्छ । रेसुङ्गा आसपासका क्षेत्रमा सिद्धस्थान, विष्णुपादुका, यज्ञशाला, महापोखरी, फूलबारी, सानो रेसुङ्गा, साउने, मैरा, कान्छा प्रभुको तपस्यास्थल, गौशालाजस्ता अत्यन्त दर्शनीयस्थल रहेका छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=श्रृङ्ग ऋषिले तपस्या गरेको गुल्मीको ऐतिहासिक, पर्यटकीय तथा धार्मिक पुण्य तपोभूमि रेसुङ्गा |url=ojhelkakhaber.com/archives/12486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=श्रृङ्ग ऋषिले तपस्या गरेको गुल्मीको ऐतिहासिक, पर्यटकीय तथा धार्मिक पुण्य तपोभूमि रेसुङ्गा |url=www.ojhelkakhabar.com/archives/12486}}</ref> <references group="ojhelkakhabar.com/archives/12486 " /> j9uk9y6sqm07rvl6ugbwgw0f1b7qd0s 0 151456 1372822 2026-08-31T00:59:46Z Paudeldai 80469 खाँचीकाेट हिल स्टेशन बारे स्रोत सहित लेख 1372822 wikitext text/x-wiki खाँचीकाेट हिलस्टेसन अर्घाखाँची जिल्लाको सन्धिखर्क नगरपालिका  वडा नम्बर ७ मा रहेको प्रमुख पर्यटकीय गन्तव्य हो। समुन्द्री सतहबाट करिब १९ सय मिटरकाे उचाइमा रहेको छ । नरपानीबाट करिब ४ किलोमीटर तथा खाँचीकाेट गाउँबाट डेढ घन्टा उकालो  पैदल यात्रा गरि हिलस्टेशन पुग्न सकिन्छ । मसिना लेक आसपासको वन क्षेत्र जैविक विविधताले भरिपूर्ण रहेको छ। यहाँ विभिन्न प्रजातिका चराचुरुङ्गी, वनस्पति र वन्यजन्तु पाइने भएकाले प्रकृतिप्रेमी र अनुसन्धानकर्ताका लागि पनि यो क्षेत्र उपयुक्त गन्तव्य बनेको छ ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=केसी |first=विरेन्द्र |title=आकर्षक गन्तव्य बन्दै खाँचीकाेट हिल स्टेशन |url=https://ekantipur.com/destination/2026/06/30/khanchikot-hill-station-is-becoming-an-attractive-destination-37-31.html |archive-url=}}</ref> eqq7sexkxlmwtwl0ryfvqsh5qcpd3o0 0 151457 1372826 2026-08-31T01:52:59Z Paudeldai 80469 मसिना लेकबारे स्रोत सहित लेख 1372826 wikitext text/x-wiki मसिना लेक अर्घाखाँची जिल्लाको सबैभन्दा अग्लो लेक वा पहाड हो । यो अर्घाखाँची जिल्ला भुमिकास्थान ९ मा पर्द्छ । समुन्द्री सतहदेखि २ हजार ५ सय १५ मिटरको उचाईमा रहेको छ । यहाँबाट प्युठान, गुल्मी, पाल्पा र कपिलवस्तु सहित विभिन्न जिल्लाका धेरै ठाँउहरु अवलोकन गर्न सकिन्छ । किंवदन्ती अनुसार पौराणिक कालमा कश्यपादी ऋषिहरुले तपस्या गर्दा योगेश्वर देवी प्रसन्न भइन । त्यतिबेला ऋषिहरुले चारैवेद आफुहरुको अधिनमा रहोस भनेर वर मागे। उक्त ठाउँको नाम मसिना कुटी (मसिना लेक) हो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=घिमिरे |first=शिवहरि |title=मसिना लेकमा बन्यो प्यास मेट्ने ट्यांकी |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/154232-1531626000.html}}</ref> jiutlfcwdhewfbexabm10ubtdfc32pt 0 151458 1372829 2026-08-31T02:23:06Z Paudeldai 80469 भुमे मन्दिरबारे लेख 1372829 wikitext text/x-wiki अर्घाखाँची जिल्लाको भूमिकास्थान नगरपालिका–२ ढाकावाङ्ग भुमेकाथानमा अवस्थित भुमे मन्दिर ऐतिहासिक मन्दिर हो । भुमे देवताको सम्मानमा स्थापना गरिएको भुमे मन्दिरकै नामबाट भूमिकास्थान नगरपालिकाको नामकरण गरिएको हो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=भुसाल |first=टेकराज |title=ऐतिहासिक भुमे मन्दिरमा पुर्णिमा विशेष मेला सम्पन्न, धार्मिक पर्यटनको केन्द्र बन्दै (तस्बिर सहित) |url=arghakhanchi.com/2025/06/12/141208/}}</ref> 9w1t54w0hjcn5jg479j4wrss3luv8oo 0 151459 1372830 2026-08-31T02:48:57Z Paudeldai 80469 गोपेश्वर मन्दिर अर्घाखाँची लेख 1372830 wikitext text/x-wiki गोपेश्वर मन्दिर अर्घाखाँची जिल्ला सन्धिखर्क वाङ्लामा रहेको ऐतिहासिक मन्दिर हो।सन्धिखर्कबाट १४ किलोमीटरको दुरिमा रहेको यो मन्दिर १३ रोपनी क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको छ । लक्ष्मीनारायणको मन्दिर, राम, लक्ष्मण, सीता र हनुमानको मन्दिर, सुन्दर राधाकृष्णको मन्दिर, गायत्री माता, गणेशजी, शिवालय र हवन कुण्ड, ज्ञानमञ्च, पुरानो धर्मशाला र बुद्ध आश्रम त्यहाँ रहेका छन् । <ref>{{Cite web |last=भुसाल |first=मुक्तिनाथ |title=संरक्षणको अभावमा उपेक्षित गोपेश्वर मन्दिर |url=ghatanarabichar.com/12423}}</ref> jtkzcs6pdbm3ylie83rb7wko6kl99d9 3 151460 1372832 2026-08-31T04:17:25Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1372832 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, जड डच िचयज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|३०,०७३]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:जड डच िचय|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:०२, ३१ अगस्ट २०२६ (नेपाली समय) mo5kizqrz1l4888caos3gxb0s6xk1oe 0 151461 1372836 2026-08-31T06:14:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351465103|Melting point]]"पृष्ठलाई अनुवाद गरि सृजना गरियो 1372836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Melting_ice_thermometer.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|पानीमा राखिएका बरफका टुक्राहरू ० °से को पग्लने विन्दुमा पुगेपछि पग्लन थाल्छन्।]] कुनै पदार्थको '''पग्लने विन्दु''' (वा, विरलै प्रयोग हुने तरलीकरण विन्दु) भनेको त्यो पदार्थ [[ठोस|ठोस अवस्था]]बाट [[तरल|तरल अवस्था]]मा परिवर्तन हुने तापक्रम हो । पग्लने विन्दुमा ठोस र तरल अवस्था सन्तुलनमा रहन्छन्। कुनै पदार्थको पग्लने विन्दु दबाबमा भर पर्छ र सामान्यतया १ एटमस्फियर  वा १०० किलोपास्कल जस्तो [[मानक तापक्रम र दबाब|मानक दबाब]]मा निर्धारण गरिन्छ। == उदाहरणहरू == अधिकांश पदार्थहरूका लागि पग्लने विन्दु र जम्ने विन्दु लगभग बराबर हुन्छन्। उदाहरणका लागि, [[पारो]] (mercury) को पग्लने र जम्ने विन्दु {{Convert|234.32|K|C F|lk=on|abbr=out}} हुन्छ।<ref>[[Melting point#Haynes|Haynes]], p. 4.122.</ref> तथापि, केही पदार्थहरूमा ठोस-तरल रूपान्तरण हुने तापक्रम फरक-फरक हुन्छ। उदाहरणका लागि, अगर (agar) {{Convert|85|C|F K}} मा पग्लिन्छ र {{Convert|31|C|F K}} देखि जम्न थाल्छ सबैभन्दा बढी पग्लने विन्दु भएको धातु टङ्स्टन (tungsten) हो, जसको पग्लने विन्दु {{Convert|3414|C|F K}}<ref>[[Melting point#Haynes|Haynes]], p. 4.123.</ref> हुन्छ; यो गुणले गर्दा टङ्स्टन इनक्यान्डेसेन्ट ल्याम्प (incandescent lamps) मा विद्युतीय फिलामेन्टको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्नका लागि उत्कृष्ट मानिन्छ। {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ! colspan="4" |सामान्य रसायनहरूको सूची |- !रासायनिक {{Efn-ur|name=fn10}} ! data-sort-type="number" |[[घनत्व]] ! data-sort-type="number" |पग्लने बिन्दु {{Nowrap|({{nobold|[[Kelvin|K]]}})}}<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" />{{Nowrap|({{nobold|[[Kelvin|K]]}})}} <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holman |first=S. W. |last2=Lawrence |first2=R. R. |last3=Barr |first3=L. |date=1 January 1895 |title=Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum |journal=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences |volume=31 |pages=218–233 |doi=10.2307/20020628 |jstor=20020628}}</ref> ! data-sort-type="number" |उम्लने बिन्दु {{Nowrap|({{nobold|K}})}}<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" />{{Nowrap|({{nobold|K}})}} |- |पानी @STP |1000 |{{Convert|0|C|K|disp=number}} |{{Convert|100|C|K|disp=number}} |- |[[सोल्डर]] (Pb60Sn40) | |{{Convert|188|C|K|disp=number}} | |- |कोको बटर | |{{Convert|34.1|C|K|disp=number}} | - - |- |पाराफिन मोम |900 |{{Convert|37|C|K|disp=number}} |{{Convert|370|C|K|disp=number}} |- |[[हाइड्रोजन]] |0.08988 |{{Sort|0014|14.01}} |20.28 |- |[[हिलियम]] |0.1785 |{{Sort|0.1|—}}{{Efn-ur|name=fn6}} |4.22 |- |[[बेरिलियम]] |1850 |{{Sort|1560|1,560}} |2,742 |- |[[कार्बन]] |2267 |{{Sort|0.1|—}}{{Efn-ur|name=fn11}}<ref name="rsc" /> |4, 000 <ref name="rsc">{{Cite web |title=Carbon |url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/6/carbon |website=rsc.org}}</ref> |- |[[नाइट्रोजन]] |1.2506 |{{Sort|0063|63.15}} |77.36 |- |[[प्राणवायु|अक्सिजन]] |1.429 |{{Sort|0054|54.36}} |90.20 |- |[[सोडियम]] |971 |{{Sort|0371|370.87}} |1,156 |- |[[म्याग्नेसियम|म्याग्नेशियम]] |1738 |{{Sort|0923|923}} |1,363 |- |[[एल्मुनियम|एल्युमिनियम]] |2698 |{{Sort|0933.5|933.47}} |2,792 |- |[[गन्धक|सल्फर]] |2067 |{{Sort|0388.4|388.36}} |717.87 |- |[[क्लोरिन]] |3.214 |{{Sort|0171.6|171.6}} |239.11 |- |[[पोटासियम|पोटेशियम]] |862 |{{Sort|0336.5|336.53}} |1,032 |- |टाइटेनियम |4540 |{{Sort|1941|1,941}} |3,560 |- |[[फलाम]] |7874 |{{Sort|1811|1,811}} |3,134 |- |निकल |8,912 |{{Sort|1728|1,728}} |3,186 |- |[[तामा]] |8,960 |1,357.77 |2,835 |- |[[जस्ता|जिङ्क]] |7,134 |{{Sort|0693|692.88}} |1,180 |- |[[टिन]] |7,289 |505.08 |2,875 |- |[[ग्यालियम]] |5,907 |{{Sort|0302.9|302.9146}} |2,673 |- |[[चाँदी]] |10,501 |1,234.93 |2,435 |- |[[क्याड्मियम|क्याडमियम]] |8,690 |{{Sort|0594.22|594.22}} |1,040 |- |[[इन्डियम]] |7,310 |{{Sort|0429.75|429.75}} |2,345 |- |आयोडिन |4,930 |{{Sort|0386.85|386.85}} |457.4 |- |टान्टालम |16,654 |3,290 |5,731 |- |टंगस्टन |19,250 |3,695 |5,828 |- |प्लेटिनम |21,460 |2,041.4 |4,098 |- |[[सुन]] |19,282 |1,337.33 |3,129 |- |[[पारो|मर्करी]] |13,533 |{{Sort|0234.43|234.43}} |629.88 |- |[[सीसा]] |11,342 |{{Sort|0600.61|600.61}} |2,022 |- |बिस्मथ |9,807 |{{Sort|0544.7|544.7}} |1,837 |- |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="13" |<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> नोटहरू<div class="mw-collapsible-content"><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}}</div></div> |} {{Periodic table (melting point)}} [[श्रेणी:भौतिक परिमाण]] fa5qi5bdah0xepk6eihdjx2c7ukxel0 1372840 1372836 2026-08-31T06:22:00Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372840 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Melting_ice_thermometer.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|पानीमा राखिएका बरफका टुक्राहरू ० °से को पग्लने विन्दुमा पुगेपछि पग्लन थाल्छन्।]] कुनै पदार्थको '''पग्लने विन्दु''' (वा, विरलै प्रयोग हुने तरलीकरण विन्दु) भनेको त्यो पदार्थ [[ठोस|ठोस अवस्था]]बाट [[तरल|तरल अवस्था]]मा परिवर्तन हुने तापक्रम हो । पग्लने विन्दुमा ठोस र तरल अवस्था सन्तुलनमा रहन्छन्। कुनै पदार्थको पग्लने विन्दु दबाबमा भर पर्छ र सामान्यतया १ एटमस्फियर  वा १०० किलोपास्कल जस्तो [[मानक तापक्रम र दबाब|मानक दबाब]]मा निर्धारण गरिन्छ। == उदाहरणहरू == अधिकांश पदार्थहरूका लागि पग्लने विन्दु र जम्ने विन्दु लगभग बराबर हुन्छन्। उदाहरणका लागि, [[पारो]] (mercury) को पग्लने र जम्ने विन्दु {{Convert|234.32|K|C F|lk=on|abbr=out}} हुन्छ।<ref>[[Melting point#Haynes|Haynes]], p. 4.122.</ref> तथापि, केही पदार्थहरूमा ठोस-तरल रूपान्तरण हुने तापक्रम फरक-फरक हुन्छ। उदाहरणका लागि, अगर (agar) {{Convert|85|C|F K}} मा पग्लिन्छ र {{Convert|31|C|F K}} देखि जम्न थाल्छ सबैभन्दा बढी पग्लने विन्दु भएको धातु टङ्स्टन (tungsten) हो, जसको पग्लने विन्दु {{Convert|3414|C|F K}}<ref>[[Melting point#Haynes|Haynes]], p. 4.123.</ref> हुन्छ; यो गुणले गर्दा टङ्स्टन इनक्यान्डेसेन्ट ल्याम्प (incandescent lamps) मा विद्युतीय फिलामेन्टको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्नका लागि उत्कृष्ट मानिन्छ। {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ! colspan="4" |सामान्य रसायनहरूको सूची |- !रासायनिक {{Efn-ur|name=fn10}} ! data-sort-type="number" |[[घनत्व]] ! data-sort-type="number" |पग्लने बिन्दु {{Nowrap|({{nobold|[[Kelvin|K]]}})}}<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" />{{Nowrap|({{nobold|[[Kelvin|K]]}})}} <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holman |first=S. W. |last2=Lawrence |first2=R. R. |last3=Barr |first3=L. |date=1 January 1895 |title=Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum |journal=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences |volume=31 |pages=218–233 |doi=10.2307/20020628 |jstor=20020628}}</ref> ! data-sort-type="number" |उम्लने बिन्दु {{Nowrap|({{nobold|K}})}}<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" />{{Nowrap|({{nobold|K}})}} |- |पानी @STP |1000 |{{Convert|0|C|K|disp=number}} |{{Convert|100|C|K|disp=number}} |- |[[सोल्डर]] (Pb60Sn40) | |{{Convert|188|C|K|disp=number}} | |- |कोको बटर | |{{Convert|34.1|C|K|disp=number}} | - - |- |पाराफिन मोम |900 |{{Convert|37|C|K|disp=number}} |{{Convert|370|C|K|disp=number}} |- |[[हाइड्रोजन]] |0.08988 |{{Sort|0014|14.01}} |20.28 |- |[[हिलियम]] |0.1785 |{{Sort|0.1|—}}{{Efn-ur|name=fn6}} |4.22 |- |[[बेरिलियम]] |1850 |{{Sort|1560|1,560}} |2,742 |- |[[कार्बन]] |2267 |{{Sort|0.1|—}}{{Efn-ur|name=fn11}}<ref name="rsc" /> |4, 000 <ref name="rsc">{{Cite web |title=Carbon |url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/6/carbon |website=rsc.org}}</ref> |- |[[नाइट्रोजन]] |1.2506 |{{Sort|0063|63.15}} |77.36 |- |[[प्राणवायु|अक्सिजन]] |1.429 |{{Sort|0054|54.36}} |90.20 |- |[[सोडियम]] |971 |{{Sort|0371|370.87}} |1,156 |- |[[म्याग्नेसियम|म्याग्नेशियम]] |1738 |{{Sort|0923|923}} |1,363 |- |[[एल्मुनियम|एल्युमिनियम]] |2698 |{{Sort|0933.5|933.47}} |2,792 |- |[[गन्धक|सल्फर]] |2067 |{{Sort|0388.4|388.36}} |717.87 |- |[[क्लोरिन]] |3.214 |{{Sort|0171.6|171.6}} |239.11 |- |[[पोटासियम|पोटेशियम]] |862 |{{Sort|0336.5|336.53}} |1,032 |- |टाइटेनियम |4540 |{{Sort|1941|1,941}} |3,560 |- |[[फलाम]] |7874 |{{Sort|1811|1,811}} |3,134 |- |निकल |8,912 |{{Sort|1728|1,728}} |3,186 |- |[[तामा]] |8,960 |1,357.77 |2,835 |- |[[जस्ता|जिङ्क]] |7,134 |{{Sort|0693|692.88}} |1,180 |- |[[टिन]] |7,289 |505.08 |2,875 |- |[[ग्यालियम]] |5,907 |{{Sort|0302.9|302.9146}} |2,673 |- |[[चाँदी]] |10,501 |1,234.93 |2,435 |- |[[क्याड्मियम|क्याडमियम]] |8,690 |{{Sort|0594.22|594.22}} |1,040 |- |[[इन्डियम]] |7,310 |{{Sort|0429.75|429.75}} |2,345 |- |आयोडिन |4,930 |{{Sort|0386.85|386.85}} |457.4 |- |टान्टालम |16,654 |3,290 |5,731 |- |टंगस्टन |19,250 |3,695 |5,828 |- |प्लेटिनम |21,460 |2,041.4 |4,098 |- |[[सुन]] |19,282 |1,337.33 |3,129 |- |[[पारो|मर्करी]] |13,533 |{{Sort|0234.43|234.43}} |629.88 |- |[[सीसा]] |11,342 |{{Sort|0600.61|600.61}} |2,022 |- |बिस्मथ |9,807 |{{Sort|0544.7|544.7}} |1,837 |- |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="13" |<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> नोटहरू<div class="mw-collapsible-content"><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}}</div></div> |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{Periodic table (melting point)}} [[श्रेणी:भौतिक परिमाण]] 94y8z71vp3jzb750qtfdjnrui8lngmi 1372841 1372840 2026-08-31T06:22:41Z Bishaldev100 28807 1372841 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Melting_ice_thermometer.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|पानीमा राखिएका बरफका टुक्राहरू ० °से को पग्लने विन्दुमा पुगेपछि पग्लन थाल्छन्।]] कुनै पदार्थको '''पग्लने विन्दु''' (वा, विरलै प्रयोग हुने तरलीकरण विन्दु) भनेको त्यो पदार्थ [[ठोस|ठोस अवस्था]]बाट [[तरल|तरल अवस्था]]मा परिवर्तन हुने तापक्रम हो । पग्लने विन्दुमा ठोस र तरल अवस्था सन्तुलनमा रहन्छन्। कुनै पदार्थको पग्लने विन्दु दबाबमा भर पर्छ र सामान्यतया १ एटमस्फियर  वा १०० किलोपास्कल जस्तो [[मानक तापक्रम र दबाब|मानक दबाब]]मा निर्धारण गरिन्छ। == उदाहरणहरू == अधिकांश पदार्थहरूका लागि पग्लने विन्दु र जम्ने विन्दु लगभग बराबर हुन्छन्। उदाहरणका लागि, [[पारो]] (mercury) को पग्लने र जम्ने विन्दु {{Convert|234.32|K|C F|lk=on|abbr=out}} हुन्छ।<ref>[[Melting point#Haynes|Haynes]], p. 4.122.</ref> तथापि, केही पदार्थहरूमा ठोस-तरल रूपान्तरण हुने तापक्रम फरक-फरक हुन्छ। उदाहरणका लागि, अगर (agar) {{Convert|85|C|F K}} मा पग्लिन्छ र {{Convert|31|C|F K}} देखि जम्न थाल्छ सबैभन्दा बढी पग्लने विन्दु भएको धातु टङ्स्टन (tungsten) हो, जसको पग्लने विन्दु {{Convert|3414|C|F K}}<ref>[[Melting point#Haynes|Haynes]], p. 4.123.</ref> हुन्छ; यो गुणले गर्दा टङ्स्टन इनक्यान्डेसेन्ट ल्याम्प (incandescent lamps) मा विद्युतीय फिलामेन्टको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्नका लागि उत्कृष्ट मानिन्छ। {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ! colspan="4" |सामान्य रसायनहरूको सूची |- !रासायनिक {{Efn-ur|name=fn10}} ! data-sort-type="number" |[[घनत्व]] ! data-sort-type="number" |पग्लने बिन्दु {{Nowrap|({{nobold|[[Kelvin|K]]}})}}<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" />{{Nowrap|({{nobold|[[Kelvin|K]]}})}} <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holman |first=S. W. |last2=Lawrence |first2=R. R. |last3=Barr |first3=L. |date=1 January 1895 |title=Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum |journal=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences |volume=31 |pages=218–233 |doi=10.2307/20020628 |jstor=20020628}}</ref> ! data-sort-type="number" |उम्लने बिन्दु {{Nowrap|({{nobold|K}})}}<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" />{{Nowrap|({{nobold|K}})}} |- |पानी @[[मानक तापक्रम र दबाब]] |1000 |{{Convert|0|C|K|disp=number}} |{{Convert|100|C|K|disp=number}} |- |[[सोल्डर]] (Pb60Sn40) | |{{Convert|188|C|K|disp=number}} | |- |कोको बटर | |{{Convert|34.1|C|K|disp=number}} | - - |- |पाराफिन मोम |900 |{{Convert|37|C|K|disp=number}} |{{Convert|370|C|K|disp=number}} |- |[[हाइड्रोजन]] |0.08988 |{{Sort|0014|14.01}} |20.28 |- |[[हिलियम]] |0.1785 |{{Sort|0.1|—}}{{Efn-ur|name=fn6}} |4.22 |- |[[बेरिलियम]] |1850 |{{Sort|1560|1,560}} |2,742 |- |[[कार्बन]] |2267 |{{Sort|0.1|—}}{{Efn-ur|name=fn11}}<ref name="rsc" /> |4, 000 <ref name="rsc">{{Cite web |title=Carbon |url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/6/carbon |website=rsc.org}}</ref> |- |[[नाइट्रोजन]] |1.2506 |{{Sort|0063|63.15}} |77.36 |- |[[प्राणवायु|अक्सिजन]] |1.429 |{{Sort|0054|54.36}} |90.20 |- |[[सोडियम]] |971 |{{Sort|0371|370.87}} |1,156 |- |[[म्याग्नेसियम|म्याग्नेशियम]] |1738 |{{Sort|0923|923}} |1,363 |- |[[एल्मुनियम|एल्युमिनियम]] |2698 |{{Sort|0933.5|933.47}} |2,792 |- |[[गन्धक|सल्फर]] |2067 |{{Sort|0388.4|388.36}} |717.87 |- |[[क्लोरिन]] |3.214 |{{Sort|0171.6|171.6}} |239.11 |- |[[पोटासियम|पोटेशियम]] |862 |{{Sort|0336.5|336.53}} |1,032 |- |टाइटेनियम |4540 |{{Sort|1941|1,941}} |3,560 |- |[[फलाम]] |7874 |{{Sort|1811|1,811}} |3,134 |- |निकल |8,912 |{{Sort|1728|1,728}} |3,186 |- |[[तामा]] |8,960 |1,357.77 |2,835 |- |[[जस्ता|जिङ्क]] |7,134 |{{Sort|0693|692.88}} |1,180 |- |[[टिन]] |7,289 |505.08 |2,875 |- |[[ग्यालियम]] |5,907 |{{Sort|0302.9|302.9146}} |2,673 |- |[[चाँदी]] |10,501 |1,234.93 |2,435 |- |[[क्याड्मियम|क्याडमियम]] |8,690 |{{Sort|0594.22|594.22}} |1,040 |- |[[इन्डियम]] |7,310 |{{Sort|0429.75|429.75}} |2,345 |- |आयोडिन |4,930 |{{Sort|0386.85|386.85}} |457.4 |- |टान्टालम |16,654 |3,290 |5,731 |- |टंगस्टन |19,250 |3,695 |5,828 |- |प्लेटिनम |21,460 |2,041.4 |4,098 |- |[[सुन]] |19,282 |1,337.33 |3,129 |- |[[पारो|मर्करी]] |13,533 |{{Sort|0234.43|234.43}} |629.88 |- |[[सीसा]] |11,342 |{{Sort|0600.61|600.61}} |2,022 |- |बिस्मथ |9,807 |{{Sort|0544.7|544.7}} |1,837 |- |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="13" |<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> नोटहरू<div class="mw-collapsible-content"><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}}</div></div> |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{Periodic table (melting point)}} [[श्रेणी:भौतिक परिमाण]] 4bv36pdwmqus46zqy0ueius2scnri02 0 151462 1372850 2026-08-31T06:50:05Z Paudeldai 80469 किरण पुस्तकालयबारे लेख 1372850 wikitext text/x-wiki किरण पुस्तकालय गुल्मीको तम्घासमा रहेको सार्वजनिक पुस्तकालय हो । किरण पुस्तकालयको स्थापना २०२५ साल कार्तिक २० गते तम्घास गाउँ विकास समिति (तत्कालीन लक्ष्मीपुर गाउँ पञ्चायत ) वार्ड नम्बर १ भलुवाकुण्ड भडखाला आदर्श निकेतनमा आवस्थित देवीदत्त पन्थीको घरको पेटीमा पुस्तक जम्मा गरी उहाँकै गाइगोठको एउटा कोठामा गरिएको थियो । <ref>{{Cite web |title=हाम्रो इतिहास |url=kirananpustakalaya/history/history}}</ref> a57m0jp7624jdcw38utedf6znut8b56 1372855 1372850 2026-08-31T09:08:37Z Paudeldai 80469 1372855 wikitext text/x-wiki किरण पुस्तकालय गुल्मीको तम्घासमा रहेको सार्वजनिक पुस्तकालय हो । किरण पुस्तकालयको स्थापना २०२५ साल कार्तिक २० गते तम्घास गाउँ विकास समिति (तत्कालीन लक्ष्मीपुर गाउँ पञ्चायत ) वार्ड नम्बर १ भलुवाकुण्ड भडखाला आदर्श निकेतनमा आवस्थित देवीदत्त पन्थीको घरको पेटीमा पुस्तक जम्मा गरी उहाँकै गाइगोठको एउटा कोठामा गरिएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हाम्रो इतिहास |url=kiranpustakalaya/history/history}}</ref> ds2c0f9tiwp6qdh5v6opcnjodfwa47i 1372856 1372855 2026-08-31T09:10:58Z Paudeldai 80469 1372856 wikitext text/x-wiki किरण पुस्तकालय गुल्मीको तम्घासमा रहेको सार्वजनिक पुस्तकालय हो । किरण पुस्तकालयको स्थापना २०२५ साल कार्तिक २० गते तम्घास गाउँ विकास समिति (तत्कालीन लक्ष्मीपुर गाउँ पञ्चायत ) वार्ड नम्बर १ भलुवाकुण्ड भडखाला आदर्श निकेतनमा आवस्थित देवीदत्त पन्थीको घरको पेटीमा पुस्तक जम्मा गरी उहाँकै गाइगोठको एउटा कोठामा गरिएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हाम्रो इतिहास |url=kiranpustakalaya.com/history/history}}</ref> <references /> 58k5z699z31dpykpybjjbzkps1fc02c 118 151463 1372852 2026-08-31T09:01:33Z Babusherpa 80653 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Infobox person | name = आङबाबु शेर्पा | native_name = Angbabu Sherpa | nationality = नेपाली | occupation = पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी | known_for = पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापन }} '''आङबाबु शेर्पा''' नेपाली पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन... 1372852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = आङबाबु शेर्पा | native_name = Angbabu Sherpa | nationality = नेपाली | occupation = पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी | known_for = पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापन }} '''आङबाबु शेर्पा''' नेपाली पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापक हुन्। == व्यावसायिक जीवन == आङबाबु शेर्पा नेपालको पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली पर्यटन क्षेत्रमा सक्रिय छन्। == पर्वतारोहण == उनले नेपालका विभिन्न हिमाली अभियानमा पर्वतारोहण तथा अभियान व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी कार्य गरेका छन्। == सन्दर्भ == {{reflist}} leka9byosj0xe4rx3o9ypzmuo3jrfbp 1372853 1372852 2026-08-31T09:05:03Z Babusherpa 80653 /* व्यावसायिक जीवन */ 1372853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = आङबाबु शेर्पा | native_name = Angbabu Sherpa | nationality = नेपाली | occupation = पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी | known_for = पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापन }} '''आङबाबु शेर्पा''' नेपाली पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापक हुन्। == व्यावसायिक जीवन == आङबाबु शेर्पा नेपालको पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली पर्यटन उद्योगमा अभियान व्यवस्थापन र पर्वतारोहणसम्बन्धी कार्यमा संलग्न छन्। सन् २०२३ मा नेपाल न्यूजले उनलाई Peak Promotion Trekking का निर्देशकका रूपमा उल्लेख गर्दै नेपाली सेनाको सगरमाथा आरोहण टोलीको अभियानबारे उनको भनाइ प्रकाशित गरेको थियो।[१] सन् २०२६ मा प्रकाशित समाचारअनुसार उनी सगरमाथा आरोहणका क्रममा Peak Promotion का सम्पर्क अधिकारीका रूपमा अभियानको व्यवस्थापनमा संलग्न थिए। खुम्बु आइसफलमा मार्ग निर्माण तथा आरोही व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी गतिविधिबारे उनले जानकारी दिएका थिए।[२] सगरमाथा उचाइ मापन अभियान सन् २०१९ मा नेपाल सरकारले सगरमाथाको नयाँ उचाइ मापन गर्न सञ्चालन गरेको अभियानमा आङबाबु शेर्पाले आरोहण व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए। सन् २०१९ मे २२ मा प्रकाशित एक समाचारअनुसार सगरमाथाको उचाइ मापनका लागि खटिएको नापी विभागको टोली सगरमाथाको शिखरमा पुगेको थियो। टोलीले शिखरमा विशेष उपकरण प्रयोग गरी उचाइसम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क संकलन गरेको थियो। उक्त अभियानको आरोहण व्यवस्थापनको जिम्मा Peak Promotion Pvt. Ltd. लाई दिइएको र कम्पनीका निर्देशक आङबाबु शेर्पाले अभियान व्यवस्थापनबारे जानकारी दिएको समाचारमा उल्लेख छ।[३] यस अभियानबाट संकलित तथ्याङ्कका आधारमा नेपाल र चीनले सगरमाथाको नयाँ आधिकारिक उचाइ ८,८४८.८६ मिटर घोषणा गरेका थिए। पर्वतारोहण तथा अभियान व्यवस्थापन आङबाबु शेर्पा सगरमाथासहित नेपालको हिमाली क्षेत्रमा हुने पर्वतारोहण अभियानको व्यवस्थापनमा सक्रिय छन्। उनका काममा आरोहण टोलीको व्यवस्थापन, आधार शिविरसम्बन्धी समन्वय तथा हिमाली अभियानका लागि आवश्यक लजिस्टिक व्यवस्थापनलगायतका गतिविधि समावेश छन्। पर्वतारोहण क्षेत्रको सुरक्षा सम्बन्धी भूमिका आङबाबु शेर्पाले नेपालको पर्वतारोहण क्षेत्रमा सुरक्षा तथा उद्धार व्यवस्थासम्बन्धी विषयमा सार्वजनिक रूपमा धारणा राख्दै आएका छन्। अगस्ट २०२६ मा प्रकाशित नेपाल न्यूजको एक विस्तृत समाचारमा उनलाई नेपाल पर्वतारोहण संघ (Nepal Mountaineering Association) को कार्यसमिति सदस्यका रूपमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ। उक्त समाचारमा उनले हिमाली अभियानका क्रममा दुर्घटना हुँदा उद्धारको जिम्मेवारी प्रायः आरोहण टोली तथा सम्बन्धित कम्पनीहरूले नै वहन गर्नुपर्ने अवस्थाबारे धारणा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।[६] उनले पर्वतारोहण क्षेत्रमा दुर्घटना तथा उद्धारका लागि प्रभावकारी संस्थागत संयन्त्र आवश्यक रहेको विषयमा पनि सार्वजनिक रूपमा जोड दिएका छन्।[६] == पर्वतारोहण == उनले नेपालका विभिन्न हिमाली अभियानमा पर्वतारोहण तथा अभियान व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी कार्य गरेका छन्। == सन्दर्भ == {{reflist}} 0lb987cfafjyp59zurxpa172wkvu82o 1372854 1372853 2026-08-31T09:06:39Z Babusherpa 80653 /* पर्वतारोहण */ 1372854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = आङबाबु शेर्पा | native_name = Angbabu Sherpa | nationality = नेपाली | occupation = पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी | known_for = पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापन }} '''आङबाबु शेर्पा''' नेपाली पर्वतारोही, पर्यटन व्यवसायी तथा हिमाली अभियान व्यवस्थापक हुन्। == व्यावसायिक जीवन == आङबाबु शेर्पा नेपालको पर्वतारोहण तथा हिमाली पर्यटन उद्योगमा अभियान व्यवस्थापन र पर्वतारोहणसम्बन्धी कार्यमा संलग्न छन्। सन् २०२३ मा नेपाल न्यूजले उनलाई Peak Promotion Trekking का निर्देशकका रूपमा उल्लेख गर्दै नेपाली सेनाको सगरमाथा आरोहण टोलीको अभियानबारे उनको भनाइ प्रकाशित गरेको थियो।[१] सन् २०२६ मा प्रकाशित समाचारअनुसार उनी सगरमाथा आरोहणका क्रममा Peak Promotion का सम्पर्क अधिकारीका रूपमा अभियानको व्यवस्थापनमा संलग्न थिए। खुम्बु आइसफलमा मार्ग निर्माण तथा आरोही व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी गतिविधिबारे उनले जानकारी दिएका थिए।[२] सगरमाथा उचाइ मापन अभियान सन् २०१९ मा नेपाल सरकारले सगरमाथाको नयाँ उचाइ मापन गर्न सञ्चालन गरेको अभियानमा आङबाबु शेर्पाले आरोहण व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए। सन् २०१९ मे २२ मा प्रकाशित एक समाचारअनुसार सगरमाथाको उचाइ मापनका लागि खटिएको नापी विभागको टोली सगरमाथाको शिखरमा पुगेको थियो। टोलीले शिखरमा विशेष उपकरण प्रयोग गरी उचाइसम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क संकलन गरेको थियो। उक्त अभियानको आरोहण व्यवस्थापनको जिम्मा Peak Promotion Pvt. Ltd. लाई दिइएको र कम्पनीका निर्देशक आङबाबु शेर्पाले अभियान व्यवस्थापनबारे जानकारी दिएको समाचारमा उल्लेख छ।[३] यस अभियानबाट संकलित तथ्याङ्कका आधारमा नेपाल र चीनले सगरमाथाको नयाँ आधिकारिक उचाइ ८,८४८.८६ मिटर घोषणा गरेका थिए। पर्वतारोहण तथा अभियान व्यवस्थापन आङबाबु शेर्पा सगरमाथासहित नेपालको हिमाली क्षेत्रमा हुने पर्वतारोहण अभियानको व्यवस्थापनमा सक्रिय छन्। उनका काममा आरोहण टोलीको व्यवस्थापन, आधार शिविरसम्बन्धी समन्वय तथा हिमाली अभियानका लागि आवश्यक लजिस्टिक व्यवस्थापनलगायतका गतिविधि समावेश छन्। पर्वतारोहण क्षेत्रको सुरक्षा सम्बन्धी भूमिका आङबाबु शेर्पाले नेपालको पर्वतारोहण क्षेत्रमा सुरक्षा तथा उद्धार व्यवस्थासम्बन्धी विषयमा सार्वजनिक रूपमा धारणा राख्दै आएका छन्। अगस्ट २०२६ मा प्रकाशित नेपाल न्यूजको एक विस्तृत समाचारमा उनलाई नेपाल पर्वतारोहण संघ (Nepal Mountaineering Association) को कार्यसमिति सदस्यका रूपमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ। उक्त समाचारमा उनले हिमाली अभियानका क्रममा दुर्घटना हुँदा उद्धारको जिम्मेवारी प्रायः आरोहण टोली तथा सम्बन्धित कम्पनीहरूले नै वहन गर्नुपर्ने अवस्थाबारे धारणा व्यक्त गरेका थिए।[६] उनले पर्वतारोहण क्षेत्रमा दुर्घटना तथा उद्धारका लागि प्रभावकारी संस्थागत संयन्त्र आवश्यक रहेको विषयमा पनि सार्वजनिक रूपमा जोड दिएका छन्।[६] == पर्वतारोहण == Everest 2024 summit — Department of Tourism/official expedition record वा independent news Kangchenjunga 2019 — official climbing record वा independent media Ama Dablam, Mera, Thorong, Lobuche — climbing records/news Safa Himal Clean-Up Campaigns — campaign organizer वा independent news IMF Everest Massif Expedition — Indian/IMF/independent publication Everest (2015) film involvement — official film credits, production source वा independent publication 14+ years experience — independent profile/interview Peak Promotion leadership — independent business/trade publication == सन्दर्भ == {{reflist}} q4fvsq7hslgml7a67hm4n67swdxwoz2 0 151464 1372857 2026-08-31T10:29:27Z Paudeldai 80469 बल्कोट पौवा स्रोत सहित लेख 1372857 wikitext text/x-wiki बलकोट पौवा छत्रदेव गाउँपालिका वडा नम्बर २ मा रहेको ऐतिहासिक पौवा (पाटी) हो । यो ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक, साँस्कृतिक तथा वास्तुकलाले भरिपुर्ण सम्पदा हो । तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री जंगबहादुर राणाले शासनसत्ता हातमा लिएपछि उनका जेठान सनकसिंह कर्नेलले विसं १९०९ मा बल्कोट पौवा निर्माण गरेका थिए । मथुरामा जन्मेका जंगबहादुरको यहाँ न्वारन गरिएको बूढापाका बताउँछन् । मथुरामा लामपाटी पौवा र न्वारन भएको ठाउँमा बल्कोट पौवा निर्माण गरिएको हो । अहिले दुवै पर्यटकीय स्थलका रूपमा परिचित छन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=केसी |first=विरेन्द्र |title=चिटिक्क बल्कोट पौवा |url=https://ekantipur.com/lumbini-pradesh/2020/03/09/158373056247044771.html}}</ref> 93joufp0dex9jgrxvaszat0hh6p3y0m