Wikiphidiya nrwiki https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Iinrhatjhi Khethekileko Asiqongelane Umsebenzisi Umsebenzisi asiqongelane Wikiphidiya Wikiphidiya asiqongelane Isimumathi Isimumathi asiqongelane MediaWiki MediaWiki asiqongelane Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo asiqongelane Lisizo Lisizo asiqongelane Mkhakha Mkhakha asiqongelane TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 154 6680 753 2026-06-09T15:48:16Z Nomsa Skosana 123 6680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasikhuluma''' ngeenkathi zomnyaka sisuke sikhuluma ngobujamo bezulu lobo obuhlukaniswe ngeenyanga entathu, khulukhulu la eSewula Afrika. Ngamanye amagama iinkathi zomnyaka lezi zihlukaniswe kane nawutjheja bonyana umnyaka uneenyanga ezilitjhumi nambili. Iinkathi zomnyaka zona ngilezi, ihlobo, isiruthwani, ubusika nesilimela. Iinkathi zomnyaka Kanti zona iinkathi lezi zikhamba zihlukaniswa ngeenyanga zomnyaka ngendlela elandelako: 1. '''Ihlobo''': ihlobo lithoma kanengi ngoNobayeni kufikela ekupheleni kukaMhlolanja 2. '''Isiruthwani''': isiruthwani sithoma kanengi ngoNtaka kufikela ekupheleni kukaMrhayili 3. '''Ubusika''': ubusika buthoma kanengi ngoMgwengweni kufikela ekupheleni kukaRhoboyi. 4. '''Isilimela''': isilimela sithoma kanengi ngoKhukhulamungu kufikela ekuthomeni kukaSinyikhaba == Ihlobo == Ehlobo kanengi amalanga walo ayatjhisa begodu kunezulu elinengi, khulukhulu eendaweni eziwela ngaphasi kobujamo bezulu ithrophikhali. Ukungezelela, iindawo lapho kutjhisa khulu khona uzokubona ngabonompopoloza abanengi tle kanye nokubahlaza kotjani nemithi. == Isiruthwani == Esiruthwaneni kanengi amalanga wakhona afudumele begodu akusatjhisi khulu njengoba sendlalela ubusika. Ngesikhathi sesiruthwani, abantu abanengi bayavuna lokho ebe bakutjalile ngehlobo. Ukungezelela, nezulu nalo alisani ngamandla khulu. == Ubusika == Ebusika kanengi amalanga wakhona amakhaza khulu begodu eendaweni lezo ubujamo bazo bezulu kungebethrophikhali izulu alisani. Kodwana, iindawo lezo ubujamo bazo kuyi- Mediterranean, izulu liyana kwambala tle begodu likhamba negabhogo nomoya omakhaza tle. Ngesikhathi lesi somnyaka imithi ithintheka amakazi begodu notjani nabo buyoma. Isikhathi lezi sinemililo eminengi yehlathini leyo ezenzelekako. == Isilimela == Isilimela kanengi amalanga wakhona athoma ufudumele njengoba sindlalela ihlobo. Begodu, imithi, iintjalo notjani buthoma ukutlhurha nokuthela. Ukuragela phambili, nezulu lithoma ukuna kodwana lincani kwambala. Into enengi mumoya onamandla loya oguga nehkabathi namatje amancani lawo abetha kabuhlungu eenyaweni. Iinkathi zomnyaka ziqakatheke khulu bonyana sizazi nokuthi sizihlukanise njengombana sithwele umlayezo mayelana nokuthi singalindela ini nanyana siziphathe njani njengalokha ebusika siyazi bonyana kufanele simbathe iimpahla ezifudumeleko kanti ngesilimela kufanele sithome silime begodu sitjale. jx8i6rjw4zbyhetkudfdhvxoguk2jtt 0 155 6682 4032 2026-06-09T15:51:16Z Nomsa Skosana 123 6682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iinlwana''' ngezinye zezinto ezidlala indima eqakathekileko ephasini ngokunabileko. Ilwana zidlala indima eqakathekileko kezamaphilo, ukunzinza kanye nezehlala kuhle yazo zoke izinto ephasini (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0">Fuanalytics. 2023. ''Wild Animals''. Itholakala ku:<nowiki>https://faunalytics.org/fundamentals-wild-animals/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwuMC2BhA7EiwAmJKRrMUrysChkerPZrjOHIAYZCTAFNyfCXX_CubdshvnfgH0wYDKJagapxoCTrgQAvD_BwE</nowiki>. Ufunyenwe ngomhlaka [29 kuRhoboyi 2024]</ref>; ne-Wikipedia 2024<ref>Wikipedia. 2024. ''Endangered Species''. Litholakala ku:<<nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species</nowiki>>. Lifunyenwe ngomhlaka [29 kuRhoboyi 2024]</ref>). Iinlwana lezi akukhethi bonyana ziinlwana zemakhaya nanyana kuz[https://faunalytics.org/fundamentals-wild-animals/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwuMC2BhA7EiwAmJKRrMUrysChkerPZrjOHIAYZCTAFNyfCXX_CubdshvnfgH0wYDKJagapxoCTrgQAvD_BwE. iinlwana zehlathini] nanyana iimbandana nanyana iinlwana zemanzini. Nanyana kunjalo-ke, kukhona umraro lo oqalene neelwana lezi, ekukutjhabalala. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja bonyana kuyini ukutjhabalala kweenlwana kanye nembangela yakhona. == Ingabe kuyini ukutjhabalala kweenlwana na? == [[Isimumathi:Imaza.jpg|thumb|Imaza ehlathini]] Ngokuya kuka-Pizzi, u-Caroli, u-Landini, u-Galluccio, u-Mezzelani no-Milanesi (2013)<ref name=":1">Pizzi, F., Caroli, A. M., Landini, M., Galluccio, N., Mezzelani, A. & Milanesi, L. 2013. Conservation of endangered animals: From biotechnologies to digital preservation. ''Natural Science'', 5 (8): 903-913. SciRes.</ref> ne-Wikipedia (2024) iinlwana zemakhaya, zehlathini nezemanzini zizithola zihlangabezana netjhugululo lepilo. Amatjhuguluko la, abangela bonyana kubo nokuncipha kwezinye ilwani kanti ezinye zazo zigcine zingasatholakali (South African National Biodiversity Institute [I-SANBI] (2010<ref name=":2">South African National Biodiversity Institute. 2010. ''Threatened Species: A guide to Red Lists and their use in conservation''. Threatened Species Programme. SANBI: Pretoria.</ref>). Isenzo lesi sokuncipha bekufike la zingasekho nanyana zingatholakali khona sibizwa bonyana kutjhabalala kweenlwana (I-SANBI 2010<ref name=":2" />; no-Pizzi ''nabanye'' 2013<ref name=":1" />). [[:en:Endangered_species|Ukutjhabalala lokhu akukhethi bonyana iinlwana]] leyo zikuyiphi iindawo; zikuliphi ibhoduluko; begodu ziphila ipilo enjani (Fuanlaytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Esikhathini esinengi iinlwana ezitjhabalalako ngilezo zendabuko nanyana zeemvelo (i-SANBI 2013<ref name=":2" />). Ngamanye amagama, iinlwana ezitjhabalalako kuziinlwana lezo ezivelele kilezo ndawo, begodu zijwayele ukuphila lapho ngoba kwezinye iindawo angeze zaphila. Izinto ezifaka isandla ekutjhabalaliseni kweenlwana lezi azifani begodu zihluke ngokuya kweendawo (Pizzi ''nabanye'' 2013<ref name=":1" />). Esihlokweni esilandelako sizokutjheja izinto ezifaka isandla ekutjhaballaliseni iinlwana nanyana iimbangela. == Imbangela yokutjhabalala kweenlwazi zendabuko == Zinengi izinto ezibangela ukutjhabalala kweenlwani, khulukhulu zemvelo; kodwana ekulumenipendulo le, sizokutjheja ezilandelako: === 1.      Ibhoduluko nobujamo bezulu === Amatjhuguluko alethwa libhodululo nobujamo bezulu athinta kumbi imihlobo yeenlwana zoke (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />).  Lokhu kubangwa kukuthi uthola sele kutjhisa khulu nanyana kumakhaza khulu ngokudluleleko nanyana kuthatha isikhathi eside leso iinlwani ezingakghoni ukusibekezala (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Ngebanga lalokho, zigcina zihlongakala. === 2.      Indlala === Iinlwazi ezinengi ziyathiywa begodu zithiywa ngonengi khulu ukudlula iimbalo leyo ezikghona ukuvela ngayo (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Ukungezelele, iinlwani lezi zithiyelwa ukudliwa begodu abantu abanengi abatlhagako bathembekizo njengomthombo wokudla (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Lokhu kumraro. === 3.      Amarhwebo namabubulo === Amarhwebo namabubulo enza inzunzo esikhathi esinengi asebenzisa begodu athengisa iinlwani nemikghiqizo kanye nezitho zazo (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Ngebanga lokhu amarhwebo namabubulo la sele amanengi khulu begodu adisela imindeni yeenlwana lezi, iinlwani lezi ziyancipha ezinye ziphelile begodu azisaveli (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). === 4.      Ituthuko yamadorobha === Lokha nakwakhiwa iindawo namadorobha amatjha kususwa iindawo lapho iinlwana lezi ziphila khona begodu akukho la zifuduselwa nanyana zigcinwa khona (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Ukungezelela, ezinye zazo ziyabulawa ngomba zithathwa njengeenlwana eziyingozi (Fuanalytics 2023<ref name=":0" />). Ngebanga lalokhu, ziyancipha begodu zigcine zitjhabalele. Iinlwana, khulukhulu zendabuko nanyana zemvelo zifunwa ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa ukuze zikhazi ukufinyelela iinzukulwazi ezizako. Ziqakatheke khulu iinlwani njengomthombo wokudla, ingenismali kanye nemitjhoga. Ngalokho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele besizivikele ngaso soke isikhathi. == Iinkomba == {{Reflist}} 9yb90nqvw2mtuj1x58inqg4e8w5zow7 0 508 6681 5061 2026-06-09T15:49:17Z Nomsa Skosana 123 6681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isikolodo''' kukulokha uboleka inani elithileko lemali emuntwini nofana ebulungelweni lemali bese uzibophe bona uzoyibuyisa nini begodu bunjani. Esikhathini esiphila kiso ukwenza isikolodo sele kuyinto ejwayelekileko begodu kuyindlela yokuphila<ref>Debt: What It Is, How It Works, Types, and Ways to Pay Back</ref>. == Imihlobo yeenkolodo == ==== Isikolodo seentolo ==== Isikolodo seentolo ngilesi osenza lokha nawenza ikharada lesitolo esithileko bese uthatha ngalo izambatho ngesikolodo bese ubhadele kancani kancani imali oyikolodako njalo ngenyanga. Nawubhadela kuhle eentolo lezi bakukhuphulela Amandla wokuthuthenga okutjho bona bakhuphula inani lesikolodo ongasenza lokha ngokuthenga izambatho isikolodo<ref>https://legaladvice.org.za/what-happens-if-you-don-t-pay-your-clothing-account-in-south-africa/</ref>.Isikolodo sepahla sigenziwa ngunynana ngubani umuntu ongakghona ukuthi abuyisele imali yepahlal ayithetheko esitolo athenge kiso. Isitolo esinye nesinye siyasivuma bonyana abantu bathenge ipahla ngesikolodo. ==== Isikolodo sepahla ==== Lokha nawufuna ukuthenga ipahla yangendlini unganamali yokuthenga ngasikhathi sinye, uyakghona ukupha I diphozidi bese [[imali]] eseleko uyikhiphe kancani kancani ngenyanga. Isilokodo lesi basifaka amakonyana ngombana bakwenzele umusa bokuthi ukghone ukubhadela ngengcezu. Okumbi ngesikolodo lesi kukuthi lokha nawubhalelwa kubhadela kuhle [[ipahla]] oyithetheko abantu besitolo leso bayabuya bazokuthatha ipahla yabo. ==== Isikolodo sebulungelweni lemali ==== Ebulungelweni lemali ukghona ukwenza silokodo semali oyifunako ukuya ngokokuthi wena ukghola [[imali]] engangani lapho usebenza khona.Lokha nawenza isikolodo lesi kubanephepha lesivumelwano olitlikitlako elitjho bona uzokubhadela njani. Ungenza isikolodo semali ufuna ukwakha indlu, ufuna ukuthenga imodere, ufuna ukuyokubhadela iindleko zokufunda, nokwenza okhunye okuqakathekileko. Ebulungelweni lemali, imali obakoloda yona ugcina sele uyibuyisela nakonyana ngombana kibo ukuboleka umuntu imali kuyirhwebo<ref>Hollander, S. and Verriest, A., 2016. Bridging the gap: the design of bank loan contracts and distance. ''Journal of Financial Economics'', ''119''(2), pp.399-419.</ref>. === Ubuhle bokwenza isikolodo === Isikolodo siyakghona ukukulekelela ukghone ukufeza iindingo zakho msinya nanyana unganamali. Isikolodo singakukhupha emrarweni wemali oqalana nawo lokha nawufuna ukwenza into. Isibonelo umuntu angaboleka imali ebulungelweni lemali ukuyokubhadela ifundo yamaziko aphezulu ukuthi akghone ukuthola iziqu zakhe<ref>Pros and cons of debt - Economics Help</ref>. Abantu bakghona ukwenza iikolodo ukuze kuze bakghone ukuthuthukisa amaphilo wabo bese kuthi sele bacedile ukwenza njalo bese bavala iinkolodo zabo. Ukwenza isikodo kugenye yeendlela zokulekelela abantu bakghone ukuphila nanyana banganayo imali === Ubumbi bokwenza isikolodo === Lokha nawenza isikolodo ungangcina sele ubhadela imali edlula leyo gade uyibolekile. Ebulungelweni lemali bafaka amakonyana phezu kwemali leyo oyibolekileko ugcine sele ubhadala imali enengi<ref>Blanchard, O., 2019. Public debt and low interest rates. ''American Economic Review'', ''109''(4), pp.1197-1229.</ref>. Abanye bagcina sele benza iiinkolodo ezinengi khulu bese bahlulwe kuzibhadela bazithole sele banegama elimbi lokungabhadeli iinkolodo.Lokha nawubuyisela imali oyiboleke ebulungelweni lemali ungagcina sele uhlala unganamali ungakghoni nokondla umndeni wakho kuhle nangebe unganabo ubuhlakani bokusebenzisa imali. Ubumbi bokuboleka imali kukuthi lokha nawuhlulwa kusibhadela ngesikhathi isikolodo ungavela njengomuntu ongakathembeki bese bakufake encwadini enzima ugcine sele ungasakghoni nokuboleka imali kwezinye indawo ngombana kuzokuvela kizo zoke indawo bona wena umumuntu ongakghoni ukubhadela isikolodo<ref>Opwaka, R.P. and Wanyoike, D., An Assessment of the Attitudes of Blacklisted Bank Clients on Their Bank Use: A Case of Blacklisted National Bank Clients in Nakuru. Vancouver</ref>.Isikolodo kuyinto engamsiza omunye umuntu. Kufanele lokha anwenza isikolodo usenze wazi bona uzosibhadela njani begodu uqinisekeise bona ukghona ukuphila nasele ubhadela isikolodo. Nawenze isikolodo kufanele ubalekele ukuba negama elimbi lokungabhadeli ngokuthi ubhadele kuhle ngesikhathi isikolodo sakho. == Iinkomba == [[Category:Isikolodo]] [[Category:Imali]] [[Category:Ibulungelo lemali]] r0mzjlh2kdqptkxvz8mfz4o9komfszf 0 650 6679 3209 2026-06-09T15:45:58Z Nomsa Skosana 123 6679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iinkathi zomnyaka''' ngezinye izinto eziqakathekileko tle eemphakathini esiphila kiwo. Iinkathi zomnyaka zidlala indima ekulu okuyeleliseni iimphakathi ngalokho okungakulindela esikhathini ekiso nanyana esizako. Ezinye zezinto iinkathi zomnyaka eziyelelisa ngazo iimphakathi, kukudla ekufanelwe kutjalwe ngaleso skhathi. Eenhlokwaneni ezilandelako sizokutjheja imihlobo yeenkathi zomnyaka esinazo kanye nemisebenzi nanyana iinzuzo zazo. == '''Imihlobo yeenkathi zomnyaka:''' == Ngokuya kweNational Geographic (2025)<ref name=":0">'''National Geographic.''' 2025. ''Season''. Itholakala ku: <nowiki>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/season/</nowiki>. Ifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 12 kumGwengweni 2025].</ref> isekelwa yiWikipedia (2025)<ref>'''Wikipedia.''' 2025. S''eason''. Itholakala ku:<nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season</nowiki>. Ifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 12 kumGwengweni 2025].</ref>, zine (4) iinkathi zomnyaka. [[Iinkathi zomnyaka]] lezi yihlobo, isiruthwani, ubusika nesilimela. ==== '''1.    Ingabe kuyini ihlobo na?''' ==== [[Isimumathi:Ihlobo.jpg|thumb|192x192px|Umuthi notjani ehlobo]] Ihlobo kusikhathi somnyaka lapho ubujamo bezulu butjhisa khulu begodu kunezulu elinengi. Ngokuya kwe[https://www.livescience.com/25202-seasons.html Live Science (2025])<ref name=":1">'''Live Science.''' 2025. ''Seasons''. Itholakala ku:<nowiki>https://www.livescience.com/25202-seasons.html</nowiki>. Ifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 12 kumGwengweni 2025].</ref> isekelwa nguTrenberth (1983) <ref name=":2">'''Trenberth, K. E.''' 1983. What are the Seasons?. ''Bulletin American Meteorological Society'', 64(11):1276-1282. </ref>ihlobo esikhathini esinengi libonakala ngemithi notjani obuhlaza khulu begodu iintjalo zakhona zibazihle. Ukungezelela, kanti nefuyo nayo iyanona ngombana amadlelo anokudla okunengi tle. Nasitjheja bonyana ihlobo lingena beliphume nini na, sifunyana bona lingena ngoNobayeni begodu liphuma ekupheleni kukaMhlolanja (National Geographic 2025<ref name=":0" />). ==== '''2.    Kuyini isiruthwani na?''' ==== [[Isimumathi:Isiruthwani.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|Umuthi notjani ngesiruthwani]] Isiruthwani kusikhathi somnyaka lapho amazinga wobujamo bezulu ehla khona begodu nemithi sele ithoma ukulahlekelwa mbala yawo ehlaza iba zotho ([https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/season/ National Geographic 2025]<ref name=":0" />; noTrenberth 1983<ref name=":2" />). Ukungezelela, namakari wemithi athoma ukusuka nanyana ukuwa. Ngalesi isikhathi, ifuyo ithoma ukuzilungiselela isikhathi somnyana esibudisi, ubusika, njengombana nokudla nakho kuthoma ukuncipha (Live Science 2024<ref name=":1" />). Isiruthwani sona sikhathi somnyaka esilandelwa busika, ekutjho bonyana sithoma ngoNtaka kuphikela ekupheleni kukaSihlabantakana (National Geographic 2025). ==== '''3.    Kuyini ubusika na?''' ==== [[Isimumathi:Ubusika.jpg|thumb|217x217px|Umuthi notjani ebusika]] Ubusika kusikhathi somnyaka esibudisi khulu, lokha nasiqala ifuyo neentjalo. Ngokuya kweLive Science (2025) ubusika sikhathi somnyaka lapho amazinga wobujamo bezulu aphasi khulu begodu kumakhaza. Ukungezelela, kwezinye iindawo ebusika akuni izulu kodwana kuba negabhogo. INational Geographic (2025) isekelwa yi[https://www.twinkl.co.za/teaching-wiki/the-four-seasons Twinkl (2025)]<ref name=":3">'''Twinkl'''. 2025. ''The Four Seasons''. Itholakala ku:<nowiki>https://www.twinkl.co.za/teaching-wiki/the-four-seasons</nowiki>. Ifunyenwe [ngomhlaka 12 kumGwengweni 2025]. </ref> iveze bonyana ebusika ifuyo iyonda, kanti iintjalo ezinye ziyafa ngebanga lokutlhogeka kokudla namanzi. Ukungezelela, nabantu bezwa abakhaza khulu bagcine bagawula imithi eminengi ukuphemba umlilo. Ubusika kusikhathi somnyaka leso esilandela isiruthwani, ekutjho bona sithoma ekuthomeni kukaMrhayili kufikela ekupheleni kukaVelabahlinze (National Geographic 2025). ==== '''4.    Kuyini isilimela na?''' ==== [[Isimumathi:Isilimela.jpg|left|thumb|233x233px|Umuthi notjani ngesiruthwani]] Isilimela kusikhathi somnyaka leso esingatjho bona sikhathi esiletha ithemba eentjalweni, ebantwini nefuyweni. ITwinkl (2025)<ref name=":3" /> isekele iphuzulu leli lokha nayiveza bonyana isilimela kusikhathi somnyaka lapho amazinga wobujamo bezulu athoma ukukhuphuka begodu neentjalo zithoma ukutlhurha. Kodwana, kubuye kube nemililo eminengi yommango ezenzakalekako ngesikhathi lesi somnyaka. Ngokuya kweNational geographic (2025) isilimela kusikhathi somnyaka leso esilandela ubusika begodu sitjengisa bonyana ubusika buphelile. Ngamanye amagama, isikhathi lesi sithoma ekuthomeni kukaRhoboyi kufikela ekupheleni kukaKhukhulamungu. == '''Ingabe iinkathi zomnyaka ziletha ini eemphakathini na?''' == 1.    Iinkathi zomnyaka zibikela imiphakathi, iintjalo nefuyo mayelana nobujamo bebhoduluko ebangalilindela. Ngokuya kweTwinkl (2025) iikhathi zomnyaka zilitshwayo lokuthi abantu neentjalo nefuyo kufanele baphile njani ngaleso skhathi njengokuthi ebusika kufanele abantu bambathe ngokufudumeleko ngombana kunamakhaza, igabhogo nerhwaba imbala. 2.    Zilethela imiphakathi nefuyo ukudla okuhlukileko nekghonakalo yokutjala. Ngokuya kweLive Science (2025) iintjalo nokudla okutholakala ehlobo kuhlukileko nalokho okutholakala ebusika; isibonelo, amakhabe atholakala ehlobo kodwana ebusika akatholakali. 3.    Iinkathi zomnyaka zidlala indima ekulu ngaphasi kwezamaphilo womphakathi. Ngokuya kweNational Geographic (2025) ehlobo kutholakala iinhlahla ezinengi zokwelapha njengoba namagulo ayanda; kodwana, ebusika amagula ayancipha njengombana kumakhaza khulu. Iinkhathi zomnyaka ziqaketheke khulu eemphakathini begodu zidlala iindima ezikulu efana nokuyelelisa abantu ngokudla ekufanele bakudle, ukulawuleka kwamagulo kanye namazinga wokutjhisa. Ngalokho-ke, kuqakathekile bonyana ilwazi lazo silazi begodu sihlale siziyelelile ukuze sizuze kizo. == '''Umthombolwazi''' == <references /> 8j6lgt5q72b93croiirwumnot1y8ima 0 940 6683 5793 2026-06-09T15:53:06Z Nomsa Skosana 123 6683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Isimumathi:AgamaSinaita01 ST 10.jpg|thumb|Isibhadwa]] '''Iinrhurhubi''' kumhlobo eminengi ehlukileko yeembandana ekukade ikhona ephasini.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/animal/reptile Reptile | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts | Britannica]</ref> Zibonakala ngokuthi zinegazi elimakhaza, okutjho bona ukutjhis akomzimba walo kulawula libhoduluko ezikilo. Iinrhurhubi zikghona ukubekela amaqanda, zinamaqabunga begodu ziyaphefumula. Ziphila iskhathi eside, zinemihlathi enamandla, ezinye zinetjhefu, ezinye zinekghona lokutjhukulula umbala njenge ndlela yokuzifihla nazifika ngaphasi kwebhoduluko elithileko. == Imihlobo yeenrhurhubi == 1. Iinyoka zona zide begodu azinazo iinyawo, zihlala endaweni ehlukahlukeno njengehlabathini enengi, ehlathini, nofana endaweni ezizele ngamanzi. Zidla inyama begodu zinekghono lokunukelele elikhethekileko. Inyoka nakufika ubusika ziyakhamba ziyokubhaca endaweni ezifihlakeleko ngombana azizwani namakhaza. Azinalo ikghono lokukhulisa abantwana bazo, zibeka amaqanda bese ziwatjhiye lapho, ngaphandle kokuthi ziwa nakekele. Inyoka ziyahluka ngobungozi, ezinye ziyingozi ngokuthi zikhufula itjhefu engabulala umuntu, ezinye zingozi ngokuthi yakuthola iyakuntantela kabuhlungu ikubulaler ngokukuvala ummoya. Ezinye inyoka azisiyo ingozi. 2. Iimbadwa kusiqhema seenrhurhubi ezingasizikulu ngokomzimba, zinemisila emide begodu zikghona ukuthi zifihle nofana zitjhuguluke umbala wazo lokha nazingaphasi kwebhoduluko elithileko. Iimbadwa zikghona ukuthi zikhulise imisila yazo kabutjha nangabe kheyahlephuka.<ref>O'Malley, B., 2017. Anatomy and physiology of reptiles. ''Reptile medicine and surgery in clinical practice'', pp.15-32.</ref>Iimbadwa zinamaqephe aqinileko atjhelelelako nofana arhwarako ukwenzela kuthi zikghone ukuvikeleka ebhodulukweni ezihlala kilo. Zinama zipho eziwasebenzisako ukugubha, ukukakarela ezintweni. Amazipho wazo angaba made, ahlabe,abe dege nofana apatalale ngokuya kwendawo lapho sitholakala khona. 3. Amafudu: kuzirhurhubi lezi ezinamaqephe lawa azivikelako emzimbeni bona ungalimali. Zitholakala ebhodulukweni elizele ngamanzi elifana nelwandle, emlanjeni nofana emadamini. Zibuthaka ngokukhamba begodu zikghona ukuphila isikhathi eside. Amanye amafudu adla inyama efana namfesi begodu lawa amanye adla utjani, amanye alde nanoma yini. Iinrhurhubi lezi zikghona ukuphila emabhodulukweni ahlukahlukeneko ngaphandle kokuthikamezeka. Amafudu wemanzini akghona ukukhamba ibanga elide ngaphandle kokudinwa. 4. Iingwenya kuzimbana ezikulu ezidla inyama ezitholakala endaweni ezitjhisako nezingatjhisi khulu. Zinemihlathi enamandla begodu kuzimbana ezinenturhu ngokuphatha. Imisila yengwenya mide begodu inamandla.Ziceda iskhathi zaso esinengi emanzini kodwana ziyakghona nokuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi bese zothele ilanga. ''I-alligator-'' kuzimbandana ezifana neengwenya ngokubukeka kodwna wona atholakala ebhodulukweni elinamanzi akhambako njengemilanjeni. Nawo adla inyama, Anomphimbo obanzi oyindulungu.<ref>Vliet, K.A., 2020. ''Alligators: the illustrated guide to their biology, behavior, and conservation''. JHU Press.</ref> == Amathswayo weenrhurhubi == ==== Isikhumba esiliqephe nokubeka amaqanda ==== Iirhurhubi zibonakala ngokuthi umzimba yazo ivalwe maqephe ngaphandle. Amaqephe wakhona enziwe nge-Keratin ekuyiphrotheyini le eyenza amazipho neenhluthi zabantu zemvelo. Amaqephela la avikela iinrhurhubi begodu ayazilekela bonyana zingalahlekelwa mamanzi emzimbeni. Iirhurhubi ezinengi zikghona ukubeka [[amaqanda]] kodwana kungasi zoke. Amaqanda wakhona aneqephe eliqinilko ngombana livikela  umbungu osakhulako.<ref>Blackburn, D.G., 2018. Reproduction in reptiles. ''Encyclopedia of reproduction'', ''6'', pp.573-578.</ref> ==== Ukuphefumula negazi elimakhaza ==== Iirhurhubi ziphefumula ummoya wazi zisebenzisa umaphaphu, begodu zinendlela  ezinengi ezizisebezisako ukuthi zikghone ukuthi zibulunge i-oksijini Kanye nanzi emzimbeni.  Zinegazi elimakhaza okutjo bona zokghona ukulawula ukutjhisa komzimba wazo zibenzisa izinto ezingaphande ebhodulukweni lazo ezifana nelanga, ilitje elibambe umtjhiso.<ref>[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2024.0129 Cold-blooded culture? Assessing cultural behaviour in reptiles and its potential conservation implications | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]</ref>Azikghoni ukukhipha umtjhiso ngaphakathi. === Indima edlalwa ziinrhurhubi ebhodulukweni === Inrhurhubi zidlala indima eqakathekileko ehlelweni lemveko ngombana zikghona ukuthi zibe ziinyamzana ezidla ezinye nofana zona zibe ziinyamanzana ezidliwako. Ngokubanjalo zikghona ukuthi zilekelele ukuthi inani leendwa lihla linzinzile begodu nemvelo inzinze. Zimthombo wokudla wezinye imbandana nebantwini. Ziqakathekile emasikweni wabantu ngombana zinamathswayo wamandla, nobude besikhathi. == Iinkomba == [[Category:Iimbadwa]] [[Category: inrhurhubi]] [[Category:Iinlwa ezibeka amaqanda]] qpdlf2jz8ds4bmtf1o0fkiveshy2hsw