Wikiphidiya nrwiki https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Iinrhatjhi Khethekileko Asiqongelane Umsebenzisi Umsebenzisi asiqongelane Wikiphidiya Wikiphidiya asiqongelane Isimumathi Isimumathi asiqongelane MediaWiki MediaWiki asiqongelane Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo asiqongelane Lisizo Lisizo asiqongelane Mkhakha Mkhakha asiqongelane TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Umsebenzisi:Mosakaruka/Draft Page 3 2 576 6765 6128 2026-08-06T06:08:05Z Mosakaruka 586 New article 6765 wikitext text/x-wiki == Draft Space 3 == == I-''Capitalism'' == == [[Isimumathi:Anti-capitalism color.jpg|link=https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimumathi:Anti-capitalism%20color.jpg|thumb|Umdwebo ofanisa ihlelo le-Capitalism]]'''I-''Capitalism'' namkha ihlelo lokuthola inzuzo''' lihlelo elilawula ezomnotho lapha ipahla nomkhiqizo wayo kulawulwa babantu abazijameleko namkha mabubulo azijameleko ngehloso yokufumana inzuzo. Abantwaba ngibo ababeka intengo yepahla ethengiswako ngendlela yokuthi bona bathole abakufunako ngokunikela umphakathi lokho okufunako. Ihlelweli lande khulukhulu eenarheni zangetjingalanga. Ihloso ekulu ye-capitalism kuthola inzuzo kilokho okuthengiswako. Ngokwesazi sefilosofi u-Adam Smith, sangabo-1700 okunguye oqalwa njengobaba weemfundo zezomnotho zanamhlanjesi, uthi: "Usosilarha, umtlhodlhi wotjwala namkha umbhagi abenzi umusa nabenza umsebenzabo, kodwana bawenza ngebanga lenzuzo abayifunako." Amahlangothi womabili ayathengiselana ngokuzithandela khona azokuthola inzuzo ngaphandle kokutjho lokho akufunako kwamambala. Lokho umuntu akufunako ngikho okwenza umnotho ukhule bewuphumelele.<ref name=":0">International Monetary Fund (2026), ''Free markets may not be perfect but they are probably the best way to organize an economy.'' Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/series/back-to-basics/capitalism. Retrieved on 14/07/2026.</ref> Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo nezenzelwa ngaphasi kwe-''capitalism'' kusekelwe ezintweni ezifunekako nezinto ezitholakalako. Okuletha inzuzo njengamafekthri, amamayini neemporo, zingalawula bezibe ngezomuntu ozijameleko, abasebenzako bangabhadelwa ngemali, abanikazi abazijameleko bangathola inzuzo, intengo yalokho okuthengiswako ingaletha inzuzo nomsebenzi ephaliswaneni lezerhwebo. Nanyana ihlelweli le-''capitalism'' lisisekelo sawo woke ama-ikonomi akhona namhlanjesi, eminyakeni elikhulu edlulileko belingelinye lamahlelo amabili aphalisanako. Elinye bekuyi-''socialism,'' lapha urhulumende kunguye olawula amabhizinisi nendlela yokhiqiza bona yandise ipahla yomphakathi kunokuthi kutholakale inzuzo.<ref name=":0" /> == == Umlando We-''Capitalism'' == == Nanyana ukuthuthukiswa kwe-''capitalism'' njengehlelo bekwenzeka ngeminyaka yabo-1500, iinhlangano zabantu abafuna inzuzo bezisolo zikhona kwekadeni, begodu abantwaba bebasolo benza inzuzo eYurobhu ngaphambi kwalokho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-''capitalism'' bekudoswa phambili kukhula kwebubulo elithengisa itjhila lamaNgisi ngabo-1500, 1600, nabo-1700. Into ebeyiletha ithuthuko le ehlukanisa i-''capitalism'' kwamanye amahlelo wangaphambilini bekukusetjeniswa kwenzuzo ukukhulisa izinga lokukhiqiza kunokuthi ifakwe ezintweni ezingalethi inzuzo, njengamaphiramidi nama-''cathedral''.<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica (2026) C''apitalism,'' Britannica Money.Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/money/capitalism. Retrieved on 15/07/2026.</ref> Ngaphambi kwe-''capitalism'' bekunamanye amahlelo wokukhiqiza neenhlangano zomphakathi ebekungizo ezidosa phambili ngalesosikhathi. == === I-''feudalism -'' Imirabhu Ye-''capitalism'' === == I-''capitalism'' kuhlekuhle libelethwa lihlelo le-''feudalism.'' Bekube seminyakeni yabo-1100, bancane khulu abantu ebebahlala emalokitjhini. Abasebenzi abanamakghono ahlukahlukeneko bebahlala edorobheni kodwana banikelwe indawo yokufihla ihloko makhosana awabizwa bona ma-feudal esikhundleni sokubanikela umrholo, begodu bebabalimi beenkhulu zakhona. Nanyana kunjalo, nakuphela iminyaka yesikhathi esiphakathi kwathoma kwaqubuka amalokitjhi, bese amadorobho waba yindawo yomsebenzi neyokurhwebelana, lokho kwenza ezomnotho zaba yinto eqakathekileko. Ngaphasi kwehlelo le-feudalism, umphakathi wahlukaniswa ngokweengaba kuye ngokuthi ubelethelwe kimuphi umndeni nesigaba umndenakho okiso. Iinkhulu (iintatanyiswa) bekubanikazi benarha, bese ababasebenzelako bebanganayo inarha kodwana bebaqatjhwa ziinkhulu. Kwathi lokha izinto nazitjhugulukela ekubeni khona kwamafemu namafekthri, indlela yokurhwebelana yatjhuguluka, begodu yakhuthaza abantu bona bathuthele emalokitjhini lapha bazokwenza khona imali enengana basebenza emafektrhi kunokuthi basebenzela iinkhulu.<ref name=":1">By Daniel Liberto (Updated June 30, 2026) ''What Is Capitalism? History, Pros & Cons, vs. Socialism,'' investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalism.asp. Retrieed on 20/07/2026.</ref> == === I-''Mercantilism'' === == Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, ihlelo elibizwa bona yi-mercantilisim langena esikhundleni se-feudalism eTjingalanga Yurobhu, begodu laba lihlelo eliyihloko elilawula ezomnotho nezeemali phakathi kwabo-1500 nabo-1600. Ihlelweli lathoma ngokurhwebelana emiphakathini yamalokitjhi ahlukahlukeneko, kodwana belinganayo iphaliswano. Ekuthomeni esinye nesinye isigoga besinikela ngemikhiqizo nezenzelwa, okwathi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi imikhiqizo nezenzelwezo zafana zangaba namatshwayo azihlukanisako, ikani nazenza umsebenzi lowo ezenzelwe wona kuye ngetlhogeko yazo. Ngemva kokuthi imikhiqizo nezenzelwa zibe njalo, irhwebo belenziwa miphakathi emikhudlwana: kusukela kwelinye ilokitjhi kuya kwelinye, kusukela kwenye inarha ukuya kwenye, isifunda nesifunda ekugcineni isitjhaba ngesitjhaba. Kwathi bona iintjhaba ezinengi zirhwebelane ngepahla efanako, irhwebo lathola ukuba nephaliswano, kwathoma kwaba nobutjhaba enarhakazini ebeyisolo iqalana nezipi.<ref name=":1" /> I-''colonialism'' yathoma yadlondlobala ikhambisana ne-''mercantilism,'' kodwana iintjhaba lezi ezifika kwezinye bese zihlale khona bezilinga ukukhulisa irhwebo lazo. Kuhlekuhle i-''colonialism'' yenziwa ngebanga lehlelo lezomnotho elibelethwe yi-''feudalism.'' Ipahla ebeyitholwa eenarheni ezikholonayiziweko bezisiwa enarheni ekholonayizileko, ngokwesibonelo kiwo woke amakoloni we-Britain aseTlhagwini Amerikha, akatelelwa bona athenge kabutjha umkhiqizo osele uqediwe ngemali ebeyibenza amakoloni la angakghoni ukurhwebelana nezinye iinarha.<ref name=":1" />[[Isimumathi:Adam Smith The Muir portrait.jpg|link=https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimumathi:Adam%20Smith%20The%20Muir%20portrait.jpg|thumb|Isazi sezomnotho nesefilosophi u-Adam Smith]]Kulapha-ke isazi sezomnotho u-Adam Smith alemuka khona bona i-mercantilism lihlelo elibuyiselana emuva ebelibangela ukungalingani phakathi kweetjhaba, begodu elingazivumeli iintjhabezo bona zithuthuke. Ifundiswakhe yokuthi abantu bathengiselane ngendlela etjhaphulukileko ngiyo eyenza iphasi lalemuka i-capitalism.<ref name=":1" /> == === Ukukhula Kwe-indastri === == Amaphuzu ka-Adam Smith afika ngesikhathi esihle, njengombana i-Industrial Revolution besele ithoma umsikinyeko ebewuzokusikinya loke iphasi langetjingalanga. I-colonialisim ilethe umnotho omutjha netlhogeko etjha yemikhiqizo ye-indastri, eyenza izikweli lathuthuka ekwenzeni amahlelo wokukhiqiza. Njengombana itheknoloji ithuthuka, amafekthri akhenge asasebenzisa imilambo namawindimili bona akhambise imitjhini, kodwana bathoma ukwakha iindawo zabo emadorobheni amakhulu lapha kunabantu abanengi abangabasebenzela. == == Iinsekelo Okwakhelwe Kizo I-''capitalism'' == == I-Capitalism yakhelwe kileziinsekelo ezilandelako: * Ipahla kufuze ibe ngeyomuntu namkha ikhamphani ezijameleko. Lokho kwenza abantu babe banikazi bepahla enjengenarha nezindlu namkha amabhondi nama-''stocks.'' * Kufuze isekelwe kulokho umuntu azivunela khona mathupha ngaphandle kokuthi bakatelelwe mphakathi namkha urhulumende. Nanyana abantwaba bazilawula bona ngokwalokho abakufunako. * Kufuze kube nephaliswano, amafemu kufuze abe netjhaphuluko yokungenga nokuphuma emamakethe, izuzise bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengi balowomkhiqizo. * Ihlelo lemakethe okungilo elibeka intengo ngendlela yayo phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi * Kufuze ube netjhaphuluko yokukhetha okuthengako, okukhiqizako notjala imalakho kikho, kube nabantu abazokuzuza khulu ngalokho ingasi epahleni nezenzelweni kwaphela kodwana nendleleni abarhola ngayo. == == Iinkhombo == <references /> ecvpry8dgs4q34dhopja2ist5blsipm 6766 6765 2026-08-06T06:11:51Z Mosakaruka 586 edited 6766 wikitext text/x-wiki == Draft Space 3 == == I-''Capitalism'' == [[Isimumathi:Anti-capitalism color.jpg|link=https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimumathi:Anti-capitalism%20color.jpg|thumb|Umdwebo ofanisa ihlelo le-Capitalism]]'''I-''Capitalism'' namkha ihlelo lokuthola inzuzo''' lihlelo elilawula ezomnotho lapha ipahla nomkhiqizo wayo kulawulwa babantu abazijameleko namkha mabubulo azijameleko ngehloso yokufumana inzuzo. Abantwaba ngibo ababeka intengo yepahla ethengiswako ngendlela yokuthi bona bathole abakufunako ngokunikela umphakathi lokho okufunako. Ihlelweli lande khulukhulu eenarheni zangetjingalanga. Ihloso ekulu ye-capitalism kuthola inzuzo kilokho okuthengiswako. Ngokwesazi sefilosofi u-Adam Smith, sangabo-1700 okunguye oqalwa njengobaba weemfundo zezomnotho zanamhlanjesi, uthi: "Usosilarha, umtlhodlhi wotjwala namkha umbhagi abenzi umusa nabenza umsebenzabo, kodwana bawenza ngebanga lenzuzo abayifunako." Amahlangothi womabili ayathengiselana ngokuzithandela khona azokuthola inzuzo ngaphandle kokutjho lokho akufunako kwamambala. Lokho umuntu akufunako ngikho okwenza umnotho ukhule bewuphumelele.<ref name=":0">International Monetary Fund (2026), ''Free markets may not be perfect but they are probably the best way to organize an economy.'' Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/series/back-to-basics/capitalism. Retrieved on 14/07/2026.</ref> Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo nezenzelwa ngaphasi kwe-''capitalism'' kusekelwe ezintweni ezifunekako nezinto ezitholakalako. Okuletha inzuzo njengamafekthri, amamayini neemporo, zingalawula bezibe ngezomuntu ozijameleko, abasebenzako bangabhadelwa ngemali, abanikazi abazijameleko bangathola inzuzo, intengo yalokho okuthengiswako ingaletha inzuzo nomsebenzi ephaliswaneni lezerhwebo. Nanyana ihlelweli le-''capitalism'' lisisekelo sawo woke ama-ikonomi akhona namhlanjesi, eminyakeni elikhulu edlulileko belingelinye lamahlelo amabili aphalisanako. Elinye bekuyi-''socialism,'' lapha urhulumende kunguye olawula amabhizinisi nendlela yokhiqiza bona yandise ipahla yomphakathi kunokuthi kutholakale inzuzo.<ref name=":0" /> == Umlando We-''Capitalism'' == Nanyana ukuthuthukiswa kwe-''capitalism'' njengehlelo bekwenzeka ngeminyaka yabo-1500, iinhlangano zabantu abafuna inzuzo bezisolo zikhona kwekadeni, begodu abantwaba bebasolo benza inzuzo eYurobhu ngaphambi kwalokho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-''capitalism'' bekudoswa phambili kukhula kwebubulo elithengisa itjhila lamaNgisi ngabo-1500, 1600, nabo-1700. Into ebeyiletha ithuthuko le ehlukanisa i-''capitalism'' kwamanye amahlelo wangaphambilini bekukusetjeniswa kwenzuzo ukukhulisa izinga lokukhiqiza kunokuthi ifakwe ezintweni ezingalethi inzuzo, njengamaphiramidi nama-''cathedral''.<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica (2026) C''apitalism,'' Britannica Money.Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/money/capitalism. Retrieved on 15/07/2026.</ref> Ngaphambi kwe-''capitalism'' bekunamanye amahlelo wokukhiqiza neenhlangano zomphakathi ebekungizo ezidosa phambili ngalesosikhathi. == I-''feudalism -'' Imirabhu Ye-''capitalism'' == I-''capitalism'' kuhlekuhle libelethwa lihlelo le-''feudalism.'' Bekube seminyakeni yabo-1100, bancane khulu abantu ebebahlala emalokitjhini. Abasebenzi abanamakghono ahlukahlukeneko bebahlala edorobheni kodwana banikelwe indawo yokufihla ihloko makhosana awabizwa bona ma-feudal esikhundleni sokubanikela umrholo, begodu bebabalimi beenkhulu zakhona. Nanyana kunjalo, nakuphela iminyaka yesikhathi esiphakathi kwathoma kwaqubuka amalokitjhi, bese amadorobho waba yindawo yomsebenzi neyokurhwebelana, lokho kwenza ezomnotho zaba yinto eqakathekileko. Ngaphasi kwehlelo le-feudalism, umphakathi wahlukaniswa ngokweengaba kuye ngokuthi ubelethelwe kimuphi umndeni nesigaba umndenakho okiso. Iinkhulu (iintatanyiswa) bekubanikazi benarha, bese ababasebenzelako bebanganayo inarha kodwana bebaqatjhwa ziinkhulu. Kwathi lokha izinto nazitjhugulukela ekubeni khona kwamafemu namafekthri, indlela yokurhwebelana yatjhuguluka, begodu yakhuthaza abantu bona bathuthele emalokitjhini lapha bazokwenza khona imali enengana basebenza emafektrhi kunokuthi basebenzela iinkhulu.<ref name=":1">By Daniel Liberto (Updated June 30, 2026) ''What Is Capitalism? History, Pros & Cons, vs. Socialism,'' investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalism.asp. Retrieed on 20/07/2026.</ref> == I-''Mercantilism'' == Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, ihlelo elibizwa bona yi-mercantilisim langena esikhundleni se-feudalism eTjingalanga Yurobhu, begodu laba lihlelo eliyihloko elilawula ezomnotho nezeemali phakathi kwabo-1500 nabo-1600. Ihlelweli lathoma ngokurhwebelana emiphakathini yamalokitjhi ahlukahlukeneko, kodwana belinganayo iphaliswano. Ekuthomeni esinye nesinye isigoga besinikela ngemikhiqizo nezenzelwa, okwathi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi imikhiqizo nezenzelwezo zafana zangaba namatshwayo azihlukanisako, ikani nazenza umsebenzi lowo ezenzelwe wona kuye ngetlhogeko yazo. Ngemva kokuthi imikhiqizo nezenzelwa zibe njalo, irhwebo belenziwa miphakathi emikhudlwana: kusukela kwelinye ilokitjhi kuya kwelinye, kusukela kwenye inarha ukuya kwenye, isifunda nesifunda ekugcineni isitjhaba ngesitjhaba. Kwathi bona iintjhaba ezinengi zirhwebelane ngepahla efanako, irhwebo lathola ukuba nephaliswano, kwathoma kwaba nobutjhaba enarhakazini ebeyisolo iqalana nezipi.<ref name=":1" /> I-''colonialism'' yathoma yadlondlobala ikhambisana ne-''mercantilism,'' kodwana iintjhaba lezi ezifika kwezinye bese zihlale khona bezilinga ukukhulisa irhwebo lazo. Kuhlekuhle i-''colonialism'' yenziwa ngebanga lehlelo lezomnotho elibelethwe yi-''feudalism.'' Ipahla ebeyitholwa eenarheni ezikholonayiziweko bezisiwa enarheni ekholonayizileko, ngokwesibonelo kiwo woke amakoloni we-Britain aseTlhagwini Amerikha, akatelelwa bona athenge kabutjha umkhiqizo osele uqediwe ngemali ebeyibenza amakoloni la angakghoni ukurhwebelana nezinye iinarha.<ref name=":1" />[[Isimumathi:Adam Smith The Muir portrait.jpg|link=https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimumathi:Adam%20Smith%20The%20Muir%20portrait.jpg|thumb|Isazi sezomnotho nesefilosophi u-Adam Smith]]Kulapha-ke isazi sezomnotho u-Adam Smith alemuka khona bona i-mercantilism lihlelo elibuyiselana emuva ebelibangela ukungalingani phakathi kweetjhaba, begodu elingazivumeli iintjhabezo bona zithuthuke. Ifundiswakhe yokuthi abantu bathengiselane ngendlela etjhaphulukileko ngiyo eyenza iphasi lalemuka i-capitalism.<ref name=":1" /> == Ukukhula Kwe-indastri == Amaphuzu ka-Adam Smith afika ngesikhathi esihle, njengombana i-Industrial Revolution besele ithoma umsikinyeko ebewuzokusikinya loke iphasi langetjingalanga. I-colonialisim ilethe umnotho omutjha netlhogeko etjha yemikhiqizo ye-indastri, eyenza izikweli lathuthuka ekwenzeni amahlelo wokukhiqiza. Njengombana itheknoloji ithuthuka, amafekthri akhenge asasebenzisa imilambo namawindimili bona akhambise imitjhini, kodwana bathoma ukwakha iindawo zabo emadorobheni amakhulu lapha kunabantu abanengi abangabasebenzela. == Iinsekelo Okwakhelwe Kizo I-''capitalism'' == I-Capitalism yakhelwe kileziinsekelo ezilandelako: * Ipahla kufuze ibe ngeyomuntu namkha ikhamphani ezijameleko. Lokho kwenza abantu babe banikazi bepahla enjengenarha nezindlu namkha amabhondi nama-''stocks.'' * Kufuze isekelwe kulokho umuntu azivunela khona mathupha ngaphandle kokuthi bakatelelwe mphakathi namkha urhulumende. Nanyana abantwaba bazilawula bona ngokwalokho abakufunako. * Kufuze kube nephaliswano, amafemu kufuze abe netjhaphuluko yokungenga nokuphuma emamakethe, izuzise bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengi balowomkhiqizo. * Ihlelo lemakethe okungilo elibeka intengo ngendlela yayo phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi * Kufuze ube netjhaphuluko yokukhetha okuthengako, okukhiqizako notjala imalakho kikho, kube nabantu abazokuzuza khulu ngalokho ingasi epahleni nezenzelweni kwaphela kodwana nendleleni abarhola ngayo. == Iinkhombo == <references /> p8jgk7h3qhnejbbf3i2lm42xucc9jbk Ukufika KwamaBhuru ESewula Afrika 0 1024 6767 6138 2026-08-06T06:19:05Z Mosakaruka 586 edited 6767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Isimumathi:Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg|thumb|260x260px|Iflarha le-VOC (Dutch East India Company)]] '''AmaDatjhi''' '''(ngokhamba kwesikhathi abizwa ngamaBhuru)''' afika esewula ne-Afrika, eKapa, ngomhla we-6 kuSihlabantangana ngo-1652. Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu badoswa phambili ngu-Jan Van Riebeeck. Isizathu esenza amaDatjhi azithole aseKapa yindaba yezerhwebo. Abantwaba bebangaphasi kwekhamphani ebizwa bona yi-''Dutch East India Company'' (V''ereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie'' ''-'' VOC).<ref name=":0">South African History Online (13 January 2024) ''The Dutch Settlement.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/article/dutch-settlement Retrieved on 01/01/2026.</ref> Ikhamphani le beyithatha ipahla, ikhambe amalwandle ngemikhumbi, iyoyithengisa eNdiya. Yeke ngebanga lokubalekela iingebengu zelwandle beyizomba inarhakazi yoke ye-Afrika. Kodwana ibangeli belilide khulu, begodu imikhumbi beyiphelelwa kukudla isendleleni. Yeke bekufuze kube nendawo lapha bangajama khona baphumule bathole nokudla okuzobafikisa eNdiya, iinthelo, imirorho, inyama namanzi ahlanzekileko ebekutholakala budisi kezinye iindawo. IKapa yaba ngileyondawo, ngikho nje beyibizwa bona yi-''Cape of Good Hope''.<ref name=":2" /> U-Jan Van Riebeeck wabona indawo le asendleleni ebuyela emva e-Holland, avela eJapani, njengombana bekathengisela i-VOC iinkhumba. Wathi nakehla emkhunjini eKapa, wabona indawo le ingaba yihle khulu bona imikhumbi ye-VOC ingaphumulela khona bese iraga nekhambo layo itjhinge eNdiya.<ref name=":2" /> == U-Jan Van Riebeeck - 1647 == [[Isimumathi:Jan van Riebeeck cropped.jpg|thumb|U-Jan Van Riebeeck]] Kuhlekuhle bekungasikokuthoma amaDatjhi afika ngo-1652. Bakhe bafika okokuthoma ngenyanga kaNtaka ngo-1647 bakhamba ngomkhumbi obizwa bona yi-''Nieuwe Haarlem''. Umkhumbi lo wafika waphahlazeka eKapa. Abasinda emkhunjini lowo bafika bakha indawo abayibiza bona yi-''Sand Fort of the Cape of Good Hope.'' Bahlala lapho pheze umnyaka woke. Ekugcineni kwafika imikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Komunye wemikhumbi le bekunendoda ebizwa bona ngu-Jan Van Riebeeck.<ref name=":1">Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), ''The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806.'' Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.</ref><ref name=":2">South African History Online (17 October 2011), ''Jan van Riebeeck.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retreived on 03/01/2026.</ref> [[U-Jan Van Riebeeck]] (U-''Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" Van Riebeeck'') wabelethwa ngomhla ka-21 kuSihlabantangana 1619 e-Culemborg, e-Netherlands abelethwa nguyise ungodorhodere ohlinzako. Wakhulela e-Schiedam, e-Netherlands, kwathi ngomhla wama-28 kuNtaka 1649, watjhada u-''Maria de la Queillerie'', waba nabantwana ababunane naye.<ref name=":2" /> U-Jan Van Riebeeck waba lilunga le-''Dutch East India Company'' (''Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie'' - VOC) ngo-1639 lapha athoma khona ukuba msizi kadorhodere ohlinzako ekhambeni labo lokuya e-Batavia (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Jakarta) ngenyanga kaSihlabantangana 1639 bese batjhinga e-Nagasaki eJapani ngo-1643.<ref name=":2" /> Ngo-1645 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wanikelwa isabelo sokuba mphathi wesitetjhi sokurhwebela se-VOC ebesise-Tongkin e-''French Indochina'' (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Vietnam). Wehliswa esikhundleneso ngebanga lokuthi besele azenzela irhwebo lakhe langeqadi, okuphula umthetho wekhamphani othi abaphathi akukafuzi bazenzele irhwebo ngeqadi ngepahla yekhamphani. Kwathi bona ehliswe esikhundleni, wazithola sele kufuze abuyele emva e-Netherlands ayoqalana nemilandu yakhe. Ngikho-ke besele atholakala komunye wemikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Wafika e-''Table Bay'' hlanu kwe-''Cape of Good Hope'' wahlala khona amalanga ali-18. Lokho kwamnikela isikhathi sokuqalisisa indawo, nokucabanga bona angayisebenzisa njani ekwenzeni bona i-VOC imthembe godu. Wayibona iyindawo enganikela ngokudla namanzi kabakhamba ngemikhumbi.<ref name=":2" /> Njengombana umkhumbi i-''Nieuwe Haerlem'' waphahlazeka ngo-1647, abasindileko bakha indawo lapho, u-Jan Van Riebeeck walemuka indlela ebebarhwebelana ngayo namaKhoikhoi njengombana balinde ukutakulwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke watlola umbiko ngendawo le nangakho koke akubonileko, bewahlongoza bona indawo le ingaba yindawo ehle khulu i-VOC engayisebenzisa. Umbiko lo watlolwa ngo-1648 wathunyelwa ekhamphanini. Kwathi ngo-1651 i-VOC yathatha isiqunto sokuthi indawo ye-''Cape of Good Hope'' ayisetjenziselwe iminqopho yekhamphani.<ref name=":2" /> I-VOC yakhetha yena u-Jan Van Riebeeck bona kube nguye umdosiphambili ozokuhloma isitetjhi sokuphumula semikhumbi yamaDatjhi khona izokuthola ukudla okutjha okunepilo namanzi ahlanzekileko. Kwaba kusuka kwakhe-ke u-Jan Van Riebeeck, asuka e-Texel, e-Netherlands ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 bewayokufika e-''Table Bay'' ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.<ref name=":2" /> Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-''Dromedaris'', i-''Reijger,'' i-''Goede Hoop,'' i-''Oliphant'' ne-''Walvisch''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ukufika KwamaDatjhi - 1652 == [[Isimumathi:VOC ship Phenix.jpg|thumb|Imikhumbi yamaDatjhi ifika eKapa]] U-Jan Van Riebeeck wasuka ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 e-Texel, e-Netherlands, wafika ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.<ref name=":2" /> Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-''Dromedaris'', i-''Reijger,'' i-''Goede Hoop,'' i-''Oliphant'' ne-''Walvisch.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />'' Emithathu le ngiyo eyafika qangi, ngikho kwaziwa khulu le emithathu, le eminye imikhumbi emibili yafika mva. Ekufikeni kwakhe nabantu ebekakhamba nabo ngemikhumbi le wafika wakha indawo yobuphephelo ebizwa bona yi-''Fort de Goede Hoop (Fort of Good Hope).'' Bafika batjala endaweni leyo, kodwana iintjalo zabo khenge zitlhurhe kuhle, mhlamunye ngebanga lobujamo bezulu obungafani nobe-Netherlands, netjharagano ebeliphakathi kwamadoda ebekakhamba nawo nakufuze basebenze batlhgomele imikhumbu edlulako. Abantu bebabancani umsebenzi umnengi.<ref name=":2" /> Kwathi ngo-1655 u-Van Riebeeck wabika bona ngaphandle kwabantu abazimisele ukusebenza emasimini, isitetjhesi sizokubhalelwa ukwenza umsebenzi esihloselwe wona. Kwathi ngo-1657, i-VOC yathumela abalimi ababhadelwako, ngombandela wokuthi balime inarha bebathengisele ikhamphani iintjalo abazilimileko. Ngibo laba ebebabizwa bona ma-''Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)''. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathatha isikhathi sakhe soke atjala bekakhiqiza amagrepsi, ama-apula namazambana, ukudla okuzokuba lisizo khulu emikhumbini edlulako. Kwathi ngo-1659 besele anesivuno samagrepsi ebesikhiqiza iwayini elibovu elilwisana nobulwele be-''scurvy,'' njengombana besele alemukile bona ukusela iwayini kuyabuvikela ubulwelobu ngokwezinga elithileko.<ref name=":2" /> == Ama-Khoikhoi == Ukuthoma kokufika kwamaDatjhi eKapa (''Cape of Good Hope'') khenge kubamangaze abantu bendabuko bendawo leyo ama-Khoikhoi. AmaDatjhi afika nje ama-Khoikhoi besele kukade arhwebelana namaPutukezi, amaFrentji namaNgisi. Nangaphezu kokufika kuka-Van Riebeeck, ngokuya kuka-Knox‑Johnson, phakathi nomnyaka wabo-1600 kuya ku-1700, besele kudlule imikhumbi yamaDatjhi eziyi-1 730. Yeke amaKhoikhoi bekangawaqabuki amaDatjhi ngesikhatheso.<ref>Helen Swingler (22 September 2021) ''Heritage Month: The Khoi encountered Europeans long before Van Riebeeck,'' University of Cape Town News. Retrieved from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-09-22-the-khoi-encountered-europeans-long-before-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.</ref> [[Isimumathi:Khoikhoi Hottentot p197.jpg|thumb|Ama-Khoikhoi]] Esikhathini sokufika kwamaDatjhi bekunendoda ebizwa bona ngu-Autshumato, namkha u-Autshumao, amaDatjhi ebebambiza bona ngu-''Harry die Strandloper''. [[U-Autshumato]] bekayikosi yesitjhaba samaKhoikhoi ebesibizwa bona ma-''Gorinhaikona''. Isitetjhana sokurhwebelana nabantu bemikhumbi sathonywa nguye.<ref name=":3">Roben Island Museum (13 May 2017) ''Autshumato''. Retrieved from: http://www.robben-island.org.za/departments/heritage/gallery/autshumato.asp. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.</ref> Ngo-1630 wathathwa maNgisi esitjhabeni sekhabo bona ambandulele ukukhulumisana nabanye ngendaba yezokurhwebelana begodu atolige. Yeke amaNgisi amthatha amusa e-Bantam eNgilandi, wafika wafundiswa isiNgisi, isiDatjhi nesiFrentji nesiPutukezi. Wathi nakabuya eKapa bamthatha bamusa e-''Robben Island'' yena nabalandeli bakhe. Bekuthi imikhumbi nayifikako ambathe iimpahla zamaYurobhu akhulumisane nabokapteni bemikhumbi, akhulume isiNgisi nesiFrentji. Bambiza bona yi-''Governor.''<ref name=":4">Camissa Museum (2026) ''Autshumao (1610 - 1674)'', Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.</ref> Kwathi ngo-1638, u-Autshumao nomphakathi wekhabo ebewunabantu abangaba ma-60, babuya esihlengehlengeni beza enarheni eKapa, lapha kuhlangana khona umlambo i-''Camissa River'' nelwandle. Yena nomndenakhe ngibo ebebaphethe isitetjhi sokurhwebelana i-''‖Ammaqua'' (okutjho Abantu bemanzini) okulibizo u-Jan Van Riebeeck ebekababiza ngalo ekuthomeni.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Ngesikhathi amaDatjhi afika, umuntu wokuthoma ukubamukela bekungu-Autshumato nabantu bakhe. ngikho nje amaDatjhi bebababiza ngokuthi ma-''Strandloper'' ngombana babathola bakhamba eligwini lelwandle. Kusukela bathoma ukubonana bathoma ukurhwebelana. Zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoikhoi ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ethengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.<ref name=":5">Steemit Website (2018) ''SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope''. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.</ref> Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. U-Autshumato wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. AmaKhoikhoi aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoikhoi akhambe ayoyeba.<ref>Castle of Good Hope (''13th November 2018'') ''Interpreters' Flawed Contracts With Dutch''Retrieved from: https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/news/100-news/142-interpreters-flawed-contracts-with-dutch. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.</ref> Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-''Robben Island'' ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni. Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.<ref name=":52">Steemit Website (2018) ''SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope''. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.</ref> Ngesikhathesi [[u-Autshumato]] besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa.<ref name=":52" /> Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-''Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)'' neengqila ze-Madagascar. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-''Robben Island'' godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-''Robben Island'' njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa.<ref name=":52" /><ref name=":42">Camissa Museum (2026) ''Autshumao (1610 - 1674)'', Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.</ref> Ngomhla wobu-8 kuKhukhulamungu wango-1662 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wakhamba eKapa esesewula Afrika, watjhiya u-Zacharias Wagenaer bona kube nguye osala aphethe endaweni abakiyo eKapa. Wafika wahlala endaweni ebizwa bona yiMalacca namhlanjesi ebizwa bona yi-Melaka eseMalaysia, wahlala lapho bekwaba nguKhukhulamungu wango-1665. Umkakhe wahlongakala ngokubulawa bulwele bepokisi ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba ngo-1664. Ngemva kwalokho wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-''Governor-General-in-Council'' wenarha yeNdiya, begodu wahlala e-Batavia ipilwakhe yoke. Wahlongakala ngomhla we-18 kuTjhirhweni 1677.<ref>S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science (2026)'''''Van Riebeeck,''' Commander '''Johan Antoniszoon''' (advancement of science).'' Retrieved from: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2953. Retrieved on 16/01/2026.</ref> Kwaba kufika nokuhlala kwamaDatjhi eSewula Afrika. == Iinkhombo == jmlx2tiy835hvdbtstm7sbgb5gbelzz