Ukugwalwa Kwezindlu ZamaNdebele

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    <title>Ukugwalwa Kwezindlu ZamaNdebele</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>6854</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-22T12:09:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Patterns&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346828616|Ndebele house painting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6859" sha1="fmtqznn16akbpehq8r13m82zvefemxj" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwala indlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndebele_house_painting&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Patterns ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>6855</id>
      <parentid>6854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T12:12:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Patterns */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6860" sha1="jq95vfo7ik10ri6mn3yjsbhx7ojklsq" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwala indlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndebele_house_painting&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6856</id>
      <parentid>6855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T12:18:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;See also&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346828616|Ndebele house painting]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>6856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6917" sha1="r5uh36mpz0y2yxh97h3wlv11jhikv1m" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwala indlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndebele_house_painting&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]</text>
      <sha1>r5uh36mpz0y2yxh97h3wlv11jhikv1m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6857</id>
      <parentid>6856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T14:23:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Andries Solly Skhosana moved page [[Ndebele house painting]] to [[Ukugwalwa Kwezindlu ZamaNdebele]]: The title is still written English while the content is in isiNdebele. I have forget to translate it into isiNdebele at the beginning </comment>
      <origin>6856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6917" sha1="r5uh36mpz0y2yxh97h3wlv11jhikv1m" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwala indlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndebele_house_painting&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]</text>
      <sha1>r5uh36mpz0y2yxh97h3wlv11jhikv1m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6859</id>
      <parentid>6857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T14:59:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>6859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7027" sha1="2pl52rjj2dcxucys3cjtup03ad7qom1" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwala indlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[[Kee Tui and Nyathi, Violette and Pathisa, ed. (2018). Preservation of Ndebele Art and Architecture (1st ed.). Bulawayo: Amagugu Publishers. ISBN 9780797493148]]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]</text>
      <sha1>2pl52rjj2dcxucys3cjtup03ad7qom1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6860</id>
      <parentid>6859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T15:17:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>6860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7029" sha1="pnzcu9jq458d6xs866uh231cdc2k5iv" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwala kwendlu zamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[[Kee Tui and Nyathi, Violette and Pathisa, ed. (2018). Preservation of Ndebele Art and Architecture (1st ed.). Bulawayo: Amagugu Publishers. ISBN 9780797493148]]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]</text>
      <sha1>pnzcu9jq458d6xs866uh231cdc2k5iv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6861</id>
      <parentid>6860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T15:18:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>6861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7030" sha1="jotbg8axsei70uh4ku12v2d7vbslfim" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwalwa kwendlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[[Kee Tui and Nyathi, Violette and Pathisa, ed. (2018). Preservation of Ndebele Art and Architecture (1st ed.). Bulawayo: Amagugu Publishers. ISBN 9780797493148]]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 

Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]</text>
      <sha1>jotbg8axsei70uh4ku12v2d7vbslfim</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6862</id>
      <parentid>6861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-22T16:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6862</origin>
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      <text bytes="7144" sha1="a4rcocgackuc912vh144up43dn7sp92" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwalwa kwendlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[[Kee Tui and Nyathi, Violette and Pathisa, ed. (2018). Preservation of Ndebele Art and Architecture (1st ed.). Bulawayo: Amagugu Publishers. ISBN 9780797493148]]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 
[[Isimumathi:Esther Mahlangu in 2015.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Umgwali wamaNdebele u-[[Esther Mahlangu]] ugwala iboda.]]
Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]</text>
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      <text bytes="7162" sha1="210dvsderegisnb17ntf4w515d9cm8l" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igwalo lendlu yamaNdebele laziwa ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Pattern|imisikiso]] yejometri kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemibala ekhanyako.]]
[[Isimumathi:Ndebele-women-loopspruit.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Abomma bamaNdebele bajame ngaphandle kwendlu [[:en:Rondavel|yerantabula]] egwaliweko.]]
'''Ukugwalwa kwendlu yamaNdebele''' mhlobo wobukghwari be-Afrika obenziwa [[AmaNdebele|babantu abamaNdebele weSewula]] — enarheni yeSewula Afrika kanye [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|nabantu abamaNdebele weTlhagwini]] e-[[:en:Matobo|Matobo]]; e-Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;[[Kee Tui and Nyathi, Violette and Pathisa, ed. (2018). Preservation of Ndebele Art and Architecture (1st ed.). Bulawayo: Amagugu Publishers. ISBN 9780797493148]]&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Umlando ==
Ubukghwari obufunyaneka endaweni yesikopilo yamaNdebele babukhona eminyakeni eyiinkulungwana eyadlulako begodu bufakazelwa bukghwari bamatje obufunyaneka ema-Matopos   obuthiywe ngama-Khoi-San.    Ngomnyaka wee-2016, iSikhwama se-US Mzenda vikela iSiko, i-AFCP ngokurhunyeziweko  sanikela ngesibonelelo sokutlola phasi ubukghwari besikopilo yesiNdebele, bokugwala kanye nebokuhlobisa amarantabula. Lokhu-ke kuza njengokuba kuqakatheke ngakho ukudlulisela amakghono kanye nelwazi ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya kwesesibili. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi seminyaka emakhulu ali-18, isitjhaba samaNdebele wakwaNdzundza;  [[Isewula Afrika|eSewula Afrika]] sakha isiko kanye nendlela yaso ekhethekileko yokugwala izindlu. Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komnyaka we-1900, amaNdebele atjheja iingorho kanye nabanikazi abakhulu abaphethe indawo. Ngesiruthwana somnyaka we-1883, aya epini namaBhunu abomakhelwana babo. [[Lose|Ukuloba]] ipi kwawo kwaletha ipilo ebukhuni tle kanye nokujeziswa okumbi khulu kwamambala emaNdebeleni. Ngeenkhathi lezo ezibudisi, amatshwayo wokuveza imizwa akhiqizwa babantu abatlhagako lokha nabaveza ubuhlungu babo. Amatshwayo la bekasithomo sobukghwari be-Afrika. 
[[Isimumathi:Esther Mahlangu in 2015.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Umgwali wamaNdebele u-[[Esther Mahlangu]] ugwala iboda.]]
Isitjhaba samaNdebele ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 besihlala eenrantabuleni zotjani. Sathoma ngokusebenzisa izindlu ezinamaboda wedaka, phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu ali-18 lokha amatshwayo la nakathoma ukubunjwa eendlini zaso nemabodenaso. Amatshwayo avezwako la gade asetjenziselwa ukulomondisana hlangana neenqhema ezincani zabantu bamaNdebele. Bajamela iragelo phambili labo lokujamela amasiko nobunjalo bobujamo babo. Abalimi bamaBhunu gade bangatlhadlhuleki, kunokuzwisisa lokho bona bebakuthatha njengobukghwari bamasiko obungalimaziko, nje-ke kwavunyelwa bona kuragelwe phambili. Amagwalo la asemabodeni bekenziwa babantu abasikazi, ayimtlolofihlo owaziwa babantu babo bodwa, ingasi nanyana ngubani kodwana amaNdebele kwaphela. 

Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhuliswa kwabantu abaduna, okwaziwa ngokuwela (ukuyama), bekusizathu sokuvuselela, kodwana isiko belingavezwa. Elinye izinga lepilo elingakhange livezwe namkha linqotjhiswe ngamabodabo bekukuvezwa ukuhlanzeka kwabo. Amasiko neenkolelo azange zibe yingcenye yamagwalo wemizi yamaNdebele. Abomma bamaNdebele bavama ukuba bathwali besiko begodu nabathuthukisi abakhulu bobukghwari bamaboda wemakhaya wabo. Isiko nendlela ekhethekileko yokugwala indlu idluliselwa ngumma emalungeni wemindeni, ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuthoma ukuya esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ikhaya eligwalwe kuhle liveza umfazi wekhaya njengomfazi kanye nomma wamambala. Utjheja khulu ukugwala iimpundu zemithangala yesango, imithangala yesirhodlo, imithangala yesibuya begodu kanengi utjheja nomthejo wengakwakhe. Into eyodwa tere elitjhuguluko elikarisako soloko kwathoma ukugwala amaboda wezindlu zobukghwari zagadesi kuziindlela zabo ezikhethekileko nezihlukileko kwezabanye. 

Ekuthomeni kokugwala izindlu, amatshwayo [[Patterns|nemisikiso]] yazo bekavama ukususelwa emilingakobeni nemikhaleni yawamaNdebele. Imisikiso beyinemibala erasako begodu igwalwe ngemino yabantu abasikazi. Ipende yokuthoma eendlini bekuyipende emhlophe eyenziwa ngomlotha wamatje aphekiweko, i-limestone whitewash. Imibala eyimfakela lokha nakugwalwako bekumibala yemvelo, efakahlangana umbala onzotho, onzima kanye neminye eminengi. Inengi lemisikiso gade linesibumbeko seledere elingu-V begodu noncantathu odwebiwa abe mkhulu ngokwesibumbeko esinombala. Imisikiso, ukukhanya kwemibala yephasi, iinkomba kanye nobukhulu beziqakatheke khulu kwamambala ukudlula imibala yanamhlanjesi ekhanya bha!

== Imibala ==
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, imibala nebunjo kwaba yinto eqakathekileko emitlanyweni yoke. Emaswapheleni weminyaka we-1968, indlela etja ekhethekileko yabonakala. Lokho okwakukade kuyimvelo ngokugwala ngomuno, muva nje sele kwenziwa iinsetjenziswa ezihlanganiswe neeensibana kwaba ngasuthi ziinkwasana. Amaboda bekasese mhlophe ekuthomeni kodwana imibala yawo yabuya yatjhuguluka khulu. Imisikiso namatshwayo namhlanjesi angabonakala ngombala onzima omanyazelako kanye nombala okhanya bha!. Kunemibala emihlanu eqakathekileko: Obovu kanye nobovu khulu, osarulana ukuya kolidzugu, olijuba, ohlaza tjani begodu kwesinye isikhathi obukhobe. Imibala inikela ihlathululo etjhujileko yamaNdebele. Ingatjho ubujamo nofana amandla wabanikazi bekhaya, ukuthandaza, ukukwakwazelela umtjhado ekhaya nofana ingajamela umtjhagalo wagadesi. Imigwalo iveza ihlathululo engabonakaliko nengasi ngeyamambala. Le kuyindlela eqophileko yokutjengisa ukuzibonakalisa kwabo ebantwini abangaphandle komndeni wabo ohlukileko, ukutjengisa ikghono nokunambitheka kukamma. Umbala omhlophe uhlala usetjenziswa njengesizinda ngombana wenza imisikiso ekhanyako ibonakale khulu.

== Imisikiso ==
Imisikiso ebukhobe ngeminye yemibala eqakatheke khulu kwamambala enetjhebiswano elihle negwalo. Ivama ukuzibuyekezabuyekeza kiyo yoke imitlamo yayo ngetjhugulukwana elincani khulu kanye nangemibalayo yekhetho elihlukileko. Imisikiso yejometri nemibunjo ithonywa ngedwebo elindulungelwe ngombala omnzima magega, bese-ke ngemva kwalokho izaliswe ngombala othileko ngaphakathi. Imisikiso ihlelwe ngeenqhenyama kiwo woke amaboda ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo esisisekelo. Ukwakha iinsetjenziswa ezifaneleko kuvumela ukunemba poro kanye netjhaphuluko lokutjhijilwa msebenzi obudisi. Iinsetjenziswa akhange zakhandela umgwali bona enze ubukghwari bakhe. Kufanele abe neensetjenziswa zesibumbeko esikhulu sejometri esinombala osipara kanye namakwasi amancani azokufinyelela endaweni ezincani khulu nemiphethweni. Ukuthuthuka kweensetjenziswa zokugwala kuvumele imiklamo ekhawulezako neyinkimbinkimbi kiyo yoke imizi yamaNdebele. 

Izindlu lezi ezigwaliweko neziqaleka zigwaleke lula tle zidzimele ehlelweni elitjhijilako lamasiko nokwenziwa kwawo. Isikopilo lokugwaleli lisaphila nanamhlanjesi. Njengoba esinye nesinye isizukulwana sidlulisa leli isikopilo, amatjhuguluko amancani athoma ukuba khona. Le yindlela yabo yokukhulumisana kanye nokuziveza tjhatjhalazi ngamakhaya wabo. Abomma basebenza isikhathi eside khulu nabudisi ukuqeda amaboda la begodu batjhejwa mphakathi wangaphandle ngebanga lekghono labo nokuziveza kwabo epepeneneni.

== Qala godu ==
* [[Esther Mahlangu|U-Esther Mahlangu]]

== Iinqophiso ==</text>
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    <title>Ndebele house painting</title>
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        <id>1624</id>
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      <comment>Andries Solly Skhosana moved page [[Ndebele house painting]] to [[Ukugwalwa Kwezindlu ZamaNdebele]]: The title is still written English while the content is in isiNdebele. I have forget to translate it into isiNdebele at the beginning </comment>
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      <text bytes="45" sha1="58zybk3rhglxh11jqhigcuwj48ric2r" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ukugwalwa Kwezindlu ZamaNdebele]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abonompopi Be-Afrika</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1217105136|African dolls]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="994" sha1="jweyyvq1ws1sjj6lsj1zsqoplkexizx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-Ntwana onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika,''' enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu balulukezeke ngokugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopana kudlhegwana ngabo ukusuka kumma ukuya endodakazini. Abonompopana beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopana nawuqalwa ngokwesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akasiyinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuyinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopana be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezimakako.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ukugida Kwe-Afrika</title>
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        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376079696|African dance]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1031" sha1="5xdic4rr9b3hfhhnj9lruzjkz1ublgd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:West_African_Dance_at_the_White_House,_2007Apr25.jpg|thumb|Amalunga we-Kankouran West African Dance Company anandisa emnyanyeni we-Rose Garden, e-White House, ngomnyaka wee-2007]]
[[File:South_African_dance_attire.jpg|thumb|Igido le-Afrika]]
'''Igido lobu-Afrika''' (godu '''''Afro dance'', ''Afrodance'''''  kanye '''''Afro-dance''''' )      litjho iindlela ezihlukahlukeneko zokugida ze-Afrika esewula ye-Sahara . Amagido la ahlotjaniswa khulu neengoma zesikhethu kanye nomvumo wamasiko wesiyingi. Umvumo kanye nokugida kuyingcenye eqakathekileko yemiphakathi eminengi yamasiko we-Afrika. Iingoma kanye namagido enza kube lula ukufundisa nokukhuphula izinga lamagugu wezenhlalakahle, ukugidinga iminyanya ekhethekileko kanye namagadango amakhulu wepilo, ukugidinga umlando womlomo nezinye iindaba, kanye namava womoya. {{sfn|Malone|1996|p=9}}Imigido yama-Afrika ivama ukuba msebenzi owenziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngeenqhema ezikhulu, ngokusebenzisana okukhulu hlangana nabagidi kanye nababukeli. {{sfn|Welsh-Asante|2009|p=35}}</text>
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