Abonompopi Be-Afrika

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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-Ntwana onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu balulukeze ngokugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.


Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===


Abonompopi besi-Xhosa bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzeiwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa imbeleko ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo zokuzithwala. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela unompopii ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. 

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana.  

== Qala godu ==

* Akuabaj
* Abantu bakwaPondo
* AbaThembu

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani u-S/He akasiye uDoli?'' ''Ukudlala nemikhuba ekubazeni kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Amadoli we-Afrika wokudlala nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Amadoli wamaphepha wamantombazana nabafana be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubuciko beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini.  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana.  

== Qala godu ==

* Akuabaj
* Abantu bakwaPondo
* AbaThembu

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani u-S/He akasiye uDoli?'' ''Ukudlala nemikhuba ekubazeni kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Amadoli we-Afrika wokudlala nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Amadoli wamaphepha wamantombazana nabafana be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubuciko beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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        <id>1624</id>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani u-S/He akasiye uDoli?'' ''Ukudlala nemikhuba ekubazeni kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Amadoli we-Afrika wokudlala nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Amadoli wamaphepha wamantombazana nabafana be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubuciko beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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        <id>1624</id>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani u-S/He akasiye uDoli?'' ''Ukudlala nemikhuba ekubazeni kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Amadoli we-Afrika wokudlala nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Amadoli wamaphepha wamantombazana nabafana be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubuciko beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
        <id>1624</id>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- Xesibe (uhuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela e-Pumalanga Kapa) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala ayinyumba njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomkhala.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womkhala kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemiyeko sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo angaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo bokuthoma nabathoma kwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifeka ngokutjhaphulukileko banonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Amadoli la enziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, iinhlamvu zommbila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana amaroli amancani wekoteni ebese ambozwa ngobuhlalu. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngobuhlalu berhalasi begodu ubuhlalu berhalasi sele buyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona abe nomkhala namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
      <sha1>7c8irx39un4axog02q90y9n3rx79350</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>6876</id>
      <parentid>6875</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Andries Solly Skhosana</username>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo ongaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo nabathoma ukwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi ezomvelela yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yama-necklace le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi e-necklace eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifaka ngokutjhaphulukileko nabanonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo necklace. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njenge-necklace ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Abonompopi laba benziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, imirhorhitjhi yesiphila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana iintolitjhi ezincani zekoteni bese ambeswe umncamo. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngomncamo werhalasi begodu umncamo werhalasi loyo sele uyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona athungelelwe umncamo namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana loyo. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana ababentazana bona badlale ngabo begodu bebalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko kwabengubo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokwesiyingi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi abonompopi kudlhegwana ngabo, kusukela kumma ukuya endodakazinakhe. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama ukwembeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo kanompopi nawuthathwa ngokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kwabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo ongaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo nabathoma ukwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi ezomvelela yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yeendzila le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi edzileni eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifaka ngokutjhaphulukileko nabanonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo dzila. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njengedzila ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Abonompopi laba benziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, imirhorhitjhi yesiphila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana iintolitjhi ezincani zekoteni bese ambeswe umncamo. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngomncamo werhalasi begodu umncamo werhalasi loyo sele uyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona athungelelwe umncamo namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana loyo. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana bobulili obusikazi bona badlale ngabo begodu bebabalulukezele ukugcina imbeleko zabo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokweengodi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi-ke abonompopi laba kumukezwana ngabo, usuka kumma ukuya emtwanenakhe omntazana. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa khulu kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama nokumbeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo wokubumba unompopi nawuthathwa njengokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kunabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesiyingi, lapho ama-Ndebele bekadume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelwana ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo ongaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo nabathoma ukwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi ezomvelela yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yeendzila le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi edzileni eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifaka ngokutjhaphulukileko nabanonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo dzila. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njengedzila ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Abonompopi laba benziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, imirhorhitjhi yesiphila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana iintolitjhi ezincani zekoteni bese ambeswe umncamo. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngomncamo werhalasi begodu umncamo werhalasi loyo sele uyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona athungelelwe umncamo namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana loyo. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana bobulili obusikazi bona badlale ngabo begodu bebabalulukezele ukugcina iimbeleko zabo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokweengodi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi-ke abonompopi laba kumukezwana ngabo, usuka kumma ukuya emtwanenakhe omntazana. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa khulu kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama nokumbeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo wokubumba unompopi lo nawuthathwa njengokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kunabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] weSewula ye-Afrika. Kwesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu zesigodi kuma-Ndebele adume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi bona amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelaneni ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo ongaphezu kowemvelo. Abantazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bafake abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo nabathoma ukwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi ezomvelela yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli batjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yeendzila le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi edzileni eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifaka ngokutjhaphulukileko nabanonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo dzila. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njengedzila ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Abonompopi laba benziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, imirhorhitjhi yesiphila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana iintolitjhi ezincani zekoteni bese ambeswe umncamo. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngomncamo werhalasi begodu umncamo werhalasi loyo sele uyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona athungelelwe umncamo namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana loyo. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana bobulili obusikazi bona badlale ngabo begodu bebabalulukezele ukugcina iimbeleko zabo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokweengodi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi-ke abonompopi laba kumukezwana ngabo, usuka kumma ukuya emtwanenakhe omntazana. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa khulu kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama nokumbeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo wokubumba unompopi lo nawuthathwa njengokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kunabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] weSewula ye-Afrika. AmaNdebele ngesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu esigodinesi esidume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana loyo osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi bona amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelaneni ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo ongaphezu kowemvelo. Abentazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bayage abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo nabathoma ukwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi ezomvelela yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma, ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] loyo ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli bazitjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yeendzila le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi edzileni eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifaka ngokutjhaphulukileko nabanonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo dzila. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njengedzila ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Abonompopi laba benziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, imirhorhitjhi yesiphila, amakheyisi wamakhatriji nofana iintolitjhi ezincani zekoteni bese ambeswe umncamo. Unompopi loyo ufakwa i-necklace. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngomncamo werhalasi begodu umncamo werhalasi loyo sele uyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beziindlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona athungelelwe umncamo namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana loyo. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Nemikhuba Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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[[File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Ntwana_beaded_doll_-_detail.jpg|thumb|Unompopi we-[[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ntwana]] onomncamo.]]

'''Abonompopi be-Afrika''', enarheni zombelele benzelwe abentwana bobulili obusikazi bona badlale ngabo begodu bebabalulukezele ukugcina iimbeleko zabo. Ibunjo nembatho labo lihluka ngokuya ngokweengodi kanye nangesintu. Kanengi-ke abonompopi laba kumukezwana ngabo, usuka kumma ukuya emtwanenakhe omntazana. Abonompopi beTjingalanga bathandwa khulu kwamanikelela e-Afrika begodu bavama nokumbeswa izembatho zesikhethu.

Lokha umqondo wokubumba unompopi lo nawuthathwa njengokommongo wesiko lobu-Afrika, kanengi-ke akubi yinto yokudlala yabentwana kodwana kuba yinto enqophene nokuphethwa kwamasiko neenhlangano zekolo emphakathini. Abonompopi be-Afrika basetjenziselwa ukufundisa kanye nokunandisa. Babalamuli abanamandla ararako wemvelo begodu babatjhugululi beminqopho yokuphetha isiko. Omunye nomunye walaba abonompopi uhlukile kunabanye ngombana wenziwe ngezandla begodu ngokwesiko udluliselwa eenzukulwaneni ezilamako.

== Abonompopi bamaNdebele ==
Abonompopi bomlingakobe bavela ebantwini [[AmaNdebele|bamaNdebele]] weSewula ye-Afrika. AmaNdebele ngesinye seenhlanga ezincani khulu esigodinesi esidume ngemizayo egwalwe ngemibalabala emanyazelako nelulukeza iinarha zangaphandle. Izembatho zabo zinemibala efana poro! Umsebenzi womncamo kilaba abonompopi babomma bamaNdebele kukuzihlobisela ngokwabo izembatho zabo.


Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, isokana elasomako likhamba litjhinge ekhabo lomntazana loyo osakhulako, othandana nalo liyokubeka unompopi ngaphandle kwelawu lakhe ukutjengisa umqophalo wokumbawa ukumvunulisa iitjorholo zakwabo. Lokha umntazana nakazilungiselela ukwenda, unikelwa unompopi bona amthiye izinyo bekamnakekele. Izibulo lakhe ulithiya ngonompopi.

Ngokungezelelela ukuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko wamaNdebele, abonompopi bamaNdebele abanemincamo sele bayinto eqakathekileko ekurhwebelaneni ngayo neenarha zangaphandle begodu nedingakala khulu ekungeniseleni abomma bamaNdebele isolombani ngekhaya.

== Abonompopi besi-Xhosa ==

=== Abonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa ===

Abonompopi besi-[[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]] bembeleko bonompopana abenzwe bebavunuliswa bafazi bama-Xhosa. Unompopi lo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngunompopi wethando'. Wenzelwe ukukara indoda efaneleko begodu nokunyusa [[:en:Fertility|imbeleko]] ukuze kube khona abantwana abanengi ababelethwako. Ngabonompopi kukholelwa ekutheni banamandla womlingo ongaphezu kowemvelo. Abentazana abancani bama-Xhosa bakhuthazwa bafazi abadala bama-Xhosa bona bayage abonompopi eentanyeni zabo ukwenzelela ukunyusa imbelekwabo ngeenkhathi zabo [[:en:Fertility|zokuzithwala]]. Abentazana bavama ukunikelwa babelethi babo abonompopi babo nabathoma ukwenza isiko labeli. Umntazana umtjheja kuhle khulu unompopanakhe loyo ngombana akholelwa ekutheni nangalahleka nofana alimale kuzokuba nengozi ezomvelela yokobana lokha nakabelethako, uzokufa. Ngemva kokubelethwa komntwanakhe wokuthoma, ubuyisela [[:en:Doll|unompopi]] loyo ebabelethini bakhe bona asetjenziswe ngudadwabo omncani. Ngokwesiko, abentazana abasese batjha akukafaneli bazitjengise tjhatjhalazi bona bafuna indoda, ngalokho-ke, kulisiko kibo ukufaka 'abonompopi bethando' ukululukeza abantu ebusuku. Ifihlo yeendzila le ivama ukubandakanya unompopi omduna nomsikazi edzileni eyodwa ngesikhathi labo abayifaka ngokutjhaphulukileko nabanonompopi oyedwa onamathiselwe kileyo dzila. Abafazi abatjhadileko nabo bafaka abonompopi njengedzila ukwenzelela ukutjengisa ikanukwabo yokuba nabantwana emphakathini nemadlozini. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

==== Amatshwayo ====
Abonompopi laba benziwa ngamabhodlela amancani, imirhorhotjhi yesiphila, iinsalela zeenkule zesigidi nofana iintolitjhi ezincani zekoteni bese bambeswa ngomncamo. Unompopi loyo ufakwa idzila. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka emakhulu amatjhumi ama-2, i-Museum yePumalanga ye-London gade inebuthelelo labonompopi bembeleko yesi-Xhosa abahlathululwe ngokuthi 'balingiseli' ngesikhatheso. Njenganje boke abonompopi benziwa ngomncamo werhalasi begodu umncamo werhalasi loyo sele uyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiko lamaXhosa. &lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abonompopi beendlwana ===
I- [[:en:Xesibe_people|Xesibe]] (ubuhlanga bama-Xhosa ebuvela [[:en:Eastern_Cape|e-Pumalanga Kapa]]) nayo inesiko lokusebenzisa &quot;abonompopi beendlwana&quot;. Abonompopi laba babunjwe ngesigodo begodu babekwa edageni yendlu yomntazana onganabentwana namkha obonakala [[:en:Infertility|ayinyumba]] njengesibawo emadlozini bona akhe amenze azithwale umntwana wakiloyo muzi. Unompopi kungenzeka bona athungelelwe umncamo namkha angabi nawo. Utjhiywa edageni yendlu bekube kulapho kubelethwa khona umntwana, kuthi nakehliswako ehliswe atjhiswe nenongwana yomntwana. &lt;ref&gt;D.Costello. Not Only For Its Beauty. BEADWORK AND ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AMONG THE XHOSA-SPEAKING PEOPLES. 1990 University of South Africa. Page 14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Beck, R. (1989). Bibles and Beads: Missionaries as Traders in Southern Africa in the Early Nineteenth Century. The Journal of African History, 30(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/S0021853700024105 Accessed 22 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Qala godu ==

* [[:en:Akuaba|Akuabaj]]
* [[:en:Mpondo_people|Abantu bakwaPondo]]
* [[:en:Thembu|AbaThembu]]

== Iinqongelo zangaphandle ==

* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#x Abantu be-Afrika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061005123113/http://www.rhi.org.za/index.php?ref=articles&amp;do=rd&amp;artid=5 Umlando wesiXhosa nomphakathi]

== Iinqophiso ==

* Cameron, Elisabeth. ''Kghani Akusuye uNompopi?'' ''Ukudlala Neendlela Zokuphetha Kwesiko Ekubazeni Kwe-Afrika'' . I-Los Angeles: I-UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1996.
* Dagan, Esther A. ''Abonompopi Be-Afrika Bokudlala Nemilingo'' . I-Montreal: I-Galerie Amrad African Arts,1990.
* Green, Yako. ''Abonompopi Bamaphepha Babentazana Nabesana Be-Afrika'' . I-New York: I-Dover Publications, Inc. 1997
* U-Larson, u-Jack Lenor. ''Ubukghwari beNdabuko obuvela e-Global Village'' . I-Santa Fe, NM: I-Museum of New Mexico Press, 1995.</text>
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