Wikiphidiya nrwiki https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Iinrhatjhi Khethekileko Asiqongelane Umsebenzisi Umsebenzisi asiqongelane Wikiphidiya Wikiphidiya asiqongelane Isimumathi Isimumathi asiqongelane MediaWiki MediaWiki asiqongelane Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo Umhlahlandlelasakhiwo asiqongelane Lisizo Lisizo asiqongelane Mkhakha Mkhakha asiqongelane TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 601 6924 2832 2026-10-04T05:18:59Z Mr. Ibrahem 100 Fix references, Expand infobox #mdwiki .toolforge.org. 6924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Lyme disease |synonym =Lyme borreliosis |image =Adult deer tick.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =An adult [[Ixodes scapularis|deer tick]] (most cases of Lyme are caused by nymphal rather than adult ticks) |pronounce = |field =[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |symptoms =Expanding area of redness at the site of a [[tick]] bite, [[fever]], [[headache]], [[fatigue (medical)|tiredness]]<ref name=CDC2013S/> |complications =[[Facial nerve paralysis]], [[arthritis]], [[meningitis]]<ref name=CDC2013S/> |onset =A week after a bite<ref name=CDC2013S/> |duration = |types = |causes =''[[Borrelia]]'' spread by ticks<ref name=NEJM2014/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms, tick exposure, blood tests<ref name=CDC2013Diag/> |differential = |prevention =Prevention of tick bites (clothing the limbs, [[DEET]]), [[doxycycline]]<ref name=NEJM2014/> |treatment = |medication =[[Doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin]], [[azithromycin]], [[ceftriaxone]], [[cefuroxime]]<ref name=BNF2022/> |prognosis = |frequency =365,000 per year<ref name=NEJM2014/><ref name=Berg2014/> |deaths = |video1 =[[File:Lyme disease.webm|frameless|upright=1.36|Video explanation]] |named after = }} '''Isifo se-Lyme''', esaziwa nangokuthi '''yi-Lyme borreliosis''', bulwelwe obuthathelwanako obubangwa yi- ''Borrelia'' bacterium esabalaliswa mikhaza . Itshwayo elivame khulu lokutheleleka yindawo ekhulako yokubomvu esikhumbeni, eyaziwa nge -erythema migrans, ebonakala endaweni lapho umkhaza ulunywe khona ngemva kweveke kwenzeke.<ref name="CDC2013S" /> Iratjhi kanengi ayilunywa namkha ibe buhlungu.<ref name="CDC2013S" /> Pheze ama-70 ukuya kwama-80% wabantu abathelelekileko baba ne-rash.<ref name="CDC2013S" /> Ezinye iimpawu zokuthoma zingafakahlangana umkhuhlane, ihloko, ukudinwa kanye namadlala avuvukileko . Ivamise ukurarulula ngesigaba lesi.<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Nakungalatjhwa, abanye abantu bangathoma ukulahlekelwa likghono lokunyakazisa ihlangothi elilodwa nofana zombili zobuso, ubuhlungu emalungwini, ukuphathwa yihloko okukhulu nokuqina kwentamo, nofana ukubetha kwehliziyo, hlangana nezinye.<ref name="CDC2013S" /> Ngemva kweenyanga ukuya eminyakeni, kungenzeka iinkhathi eziphindaphindiweko zobuhlungu bamalunga nokuvuvuka.<ref name="CDC2013S" /><ref name="Kumar2020" /> Ngezinye iinkhathi, abantu baba nobuhlungu bokudubula nofana ukuvuvuka emikhonweni nemilenzeni yabo.<ref name="CDC2013S" /> Nanyana kunikelwa ukwelatjhwa okufaneleko, abantu abangaba li-10 ukuya kweli-20% baba nobuhlungu bamalunga, imiraro yokukhumbula, nokudinwa okungenani iinyanga ezisithandathu. Ubulwelwe be-Lyme budluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa mikhaza enesifo somhlobo we- ''Ixodes'' . E-United States, imikhaza ekhathazako ivamise ukuba mhlobo we ''-Ixodes scapularis'', begodu kufuze inamathele okungenani ama-awa ama-36 ngaphambi kobana ibhaktheriya isabalale. E-Europe, imikhaza yomhlobo we ''-Ixodes ricinus'' ingasabalalisa ibhaktheriya msinyana.<ref name="Ste2016" /> E-North America, ibhaktheriya ''i-Borrelia burgdorferi'' kanye ''ne-Borrelia mayonii'' ibanga isifo se-Lyme.<ref name="NEJM2014">{{cite journal|vauthors=Shapiro ED|date=May 2014|title=Clinical practice. Lyme disease|url=http://portal.mah.harvard.edu/templatesnew/departments/MTA/Lyme/uploaded_documents/NEJMcp1314325.pdf|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=370|issue=18|pages=1724–1731|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1314325|pmc=4487875|pmid=24785207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821071927/http://portal.mah.harvard.edu/templatesnew/departments/MTA/Lyme/uploaded_documents/NEJMcp1314325.pdf|archive-date=21 August 2016|via=|access-date=5 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> E-Europe ne-Asia, ''i-Borrelia afzelii'' kanye ''ne-Borrelia garinii'' nazo zibangela ubulwele. Ubulwelwe lobu abubonakali butheleleka hlangana nabantu, ngezinye iinlwana, nofana ngokudla.<ref name="CDC2013T" /> Ukuhlolwa kusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kweempawu, umlando wokuvezwa kwemikhaza, begodu mhlamunye nokuhlolwa kwama -antibodies athileko egazini. Ukuhlolwa kweengazi kuvamise ukuba kumbi ekuthomeni kwesifo.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Ukuhlolwa kwemikhaza ngayinye akusizi ngalitho. Ukukhandela kufaka hlangana imizamo yokukhandela ukulunywa mikhaza njengokugqoka izambatho ezivala imikhono nemilenze, nokusebenzisa iinhlahla eziqotjha iinambuzane ezisekelwe ku -DEET . Ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala iintwala ukwehlisa inani lemikhaza nakho kungaba kuhle.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Imikhaza ingasuswa ngokusebenzisa i-tweezers . Nangabe umkhaza okhutjhweko bewuzele iingazi, umthamo munye we -doxycycline ungasetjenziswa ukukhandela ukukhula kokutheleleka, kodwana akukhuthazwa ngombana ukukhula kokutheleleka akukavami.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Nangabe kuvela ukutheleleka, ama-antibiotics amanengi ayasebenza, kufaka hlangana i-doxycycline, i-amoxicillin, i-azithromycin, i-ceftriaxone, kanye ne -cefuroxime . Ukwelatjhwa okujayelekileko kuvamise ukuthatha amaviki amabili nofana amathathu.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Abanye abantu baba nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha namalunga ngemva kokwelatjhwa okungathatha ilanga elilodwa nofana amabili.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Kilabo abathola amatshwayo angapheliko, ukwelatjhwa ngama-antibiotic wesikhathi eside akukatholakali bona kuyasiza.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Ubulwelwe be-Lyme bulwelwe obuvame ukusabalaliswa mikhaza e -Northern Hemisphere . Kulinganiselwa bona ithinta abantu abama-300,000 ngomnyaka e-United States kanye nabantu abama-65,000 ngomnyaka e-Europe. Ukutheleleka kuvame khulu entwasahlobo nasekuthomeni kwehlobo.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Ubulwelwe be-Lyme batholwa njengobujamo obuhlukileko kokuthoma ngo-1975 e- Old Lyme, e-Connecticut.<ref name="Car2007" /> Ekuthomeni bekuthathwa njenge -rheumatoid arthritis yabantwana . Ibhaktheriya ebandakanyekako yathoma ukuchazwa ngo-1981 ngu -Willy Burgdorfer . Amatshwayo angapheliko alandela ukwelatjhwa ahlathululwe kuhle begodu aziwa ngokuthi "isifo se-Lyme ngemva kokwelatjhwa" (i-PTLDS).<ref name="CDC2017PT">{{cite web|title=Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome|url=https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/postLDS/index.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=20 June 2018|date=1 December 2017|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227054926/http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/postLDS/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> I-PTLDS ihlukile ebulwelweni be-Lyme obungapheliko ; ibizo elingasasekelwa mphakathi wezesayensi begodu lisetjenziswa ngeendlela ezihlukileko ziinqhema ezihlukileko. Abanye abasebenzi bezamaphilo bathi i-PTLDS ibangelwa kutheleleka okungapheliko, kodwana lokhu akukholelwa bona kuliqiniso ngombana abukho ubufakazi bokutheleleka okuhlalako okungatholakala ngemva kokwelatjhwa okujayelekileko. Umjovo wesifo se-Lyme wathengiswa e-United States hlangana nomnyaka ka-1998 ukuya ku-2002, kodwana wahoxiswa emakethe ngebanga lokuthengisa okumbi.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Irhubhululo liyaragela phambili ukwenza imijovo etja.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> == Iinkomba == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 5rz6nmww62p48rfvx0elrdyo0hm6q5u 6925 6924 2026-10-04T05:37:34Z Mr. Ibrahem 100 Fix references, Expand infobox #mdwiki .toolforge.org. 6925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Lyme disease |synonym =Lyme borreliosis |image =Adult deer tick.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =An adult [[Ixodes scapularis|deer tick]] (most cases of Lyme are caused by nymphal rather than adult ticks) |pronounce = |field =[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |symptoms =Expanding area of redness at the site of a [[tick]] bite, [[fever]], [[headache]], [[fatigue (medical)|tiredness]]<ref name=CDC2013S/> |complications =[[Facial nerve paralysis]], [[arthritis]], [[meningitis]]<ref name=CDC2013S/> |onset =A week after a bite<ref name=CDC2013S/> |duration = |types = |causes =''[[Borrelia]]'' spread by ticks<ref name=NEJM2014/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms, tick exposure, blood tests<ref name=CDC2013Diag>{{cite web|title=Lyme Disease Diagnosis and Testing|url=https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/index.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=2 March 2015|date=10 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302013440/http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/index.html|archive-date=2 March 2015|df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302013440/http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/index.html |date=2 March 2015 }}</ref> |differential = |prevention =Prevention of tick bites (clothing the limbs, [[DEET]]), [[doxycycline]]<ref name=NEJM2014/> |treatment = |medication =[[Doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin]], [[azithromycin]], [[ceftriaxone]], [[cefuroxime]]<ref name=BNF2022>{{cite book | title=[[British National Formulary|British National Formulary (BNF)]]|date=September 2021 - March 2022|publisher=BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-85711-413-6|edition=82|pages=620-621|chapter=5. Infection: 2.3. Lyme disease}}</ref> |prognosis = |frequency =365,000 per year<ref name=NEJM2014/><ref name=Berg2014>{{cite book|last1=Berger|first1=Stephen|title=Lyme disease: Global Status 2014 Edition|date=2014|publisher=GIDEON Informatics Inc|isbn=9781498803434|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuKCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908151350/https://books.google.com/books?id=DuKCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |deaths = |video1 =[[File:Lyme disease.webm|frameless|upright=1.36|Video explanation]] |named after = }} '''Isifo se-Lyme''', esaziwa nangokuthi '''yi-Lyme borreliosis''', bulwelwe obuthathelwanako obubangwa yi- ''Borrelia'' bacterium esabalaliswa mikhaza . Itshwayo elivame khulu lokutheleleka yindawo ekhulako yokubomvu esikhumbeni, eyaziwa nge -erythema migrans, ebonakala endaweni lapho umkhaza ulunywe khona ngemva kweveke kwenzeke.<ref name=CDC2013S>{{cite web|title=Signs and Symptoms of Lyme Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=2 March 2015|date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116063305/http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html|archive-date=16 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116063305/http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html |date=16 January 2013 }}</ref> Iratjhi kanengi ayilunywa namkha ibe buhlungu.<ref name=CDC2013S /> Pheze ama-70 ukuya kwama-80% wabantu abathelelekileko baba ne-rash.<ref name=CDC2013S /> Ezinye iimpawu zokuthoma zingafakahlangana umkhuhlane, ihloko, ukudinwa kanye namadlala avuvukileko . Ivamise ukurarulula ngesigaba lesi.<ref name=Kumar2020>{{cite book |last1=Barlow |first1=Gavin |last2=Irving |first2=William L. |last3=Moss |first3=Peter J. |editor1-last=Feather |editor1-first=Adam |editor2-last=Randall |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Waterhouse |editor3-first=Mona |title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine |date=2020 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5 |page=549 |edition=10th |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA549 |language=en |chapter=20. Infectious disease |access-date=14 January 2023 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115034331/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA549 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nakungalatjhwa, abanye abantu bangathoma ukulahlekelwa likghono lokunyakazisa ihlangothi elilodwa nofana zombili zobuso, ubuhlungu emalungwini, ukuphathwa yihloko okukhulu nokuqina kwentamo, nofana ukubetha kwehliziyo, hlangana nezinye.<ref name=CDC2013S /> Ngemva kweenyanga ukuya eminyakeni, kungenzeka iinkhathi eziphindaphindiweko zobuhlungu bamalunga nokuvuvuka.<ref name=CDC2013S /><ref name=Kumar2020 /> Ngezinye iinkhathi, abantu baba nobuhlungu bokudubula nofana ukuvuvuka emikhonweni nemilenzeni yabo.<ref name=CDC2013S /> Nanyana kunikelwa ukwelatjhwa okufaneleko, abantu abangaba li-10 ukuya kweli-20% baba nobuhlungu bamalunga, imiraro yokukhumbula, nokudinwa okungenani iinyanga ezisithandathu. Ubulwelwe be-Lyme budluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa mikhaza enesifo somhlobo we- ''Ixodes'' . E-United States, imikhaza ekhathazako ivamise ukuba mhlobo we ''-Ixodes scapularis'', begodu kufuze inamathele okungenani ama-awa ama-36 ngaphambi kobana ibhaktheriya isabalale. E-Europe, imikhaza yomhlobo we ''-Ixodes ricinus'' ingasabalalisa ibhaktheriya msinyana.<ref name=Ste2016>{{cite journal |last1=Steere |first1=AC |last2=Strle |first2=F |last3=Wormser |first3=GP |last4=Hu |first4=LT |last5=Branda |first5=JA |last6=Hovius |first6=JW |last7=Li |first7=X |last8=Mead |first8=PS |title=Lyme borreliosis. |journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers |date=15 December 2016 |volume=2 |pages=16090 |doi=10.1038/nrdp.2016.90 |pmid=27976670|pmc=5539539 }}</ref> E-North America, ibhaktheriya ''i-Borrelia burgdorferi'' kanye ''ne-Borrelia mayonii'' ibanga isifo se-Lyme.<ref name="NEJM2014">{{cite journal|vauthors=Shapiro ED|date=May 2014|title=Clinical practice. Lyme disease|url=http://portal.mah.harvard.edu/templatesnew/departments/MTA/Lyme/uploaded_documents/NEJMcp1314325.pdf|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=370|issue=18|pages=1724–1731|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1314325|pmc=4487875|pmid=24785207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821071927/http://portal.mah.harvard.edu/templatesnew/departments/MTA/Lyme/uploaded_documents/NEJMcp1314325.pdf|archive-date=21 August 2016|via=|access-date=5 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> E-Europe ne-Asia, ''i-Borrelia afzelii'' kanye ''ne-Borrelia garinii'' nazo zibangela ubulwele. Ubulwelwe lobu abubonakali butheleleka hlangana nabantu, ngezinye iinlwana, nofana ngokudla.<ref name=CDC2013T>{{cite web|title=Lyme disease transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/transmission/index.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=2 March 2015|date=11 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303002640/http://www.cdc.gov/Lyme/transmission/index.html|archive-date=3 March 2015|df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303002640/http://www.cdc.gov/Lyme/transmission/index.html |date=3 March 2015 }}</ref> Ukuhlolwa kusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kweempawu, umlando wokuvezwa kwemikhaza, begodu mhlamunye nokuhlolwa kwama -antibodies athileko egazini. Ukuhlolwa kweengazi kuvamise ukuba kumbi ekuthomeni kwesifo.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Ukuhlolwa kwemikhaza ngayinye akusizi ngalitho. Ukukhandela kufaka hlangana imizamo yokukhandela ukulunywa mikhaza njengokugqoka izambatho ezivala imikhono nemilenze, nokusebenzisa iinhlahla eziqotjha iinambuzane ezisekelwe ku -DEET . Ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala iintwala ukwehlisa inani lemikhaza nakho kungaba kuhle.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Imikhaza ingasuswa ngokusebenzisa i-tweezers . Nangabe umkhaza okhutjhweko bewuzele iingazi, umthamo munye we -doxycycline ungasetjenziswa ukukhandela ukukhula kokutheleleka, kodwana akukhuthazwa ngombana ukukhula kokutheleleka akukavami.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Nangabe kuvela ukutheleleka, ama-antibiotics amanengi ayasebenza, kufaka hlangana i-doxycycline, i-amoxicillin, i-azithromycin, i-ceftriaxone, kanye ne -cefuroxime . Ukwelatjhwa okujayelekileko kuvamise ukuthatha amaviki amabili nofana amathathu.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Abanye abantu baba nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha namalunga ngemva kokwelatjhwa okungathatha ilanga elilodwa nofana amabili.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Kilabo abathola amatshwayo angapheliko, ukwelatjhwa ngama-antibiotic wesikhathi eside akukatholakali bona kuyasiza.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Ubulwelwe be-Lyme bulwelwe obuvame ukusabalaliswa mikhaza e -Northern Hemisphere . Kulinganiselwa bona ithinta abantu abama-300,000 ngomnyaka e-United States kanye nabantu abama-65,000 ngomnyaka e-Europe. Ukutheleleka kuvame khulu entwasahlobo nasekuthomeni kwehlobo.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Ubulwelwe be-Lyme batholwa njengobujamo obuhlukileko kokuthoma ngo-1975 e- Old Lyme, e-Connecticut.<ref name=Car2007>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Carolyn|title=Infectious disease epidemiology : theory and practice|date=2007|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers|location=Sudbury, Mass.|isbn=9780763728793|page=447|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_j-G4zJ4cQC&pg=PA447|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908151350/https://books.google.com/books?id=o_j-G4zJ4cQC&pg=PA447|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekuthomeni bekuthathwa njenge -rheumatoid arthritis yabantwana . Ibhaktheriya ebandakanyekako yathoma ukuchazwa ngo-1981 ngu -Willy Burgdorfer . Amatshwayo angapheliko alandela ukwelatjhwa ahlathululwe kuhle begodu aziwa ngokuthi "isifo se-Lyme ngemva kokwelatjhwa" (i-PTLDS).<ref name="CDC2017PT">{{cite web|title=Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome|url=https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/postLDS/index.html|website=cdc.gov|access-date=20 June 2018|date=1 December 2017|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227054926/http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/postLDS/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> I-PTLDS ihlukile ebulwelweni be-Lyme obungapheliko ; ibizo elingasasekelwa mphakathi wezesayensi begodu lisetjenziswa ngeendlela ezihlukileko ziinqhema ezihlukileko. Abanye abasebenzi bezamaphilo bathi i-PTLDS ibangelwa kutheleleka okungapheliko, kodwana lokhu akukholelwa bona kuliqiniso ngombana abukho ubufakazi bokutheleleka okuhlalako okungatholakala ngemva kokwelatjhwa okujayelekileko. Umjovo wesifo se-Lyme wathengiswa e-United States hlangana nomnyaka ka-1998 ukuya ku-2002, kodwana wahoxiswa emakethe ngebanga lokuthengisa okumbi.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> Irhubhululo liyaragela phambili ukwenza imijovo etja.<ref name="NEJM2014" /> == Iinkomba == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] o1tnj864zwmru779wwtxx50emh9mzjf