U-Hector Pieterson

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      <text bytes="8640" sha1="i9n5ceuvvoxjt4vgdt9dbde2bjc3gkt" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Ilitje lesikhumbuzo sika-Hector Pieterson]]
'''UZolile Hector Pieterson''' bekaneminyaka eli-12 lokha nakazakubulawa mapholisa womBuso weBandlululo ngomhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni 1976. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi abantwana babantu abanzima ababafundi benza umtjhagalo e-Soweto, balwela ukukhitjhwa kwemithethokambiso enganabulungisa yomBuso weBandlululo, balwela nokuthi isiBhuru kufuze singasabi lilimi okufundiswa ngalo ingcenye yeemfundo esikolweni sabanzima. Isithombe sokufa kwakhe esidumileko esathwetjulwa nguSam Nzima senza iphasi loke lawuqala ngamanye amehlo umBuso weBandlululo. U-Hector Pieterson naye [[u-Hastings Ndlovu]], obekamfundi wesikolo samabanga aphezulu, baba bantwana bokuthoma ukubulawa emTjhagalweni we-Soweto.&lt;ref&gt;Ernest Leong, J.E. Luebering (2025), ''Hector Pieterson'', Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hector-Pieterson Retrieved on 23-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Umlando Ka-Hector Pieterson ==
UZolile Hector Pieterson wabelethwa ngo-1963, abelethwa ngu-Dorothy Molefi unina, noyise u-Vivian Pieterson. Wabelethelwa bewakhuliselwa e-Soweto eSewula Afrika. Nanyana bekunguye omsana kunina, bekanabodadwabo abane, u-Antoinette Sithole no-Sina Molefi abeze nonina, bese u-Lulu Pieterson angudadwabo kubabelethi bobabili. Ngokwalokho unina akutjhoko ngaye, uthi u-Hector bekamsanyana othandekako othanda ukumomotheka, amsana ohlakaniphileko othanda amahlaya . Yena nodadwabo u-Antoinette bebangena isikolo sinye. Nanyana ngiliphi ibhudango ebekanalo ngengomuso lakhe latjhabalala mhla kuhlelwa ijima lomtjhagalo ngo-1976.&lt;ref&gt;Briefly Website, (2025), Hector Pieterson: The untold truth of the 1976 Soweto Uprising - Written on 17-06-2021, Retrieved from: https://briefly.co.za/31902-hector-pieterson-untold-truth-symbol-1976-soweto-uprising.html Retrieved on 23-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ibanga Lomtjhagalo We-Soweto ==
Umtjhagalo we-Soweto ngesikhuwa owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''Soweto Uprising'' wathoma ngomhlaka-16 kaMgwengweni 1976. Isizathu sokuba khona komtjhagalo lo kukwethulwa kwesiBhuru njengelimi okuzokufundwa ngalo ingcenye yeemfundo eenkolweni zabantu abanzima. Abantwana abaziinkulungwana ezimatjhumi amabili bahlanganyela emtjhagalweni lo. U-Hector nodadwabo u-Antoinette Sithole bebahlangana nesibalweso. Kuthiwa [[U-Teboho MacDonald Mashinini (Tsietsi)|u-Teboho MacDonald Mashinini]]  owaziwa ngelika-Tsietsi ungomunye wabadosiphambili bomtjhagalo lo.&lt;ref&gt;Mecoamere, Victor (27 May 2013). &quot;Naledi High turns 50&quot;. S''owetan Live''. Retrieved from: https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2013-05-27-naledi-high-turns-50/ 23 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Amapholisa womBuso webandlululo athuthumbisa iinkule nama-''teargas,'' kwafa isibalo sabantwana esingaba likhulu namatjhumi alikhomba nesithandathu. Kusolelwa bona abantwana abafa mhlokho bangaphezu kwesibalwesi.&lt;ref&gt;Zinn Education Project (2025), ''June 16, 1976: Soweto Uprising,'' Retrieved at: https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/soweto-uprising/ Retrieved on 23-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Nasizokuzwisisa bona izenzakalo zango-1976 zenzeka njani, kufuze sizwisise bona umsuka wazo uza njani. Ekuthomeni kwabo-1970, umnotho enarheni le bewusezingeni eliphasi, amanani wokuthenga izinto ezitlhogekako bekaphezulu, ngapha imisebenzi iyindlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho bekunabantu abanengi abasuka eendaweni zemakhaya abeza bazokuhlala emalokitjhini ngebanga lokufuna lokuthuthukisa ipilwabo. Ngebanga lalokho amalokitjhi besele anesibalo esikhulu sabantu abavela eendaweni ezinengi, bese lokho kwenza  neensetjenziswa zaba zincani. Lokhu kwabangela abantu bona bahlangahlangane bebathukuthele njengombana izinga lokuphila sele lehle khulu. Kodwana lokho khenge kube semtarini bekwaba kulapho kuthoma umtjhagalo wabantwana besikolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;South African History Archive (SAHA), (2025), ''The Youth take charge: the Soweto Uprising of June 1976'', Retrieved from: https://www.saha.org.za/youth/bantu_education.htm Retrived on 23-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Abantwana besikolo bangesikhatheso besele bangasanalo ithemba ngengomuso. Iinkumba zokufundela bezizele swi ngabangafundi, zinganazo iintlabagelo ezaneleko zokufunda, begodu abotitjhere nabazakulawula kuhle abantwana bekufuze babakhalime budisi ngokubabetha nangokubajezisa ngezinye iindlela ezibudisi. Kuncani khulu ebekufundwa esikolweni ngesikhatheso. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngo-1975, urhulumende wangezelela ebudisini ebebaqalene nabo ngokuthatha isiqunto sokuthi isiBhuru kube lilimi okuzokufundwa ngalo iimfundo esikolweni, okutjho bona ingcenye yeemfundo ezifundwako eenkolweni kufuze zifundiswe ngesiBhuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ukufundiswa kweemfundo ngesiBhuru kwaletha umraro okabili. Kokuthoma abotitjhere bebangakghoni ukufundisa ngesiBhuru, ngapha nabafundi bangakghoni ukulikhuluma kuhle ilimeli, okutjho bona abafundi bebazokufeyila iimvivinyo zabo, bese babe bomahlalela bangawufumani umsebenzi. Okwesibili isiBhuru besiqalwa njengelimi labagqilazi, okwenza abantwana banyanya ukulisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kobana kuthethe iinyanga abazali bafake iimbawo neenghonghoyilo ngendaba le, umBuso waragela phambili nesiqunto sawo. Kwathi ekuthomeni kwango-1976 abafundi bathoma ukuhlela amajima wokulwisana nesiBhuru, nanyana kunjalo urhulumende waqinisa ihloko, wala ukulalela iinghonghoyilo zabo. Ngebanga lalokho, iinkulungwana zabafundi e-Soweto zamatjhela e-Orlando Stadium ngomhlaka-16 kaMgwengweni 1976, okukulapho baletha khona iinghonghoyilo zabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kunokuthi kulalelwe iinghonghoyilo zabafundaba abatjhagala ngokuthula, amapholisa womBuso weBandlululo athoma ukuvulela ngeenkule ebafundini. U-Hector Pieterson waba ngewokuthoma ukudumuzeka bewafa. abanye bathi ngu-Hestings Ndlovu owadunyuzwa kokuthoma.&lt;ref&gt;South African.Info (18 November 2016), ''Hastings: forgotten hero of 1976,'' Web Archive (2016). Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20161118053520if_/http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/hastings-ndlovu-150605.htm#.WC6TI-j7Q2w Retrieved on 26-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;  Amapholisa araga nokudumuza abafundi, kodwana lokho khenge kubajamise abafundi ekutjhagaleni. Kunalokho, ukubulawa kuka-Hector kwabenza baqunga isibindi sokuraga nomtjhagalo. Baqalana namapholisa, bebatjhisa nama-ofisi we-''West Rand Administration Board (WRAB),'' ebebayiqala njengetshwayo lokugqilazwa nokugandelelwa. Batjhisa bebatjhisa neengodiphola, okuziindawo ebeziqalwa njengamahlelo karhulumende wokuqeda isimilo sabantu abanzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Nanyana urhulumende webandlululo athumela amasotja e-Soweto bona ayokujamisa umtjhagalo lo, abantu baraga nawo iinyanga ezintathu zoke. Izenzo zabo zabasela abanye abantu abatjha kiyo yoke inarha, kwaqubuka imitjhagalo ngemitjhagalo emalokitjhini enarheni yoke. Abantu abatjha abangaba makhulu amathathu babhubha, abaziinkulungwana ezimbili balimala. Boke abafundaba - kuhlanganise no-Hector Pietersen babhadela ngepilwabo ekuthuthukiseni ifundo yabantu abanzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Indima Edlalwe Kukufa Kuka-Hector Pieterson ==
[[Isimumathi:Hector Pieterson Museum, Soweto.jpg|thumb|312x312px|Imiziyamu ka-Hector Pieterson]]
Ukuhlongakala kuka-Hector Pieterson kudlale indima ekulu ekulwelweni kwamalungelo wobuntu nomBuso webandlululo kangangobana ilanga langomhlaka-16 kaMgwengweni lilanga labantu abatjha eligidingwa enarheni yoke. Isithombe sika-Hector athwelwe ngu[[Mbuyisa Makhubu|Mbuyisa Makhubo]], nodadwabo ka-Hector agijima hlanu kwabo, ngiso esithathwa njengesilitshwayo lelangeli. Isithombesi singezinye zeenthombe eziveza isehlakalwesi ezithwetjulwe nguSam Nzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Lucille Davie, (14 June 2002), ''Hector: the famous child''

''whose face is unknown,'' Web Archive website (2023). Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20030327052242/https://joburg.org.za/june_2002/hector.stm Retrieved on 24-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekwavulwa nemiziyamu ebizwa ngegama lakhe - ''Hector Pieterson Museum'' - e-Orlando West e-Soweto. Imiziyamu le isesitaradeni sesibili ukusukela lapha u-Hector adunyuzelwa khona. Indawo le inamafilimu, amaphephandaba, ukulandisa kwabantu abazibonele ngewabo nakwenzeka isenzakalwesi, neenthombe, nalesi esidume khulu esathwetjulwa nguSam Nzima. i-''Hector Peterson Museum'' yimiziyamu yokuthoma e-Soweto eyavulwa ngomhlaka-16 kaMgwengweni 2002. Kuthethe imali engange-R23 200 000 ukuyakha begodu i-R16 000 000 yimali enikelwe ngokuzithandela mNyango wezeBhoduluko nezokuVakatjha, bese i-R7 200 000 yanikelwa Mkhandlu weDorobho le-Johannesburg. Yeke imiziyamu le iyokuhlala isikhumbuzo sokufa kuka-Hector Pieterson nokulwela kwabantu abatjha itjhaphuluko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Iinkhombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>U-Teboho MacDonald Mashinini (Tsietsi)</title>
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      <text bytes="3880" sha1="57apw55h5htfug5ufa8te2f2ujsjdo0" xml:space="preserve">'''U-Teboho &quot;Tsietsi&quot; MacDonald Mashinini''' (wabelethwa ngomhlaka-27 kuTjhirhweni 1957 wahlongakala ngo-1990) bekamlweli wetjhaphuluko emBusweni weBandlululo weSewula Afrika nomdosiphambili wabafundi odumileko ngesikhathi se-[[:en:Soweto_Uprising|''Soweto Uprising'']].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;South African History Online (2022), ''Teboho “Tsietsi” Mashinini'' (Published February 17, 2011). Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini Retrieved on 25-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umlando Wakhe ==
U-Teboho Tsietsi Mashinini owaziwa ngebizo lakhe elithi &quot;Mcdonald&quot; wabelethwa ngo-1957, ngomhlaka-27 kuTjhirhweni. Bekangowesibili ebantwaneni abali-13 baka-Ramothibe (ubaba) no-Nomkhitha Virginia (umma) bakwaMashinini. Bekamfundi okhaliphileko, odumileko nophumelelako e-''Morris Isaacson High School'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Mecoamere, Victor (27 May 2013). &quot;Naledi High turns 50&quot;. S''owetan Live''. Retrieved from: https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2013-05-27-naledi-high-turns-50/ 23 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; e-Soweto, lapho bekamdosiphambili wesiqhema sekulumo pikiswano begodu angumongameli we-''Methodist Wesley Guild''.

Igadango lombuso webandlululo weSewula Afrika lokwenza ilimi lesiBhuru libe lilimi okufundiswa ngalo eenkolweni zoke zeSewula Afrika ngokuhlanganyela nesiNgisi belingathandwa bafundi beSewula Afrika abanzima [[Ilimi lesiNgisi|nabakhuluma isiNgisi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Amfundi ngokwakhe, uMashinini nguye owahlela umtjhagalo omkhulu wabafundi ngomhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  Umtjhagalo lo waziwa ngokuthi yi-[[16 JUNE 1976|''Soweto Uprising'']], okwathatha amalanga amathathu, lapho kwabulawa khona abantwana abamakhulu ambalwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Njengombana avele njengomdosiphambili wokuvukela umbuso weSewula Afrika, uMashinini wabaleka eSewula Afrika wabalekela ngaphetjheya, kokuthoma wabalekela e-London bese wabalekela nakezinye iinarha ze-Afrika, njenge-Liberia, lapho atjhade khona no-''Miss Liberia 1977'', [[Welma Campbell|u-Welma Campbell]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

UMashinini wahlongakala ngaphasi kobujamo obungazwisisekiko, mhlamunye ngokubulawa namkha ngobulwele, ngehlobo lika-1990 ngesikhathi asendaweni yokubalekela e-Guinea.&lt;ref&gt;Ali Mphaki (11/07/2004), ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Tsietsi died of Aids' ,'' Wayback Machine internet archive. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211226/http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1555941,00.html Retrieved on the 30th September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhlaka-4 kuRhoboyi 1990, isidumbu sakhe sabuyiselwa eSewula Afrika, lapho angcwatjwa khona emaThuneni we-Avalon. Ithuna lakhe linesihloko esithi ''&quot;Black Power&quot;''.&lt;ref&gt;Joburg website (2018) ''The homecoming that wasn't.'' Retrieved from: https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/The-homecoming-that-wasn't.aspx Retrieved on 25-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilitje Lesikhumbuzo ==
Kunelitje lesikhumbuzo sika-Teboho Mashinini esenziwe ngu-Johannes Phokela emasangweni wesikolo ebekangena kiso kade  esavulwa ngomhlaka-1 kuMrhayili 2010 ngu-Amos Masondo, iMeyara ye-Johannesburg.&lt;ref&gt;Arts, Culture &amp; Heritage website (November 6, 2023), ''Tsietsi Mashinini.'' Retrieved from: https://arts-culture-heritage.joburg/public-art-inventory/tsietsi-mashinini/ Retrieved on 25-06-2025.

&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qala godu ==

* U-[[Khotso Seatlholo]]
* [[U-Hastings Ndlovu]]
* [[U-Hector Pieterson]]
* U-Murphy Morobe
* U-Seth Mazibuko

== Iinkomba ==
{{Reflist}}

== Amalinki wangaphandle ==

* Iwebhusayithi ye-''African Activist Archive Project'' ifaka hlangana isitatimende seendaba [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=32-130-C2F i-''Lider of Soweto (South Africa) Uprising to Speak''] (''New York: American Committee on Africa, December 1976'').
* Iphrofayili ka-Teboho &quot;Tsietsi&quot; Mashinini ku-''SA History Online'' https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini</text>
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      <text bytes="4519" sha1="7ezno9fno8aws13nsian095poi5t7z0" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:AUDREY KOZWANA SKHOSANA.jpg|thumb|Audrey Kozwana Skhosana]]
'''U-[https://audreykozwana.co.za/About/ Audrey Kozwana Skhosana]''' owabelethwa mhlazana kulilanga lokuthoma enyangeni kaRhoboyi ngomnyaka wee-2000 obuya [[:en:Southern_Ndebele_people|esizweni samaNdebele]] ungumma wakwaMahlangu. Ngamakghono nokusebenza uyimbongikazi, umlingisi, umvumi begodu ngomunye wabantu abathuthukisa ilimi nesizwe samaNdebele weSewula Afrika eenkundleni zokuthintana.&lt;ref&gt;a

{{Cite web |title=About – Audrey Kozwana |url=https://audreykozwana.co.za/About/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=audreykozwana.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; USkhosana ngokubelethwa wabelethwa bewakhulela eLuthuli ekuyindawo engaphasi kukamasipala we[https://www.thembisilehanilm.gov.za/ Thembisile Hani], e[[:en:Mpumalanga|Pumalanga.]] USkhosana wajamela isizwe samaNdebele ku[https://indoni.net/missculture.html Ndoni Miss Cultural] ngomnyaka wee-2017 begodu wavela tjhatjhalazi nakazakuba yindlovukazi yeNdoni yeSewula Afrika ngawo wona umnyaka loyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anita |date=2018-04-18 |title=Audrey Skhosana 17, Crowned Indoni Miss Cultural 2017/18 ?? - Clipkulture |url=https://clipkulture.com/audrey-skhosana-17-crowned-indoni-miss-cultural-2017-18-%f0%9f%87%bf%f0%9f%87%a6/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=clipkulture.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Uthe ngomnyaka wee-2020 wathumba ingoma ehlukanisa umnyaka, ngelimi lesiyeni kuthiwa yi-Song Of The Year emrhatjhweni we[https://www.radio-south-africa.co.za/ikwekwezi-fm Kwekwezi FM] ngengoma yakhe ethi, Ganu Ganu lapha abelana khona umbhobho no-[https://slikouronlife.co.za/artist/42674 King Cube] noMega.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=INGOMA - IKWEKWEZIFM |url=http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/sabc/home/ikwekwezifm/noticeboard/details?id=c1f142d8-e6eb-4dbd-a3bb-010b6921095a&amp;title=INGOMA |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220527070610/http://www.ikwekwezifm.co.za/sabc/home/ikwekwezifm/noticeboard/details?id=c1f142d8-e6eb-4dbd-a3bb-010b6921095a&amp;title=INGOMA |archive-date=2022-05-27 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=www.ikwekwezifm.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kanti ngakho lokhu bekangathomi ukuvela emkhakheni womvumo, kodwana phambilini ukhe wasebenza no[https://slikouronlife.co.za/artist/8816 Lilow NTK] engomeni ebizwa bona yipumelelo. Kanti-ke akhange agcine lapho, ubuye waba ngomunye otsonyulwako kuma-[[:en:South_African_Traditional_Music_Awards|SATMA]] ngaphasi komkhakha wabantu abathuthukisa amalimi wabo eenkundleni zokuthintana ngomnyaka wee-2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Artist Profile {{!}} Slikouronlife |url=https://slikouronlife.co.za/artist/135254 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=slikouronlife.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuthe nakunjalo waba ngabanye babavumi abafaka isandla ekwenzeni ingoma no[https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-04-19-had-i-known-i-wouldve-acted-differently-mall-manager-who-humiliated-activist-thando-mahlangu/ Thando Mahlangu] ethi, Vuka Ndebele. Ekuyingoma eyenziwe maNdebele begodu umlayezo wengoma leyo uya emaNdebeleni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mthimunye |first=By Bongani |title=THANDO’S SONG FOR HIS PEOPLE |url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/thandos-song-for-his-people-20210916 |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Daily Sun |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Hlangana namanye amaphojekthi asekelwe ngeemali yi-[https://www.nac.org.za/ NAC], iSiyarhaya yiphrojekthi kaSkhosana. Umnqopho wakhona kukuthi ikhuthaza, ilondoloza beyethula isiNdebele eenkundleni zokuthintana. Yakha amathuba walaba abanekareko ekurhayeni iinkondlo, ikhulisa umthelela weenkondlo ngokusebenzisa amahlelo wokufunda ngokutlama begodu inikela ngomkhakha wemitlolo ohlanganiswe ngcono begodu ongatjhugulukiko eenkolweni. Kanti-ke, iphrojekthi le isungulwe ngomnyaka wee-2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Siyarhaya – We recite |url=https://siyarhaya.co.za/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=siyarhaya.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Okungaphezu kwalokho, uSkhosana unedokhumentari ayigadangise ku-YouTube esele ukubukelwa kwakhona sekungaphezulu kweengidi ezine. Idokhumentari le ibizwa bona, yiTuthuko Yethelerina begodu ikhuluma ngokukhula komntwana omntazana oliNdebele. Iveza ukuthi umntazana udlula kiziphi iingaba zokukhula ukusukela lapha amncani khona ukuya la sekalungele khona ukuthi angenda. Iphothulula khulu ivunulo, umlando kanye nelimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Documentaries – Audrey Kozwana |url=https://audreykozwana.co.za/Documentaries/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=audreykozwana.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Iinkomba ==

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    <title>U-Zulaikha Patel</title>
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        <id>1784</id>
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'''U-Zulaikha Patel''' (wabelethwa ngo-2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;''BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?''&quot;. ''BBC News''. 21 November 2016. Reteived from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048 Retrieved 28 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;  mlweli wamalungelo wobuntu weSewula Afrika olwa nokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga . Waba litshwayo lokulwa nomthethomgomo we-''Pretoria Girls High School'' malungana neenhluthu zabantazana abanzima ngo-2016, nakaneminyaka eli-13. Yena nalabo afunda nabo benza umtjhagalo ongabangeli ukutjhuguluka komthethomgomo wesikolo kwaphela, kodwana ohlohlozela nephenyo ngeensolo zokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga esikolweni. Nakadzujulwako uthi: &quot;Ukungibawa bona ngitjhugulule iinhluthu zami kufana nokungibawa bona ngisule ibala lami elinzima.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Four South Africa women make it on BBC's 100 Women List 2016&quot;. ''YOU''. Retrieved 8 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Indaba Ye-''Pretoria Girls' High School'' ==
I-''Pretoria Girls' High School'', itholakala e-Pitori, eRiphabhliki yeSewula Afrika. Isikolo lesi sathonywa ngo-1902, begodu bekusolo kungena abantwana babamhlophe kwaphela soloko sasungulwa bekwaba ngu-1990, njengombana iimfunda zeSewula Afrika bezihlukaniswe ngaphambi kwebandlululo, kodwana kusukela ngo-1990, isikolo lesi sivulekele yoke imihlobo. Ngokuya kwe-CNN, umthetho wokuziphatha kwabentazana we-''Piretoria Girls' High'' awukhulumi ngokukhethekileko ngesihluthu esikhulu sabantu abanzima, kodwana ubeka imithetho yokuqaleka zombelele, bewuyatjho nokobana zoke iintayela zeenhluthu &quot;kufanele zibe zihle, zihlanzeke begodu zikhambisane neyunifomu yesikolo.&quot; Abotitjhere batjele abafundi bona iinhluthu zabo ze-afro &quot;azikajayeleki&quot; begodu kufuze ziphungulwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Thabile Vilakazi, for CNN (2016) ''South African students protest against school’s alleged racist hair policy''. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/31/africa/south-africa-school-racism/index.html Retrieved on 30-06-2025&lt;/ref&gt; Lokho bekutjho bona iinhluthu zabantazana kufuze zi-ayinwe ziluleke namkha zibotjhwe ngemva, kodwana zingabi yi-afro.

U-Zulaikha Patel bekaphakathi kwabafundi ebebadosa phambili umtjhagalo ngokujamelana ne-''Pretoria Girls High'', ngokujamelana nomthethomgomo weenhluthu wesikolo sabantazana boke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Malgas, Natalie. &quot;Four South Africans make it on BBC's '100 Women List for 2016'&quot;. Retrieved 8 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;  Abantwana abasesebatjha ebegade batjhagala basongelwa ngokubotjhwa njengombana u-Zulaikha Patel arhola umtjhagalo ngokuthula. Ividiyo ethunyelwe ku-inthanethi itjengisa u-Zulaikha Patel njengombana aqalene nonogada abathathu abahlomileko ebegade baqatjhwe baphathi besikolo ukobana baqede umtjhagalo. Ividiyo le yabanga ukuphikiswa okukhulu kwesikolwesi. 

== Imiphumela Yomtjhagalo Ka-Zulaikha ==
Izenzo zaka-Zulaikha Patel zakhuthaza eminye imitjhagalo eSewula Afrika, e-''Lawson Brown High School'' e-Eastern Cape, kunye ne-''St. Michael's School for Girls'' e-Bloemfontein lapho ababelethi nabo bamatjha khona. Abantu ephasini loke bathoma ukwabelana ngeenthombe zama-afro wabo eenkundleni zokuthintana, ngokubambisana nabafundi bengubo be-Pretoria High School. Ukuvezwa kwabeendaba beentjhabatjhaba kwalandela. Imitjhagalo le itjengise bona ukwahlukana ngokobuhlanga kuragela phambili, nanyana ibandlululo laphela ngo-1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ukuphikisa kwaka-Patel kwathoma eminye imitjhagalo namatjhuguluko. UNgqongqotjhe wezeFundo we-Gauteng, u-Panyaza Lesufi uvakatjhele i-''Pretoria Girls' High School'' ukuzokuzwa iinghonghoyilo zabafundi abanzima, ingasi ngomthethomgomo weenhluthu kwaphela, kodwana nangebandlululo esikolweni. Ukwenza isibonelo, abantazana abavunyelwa ukukhuluma amalimi we-Afrika esikolweni, kwaphela isiNgisi nofana isiBhuru. U-Patrick Gaspard, ummeli we-US eSewula Afrika, wathumela ku-Twitter wathi: &quot;Yoke imiphakathi inemithetho. Begodu kesinye isikhathi imithetho leyo inebandlululo begodu idinga ukuvezwa ihlatjwe.&quot; Isibawo se-inthanethi   besinemitlikitlo engaba ma-25,000 ngelanga elilodwa. UmNyango wezeFundo we-Gauteng uuwujamisile umthethomgomo weenhluthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ukutatanyiswa ==
U-Zulaikha Patel watatanyiswa njengomunye wabafazi abali-100 abafakwa ku--BBC ngo-2016, ngokuba nomthelela ekulwelweni kwamalungelo wobuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

== Iincwadi ==

* {{cite book|last=Patel|first=Zulaikha|title=My Coily Crowny Hair|date=July 2021|publisher=Lingua Franca|isbn=1928535909}}
* {{cite book|last=Patel|first=Zulaikha|title=Brave Like Me!|publisher=Pan Macmillan South africa|date=2025-03-03|isbn=978-1-77999-087-7}}

== Iinkomba ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>rt7cndq4r46jlie05vfufqlzbz547m5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6932</id>
      <parentid>6931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T23:32:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1784</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4561" sha1="ssllci6xr2weniyjj5fcme6d8j3khm4" xml:space="preserve">'''U-Zulaikha Patel''' (wabelethwa ngo-2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;''BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?''&quot;. ''BBC News''. 21 November 2016. Reteived from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048 Retrieved 28 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; mlweli wamalungelo wobuntu weSewula Afrika olwa nokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga. Waba litshwayo lokulwa nomthethomgomo we-''Pretoria Girls High School'' malungana neenhluthu zabantazana abanzima ngo-2016, nakaneminyaka eli-13. Yena nalabo afunda nabo benza umtjhagalo ongabangeli ukutjhuguluka komthethomgomo wesikolo kwaphela, kodwana ohlohlozela nephenyo ngeensolo zokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga esikolweni. Nakadzujulwako uthi: &quot;Ukungibawa bona ngitjhugulule iinhluthu zami kufana nokungibawa bona ngisule ibala lami elinzima.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Four South Africa women make it on BBC's 100 Women List 2016&quot;. ''YOU''. Retrieved 8 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Indaba Ye-''Pretoria Girls' High School'' ==
I-''Pretoria Girls' High School'', itholakala e-Pitori, eRiphabhliki yeSewula Afrika. Isikolo lesi sathonywa ngo-1902, begodu bekusolo kungena abantwana babamhlophe kwaphela soloko sasungulwa bekwaba ngu-1990, njengombana iimfunda zeSewula Afrika bezihlukaniswe ngaphambi kwebandlululo, kodwana kusukela ngo-1990, isikolo lesi sivulekele yoke imihlobo. Ngokuya kwe-CNN, umthetho wokuziphatha kwabentazana we-''Piretoria Girls' High'' awukhulumi ngokukhethekileko ngesihluthu esikhulu sabantu abanzima, kodwana ubeka imithetho yokuqaleka zombelele, bewuyatjho nokobana zoke iintayela zeenhluthu &quot;kufanele zibe zihle, zihlanzeke begodu zikhambisane neyunifomu yesikolo.&quot; Abotitjhere batjele abafundi bona iinhluthu zabo ze-afro &quot;azikajayeleki&quot; begodu kufuze ziphungulwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Thabile Vilakazi, for CNN (2016) ''South African students protest against school’s alleged racist hair policy''. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/31/africa/south-africa-school-racism/index.html Retrieved on 30-06-2025&lt;/ref&gt; Lokho bekutjho bona iinhluthu zabantazana kufuze zi-ayinwe ziluleke namkha zibotjhwe ngemva, kodwana zingabi yi-afro.

U-Zulaikha Patel bekaphakathi kwabafundi ebebadosa phambili umtjhagalo ngokujamelana ne-''Pretoria Girls High'', ngokujamelana nomthethomgomo weenhluthu wesikolo sabantazana boke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Malgas, Natalie. &quot;Four South Africans make it on BBC's '100 Women List for 2016'&quot;. Retrieved 8 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Abantwana abasesebatjha ebegade batjhagala basongelwa ngokubotjhwa njengombana u-Zulaikha Patel arhola umtjhagalo ngokuthula. Ividiyo ethunyelwe ku-inthanethi itjengisa u-Zulaikha Patel njengombana aqalene nonogada abathathu abahlomileko ebegade baqatjhwe baphathi besikolo ukobana baqede umtjhagalo. Ividiyo le yabanga ukuphikiswa okukhulu kwesikolwesi.

== Imiphumela Yomtjhagalo Ka-Zulaikha ==
Izenzo zaka-Zulaikha Patel zakhuthaza eminye imitjhagalo eSewula Afrika, e-''Lawson Brown High School'' e-Eastern Cape, kunye ne-''St. Michael's School for Girls'' e-Bloemfontein lapho ababelethi nabo bamatjha khona. Abantu ephasini loke bathoma ukwabelana ngeenthombe zama-afro wabo eenkundleni zokuthintana, ngokubambisana nabafundi bengubo be-Pretoria High School. Ukuvezwa kwabeendaba beentjhabatjhaba kwalandela. Imitjhagalo le itjengise bona ukwahlukana ngokobuhlanga kuragela phambili, nanyana ibandlululo laphela ngo-1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ukuphikisa kwaka-Patel kwathoma eminye imitjhagalo namatjhuguluko. UNgqongqotjhe wezeFundo we-Gauteng, u-Panyaza Lesufi uvakatjhele i-''Pretoria Girls' High School'' ukuzokuzwa iinghonghoyilo zabafundi abanzima, ingasi ngomthethomgomo weenhluthu kwaphela, kodwana nangebandlululo esikolweni. Ukwenza isibonelo, abantazana abavunyelwa ukukhuluma amalimi we-Afrika esikolweni, kwaphela isiNgisi nofana isiBhuru. U-Patrick Gaspard, ummeli we-US eSewula Afrika, wathumela ku-Twitter wathi: &quot;Yoke imiphakathi inemithetho. Begodu kesinye isikhathi imithetho leyo inebandlululo begodu idinga ukuvezwa ihlatjwe.&quot; Isibawo se-inthanethi  besinemitlikitlo engaba ma-25,000 ngelanga elilodwa. UmNyango wezeFundo we-Gauteng uuwujamisile umthethomgomo weenhluthu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ukutatanyiswa ==
U-Zulaikha Patel watatanyiswa njengomunye wabafazi abali-100 abafakwa ku--BBC ngo-2016, ngokuba nomthelela ekulwelweni kwamalungelo wobuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

== Iincwadi ==
* {{cite book|last=Patel|first=Zulaikha|title=My Coily Crowny Hair|date=July 2021|publisher=Lingua Franca|isbn=1928535909}}
* {{cite book|last=Patel|first=Zulaikha|title=Brave Like Me!|publisher=Pan Macmillan South africa|date=2025-03-03|isbn=978-1-77999-087-7}}

== Iinkomba ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>UDorh. Lungile Mabhena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>719</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6927</id>
      <parentid>3545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T23:26:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1784</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3911" sha1="m2mfa74yfn1xl8scanlbyj5ji1lg0xc" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:ISITHOMBE.jpg|thumb|303x303px|ULungile Mabhena]]
'''ULungile Monica Mabhena''' ngomunye wabantu abatjha abadlala indima emphakathini wamaNdebele. Umtloli, imbongi, umeluleki wendabuko nonamatalente amanengana kwezobukghwari. Ngaphezu kwalokho ungutitjhere oneziqu ze-''Bachelors of Education,'' begodu wahlonitjhwa nge-''Honorary Doctorate'' ngebanga lendima ayidlalileko emphakathini. Mtloli wokuthoma wemitlolo yesiNdebele ukutjhejwa yi-''Afrika Digital'', bewakhethwa njengembongi ekhamba phambili ku-''Mzansi Art’s and Media Awards'' (MAMA). Wathola isitifiketi seZimbabwe ngebanga lokukhuluma eenkundleni zokuthintana ngesiNdebele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Precious Mashiane (October 16, 2024), ''Tweefontein poet Lungile Mabhena recognised by iArika digital, nominated for best poet at MAMA.'' Highveld Chronicle website. Retreived from: https://hconline.co.za/tweefontein-poet-lungile-mabhena-recognised-by-iarika-digital-nominated-for-best-poet-at-mama/ Retrieved on 31/07/2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

ULungile Mabhena wabelethelwa endaweni ye-[[Tweefontein]] C kwaNdebele, abelethwa nguSamuel Mabhena noJosephine Masombuka ngomhla ka-28 December 1999. Wathoma ukufunda esikolweni samabanga aphasi i-''Hlobisa Primary School,'' nakaqeda waya e-''Sifunda Khona Primary School,'' ngemva kwalokho wayokufunda kwesamabanga aphakathi i-Siphiwe Combined School, bese waqedelela ngokufunda kwesamabanga aphezulu e-''Vukuzame Secondary School'' okukulapho aqeda khona ukufunda. Ithando lakhe ngokuba yimbongi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Linkedin (2025) Dr Lungile Mabhena. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lungile-mabena-4812aa214/?originalSubdomain=za. Retrieved on 31/07/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iindima Ayidlalako ==
[[Isimumathi:Vukani.png|thumb|318x318px|Incwadi ethi &quot;Vukani Kusile&quot;]]
UDorh. Lungile Mabhena unamatjhaneli eenkundleni zokuthintana aluleka abantu abatjha nabantu baboke ngendlela efaneleko yokwenza amasiko nekambiso yesiNdebele neyesintu, okumkhakha abantu abatjha abangakavami ukutholakali. Abuye eluleke nangendlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abatjha esikweni. Lokho ukwenza ngitjho nemrhatjhweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho sekunemitlolo abandakanyeke kiyo ethuthukisa ilimi lesiNdebele. Uneenkondlo azitlolileko ezitholakala encwadini ethi Vukani Kusile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Incwadi ethi Vukani Kusile libuthelelo leenkondlo, eziveza ubudisi esizithola siqalana nabo sima-Sewula Afrika. Khumbula bona ukuhlunguphazwa kwabantu bengubo kudlange komlilo wesikhotha lapha enarheni yekhethu, kanti abobaba nabo bavela barhabile bathi nathi silila sona leso isililo sokuhlunguphazwa bomma. Nanyana kunjalo, incwadi le imumethe umlayezo wokubuyisana, ithando nokuzwelana ubuhlungu. Iimbongi nofana abatloli bencwadi le, benze okusemandleni wabo bona umamukelilwazi osebujameni nanyana ngabe ngibuphi azithole sele athobekile nofana akhandeleka.&lt;ref&gt;Epubhlishing and Digital Displays (2025) Books, Retrieved from: https://epublishing.store/products/ Retrieved 30-06-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasi imitlomelo atlonyeliswe ngayo ==
[[Isimumathi:Ikhambi Literary Journal.jpg|thumb|Iinkondlo zakhe ezimbili zitholakala kilencwadi ethi Ikhambi|279x279px]]

* 2008 - Umtlomelo Wokubeka Ikulumo Ekhamba Phambili - ''Award for Best Speech''
* 2011 - Umtlomelo Wokubeka Ikulumo Ekhamba Phambili - ''Award for Best Speech''
* 2024 - ''IsiNdebele Content Writer for Afrika Digital''
* 2024 - Wafunama i-''Honorary Doctorate''

ULungile Mabhena usibonelo ebantwini abatjha sokudlala indima ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi ngamakghono ahlukahlukeneko.

Nakazikhulumelako uthi: &quot;Ngiyakuthabela ukutlola ngomlando, ilimi, ikolo yesintu namasiko bona ngifundise abantu, ngombana njengama-Afrika sathathelwa ubuthina bethu. Kuqakathekile kimi ukwenza abantu bazi bona bangaphila ngesiko lesi-Afrika, bazihlanganise nekolo yesi-Afrika kunokuthi balahleke emasikweni wakosobani angabasizi ngalitho.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Iinkhombo ==
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    <title>Ukutshwenyeka Ngokudluleleko</title>
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'''Ukutshwenyeka''' mumuzwa ovamileko wokutshwenyeka, ukuhlangahlangana nokungahlaliseki. Umuzwa lo ungaba lisizo kobunye ubujamo, njengokusiyelelisa engozini. Nanyana kunjalo ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko (anxiety) kukwesaba okudluleleko namkha ukutshwenyeka khulu okungaliya ipilwakho. Ukugulokhu kuyalapheka ngeteraphi nangemitjhoga. Ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko kungaziveza ngamatshwayo abonakalako, njengalokha ihliziyo nayibetha khulu, ukujuluka, ukuqhaqhazela, kunye nemizwa ekhambisana nokutshwenyeka khulu, nobudisi bokudzimelela kilokho okwenzako.&lt;ref&gt;Cleveland Clinic (2025) Anxiety Disorders. Retrieved from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders. Retrieved on 31/07/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amatshwayo Wokutshwenyeka Ngokudluleleko ==
Amatshwayo avamileko wokutshwenyeka okudluleleko abandakanya naku okulandelako:

* Ukuzizwa uhlangahlangene, ungakahlaliseki namkha ungakatjhaphuluki.
* Ukuzizwa ngasuthi kunengozi ezako, ukutjharagana.
* Ukubethela phezulu kwehliziyo.
* Ukuphefumula msinya.
* Ukujuluka.
* Ukuqhaqhazela.
* Ukuzizwa udiniwe ungenamdlandla.
* Ukungakghoni ukudzimelela kilokho okwenzako ngaphandle kokutshwenyeka.
* Ukungakghoni kuhle ukulala.
* Ukukhanjiswa yisisu nokuluma emathunjini.
* Ukuba budisi ukulawula ukutshwenyeka kwakho.
* Ukuba omuzwa wokufuna ukubalekela izinto ezikutshwenyako.&lt;ref&gt;Adam Felman (June, 24, 2025) ''What to know about anxiety.'' Retrieved from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323454. Retrieved on 31/07/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ongakwenza Nawutshwenyeke Ngokudluleleko ==
Ngokwewebhusayidi ye-Mayo Clinic, kunezinto ongazenza nawuqalene nokugulokhu.

# Balekela utjwala neendakamizwa. Izintwezi zingabhebhedlhisa ubujamo kunokuthi zibenze bube ngcono. Nangabe awukghoni ukuzilisa izintwezi tjhinga kezamaphilo namkha uthole isiqhema esisekela abantu abafuna ukulisa utjwala needakamizwa.
# Idla ukudla okunepilo. Ukudla okunepilo okungaba mirorho, iinthelo, ukudla okuziinthoro nefesi kungehlisa ukutshwenyeka khulu.
# Zazi izinto ezingakwenza utshwenyeke khulu. Funda ngobujamo nangezenzo ezingakwenza ugandeleleke namkha zikhuphule ukutshwenyeka kwakho ngokudluleleko. Zifundise iindledlana zokuthuthukisa ipilwehle yengqondo etjhiwe ngudorhoderakho wengqondo khona uzokukghona ukuqalana nemizwa le.
# Hlala uzibandula emzimbeni. Zibekele ihlelo lokuzibandula emzimbeni  amalanga amanengana evekeni. Ukuzibandula kunamandla ekwehliseni ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko, kukwenze uzizwe kamnandi uhlale uphilile.
# Funda ngokugula kwakho kwengqondo Khuluma nesiqhema sezamaphilo uthole bona yini le ekubangela bona utshwenyeke ngokudluleleko nemitjhoga neteraphi engakusebenzela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Mayo Clinic (October 4, 2024) ''11 tips for coping with an anxiety disorder.'' Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/11-tips-for-coping-with-an-anxiety-disorder. Retrieved 31/07/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
Ukutshwenyeka kungenzeka kungakhambi khona ngokwako begodu kungathuwelela isikhathi nasikhambako nangabe umuntu akalifuni isizo. Yeke kungaba kuhle bona umuntu abone abodorhodere bengqondo ngaphambi kobana ukutshwenyeka ngokudluleleko kuthuwelele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Isintu Namasiko</title>
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'''Esinye nesinye''' isitjhaba ephasini sinendlela yaso yokwenza izinto. Sinemikghwa, sinamasiko nesikopilo. Amanye namanye amasiko abe nendlela yawo yokuwenza engafani nenye. Indlela le ithoma ngokubonakala emakhaya, emphakathini, esitjhabeni nesizweni. Imikghwa yakha amasiko, amasiko akha isintu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;The Brittanica Dictionary (2025) ''Tradition.'' Retrieved  from:https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/tradition Retrieved from: 30/09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Fundamentals (2025) ''Cultural Habits.'' Retrieved from: https://sustainability-directory.com/fundamentals/cultural-habits-fundamentals/ Retrieved on 30//09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Isintu ==
Ngokwehlathululo yephasi loke, isintu (''tradition'') yindlela yokucabanga, yokuziphatha neyokwenza imikghwa, enjengamasiko, amariyadlhana, indlela yokumbatha, yokudla neyobukghwari ebeyenziwa ziintjhaba zabantu abanzima ekadeni nanamhlanjesi, emindenini, emphakathini, nesitjhabeni esele inesikhathi eside ikhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ngokwehlathululo yesi-Afrika, isintu yindlela yokuziphatha, yokucabanga neyokuphatha abanye abantu ngendlela enobuntu (''humanity''). Isaga esithi, '''&quot;umuntu mumuntu ngabantu&quot;''' mgogodlha wefundiso yesintu. &quot;'''Ungilokho ongikho ngebanga lokuthi abanye bangilokho abangikho'''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Herbert Moyo (October 14, 2022) ''Isintu.'' Retrieved from: https://globalcritical.barefield.ua.edu/self-and-persistence/isintu/ Retrieved  on 30/09/25.&lt;/ref&gt; Bubuntu-ke lobo. Ifundiso le kade khulu ikhona. Yeke isintu sibonakala ngemicabango, ngekolelo, ngemizwa nangezenzo ezinobuntu - mimikghwa, isikopilo, amasiko namariyadlhana.&lt;ref&gt;Desmond Tutu (2013), ''Who are we: Human Uniqueness and African Spirit of Ubuntu'' (Video)''.'' Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wZtfqZ271w#t=162 Retrieved on 30/09/25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amasiko ==
[[Isimumathi:Mapoch.- Femmes Ndebele in Cultural Village (1).jpg|thumb|Indlela yokumbatha yamaNdebele]]
Ayini-ke amasiko? Amasiko yindlela yokwenza izinto yendabuko eyenziwa sitjhaba esithileko ekolweni, embusweni nekuhlalisaneni kwabantu. Indlela le kade yenziwa begodu idluliselwa esizukulwaneni esilandelako ngokufundiswa ngomlomo nangezenzo. Kungaba yindlela yokwenza izenzo ezithileko zendabuko zendlela yokuziphatha, indlela yokuhlalisana nabanye, indlela yokumbatha, indlela yokudla, indlela yokubusa, indlela yokurarulula imiraro, indlela yokuraga amariyadlhana wekolo yesintu namkha yendabuko. Ngamanye amagama umukghwa othileko nawusolo ubuyelelwa iinkhathi ezinengana mumuntu, mndeni, mphakathi nesitjhaba, ugcina sele ulisiko.&lt;ref&gt;Gibbon Rangel (2022) ''Characteristics of Culture, Customs and Traditions,'' from Walsh and Medical Media Websie. Retrieved from: https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/characteristics-of-culture-customs-and-traditions-114614.html Retrieved on 30/09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Aqakatheke kangangani amasiko ebantwini? Amasiko enza umuntu azikhakhazise ngendabuko yakhe. Umuntu nakazikhakhazisa ngendabukwakhe uzozikhakhazisa ngaye ngokwakhe. Ukuzikhakhazisa kumenza azithembe yena ngokwakhe begodu azizwe amumuntu. Amasiko anendlela yokuziphatha neyokuphatha abanye emukelekako emphakathini nesitjhabeni. Lokha umuntu nakaziphatha kuhle abantu bayamthanda. Ukuthandwa babantu kukwenza uzizwe uhloniphekile unesithunzi, uzizwe unendima eqakathekileko oyidlalako emphakathini othileko. Nanyana kunamasiko angaba nomphumela omumbi emuntwini, amasiko amahle angaletha imiphumela emihle.&lt;ref&gt;Frank Sonnenberg (2025) ''7 Reasons Why Traditions Are So Important.'' Retrieved from: https://www.franksonnenbergonline.com/blog/7-reasons-why-traditions-are-so-important/ Retrieved on 30/05/25.&lt;/ref&gt; Ibuthelelo lamasiko ngilo elakha isintu.

== Imikghwa ==
Njengomana kutjhiwo ngehla, imikghwa yakha isiko, isiko lakha isintu. Alo, iyini imikghwa? Imikghwa zizenzo abantu abajayele ukuzenza. Kunemikghwa yokudla, yokukhuluma, neyokwenza, imikghwa yokuziphatha, imikghwa yokuphatha abanye, imigkhwa yokumbatha, yokubukghwari neyombhino. Imikghwa le nayisolo yenziwa mumuntu, mphakathi namkha isitjhaba, bese imukeleke ebantwini igcina sele ilisiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Iinkhombo ==
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    <title>INyanga YamaGugu</title>
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'''Qobe mnyaka,''' inyanga kaKhukhulamungu yinyanga yokugidinga amagugu namasiko wesintu eSewula Afrika. Ilanga lamaGugu elingomhla ka-24 kuKhukhulamungu, ligidinga amagugu wesintu anjengamasiko, ubukghwari, nokuhlukahluka kwamasiko wendabuko eentjhabeni zeSewula Afrika. 

Asigidingi ukuhlukahluka kwamaSewula Afrika kwaphela, kodwana nokuhlukahluka kwamasiko wephasi loke, ama-Afrika, ama-Asia, ama-Yurobhu namanye amakhontinenti, ikani nje nakanamasiko nesintu sabo esihlukahlukeneko. Lokho kubonakala ngokuthi kuhlelwe izenzakalo ezizokutjengisa ukuhlukahluka kwamagugu wamasiko nobukghwari, njengokuthi umuntu nomuntu ambathe isikhabo, nokuhlelwa kwesenzakalo esinombhino wesitjhaba ngasinye kunye nokukhangiswa kobukghwari obenziwa malunga wesitjhaba ngasinye.&lt;ref&gt;Department of Sport, Arts, and Culture (2023) ''Heritage Month - September.'' Retrieved from: https://www.dsac.gov.za/Heritage-Month-2023. Retrieved on 30/09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Umlando Wenyanga Yamagugu ==
Kuhlekuhle, ilanga langomhla ka-24 kuKhukhulamungu bekuliLanga likaShaka. Ilangeli beligidinga ukukhunjulwa kweKosi uShaka njengombana adlala indima ekulu yokuhlanganisa izizwe zabeNguni endaweni namhlanjesi ebizwa bona kuKwaZulu Natal. Yeke, qobe mnyaka iinkulungwana zabantu bakwaZulu beziza ethuneni leKosi uShaka bona lizomhlonipha belimkhumbule. Kwathi bona kuwe umBuso weBandlululo urhulumende wethula amaholideyi womphakathi amatjha. Kodwana akhenge ufake iLanga leKosi uShaka emaholideyini lawo. Yeke Inkatha Freedom Party, amalunga wayo amanengi okumaZulu, yabawa bona iLanga likaShaka lirage nokuba yiholideyi yabo. Urhulumende waqunta bona kuzokuba nelanga eliholideyi yomphakathi lapha woke umuntu eSewula Afrika azokugidinga khona amagugu wekhabo. Bekuzakuthi lokha amaZulu nakagidinga amagugu wekhabo ngeLanga likaShaka, nezinye iintjhaba zigidinge amagugu wabo wendabuko ngalo ilangeli. Ngikho nje umhla ka-24 kuKhukhulamungu, ulilanga lamagugu eSewula Afrika, nenyanga yoke kaKhukhula yaba yiNyanga yamaGugu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Kids Encyclopedia Britannica (2025) ''Heritage Day.'' Retrieved from: https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Heritage-Day/602049 Retrieved on 30/09/25&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;African Travel Canvas (Sep 13, 2021) ''National Heritage Day in South Africa: What is Heritage Day and Why Do We Celebrate It.'' Retrieved from: https://africantravelcanvas.com/news/national-heritage-day-in-south-africa-what-is-heritage-day-and-why-do-we-celebrate-it/. Retrieved on 30/09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

ILanga lamaGugu lathonywa ukugidingwa ngomhla ka-24 kuKhukhulamungu 1995. U-Atjhibhitjhobhu u-Emeritus Desmond Tutu wasebenzisa ibizo elithi &quot;''Rainbow Nation&quot;''  ukuhlathulula ngendlela amasiko, umlando, amalimi wethu okuhlukahluke ngayo. Ngilokho-ke iLanga lamaGugu elikugidingako. UmNyango wezobuKghwari namaSiko uhlela imihlangano nezenzakalo zaqobe mnyaka zokugidinga iLanga lamaGugu, bese ukhetha nendlela yokuligidingela. Amagugu angahlathululwa ngalokho esinye nesinye isitjhaba enarheni esithi nasikwenzako kusenze sikhumbule indabuko yaso. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubuhle benarha bemvelo, iindawo zezesayensi namkha zomlando ezisikhumbuzo, amatje wesikhumbuzo, imakhiwo engokomlando, ubukghwari, iincwadi, umbhino, okucocwa ngomlomo namamiziyamu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Ukuqakatheka Kokugidinga INyanga YamaGugu ==
Njengombana amaSewula Afrika wendabuko akhe abuswa mBuso weBandlululo, omunye wemigomo yawo bekukuthi abantu bendabuko bakhohlwe ngomlando wabo, amasikwabo nezici ezenza babe ngibo khona bazokulawuleka. Kwathi bona uwe umBuso webandlululo, urhulumende omutjha wathoma ijima lokuthi ubuyisele isithunzi sabantu bendabuko eSewula Afrika ngokugidinga iNyanga yamaGugu. Ukugidinga isenzakalwesi kungenza umuntu azikhakhazise ngesikhabo, amasiko, ilimi, ubukghwari nombhino wesikhabo. Bese lokho kwenze inarha ibe nabantu abayaziko imveliphi yabo namasiko wabo, okwenza abantu bahlalisane ngokuthula enarheni, bamukelane bona bahlukile endabukweni yabo. Kuphinde kuthuthukise umnotho wenarha.&lt;ref&gt;South African Government (2013) ''Heritage Day.'' Retrieved from: https://www.gov.za/news/events/commemorative-events/heritage-day. Retrieved on 30/09/25.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Iinkhombo ==</text>
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Esinye nesinye isitjhaba ephasini sinendlela yaso yokwenza izinto. Sinemikghwa, sinamasiko nesikopilo. Amanye namanye amasiko abe nendlela yawo yokuwenza engafani nenye. Indlela le ithoma ngokubonakala emakhaya, emphakathini, esitjhabeni nesizweni. Imikghwa yakha amasiko, amasiko akha isintu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;The Brittanica Dictionary (2025) ''Tradition.'' Retrieved  from:https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/tradition Retrieved from: 30/09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Fundamentals (2025) ''Cultural Habits.'' Retrieved from: https://sustainability-directory.com/fundamentals/cultural-habits-fundamentals/ Retrieved on 30//09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Isintu ==
Ngokwehlathululo yephasi loke, isintu (''tradition'') yindlela yokucabanga, yokuziphatha neyokwenza imikghwa, enjengamasiko, amariyadlhana, indlela yokumbatha, yokudla neyobukghwari ebeyenziwa ziintjhaba zabantu abanzima, emindenini, emphakathini, nesitjhabeni esele inesikhathi eside ikhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ngokwehlathululo yesi-Afrika isintu, nendlela yokuziphatha, yokucabanga neyokuphatha abanye abantu ngendlela enobuntu (''humanity''). Isaga esithi, '''&quot;umuntu mumuntu ngabantu&quot;''' mgogodlha wefundiso yesintu. &quot;'''Ungilokho ongikho ngebanga lokuthi abanye bangilokho abangikho'''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Herbert Moyo (October 14, 2022) ''Isintu.'' Retrieved from: https://globalcritical.barefield.ua.edu/self-and-persistence/isintu/ Retrieved  on 30/09/25.&lt;/ref&gt; Bubuntu-ke lobo. Ifundiso le kade khulu ikhona. Yeke isintu sibonakala ngemicabango, ngekolelo, ngemizwa nangezenzo ezinobuntu - mimikghwa, isikopilo, amasiko namariyadlhana.&lt;ref&gt;Desmond Tutu (2013), ''Who are we: Human Uniqueness and African Spirit of Ubuntu'' (Video)''.'' Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wZtfqZ271w#t=162 Retrieved on 30/09/25.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amasiko ==
[[Isimumathi:Mapoch.- Femmes Ndebele in Cultural Village (1).jpg|thumb|Indlela yokumbatha yamaNdebele]]
Ayini-ke amasiko? Amasiko yindlela yokwenza izinto yendabuko eyenziwa sitjhaba esithileko ekolweni, embusweni nekuhlalisaneni kwabantu. Indlela le kade yenziwa begodu idluliselwa esizukulwaneni esilandelako ngokufundiswa ngomlomo nangezenzo. Kungaba yindlela yokwenza izenzo ezithileko zendabuko zendlela yokuziphatha, indlela yokuhlalisana nabanye, indlela yokumbatha, indlela yokudla, indlela yokubusa, indlela yokurarulula imiraro, indlela yokuraga amariyadlhana wekolo yesintu namkha yendabuko. Ngamanye amagama umukghwa othileko nawusolo ubuyelelwa iinkhathi ezinengana mumuntu, mndeni, mphakathi nesitjhaba, ugcina sele ulisiko.&lt;ref&gt;Gibbon Rangel (2022) ''Characteristics of Culture, Customs and Traditions,'' from Walsh and Medical Media Websie. Retrieved from: https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/characteristics-of-culture-customs-and-traditions-114614.html Retrieved on 30/09/2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Aqakatheke kangangani amasiko ebantwini? Amasiko enza umuntu azikhakhazise ngendabuko yakhe. Umuntu nakazikhakhazisa ngendabukwakhe uzozikhakhazisa ngaye ngokwakhe. Ukuzikhakhazisa kumenza azithembe yena ngokwakhe begodu azizwe amumuntu. Amasiko anendlela yokuziphatha emukelekako emphakathini nesitjhabeni. Lokha umuntu nakaziphatha kuhle abantu bayamthanda. Ukuthandwa babantu kukwenza uzizwe uhloniphekile unesithunzi, uzizwe unendima eqakathekileko oyidlalako emphakathini othileko. Woke umuntu unesidingo esingokwemvelo sokuthandwa nokuthanda, ngikho nje nakamukelekako emphakathini ngebanga lokuziphatha kwakhe uzizwa amumuntu. Nanyana kunamasiko angaba nomphumela omumbi emntwini, amasiko amahle angaletha imiphumela emihle.&lt;ref&gt;Frank Sonnenberg (2025) ''7 Reasons Why Traditions Are So Important.'' Retrieved from: https://www.franksonnenbergonline.com/blog/7-reasons-why-traditions-are-so-important/ Retrieved on 30/05/25.&lt;/ref&gt; Ibuthelelo lamasiko ngilo elakha isintu.

== Imikghwa ==
Njengomana kutjhiwo ngehla, imikghwa yakha isiko, isiko lakha isintu. Alo, iyini imikghwa? Imikghwa zizenzo abantu abajayele ukuzenza. Kunemikghwa yokudla, yokukhuluma, neyokwenza, imikghwa yokuziphatha, imikghwa yokuphatha abanye, imigkhwa yokumbatha, yokubukghwari neyombhino. Imikghwa le nayisolo yenziwa mumuntu, mphakathi namkha isitjhaba, bese imukeleke ebantwini igcina sele ilisiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Iinkhombo ==
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  <page>
    <title>U-Jan Van Riebeeck</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1784</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Retrieved</comment>
      <origin>6930</origin>
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      <text bytes="9929" sha1="sjq10b1cnjsgo5huvaa3rwnl358e02z" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Jan van Riebeeck cropped.jpg|thumb|U-Jan Van Riebeeck]]
'''UJan Van Riebeeck (U-''Johan Anthoniszoon &quot;Jan&quot; Van Riebeeck'')''' wabelethwa ngomhla wama-21 kuSihlabantangana 1619 e-Culemborg, e-Netherlands abelethwa nguyise ungodorhodere ohlinzako. Wakhulela e-Schiedam, e-Netherlands, kwathi ngomhla wama-28 kuNtaka 1649, watjhada u-''Maria de la Queillerie'', waba nabantwana ababunane naye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;South African History Online (17 October 2011), ''Jan van Riebeeck.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

U-Jan Van Riebeeck waba lilunga le-''Dutch East India Company'' (''Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie'' - VOC) ngo-1639 lapha athoma khona ukuba msizi kadorhodere ohlinzako ekhambeni labo lokuya e-Batavia (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Jakarta) ngenyanga kaSihlabantangana ngo-1639 bese batjhinga e-Nagasaki eJapani ngo-1643.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
[[Isimumathi:Maria Quevellerius (1629-64), eerste vrouw van Jan van Riebeeck, of diens tweede vrouw Maria Scipio (ca. 1630-95) Rijksmuseum SK-A-806.jpeg|thumb|Umka-Jan Van Riebeeck, u-Maria Quevellerius]]
Ngo-1645 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wanikelwa isabelo sokuba mphathi wesitetjhi sokurhwebela se-VOC ebesise-Tongkin e-''French Indochina'' (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Vietnam). Wehliswa esikhundleneso ngebanga lokuthi besele azenzela irhwebo lakhe langeqadi, okuphula umthetho wekhamphani othi abaphathi akukafuzi bazenzele irhwebo ngeqadi ngepahla yekhamphani. Kwathi bona ehliswe esikhundleni, wazithola sele kufuze abuyele emva e-Netherlands ayoqalana nemilandu yakhe. Ngikho-ke besele atholakala komunye wemikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Wafika e-''Table Bay'' hlanu kwe-''Cape of Good Hope'' wahlala khona amalanga ali-18. Lokho kwamnikela isikhathi sokuqalisisa indawo, nokucabanga bona angayisebenzisa njani ekwenzeni bona i-VOC imthembe godu. Wayibona iyindawo enganikela ngokudla namanzi kabakhamba ngemikhumbi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Njengombana umkhumbi i-''Nieuwe Haerlem'' waphahlazeka ngo-1647, abasindileko bakha indawo lapho, u-Jan Van Riebeeck walemuka indlela ebebarhwebelana ngayo namaKhoikhoi njengombana balinde ukutakulwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke watlola umbiko ngendawo le nangakho koke akubonileko, bewahlongoza bona indawo le ingaba yindawo ehle khulu i-VOC engayisebenzisa. Umbiko lo watlolwa ngo-1648 wathunyelwa ekhamphanini. Kwathi ngo-1651 i-VOC yathatha isiqunto sokuthi indawo ye-''Cape of Good Hope'' ayisetjenziselwe iminqopho yekhamphani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

I-VOC yakhetha yena u-Jan Van Riebeeck bona kube nguye umdosiphambili ozokuhloma isitetjhi sokuphumula semikhumbi yamaDatjhi khona izokuthola ukudla okutjha okunepilo namanzi ahlanzekileko. Kwaba kusuka kwakhe-ke u-Jan Van Riebeeck, asuka e-Texel, e-Netherlands ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 bewayokufika e-''Table Bay'' ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-''Dromedaris'', i-''Reijger,'' i-''Goede Hoop,'' i-''Oliphant'' ne-''Walvisch''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), ''The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806.'' Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukufika Kwakhe EKapa ==
[[Isimumathi:Charles Davidson Bell - Landing of Van Riebeeck at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Ukufika kuka-Jan Van Riebeeck eKapa]]
U-Jan Van Riebeeck wasuka ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 e-Texel, e-Netherlands, wafika ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;South African History Online (17 October 2011), ''Jan van Riebeeck.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-''Dromedaris'', i-''Reijger,'' i-''Goede Hoop,'' i-''Oliphant'' ne-''Walvisch.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;South African History Online (13 January 2024) ''The Dutch Settlement.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/article/dutch-settlement Retrieved on 01/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), ''The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806.'' Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;'' Emithathu le ngiyo eyafika qangi, ngikho kwaziwa khulu le emithathu, le eminye imikhumbi emibili yafika mva. Ekufikeni kwakhe nabantu ebekakhamba nabo ngemikhumbi le wafika wakha indawo yobuphephelo ebizwa bona yi-''Fort de Goede Hoop (Fort of Good Hope).'' Bafika batjala endaweni leyo, kodwana iintjalo zabo khenge zitlhurhe kuhle, mhlamunye ngebanga lobujamo bezulu obungafani nobe-Netherlands, netjharagano ebeliphakathi kwamadoda ebekakhamba nawo nakufuze basebenze batlhgomele imikhumbu edlulako. Abantu bebabancani umsebenzi umnengi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

Kwathi ngo-1655 u-Van Riebeeck wabika bona ngaphandle kwabantu abazimisele ukusebenza emasimini, isitetjhesi sizokubhalelwa ukwenza umsebenzi esihloselwe wona. Kwathi ngo-1657, i-VOC yathumela abalimi ababhadelwako, ngombandela wokuthi balime inarha bebathengisele ikhamphani iintjalo abazilimileko. Ngibo laba ebebabizwa bona ma-''Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)''. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathatha isikhathi sakhe soke atjala bekakhiqiza amagrepsi, ama-apula namazambana, ukudla okuzokuba lisizo khulu emikhumbini edlulako. Kwathi ngo-1659 besele anesivuno samagrepsi ebesikhiqiza iwayini elibovu elilwisana nobulwele be-''scurvy,'' njengombana besele alemukile bona ukusela iwayini kuyabuvikela ubulwelobu ngokwezinga elithileko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;

Endabeni yokurhwebelana, zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoekhoe ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ithengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Steemit Website (2018) ''SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope''. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato, umdosiphambili wesitjhaba sama-Khoekhoe ama-''Gorinhaikona,'' nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. [[U-Autshumato]] wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje, iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. Ama-Khoekhoe aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoekhoe akhambe ayoyeba.&lt;ref&gt;Castle of Good Hope (''13th November 2018'') ''Interpreters' Flawed Contracts With Dutch''Retrieved from: https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/news/100-news/142-interpreters-flawed-contracts-with-dutch. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-''Robben Island'' ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni.  Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;  Ngesikhathesi [[u-Autshumato]] besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-''Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)''  neengqila ze-Madagascar.  U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-''Robben Island'' godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-''Robben Island'' njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Camissa Museum (2026) ''Autshumao (1610 - 1674)'', Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukufa Kwakhe ==
Ngomhla wobu-8 kuKhukhulamungu wango-1662 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wakhamba eKapa esesewula Afrika, watjhiya u-Zacharias Wagenaer bona kube nguye osala aphethe endaweni abakiyo eKapa. Wafika wahlala endaweni ebizwa bona yiMalacca namhlanjesi ebizwa bona yi-Melaka eseMalaysia, wahlala lapho bekwaba nguKhukhulamungu wango-1665. Umkakhe wahlongakala ngokubulawa bulwele bepokisi ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba ngo-1664. Ngemva kwalokho wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-''Governor-General-in-Council'' wenarha yeNdiya, begodu wahlala e-Batavia ipilwakhe yoke. Wahlongakala ngomhla we-18 kuTjhirhweni 1677.&lt;ref&gt;S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science (2026)'''''Van Riebeeck,''' Commander '''Johan Antoniszoon''' (advancement of science).'' Retrieved from: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2953. Retrieved on 16/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Iinkhombo ==</text>
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    <title>Ukufika KwamaBhuru ESewula Afrika</title>
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      <id>6928</id>
      <parentid>6767</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-05T23:28:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Varlaam</username>
        <id>1784</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Retrieved</comment>
      <origin>6928</origin>
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      <text bytes="14056" sha1="3yy39cxxkgbb288rewd7wxphj7wd4f4" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg|thumb|260x260px|Iflarha le-VOC (Dutch East India Company)]]
'''AmaDatjhi''' '''(ngokhamba kwesikhathi abizwa ngamaBhuru)''' afika esewula ne-Afrika, eKapa, ngomhla we-6 kuSihlabantangana  ngo-1652. Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu badoswa phambili ngu-Jan Van Riebeeck. Isizathu esenza amaDatjhi azithole aseKapa yindaba yezerhwebo. Abantwaba  bebangaphasi kwekhamphani ebizwa bona yi-''Dutch East India Company'' (V''ereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie'' ''-'' VOC).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;South African History Online (13 January 2024) ''The Dutch Settlement.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/article/dutch-settlement Retrieved on 01/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ikhamphani le beyithatha ipahla, ikhambe amalwandle ngemikhumbi, iyoyithengisa eNdiya. Yeke ngebanga lokubalekela iingebengu zelwandle beyizomba inarhakazi yoke ye-Afrika. Kodwana ibangeli belilide khulu, begodu imikhumbi beyiphelelwa kukudla isendleleni. Yeke bekufuze kube nendawo lapha bangajama khona baphumule bathole nokudla okuzobafikisa eNdiya, iinthelo, imirorho, inyama namanzi ahlanzekileko ebekutholakala budisi kezinye iindawo. IKapa yaba ngileyondawo, ngikho nje beyibizwa bona yi-''Cape of Good Hope''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

U-Jan Van Riebeeck wabona indawo le asendleleni ebuyela emva e-Holland, avela eJapani, njengombana bekathengisela i-VOC iinkhumba. Wathi nakehla emkhunjini eKapa, wabona indawo le ingaba yihle khulu bona imikhumbi ye-VOC ingaphumulela khona bese iraga nekhambo layo itjhinge eNdiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== U-Jan Van Riebeeck - 1647 ==
[[Isimumathi:Jan van Riebeeck cropped.jpg|thumb|U-Jan Van Riebeeck]]
Kuhlekuhle bekungasikokuthoma amaDatjhi afika ngo-1652. Bakhe bafika okokuthoma ngenyanga kaNtaka ngo-1647 bakhamba ngomkhumbi obizwa bona yi-''Nieuwe Haarlem''. Umkhumbi lo wafika waphahlazeka eKapa. Abasinda emkhunjini lowo bafika bakha indawo abayibiza bona yi-''Sand Fort of the Cape of Good Hope.'' Bahlala lapho pheze umnyaka woke. Ekugcineni kwafika imikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Komunye wemikhumbi le bekunendoda ebizwa bona ngu-Jan Van Riebeeck.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Marco Ramerini, English text by Dietrich Köster (January, 11 2014), ''The Dutch in South Africa, 1652-1795 and 1802-1806.'' Retrieved from https://www.colonialvoyage.com/dutch-south-africa/. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;South African History Online (17 October 2011), ''Jan van Riebeeck.'' Retrieved from: https://sahistory.org.za/people/jan-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 03/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[U-Jan Van Riebeeck]] (U-''Johan Anthoniszoon &quot;Jan&quot; Van Riebeeck'') wabelethwa ngomhla ka-21 kuSihlabantangana 1619 e-Culemborg, e-Netherlands abelethwa nguyise ungodorhodere ohlinzako. Wakhulela e-Schiedam, e-Netherlands, kwathi ngomhla wama-28 kuNtaka 1649, watjhada u-''Maria de la Queillerie'', waba nabantwana ababunane naye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

U-Jan Van Riebeeck waba lilunga le-''Dutch East India Company'' (''Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie'' -  VOC) ngo-1639 lapha athoma khona ukuba msizi kadorhodere ohlinzako ekhambeni labo lokuya e-Batavia (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Jakarta) ngenyanga kaSihlabantangana 1639 bese batjhinga e-Nagasaki eJapani ngo-1643.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ngo-1645 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wanikelwa isabelo sokuba mphathi wesitetjhi sokurhwebela se-VOC ebesise-Tongkin e-''French Indochina'' (namhlanjesi eyaziwa nge-Vietnam). Wehliswa esikhundleneso ngebanga lokuthi besele azenzela irhwebo lakhe langeqadi, okuphula umthetho wekhamphani othi abaphathi akukafuzi bazenzele irhwebo ngeqadi ngepahla yekhamphani. Kwathi bona ehliswe esikhundleni, wazithola sele kufuze abuyele emva e-Netherlands ayoqalana nemilandu yakhe. Ngikho-ke besele atholakala komunye wemikhumbi eli-12 ebeyidoswa phambili ngu-W.G de Jong. Wafika e-''Table Bay'' hlanu kwe-''Cape of Good Hope'' wahlala khona amalanga ali-18. Lokho kwamnikela isikhathi sokuqalisisa indawo, nokucabanga bona angayisebenzisa njani ekwenzeni bona i-VOC imthembe godu. Wayibona iyindawo enganikela ngokudla namanzi kabakhamba ngemikhumbi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Njengombana umkhumbi i-''Nieuwe Haerlem'' waphahlazeka ngo-1647, abasindileko bakha indawo lapho, u-Jan Van Riebeeck walemuka indlela ebebarhwebelana ngayo namaKhoikhoi njengombana balinde ukutakulwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke watlola umbiko ngendawo le nangakho koke akubonileko, bewahlongoza bona indawo le ingaba yindawo ehle khulu i-VOC engayisebenzisa. Umbiko lo watlolwa ngo-1648 wathunyelwa ekhamphanini. Kwathi ngo-1651 i-VOC yathatha isiqunto sokuthi indawo ye-''Cape of Good Hope'' ayisetjenziselwe iminqopho yekhamphani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

I-VOC yakhetha yena u-Jan Van Riebeeck bona kube nguye umdosiphambili ozokuhloma isitetjhi sokuphumula semikhumbi yamaDatjhi khona izokuthola ukudla okutjha okunepilo namanzi ahlanzekileko. Kwaba kusuka kwakhe-ke u-Jan Van Riebeeck, asuka e-Texel, e-Netherlands ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 bewayokufika e-''Table Bay'' ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-''Dromedaris'', i-''Reijger,'' i-''Goede Hoop,'' i-''Oliphant'' ne-''Walvisch''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ukufika KwamaDatjhi  - 1652 ==
[[Isimumathi:VOC ship Phenix.jpg|thumb|Imikhumbi yamaDatjhi ifika eKapa]]
U-Jan Van Riebeeck wasuka ngomhla wama-24 kuNobayeni 1651 e-Texel, e-Netherlands, wafika ngomhla wesi-6 kaSihlabantangana 1652.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Bafika bakhamba ngemikhumbi emihlanu - i-''Dromedaris'', i-''Reijger,'' i-''Goede Hoop,'' i-''Oliphant'' ne-''Walvisch.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;'' Emithathu le ngiyo eyafika qangi, ngikho kwaziwa khulu le emithathu, le eminye imikhumbi emibili yafika mva. Ekufikeni kwakhe nabantu ebekakhamba nabo ngemikhumbi le wafika wakha indawo yobuphephelo ebizwa bona yi-''Fort de Goede Hoop (Fort of Good Hope).'' Bafika batjala endaweni leyo, kodwana iintjalo zabo khenge zitlhurhe kuhle, mhlamunye ngebanga lobujamo bezulu obungafani nobe-Netherlands, netjharagano ebeliphakathi kwamadoda ebekakhamba nawo nakufuze basebenze batlhgomele imikhumbu edlulako. Abantu bebabancani umsebenzi umnengi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Kwathi ngo-1655 u-Van Riebeeck wabika bona ngaphandle kwabantu abazimisele ukusebenza emasimini, isitetjhesi sizokubhalelwa ukwenza umsebenzi esihloselwe wona. Kwathi ngo-1657, i-VOC yathumela abalimi ababhadelwako, ngombandela wokuthi balime inarha bebathengisele ikhamphani iintjalo abazilimileko. Ngibo laba ebebabizwa bona ma-''Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)''. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathatha isikhathi sakhe soke atjala bekakhiqiza amagrepsi, ama-apula namazambana, ukudla okuzokuba lisizo khulu emikhumbini edlulako. Kwathi ngo-1659 besele anesivuno samagrepsi ebesikhiqiza iwayini elibovu elilwisana nobulwele be-''scurvy,'' njengombana besele alemukile bona ukusela iwayini kuyabuvikela ubulwelobu ngokwezinga elithileko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ama-Khoikhoi ==
Ukuthoma kokufika kwamaDatjhi eKapa (''Cape of Good Hope'') khenge kubamangaze abantu bendabuko bendawo leyo ama-Khoikhoi. AmaDatjhi afika nje ama-Khoikhoi besele kukade arhwebelana namaPutukezi, amaFrentji namaNgisi. Nangaphezu kokufika kuka-Van Riebeeck, ngokuya kuka-Knox‑Johnson, phakathi nomnyaka wabo-1600 kuya ku-1700, besele kudlule imikhumbi yamaDatjhi eziyi-1 730. Yeke amaKhoikhoi bekangawaqabuki amaDatjhi ngesikhatheso.&lt;ref&gt;Helen Swingler (22 September 2021) ''Heritage Month: The Khoi encountered Europeans long before Van Riebeeck,'' University of Cape Town News. Retrieved from: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-09-22-the-khoi-encountered-europeans-long-before-van-riebeeck. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Isimumathi:Khoikhoi Hottentot p197.jpg|thumb|Ama-Khoikhoi]]
Esikhathini sokufika kwamaDatjhi bekunendoda ebizwa bona ngu-Autshumato, namkha u-Autshumao, amaDatjhi ebebambiza bona ngu-''Harry die Strandloper''. [[U-Autshumato]] bekayikosi yesitjhaba samaKhoikhoi ebesibizwa bona ma-''Gorinhaikona''. Isitetjhana sokurhwebelana nabantu bemikhumbi sathonywa nguye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Roben Island Museum (13 May 2017) ''Autshumato''. Retrieved from: http://www.robben-island.org.za/departments/heritage/gallery/autshumato.asp. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1630 wathathwa maNgisi esitjhabeni sekhabo bona ambandulele ukukhulumisana nabanye ngendaba yezokurhwebelana begodu atolige. Yeke amaNgisi amthatha amusa e-Bantam eNgilandi, wafika wafundiswa isiNgisi, isiDatjhi nesiFrentji nesiPutukezi. Wathi nakabuya eKapa bamthatha bamusa e-''Robben Island'' yena nabalandeli bakhe. Bekuthi imikhumbi nayifikako ambathe iimpahla zamaYurobhu akhulumisane nabokapteni bemikhumbi, akhulume isiNgisi nesiFrentji. Bambiza bona yi-''Governor.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Camissa Museum (2026) ''Autshumao (1610 - 1674)'', Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwathi ngo-1638, u-Autshumao nomphakathi wekhabo ebewunabantu abangaba ma-60, babuya esihlengehlengeni beza enarheni eKapa, lapha kuhlangana khona umlambo i-''Camissa River'' nelwandle. Yena nomndenakhe ngibo ebebaphethe isitetjhi sokurhwebelana i-''‖Ammaqua'' (okutjho Abantu bemanzini) okulibizo u-Jan Van Riebeeck ebekababiza ngalo ekuthomeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Ngesikhathi amaDatjhi afika, umuntu wokuthoma ukubamukela bekungu-Autshumato nabantu bakhe. ngikho nje amaDatjhi bebababiza ngokuthi ma-''Strandloper'' ngombana babathola bakhamba eligwini lelwandle. Kusukela bathoma ukubonana bathoma ukurhwebelana. Zoke izinto ebezenzeka u-Jan Van Riebeeck wazitlola emajenalini wakhe. AmaDatjhi bewathenga iinkomo nezimvu kuma-Khoikhoi ngepahla ehlukahlukeneko kuhlanganise notjwala negwayi. Bese inyama yefuyo le idliwe, enye ethengiselwe abantu abadlula ngemikhumbi yekhamphani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Steemit Website (2018) ''SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope''. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kwathi ngenyanga kaSewula wango-1653 kwaba nokurhitjhana phakathi kuka-Autshumato nomelusi weenkomo zika-Van Riebeeck u-David Jansz. U-Autshumato wambulala wathatha iinkomo. Ukurhitjhanokhu kuthoma nje iintjhaba ezimbili lezi besele zingasathelelani kuhle amanzi. AmaDatjhi besele aqala u-Autshumato nabantu bakhe njengamasela. U-Jan Van Riebeeck wathi u-Autshumato lisela elinelimi elibutjhelelezi. AmaKhoikhoi aqala amaDatjhi njengabakhohlisi ngokuthi intengo yotjwala negwayi ayilingani nentengo yesilwana esifuywako. Bebathi bangabusela utjwala buphele, babone ifuywabo emadlelweni wamaDatjhi, yanda. Bese amaKhoikhoi akhambe ayoyeba.&lt;ref&gt;Castle of Good Hope (''13th November 2018'') ''Interpreters' Flawed Contracts With Dutch''Retrieved from: https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/index.php/news/100-news/142-interpreters-flawed-contracts-with-dutch. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Isenzakalo sokubulawa kuka-David Jansz sasusa ipi phakathi kwama-Khoe namaDatjhi. U-Van RieBeeck wathi u-Autshumato unomlandu wokubulala. Yeke kwaliwa ipi, ekugcineni ama-Khoe ahlulwa. U-Autshumato wabanjwa wasiwa ekuthunjweni e-''Robben Island'' ngawo umnyaka ka-1653. Kodwana ngo-1655 watjhatjululwa wabuyiswa enarheni.  Nakafikako u-Jan Van Riebeeck wamamukela wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokutologa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;Steemit Website (2018) ''SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY: Autshumato translator and first Postmaster of The Cape of Good Hope''. Retrieved from: https://steemit.com/history/@krabgat/south-african-history-autshumato-translator-and-first-postmaster-of-the-cape-of-good-hope. Retrieved on 14/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ngesikhathesi [[u-Autshumato]] besele azwisisa indlela amaYurobhu arhweba ngayo nendlela yokuzuza kiyo. Bekathi nakarhwebela u-Jan Van Riebeeck iinkomo, aqiniseke bona imbadelo yekhamphani yanele bona ingabhadela neenkomo azithengela zona yena, ngikho nje aba mumuntu oregileko eKapa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nokhunye godu ukurhitjhana phakathi kwama-Khoekhoe namaDatjhi ngo-1657. Ukurhitjhanokhu kubangwa kungazwani kwama-''Free Burghers (Vry Burgers)''  neengqila ze-Madagascar.  U-Jan Van Riebeeck wakateleleka bona akhe isivikelo endaweni leyo, bona enze ama-Khoekhoe asuke endaweni leyo. Bekuthi ezinye iingqila naziphunyurhako asebenzise u-Autshumato njengesithunjwa ukuhlohlozela ama-Khoe bona akhambe ayokubamba iingqilezo. Kodwana iqhinga lika-Van Riebeeck khenge liphumelele ngendlela afuna ngayo. Kwathi ngo-1658 u-Autshumato wabanjwa, wathathelwa yoke ifuywakhe. Ngemva kokutjhutjhiswa wathunjwa wasiwa e-''Robben Island'' godu. Kodwana wathi nakalapho waphunyurha ngesikepe esivuzako. Bekube kunamhlanjesi, u-Autshumato nguye kwaphela umuntu okghone ukuphunyurha e-''Robben Island'' njengesibotjhwa. Kunokuthi nakabuyako enarheni abotjhwe, u-Van Riebeeck wambuyisela esikhundleni sakhe sokukhulumisana nokutologa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;Camissa Museum (2026) ''Autshumao (1610 - 1674)'', Retrieved from: https://camissamuseum.co.za/index.php/7-tributaries/1-cape-indigenous-africans/autshumao. Retrieved on 12/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngomhla wobu-8 kuKhukhulamungu wango-1662 u-Jan Van Riebeeck wakhamba eKapa esesewula Afrika, watjhiya u-Zacharias Wagenaer bona kube nguye osala aphethe endaweni abakiyo eKapa. Wafika wahlala endaweni ebizwa bona yiMalacca namhlanjesi ebizwa bona yi-Melaka eseMalaysia, wahlala lapho bekwaba nguKhukhulamungu wango-1665. Umkakhe wahlongakala ngokubulawa bulwele bepokisi ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba ngo-1664. Ngemva kwalokho wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-''Governor-General-in-Council'' wenarha yeNdiya, begodu wahlala e-Batavia ipilwakhe yoke. Wahlongakala ngomhla we-18 kuTjhirhweni 1677.&lt;ref&gt;S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science (2026)'''''Van Riebeeck,''' Commander '''Johan Antoniszoon''' (advancement of science).'' Retrieved from: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2953. Retrieved on 16/01/2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Kwaba kufika nokuhlala kwamaDatjhi eSewula Afrika.

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    <title>ILanga Le-Valentine</title>
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      <text bytes="3758" sha1="jxc0e5lyutec9ayyii8napvtpm934zd" xml:space="preserve">[[Isimumathi:Antique_Valentine_1909_01.jpg|thumb|Ikarada le-Valentine lango-1909]]
'''Ilanga le-Valentine''' lilanga elaziwa ngokuthi lilalanga leenthandani eligidingwa ephasini mazombe ngomhla we-14 kuMhlolanja. Lilanga lapho iinthandani eziphana khona izipho njengendlela yokutjengisana ithando. Abantu abanengi bakholelwa bona ilangelilasungulwa ngesikhathi kubulawa u-Saint Valentine, umphristi omKrestu ngebanga lokutjhadisa abantu abathandanako esiphirini embusweni weRoma. UmBuso weRoma bewalela amadoda bona atjhade ngebanga lokuthi kufuze aye epini. Yeke ukutjhadisa amadoda nabafazi ababathandana nawo bekuphambana nomthetho wamaRoma. Ngilokho-ke okwafaka u-Saint Valentine ekingeni, wagcina sele alahlekelwa nayipilwakhe. Kodwana zinengi izinto ezicatjangelwako emlandweni ezaba mthelela ekusungulweni kwelangeli.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;History.com (2026)''History of Valentine’s Day.'' Retrieved from: https://www.history.com/articles/history-of-valentines-day. Retrieved on 16/02/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umlando Ka-Valentine ==
[[Isimumathi:Saint_Valentine_-_facial_reconstruction.jpg|thumb|Isithombe esakhwe kabutjha sika-Saint Valentine]]
Nanyana kunabantu abambalwa abamaKrestu ababulawelwa ukukholwa kwabo ababizwa ngabo-Valentine, ilangeli kungenzeka lasungulwa lisuselwa emphristini owabulawa ngo 270 AD, abulawa mbusi u-Claudius II Gothicus. Endabeni ecocwako, umphristi lo watlikitla incwadi ngokuthi &quot;ivela ku-Valentine wakho&quot; ayitlolela indodakazi yomuntu omfake ejele, ebesele amngani nayo, kokunye ukulandisa okuthiwa wayelapha bona ikghone ukubona ngombana beyiphophele. Kokunye ukulandisa kuthiwa ngu-St Valentine ombhitjhobhu ovela endaweni ye-Temi, okunguye ilangeli elibizwa ngaye, nanyana kungenzeka bona abantwaba bamumuntu munye. Omunye umlando uthi u-St Valentine khenge alalele umthetho wekosi, bewatjhadisa iinthandani esiphirini, okwenza bona amadoda atjhadileko angayi epini. Kwathi bona atholakale, wagwetjelwa ukufa. Kungenzeka ngilesi sizathu ilangeli lihlobene nethando kangaka.&lt;ref&gt;Britannica (2026) ''Valentines Day.'' Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Valentines-Day. Retrieved on 16/02/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umlando Womnyanya WamaRoma ==
Eqinisweni, amaRoma asabusa, bekunomnyanya wamaRoma ebewubizwa bona mNyanya ka-Lupercalia. Amadoda bekahlaba imbuzi nenja, bomise iinkhumba zazo, bese bayazisika zibe mimitja. Amadoda ngelangelo bekagijima endleleni bese barithe abafazi ngemitja yeenkhumbezo. Umnyanya lo bewenziwa ngomhla we-13 kuya ngowe-15 kuMhlolanja. Ngalesosikhathi kuthiwa abafazi bebakuthanda ukurithwa ngeenkhumbezi ngombana bebakholelwa ukuthi bazokuba nembeleko emnyakeni olandelako.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Arnie Seipel (14 February 2022) ''The dark origins of Valentine's Day,'' NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2011/02/14/133693152/the-dark-origins-of-valentines-day. Retrieved on 16/02/2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngokuka-Noel Lenski, onguphrofesa weemfundo zezekolo e-Yale University, atjela i-NPR ngo-2011, uthi amaRoma 'bewasela adakwe, abe hlubule.' Abafazi bebajama babe mjeje, bajamele bona amadoda abarithe ngemitja yesikhumba seenlwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Umnyanya lowo bewuphetha ngekatho eyenziwa madoda, ngokukhetha amagama wabafazi angaphakathi emjekeni. Umfazi omkhethileko uzokuthandana naye emnyanyeni loyo kwaphela, namkha isikhathi eside nangabe niyakhambelana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Nanyana amaKrestu andlondlobala, umnyanya lo bewusolo ukhona bekwafika lapha kuthiwa khona umnyanya lo awusiwo wobuKrestu, ekugcineni kweminyaka yama-500 AD, lokha uPapa u-Gelasius aqunta bona umhla we-14 kaMhlolanja sele kulilanga okuzokugidingwa ngalo u-St Valentine. Nanyana kunjalo kwakhamba iminyaka eminengi khulu ngaphambi kobana ilangeli lihlotjaniswe nethando.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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