Wikipedia nsowiki https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letlakala_la_pele MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Bolediša Mošomi Boledišana le Mošomi Wikipedia Dipolelo tša Wikipedia Seswantšho Poledišano ya Seswantšho MediaWiki Poledišano ya MediaWiki Template Poledišano ya Template Thušo Poledišano ya Thušo Setensele Poledišano ya Setensele TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 256 54956 52116 2026-05-27T00:09:03Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |native_name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-left:2.5em;font-size:85%;<!--size of [show]/[hide] link--> |liststyle = text-align:center;white-space:nowrap; |title = {{resize|118%|Repabliki ya Afrika Borwa}} | {{small|{{nobold|''10 other official names:''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/theconstitution/thetext.htm |title=The Constitution |publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa |accessdate=3 September 2009}}</ref>}}}} | {{native name|af|{{small|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|nr|{{small|iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|xh|{{small|iRiphabliki yomZantsi Afrika}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|zu|{{small|iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|ss|{{small|iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|nso|{{small|Repabliki ya Aforika Borwa}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|st|{{small|Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|tn|{{small|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|ts|{{small|Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga}}|fontsize=68%}} | {{native name|ve|{{small|Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe}}|fontsize=68%}} }} |common_name = South Africa |image_flag = Flag of South Africa.svg |alt_flag = |image_coat = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg |alt_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |national_motto = "{{unicode|!ke e: ǀxarra ǁke}}"&nbsp;{{small|(ǀXam)}}<br/>{{small|"Botee ka go Mehutahuta"}} |national_anthem = Kosha ya setšhaba ya Afrika Borwa<br />[[Seswantšho:South African national anthem.oga|center]] |image_map = Location South Africa AU Africa.svg |map_caption = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=dark blue|region=Africa|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the African Union|subregion_color=light blue}} |alt_map = |capital = {{unbulleted list |[[Pretoria]] {{small|(executive)}} |[[Bloemfontein]] {{small|(judicial)}} |[[Cape Town]] {{small|(legislative)}}}} |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |largest_city = {{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]] {{small|(2006)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html |title=Principal Agglomerations of the World |publisher=Citypopulation.de |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} |official_languages = <ref>''Note:'' The Khoi, Nama and San languages, South African Sign Language, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Portuguese, Tamil, Telegu, Urdu, Arabic, Hebrew, Sanskrit and "other languages used for religious purposes in South Africa" have a special status ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180207020120/http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/constitution/english-web/ch1.html Chapter 1, Article 6 of the South African Constitution]).</ref> {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[Maleme a Afrika Borwa|11 Maleme]] |liststyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa; | [[Afrikaans]] | [[Seisimane]] |[[Sendebele]] |[[Sepedi]] |[[Sesotho]] |[[Seswati]] |[[Setsonga]] |[[Setswana]] |[[Sevenda]] |[[Sethosa]]<!--isiXhosa--> |[[Sezulu]] }} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|79.2% [[Bathobaso]]}} | 8.9% [[Bammala]] | 8.9% [[Makgowa]] | 2.5% [[MaIndia]] | 0.5% Šele }} |ethnic_groups_year = {{lower|0.4em}} <ref name="Note">The Census 2011 household [http://www.statssa.gov.za/census2011/documents/CensusQuestionnaires/Census%202011_q_A.pdf questionnaire] describes the groups shown here as population groups, asking in respect of each household member "How would ''(name)'' describe him/herself in terms of population group?".</ref> |demonym = MoAfrika Borwa |government_type = Repabliki ya palamente ya molaotheo |leader_title1 = Presidente |leader_name1 = Cyril Ramaphosa |leader_title2 = Motlatša Presidente |leader_name2 =David Mabuza |leader_title3 = Modulasetulo wa NCOP |leader_name3 = Thandi Modise |leader_title4 = Sepikara sa Seboka sa Maloko a Palamente |leader_name4 = Baleka Mbete |leader_title5 = Moahlodi yo Mogolo |leader_name5 = Mogoeng Mogoeng |legislature = Palamente |upper_house = Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Diprofense |lower_house = Seboka sa Maloko a Palamente |sovereignty_type = Boikemo |sovereignty_note = United Kingdom |established_event1 = Kopanyo |established_date1 = 31 May 1910 |established_event2 = Statute of Westminster |established_date2 = 11 December 1931 |established_event3 = Repabliki |established_date3 = 31 May 1961 |area_rank = 25th |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 1,221,037 |area_sq_mi = 471,443 |area_footnote = |percent_water = negligible |population_estimate = 52,981,991<ref name=newpopest>{{cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022013.pdf |title=Mid-year population estimates 2013 |publisher=Statistics South Africa |format=PDF |accessdate=21 July 2013}}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 25th |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_census = 51,770,560{{rp|18}} |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 42.4 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = 169th |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$623.201 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=48&pr.y=15&sy=2013&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=199&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=South Africa |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2013-10-27}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} |GDP_PPP_rank = 25th |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,914<ref name=imf2 /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 82nd |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$371.211 billion<ref name=imf2/>}} |GDP_nominal_rank = 33rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,096<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 83rd |Gini_year = 2009 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 63.1 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref =<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}</ref> |Gini_rank = <!-- 2nd --><!-- hid rank as source not clear --> |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.629 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 121st |currency = [[South African rand]] |currency_code = ZAR |time_zone = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = |DST_note = |utc_offset_DST = |antipodes = |date_format = |drives_on = left |calling_code = +27 |iso3166code = |cctld = .za |languages_type=|languages2_type=|leader_name6=|leader_name7=|leader_name8=|leader_name9=|FR_total_population_estimate_year=|FR_foot=|FR_total_population_estimate=|FR_total_population_estimate_rank=|FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank=}} '''Afrika Borwa''', semmušo '''[[South African Rand|Repabliki ya Afrika Borwa]]''', ke naga ya borwa bja Afrika. E lekantšwe ka borwa ke dikhilomithara tše 2,798 (1,739 mi) tša lebopong leo le otlollwago go bapa le Mawatle a Atlantic-Borwa le India; ka leboa ke dinaga tša kgauswi tša Namibia, Botswana, le Zimbabwe; le ka bohlabela le ka leboa-bohlabela ke Mozambique le Eswatini. E boetse e dikologile ka ho feletseng naha Lesotho. Ke naga ya ka borwa kudu nagengkgolo ya Lefase la Kgale, le naga ya bobedi ka bontši bja badudi yeo e lego ka borwa ka botlalo bja equator, ka morago ga Tanzania. Afrika Borwa ke lefelo la go fiša la mehuta ya diphedi, le di-biomes tša moswananoši, bophelo bja dimela le diphoofolo. Ka batho ba go feta dimilione tše 60, naga ye ke setšhaba sa bo-24 ka bontši bja badudi lefaseng gomme e akaretša lefelo la disekwere-khilomithara tše 1 221 037 (disekwere-khilomithara tše 471 445). Pretoria ke motse-mošate wa taolo, mola Motse Kapa, bjalo ka setulo sa Palamente, e le motse-mošate wa go dira melao. Bloemfontein ka setšo e be e tšewa bjalo ka motse-mošate wa boahlodi. Motse o mogolo, le lefelo la kgorotsheko ya godimodimo ke Johannesburg. Mo e ka bago 80% ya badudi ke MaAfrika Borwa a Bathobaso. Baagi ba ba šetšego ba bopilwe ka ditšhaba tše kgolo tša Afrika tša borakgolokhukhu ba Yuropa (MaAfrika Borwa a Bašweu), Asia (MaAfrik- Borwa a India le MaAfrika Borwa a China), le merafe ye mentši (MaAfrika-Borwa a Mebala). Afrika Borwa ke setšhaba sa merafe ye mentši seo se akaretšago ditšo, maleme le madumedi a go fapafapana. Sebopego sa yona sa bontši se bonagala ka go amogelwa ga molaotheo ga maleme a 12 a semmušo, e lego palo ya bone ya godimodimo lefaseng. Go ya ka palo ya batho ya 2011, maleme a mabedi a pele ao a bolelwago kudu ke Sezulu (22.7%) le Sexhosa (16.0%).[19] Tše pedi tše di latelago ke tša setlogo sa Yuropa: Seafrikanse (13.5%) se hlamilwe go tšwa go Sedatch gomme se šoma bjalo ka leleme la mathomo la bontši bja MaAfrika Borwa a Mebala le Bašweu; Seisemane (9.6%) se laetša bohwa bja bokoloniale bja Brithania gomme se šomišwa ka tlwaelo bophelong bja setšhaba le bja kgwebo. Naga ye ke e nngwe ya tše mmalwa Afrika tšeo di sa kago tša ba le phetogelo ya mmušo, gomme dikgetho tša ka mehla di swerwe mo e nyakilego go ba ngwagakgolo. Le ge go le bjalo, bontši bjo bogolo bja MaAfrika Borwa a Bathobaso ga se ba fiwa ditokelo go fihla ka 1994. Nakong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo 20, bontši bja bathobaso bo ile bja nyaka go kgopela ditokelo tše ntši go tšwa go bonnyane bjo bo bušago bja bašweu, bjo bo kgathilego tema ye kgolo historing ya morago bjale le dipolotiking tša naga. Mokgatlo wa Setšhaba o ile wa gapeletša kgethologanyo ka 1948, wa dira gore kgethollo ya morafo ya nakong e fetilego e be ya dihlongwa. Ka morago ga ntwa ye telele le ka dinako tše dingwe ya dikgaruru ke African National Congress le balwela-kgethollo ba bangwe ka gare le ka ntle ga naga, go phumolwa ga melao ya kgethollo go thomile bogareng bja bo-1980. Go tloga ka 1994, dihlopha ka moka tša merafe le tša maleme di swere boemedi bja dipolotiki ka temokrasi ya tokologo ya naga, yeo e akaretšago repabliki ya palamente le diprofense tše senyane. Afrika Borwa gantši e bitšwa "setšhaba sa molalatladi" go hlaloša go fapafapana ga ditšo tše dintši tša naga ye, kudukudu ka morago ga kgethologanyo. Afrika Borwa ke mmušo wa magareng mererong ya boditšhabatšhaba; e boloka khuetšo ye bohlokwa ya selete gomme ke setho sa bobedi Commonwealth of Nations le G20. Ke naga ye e hlabologago, e maemong a bo 109 go Tšhupetšo ya Tlhabollo ya Batho, e lego ya bo 7 godimo kudu kontinenteng. Afrika Borwa ke setšhaba se nnoši sa Afrika seo se dirago molao wa lenyalo la batho ba bong bjo bo swanago. E arotšwe ke Panka ya Lefase bjalo ka naga yeo e sa tšwago go hlagolela diintasteri gomme e na le ekonomi ya boraro ka bogolo le ekonomi ye e hlabologilego kudu, ya theknolotši ye e tšwetšego pele ka Afrika ka kakaretšo gammogo le ekonomi ya bo 39 ka bogolo lefaseng. Afrika Borwa e na le Mafelo a Bohwa bja Lefase a UNESCO kudu ka Afrika. Ga e sa le go tloga mafelelong a kgethologanyo, boikarabelo bja mmušo le boleng bja bophelo di kaonefetše kudu. Le ge go le bjalo, bosenyi, bodiidi le go se lekalekane di sa dutše di atile, ka mo e ka bago 40% ya palomoka ya badudi bao ba sa šomego go tloga ka 2021, mola mo e ka bago 60% ya baagi ba be ba phela ka fase ga moedi wa bodiidi le kotara ya ka fase ga $2.15 ka letšatši. == Etymology == Lebitso la "Afrika Borwa" le fumaneha ho tloha sebaka sa naha sa thutafase ntlheng e ka boroa ea Afrika. Ge naga e hlomilwe, naga e ile ya rewa leina la Union of South Africa ka Seisemane le Unie van Zuid-Afrika ka Sedache, e laetša setlogo sa yona go tšwa go kopanyo ya dikoloni tše nne tša Brithania tšeo pele di bego di arogane. Go tloga ka 1961, leina le letelele la semmušo ka Seisemane e bile "Repabliki ya Afrika Borwa" le Republiek van Suid-Afrika ka Seburu. Ga e sa le go tloga ka 1994, naga ye e bile le leina la semmušo ka leleme le lengwe le le lengwe la maleme a yona a 12 a semmušo. Mzansi, e tšwa go leina la Sexhosa uMzantsi leo le rago gore "borwa", ke leina la polelo ya Afrika Borwa, mola mekgatlo ye mengwe ya dipolotiki ya Pan-Africanist e rata lereo "Azania". == Histori == === Boepi bja marope bja pele ga histori === Afrika Borwa e na le a mangwe a mafelo a kgale kudu a boepi bja marope le a batho-fossil lefaseng. Baepi ba marope ba hweditše mašaledi a magolo a mešaletša go tšwa lelokelelong la magageng ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Lefelo le, e lego Lefelo la Bohwa bja Lefase la UNESCO, le swailwe ka leina la "Lesaka la Batho". Mafelo a akaretša Sterkfontein, ye nngwe ya mafelo a humilego kudu a difosele tša hominin lefaseng, gammogo le Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave, Kromdraai, Cooper's Cave le Malapa. Raymond Dart o ile a hlaola fossil ya mathomo ya hominin yeo e utolotšwego ka Afrika, Ngwana wa Taung (yo a hweditšwego kgauswi le Taung) ka 1924. Mašaledi a mangwe a hominin a tšwa mafelong a Makapansgat ka Profenseng ya Limpopo; Cornelia le Florisbad ka Profenseng ya Free State; Legaga la Mollwane ka Profenseng ya KwaZulu-Natal; Magaga a Noka ya Klasies ka Profenseng ya Kapa Bohlabela; le Pinnacle Point, Elandsfontein le Legaga la Die Kelders ka Profenseng ya Kapa Bodikela. Dikutollo tše di šišinya gore mehuta ya go fapafapana ya dihominid e be e le gona ka Afrika Borwa go tloga mengwageng ye e ka bago dimilione tše tharo ya go feta, go thoma ka Australopithecus africanus, gomme ya latelwa ke Australopithecus sediba, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, Homo rhodesiensis, Homo helmei, Homo naledi le batho ba sebjalebjale (Homo). sapiens). Batho ba mehleng yeno ba dutše Borwa bja Afrika bonyenyane ka nywaga e 170 000. Banyakišiši ba go fapafapana ba hweditše didirišwa tša maswika ka gare ga moedi wa Noka ya Vaal. === Katološo ya Bantu === Madulo a batho bao ba bolelago se-Bantu, bao e bego e le balemi le badiši bao ba dirišago tšhipi, a be a le gona ka borwa bja Noka ya Limpopo (yeo ga bjale e lego mollwane wa ka leboa le Botswana le Zimbabwe) ka ngwagakgolo wa bo-4 goba wa bo-5 C.E. Ba ile ba huduša, ba thopa, le go monya batho ba mathomo ba Khoisan, Khoikhoi le San. Bantu ba ile ba hudugela borwa ka go nanya. Ditiro tša pele tša tšhipi ka Profenseng ya sebjalebjale ya KwaZulu-Natal go dumelwa gore di thomile go tloga ka nako ya go lekana 1050. Sehlopha sa ka borwa e be e le batho ba ma-Xhosa, bao polelo ya bona e akaretšago dika tše itšego tša polelo go tšwa go batho ba pele ba ma-Khoisan. MaXhosa a fihlile Nokeng e Kgolo ya Hlapi, ka Profenseng ya lehono ya Kapa Bohlabela. Ge ba dutše ba huduga, baagi ba ba bagolo ba Mehla ya Tšhipi ba ile ba huduša goba ba amogela batho ba peleng. Profenseng ya Mpumalanga, didiko tše mmalwa tša maswika di hweditšwe gotee le thulaganyo ya maswika yeo e reeletšwego ka Tšhupamabaka ya Adama, gomme go naganwa gore marope a hlotšwe ke Bakone, setšhaba sa Sesotho sa Leboa. === Go nyakišiša ga Mapotokisi === Ka 1487, monyakišiši wa Mopotokisi Bartolomeu Dias o ile a etelela pele leeto la mathomo la Yuropa la go ya kotama ka borwa bja Afrika. Ka la 4 December, o ile a kotama Walfisch Bay (yeo ga bjale e tsebjago e le Walvis Bay kua Namibia ya mehleng yeno). Se e be e le ka borwa bja ntlha ya kgole kudu yeo e fihleletšwego ka 1485 ke yo a tlilego pele ga gagwe, e lego mosesiši wa Mopotokisi Diogo Cão (Sefapano sa Kapa, ka leboa la koung). Dias e ile ya tšwela pele go theoga lebopong la ka bodikela la borwa bja Afrika. Ka morago ga la 8 Pherekgong 1488, a thibelwa ke madimo go tšwela pele go bapa le lebopo, o ile a sesa ka ntle ga pono ya naga gomme a feta ntlha ya borwa bja Afrika ntle le go e bona. O fihlile go fihla kgole godimo ga lebopong la ka bohlabela bja Afrika bjalo ka, seo a se bitšago, Rio do Infante, mohlomongwe Noka ya bjale ya Groot, ka Motsheganong 1488. Ge a boa o bone kapa, yeo a e reetšego leina la Cabo das Tormentas (‘Kapa ya Madimo'). Kgoši John II o ile a reela ntlha yeo leina le lefsa la Cabo da Boa Esperança, goba Kapa ya Kholofelo e Botse, ka ge e ile ya lebiša mahumong a East Indies. Feat ya Dias ya go sepela ka sekepe e ile ya dirwa gore e se hwe seretong sa Luís de Camões sa 1572 sa epiki sa Os Lusíadas. === Go dirwa ga Madache koloni === Mathomong a lekgolo la bo-17 la nywaga, matla a Portugal a tša lewatle a be a thoma go fokotšega, gomme barekiši ba Maisemane le ba ma-Dutch ba ile ba phadišana ka go raka Portugal go tšwa go taolo ya yona e nago le poelo e ntši ya kgwebo ya dinoko. Baemedi ba Khamphani ya Brithania ya India Bohlabela ka dinako tše dingwe ba be ba etela kapeng go nyaka ditokišetšo go tloga ka 1601 eupša ka morago ba ile ba rata Sehlakahlakeng sa Ascension le Saint Helena bjalo ka maemakepe a mangwe a botšhabelo.[46] Kgahlego ya ma-Dutch e ile ya tsošwa ka morago ga 1647 ge bašomi ba babedi ba Khamphani ya Dutch East India ba be ba thubegile ka sekepe kua kapa ka dikgwedi tše mmalwa. Basesiši ba ile ba kgona go phela ka go hwetša meetse a hlwekilego le nama go tšwa go badudi ba setlogo.[46] Le gona ba ile ba bjala merogo mobung o nonnego.[47] Ge ba boela Holland, ba begile gabotse ka bokgoni bja kapa bjalo ka "lefelo la polokelo le serapa" bakeng sa dipeakanyetšo tša go boloka dikepe tše di fetago bakeng sa maeto a matelele. Ka 1652, ngwagakgolo le seripa ka morago ga go utollwa ga tsela ya lewatle la kapa, Jan van Riebeeck o hlomile seteišene sa go rekiša dijo ka Kapa ya Kholofelo ye Botse, mo go seo se bego se tla fetoga Motse Kapa, legatong la Khamphani ya Dutch East India. Ge nako e dutše e eya, kapa e ile ya ba legae la baagi ba bantši ba vrijlieden, bao gape ba tsebjago bjalo ka vrijburgers (lit. ‘baagi ba lokologilego’), bašomi ba peleng ba khamphani bao ba ilego ba dula mafelong a Dutch ka mošola wa mawatle ka morago ga go hlankela dikonteraka tša bona. Bagwebi ba ma-Dutch le bona ba ile ba tliša batho ba dikete bao ba dirilwego makgoba koloning yeo e bego e sa tšwa go tšwa Indonesia, Madagascar le dikarolong tša ka bohlabela bja Afrika. Tše dingwe tša ditšhaba tša mathomo tša merafe ye e tswakilwego nageng di hlomilwe magareng ga di-vrijburger, batho bao ba dirilwego makgoba le batho ba setlogo.[51] Se se ile sa lebiša go tlhabollo ya morafe wo mofsa, e lego Cape Coloureds, bao bontši bja bona ba ilego ba amogela polelo ya Sedatch le tumelo ya Bokriste. Katološo ya bohlabela ya bakoloniale ba Dutch e ile ya tliša lelokelelo la dintwa le morafe wa ma-Xhosa wo o hudugago ka borwa-bodikela, wo o tsebjago bjalo ka Dintwa tša Xhosa, ka ge mahlakore ka bobedi a be a phadišana ka naga ya mafulo kgauswi le Noka ye Kgolo ya Dihlapi, yeo bakoloniale ba bego ba e kganyoga bakeng sa go fula dikgomo. Ma-Vrijburger ao e bilego balemirui ba ikemetšego mollwaneng ba be ba tsebja bjalo ka maburu, ka ba bangwe bao ba amogelago mekgwa ya bophelo ya seka-nomadic ba be ba swantšhwa bjalo ka ba trekboers. Maburu a ile a hloma mašole a lokologilego, ao ba ilego a a bitša di-commando, gomme a dira dikgwerano le batho ba Khoisan go raka ditlhaselo tša ma-Xhosa. Mahlakore ka bobedi a ile a thoma ditlhaselo tše di tšholotšego madi eupša di sa phethagale, gomme bošoro bja ka dinako tše dingwe, bjo gantši bo sepedišanago le bohodu bja diruiwa, bo ile bja dula bo tlwaelegile ka nywaga-some e mmalwa. === Koloni ya Brithani le Trek e Kgolo === Brithani e ile ya thopa Cape Town magareng ga 1795 le 1803 go e thibela go wela ka fase ga taolo ya Repabliki ya Pele ya Fora, yeo e bego e hlasetše Dinaga tša Tlase. Ka morago ga go boela ka nako ye kopana pušong ya Maduche ka fase ga Repabliki ya Batavia ka 1803, kapa e ile ya dulwa gape ke Mabrithania ka 1806.[53] Ka morago ga go fela ga Dintwa tša Napoleon, e ile ya gafelwa semmušo go Great Britain gomme ya ba karolo ya bohlokwa ya Mmušo wa Brithania.[54] Go hudugela ga Brithani Afrika Borwa go thomile go dikologa 1818, ka morago ga moo go fihla seremong ka go fihla ga Badudi ba 1820.[54] Bakoloniale ba bafsa ba ile ba hlohleletšwa go dula ka mabaka a go fapafapana, e lego go oketša bogolo bja bašomi ba Yuropa le go tiiša dilete tša mollwane kgahlanong le ditlhaselo tša ma-Xhosa. Nywagasomeng ye mebedi ya mathomo ya ngwagakgolo wa bo-19, batho ba Masulu ba ile ba gola ka maatla gomme ba katološa naga ya bona ka fase ga moetapele wa bona, Shaka. Ntwa ya Shaka ka tsela ye e sa lebanyego e ile ya lebiša go Mfekane (‘go pšhatlaganya’), yeo go yona go bolailwego batho ba milione o tee go ya go tše pedi gomme selete sa ka gare ga naga sa senywa le go se be le badudi mathomong a bo-1820. Lekala la Masulu, batho ba Matabele ba hlotše mmušo wo mogolo wo o bego o akaretša dikarolo tše kgolo tša highveld ka fase ga kgoši ya bona Msilikasi. Mathomong a ngwagakgolo wa bo-19, badudi ba bantši ba ma-Dutch ba ile ba tloga Koloni ya Kapa, moo ba bego ba le ka fase ga taolo ya Brithani, ka lelokelelong la dihlopha tša bafaladi bao ba ilego ba tsebja bjalo ka Voortrekkers, yeo e rago gore "bahlami ba tsela" goba "babulamadibogo". Ba ile ba hudugela dileteng tša nakong e tlago tša Natal, Free State le Transvaal. Maburu a hlomile direpabliki tša Maburu: Repabliki ya Afrika Borwa, Repabliki ya Natalia, le Orange Free State. Go utollwa ga ditaamane ka 1867 le gauta ka 1884 ka gare ga naga go thomile Phetogelo ya Diminerale gomme gwa oketša kgolo ya ekonomi le bofaladi. Se se ile sa gakatša go buša ga Brithania ga batho ba setlogo. Ntwa ya go laola methopo ye ya bohlokwa ya ekonomi e be e le selo seo se hlotšego dikamano magareng ga ma-Yuropa le baagi ba setlogo le gape magareng ga Maburu le Mabrithania. Ka la 16 Motsheganong 1876, Mopresidente Thomas François Burgers wa Repabliki ya Afrika Borwa o ile a tsebagatša ntwa kgahlanong le batho ba Pedi. Kgoši Sekhukhune o kgonne go fenya madira ka la 1 Phato 1876. Tlhaselo ye nngwe ya Lydenburg Volunteer Corps le yona e ile ya bušetšwa morago. Ka la 16 Hlakola 1877, mekgatlo ye mebedi e ile ya saena kwano ya khutšo kua Botshabelo.[59] Go se kgone ga maburu go kokobetša ma-Pedi go ile gwa lebiša go tlogeng ga Burgers go thekga Paul Kruger le go thopa ga Brithani ga Repabliki ya Afrika Borwa. Ka 1878 le 1879 ditlhaselo tše tharo tša Brithania di ile tša rakwa ka katlego go fihlela Garnet Wolseley a fenya Sekhukhune ka Ngwatobošego 1879 ka madira a mašole a Brithani a 2,000, Maburu le maSwati a 10,000. Ntwa ya Anglo-Zulu e lwetšwe ka 1879 magareng ga Mabrithania le Mmušo wa Mazulu. Ka morago ga go tsebagatšwa ga Lord Carnarvon ka katlego ga kopano ka Canada, go be go naganwa gore maitapišo a dipolotiki a go swana, gotee le masolo a sešole, a ka atlega ka mebušo ya Afrika, mafelo a merafe le direpabliki tša Maburu ka Afrika Borwa. Ka 1874, Henry Bartle Frere o ile a romelwa Afrika Borwa bjalo ka Mokhomišenare yo Mogolo wa Brithani go tliša maano a bjalo. Gare ga mapheko e be e le go ba gona ga dinaga tše di ikemetšego tša Maburu, le madira a Mazululand. Setšhaba sa Mazulu se ile sa fenya Makgowa ntweng ya Isandlwana. Mafelelong, Bosulu ile ya lahlegelwa ke ntwa, ya feleletša ka go fedišwa ga tokologo ya setšhaba sa Masulu. === Dintwa tša Maburu === Direpabliki tša Maburu di ile tša ganetša ka katlego go tsena ga Brithania nakong ya Ntwa ya Pele ya Maburu (1880–1881) ka go šomiša maano a ntwa ya makgoba, ao a bego a loketše maemo a selegae. Mabrithania a ile a boa ka dipalo tše kgolo, maitemogelo a mantši, le leano le lefsa ka Ntweng ya Bobedi ya Maburu (1899–1902) gomme, le ge e le gore ba ile ba hwetša mahu a magolo ka go attrition, mafelelong ba ile ba atlega. Basadi le bana ba maburu ba fetago 27 000 ba hwile dikampeng tša tshwenyo tša Brithani. Baagi ba ditoropong tša Afrika Borwa ba ile ba gola ka lebelo go tloga mafelelong a ngwagakgolo wa bo-19 go ya pele. Ka morago ga tshenyo ya dintwa, balemirui ba ma-Ber ba ditlogolo tša ma-Duche ba ile ba tšhabela metseng go tšwa mafelong ao a sentšwego a Transvaal le Orange Free State go ba sehlopha sa badiidi ba bašweu ba ditoropong. === Boikemo === Melawana ya kgahlanong le Brithania gare ga maAfrika Borwa a bašweu e be e lebeletše kudu tokologo. Nakong ya mengwaga ya bokoloniale ya Dutch le Brithania, karoganyo ya semorafe e be e se ya semmušo kudu, le ge e le gore molao wo mongwe o ile wa dirwa molao go laola bodulo le go sepela ga batho ba setlogo, go akaretšwa Molao wa Lefelo la Setlogo wa 1879 le tshepedišo ya go fetiša melao. Mengwaga ye seswai ka morago ga go fela ga Ntwa ya Boer ya Maburu le ka morago ga mengwaga ye mene ya ditherišano, Molao wa Afrika Borwa wa 1909 o ile wa fa tokologo ya leina mola o hloma Kopano ya Afrika Borwa ka la 31 Motsheganong 1910. Kopano e be e le mmušo wo o bego o akaretša mafelo a peleng a Kapa , dikoloni tša Transvaal le Natal, gammogo le repabliki ya Orange Free State. Molao wa Naga ya Badudi ba Setlogo wa 1913 o ile wa thibela kudu go ba ga naga ke bathobaso; mo nakong yeo ba be ba laola fela 7% ya naga. Palo ya naga yeo e bego e boloketšwe batho ba setlogo ka morago e ile ya oketšega ganyenyane. Ka 1931, kopano e ile ya ba mmuši ka botlalo go tšwa United Kingdom ka go fetišwa ga Molao wa Westminster, wo o ilego wa fediša maatla a mafelelo a Palamente ya United Kingdom go dira molao ka naga. Ke dinaga tše dingwe tše tharo feela tša Afrika—Liberia, Ethiopia le Egipita—tšeo di bego di ikemetše pele ga nako yeo. Ka 1934, Mokgatlo wa Afrika Borwa le Mokgatlo wa Setšhaba di ile tša kopana go hloma Mokgatlo wa Kopano, ba nyaka poelano magareng ga ma-Afrikaner le bašweu bao ba bolelago Seisemane. Ka 1939, mokgatlo o ile wa arogana ka lebaka la go tsena ga kopano Ntweng ya II ya Lefase bjalo ka modirišani wa United Kingdom, kgato yeo balatedi ba Mokgatlo wa Setšhaba ba ilego ba e ganetša ka maatla. === Mehla ya Kgethollo === Ka 1948, Mokgatlo wa Setšhaba o ile wa kgethwa go ba mmušong. E ile ya matlafatša karoganyo ya morafo yeo e thomilwego ka tlase ga pušo ya bokoloniale ya ma-Dutch le ya Brithania. Ka go tšea Molao wa Canada wa Maindia bjalo ka tlhako, mmušo wa botšhaba o ile wa arola batho ka moka ka merafe ye meraro (Bašweu, Bathobaso, MaIndia le Batho ba Mebala (batho ba morafe wo o hlakantšwego)) gomme wa hlama ditokelo le mellwane go ye nngwe le ye nngwe. Bonnyane bja bašweu (ka fase ga 20%) bo be bo laola bontši bjo bogolo kudu bja bathobaso. Karoganyo yeo e bego e hlomilwe ka molao e ile ya tsebja e le kgethologanyo. Le ge bašweu ba be ba thabela maemo a godimodimo a bophelo Afrika ka moka, ao a bapetšwago le ditšhaba tša Bodikela bja Lefase la Pele, bontši bja bathobaso bo ile bja dula bo hloka mo e nyakilego go ba tekanyetšo e nngwe le e nngwe, go akaretša le letseno, thuto, dintlo le kholofelo ya bophelo. Tšhata ya Tokologo, yeo e amogetšwego ka 1955 ke Congress Alliance, e be e nyaka setšhaba seo se sego sa morafo le go fedišwa ga kgethollo. Ka la 31 Motsheganong 1961, naga e ile ya ba repabliki ka morago ga referendum (yeo e buletšwego fela bakgethi ba bašweu) yeo e ilego ya feta ka tsela ye tshesane; profense ya Natal yeo e laolwago ke Brithania kudu e boutetše kgahlanong le tšhišinyo yeo. Elizabeth II o ile a lahlegelwa ke sereto sa Kgošigadi ya Afrika Borwa, gomme Mmušiši-Pharephare wa mafelelo, Charles Robberts Swart, o ile a ba mopresidente wa mmušo. Bjalo ka tumelelo go tshepedišo ya Westminster, go kgethwa ga mopresidente go ile gwa dula e le go thwala ke palamente gomme go be go nyakile go se na maatla go fihla Molaong wa Molaotheo wa P. W. Botha wa 1983, wo o ilego wa fediša ofisi ya tona-kgolo gomme wa hloma "bopresidente bjo bo tiilego" bjo bo kgethegilego bjo bo ikarabelago ka palamente. Ka ge a gateletšwe ke dinaga tše dingwe tša Commonwealth of Nations, Afrika Borwa e ile ya ikgogela morago mokgatlong ka 1961 gomme ya o tsenela gape ka 1994. Go sa šetšwe kganetšo ya kgethologanyo bobedi ka gare le ka ntle ga naga, mmušo o ile wa dira molao wa tšwelopele ya kgethologanyo. Mašole a tšhireletšo a ile a gatelela dikganetšo tša ka gare, gomme dikgaruru di ile tša ata, ka mekgatlo ya go lwantšha kgethollo ya go swana le African National Congress (ANC), Mokgatlo wa Batho wa Azanian, le Pan-Africanist Congress e phethagatša ntwa ya makgoba le go senya ditoropong. Mekgatlo ye meraro ya kganetšo ya phenkgišano le yona e ile ya tsenela dithulano tša ka dinako tše dingwe tša magareng ga dihlopha ge e be e jockeyed bakeng sa khuetšo ya ka gae. Kgethollo e ile ya thoma go tsoša ngangišano kudu, gomme dinaga tše mmalwa di ile tša thoma go boycott kgwebo le mmušo wa Afrika Borwa ka lebaka la melawana ya wona ya semorafe. Magato a ka morago a ile a katološetšwa go dikiletšo tša boditšhabatšhaba le go tlošwa ga ditšhelete tšeo di swerego ke babeeletši ba dinaga dišele. === Ka morago ga kgethologanyo === Kgoeletšo ya Tumelo ya Mahlabatini, yeo e saennwego ke Mangosuthu Buthelezi le Harry Schwarz ka 1974, e beile melawana ya phetošo ya khutšo ya maatla le tekatekano go bohle, e lego ya mathomo ya ditumellano tše bjalo ke baetapele ba dipolotiki ba bathobaso le bašweu ka Afrika Borwa. Mafelelong, F.W. de Klerk o ile a bula dipoledišano tša mahlakore a mabedi le Nelson Mandela ka 1993 bakeng sa phetogo ya melawana le mmušo. Ka 1990, mmušo wa Mokgatlo wa Bosetšhaba o tšere kgato ya mathomo ya go fediša kgethollo ge o tloša thibelo ya ANC le mekgatlo ye mengwe ya dipolotiki. E lokollotše Nelson Mandela kgolegong morago ga mengwaga ye 27 a fetša kahlolo ya go senya. Tshepetšo ya ditherišano e ile ya latela. Ka tumelelo go tšwa go bakgethi ba bašweu ka referendume ya 1992, mmušo o ile wa tšwetša pele ditherišano tša go fediša kgethologanyo. Afrika Borwa e swere dikgetho tša yona tša mathomo tša lefase ka bophara ka 1994, tšeo ANC e di thopilego ka bontši bjo bogolo. E bile mmušong ga e sa le go tloga ka nako yeo. Naga e ile ya boela ya kopanela le Commonwealth of Nations gomme ya ba leloko la Setšhaba sa Tlhabollo ya Borwa bja Afrika. Afrika Borwa ya ka morago ga kgethologanyo, tlhokego ya mešomo e ile ya dula e le godimo. Le ge bathobaso ba bantši ba hlatlogetše maemong a magareng goba a godimo, tekanyo ya kakaretšo ya tlhokego ya mešomo ya bathobaso e ile ya mpefala magareng ga 1994 le 2003 ka dimetriki tša semmušo eupša ya fokotšega kudu ka go šomiša ditlhalošo tše di katološitšwego. Bodiidi gare ga bašweu, bjoo pele bo bego bo le ka sewelo, bo ile bja oketšega. Mmušo o ile wa katana le go fihlelela kgalemo ya ditšhelete le ya ditšhelete go netefatša bobedi kaboleswa ya lehumo le kgolo ya ekonomi. Tšhupetšo ya Tlhabollo ya Batho ya Ditšhabakopano e ile ya hlatloga ka go se kgaotše go fihla bogareng bja bo-1990[80] ke moka ya wa go tloga ka 1995 go fihla ka 2005 pele e bušetša tlhora ya yona ya 1995 ka 2013. Go wa ga karolo ye kgolo go bakwa ke leuba la HIV/AIDS la Afrika Borwa leo le bonego tebelelo ya bophelo bja Afrika Borwa e theoga go tloga ntlheng ya godimo ya mengwaga ye 62 ka 1992 go ya fase ya mengwaga ye 53 ka 2005, le go palelwa ga mmušo go tšea magato a go rarolla leuba le nywageng ya lona ya mathomo. Ka May 2008, meferefere e ile ya tlogela batho ba fetago 60 ba hwile. Center on Housing Rights and Evictions e akanyeditše gore batho ba fetago 100 000 ba ile ba rakwa magaeng a bona.[85] Diphetho e be e le kudu bafaladi ba molao le bao ba sego molaong, le bafaladi bao ba nyakago botšhabelo, eupša tee-tharong ya batšwasehlabelo e be e le badudi ba Afrika Borwa. Dinyakišišo tša 2006, Protšeke ya Bofaladi ya Afrika Borwa e phethile ka gore maAfrika Borwa a ganetša bofaladi go feta sehlopha sefe goba sefe sa setšhaba.[86] Mokhomišenare yo Mogolo wa Bafaladi wa UN ka 2008 o begile gore bafaladi ba go feta 200,000 ba dirile dikgopelo tša botšhabelo Afrika Borwa, mo e nyakilego go ba makga a mane go feta ngwaga wa pele ga moo. Batho ba ba be ba etšwa kudu Zimbabwe, le ge e le gore ba bantši gape ba tšwa Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia le Somalia. Phadišano ka ga mešomo, dibaka tša kgwebo, ditirelo tša setšhaba le dintlo e lebišitše go kgatelelo magareng ga bafaladi le ditšhaba tšeo di amogelago bafaladi. Le ge lehloyo la bašele ka Afrika Borwa e sa le bothata, Mokhomišenare yo Mogolo wa Bafaladi wa Ditšhabakopano ka 2011 o begile gore dikgaruru tša morago bjale ga se tša ata go swana le ge go be go boifišwa mathomong. Le ge go le bjalo, ge Afrika Borwa e tšwela pele go katana le merero ya semorafe, ye nngwe ya ditharollo tše di šišintšwego e bile go fetiša molao, go swana le Molaokakanywa wa Bosenyi bja Lehloyo le Polelo ya Lehloyo wo o sa emetšego, go thekga thibelo ya Afrika Borwa ya kgethollo ya semorafe le boikgafo bja tekatekano. Ka 2020, ditemošo tše ntši di ntšhitšwe gore Afrika Borwa e lebile maemong a mmušo ao a paletšwego ka tšhomišo ya tšhelete ya mmušo ye e sa swarelelego, tlhokego ya mešomo ye e phagamego, ditekanyo tše di phagamego tša bosenyi, bomenetša, dikgwebo tšeo di palelwago tša mmušo le mananeokgoparara ao a phuhlamago. Ka 2022, Foramo ya Ekonomi ya Lefase e boletše gore Afrika Borwa e kotsing ya go phuhlama ga mmušo gomme e lemogile dikotsi tše hlano tše kgolo tšeo naga e lebanego le yona. Molaodipharephare wa Matlotlo a Afrika Borwa, Dondo Mogajane, o boletše gore, "SA e bontšha maswao a mmušo wo o palelwago wo o tlwaelegilego kudu dinageng tša go swana le Sierra Leone le Liberia".[97] Tona ya peleng Jay Naidoo o boletše gore Afrika Borwa e mathateng a magolo gomme e bontšha maswao a mmušo wo o paletšwego, ka maemo a rekoto a tlhokego ya mešomo le taba ya gore bafsa ba bantši ba ka se hwetše mošomo bophelong bja bona. Setsebi se segolo sa tša boiphedišo sa Sehlopha se se šomago gabotse Dawie Roodt o boletše gore naga e mathateng a magolo, "MaAfrika Borwa a na le mengwaga ye lesome a diila". O boletše gore o tshwenyegile kudu ka gobane "batho ba dimilione tše 32 ba hwetša letseno go tšwa mmušong. Mmušo ga o sa kgona go lefelela se". Neal Froneman, CEO ya Sibanye-Stillwater, o boletše gore bosenyi bo ka ntle ga taolo, ka ‘go šišinywa ga mokgwa wa mafia’ bakeng sa dikonteraka tša theko e fetoga mokgwa. "Boetapele bja mmušo bo hlotše bothata bjo gomme ga ba dire selo. Mmušo o ka se kgone go šomana le bjona ka gobane bo thulana le dikgopolo tša bona." Moprofesara Eddy Maloka, go tšwa go Institute of Risk Management, "ANC e re tlogetše ka gare a tlhakatlhakano. Mmušo ga o sa kgona go lefelela se". Neal Froneman, CEO ya Sibanye-Stillwater, o boletše gore bosenyi bo tšwile taolong, ka 'go šišinywa ga mokgwa wa mafia' bakeng sa dikonteraka tša theko e fetoga mokgwa. "Boetapele bja mmušo bo hlotše bothata bjo gomme ga ba dire selo. Mmušo o ka se kgone go šomana le yona ka gobane e thulana le dikgopolo tša bona." Moprofesara Eddy Maloka, go tšwa go Institute of Risk Management, "ANC e re tlogetše ka gare ga tlhakatlhakano. Ba fetotše mathata a bona go ba a rena... Mmušo o phuhlame mafelong go ralala le naga. Re bona metse ya ka gare e phuhlama le go senyega". Moprofesara David Himbara o boletše gore "Afrika Borwa ke taba ya kgale ya mmušo wa mokgatlo o tee wa nnete wo o nago le dihlongwa tšeo di sa laolegego gabotse le bosenyi le bomenetša bjo bo lego gona". Ka Motsheganong 2023 , Modulasetulophethiši wa Sygnia, Magda Wierzycka, o boletše gore "ditemošo tša gore Afrika Borwa e fetoge mmušo wo o paletšwego ke nnete yeo e šaletšego morago – re šetše re le gona". == Dipolelo == Afrika Borwa e na le [[Maleme a Afrika Borwa|maleme a lesometee]] a semmušo e lego [[Sezulu]], [[Sethosa]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Sepedi]], [[Setswana]], [[Seisimane]], [[Sesotho]], [[Setsonga]], [[Seswati]], [[Sevenda]] le [[Sendebele]]. Afrika Borwa e na le dipolelo tša go swana le Fanakalo, Selobedu, Setebele sa Leboa le SeSan tšeo di bolelwago efela e se dipolelo tša semmušo. Polelo ya go swana le Selobedu le Setlokwa ke dipolelosemmotwana tšeo di welago ka fase ga leleme la Sesotho sa Leboa (Sepedi). == Diprofense == [[Seswantšho:Provinces_of_South_Africa-nso.svg|thumb|Diprofense tša Afrika Borwa]] Go tloga ka 1994 ge kgethollo e fela, diprofense tša Afrika Borwa ke tše senyane, e lego: * [[Free State]] ([[Sesotho]]: Freistata) * [[Gauteng]] * [[Kapa Bodikela]] * [[Kapa Bohlabela]] * [[Kapa Leboa]] * [[KwaZulu Natala]] * [[Leboa Bodikela]] ([[Setswana]]: Bokone Bophirima, [[Seisimane]]: North-West) * [[Limpopo]] * [[Mpumalanga]] == Bodumedi == Go ya ka dipalopalo tša setšhaba tša ngwaga wa 2001, 79.7% ya badudi ba Afrika Borwa ke bakriste. == Badudi == Afrika Borwa e na le badudi bao e ka bago dimilione tše 47. Go lekanetšwa gore 79.5% ya badudi ke [[Bathobaso]], 9.2% ke [[Makgowa]], mola 8.9 e le [[Bammala]], 2.5% ke [[maIndia]]. == Bokamoso == Bokamoso bja rena: dira gore bo šome. Afrika Borwa ke ya batho ba yona ka moka. Rena batho, re tswalane. Re phela bjalo ka molalatladi. Magae a rena, boagišani, metse, ditoropo, le ditoropokgolo di bolokegile gomme di na le lešata le legolo. Ka dihlongwa tša rena, re laola maphelo a rena. Difahlego tša bana ba rena di bolela ka ga bokamoso bjo re bo hlamilego. == Ditšhupetšo == {{reflist}} == Links == * http://www.npconline.co.za/MediaLib/Downloads/Home/Tabs/NDP%202030%20Overview%20-%20Sepedi.pdf * https://web.archive.org/web/20130811010552/http://www.npconline.co.za/MediaLib/Downloads/Home/Publications/Sepedi.pdf {{Afrika Borwa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afrika Borwa}} [[Setensele:Afrika Borwa| ]] [[Setensele:Dinaga tša Afrika]] ljubwczzerh4r9ydmbexmg2gb77y7gp 0 12125 54958 49888 2026-05-27T01:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne Mokgoro''' (born 19 October 1950) ke toka ea pele ya [[:en:Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa|Constitutional Court]] ya( Afrika Borwa) [[Afrika Borwa|South Africa]]. Ke mogatša [[Job Mokgoro]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/justiceyvonnemokgoro/index1.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2006-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060114010846/http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/justiceyvonnemokgoro/index1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mošomo == Mokgoro o kgethilwe gore e be mogolo ka 1994 ke [[Nelson Mandela]]. Mokgoro Ike le loka laCentre for Human Rights ko [[:en:University_of_Pretoria|University of Pretoria]] bjale ke Modula-setulo wa [[South African Law Reform Commission]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111001211454/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/index.php/board.html Centre for Human Rights Board Members Retrieved June 25, 2011</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://salawreform.justice.gov.za/members.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2013-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125062244/http://salawreform.justice.gov.za/members.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> O e thutile ko [[:en:North-West_University|North-West University]] mo alogile ka dikiri yaB.luris ka ngwaga wa 1982, le dikiri ya LLB degree ka 1984, le LLM ka 1987. O kethutile gape kua [[:en:University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_School|University of Pennsylvania Law School]] Amerika, mo alogile le dikiri ya LLM. == Ditiragalo the dingwe == * [[:en:Open_Society_Foundations|Open Society Justice Initiative]], bjale ka leloka la lekgotla<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181023235836/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/about/boards/open-society-justice-initiative Board of the Open Society Justice Initiative] [[Open Society Foundations]].</ref> == Ponagalo == Go difoka tše dintši ana letšona o ile wa amogetšwa sefoka sa Human Rights ka lekgoro la Black Lawyers Association, (1995) le Oude Molen Reserve Order of Merit (1995/1996), the Legal Profession's le Sedona sa Woman Achiever Award ka lekgora la Human Rights, la [[University of Pretoria]] (2001), yunibesithi ya North School of Law Excellence Award (2003), le sefoka sa Kate Stoneman Democracy (2003), sefoka sa Tshwane Outstanding Service Award (TOSA) ka ngwaga wa 2006 le sefoka sa James Wilson Award ka yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania Law School (2008). == Ditšhupetšoa == <references /> evzrtil5drqs86my5zg2skixu0rl8n6 0 12517 54957 52811 2026-05-27T00:13:43Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 54957 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Brenda Fassie''' |- | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" | '''Lintlha tse ka morao''' |- |'''Lebitso la tsoalo''' |Brenda Nokuzola Fassie |- |'''O itsege bjalo ka''' |MaBrrr |- |'''Tlhahile''' |3 November 1964 Langa, South Africa |- |'''shoele''' |9 May 2004 (aged 39) Johannesburg, South Africa |- |'''mefuta''' |Afropop |- |'''Occupation(s)''' |·         Singer-songwriter ·         dancer ·         activist |- |lilemo tse mafolofolo |1981–2004 |- |mabitso |CCP Records |} Brenda Nokuzola Fassie (3 Dibatsela 1964 - 9 Mopitlo 2004) e be e le seopedi, mongwala-dikoša, sebini le mohlapetši wa go tšwa go la Afrika Borwa. Balateledi ba gagwe ba be bare ge ba mo reteletša bare ke '''MaBrrr''' goba ba mmitše '''"Queen of African Pop" (Kgošigadi ya mmino wa ''pop'' wa Afrika'''), '''"Madonna of the Townships" (Madonna wa makeišeneng)''' goba ba no mmitša ga bonolo bare ke '''"The Black Madonna" (Madonna wa Mothomoso).''' Mathaithai a gagwe ge a be a le sefaleng a dirile gore a tsebjwe bjalo ka motho wa go rata lešutu. Sa go segiša, leina la gagwe, Nokuzola, le ra gore "khutšo", "setu" goba "boiketlo". == Bo pelo bja Brenda fassie == Brenda Nokuzola Fassie o belegwe kua [[:en:Langa,_Cape_Town|Langa, Cape Town]] ka la 3 Nofemere 1964 bjalo ka yo monnyane go bana ba senyane. O reeletšwe ka seopedi sa Amerika Brenda Lee.<ref name="bbc1" /> Tatagwe o hlokofetše ge a be a na le mengwaga ye mebedi, gomme ka thušo ya mmagwe, yo e bego e le sebapadi sa piano, o ile a thoma go hwetša tšhelete ka go opela bakeng sa baeti. Ge a be a na le mengwaga ye 16 ka 1981, o ile a etelwa ke Koloi Lebona.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Declan |date=10 October 2011 |title=Brenda Fassie: Brash and brilliant queen of African pop |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/brenda-fassie-549906.html |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ka baka leo, o ile a tloga Cape Town go ya Soweto, [[Johannesburg]], go nyaka lehumo la gagwe bjalo ka seopedi. Fassie o thomile ka go tsenela sehlopha sa go opela sa Joy (go tlatša yo mongwe wa maloko ao a bego a le maikhutšong a go belega) gomme ka morago a ba seopedi sa pele sa sehlopha sa mmino sa toropo seo se bitšwago Brenda and the Big Dudes.<ref>[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/brenda-nokuzola-fassie "Brenda Nokuzola Fassie"], South African History Online.</ref> O be a na le morwa, Bongani, ka 1985 ka seopedi sa Big Dudes. O nyetše Nhlanhla Mbambo ka 1989 eupša ba hlalana ka 1991. Mo e ka bago ka nako ye o ile a lemalela cocaine gomme mošomo wa gagwe o ile wa senyega.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lategan |first=Annel |date=18 May 2004 |title=The life of Brenda Fassie |url=http://www.women24.com/Wellness/WomensHealth/The-life-of-Brenda-Fassie-20040518 |access-date=9 May 2014 |website=[[News24 (website)|Women24]] |archive-date=12 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512220359/http://www.women24.com/Wellness/WomensHealth/The-life-of-Brenda-Fassie-20040518 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGregor |first=Liz |date=11 May 2004 |title=Obituary: Brenda Fassie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/may/11/guardianobituaries.southafrica |access-date=9 May 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ka dipono tše di sa fetogego le go etela gantši ditoropong tše di diilago tša Johannesburg, gammogo le dikopelo tša mabapi le bophelo ka ditoropong, o be a thabela botumo bjo bogolo. Gape o dirišitše mmino wa gagwe go ganetša mmušo wa kgethologanyo ka Afrika Borwa. Ka 1989, o ile a lokolla kopelo ya "Black President" bjalo ka tlhompho go [[Nelson Mandela]], mogolegwa wa dipolitiki gomme ka morago a ba mopresidente wa mathomo wa Bathobaso wa Afrika Borwa. O tsebja kudu ka dikoša tša gagwe tša "Weekend Special" le "Too Late for Mama", o ile a bitšwa "The Madonna of the Townships" ke makasine wa Time ka 2001.<ref name="time">Desa Philadelphia, [https://archive.today/20131210130726/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000782,00.html "Brenda Fassie: Africa: The Madonna Of The Townships"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 15 September 2001.</ref> Ka 1995, o ile a hwetšwa hoteleng le setopo sa moratiwa wa gagwe wa mosadi, Poppie Sihlahla, yo a hlokofetšego ka baka la go šomiša dihlare tše dintši.<ref name="bbc1" /> Fassie o ile a tsošološwa gomme a bušetša mošomo wa gagwe tseleng.<ref name="bbc1" /> Le ge go le bjalo, o be a sa na le mathata a diokobatši gomme a boela dikliniking tša go tsošološa diokobatšo ka makga a ka bago a 30 bophelong bja gagwe.<ref name="bbc1" /> Go tloga ka 1996 o ile a lokolla dialebamo tše mmalwa tša gagwe a nnoši, go akaretša Now Is the Time, ''Memeza'' (1997), le ''Nomakanjani?''. Bontši bja dialebamo tša gagwe di ile tša rekišwa ka bontši bja di-platinum ka Afrika Borwa; ''Memeza'' e be e le dialebamo tše di rekwago kudu ka Afrika Borwa ka 1998.<ref name="bbc1" /> Mesong ya 26 April 2004, Fassie o ile a wa ka ntlong ya gagwe kua [[:en:Buccleuch,_Gauteng|Buccleuch, Gauteng]], gomme a amogelwa sepetlele kua [[Sunninghill]]. Boraditaba ba ile ba botšwa gore o be a na le go ema ga pelo, eupša ka morago ba begile gore o be o idibetše ka baka la tlhaselo ya [[:en:Asthma|asthma]]. Pego ya ka morago ga lehu e utolotše gore o be a dirišitše cocaine ka go fetišiša bošegong bja go wa ga gagwe, gomme se e be e le sebaki sa go idibala ga gagwe. O ile a kgaotša go hema gomme a senyega bjoko ka baka la tlhaelelo ya oksitšene. Fassie o ile a etelwa sepetlele ke [[Nelson Mandela]], Winnie Mandela le [[Thabo Mbeki]], gomme boemo bja gagwe e be e le ditaba tša letlakala la ka pele ka dipampiring tša Afrika Borwa. O hlokofetše a na le mengwaga ye 39 ka la 9 Mei 2004 sepetlele ntle le go phafoga gape ka morago ga ge metšhene ya gagwe ya thekgo ya bophelo e tswaletšwe. Go ya ka South African Sunday Times le balaodi ba khamphani ya gagwe ya mmino, pego ya ka morago ga lehu le yona e bontšhitše gore o be a na le HIV. Molaodi wa gagwe, Peter Snyman, o ganne karolo ye ya pego. Lapa la gagwe, go akaretšwa le molekane wa gagwe wa nako e telele, le be le le ka lehlakoreng la gagwe ge a ehwa. Fassie o thopile difoka tše hlano tša [[:en:South_African_Music_Awards|mmino wa Afrika Borwa]]: Moopediši yo a Phagamego wa Basadi le Kopelo ya Ngwaga ka 1999, Tokollo ye e rekwago kudu ya Ngwaga-some le Kopelo ye e Phagamego ya Ngwaga wa Ngwaga-someng ka 2004, le Lifetime Achievement Award ka 2005. Gape o thopile difoka tše tharo tša [[:en:Kora_Awards|Kora Awards:]] Moopediši wa Basadi yo a holofetšago kudu wa Afrika le Moopedi yo a Phagamego wa Basadi wa Afrika ka 1996, le Sefoka se se Kgethegilego sa Baahlodi ka 2001. O ile a kgethwa go ba wa bo-17 go Top 100 Great South Africanans. Morwa wa gagwe Bongani "Bongz" Fassie o ile a opela "I'm So Sorry", e lego kopelo yeo e bego e neetšwe mmagwe, ka modumo wa filimi ya 2005 ya go thopa sefoka sa Academy Award ya ''Tsotsi''. Ka Matšhe 2006 seswantšho sa bronze sa bogolo bja kgonthe sa Fassie ka rabokgabo Angus Taylor se ile sa bewa ka ntle ga Bassline, lefelo la mmino kua Johannesburg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Art |url=http://newtown.co.za/heritage/art |access-date=11 May 2012 |publisher=Newtown Heritage Trail |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517224323/http://newtown.co.za/heritage/art |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bontši bja direkhoto tša Fassie di ntšhitšwe ke CCP Records ya EMI. '''Ka Di-Dudes tše Dikgolo :''' * 1983: ''Mafelo a Phethagatšo a Kgethegilego'' * 1984: Cool Spot (EP) * 1984: ''A re'' Tshame re le gotee * 1985: E Phagamego le e Phagamego * 1985: Touch Somebody (EP) * 1986: ''Ga go'' na Morena * 1987: ''Brenda'' * 1987: ''Ag Shame Lovey'' * 1988: ''Motho Ngumuntu Ngabantu'' * 1989: Go šetše ''go'' le Thari go Mma * 1990: ''Mopresidente wa Bathobaso'' * 1991: ''Ga ke ngwanenyana yo mobe'' * 1992: ''Nna Ngwana'' * 1993: ''Mma'' * 1994: ''Batho ba Bayakhuluma'' * 1995: ''Motho wa Uyashintsha'' * 1996: Gonabjale ke Nako * 1997: ''Paparazzi'' * 1998: ''Memeza'' * 1999: ''Nomakanjani'' * 2000: ''Thola Amadlozi'' * 2001: ''Myekeleni'' * 2002: ''Mina Nawe'': Ngohlala Ngi Nje * 2003: ''Mali'' * 2004: ''Mphe Bolumo e Nnyane'' * 2004: Dipina tše Dikgolo: Kgošigadi ya Mopapa wa Afrika (1964-2004) O kgathile tema go album ya Mandoza ya Tornado (2002), album ya Miriam Makeba ya ''Sangoma'' (1988), le album ya Harry Belafonte ya go lwantšha kgethologanyo ''Paradise'' in Gazankulu (1988). O opetše dialempeng tše pedi tša modumo wa ''Yizo Yizo'' (ka bobedi di lokolotšwe ka 2004). == Bona gape == South African portal <ref>https://></references> * ''Afropop! Tlhahlo ya Seswantšho ya Mmino wa Afrika wa Mehleng Yeno'' ka Sean Barlow & Banning Eyre. (Dithekišo tša Dipuku August 1995) ISBN , 978-0-7858 0443-7 == Dikgokagano tša ka ntle == * Brenda Fassie discography at Discogs [[Setensele:Xhosa people]] [[Setensele:Bisexual women]] [[Setensele:Sebini sa Kwaito]] [[Setensele:Sebini sa South Afric]] [[Setensele:Batho ba maXhosa]] rbtgzbjr2nu2p1r1phos4zlav396lkr 0 13860 54959 2026-05-27T07:48:04Z Slippery slope302 6984 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356071186|National Library of South Africa Act (No. 92 of 1998)]]" 54959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molao wa Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, 1998''' (Molao Nomoro. 92 wa 1998) ke Molao wa Palamente ya Afrika Borwa wo o hlomilego Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa (NLSA) ka kopanyo ya Bokgobapuku bja peleng bja Afrika Borwa ka [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]] le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka [[Pretoria]].<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref> Molao o hlagiša kgoboketšo, pabalelo, taolo le tšwetšopele ya bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa gomme o hlaloša taolo, mešomo le ditšhelete tša Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba'''.<ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref>''' == Bokamorago == Pele ga go hlongwa ga molao, Afrika Borwa e be e na le dihlongwa tše pedi tše kgolo tša bokgobapuku bja bosetšhaba: Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa ka Motsekapa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka Pretoria.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref> Molao o kopantše dihlongwa tše go ba mokgatlo o tee wa setšhaba wo o tsebjago bjalo ka Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, ka disenthara tša tshepedišo metseng ye ka bobedi.<ref name="NLSA">{{Cite web |title=History of the National Library of South Africa |url=https://www.nlsa.ac.za |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=National Library of South Africa}}</ref> Molao wo o bopile karolo ya dipeakanyoleswa tša ka morago ga kgethologanyo tšeo di bego di ikemišeditše go beakanya leswa dihlongwa tša setšo le tša tshedimošo go kaonafatša phihlelelo ya tshedimošo le go boloka bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Peter Johan|last=Lor|publisher=Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria|title=Libraries in South Africa|year=1996}}</ref> == Morero == Maikemišetšo a Molao wo ke go boloka le go dira gore bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa bo fihlelelege le go tsenya letsogo go tlhabollo ya naga ya thuto, mahlale, setšo, tlhabollo ya ekonomi ya leago.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref> Molao o nyaka ka go lebanya go: * boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tše di amanago le Afrika Borwa; * go tšwetša pele temošo le tebogo ya bohwa bja ditokomane; * go godiša go bala le go ngwala ka tshedimošo; * go nolofatša phihlelelo ya methopo ya tshedimošo ya lefase ka bophara; le * thekgo bokgobapuku le ditirelo tša tshedimošo ka Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite report|publisher=National Library of South Africa|title=Annual Report|year=2024}}</ref> == Dipeakanyetšo == === Go hlongwa ga Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba === Karolo ya 2 ya Molao e hlomile semmušo Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa ka go kopanya Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo. Setheo se hlomilwe ka disenthara ka Pretoria le Motse Kapa, mola go dirilwe kabo ya makala a tlaleletšo ao a beilwego ke Tona ye e nago le maikarabelo.<ref name="Act" /> === Mešomo === Molao o abela Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba mešomo ye mmalwa, go akaretšwa go kgoboketša le go boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tšeo di amanago le Afrika Borwa, go hlokomela ditirelo tša bibliographic, go aba ditirelo tša tšhupetšo le tshedimošo, le go tšwetša pele go bala le go ngwala ga tshedimošo.<ref name="Act" /> Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo laetšwe gape go fana ka boetapele, peakanyo, kgokaganyo, dinyakišišo, le tlhahlo ka lefapheng la bokgobapuku le tshedimošo la Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Archie L.|last=Dick|publisher=University of Toronto Press|title=The Hidden History of South Africa's Book and Reading Cultures|year=2012}}</ref> === Pušo ya mmušo === Molao o hloma Boto ya go hlokomela merero ya Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba. Boto e na le maloko a magareng ga a šupago le a senyane ao a kgethilwego ke matona, gotee le Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba bjalo ka leloko ''la mošomo'', ka bonyane leloko le tee leo le nyakegago go ba le bokgoni bja ditšhelete. Boto e na le maikarabelo a go hlama pholisi, tumelelo ya ditekanyetšo le dipego tša ditšhelete, le go eletša Tona ka ga merero yeo e lebanego le Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba.<ref name="Act" /> === Taolo le bašomi === Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo eteletšwe pele ke mohlankedimogolophethiši yo a tsebjago bjalo ka Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba, yo a ikarabelago ka taolo le ditšhelete tša setheo. Boto e filwe maatla a go thwala bašomi le go laetša maemo a mešomo ka therišano le dikgoro tša mmušo tše di lebanego.<ref name="Act" /> === Thušo ya ditšhelete le boikarabelo === Molao o fana ka thušo ya ditšhelete ka dikabo tša palamente, meneelo, ditšhelete tša bogoši, ditefelo, dikadimo, le letseno go tšwa ditirelong tše di filwego. Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo swanetše go boloka direkhoto tša ditšhelete, go romela dipego tša ngwaga le ngwaga, le go dira ditlhahlobo tša ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mohlakišipharephare.<ref name="Act" /> === Dipeakanyo tša phetogo === Molao o ile wa phatlalatša diboto tša taolo tša Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo bja peleng le Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa gomme wa hloma lekgotla la nakwana go fihlela go hlongwa Boto ye mpsha ya taolo. Bašomi ba dihlongwa tša peleng ba ile ba boloka mešomo ya bona, megolo le dikholego ka morago ga kopanyo, mola dithoto, dithoto le dikoloto tša makgobapuku a mabedi di ile tša fetišetšwa go Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 "National Library of South Africa Act, 1998"]. Government of South Africa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> == Bona gape == * Bokgobapuku bja Setšhaba bja Afrika Borwa * Molao wa Peeletšo ya Molao, 1997 * Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipolokelo le Direkoto ya Afrika Borwa == Ditšhupetšo == 3t47jjuugqgmgi5qqy8r95ub6f76v1i 54960 54959 2026-05-27T07:56:01Z Slippery slope302 6984 Ke tlalelediše dihlopha 54960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molao wa Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, 1998''' (Molao Nomoro. 92 wa 1998) ke Molao wa Palamente ya Afrika Borwa wo o hlomilego Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa (NLSA) ka kopanyo ya Bokgobapuku bja peleng bja Afrika Borwa ka [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]] le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka [[Pretoria]].<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref> Molao o hlagiša kgoboketšo, pabalelo, taolo le tšwetšopele ya bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa gomme o hlaloša taolo, mešomo le ditšhelete tša Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba'''.<ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref>''' == Bokamorago == Pele ga go hlongwa ga molao, Afrika Borwa e be e na le dihlongwa tše pedi tše kgolo tša bokgobapuku bja bosetšhaba: Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa ka Motsekapa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka Pretoria.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref> Molao o kopantše dihlongwa tše go ba mokgatlo o tee wa setšhaba wo o tsebjago bjalo ka Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, ka disenthara tša tshepedišo metseng ye ka bobedi.<ref name="NLSA">{{Cite web |title=History of the National Library of South Africa |url=https://www.nlsa.ac.za |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=National Library of South Africa}}</ref> Molao wo o bopile karolo ya dipeakanyoleswa tša ka morago ga kgethologanyo tšeo di bego di ikemišeditše go beakanya leswa dihlongwa tša setšo le tša tshedimošo go kaonafatša phihlelelo ya tshedimošo le go boloka bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Peter Johan|last=Lor|publisher=Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria|title=Libraries in South Africa|year=1996}}</ref> == Morero == Maikemišetšo a Molao wo ke go boloka le go dira gore bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa bo fihlelelege le go tsenya letsogo go tlhabollo ya naga ya thuto, mahlale, setšo, tlhabollo ya ekonomi ya leago.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref> Molao o nyaka ka go lebanya go: * boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tše di amanago le Afrika Borwa; * go tšwetša pele temošo le tebogo ya bohwa bja ditokomane; * go godiša go bala le go ngwala ka tshedimošo; * go nolofatša phihlelelo ya methopo ya tshedimošo ya lefase ka bophara; le * thekgo bokgobapuku le ditirelo tša tshedimošo ka Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite report|publisher=National Library of South Africa|title=Annual Report|year=2024}}</ref> == Dipeakanyetšo == === Go hlongwa ga Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba === Karolo ya 2 ya Molao e hlomile semmušo Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa ka go kopanya Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo. Setheo se hlomilwe ka disenthara ka Pretoria le Motse Kapa, mola go dirilwe kabo ya makala a tlaleletšo ao a beilwego ke Tona ye e nago le maikarabelo.<ref name="Act" /> === Mešomo === Molao o abela Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba mešomo ye mmalwa, go akaretšwa go kgoboketša le go boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tšeo di amanago le Afrika Borwa, go hlokomela ditirelo tša bibliographic, go aba ditirelo tša tšhupetšo le tshedimošo, le go tšwetša pele go bala le go ngwala ga tshedimošo.<ref name="Act" /> Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo laetšwe gape go fana ka boetapele, peakanyo, kgokaganyo, dinyakišišo, le tlhahlo ka lefapheng la bokgobapuku le tshedimošo la Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Archie L.|last=Dick|publisher=University of Toronto Press|title=The Hidden History of South Africa's Book and Reading Cultures|year=2012}}</ref> === Pušo ya mmušo === Molao o hloma Boto ya go hlokomela merero ya Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba. Boto e na le maloko a magareng ga a šupago le a senyane ao a kgethilwego ke matona, gotee le Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba bjalo ka leloko ''la mošomo'', ka bonyane leloko le tee leo le nyakegago go ba le bokgoni bja ditšhelete. Boto e na le maikarabelo a go hlama pholisi, tumelelo ya ditekanyetšo le dipego tša ditšhelete, le go eletša Tona ka ga merero yeo e lebanego le Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba.<ref name="Act" /> === Taolo le bašomi === Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo eteletšwe pele ke mohlankedimogolophethiši yo a tsebjago bjalo ka Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba, yo a ikarabelago ka taolo le ditšhelete tša setheo. Boto e filwe maatla a go thwala bašomi le go laetša maemo a mešomo ka therišano le dikgoro tša mmušo tše di lebanego.<ref name="Act" /> === Thušo ya ditšhelete le boikarabelo === Molao o fana ka thušo ya ditšhelete ka dikabo tša palamente, meneelo, ditšhelete tša bogoši, ditefelo, dikadimo, le letseno go tšwa ditirelong tše di filwego. Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo swanetše go boloka direkhoto tša ditšhelete, go romela dipego tša ngwaga le ngwaga, le go dira ditlhahlobo tša ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mohlakišipharephare.<ref name="Act" /> === Dipeakanyo tša phetogo === Molao o ile wa phatlalatša diboto tša taolo tša Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo bja peleng le Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa gomme wa hloma lekgotla la nakwana go fihlela go hlongwa Boto ye mpsha ya taolo. Bašomi ba dihlongwa tša peleng ba ile ba boloka mešomo ya bona, megolo le dikholego ka morago ga kopanyo, mola dithoto, dithoto le dikoloto tša makgobapuku a mabedi di ile tša fetišetšwa go Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 "National Library of South Africa Act, 1998"]. Government of South Africa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> == Bona gape == * Bokgobapuku bja Setšhaba bja Afrika Borwa * Molao wa Peeletšo ya Molao, 1997 * Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipolokelo le Direkoto ya Afrika Borwa == Ditšhupetšo == <references /> [[Setensele:Palamente ya Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Ditheo tša mmušo tša Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Taolo ya tsebo]] 7katdtod3lyxqqvw39zffevtpus9979 54961 54960 2026-05-27T07:58:37Z Slippery slope302 6984 Fixed references 54961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molao wa Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, 1998''' (Molao Nomoro. 92 wa 1998) ke Molao wa Palamente ya Afrika Borwa wo o hlomilego Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa (NLSA) ka kopanyo ya Bokgobapuku bja peleng bja Afrika Borwa ka [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]] le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka [[Pretoria]].<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa|url-status=}}</ref> Molao o hlagiša kgoboketšo, pabalelo, taolo le tšwetšopele ya bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa gomme o hlaloša taolo, mešomo le ditšhelete tša Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba'''.<ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref>''' == Bokamorago == Pele ga go hlongwa ga molao, Afrika Borwa e be e na le dihlongwa tše pedi tše kgolo tša bokgobapuku bja bosetšhaba: Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa ka Motsekapa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka Pretoria.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref> Molao o kopantše dihlongwa tše go ba mokgatlo o tee wa setšhaba wo o tsebjago bjalo ka Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, ka disenthara tša tshepedišo metseng ye ka bobedi.<ref name="NLSA">{{Cite web |title=History of the National Library of South Africa |url=https://www.nlsa.ac.za |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=National Library of South Africa}}</ref> Molao wo o bopile karolo ya dipeakanyoleswa tša ka morago ga kgethologanyo tšeo di bego di ikemišeditše go beakanya leswa dihlongwa tša setšo le tša tshedimošo go kaonafatša phihlelelo ya tshedimošo le go boloka bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Peter Johan|last=Lor|publisher=Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria|title=Libraries in South Africa|year=1996}}</ref> == Morero == Maikemišetšo a Molao wo ke go boloka le go dira gore bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa bo fihlelelege le go tsenya letsogo go tlhabollo ya naga ya thuto, mahlale, setšo, tlhabollo ya ekonomi ya leago.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref> Molao o nyaka ka go lebanya go: * boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tše di amanago le Afrika Borwa; * go tšwetša pele temošo le tebogo ya bohwa bja ditokomane; * go godiša go bala le go ngwala ka tshedimošo; * go nolofatša phihlelelo ya methopo ya tshedimošo ya lefase ka bophara; le * thekgo bokgobapuku le ditirelo tša tshedimošo ka Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite report|publisher=National Library of South Africa|title=Annual Report|year=2024}}</ref> == Dipeakanyetšo == === Go hlongwa ga Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba === Karolo ya 2 ya Molao e hlomile semmušo Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa ka go kopanya Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo. Setheo se hlomilwe ka disenthara ka Pretoria le Motse Kapa, mola go dirilwe kabo ya makala a tlaleletšo ao a beilwego ke Tona ye e nago le maikarabelo.<ref name="Act" /> === Mešomo === Molao o abela Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba mešomo ye mmalwa, go akaretšwa go kgoboketša le go boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tšeo di amanago le Afrika Borwa, go hlokomela ditirelo tša bibliographic, go aba ditirelo tša tšhupetšo le tshedimošo, le go tšwetša pele go bala le go ngwala ga tshedimošo.<ref name="Act" /> Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo laetšwe gape go fana ka boetapele, peakanyo, kgokaganyo, dinyakišišo, le tlhahlo ka lefapheng la bokgobapuku le tshedimošo la Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Archie L.|last=Dick|publisher=University of Toronto Press|title=The Hidden History of South Africa's Book and Reading Cultures|year=2012}}</ref> === Pušo ya mmušo === Molao o hloma Boto ya go hlokomela merero ya Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba. Boto e na le maloko a magareng ga a šupago le a senyane ao a kgethilwego ke matona, gotee le Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba bjalo ka leloko ''la mošomo'', ka bonyane leloko le tee leo le nyakegago go ba le bokgoni bja ditšhelete. Boto e na le maikarabelo a go hlama pholisi, tumelelo ya ditekanyetšo le dipego tša ditšhelete, le go eletša Tona ka ga merero yeo e lebanego le Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba.<ref name="Act" /> === Taolo le bašomi === Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo eteletšwe pele ke mohlankedimogolophethiši yo a tsebjago bjalo ka Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba, yo a ikarabelago ka taolo le ditšhelete tša setheo. Boto e filwe maatla a go thwala bašomi le go laetša maemo a mešomo ka therišano le dikgoro tša mmušo tše di lebanego.<ref name="Act" /> === Thušo ya ditšhelete le boikarabelo === Molao o fana ka thušo ya ditšhelete ka dikabo tša palamente, meneelo, ditšhelete tša bogoši, ditefelo, dikadimo, le letseno go tšwa ditirelong tše di filwego. Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo swanetše go boloka direkhoto tša ditšhelete, go romela dipego tša ngwaga le ngwaga, le go dira ditlhahlobo tša ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mohlakišipharephare.<ref name="Act" /> === Dipeakanyo tša phetogo === Molao o ile wa phatlalatša diboto tša taolo tša Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo bja peleng le Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa gomme wa hloma lekgotla la nakwana go fihlela go hlongwa Boto ye mpsha ya taolo. Bašomi ba dihlongwa tša peleng ba ile ba boloka mešomo ya bona, megolo le dikholego ka morago ga kopanyo, mola dithoto, dithoto le dikoloto tša makgobapuku a mabedi di ile tša fetišetšwa go Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 "National Library of South Africa Act, 1998"]. Government of South Africa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> == Bona gape == * Bokgobapuku bja Setšhaba bja Afrika Borwa * Molao wa Peeletšo ya Molao, 1997 * Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipolokelo le Direkoto ya Afrika Borwa == Ditšhupetšo == <references /> [[Setensele:Palamente ya Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Ditheo tša mmušo tša Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Taolo ya tsebo]] sv4qc3otmvgd82vfdpanjj6aawun5mu 54962 54961 2026-05-27T08:03:33Z Slippery slope302 6984 Fixed a reference 54962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molao wa Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, 1998''' (Molao Nomoro. 92 wa 1998) ke Molao wa Palamente ya Afrika Borwa wo o hlomilego Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa (NLSA) ka kopanyo ya Bokgobapuku bja peleng bja Afrika Borwa ka [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]] le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka [[Pretoria]].<ref name="NLSA98">{{cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a92-98.pdf |work=Government Gazette |publisher=Republic of South Africa |date=1998-11-02 |volume=401 |issue=19415 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Molao o hlagiša kgoboketšo, pabalelo, taolo le tšwetšopele ya bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa gomme o hlaloša taolo, mešomo le ditšhelete tša Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba'''.<ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref>''' == Bokamorago == Pele ga go hlongwa ga molao, Afrika Borwa e be e na le dihlongwa tše pedi tše kgolo tša bokgobapuku bja bosetšhaba: Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa ka Motsekapa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka Pretoria.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref> Molao o kopantše dihlongwa tše go ba mokgatlo o tee wa setšhaba wo o tsebjago bjalo ka Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, ka disenthara tša tshepedišo metseng ye ka bobedi.<ref name="NLSA">{{Cite web |title=History of the National Library of South Africa |url=https://www.nlsa.ac.za |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=National Library of South Africa}}</ref> Molao wo o bopile karolo ya dipeakanyoleswa tša ka morago ga kgethologanyo tšeo di bego di ikemišeditše go beakanya leswa dihlongwa tša setšo le tša tshedimošo go kaonafatša phihlelelo ya tshedimošo le go boloka bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Peter Johan|last=Lor|publisher=Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria|title=Libraries in South Africa|year=1996}}</ref> == Morero == Maikemišetšo a Molao wo ke go boloka le go dira gore bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa bo fihlelelege le go tsenya letsogo go tlhabollo ya naga ya thuto, mahlale, setšo, tlhabollo ya ekonomi ya leago.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref> Molao o nyaka ka go lebanya go: * boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tše di amanago le Afrika Borwa; * go tšwetša pele temošo le tebogo ya bohwa bja ditokomane; * go godiša go bala le go ngwala ka tshedimošo; * go nolofatša phihlelelo ya methopo ya tshedimošo ya lefase ka bophara; le * thekgo bokgobapuku le ditirelo tša tshedimošo ka Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite report|publisher=National Library of South Africa|title=Annual Report|year=2024}}</ref> == Dipeakanyetšo == === Go hlongwa ga Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba === Karolo ya 2 ya Molao e hlomile semmušo Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa ka go kopanya Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo. Setheo se hlomilwe ka disenthara ka Pretoria le Motse Kapa, mola go dirilwe kabo ya makala a tlaleletšo ao a beilwego ke Tona ye e nago le maikarabelo.<ref name="Act" /> === Mešomo === Molao o abela Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba mešomo ye mmalwa, go akaretšwa go kgoboketša le go boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tšeo di amanago le Afrika Borwa, go hlokomela ditirelo tša bibliographic, go aba ditirelo tša tšhupetšo le tshedimošo, le go tšwetša pele go bala le go ngwala ga tshedimošo.<ref name="Act" /> Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo laetšwe gape go fana ka boetapele, peakanyo, kgokaganyo, dinyakišišo, le tlhahlo ka lefapheng la bokgobapuku le tshedimošo la Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Archie L.|last=Dick|publisher=University of Toronto Press|title=The Hidden History of South Africa's Book and Reading Cultures|year=2012}}</ref> === Pušo ya mmušo === Molao o hloma Boto ya go hlokomela merero ya Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba. Boto e na le maloko a magareng ga a šupago le a senyane ao a kgethilwego ke matona, gotee le Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba bjalo ka leloko ''la mošomo'', ka bonyane leloko le tee leo le nyakegago go ba le bokgoni bja ditšhelete. Boto e na le maikarabelo a go hlama pholisi, tumelelo ya ditekanyetšo le dipego tša ditšhelete, le go eletša Tona ka ga merero yeo e lebanego le Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba.<ref name="Act" /> === Taolo le bašomi === Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo eteletšwe pele ke mohlankedimogolophethiši yo a tsebjago bjalo ka Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba, yo a ikarabelago ka taolo le ditšhelete tša setheo. Boto e filwe maatla a go thwala bašomi le go laetša maemo a mešomo ka therišano le dikgoro tša mmušo tše di lebanego.<ref name="Act" /> === Thušo ya ditšhelete le boikarabelo === Molao o fana ka thušo ya ditšhelete ka dikabo tša palamente, meneelo, ditšhelete tša bogoši, ditefelo, dikadimo, le letseno go tšwa ditirelong tše di filwego. Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo swanetše go boloka direkhoto tša ditšhelete, go romela dipego tša ngwaga le ngwaga, le go dira ditlhahlobo tša ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mohlakišipharephare.<ref name="Act" /> === Dipeakanyo tša phetogo === Molao o ile wa phatlalatša diboto tša taolo tša Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo bja peleng le Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa gomme wa hloma lekgotla la nakwana go fihlela go hlongwa Boto ye mpsha ya taolo. Bašomi ba dihlongwa tša peleng ba ile ba boloka mešomo ya bona, megolo le dikholego ka morago ga kopanyo, mola dithoto, dithoto le dikoloto tša makgobapuku a mabedi di ile tša fetišetšwa go Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Act">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 |url=https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=Government of South Africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gov.za/documents/acts/national-library-south-africa-act-92-1998-02-nov-1998 "National Library of South Africa Act, 1998"]. Government of South Africa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> == Bona gape == * Bokgobapuku bja Setšhaba bja Afrika Borwa * Molao wa Peeletšo ya Molao, 1997 * Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipolokelo le Direkoto ya Afrika Borwa == Ditšhupetšo == <references /> [[Setensele:Palamente ya Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Ditheo tša mmušo tša Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Taolo ya tsebo]] ojp34n5sz8c77ow6gxdqx7ag8kufki1 54963 54962 2026-05-27T08:05:46Z Slippery slope302 6984 54963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molao wa Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, 1998''' (Molao Nomoro. 92 wa 1998) ke Molao wa Palamente ya Afrika Borwa wo o hlomilego Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa (NLSA) ka kopanyo ya Bokgobapuku bja peleng bja Afrika Borwa ka [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]] le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka [[Pretoria]].<ref name="NLSA98">{{cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a92-98.pdf |work=Government Gazette |publisher=Republic of South Africa |date=1998-11-02 |volume=401 |issue=19415 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Molao o hlagiša kgoboketšo, pabalelo, taolo le tšwetšopele ya bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa gomme o hlaloša taolo, mešomo le ditšhelete tša Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba'''.<ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref>''' == Bokamorago == Pele ga go hlongwa ga molao, Afrika Borwa e be e na le dihlongwa tše pedi tše kgolo tša bokgobapuku bja bosetšhaba: Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa ka Motsekapa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo ka Pretoria.<ref name="NLSA98" /> Molao o kopantše dihlongwa tše go ba mokgatlo o tee wa setšhaba wo o tsebjago bjalo ka Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa, ka disenthara tša tshepedišo metseng ye ka bobedi.<ref name="NLSA">{{Cite web |title=History of the National Library of South Africa |url=https://www.nlsa.ac.za |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=National Library of South Africa}}</ref> Molao wo o bopile karolo ya dipeakanyoleswa tša ka morago ga kgethologanyo tšeo di bego di ikemišeditše go beakanya leswa dihlongwa tša setšo le tša tshedimošo go kaonafatša phihlelelo ya tshedimošo le go boloka bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Peter Johan|last=Lor|publisher=Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria|title=Libraries in South Africa|year=1996}}</ref> == Morero == Maikemišetšo a Molao wo ke go boloka le go dira gore bohwa bja ditokomane bja Afrika Borwa bo fihlelelege le go tsenya letsogo go tlhabollo ya naga ya thuto, mahlale, setšo, tlhabollo ya ekonomi ya leago.<ref name="NLSA98" /><ref name="WIPO">{{Cite web |title=National Library of South Africa Act, 1998 (Act No. 92 of 1998) |url=https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/13343 |access-date=24 May 2026 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Lex)}}</ref> Molao o nyaka ka go lebanya go: * boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tše di amanago le Afrika Borwa; * go tšwetša pele temošo le tebogo ya bohwa bja ditokomane; * go godiša go bala le go ngwala ka tshedimošo; * go nolofatša phihlelelo ya methopo ya tshedimošo ya lefase ka bophara; le * thekgo bokgobapuku le ditirelo tša tshedimošo ka Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA98" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite report|publisher=National Library of South Africa|title=Annual Report|year=2024}}</ref> == Dipeakanyetšo == === Go hlongwa ga Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba === Karolo ya 2 ya Molao e hlomile semmušo Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa ka go kopanya Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa le Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo. Setheo se hlomilwe ka disenthara ka Pretoria le Motse Kapa, mola go dirilwe kabo ya makala a tlaleletšo ao a beilwego ke Tona ye e nago le maikarabelo.<ref name="NLSA98" /> === Mešomo === Molao o abela Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba mešomo ye mmalwa, go akaretšwa go kgoboketša le go boloka didirišwa tše di phatlaladitšwego tšeo di amanago le Afrika Borwa, go hlokomela ditirelo tša bibliographic, go aba ditirelo tša tšhupetšo le tshedimošo, le go tšwetša pele go bala le go ngwala ga tshedimošo.<ref name="NLSA98" /> Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo laetšwe gape go fana ka boetapele, peakanyo, kgokaganyo, dinyakišišo, le tlhahlo ka lefapheng la bokgobapuku le tshedimošo la Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Archie L.|last=Dick|publisher=University of Toronto Press|title=The Hidden History of South Africa's Book and Reading Cultures|year=2012}}</ref> === Pušo ya mmušo === Molao o hloma Boto ya go hlokomela merero ya Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba. Boto e na le maloko a magareng ga a šupago le a senyane ao a kgethilwego ke matona, gotee le Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba bjalo ka leloko ''la mošomo'', ka bonyane leloko le tee leo le nyakegago go ba le bokgoni bja ditšhelete. Boto e na le maikarabelo a go hlama pholisi, tumelelo ya ditekanyetšo le dipego tša ditšhelete, le go eletša Tona ka ga merero yeo e lebanego le Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba.<ref name="NLSA98" /> === Taolo le bašomi === Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo eteletšwe pele ke mohlankedimogolophethiši yo a tsebjago bjalo ka Molaodi wa Bokgobapuku wa Bosetšhaba, yo a ikarabelago ka taolo le ditšhelete tša setheo. Boto e filwe maatla a go thwala bašomi le go laetša maemo a mešomo ka therišano le dikgoro tša mmušo tše di lebanego.<ref name="NLSA98" /> === Thušo ya ditšhelete le boikarabelo === Molao o fana ka thušo ya ditšhelete ka dikabo tša palamente, meneelo, ditšhelete tša bogoši, ditefelo, dikadimo, le letseno go tšwa ditirelong tše di filwego. Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bo swanetše go boloka direkhoto tša ditšhelete, go romela dipego tša ngwaga le ngwaga, le go dira ditlhahlobo tša ngwaga le ngwaga ke Mohlakišipharephare.<ref name="NLSA98" /> === Dipeakanyo tša phetogo === Molao o ile wa phatlalatša diboto tša taolo tša Bokgobapuku bja Mmušo bja peleng le Bokgobapuku bja Afrika Borwa gomme wa hloma lekgotla la nakwana go fihlela go hlongwa Boto ye mpsha ya taolo. Bašomi ba dihlongwa tša peleng ba ile ba boloka mešomo ya bona, megolo le dikholego ka morago ga kopanyo, mola dithoto, dithoto le dikoloto tša makgobapuku a mabedi di ile tša fetišetšwa go Bokgobapuku bja Bosetšhaba bja Afrika Borwa.<ref name="NLSA98" /> == Bona gape == * Bokgobapuku bja Setšhaba bja Afrika Borwa * Molao wa Peeletšo ya Molao, 1997 * Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipolokelo le Direkoto ya Afrika Borwa == Ditšhupetšo == <references /> [[Setensele:Palamente ya Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Ditheo tša mmušo tša Afrika Borwa]] [[Setensele:Taolo ya tsebo]] etnyo1bmj6pyfwpp5xe0mvbvnlnu0n6