Wikipedia nsowiki https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letlakala_la_pele MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Bolediša Mošomi Boledišana le Mošomi Wikipedia Dipolelo tša Wikipedia Seswantšho Poledišano ya Seswantšho MediaWiki Poledišano ya MediaWiki Template Poledišano ya Template Thušo Poledišano ya Thušo Setensele Poledišano ya Setensele TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 372 55344 53578 2026-08-06T06:49:26Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Relationship with humans" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363915100|Sus (genus)]]" 55344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''`Kolobe''' ( '''''Sus domesticus''''' yeo gape e bitšwago dikolobe goba (pL '''kolobe''', ke seamusi sa go ja tšohle, se se ruiwa, sa menwana ya maoto ye e lekanago, ya ditlhako . E bitswa '''kolobe ya ka gae''' ge e e fapantšha le maloko a mangwe a mohuta wa ''[[Kolobe|Sus]]'' . Balaodi ba bangwe ba e tšea e le mohuta wa ka fasana wa ''Sus scrofa'' ( kolobe ya naga goba kolobe ya Eurasian); balaodi ba bangwe ba e tšea e le mohuta o fapanego . Dikolobe di ile tša ruiwa ka go ikemela gabedi nakong ya Neolithic, ka bohlabela bja kgauswi go dikologa Tigris Basin, le ka [[Tšhaena|China]] . Ge dikolobe tse di ruilwego di fihla Europe go tswa bohlabela bja kgauswi ,diile tsa twadisa kudu le dikolobe tsa naga ka Europe eupsa di boloka diponagalo tsa tsona tsa go ruiwa. Dikolobe di foreimetswe kudu-kudu bakeng sa nama, e bitšwago nama ya kolobe . Letlalo la diphoofolo goba letlalo le somiswa go dira letlalo . China ke motšweletši yo mogolo wa nama ya kolobe lefaseng, gomme ya latelwa ke kopano ya Yuropa gomme ka morago ya latelwa ke United States. Dikolobe tše di ka bago dimilione tše dikete tše 1,5 di godišwa ngwaga o mongwe le o mongwe, di tšweletša ditone tše ka bago dimilione tše 120 tša nama, tšeo gantši di fodišwago e le bacon . Tše dingwe di bolokwa e le diphoofolo tša ka gae . Dikolobe di tsweletse ka setšong sa batho go tloga mehleng ya Neolithic, di tšwelela ka bokgabong le dingwalong tša bana le batho ba bagolo, gomme di ketekwa metseng ya go swana le Bologna ka ditšweletšwa tša tšona tša nama. == Relationship with humans == {{Automatic taxobox|fossil_range={{fossil range|Early Pleistocene|Recent|[[Early Pleistocene]] to recent}}|image=Sus Barbatus, the Bornean Bearded Pig (12616351323).jpg|image_caption=[[Bornean bearded pig]] (''Sus barbatus'')|taxon=Sus|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]|type_species=''[[Sus scrofa]]''|type_species_ref=<ref>{{cite journal |author1=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |title=Opinion 75. Twenty-Seven Generic Names of Protozoa, Vermes, Pisces, Reptilia and Mammalia Included in the Official List of Zoological Names |journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections |date=1922 |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=35–37 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8910949}}</ref>|type_species_authority=Linnaeus, 1758|subdivision_ranks=Species|subdivision=See text|range_map=|range_map_caption=|audio=Mudchute pig 1.ogg|audio_caption=Call of a [[domestic pig]]}} Dikolobe tše dintšhi tša lehonoke dikolobe tša ka gae tšeo di godišetšwago nama(yeo e tsebjago bjalo ka nama ya kolobe). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2014 |title=Mini Pig Nutrition |url=https://americanminipigassociation.com/mini-pig-education/mini-pig-nutrition/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=American Mini Pig Association}}</ref> Mehuta ya dikolobe tše dinyenyane gantšhi e tlhokomelwa bjalo ka diruiwa tša ka gae.Ka lebaka la bokgoni bja tšona bja go nyaka dijo le monkho wa tšona o matla wa go kwa dilo,batho dinageng tše dintšhi tša Yuropa ba di diriša go hwetša di -truffle.Dikolobe tša naga le tše di tšwelego ka malapeng gomme tša phela nageng gantši di a tsongwa. Ka ntle le nama, letlalo la kolobe le fetošwa letlalo la roka, gomme boya ya tšona bo šomišwa go dira diporaše. Boya bja kolobe bjo bokopana, bjo tiilego le bjo bogale bo bitšwabristles, gomme nakong e fetilego bo be bo šomišwa kudu go dira diporaše tša pente moo ka 1946 Mmušo wa Australia o ilego wa thoma lesolo la Pig Bristle . ka Mopitlo 1946, ka lebaka la tlhaelelo ya boya bja dikolobe bjo bo bego bo dirišwa diporašeng tša pente nakong ya komelelo ya kago ka morago ga Ntwa ya bobedi y alefase,Sesepediši sa difofane sa e le go arabela tlhaelelo ya mafofa a dikolobe bakeng sa Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) se ile sa fofa ka ditone tše 28 tša boya bja dikolobe go tšwa China, e lego yona mothopo wo o bego o hwetšagala ka kgwebo ka nako yeo. Letlalo la motho le swana kudu le letlalo la kolobe,ka fao dinyakišišo tše dintšhi tša pele ga teko tša kalafo di diriša le tlalo la kolobe.<ref name="porcine2018Janu">{{Cite web |last=Herron |first=Alan J. |date=5 December 2009 |others=American College of Veterinary Pathologists |title=Pigs as Dermatologic Models of Human Skin Disease |url=http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/acvp/2009/Herron.pdf?LA=1 |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=Ivis |publisher=DVM Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas |quote=pig skin has been shown to be the most similar to human skin. Pig skin is structurally similar to human epidermal thickness and dermal-epidermal thickness ratios. Pigs and humans have similar hair follicle and blood vessel patterns in the skin. Biochemically pigs contain dermal collagen and elastic content that is more similar to humans than other laboratory animals. Finally pigs have similar physical and molecular responses to various growth factors.}}</ref><ref name="porcine2018Janu2">{{Cite web |last=Liu |first=J. |last2=Kim |first2=D. |last3=Brown |first3=L. |last4=Madsen |first4=T. |last5=Bouchard |first5=G.F. |title=Comparison of Human, Porcine and Rodent Wound Healing With New Miniature Swine Study Data |url=http://www.sinclairresearch.com/assets/25_Wound-Healing-AALAS-2009.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084036/http://www.sinclairresearch.com/assets/25_Wound-Healing-AALAS-2009.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |access-date=27 January 2018 |website= |publisher=[[Sinclair Research]] |quote=Pig skin is anatomically, physiologically, biochemically and immunologically similar to human skin, and the skin is ‘fixed skin’ like humans and unlike rodents or rabbits.}}</ref> Go tlaleletša tšhomišong ya lona ka gare ga dinyakišišo tša kalafo ya diphedi le go dira diteko tša dihlare,tšwelopele ya tša leabela go tlhokomelong ya maphelo a batho e buletše tsela ya gore dikolobe tša ka gae di be bakgethwa bao ba ka šomišwago go fetišetša ditho goba dithishu tšaštšona go batho<ref name="porcine2018Janu" /><ref name="porcine2018Janu2" /> , 1y760jbavrs64c0xy7mz9tqx37m5lsc 0 2302 55353 47139 2026-08-06T09:43:45Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Social behavior" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367953218|African buffalo]]" 55353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Seswantšho:African buffalo in Aberdare NP.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Nare]] '''Nare''' ke [[phoofolo]] ya nageng ya Afrika. Ka bogolo e ka lekana le kgomo. [[Setensele:Diphoofolo]] == Boitshwaro bja leago == [[Seswantšho:Afrikanische_Büffel_(Syncerus_caffer)_1.jpg|right|thumb| Mohlape wa dinare tša Afrika]] Bogolo bja mehlape bo fapana kudu. Motheo wa mehlape ye o bopšwa ke tše tshadi tšeo di tswalanago le bana ba tšona, gomme di na le lenaneo la go buša (taolo ya maemo) leo le latelanago ka mokgwa wa go tia. Mehlape ya motheo e dikologilwe ke dihlopha tše dinyenyane tša diphoofolo tšeo di lego maemong a tlase, dipoo tšeo di lego maemong a godimo, tše tshadi, gammogo le diphoofolo tša botšofadi goba tše di golofetšego. Dinare tša naga tša Afrika di tšea karolo mehuteng ye mmalwa ya boitshwaro bja sehlopha. Go bonagala tše tshadi di bontšha mohuta wa “boitshwaro bja go bouta”. Nakong ya go khutša, tše tshadi di a ema, tša sepela-sepela ganyenyane, gomme tša dula fase gape. Di dula di lebile ntlheng yeo di naganago gore di swanetše go ya go yona. Ka morago ga iri goba go feta ya go sepela-sepela, tše tshadi di sepela ka ntlheng yeo di e kgethilego. Sephetho se tšewa ke sehlopha ka moka, e sego go ithekgilwe ka maemo a taolo goba maatla a go buša. Ge mehlape e rakwa ke dibatana tše di e tsomago, e dula e kgobokane mmogo, gomme seo se dira gore go be thata gore dibatana tše di kgethe setho se tee sa mohlape gomme di se hlasela. Dinamane di kgoboketšwa bogareng bja mohlape. Mohlape wa dinare o arabela ge setho sa wona se lego kotsing se dira modumo wa go kgopela thušo, gomme wa leka go se phološa. Modumo wa namane wa go bontšha tlalelo o goga šedi ya mmago yona fela, eupša gape o goga šedi ya mohlape ka moka. Dinare di bontšha boitshwaro bja go hlasela ka sehlopha ge di lwantšha dibatana tše di di hlaselago. Go begilwe gore di kile tša bolaya ditau. Gomme di kile tša rakediša ditau tša namela mehlare gomme tša di boloka di le moo lebaka la diiri tše pedi, ka morago ga ge ditau di bolaile setho se sengwe sa sehlopha sa tšona. Malonyana a ditau a ka gatakwa gomme a bolawa. Ketsahalong e nngwe yeo e gatišitšwego ka bidio, yeo e tsebjago bjalo ka “Ntwa ya Kruger” (Battle at Kruger), namane e ile ya phologa tlhaselo ya ditau le kwena ka morago ga gore mohlape o tsenelele gomme wa e thuša. Dipoo di na le lenaneo la maemo a taolo leo le latelanago ka mokgwa wa thwii, leo le ithekgilego ka mengwaga le bogolo bja mmele. Ka ge nare e bolokegile kudu ge mohlape o le mogolo, dipoo tšeo di bušago di ka ithekga ka dipoo tša maemo a tlase gomme ka dinako tše dingwe tša dumelela go tswala ga tšona. Dipoo tše nnyane di dula kgole le poo yeo e bušago, yeo e tsebjago ka go tia le bogolo bja manaka a yona. [[Seswantšho:Syncerus_caffer_fight1.jpg|thumb| Dipoo maemong a go lwa ka maatla]] Dipoo tše godilego di a katana ka boithabišo, nakong ya go bontšhana maemo a taolo, goba nakong ya dintwa tša nnete. Poo e nngwe e batamela poo ye nngwe e dira modumo wa go lla, e inamišitše manaka a yona fase, gomme ya letela gore poo ye nngwe le yona e dire se se swanago. Ge di katana, dipoo di sotha manaka a tšona go tšwa lehlakoreng le lengwe go ya go le lengwe. Ge go katana go dirwa ka boithabišo, poo e ka phumula sefahlego le mmele wa yeo e lwago le yona nakong ya ge di dutše di katana. Dintwa tša nnete di ba šoro, eupša ga di tlwaelege gomme di tšea nako e kopana. Dinamane le tšona di ka katana ka boithabišo, eupša tše tshadi tše godilego ga se gantši di katane le gatee. Nakong ya sehla sa komelelo, tše tona di arogana go tšwa mohlapeng gomme di bopa dihlopha tša bachelor. Mehuta ye mebedi ya mehlape ya bachelor e a direga: yeo e dirilwego ka tše tona tša mengwaga ye mene go ya go ye šupa le ya tona ya mengwaga ye 12 goba go feta. Nakong ya sehla sa monola, dipoo tše nnyane di kopana gape le mohlape gore di nyalana le tše tshadi. Di dula le tšona sehla ka moka go šireletša dinamane. Dipoo tše dingwe tše di godilego di kgaotša go kopana gape le mohlape, ka ge di sa hlwe di kgona go phadišana le tše tona tše nnyane, tše bogale kudu. Di-bachelor tša kgale di bitšwa ''dagga boy'' s ("se khupeditšwego ka leraga"), gomme di tšewa e le tše kotsi kudu go batho. <ref name="afrgeo">{{Cite web |date=5 August 2020 |title=Buffalo - Godfather of the African bushveld |url=https://africageographic.com/stories/buffalo-godfather-of-the-african-bushveld/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806101652/https://africageographic.com/stories/buffalo-godfather-of-the-african-bushveld/ |archive-date=6 August 2021 |website=Africa Geographic}}</ref> Dinare tša Afrika di dira mantšu a go fapafapana. Dipitšo tše dintši ke diphetolelo tša segalo sa tlase tša tšeo di ntšhwago ke dikgomo tša ka gae . Di ntšha megala ya tlase, ya metsotswana e mebedi go ya go e mene ka dinako tše dingwe ka dikgaotšo tša metsotswana e meraro go ya go tše tshela bakeng sa go bontšha mohlape gore o šuthe. Go šupa mohlape gore o fetoše tsela, baetapele ba ntšha medumo ya "gritty", "creaking gate". Ge ba hudugela mafelong a go nwa, batho ba bangwe ba dira megala ye telele ya "maaa" go fihla go makga a 20 ka motsotso. Ge e le bogale, di dira di- grunt tše di thuthupago tšeo di ka tšeago nako e telele goba tša fetoga go rora mo go dumago. Dikgomo di tšweletša megala ya go rora ge di nyaka dinamane tša tšona. Dinamane di dira pitšo e swanago ya segalo se se phagamego ge di le tlalelong. <ref name="Estes 1991" /> Ge di tšhošetšwa ke diphoofolo tše di jago diphoofolo, di dira megala ye e gogilwego ya "waaaa". Batho bao ba bušago ba dira megala go tsebiša go ba gona ga bona le lefelo la bona. Phetolelo ya pitšo e swanago, eupša e le e tseneletšego kudu, e ntšhwa e le temošo go motho wa tlasana yo a tsenago. <ref name="Estes 1991" /> Ge di fula, di ntšha medumo ya go fapafapana, go swana le go lla ka boripana, go ngunanguna, go lla le go lla. Ditshadi di fihlelela kgolo ya thobalano ka mengwaga ye e ka bago ye mehlano mola tše tona di godile ka thobalano ka mengwaga ye mene go ya go ye tshela. <ref name="animaldiversity.org">{{Cite web |last=Ng |first=Christoph |title=Syncerus caffer (African buffalo) |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Syncerus_caffer/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Animal Diversity Web |language=en}}</ref> Dinare tša Afrika di nyalana gomme di belega fela ka dinako tša pula. Tlhora ya matswalo e direga mathomong a sehla, mola ditlhora tša go nyalana di fihla ka morago. Poo e diša kgauswi kgomo yeo e tlago phišong, mola e boloka dipoo tše dingwe di le kgolegong. Se se thata, ka ge dikgomo di tloga di efoga gomme di goketša tše tona tše ntši go ya lefelong la tiragalo. Ka nako yeo kgomo e lego ka gare ga estrus ye e tletšego, ke fela poo ye e bušago kudu ka mohlapeng/mohlapeng wa ka fasana yeo e lego gona. <ref name="Estes 1991" /> Dikgomo di thoma go tswala ka mengwaga ye mehlano, ka morago ga nako ya boimana ya dikgwedi tše 11.5. Dinamane tše di sa tšwago go belegwa di dula di utilwe ka gare ga dimela dibeke tše mmalwa tša mathomo mola di amušwa ka dinako tše dingwe ke mma pele di tsenela mohlape o mogolo. Dinamane tše kgolo di swaretšwe bogareng bja mohlape bakeng sa polokego. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Buffalo |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/species/African_buffalo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027125404/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/species/African_Buffalo |archive-date=27 October 2010 |access-date=2010-10-23 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Tlemo ya mma magareng ga mma le namane e tšea nako ye telele go feta ka bontši bja bovids. Tlemo yeo e fela ge namane e mpsha e belegwa, gomme ka morago mma o boloka bana ba gagwe ba peleng ba sa kgone go hlaba ka dinaka. Lega go le bjalo, phoofolo ya ngwaga e latela mmago yona ngwaga o mongwe goba go feta moo. Ditona di tlogela bommago tšona ge di na le mengwaga ye mebedi gomme di tsenela dihlopha tša bachelor. Dinamane tše nnyane, ka mo go sa tlwaelegago go bovids, di anya go tšwa ka morago ga bomme ba tšona, di kgoromeletša dihlogo tša tšona magareng ga maoto a bomme. Ka hlaga dinare tša Afrika di na le palogare ya bophelo bja mengwaga ye 11 eupša di begilwe go fihla go mengwaga ye 22. Ka bothopša di ka phela palomoka ya mengwaga ye 29.5 le ge e le gore di phela mengwaga ye 16 fela ka palogare. <ref name="animaldiversity.org">{{Cite web |last=Ng |first=Christoph |title=Syncerus caffer (African buffalo) |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Syncerus_caffer/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Animal Diversity Web |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNg">Ng, Christoph. </cite></ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="130px"> Seswantšho:African_buffalo_(Syncerus_caffer)_calf_2_weeks.jpg|alt=Two-week-old red calfAt Kazinga Channel in Uganda| Namane ye khubedu ya dibeke tše pedi<br /><br /><br /><br /> Mokerong wa Kazinga kua [[Uganda]] Seswantšho:African_buffalo_(Syncerus_caffer)_calf_2_weeks_suckling.jpg|alt=Two-week-old calf sucklingAt Kazinga Channel in Uganda| Namane ya dibeke tše pedi e amuša<br /><br /><br /><br /> Mokerong wa Kazinga kua Uganda Seswantšho:African_buffalo_(Syncerus_caffer_caffer)_juvenile_head.jpg|alt=CalfAt Chobe National Park in Botswana| Namane<br /><br /><br /><br /> Phaka ya Setšhaba ya Chobe ka [[Botswana]] Seswantšho:Cape_Buffalo_calf.jpg|alt=Female with red calfAt Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania| E tshadi ka namane e khubelu<br /><br /><br /><br /> Lefelong la Pabalelo la Ngorongoro kua [[Tanzania]] </gallery> n4btw4zzeggr5qm4dhggjha2af93gvk 0 2435 55347 50148 2026-08-06T08:57:44Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Characteristics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360772603|European wildcat]]" 55347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Seswantšho:Felis_silvestris_silvestris_Luc_Viatour.jpg|thumb|right|Felis silvestris (Wildcat)]] [[Seswantšho:Yawning Wildcat at the British Wildlife Centre, Newchapel, Surrey - geograph.org.uk - 2309509.jpg|thumb|right|Phaga]] [[Phaga]] ke katse ya nageng yeo e jago nama [[Afrika]]. == Dijo tša ka mehla == Phaga ke phoofolo ya go ja nyama. Phaga ke katse ya nageng yeo e jago nama. Esego nyama. Its a wild cat that eat meat. [[Setensele:Diphoofolo] == Dika == [[Seswantšho:Felis-silvestris-catus2.jpg|thumb|Legata la katse ya naga ya Yuropa]] Boya bja katse ya naga ya Yuropa bo fapana go tloga go botsothwa bja go swana le boso go ya go botsothwa bja go swana le mmala wa lerole, ka meriri ya ka ntle ye mehlophefadi. E na le methaladi ye mehlano phatleng, yeo e arogantšwego ka marontho a mannyane. Mothaladi wo motsho ka morago ga magetla o a gola gomme wa fetoga mothaladi wa mokokotlo wo o tšwelago pele go fihla botlaseng bja mogatla. Ka mahlakoreng e na le methaladi ye e sa rulaganywago ya mmala wo motsho, yeo e kgaoganago mo maotong a ka morago, gomme ya bopa sebopego sa marontho. Mogatla wa yona o na le boya bjo bontši, o na le masale a mabedi go ya go a mararo a mantsho ao a putlaganago, gomme ntlha ya wona ye ntsho e kgolokwe. Karolo ya godimo ya hlogo le phatla di na le methaladi ye mene ye e bonagalago gabotse ya mmala wo motsho, yeo e aroganywago ya ba marontho a mannyane. Methaladi ye mekopana le ye mesesane e mebedi gantši e hwetšwa tikologong ya magetla, ka pele ga mothaladi wa mokokotlo. Diphoofolo tše dingwe di na le marontho a sego kae a mašweu mo mogolong, magareng ga maoto a ka pele, goba tikologong ya ka gare ga maoto a ka morago. Karolo ya godimo ya molala le hlogo e na le mmala o swanago le wa mmele, eupša e ba botsothwa bjo bo bofefo go dikologa mahlo, melomo, marama le seledu. Moriti o monnyane wa mmala wa gauta o bonagala ka tlase ga mahlakore a mmele. Mothaladi wo moso le wo sesane wa mokokotlo o thoma mo magetleng, gomme wa sepela go bapa le mokokotlo go fihla botlaseng bja mogatla. Go diphoofolo tše dingwe, boya bja selemo bo na le mmala wa molora. Dibopego tša methaladi mo hlogong le molaleng di tšweletše gabotse go swana le tšeo di lego mogatleng, le ge dibopego tša mahlakoreng a mmele di sa bonagale gabotse. Meriri ya ka ntle ya tšhireletšo (guard hairs) e lekana le disentimetara tše 7 (disenthimithara tše 3), meriri ya dintlha e lekana le 5.5-6cm(21/8-23/8in), gomme boya bja ka tlase (underfur) bo lekana le 11-141/2-51/2in). Ditekanyo tše di swanago nakong ya selemo ke 56.7cm(2-25/8in),4.5-6cm(13/4-21/4, le 5.3(21/8in). . Dipoo tše kgolo tša banna kua Sepania di fihla boteleleng bja disentimetara tše 65 (disenthimithara tše 26), ka mogatla wo motelele wa34.5cm(131/2in), gomme di ka ba le boima bja go fihla go dikhilograma tše 7.5 (diponto tše 17). Gape di na le dibopego tša methaladi tšeo di sa phatlalalago kudu, meno a magolo ka tekanyo ge a bapetšwa le mmele, gomme gantši di iphepa ka mebutla go feta dikatse tša naga tšeo di lego ka leboa la noka ya Douro-Ebro, tšeo di ithekgilego kudu ka magotlo a mannyane. Katse ya naga ya Yuropa ka kakaretšo e kgolo ebile e nonne go feta katse ya ka gae, e na le boya bjo botelele le mogatla wo mokopana, wa boya bjo bontši wo o sa fokotšego go ya ntlheng. E na le boya bja methaladi le mothaladi wo moso wa mokokotlo. [1]Dipoo di na le palogare ya boima bja dikhilograma tše 5 (diponto tše 11) go fihla go dikhilograma tše 8 (diponto tše 18), mola tše tshadi di na le boima bja palogare bja dikhilograma tše 3.5 (diponto tše 8). Boima bja tšona bo a fetoga go ya ka sehla, gomme bo ka fetoga go fihla go dikhilograma tše 2.5 (diponto tše 6). Dikatse tša naga tša Yuropa di na le methaladi ya meno a marama ye mekopana ge e bapetšwa le tekanyo ya mmele, ka meno a mannyane, eupša di na le nko ye e nabilego go feta dikatse tša naga tša Afrika. Ka ge dikatse tša naga tša Yuropa le dikatse tša ka gae di tswalana ka go tswala ka sewelo, go ba thata go kgetholla gabotse magareng ga dikatse tša naga le mehuta ya tšona yeo e tswakanego le ya ka gae go šomišwa fela dika tša mmele (morphological characteristics). i6emx8ms924lgws61z0gd8lo4n1ukpb 0 5460 55348 48290 2026-08-06T09:09:03Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Village life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296786188|Wupperthal]]" 55348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox South African town 2011 | name = Wupperthal | native_name = | other_name = | latd = 32 |latm = 16 |lats = 27 | longd = 19 |longm = 12 |longs = 33 | image_skyline = 00000-Church-Wuppertal-s.jpg | image_caption = Kêrêke wa Wupperthal | province = Kapa Bodikela | district = [[Mmasepala Setereke tša West Coast|West Coast]] | municipality = [[Mmušôgaê wa Cederberg|Cederberg]] | established_date = | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = Councillor | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Community Report|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/dir_ws/wsnis/default.asp?nStn=pg_reports&curEntityID=01E24A398&curReportID=208&curParams=@UserNr&curlevelid=4|publisher=Department of Water Affairs & Forestry|accessdate=5 August 2013}}</ref> | population_total = 1568 | postal_code = 8138 | postal2_code = 8138 | area_code = | censuscode = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Wupperthal''' ke toropo wa [[Mmušôgaê wa Cederberg]], [[Mmasepala Setereke tša West Coast]] go feta profense [[Kapa Bodikela]] ka moka [[Afrika Borwa]]. == Ditšhupetšo == {{reflist}} {{West Coast District Municipality}} == Bophelo bja selegae == Motse o sa dutše o arogane le mafelo a mangwe, gomme o fihlelelwa ka tsela ya maswika go tšwa Clanwilliam o feta Pakhuis Pass. Mafelo a thušo ya setšhaba a akaretša Kereke ya Moravian, lebenkele, phapoši ya go nwa teye, poso, sekolo seo se nago le dihôstele tše pedi le holo ya setšhaba. Malapa a mantši setšhabeng a ithekgile ka temo ya maemo a manyane goba go rua diruiwa gore a hwetše mokgwa wa go iphediša. Sebjalo sa bohlokwa kudu sa go rekišwa go hwetša tšhelete ke teye ya rooibos. Mafelo a dithaba ao a dikologilego motse a fa mafulo a dipudi. Nakong ya yona ya katlego, fektheri ya dieta, yeo e hlomilwego ke Johann Leipoldt ka boyena, e be e fa mešomo go bašomi ba bantši ba bokgoni bja godimo. Dieta tša Wupperthal tša go rokiwa ka letsogo tša veldskoen (dieta tša setšo tša letlalo le boleta la suede) di be di tumile go ralala Afrika Borwa mo e ka bago lebaka la ngwagakgolo ka baka la boiketlo bja tšona le bokgoni bja go di dira. Fektheri ya go šoma matlalo le fektheri ya diatlana le tšona di be di šoma ka mengwaga ye mentši. Fektheri ya dieta e sa le gona le lehono, eupša bjale e šoma ka tekanyo ye nnyane kudu. Boeti ke intasteri ye e golago kua Wupperthal, kudukudu nakong ya sehla sa matšoba sa Namaqualand ka kgwedi ya Phato le Lewedi, ge meboto ya dithaba yeo e bonagalago e omile e fetoga ya khupetšwa ke matšoba ka dibeke tše sego kae. Protšeke ya boeti bja setšhaba e fana ka dintlo tša go robala tšeo baeng ba itlhokomelago ka tšona le lefelo la go hloma ditente. Mediro ye e akaretša go sepela dithabeng, ditsela tša dikoloi tša 4x4 le maeto ka dikariki tša ditonki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cederberg Heritage Route |url=https://www.cedheroute.co.za/ |access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> nwa7923li9bfgq6zprysf7mnngtd81l 0 6201 55349 48265 2026-08-06T09:16:49Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Buildings" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318108159|Williston, South Africa]]" 55349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox South African town | name = Williston | native_name = | other_name = | latd = 30 |latm = 21 |lats = | longd = 20 |longm = 55 |longs = | image_skyline = Dorpsbeeld_Williston.jpg | image_caption = Williston | province = Kapa Leboa | district = [[Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa|Namakwa]] | municipality = [[Mmušôgaê wa Karoo Hoogland|Karoo Hoogland]] | established_date = | government_type = <!-- Ward 00 --> | leader_party = ANC | leader_title = Councillor | leader_name = | elevation_m = | postal_code = 8920 | area_code = 053 | censuscode = 367001 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Williston''' ke toropo wa [[Mmušôgaê wa Karoo Hoogland]] go feta [[Mmasepala Setereke tša Namakwa]] ka moka [[Afrika Borwa]]. == Ditšhupetšo == {{reflist}} {{Namakwa District Municipality}} == Meago == === Kereke e Mpshafaditšwego ya Dutch === Kereke ya mathomo ya Dutch Reformed kua Williston e agilwe ka 1878, mola toropo ye e be e sa bitšwa ka leina la “Amandelboom”. Kereke ya Dutch Reformed ya maswika yeo e lego bogareng bja toropo e phethilwe ka 1912. Morutiši wa sekolo sa praemari, Mong J.H. Swart, yo a bego a dula kua Williston ka mengwaga ya bo-1930, o ile a thoma protšeke ye kgolo ya go bjala mehlare a thušwa ke barutwana ba gagwe. Ditsela tša Williston tšeo di sa dutšego di na le mehlare ka mahlakoreng ke bohlatse bja protšeke ye ya go bjala mehlare. <ref name="karoo-southafrica.co.za">{{Cite web |title=History of Williston |url=http://www.karoo-southafrica.co.za/?page_id=674 |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=www.karoo-southafrica.co.za}}</ref> [[Seswantšho:Dutch_Reformed_Church,_Williston.JPG|right|thumb| Kereke e Mpshafaditšwego ya Dutch kua Williston]] === Dintlo tša Corbelled === Dintlo tše di thomilego di agilwe ke balemirui ba mathomo kua Williston, Fraserburg le Carnarvon magareng ga 1811 le 1815. Ntlo ya Corbel e tšewa bjalo ka mokgwa wa mathomo wa go aga wo o ilego wa dirišwa ka leboa-bodikela bja Karoo. Lentšu “Corbelled” le hlaloša mokgwa wo maswika a kgoboketšwago ka wona nakong ya go aga meago ye. Balemirui ba be ba šomiša maswika a sephaphathi, ao a tlwaelegilego tikologong ye, go aga dintlo tše. Mabato a be a dirwa ka santa yeo e bego e tswakilwe le makhura a diphoofolo le madi. Ka morago lebato leo le be le pholišwa ka leswika le le sephaphathi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Corbel houses, Williston Information &#124; WhereToStay.co.za |url=https://www.wheretostay.co.za/topic/4400-corbel-houses |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=www.wheretostay.co.za}}</ref> [[Seswantšho:Corbelled_House_on_Grootfontein_Farm,_off_the_R63_interior_roof.JPG|right|thumb| Ka gare ga ntlo ya Corbel yeo e sa emego ka Williston]] g5079v6nz2r801jdxgrskuwu19byjjl 0 6656 55343 49803 2026-08-06T01:33:55Z ~2026-43370-09 8717 55343 wikitext text/x-wiki Letlakala le le laetša '''lenano la [[ngwagasome|mengwagasome]]'''. <center> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Ngwagasome !colspan="10"| Ngwagakgolo |- !colspan="11"| [[Ngwagakete 1]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 1]] | [[0s]] || [[10s]] || [[20s]] || [[30s]] || [[40s]] || [[50s]] || [[60s]] || [[70s]] || [[80s]] || [[90s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 2]] | [[100s]] || [[110s]] || [[120s]] || [[130s]] || [[140s]] || [[150s]] || [[160s]] || [[170s (decade)|170s]] || [[180s]] || [[190s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 3]] | [[200s (decade)|200s]] || [[210s]] || [[220s]] || [[230s]] || [[240s]] || [[250s]] || [[260s]] || [[270s]] || [[280s]] || [[290s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 4]] | [[300s]] || [[310s]] || [[320s]] || [[330s]] || [[340s (decade)|340s]] || [[350s]] || [[360s]] || [[370s]] || [[380s]] || [[390s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 5]] | [[400s]] || [[410s]] || [[420s]] || [[430s]] || [[440s]] || [[450s]] || [[460s (decade)|460s]] || [[470s]] || [[480s]] || [[490s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 6]] | [[500s]] || [[510s]] || [[520s]] || [[530s]] || [[540s]] || [[550s]] || [[560s]] || [[570s]] || [[580s (decade)|580s]] || [[590s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 7]] | [[600s]] || [[610s]] || [[620s]] || [[630s]] || [[640s]] || [[650s (decade)|650s]] || [[660s]] || [[670s]] || [[680s]] || [[690s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 8]] | [[700s]] || [[710s]] || [[720s]] || [[730s]] || [[740s]] || [[750s]] || [[760s]] || [[770s]] || [[780s]] || [[790s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 9]] | [[800s]] || [[810s]] || [[820s]] || [[830s]] || [[840s]] || [[850s]] || [[860s]] || [[870s]] || [[880s]] || [[890s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 10]] | [[900s]] || [[910s]] || [[920s]] || [[930s]] || [[940s]] || [[950s]] || [[960s]] || [[970s]] || [[980s]] || [[990s]] |- !colspan="11"| [[Ngwagakete 2]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 11]] | [[1000s]] || [[1010s]] || [[1020s]] || [[1030s]] || [[1040s]] || [[1050s]] || [[1060s]] || [[1070s]] || [[1080s]] || [[1090s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 12]] | [[1100s]] || [[1110s]] || [[1120s]] || [[1130s]] || [[1140s]] || [[1150s]] || [[1160s]] || [[1170s]] || [[1180s]] || [[1190s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 13]] | [[1200s]] || [[1210s]] || [[1220s]] || [[1230s]] || [[1240s]] || [[1250s]] || [[1260s]] || [[1270s]] || [[1280s]] || [[1290s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 14]] | [[1300s]] || [[1310s]] || [[1320s]] || [[1330s]] || [[1340s]] || [[1350s]] || [[1360s]] || [[1370s]] || [[1380s]] || [[1390s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 15]] | [[1400s]] || [[1410s]] || [[1420s]] || [[1430s]] || [[1440s]] || [[1450s]] || [[1460s]] || [[1470s]] || [[1480s]] || [[1490s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 16]] | [[1500s]] || [[1510s]] || [[1520s]] || [[1530s]] || [[1540s]] || [[1550s]] || [[1560s]] || [[1570s]] || [[1580s]] || [[1590s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 17]] | [[1600s]] || [[1610s]] || [[1620s]] || [[1630s]] || [[1640s]] || [[1650s]] || [[1660s]] || [[1670s]] || [[1680s]] || [[1690s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 18]] | [[1700s]] || [[1710s]] || [[1720s]] || [[1730s]] || [[1740s]] || [[1750s]] || [[1760s]] || [[1770s]] || [[1780s]] || [[1790s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 19]] | [[1800s]] || [[1810s]] || [[1820s]] || [[1830s]] || [[1840s]] || [[1850s]] || [[1860s]] || [[1870s]] || [[1880s]] || [[1890s]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 20]] | [[1900s]] || [[1910s]] || [[1920s]] || [[1930s]] || [[1940s]] || [[1950s]] || [[1960s]] || [[1970s]] || [[1980s]] || [[1990s]] |- !colspan="11"| [[Ngwagakete 3]] |- ! [[Ngwagakgolo 21]] | [[2000s]] || [[2010s]] || '''[[2020s]]''' || [[2030s]] || [[2040s]] || [[2050s]] || [[2060s]] || [[2070s]] || [[2080s]] || [[2090s]] |} </center> [[Setensele:Ngwaga]] [[Setensele:Ngwagasome]] 17e44ozf9gj0gh4inr2wgjcfxdybib5 0 12776 55345 52793 2026-08-06T08:10:28Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Origins" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360854049|Sanga cattle]]" 55345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dikgomo tša Sanga''' ke leina la kopanelo la dikgomo tša setlogo tša dilete tše dingwe ka Afrika. Ka dinako tše dingwe di hlaolwa bjalo ka mohuta wa ka fasana wo o nago le leina la mahlale la '''''Bos taurus africanus'''''. Tlogamorago ya bona ya go aga le ruo ka gae le mathomo a bona kahlanong le dikgomo tša taurine, dikgomo tša zebu (indicine), le phapano ya setlogo ya Afrika ya di -auroch tša '''bagologolo''' ke taba yeo go ngangišanwago ka yona. "African taurine", "sanga", "zenga", "sheko", "African indicine" ka moka ke dihlopha tše nnyane tša dikgomo tša [[Sangoma, Limpopo|Sanga]].<ref>https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v23/n03/edward-luttwak/sane-cows-or-bse-isn-t-the-worst-of-it</ref> == Ditšhupetšo == == Origins == Phefo (sekga sa nako) sa histori ya bona se tšhutiso e buišwago kudu.   Kopano ya dithuto tša lefutšo (genetics) le nyakišišo ya tša di epšwa tša bogologolo (archaeology), go akaretšwa le histori ya setšo (cultural history), e hlakodišitše potšišo ya tšimologo e raraganego ya dikgomo tša Sanga mengwaga ye mebedi e fetilego. === Mathomo a dikgomo tša Taurine tša Afrika === <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  ==== Bohlatse bja boepa bja marope ==== Dikarolo tša mmele (morphological) tša dikgomo tša pele tša Sanga, tšeo di nago le dinaka tša go swana le sehare sa mmino (lyre-shaped horns), di bontšhitšwe go diphente tša marako tša Egepeta ya bogologolo.”Morphological features of early Sanga cattle, such as lyre-shaped horns, are depicted on murals of Ancient Egypt. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Kgopolo ya mathomo a go tlišwa go tlšwa tokologong ya Bohlabela bja kgauswi ==== Palo ya dikgomo tša Afrika ya lehono e tšwa go tediša tlhago tše dikgolo tše tharo go tšwa Asia: Kgomo ya pele yeo e ilego ya tsenela Afrika, kgomo ya humpless longhorn (B. t. longifrons), e fihlile mo e ka bago ka dikete tše 5 tša nywaga pele ga Kriste (5000 BC). Ba ile ba latela ka morago ke humpless shorthorn (B. t. brachyceros) ka morago ga nywaga e ka bago dikete tše 2,5, gomme mafelelong zebu ya dihumpo (B. indicus) e fihlile mo e ka bago ka 1500 BC.Ka fao, dikgomo tša Sanga di tšwa pele go tšwa go aurochs e e bego e godeditšwe gae/ya godiswa ka Bogare bja Yuropa (Near East). Ge di be di tlišitswe ka Egipita nywaga e ka bago e ka nywaga e 8 000 e e fetilego, di ile tša namela gohle mo Sahara, yeo ka nako yeo e bego e sa le botala, e be e tlo di ya le go fihla le Afrika Bodikela.   Badiši ba dikgomo ba ba dulago kua Aforika Bokgabo/bo Leboa (North Africa) ba ile ba ralala ba dumelela dikgomo tša bona tša lapeng go tlo nyalana le aurochs tše di bego di le mošokeng wa naga tša Afrika tšeo di bego di fapana ka merafe go fapana le magato a yona, e lego ka mela yeo e amago botate le ka yeo e amago bomme. Mo go tšwelela ga tsela yeo ya go amana ka nako e telele go bonagala gape ka go fapana ga diphatsa tša lefutšo (genetics) tša dikgomo tša Sanga go tšwa go dikgomo tša Yuropa/ba ba lego Near East, gammogo le go tšwa go dikgomo tša Zebu tša India. Ge o rata, mpotše gore o nyaka e be e le ka Sepedi ya molao (academic) goba e le ya tsela ya setšhaba (e bonolo). Ka fa go bjalo, go ile gwa tsebiswa diphetogo tše kgethegilego go ya ka tlelaemete ya Afrika le maemo ao a lebelelago a sebopego sa dikgomo tša Sanga. Ba taurine ba Afrika ba tsewa ba tseelwa ka go ba le dihlaga tse dinnye mo mageng a kholara le thorax (cervicothoracic humps) tse di tshwanang le tse di bonwang mo aurochs ya naga (wild), go e na le diphuphu tše dikgolo tša kgopša ya sefuba tšeo di tsebjago ka Zebu. Go e na le gore dikgomo di ruilwe le go tlhokomelwa (go di tlhomelela mogae) mo lefelong la Tadrart Acacus, dikgomo tse di ruilweng di ka bo di ile tsa tsewa/tsa tlisiwa mo lefelong leo.. nldjmmjfe0fmbehyv5wwdf19rdm0hqm 55346 55345 2026-08-06T08:13:48Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Origins" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360854049|Sanga cattle]]" 55346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dikgomo tša Sanga''' ke leina la kopanelo la dikgomo tša setlogo tša dilete tše dingwe ka Afrika. Ka dinako tše dingwe di hlaolwa bjalo ka mohuta wa ka fasana wo o nago le leina la mahlale la '''''Bos taurus africanus'''''. Tlogamorago ya bona ya go aga le ruo ka gae le mathomo a bona kahlanong le dikgomo tša taurine, dikgomo tša zebu (indicine), le phapano ya setlogo ya Afrika ya di -auroch tša '''bagologolo''' ke taba yeo go ngangišanwago ka yona. "African taurine", "sanga", "zenga", "sheko", "African indicine" ka moka ke dihlopha tše nnyane tša dikgomo tša [[Sangoma, Limpopo|Sanga]].<ref>https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v23/n03/edward-luttwak/sane-cows-or-bse-isn-t-the-worst-of-it</ref> == Ditšhupetšo == == Origins == Phefo (sekga sa nako) sa histori ya bona se tšhutiso e buišwago kudu.   Kopano ya dithuto tša lefutšo (genetics) le nyakišišo ya tša di epšwa tša bogologolo (archaeology), go akaretšwa le histori ya setšo (cultural history), e hlakodišitše potšišo ya tšimologo e raraganego ya dikgomo tša Sanga mengwaga ye mebedi e fetilego. === Mathomo a dikgomo tša Taurine tša Afrika === <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  ==== Bohlatse bja boepa bja marope ==== Dikarolo tša mmele (morphological) tša dikgomo tša pele tša Sanga, tšeo di nago le dinaka tša go swana le sehare sa mmino (lyre-shaped horns), di bontšhitšwe go diphente tša marako tša Egepeta ya bogologolo.”Morphological features of early Sanga cattle, such as lyre-shaped horns, are depicted on murals of Ancient Egypt. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Kgopolo ya mathomo a go tlišwa go tlšwa tokologong ya Bohlabela bja kgauswi ==== Palo ya dikgomo tša Afrika ya lehono e tšwa go tediša tlhago tše dikgolo tše tharo go tšwa Asia: Kgomo ya pele yeo e ilego ya tsenela Afrika, kgomo ya humpless longhorn (B. t. longifrons), e fihlile mo e ka bago ka dikete tše 5 tša nywaga pele ga Kriste (5000 BC). Ba ile ba latela ka morago ke humpless shorthorn (B. t. brachyceros) ka morago ga nywaga e ka bago dikete tše 2,5, gomme mafelelong zebu ya dihumpo (B. indicus) e fihlile mo e ka bago ka 1500 BC.Ka fao, dikgomo tša Sanga di tšwa pele go tšwa go aurochs e e bego e godeditšwe gae/ya godiswa ka Bogare bja Yuropa (Near East). Ge di be di tlišitswe ka Egipita nywaga e ka bago e ka nywaga e 8 000 e e fetilego, di ile tša namela gohle mo Sahara, yeo ka nako yeo e bego e sa le botala, e be e tlo di ya le go fihla le Afrika Bodikela.   Badiši ba dikgomo ba ba dulago kua Aforika Bokgabo/bo Leboa (North Africa) ba ile ba ralala ba dumelela dikgomo tša bona tša lapeng go tlo nyalana le aurochs tše di bego di le mošokeng wa naga tša Afrika tšeo di bego di fapana ka merafe go fapana le magato a yona, e lego ka mela yeo e amago botate le ka yeo e amago bomme. Mo go tšwelela ga tsela yeo ya go amana ka nako e telele go bonagala gape ka go fapana ga diphatsa tša lefutšo (genetics) tša dikgomo tša Sanga go tšwa go dikgomo tša Yuropa/ba ba lego Near East, gammogo le go tšwa go dikgomo tša Zebu tša India. Ge o rata, mpotše gore o nyaka e be e le ka Sepedi ya molao (academic) goba e le ya tsela ya setšhaba (e bonolo). Ka fa go bjalo, go ile gwa tsebiswa diphetogo tše kgethegilego go ya ka tlelaemete ya Afrika le maemo ao a lebelelago a sebopego sa dikgomo tša Sanga. Ba taurine ba Afrika ba tsewa ba tseelwa ka go ba le dihlaga tse dinnye mo mageng a kholara le thorax (cervicothoracic humps) tse di tshwanang le tse di bonwang mo aurochs ya naga (wild), go e na le diphuphu tše dikgolo tša kgopša ya sefuba tšeo di tsebjago ka Zebu. Go e na le gore dikgomo di ruilwe le go tlhokomelwa (go di tlhomelela mogae) mo lefelong la Tadrart Acacus, dikgomo tse di ruilweng di ka bo di ile tsa tsewa/tsa tlisiwa mo lefelong leo.. == Origins == Phefo (sekga sa nako) sa histori ya bona se tšhutiso e buišwago kudu.   Kopano ya dithuto tša lefutšo (genetics) le nyakišišo ya tša di epšwa tša bogologolo (archaeology), go akaretšwa le histori ya setšo (cultural history), e hlakodišitše potšišo ya tšimologo e raraganego ya dikgomo tša Sanga mengwaga ye mebedi e fetilego. === Mathomo a dikgomo tša Taurine tša Afrika === <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  ==== Bohlatse bja boepa bja marope ==== Dikarolo tša mmele (morphological) tša dikgomo tša pele tša Sanga, tšeo di nago le dinaka tša go swana le sehare sa mmino (lyre-shaped horns), di bontšhitšwe go diphente tša marako tša Egepeta ya bogologolo.”Morphological features of early Sanga cattle, such as lyre-shaped horns, are depicted on murals of Ancient Egypt. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Kgopolo ya mathomo a go tlišwa go tlšwa tokologong ya Bohlabela bja kgauswi ==== Palo ya dikgomo tša Afrika ya lehono e tšwa go tediša tlhago tše dikgolo tše tharo go tšwa Asia: Kgomo ya pele yeo e ilego ya tsenela Afrika, kgomo ya humpless longhorn (B. t. longifrons), e fihlile mo e ka bago ka dikete tše 5 tša nywaga pele ga Kriste (5000 BC). Ba ile ba latela ka morago ke humpless shorthorn (B. t. brachyceros) ka morago ga nywaga e ka bago dikete tše 2,5, gomme mafelelong zebu ya dihumpo (B. indicus) e fihlile mo e ka bago ka 1500 BC.Ka fao, dikgomo tša Sanga di tšwa pele go tšwa go aurochs e e bego e godeditšwe gae/ya godiswa ka Bogare bja Yuropa (Near East). Ge di be di tlišitswe ka Egipita nywaga e ka bago e ka nywaga e 8 000 e e fetilego, di ile tša namela gohle mo Sahara, yeo ka nako yeo e bego e sa le botala, e be e tlo di ya le go fihla le Afrika Bodikela.   Badiši ba dikgomo ba ba dulago kua Aforika Bokgabo/bo Leboa (North Africa) ba ile ba ralala ba dumelela dikgomo tša bona tša lapeng go tlo nyalana le aurochs tše di bego di le mošokeng wa naga tša Afrika tšeo di bego di fapana ka merafe go fapana le magato a yona, e lego ka mela yeo e amago botate le ka yeo e amago bomme. Mo go tšwelela ga tsela yeo ya go amana ka nako e telele go bonagala gape ka go fapana ga diphatsa tša lefutšo (genetics) tša dikgomo tša Sanga go tšwa go dikgomo tša Yuropa/ba ba lego Near East, gammogo le go tšwa go dikgomo tša Zebu tša India. Ge o rata, mpotše gore o nyaka e be e le ka Sepedi ya molao (academic) goba e le ya tsela ya setšhaba (e bonolo). Ka fa go bjalo, go ile gwa tsebiswa diphetogo tše kgethegilego go ya ka tlelaemete ya Afrika le maemo ao a lebelelago a sebopego sa dikgomo tša Sanga. Ba taurine ba Afrika ba tsewa ba tseelwa ka go ba le dihlaga tse dinnye mo mageng a kholara le thorax (cervicothoracic humps) tse di tshwanang le tse di bonwang mo aurochs ya naga (wild), go e na le diphuphu tše dikgolo tša kgopša ya sefuba tšeo di tsebjago ka Zebu. Go e na le gore dikgomo di ruilwe le go tlhokomelwa (go di tlhomelela mogae) mo lefelong la Tadrart Acacus, dikgomo tse di ruilweng di ka bo di ile tsa tsewa/tsa tlisiwa mo lefelong leo. . et2hg382vmgjgxvw8q9l56fsmipwj5u 2 13647 55352 55268 2026-08-06T09:39:16Z Patience02 8394 55352 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina laka ke Patience02 [[Mošomi:Patience02/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Mošomi:Patience02/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 3]] - s9alzxpfmbp2sp0g2lkz2l4fzu3xs3v 2 13656 55354 55204 2026-08-06T11:34:52Z Purplespeedy 8404 added a new article 55354 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la ka ke Purplespeedy [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Botlhokwa bja setjo sa sepedi|draft 3]] mxu3f6inm51xjnwen1d2i3wf46t2teo 0 13938 55350 2026-08-06T09:24:37Z Patience02 8394 Tlhodile letlakala ka ' = Bohlokwa bja koma profenseng ya Limpopo = '''Koma''' ka gare ga profense ya [[Limpopo]], ga se moletlo feela wa go bina le go rupa, eupša ke akatemi e phakgameng ya tholego yeo e bopago setho, maitshwaro, le semoya sa setšhaba. Limpopo ke e nngwe ya diprofense tšeo di sa swerego setšo se ka bophara le ka tlhompho e kgolo gare ga merafe e fapanego go swana le Bapedi, Vhavenda, le Vatsonga. Mo mehleng ya bjale ya tšwelopele le go fetoga ga dinako, thuto ye ya s...' 55350 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bohlokwa bja koma profenseng ya Limpopo = '''Koma''' ka gare ga profense ya [[Limpopo]], ga se moletlo feela wa go bina le go rupa, eupša ke akatemi e phakgameng ya tholego yeo e bopago setho, maitshwaro, le semoya sa setšhaba. Limpopo ke e nngwe ya diprofense tšeo di sa swerego setšo se ka bophara le ka tlhompho e kgolo gare ga merafe e fapanego go swana le Bapedi, Vhavenda, le Vatsonga. Mo mehleng ya bjale ya tšwelopele le go fetoga ga dinako, thuto ye ya setšo e dula e le tšhupatsela ye bohlokwa go tšwetša pele mahlale a setho sa [[Afrika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0">Sedibe, M. (2020). Exploring traditional male initiates at an initiation school in Limpopo Province, South Africa: Cultural health practices. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg. ResearchGate. Available at: <nowiki>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/Exploring_Traditional_Male_Initiates_at_An_Initiation_School_in_Limpopo_Province_South_Africa_Cultural_Health_Practices</nowiki> (researchgate.net in Bing)</ref> [[https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seswantšho:Traditional_Bapedi_initiation_schools_are_conducted_over_a_period_of_time_(_four_weeks_)_in_secluded_areas_away_from_settlements,_which_are_often_referred_to_as_"the_bush"_or_"the_mountain_".jpg|link=Seswantšho:Traditional_Bapedi_initiation_schools_are_conducted_over_a_period_of_time_(_four_weeks_)_in_secluded_areas_away_from_settlements,_which_are_often_referred_to_as_"the_bush"_or_"the_mountain_".jpg|thumb|'''Seswantšho sa Koma ya Bapedi ya basadi''']] Koma e šoma bjalo ka mollwane o tsepamego o aroganyago nako ya bošemane goba bosetsana le nako ya go tsena ga bogolo bjo bo tletšego. Pele mofsa a tsena thutong ye, o tšewa bjalo ka ngwana yo a se nago lentšu mererong e tseneletšego ya lapa le motse. Ka morago ga go aloga, barupedi ba boa gae ba na le maemo a mafsa a semolao le a leago, ba fiwa le maina a mafsa a bogolo ga mmogo le a direto. Phetogo ye e ba tlišetša boikarabelo bjo bofsa bja go hloma malapa, go rwala ditiro tša metse, le go ba bašireletši ba merafe ya bona.<ref>Badugela, T.M. (2024). A deep dive into knowledge: Unveiling perspectives of African teenage boys regarding initiation schools. E-Journal of Religious and Theological Studies, 10(6), pp.79–88. University of Venda. DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.20241068</nowiki></ref> Lefaseng le le hlabologang ka lebelo le le tletšego ka ditshepedišo tša boditšhabatšhaba, koma ka Limpopo ke sedirišwa se maatla sa go tekološa menagano le go boloka boitšhupo bja setšhaba. Ka gare ga thuto ye ya sephiri, bagolo ba fetišetša histori ya dika le dikoša tša kgale, mmino wa metšo, le tlotlontšu yeo e sa rutiwego dikolong tša kakaretšo. Gape, go bopša ga mephato goba dithaka go hlohleletša maina a matla ao a dula bophelo ka moka, mo e le gore barupedi ba thušana le go šomana mmogo tšwelopeleng ya maphelo a bona.<ref name=":0" /> Mooko o mogolo wa thuto ya koma o tsepame godimo ga go aga maitshwaro le go lwantšha mathata a leago, kudu dikgaruru tše tša bong (Gender-Based Violence). Barupedi ba banna ba rutwa ka botlalo gore maatla a monna ga a bontšhwe ka go tlaiša basadi le bana, eupša ka go ba šireletša le go ba fepela. Ka nako e tee, go fetišetšwa thuto e tseneletšego ya maphelo a thobalano le ka fao motho a swanetšego go itlhokomela sethong sa gagwe gore a phele bophelo bjo bo hlwekilego gomme a age lapa la go kgotsofatsa ka moso. <ref>Mabunda, D.Q. & van Graan, J. (2022). Injury, violence, and crime prevention at cultural male initiation schools in Giyani and Malamulele in Limpopo Province, South Africa. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 29(3), pp.289–299. DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2021.2023194</nowiki> (doi.org in Bing)</ref> Le ge go le bjalo, go tšwelela ga dikolo tša koma tše di sego molaong tšeo di rutilweng ke batho ba ba nago le megabaru ya tšhelete go hlotse dikolofelo tše šoro le mahu gare ga bafsa. Se se gapeleditše Mmušo wa Profense ya Limpopo ka tšhomišano le Lefapha la pušo ya tirišano le merero ya bolaodi le Magoši a motse go tiša melao ka fase ga [[Limpopo]] Initiation Schools Act<ref>Limpopo Province. (2016). Limpopo Initiation Schools Act, 2016 (Act No. 6 of 2016). LawLibrary of South Africa. Available at: <nowiki>https://lawlibrary.org.za/akn/za-lp/act/2016/6/eng@2018-08-10</nowiki> (lawlibrary.org.za in Bing)</ref>. Melao ye e laela gore sekolo sengwe le sengwe se be le laesense e molaong, barupedi ba be le dingwaga tše di dumeletšwego, ba be le ditumelelo tša go ngwalwa ke batswadi, gape ba hlahlobje ke dingaka tša kalafo pele ba eya thabeng go netefatša gore maphelo a bona a šireletšegile. == Ditšhupetšo == # https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2021.2023194 # https://lawlibrary.org.za/akn/za-lp/act/2016/6/eng@2018-08-10 # https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.20241068 t9d3unbzb8750wcxdb3qdmvk787fwoh 55351 55350 2026-08-06T09:30:44Z Patience02 8394 55351 wikitext text/x-wiki = Bohlokwa bja koma profenseng ya Limpopo = '''Koma''' ka gare ga profense ya [[Limpopo]], ga se moletlo feela wa go bina le go rupa, eupša ke akatemi e phakgameng ya tholego yeo e bopago setho, maitshwaro, le semoya sa setšhaba. Limpopo ke e nngwe ya diprofense tšeo di sa swerego setšo se ka bophara le ka tlhompho e kgolo gare ga merafe e fapanego go swana le Bapedi, Vhavenda, le Vatsonga. Mo mehleng ya bjale ya tšwelopele le go fetoga ga dinako, thuto ye ya setšo e dula e le tšhupatsela ye bohlokwa go tšwetša pele mahlale a setho sa [[Afrika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0">Sedibe, M. (2020). Exploring traditional male initiates at an initiation school in Limpopo Province, South Africa: Cultural health practices. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg. ResearchGate. Available at: <nowiki>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/Exploring_Traditional_Male_Initiates_at_An_Initiation_School_in_Limpopo_Province_South_Africa_Cultural_Health_Practices</nowiki> (researchgate.net in Bing)</ref> Koma e šoma bjalo ka mollwane o tsepamego o aroganyago nako ya bošemane goba bosetsana le nako ya go tsena ga bogolo bjo bo tletšego. Pele mofsa a tsena thutong ye, o tšewa bjalo ka ngwana yo a se nago lentšu mererong e tseneletšego ya lapa le motse. Ka morago ga go aloga, barupedi ba boa gae ba na le maemo a mafsa a semolao le a leago, ba fiwa le maina a mafsa a bogolo ga mmogo le a direto. Phetogo ye e ba tlišetša boikarabelo bjo bofsa bja go hloma malapa, go rwala ditiro tša metse, le go ba bašireletši ba merafe ya bona.<ref>Badugela, T.M. (2024). A deep dive into knowledge: Unveiling perspectives of African teenage boys regarding initiation schools. E-Journal of Religious and Theological Studies, 10(6), pp.79–88. University of Venda. DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.20241068</nowiki></ref> [[Seswantšho:Traditional Bapedi initiation schools are conducted over a period of time ( four weeks ) in secluded areas away from settlements, which are often referred to as "the bush" or "the mountain ".jpg|thumb|'''Seswantšho sa koma ya Bapedi''']] Lefaseng le le hlabologang ka lebelo le le tletšego ka ditshepedišo tša boditšhabatšhaba, koma ka Limpopo ke sedirišwa se maatla sa go tekološa menagano le go boloka boitšhupo bja setšhaba. Ka gare ga thuto ye ya sephiri, bagolo ba fetišetša histori ya dika le dikoša tša kgale, mmino wa metšo, le tlotlontšu yeo e sa rutiwego dikolong tša kakaretšo. Gape, go bopša ga mephato goba dithaka go hlohleletša maina a matla ao a dula bophelo ka moka, mo e le gore barupedi ba thušana le go šomana mmogo tšwelopeleng ya maphelo a bona.<ref name=":0" /> Mooko o mogolo wa thuto ya koma o tsepame godimo ga go aga maitshwaro le go lwantšha mathata a leago, kudu dikgaruru tše tša bong (Gender-Based Violence). Barupedi ba banna ba rutwa ka botlalo gore maatla a monna ga a bontšhwe ka go tlaiša basadi le bana, eupša ka go ba šireletša le go ba fepela. Ka nako e tee, go fetišetšwa thuto e tseneletšego ya maphelo a thobalano le ka fao motho a swanetšego go itlhokomela sethong sa gagwe gore a phele bophelo bjo bo hlwekilego gomme a age lapa la go kgotsofatsa ka moso. <ref>Mabunda, D.Q. & van Graan, J. (2022). Injury, violence, and crime prevention at cultural male initiation schools in Giyani and Malamulele in Limpopo Province, South Africa. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 29(3), pp.289–299. DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2021.2023194</nowiki> (doi.org in Bing)</ref> Le ge go le bjalo, go tšwelela ga dikolo tša koma tše di sego molaong tšeo di rutilweng ke batho ba ba nago le megabaru ya tšhelete go hlotse dikolofelo tše šoro le mahu gare ga bafsa. Se se gapeleditše Mmušo wa Profense ya Limpopo ka tšhomišano le Lefapha la pušo ya tirišano le merero ya bolaodi le Magoši a motse go tiša melao ka fase ga [[Limpopo]] Initiation Schools Act<ref>Limpopo Province. (2016). Limpopo Initiation Schools Act, 2016 (Act No. 6 of 2016). LawLibrary of South Africa. Available at: <nowiki>https://lawlibrary.org.za/akn/za-lp/act/2016/6/eng@2018-08-10</nowiki> (lawlibrary.org.za in Bing)</ref>. Melao ye e laela gore sekolo sengwe le sengwe se be le laesense e molaong, barupedi ba be le dingwaga tše di dumeletšwego, ba be le ditumelelo tša go ngwalwa ke batswadi, gape ba hlahlobje ke dingaka tša kalafo pele ba eya thabeng go netefatša gore maphelo a bona a šireletšegile. == Ditšhupetšo == # https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2021.2023194 # https://lawlibrary.org.za/akn/za-lp/act/2016/6/eng@2018-08-10 # https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.20241068 o8fnugsov93dwbe9z8sjbgjrrbt3389 0 13939 55355 2026-08-06T11:47:36Z Purplespeedy 8404 added a new article 55355 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref group="bapedi">bapedi</ref> guf6pagmubick52c1xftuhz9021sjk5 55356 55355 2026-08-06T11:49:17Z Purplespeedy 8404 added links 55356 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref group="bapedi">Bapedi</ref> e1aydd74cfkc32dyn5pihxla94g7yza 55357 55356 2026-08-06T11:50:20Z Purplespeedy 8404 added a new article 55357 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref group="bapedi">Bapedi</ref> [[Setensele:Culture]] mzun45o4ctengjzg4573se5zw6ngxk4 55358 55357 2026-08-06T11:54:32Z Purplespeedy 8404 added links 55358 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref group="bapedi">[https://www.yellowsubtrading.co.za/products/sepedi-traditional-ankara-pleated-dress Sepedi Traditional Ankara Pleated Dress | Yellow Sub Trading – YELLOW SUB TRADING]</ref> [[Setensele:Culture]] dl1o1m27p6fn9il2w9jsulyjtv16uaf