Wikipedia nsowiki https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letlakala_la_pele MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Bolediša Mošomi Boledišana le Mošomi Wikipedia Dipolelo tša Wikipedia Seswantšho Poledišano ya Seswantšho MediaWiki Poledišano ya MediaWiki Template Poledišano ya Template Thušo Poledišano ya Thušo Setensele Poledišano ya Setensele TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 392 55361 53245 2026-08-06T12:15:15Z ~2026-43370-09 8717 55361 wikitext text/x-wiki Letlakala le le laetša '''[[Ngwaga|mengwaga]]'''. <!--Each year is annotated with a significant event as a reference point.--> {{TOC right}} == [[Ngwagakete 3]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 22]] === :[[2110]] - [[2109]] - [[2108]] - [[2107]] - [[2106]] - [[2105]] - [[2104]] - [[2103]] - [[2102]] - [[2101]] === [[Ngwagakolo 21]] === :[[2100]] - [[2099]] - [[2098]] - [[2097]] - [[2096]] - [[2095]] - [[2094]] - [[2093]] - [[2092]] - [[2091]] :[[2090]] - [[2089]] - [[2088]] - [[2087]] - [[2086]] - [[2085]] - [[2084]] - [[2083]] - [[2082]] - [[2081]] :[[2080]] - [[2079]] - [[2078]] - [[2077]] - [[2076]] - [[2075]] - [[2074]] - [[2073]] - [[2072]] - [[2071]] :[[2070]] - [[2069]] - [[2068]] - [[2067]] - [[2066]] - [[2065]] - [[2064]] - [[2063]] - [[2062]] - [[2061]] :[[2060]] - [[2059]] - [[2058]] - [[2057]] - [[2056]] - [[2055]] - [[2054]] - [[2053]] - [[2052]] - [[2051]] :[[2050]] - [[2049]] - [[2048]] - [[2047]] - [[2046]] - [[2045]] - [[2044]] - [[2043]] - [[2042]] - [[2041]] :[[2040]] - [[2039]] - [[2038]] - [[2037]] - [[2036]] - [[2035]] - [[2034]] - [[2033]] - [[2032]] - [[2031]] :[[2030]] - [[2029]] - [[2028]] - [[2027]] - [[2026]] - '''[[2025]]''' - [[2024]] - [[2023]] - [[2022]] - [[2021]] :[[2020]] - [[2019]] - [[2018]] - [[2017]] - [[2016]] - [[2015]] - [[2014]] - [[2013]] - [[2012]] - [[2011]] :[[2010]] - [[2009]] - [[2008]] - [[2007]] - [[2006]] - [[2005]] - [[2004]] - [[2003]] - [[2002]] - [[2001]] == [[Ngwagakete 2]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 20]] === :[[2000]] - [[1999]] - [[1998]] - [[1997]] - [[1996]] - [[1995]] - [[1994]] - [[1993]] - [[1992]] - [[1991]] :[[1990]] - [[1989]] - [[1988]] - [[1987]] - [[1986]] - [[1985]] - [[1984]] - [[1983]] - [[1982]] - [[1981]] :[[1980]] - [[1979]] - [[1978]] - [[1977]] - [[1976]] - [[1975]] - [[1974]] - [[1973]] - [[1972]] - [[1971]] :[[1970]] - [[1969]] - [[1968]] - [[1967]] - [[1966]] - [[1965]] - [[1964]] - [[1963]] - [[1962]] - [[1961]] :[[1960]] - [[1959]] - [[1958]] - [[1957]] - [[1956]] - [[1955]] - [[1954]] - [[1953]] - [[1952]] - [[1951]] :[[1950]] - [[1949]] - [[1948]] - [[1947]] - [[1946]] - [[1945]] - [[1944]] - [[1943]] - [[1942]] - [[1941]] :[[1940]] - [[1939]] - [[1938]] - [[1937]] - [[1936]] - [[1935]] - [[1934]] - [[1933]] - [[1932]] - [[1931]] :[[1930]] - [[1929]] - [[1928]] - [[1927]] - [[1926]] - [[1925]] - [[1924]] - [[1923]] - [[1922]] - [[1921]] :[[1920]] - [[1919]] - [[1918]] - [[1917]] - [[1916]] - [[1915]] - [[1914]] - [[1913]] - [[1912]] - [[1911]] :[[1910]] - [[1909]] - [[1908]] - [[1907]] - [[1906]] - [[1905]] - [[1904]] - [[1903]] - [[1902]] - [[1901]] === [[Ngwagakolo 19]] === :[[1900]] - [[1899]] - [[1898]] - [[1897]] - [[1896]] - [[1895]] - [[1894]] - [[1893]] - [[1892]] - [[1891]] :[[1890]] - [[1889]] - [[1888]] - [[1887]] - [[1886]] - [[1885]] - [[1884]] - [[1883]] - [[1882]] - [[1881]] :[[1880]] - [[1879]] - [[1878]] - [[1877]] - [[1876]] - [[1875]] - [[1874]] - [[1873]] - [[1872]] - [[1871]] :[[1870]] - [[1869]] - [[1868]] - [[1867]] - [[1866]] - [[1865]] - [[1864]] - [[1863]] - [[1862]] - [[1861]] :[[1860]] - [[1859]] - [[1858]] - [[1857]] - [[1856]] - [[1855]] - [[1854]] - [[1853]] - [[1852]] - [[1851]] :[[1850]] - [[1849]] - [[1848]] - [[1847]] - [[1846]] - [[1845]] - [[1844]] - [[1843]] - [[1842]] - [[1841]] :[[1840]] - [[1839]] - [[1838]] - [[1837]] - [[1836]] - [[1835]] - [[1834]] - [[1833]] - [[1832]] - [[1831]] :[[1830]] - [[1829]] - [[1828]] - [[1827]] - [[1826]] - [[1825]] - [[1824]] - [[1823]] - [[1822]] - [[1821]] :[[1820]] - [[1819]] - [[1818]] - [[1817]] - [[1816]] - [[1815]] - [[1814]] - [[1813]] - [[1812]] - [[1811]] :[[1810]] - [[1809]] - [[1808]] - [[1807]] - [[1806]] - [[1805]] - [[1804]] - [[1803]] - [[1802]] - [[1801]] === [[Ngwagakolo 18]] === :[[1800]] - [[1799]] - [[1798]] - [[1797]] - [[1796]] - [[1795]] - [[1794]] - [[1793]] - [[1792]] - [[1791]] :[[1790]] - [[1789]] - [[1788]] - [[1787]] - [[1786]] - [[1785]] - [[1784]] - [[1783]] - [[1782]] - [[1781]] :[[1780]] - [[1779]] - [[1778]] - [[1777]] - [[1776]] - [[1775]] - [[1774]] - [[1773]] - [[1772]] - [[1771]] :[[1770]] - [[1769]] - [[1768]] - [[1767]] - [[1766]] - [[1765]] - [[1764]] - [[1763]] - [[1762]] - [[1761]] :[[1760]] - [[1759]] - [[1758]] - [[1757]] - [[1756]] - [[1755]] - [[1754]] - [[1753]] - [[1752]] - [[1751]] :[[1750]] - [[1749]] - [[1748]] - [[1747]] - [[1746]] - [[1745]] - [[1744]] - [[1743]] - [[1742]] - [[1741]] :[[1740]] - [[1739]] - [[1738]] - [[1737]] - [[1736]] - [[1735]] - [[1734]] - [[1733]] - [[1732]] - [[1731]] :[[1730]] - [[1729]] - [[1728]] - [[1727]] - [[1726]] - [[1725]] - [[1724]] - [[1723]] - [[1722]] - [[1721]] :[[1720]] - [[1719]] - [[1718]] - [[1717]] - [[1716]] - [[1715]] - [[1714]] - [[1713]] - [[1712]] - [[1711]] :[[1710]] - [[1709]] - [[1708]] - [[1707]] - [[1706]] - [[1705]] - [[1704]] - [[1703]] - [[1702]] - [[1701]] === [[Ngwagakolo 17]] === :[[1700]] - [[1699]] - [[1698]] - [[1697]] - [[1696]] - [[1695]] - [[1694]] - [[1693]] - [[1692]] - [[1691]] :[[1690]] - [[1689]] - [[1688]] - [[1687]] - [[1686]] - [[1685]] - [[1684]] - [[1683]] - [[1682]] - [[1681]] :[[1680]] - [[1679]] - [[1678]] - [[1677]] - [[1676]] - [[1675]] - [[1674]] - [[1673]] - [[1672]] - [[1671]] :[[1670]] - [[1669]] - [[1668]] - [[1667]] - [[1666]] - [[1665]] - [[1664]] - [[1663]] - [[1662]] - [[1661]] :[[1660]] - [[1659]] - [[1658]] - [[1657]] - [[1656]] - [[1655]] - [[1654]] - [[1653]] - [[1652]] - [[1651]] :[[1650]] - [[1649]] - [[1648]] - [[1647]] - [[1646]] - [[1645]] - [[1644]] - [[1643]] - [[1642]] - [[1641]] :[[1640]] - [[1639]] - [[1638]] - [[1637]] - [[1636]] - [[1635]] - [[1634]] - [[1633]] - [[1632]] - [[1631]] :[[1630]] - [[1629]] - [[1628]] - [[1627]] - [[1626]] - [[1625]] - [[1624]] - [[1623]] - [[1622]] - [[1621]] :[[1620]] - [[1619]] - [[1618]] - [[1617]] - [[1616]] - [[1615]] - [[1614]] - [[1613]] - [[1612]] - [[1611]] :[[1610]] - [[1609]] - [[1608]] - [[1607]] - [[1606]] - [[1605]] - [[1604]] - [[1603]] - [[1602]] - [[1601]] === [[Ngwagakolo 16]] === :[[1600]] - [[1599]] - [[1598]] - [[1597]] - [[1596]] - [[1595]] - [[1594]] - [[1593]] - [[1592]] - [[1591]] :[[1590]] - [[1589]] - [[1588]] - [[1587]] - [[1586]] - [[1585]] - [[1584]] - [[1583]] - [[1582]] - [[1581]] :[[1580]] - [[1579]] - [[1578]] - [[1577]] - [[1576]] - [[1575]] - [[1574]] - [[1573]] - [[1572]] - [[1571]] :[[1570]] - [[1569]] - [[1568]] - [[1567]] - [[1566]] - [[1565]] - [[1564]] - [[1563]] - [[1562]] - [[1561]] :[[1560]] - [[1559]] - [[1558]] - [[1557]] - [[1556]] - [[1555]] - [[1554]] - [[1553]] - [[1552]] - [[1551]] :[[1550]] - [[1549]] - [[1548]] - [[1547]] - [[1546]] - [[1545]] - [[1544]] - [[1543]] - [[1542]] - [[1541]] :[[1540]] - [[1539]] - [[1538]] - [[1537]] - [[1536]] - [[1535]] - [[1534]] - [[1533]] - [[1532]] - [[1531]] :[[1530]] - [[1529]] - [[1528]] - [[1527]] - [[1526]] - [[1525]] - [[1524]] - [[1523]] - [[1522]] - [[1521]] :[[1520]] - [[1519]] - [[1518]] - [[1517]] - [[1516]] - [[1515]] - [[1514]] - [[1513]] - [[1512]] - [[1511]] :[[1510]] - [[1509]] - [[1508]] - [[1507]] - [[1506]] - [[1505]] - [[1504]] - [[1503]] - [[1502]] - [[1501]] === [[Ngwagakolo 15]] === :[[1500]] - [[1499]] - [[1498]] - [[1497]] - [[1496]] - [[1495]] - [[1494]] - [[1493]] - [[1492]] - [[1491]] :[[1490]] - [[1489]] - [[1488]] - [[1487]] - [[1486]] - [[1485]] - [[1484]] - [[1483]] - [[1482]] - [[1481]] :[[1480]] - [[1479]] - [[1478]] - [[1477]] - [[1476]] - [[1475]] - [[1474]] - [[1473]] - [[1472]] - [[1471]] :[[1470]] - [[1469]] - [[1468]] - [[1467]] - [[1466]] - [[1465]] - [[1464]] - [[1463]] - [[1462]] - [[1461]] :[[1460]] - [[1459]] - [[1458]] - [[1457]] - [[1456]] - [[1455]] - [[1454]] - [[1453]] - [[1452]] - [[1451]] :[[1450]] - [[1449]] - [[1448]] - [[1447]] - [[1446]] - [[1445]] - [[1444]] - [[1443]] - [[1442]] - [[1441]] :[[1440]] - [[1439]] - [[1438]] - [[1437]] - [[1436]] - [[1435]] - [[1434]] - [[1433]] - [[1432]] - [[1431]] :[[1430]] - [[1429]] - [[1428]] - [[1427]] - [[1426]] - [[1425]] - [[1424]] - [[1423]] - [[1422]] - [[1421]] :[[1420]] - [[1419]] - [[1418]] - [[1417]] - [[1416]] - [[1415]] - [[1414]] - [[1413]] - [[1412]] - [[1411]] :[[1410]] - [[1409]] - [[1408]] - [[1407]] - [[1406]] - [[1405]] - [[1404]] - [[1403]] - [[1402]] - [[1401]] === [[Ngwagakolo 14]] === :[[1400]] - [[1399]] - [[1398]] - [[1397]] - [[1396]] - [[1395]] - [[1394]] - [[1393]] - [[1392]] - [[1391]] :[[1390]] - [[1389]] - [[1388]] - [[1387]] - [[1386]] - [[1385]] - [[1384]] - [[1383]] - [[1382]] - [[1381]] :[[1380]] - [[1379]] - [[1378]] - [[1377]] - [[1376]] - [[1375]] - [[1374]] - [[1373]] - [[1372]] - [[1371]] :[[1370]] - [[1369]] - [[1368]] - [[1367]] - [[1366]] - [[1365]] - [[1364]] - [[1363]] - [[1362]] - [[1361]] :[[1360]] - [[1359]] - [[1358]] - [[1357]] - [[1356]] - [[1355]] - [[1354]] - [[1353]] - [[1352]] - [[1351]] :[[1350]] - [[1349]] - [[1348]] - [[1347]] - [[1346]] - [[1345]] - [[1344]] - [[1343]] - [[1342]] - [[1341]] :[[1340]] - [[1339]] - [[1338]] - [[1337]] - [[1336]] - [[1335]] - [[1334]] - [[1333]] - [[1332]] - [[1331]] :[[1330]] - [[1329]] - [[1328]] - [[1327]] - [[1326]] - [[1325]] - [[1324]] - [[1323]] - [[1322]] - [[1321]] :[[1320]] - [[1319]] - [[1318]] - [[1317]] - [[1316]] - [[1315]] - [[1314]] - [[1313]] - [[1312]] - [[1311]] :[[1310]] - [[1309]] - [[1308]] - [[1307]] - [[1306]] - [[1305]] - [[1304]] - [[1303]] - [[1302]] - [[1301]] === [[Ngwagakolo 13]] === :[[1300]] - [[1299]] - [[1298]] - [[1297]] - [[1296]] - [[1295]] - [[1294]] - [[1293]] - [[1292]] - [[1291]] :[[1290]] - [[1289]] - [[1288]] - [[1287]] - [[1286]] - [[1285]] - [[1284]] - [[1283]] - [[1282]] - [[1281]] :[[1280]] - [[1279]] - [[1278]] - [[1277]] - [[1276]] - [[1275]] - [[1274]] - [[1273]] - [[1272]] - [[1271]] :[[1270]] - [[1269]] - [[1268]] - [[1267]] - [[1266]] - [[1265]] - [[1264]] - [[1263]] - [[1262]] - [[1261]] :[[1260]] - [[1259]] - [[1258]] - [[1257]] - [[1256]] - [[1255]] - [[1254]] - [[1253]] - [[1252]] - [[1251]] :[[1250]] - [[1249]] - [[1248]] - [[1247]] - [[1246]] - [[1245]] - [[1244]] - [[1243]] - [[1242]] - [[1241]] :[[1240]] - [[1239]] - [[1238]] - [[1237]] - [[1236]] - [[1235]] - [[1234]] - [[1233]] - [[1232]] - [[1231]] :[[1230]] - [[1229]] - [[1228]] - [[1227]] - [[1226]] - [[1225]] - [[1224]] - [[1223]] - [[1222]] - [[1221]] :[[1220]] - [[1219]] - [[1218]] - [[1217]] - [[1216]] - [[1215]] - [[1214]] - [[1213]] - [[1212]] - [[1211]] :[[1210]] - [[1209]] - [[1208]] - [[1207]] - [[1206]] - [[1205]] - [[1204]] - [[1203]] - [[1202]] - [[1201]] === [[Ngwagakolo 12]] === :[[1200]] - [[1199]] - [[1198]] - [[1197]] - [[1196]] - [[1195]] - [[1194]] - [[1193]] - [[1192]] - [[1191]] :[[1190]] - [[1189]] - [[1188]] - [[1187]] - [[1186]] - [[1185]] - [[1184]] - [[1183]] - [[1182]] - [[1181]] :[[1180]] - [[1179]] - [[1178]] - [[1177]] - [[1176]] - [[1175]] - [[1174]] - [[1173]] - [[1172]] - [[1171]] :[[1170]] - [[1169]] - [[1168]] - [[1167]] - [[1166]] - [[1165]] - [[1164]] - [[1163]] - [[1162]] - [[1161]] :[[1160]] - [[1159]] - [[1158]] - [[1157]] - [[1156]] - [[1155]] - [[1154]] - [[1153]] - [[1152]] - [[1151]] :[[1150]] - [[1149]] - [[1148]] - [[1147]] - [[1146]] - [[1145]] - [[1144]] - [[1143]] - [[1142]] - [[1141]] :[[1140]] - [[1139]] - [[1138]] - [[1137]] - [[1136]] - [[1135]] - [[1134]] - [[1133]] - [[1132]] - [[1131]] :[[1130]] - [[1129]] - [[1128]] - [[1127]] - [[1126]] - [[1125]] - [[1124]] - [[1123]] - [[1122]] - [[1121]] :[[1120]] - [[1119]] - [[1118]] - [[1117]] - [[1116]] - [[1115]] - [[1114]] - [[1113]] - [[1112]] - [[1111]] :[[1110]] - [[1109]] - [[1108]] - [[1107]] - [[1106]] - [[1105]] - [[1104]] - [[1103]] - [[1102]] - [[1101]] === [[Ngwagakolo 11]] === :[[1100]] - [[1099]] - [[1098]] - [[1097]] - [[1096]] - [[1095]] - [[1094]] - [[1093]] - [[1092]] - [[1091]] :[[1090]] - [[1089]] - [[1088]] - [[1087]] - [[1086]] - [[1085]] - [[1084]] - [[1083]] - [[1082]] - [[1081]] :[[1080]] - [[1079]] - [[1078]] - [[1077]] - [[1076]] - [[1075]] - [[1074]] - [[1073]] - [[1072]] - [[1071]] :[[1070]] - [[1069]] - [[1068]] - [[1067]] - [[1066]] - [[1065]] - [[1064]] - [[1063]] - [[1062]] - [[1061]] :[[1060]] - [[1059]] - [[1058]] - [[1057]] - [[1056]] - [[1055]] - [[1054]] - [[1053]] - [[1052]] - [[1051]] :[[1050]] - [[1049]] - [[1048]] - [[1047]] - [[1046]] - [[1045]] - [[1044]] - [[1043]] - [[1042]] - [[1041]] :[[1040]] - [[1039]] - [[1038]] - [[1037]] - [[1036]] - [[1035]] - [[1034]] - [[1033]] - [[1032]] - [[1031]] :[[1030]] - [[1029]] - [[1028]] - [[1027]] - [[1026]] - [[1025]] - [[1024]] - [[1023]] - [[1022]] - [[1021]] :[[1020]] - [[1019]] - [[1018]] - [[1017]] - [[1016]] - [[1015]] - [[1014]] - [[1013]] - [[1012]] - [[1011]] :[[1010]] - [[1009]] - [[1008]] - [[1007]] - [[1006]] - [[1005]] - [[1004]] - [[1003]] - [[1002]] - [[1001]] == [[Ngwagakete 1]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 10]] === :[[1000]] - [[999]] - [[998]] - [[997]] - [[996]] - [[995]] - [[994]] - [[993]] - [[992]] - [[991]] :[[990]] - [[989]] - [[988]] - [[987]] - [[986]] - [[985]] - [[984]] - [[983]] - [[982]] - [[981]] :[[980]] - [[979]] - [[978]] - [[977]] - [[976]] - [[975]] - [[974]] - [[973]] - [[972]] - [[971]] :[[970]] - [[969]] - [[968]] - [[967]] - [[966]] - [[965]] - [[964]] - [[963]] - [[962]] - [[961]] :[[960]] - [[959]] - [[958]] - [[957]] - [[956]] - [[955]] - [[954]] - [[953]] - [[952]] - [[951]] :[[950]] - [[949]] - [[948]] - [[947]] - [[946]] - [[945]] - [[944]] - [[943]] - [[942]] - [[941]] :[[940]] - [[939]] - [[938]] - [[937]] - [[936]] - [[935]] - [[934]] - [[933]] - [[932]] - [[931]] :[[930]] - [[929]] - [[928]] - [[927]] - [[926]] - [[925]] - [[924]] - [[923]] - [[922]] - [[921]] :[[920]] - [[919]] - [[918]] - [[917]] - [[916]] - [[915]] - [[914]] - [[913]] - [[912]] - [[911]] :[[910]] - [[909]] - [[908]] - [[907]] - [[906]] - [[905]] - [[904]] - [[903]] - [[902]] - [[901]] === [[Ngwagakolo 9]] === :[[900]] - [[899]] - [[898]] - [[897]] - [[896]] - [[895]] - [[894]] - [[893]] - [[892]] - [[891]] :[[890]] - [[889]] - [[888]] - [[887]] - [[886]] - [[885]] - [[884]] - [[883]] - [[882]] - [[881]] :[[880]] - [[879]] - [[878]] - [[877]] - [[876]] - [[875]] - [[874]] - [[873]] - [[872]] - [[871]] :[[870]] - [[869]] - [[868]] - [[867]] - [[866]] - [[865]] - [[864]] - [[863]] - [[862]] - [[861]] :[[860]] - [[859]] - [[858]] - [[857]] - [[856]] - [[855]] - [[854]] - [[853]] - [[852]] - [[851]] :[[850]] - [[849]] - [[848]] - [[847]] - [[846]] - [[845]] - [[844]] - [[843]] - [[842]] - [[841]] :[[840]] - [[839]] - [[838]] - [[837]] - [[836]] - [[835]] - [[834]] - [[833]] - [[832]] - [[831]] :[[830]] - [[829]] - [[828]] - [[827]] - [[826]] - [[825]] - [[824]] - [[823]] - [[822]] - [[821]] :[[820]] - [[819]] - [[818]] - [[817]] - [[816]] - [[815]] - [[814]] - [[813]] - [[812]] - [[811]] :[[810]] - [[809]] - [[808]] - [[807]] - [[806]] - [[805]] - [[804]] - [[803]] - [[802]] - [[801]] === [[Ngwagakolo 8]] === :[[800]] - [[799]] - [[798]] - [[797]] - [[796]] - [[795]] - [[794]] - [[793]] - [[792]] - [[791]] :[[790]] - [[789]] - [[788]] - [[787]] - [[786]] - [[785]] - [[784]] - [[783]] - [[782]] - [[781]] :[[780]] - [[779]] - [[778]] - [[777]] - [[776]] - [[775]] - [[774]] - [[773]] - [[772]] - [[771]] :[[770]] - [[769]] - [[768]] - [[767]] - [[766]] - [[765]] - [[764]] - [[763]] - [[762]] - [[761]] :[[760]] - [[759]] - [[758]] - [[757]] - [[756]] - [[755]] - [[754]] - [[753]] - [[752]] - [[751]] :[[750]] - [[749]] - [[748]] - [[747]] - [[746]] - [[745]] - [[744]] - [[743]] - [[742]] - [[741]] :[[740]] - [[739]] - [[738]] - [[737]] - [[736]] - [[735]] - [[734]] - [[733]] - [[732]] - [[731]] :[[730]] - [[729]] - [[728]] - [[727]] - [[726]] - [[725]] - [[724]] - [[723]] - [[722]] - [[721]] :[[720]] - [[719]] - [[718]] - [[717]] - [[716]] - [[715]] - [[714]] - [[713]] - [[712]] - [[711]] :[[710]] - [[709]] - [[708]] - [[707]] - [[706]] - [[705]] - [[704]] - [[703]] - [[702]] - [[701]] === [[Ngwagakolo 7]] === :[[700]] - [[699]] - [[698]] - [[697]] - [[696]] - [[695]] - [[694]] - [[693]] - [[692]] - [[691]] :[[690]] - [[689]] - [[688]] - [[687]] - [[686]] - [[685]] - [[684]] - [[683]] - [[682]] - [[681]] :[[680]] - [[679]] - [[678]] - [[677]] - [[676]] - [[675]] - [[674]] - [[673]] - [[672]] - [[671]] :[[670]] - [[669]] - [[668]] - [[667]] - [[666]] - [[665]] - [[664]] - [[663]] - [[662]] - [[661]] :[[660]] - [[659]] - [[658]] - [[657]] - [[656]] - [[655]] - [[654]] - [[653]] - [[652]] - [[651]] :[[650]] - [[649]] - [[648]] - [[647]] - [[646]] - [[645]] - [[644]] - [[643]] - [[642]] - [[641]] :[[640]] - [[639]] - [[638]] - [[637]] - [[636]] - [[635]] - [[634]] - [[633]] - [[632]] - [[631]] :[[630]] - [[629]] - [[628]] - [[627]] - [[626]] - [[625]] - [[624]] - [[623]] - [[622]] - [[621]] :[[620]] - [[619]] - [[618]] - [[617]] - [[616]] - [[615]] - [[614]] - [[613]] - [[612]] - [[611]] :[[610]] - 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[[209]] - [[208]] - [[207]] - [[206]] - [[205]] - [[204]] - [[203]] - [[202]] - [[201]] === [[Ngwagakolo 2]] === :[[200]] - [[199]] - [[198]] - [[197]] - [[196]] - [[195]] - [[194]] - [[193]] - [[192]] - [[191]] :[[190]] - [[189]] - [[188]] - [[187]] - [[186]] - [[185]] - [[184]] - [[183]] - [[182]] - [[181]] :[[180]] - [[179]] - [[178]] - [[177]] - [[176]] - [[175]] - [[174]] - [[173]] - [[172]] - [[171]] :[[170]] - [[169]] - [[168]] - [[167]] - [[166]] - [[165]] - [[164]] - [[163]] - [[162]] - [[161]] :[[160]] - [[159]] - [[158]] - [[157]] - [[156]] - [[155]] - [[154]] - [[153]] - [[152]] - [[151]] :[[150]] - [[149]] - [[148]] - [[147]] - [[146]] - [[145]] - [[144]] - [[143]] - [[142]] - [[141]] :[[140]] - [[139]] - [[138]] - [[137]] - [[136]] - [[135]] - [[134]] - [[133]] - [[132]] - [[131]] :[[130]] - [[129]] - [[128]] - [[127]] - [[126]] - [[125]] - [[124]] - [[123]] - [[122]] - [[121]] :[[120]] - [[119]] - [[118]] - [[117]] - [[116]] - [[115]] - [[114]] - [[113]] - [[112]] - [[111]] :[[110]] - [[109]] - [[108]] - [[107]] - [[106]] - [[105]] - [[104]] - [[103]] - [[102]] - [[101]] === [[Ngwagakolo 1]] === :[[100]] - [[99]] - [[98]] - [[97]] - [[96]] - [[95]] - [[94]] - [[93]] - [[92]] - [[91]] :[[90]] - [[89]] - [[88]] - [[87]] - [[86]] - [[85]] - [[84]] - [[83]] - [[82]] - [[81]] :[[80]] - [[79]] - [[78]] - [[77]] - [[76]] - [[75]] - [[74]] - [[73]] - [[72]] - [[71]] :[[70]] - [[69]] - [[68]] - [[67]] - [[66]] - [[65]] - [[64]] - [[63]] - [[62]] - [[61]] :[[60]] - [[59]] - [[58]] - [[57]] - [[56]] - [[55]] - [[54]] - [[53]] - [[52]] - [[51]] :[[50]] - [[49]] - [[48]] - [[47]] - [[46]] - [[45]] - [[44]] - [[43]] - [[42]] - [[41]] :[[40]] - [[39]] - [[38]] - [[37]] - [[36]] - [[35]] - [[34]] - [[33]] - [[32]] - [[31]] :[[30]] - [[29]] - [[28]] - [[27]] - [[26]] - [[25]] - [[24]] - [[23]] - [[22]] - [[21]] :[[20]] - [[19]] - [[18]] - [[17]] - [[16]] - [[15]] - [[14]] - [[13]] - [[12]] - [[11]] :[[10]] - [[9]] - [[8]] - [[7]] - [[6]] - [[5]] - [[4]] - [[3]] - [[2]] - [[1]] 6cstvjyri1plahyal1u5atj6frqzhpu 55364 55361 2026-08-06T12:25:24Z ~2026-43370-09 8717 55364 wikitext text/x-wiki Letlakala le le laetša '''[[Ngwaga|mengwaga]]'''. <!--Each year is annotated with a significant event as a reference point.--> {{TOC right}} == [[Ngwagakete 3]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 22]] === :[[2120]] - [[2119]] - [[2118]] - [[2117]] - [[2116]] - [[2115]] - [[2114]] - [[2113]] - [[2112]] - [[2111]] :[[2110]] - [[2109]] - [[2108]] - [[2107]] - [[2106]] - [[2105]] - [[2104]] - [[2103]] - [[2102]] - [[2101]] === [[Ngwagakolo 21]] === :[[2100]] - [[2099]] - [[2098]] - [[2097]] - [[2096]] - [[2095]] - [[2094]] - [[2093]] - [[2092]] - [[2091]] :[[2090]] - [[2089]] - [[2088]] - [[2087]] - [[2086]] - [[2085]] - [[2084]] - [[2083]] - [[2082]] - [[2081]] :[[2080]] - [[2079]] - [[2078]] - [[2077]] - [[2076]] - [[2075]] - [[2074]] - [[2073]] - [[2072]] - [[2071]] :[[2070]] - [[2069]] - [[2068]] - [[2067]] - [[2066]] - [[2065]] - [[2064]] - [[2063]] - [[2062]] - [[2061]] :[[2060]] - [[2059]] - [[2058]] - [[2057]] - [[2056]] - [[2055]] - [[2054]] - [[2053]] - [[2052]] - [[2051]] :[[2050]] - [[2049]] - [[2048]] - [[2047]] - [[2046]] - [[2045]] - [[2044]] - [[2043]] - [[2042]] - [[2041]] :[[2040]] - [[2039]] - [[2038]] - [[2037]] - [[2036]] - [[2035]] - [[2034]] - [[2033]] - [[2032]] - [[2031]] :[[2030]] - [[2029]] - [[2028]] - [[2027]] - [[2026]] - '''[[2025]]''' - [[2024]] - [[2023]] - [[2022]] - [[2021]] :[[2020]] - [[2019]] - [[2018]] - [[2017]] - [[2016]] - [[2015]] - [[2014]] - [[2013]] - [[2012]] - [[2011]] :[[2010]] - [[2009]] - [[2008]] - [[2007]] - [[2006]] - [[2005]] - [[2004]] - [[2003]] - [[2002]] - [[2001]] == [[Ngwagakete 2]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 20]] === :[[2000]] - [[1999]] - [[1998]] - [[1997]] - [[1996]] - [[1995]] - [[1994]] - [[1993]] - [[1992]] - [[1991]] :[[1990]] - [[1989]] - [[1988]] - [[1987]] - [[1986]] - [[1985]] - [[1984]] - [[1983]] - [[1982]] - [[1981]] :[[1980]] - [[1979]] - [[1978]] - [[1977]] - [[1976]] - [[1975]] - [[1974]] - [[1973]] - [[1972]] - [[1971]] :[[1970]] - [[1969]] - [[1968]] - [[1967]] - [[1966]] - [[1965]] - [[1964]] - [[1963]] - [[1962]] - [[1961]] :[[1960]] - [[1959]] - [[1958]] - [[1957]] - [[1956]] - [[1955]] - [[1954]] - [[1953]] - [[1952]] - [[1951]] :[[1950]] - [[1949]] - [[1948]] - [[1947]] - [[1946]] - [[1945]] - [[1944]] - [[1943]] - [[1942]] - [[1941]] :[[1940]] - [[1939]] - [[1938]] - [[1937]] - [[1936]] - [[1935]] - [[1934]] - [[1933]] - [[1932]] - [[1931]] :[[1930]] - [[1929]] - [[1928]] - [[1927]] - [[1926]] - [[1925]] - [[1924]] - [[1923]] - [[1922]] - [[1921]] :[[1920]] - [[1919]] - [[1918]] - [[1917]] - [[1916]] - [[1915]] - [[1914]] - [[1913]] - [[1912]] - [[1911]] :[[1910]] - [[1909]] - [[1908]] - [[1907]] - [[1906]] - [[1905]] - [[1904]] - [[1903]] - [[1902]] - [[1901]] === [[Ngwagakolo 19]] === :[[1900]] - [[1899]] - [[1898]] - [[1897]] - [[1896]] - [[1895]] - [[1894]] - [[1893]] - [[1892]] - [[1891]] :[[1890]] - [[1889]] - [[1888]] - [[1887]] - [[1886]] - [[1885]] - [[1884]] - [[1883]] - [[1882]] - [[1881]] :[[1880]] - [[1879]] - [[1878]] - [[1877]] - [[1876]] - [[1875]] - [[1874]] - [[1873]] - [[1872]] - [[1871]] :[[1870]] - [[1869]] - [[1868]] - [[1867]] - [[1866]] - [[1865]] - [[1864]] - [[1863]] - [[1862]] - [[1861]] :[[1860]] - [[1859]] - [[1858]] - [[1857]] - [[1856]] - [[1855]] - [[1854]] - [[1853]] - [[1852]] - [[1851]] :[[1850]] - [[1849]] - [[1848]] - [[1847]] - [[1846]] - [[1845]] - [[1844]] - [[1843]] - [[1842]] - [[1841]] :[[1840]] - [[1839]] - [[1838]] - [[1837]] - [[1836]] - [[1835]] - [[1834]] - [[1833]] - [[1832]] - [[1831]] :[[1830]] - [[1829]] - [[1828]] - [[1827]] - [[1826]] - [[1825]] - [[1824]] - [[1823]] - [[1822]] - [[1821]] :[[1820]] - [[1819]] - [[1818]] - [[1817]] - [[1816]] - [[1815]] - [[1814]] - [[1813]] - [[1812]] - [[1811]] :[[1810]] - [[1809]] - [[1808]] - [[1807]] - [[1806]] - [[1805]] - [[1804]] - [[1803]] - [[1802]] - [[1801]] === [[Ngwagakolo 18]] === :[[1800]] - [[1799]] - [[1798]] - [[1797]] - [[1796]] - [[1795]] - [[1794]] - [[1793]] - [[1792]] - [[1791]] :[[1790]] - [[1789]] - [[1788]] - [[1787]] - [[1786]] - [[1785]] - [[1784]] - [[1783]] - [[1782]] - [[1781]] :[[1780]] - [[1779]] - [[1778]] - [[1777]] - [[1776]] - [[1775]] - [[1774]] - [[1773]] - [[1772]] - [[1771]] :[[1770]] - [[1769]] - [[1768]] - [[1767]] - [[1766]] - [[1765]] - [[1764]] - [[1763]] - [[1762]] - [[1761]] :[[1760]] - [[1759]] - [[1758]] - [[1757]] - [[1756]] - [[1755]] - [[1754]] - [[1753]] - [[1752]] - [[1751]] :[[1750]] - [[1749]] - [[1748]] - [[1747]] - [[1746]] - [[1745]] - [[1744]] - [[1743]] - [[1742]] - [[1741]] :[[1740]] - [[1739]] - [[1738]] - [[1737]] - [[1736]] - [[1735]] - [[1734]] - [[1733]] - [[1732]] - [[1731]] :[[1730]] - [[1729]] - [[1728]] - [[1727]] - [[1726]] - [[1725]] - [[1724]] - [[1723]] - [[1722]] - [[1721]] :[[1720]] - [[1719]] - [[1718]] - [[1717]] - [[1716]] - [[1715]] - [[1714]] - [[1713]] - [[1712]] - [[1711]] :[[1710]] - [[1709]] - [[1708]] - [[1707]] - [[1706]] - [[1705]] - [[1704]] - [[1703]] - [[1702]] - [[1701]] === [[Ngwagakolo 17]] === :[[1700]] - [[1699]] - [[1698]] - [[1697]] - [[1696]] - [[1695]] - [[1694]] - [[1693]] - [[1692]] - [[1691]] :[[1690]] - [[1689]] - [[1688]] - [[1687]] - [[1686]] - [[1685]] - [[1684]] - [[1683]] - [[1682]] - [[1681]] :[[1680]] - [[1679]] - [[1678]] - [[1677]] - [[1676]] - [[1675]] - [[1674]] - [[1673]] - [[1672]] - [[1671]] :[[1670]] - [[1669]] - [[1668]] - [[1667]] - [[1666]] - [[1665]] - [[1664]] - [[1663]] - [[1662]] - [[1661]] :[[1660]] - [[1659]] - [[1658]] - [[1657]] - [[1656]] - [[1655]] - [[1654]] - [[1653]] - [[1652]] - [[1651]] :[[1650]] - [[1649]] - [[1648]] - [[1647]] - [[1646]] - [[1645]] - [[1644]] - [[1643]] - [[1642]] - [[1641]] :[[1640]] - [[1639]] - [[1638]] - [[1637]] - [[1636]] - [[1635]] - [[1634]] - [[1633]] - [[1632]] - [[1631]] :[[1630]] - [[1629]] - [[1628]] - [[1627]] - [[1626]] - [[1625]] - [[1624]] - [[1623]] - [[1622]] - [[1621]] :[[1620]] - [[1619]] - [[1618]] - [[1617]] - [[1616]] - [[1615]] - [[1614]] - [[1613]] - [[1612]] - [[1611]] :[[1610]] - [[1609]] - [[1608]] - [[1607]] - [[1606]] - [[1605]] - [[1604]] - [[1603]] - [[1602]] - [[1601]] === [[Ngwagakolo 16]] === :[[1600]] - [[1599]] - [[1598]] - [[1597]] - [[1596]] - [[1595]] - [[1594]] - [[1593]] - [[1592]] - [[1591]] :[[1590]] - [[1589]] - [[1588]] - [[1587]] - [[1586]] - [[1585]] - [[1584]] - [[1583]] - [[1582]] - [[1581]] :[[1580]] - [[1579]] - [[1578]] - [[1577]] - [[1576]] - [[1575]] - [[1574]] - [[1573]] - [[1572]] - [[1571]] :[[1570]] - [[1569]] - [[1568]] - [[1567]] - [[1566]] - [[1565]] - [[1564]] - [[1563]] - [[1562]] - [[1561]] :[[1560]] - [[1559]] - [[1558]] - [[1557]] - [[1556]] - [[1555]] - [[1554]] - [[1553]] - [[1552]] - [[1551]] :[[1550]] - [[1549]] - [[1548]] - [[1547]] - [[1546]] - [[1545]] - [[1544]] - [[1543]] - [[1542]] - [[1541]] :[[1540]] - [[1539]] - [[1538]] - [[1537]] - [[1536]] - [[1535]] - [[1534]] - [[1533]] - [[1532]] - [[1531]] :[[1530]] - [[1529]] - [[1528]] - [[1527]] - [[1526]] - [[1525]] - [[1524]] - [[1523]] - [[1522]] - [[1521]] :[[1520]] - [[1519]] - [[1518]] - [[1517]] - [[1516]] - [[1515]] - [[1514]] - [[1513]] - [[1512]] - [[1511]] :[[1510]] - [[1509]] - [[1508]] - [[1507]] - [[1506]] - [[1505]] - [[1504]] - [[1503]] - [[1502]] - [[1501]] === [[Ngwagakolo 15]] === :[[1500]] - [[1499]] - [[1498]] - [[1497]] - [[1496]] - [[1495]] - [[1494]] - [[1493]] - [[1492]] - [[1491]] :[[1490]] - [[1489]] - [[1488]] - [[1487]] - [[1486]] - [[1485]] - [[1484]] - [[1483]] - [[1482]] - [[1481]] :[[1480]] - [[1479]] - [[1478]] - [[1477]] - [[1476]] - [[1475]] - [[1474]] - [[1473]] - [[1472]] - [[1471]] :[[1470]] - [[1469]] - [[1468]] - [[1467]] - [[1466]] - [[1465]] - [[1464]] - [[1463]] - [[1462]] - [[1461]] :[[1460]] - [[1459]] - [[1458]] - [[1457]] - [[1456]] - [[1455]] - [[1454]] - [[1453]] - [[1452]] - [[1451]] :[[1450]] - [[1449]] - [[1448]] - [[1447]] - [[1446]] - [[1445]] - [[1444]] - [[1443]] - [[1442]] - [[1441]] :[[1440]] - [[1439]] - [[1438]] - [[1437]] - [[1436]] - [[1435]] - [[1434]] - [[1433]] - [[1432]] - [[1431]] :[[1430]] - [[1429]] - [[1428]] - [[1427]] - [[1426]] - [[1425]] - [[1424]] - [[1423]] - [[1422]] - [[1421]] :[[1420]] - [[1419]] - [[1418]] - [[1417]] - [[1416]] - [[1415]] - [[1414]] - [[1413]] - [[1412]] - [[1411]] :[[1410]] - [[1409]] - [[1408]] - [[1407]] - [[1406]] - [[1405]] - [[1404]] - [[1403]] - [[1402]] - [[1401]] === [[Ngwagakolo 14]] === :[[1400]] - [[1399]] - [[1398]] - [[1397]] - [[1396]] - [[1395]] - [[1394]] - [[1393]] - [[1392]] - [[1391]] :[[1390]] - [[1389]] - [[1388]] - [[1387]] - [[1386]] - [[1385]] - [[1384]] - [[1383]] - [[1382]] - [[1381]] :[[1380]] - [[1379]] - [[1378]] - [[1377]] - [[1376]] - [[1375]] - [[1374]] - [[1373]] - [[1372]] - [[1371]] :[[1370]] - [[1369]] - [[1368]] - [[1367]] - [[1366]] - [[1365]] - [[1364]] - [[1363]] - [[1362]] - [[1361]] :[[1360]] - [[1359]] - [[1358]] - [[1357]] - [[1356]] - [[1355]] - [[1354]] - [[1353]] - [[1352]] - [[1351]] :[[1350]] - [[1349]] - [[1348]] - [[1347]] - [[1346]] - [[1345]] - [[1344]] - [[1343]] - [[1342]] - [[1341]] :[[1340]] - [[1339]] - [[1338]] - [[1337]] - [[1336]] - [[1335]] - [[1334]] - [[1333]] - [[1332]] - [[1331]] :[[1330]] - [[1329]] - [[1328]] - [[1327]] - [[1326]] - [[1325]] - [[1324]] - [[1323]] - [[1322]] - [[1321]] :[[1320]] - [[1319]] - [[1318]] - [[1317]] - [[1316]] - [[1315]] - [[1314]] - [[1313]] - [[1312]] - [[1311]] :[[1310]] - [[1309]] - [[1308]] - [[1307]] - [[1306]] - [[1305]] - [[1304]] - [[1303]] - [[1302]] - [[1301]] === [[Ngwagakolo 13]] === :[[1300]] - [[1299]] - [[1298]] - [[1297]] - [[1296]] - [[1295]] - [[1294]] - [[1293]] - [[1292]] - [[1291]] :[[1290]] - [[1289]] - [[1288]] - [[1287]] - [[1286]] - [[1285]] - [[1284]] - [[1283]] - [[1282]] - [[1281]] :[[1280]] - [[1279]] - [[1278]] - [[1277]] - [[1276]] - [[1275]] - [[1274]] - [[1273]] - [[1272]] - [[1271]] :[[1270]] - [[1269]] - [[1268]] - [[1267]] - [[1266]] - [[1265]] - [[1264]] - [[1263]] - [[1262]] - [[1261]] :[[1260]] - [[1259]] - [[1258]] - [[1257]] - [[1256]] - [[1255]] - [[1254]] - [[1253]] - [[1252]] - [[1251]] :[[1250]] - [[1249]] - [[1248]] - [[1247]] - [[1246]] - [[1245]] - [[1244]] - [[1243]] - [[1242]] - [[1241]] :[[1240]] - [[1239]] - [[1238]] - [[1237]] - [[1236]] - [[1235]] - [[1234]] - [[1233]] - [[1232]] - [[1231]] :[[1230]] - [[1229]] - [[1228]] - [[1227]] - [[1226]] - [[1225]] - [[1224]] - [[1223]] - [[1222]] - [[1221]] :[[1220]] - [[1219]] - [[1218]] - [[1217]] - [[1216]] - [[1215]] - [[1214]] - [[1213]] - [[1212]] - [[1211]] :[[1210]] - [[1209]] - [[1208]] - [[1207]] - [[1206]] - [[1205]] - [[1204]] - [[1203]] - [[1202]] - [[1201]] === [[Ngwagakolo 12]] === :[[1200]] - [[1199]] - [[1198]] - [[1197]] - [[1196]] - [[1195]] - [[1194]] - [[1193]] - [[1192]] - [[1191]] :[[1190]] - [[1189]] - [[1188]] - [[1187]] - [[1186]] - [[1185]] - [[1184]] - [[1183]] - [[1182]] - [[1181]] :[[1180]] - [[1179]] - [[1178]] - [[1177]] - [[1176]] - [[1175]] - [[1174]] - [[1173]] - [[1172]] - [[1171]] :[[1170]] - [[1169]] - [[1168]] - [[1167]] - [[1166]] - [[1165]] - [[1164]] - [[1163]] - [[1162]] - [[1161]] :[[1160]] - [[1159]] - [[1158]] - [[1157]] - [[1156]] - [[1155]] - [[1154]] - [[1153]] - [[1152]] - [[1151]] :[[1150]] - [[1149]] - [[1148]] - [[1147]] - [[1146]] - [[1145]] - [[1144]] - [[1143]] - [[1142]] - [[1141]] :[[1140]] - [[1139]] - [[1138]] - [[1137]] - [[1136]] - [[1135]] - [[1134]] - [[1133]] - [[1132]] - [[1131]] :[[1130]] - [[1129]] - [[1128]] - 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[[449]] - [[448]] - [[447]] - [[446]] - [[445]] - [[444]] - [[443]] - [[442]] - [[441]] :[[440]] - [[439]] - [[438]] - [[437]] - [[436]] - [[435]] - [[434]] - [[433]] - [[432]] - [[431]] :[[430]] - [[429]] - [[428]] - [[427]] - [[426]] - [[425]] - [[424]] - [[423]] - [[422]] - [[421]] :[[420]] - [[419]] - [[418]] - [[417]] - [[416]] - [[415]] - [[414]] - [[413]] - [[412]] - [[411]] :[[410]] - [[409]] - [[408]] - [[407]] - [[406]] - [[405]] - [[404]] - [[403]] - [[402]] - [[401]] === [[Ngwagakolo 4]] === :[[400]] - [[399]] - [[398]] - [[397]] - [[396]] - [[395]] - [[394]] - [[393]] - [[392]] - [[391]] :[[390]] - [[389]] - [[388]] - [[387]] - [[386]] - [[385]] - [[384]] - [[383]] - [[382]] - [[381]] :[[380]] - [[379]] - [[378]] - [[377]] - [[376]] - [[375]] - [[374]] - [[373]] - [[372]] - [[371]] :[[370]] - [[369]] - [[368]] - [[367]] - [[366]] - [[365]] - [[364]] - [[363]] - [[362]] - [[361]] :[[360]] - [[359]] - [[358]] - [[357]] - [[356]] - [[355]] - [[354]] - [[353]] - [[352]] - [[351]] :[[350]] - [[349]] - [[348]] - [[347]] - [[346]] - [[345]] - [[344]] - [[343]] - [[342]] - [[341]] :[[340]] - [[339]] - [[338]] - [[337]] - [[336]] - [[335]] - [[334]] - [[333]] - [[332]] - [[331]] :[[330]] - [[329]] - [[328]] - [[327]] - [[326]] - [[325]] - [[324]] - [[323]] - [[322]] - [[321]] :[[320]] - [[319]] - [[318]] - [[317]] - [[316]] - [[315]] - [[314]] - [[313]] - [[312]] - [[311]] :[[310]] - [[309]] - [[308]] - [[307]] - [[306]] - [[305]] - [[304]] - [[303]] - [[302]] - [[301]] === [[Ngwagakolo 3]] === :[[300]] - [[299]] - [[298]] - [[297]] - [[296]] - [[295]] - [[294]] - [[293]] - [[292]] - [[291]] :[[290]] - [[289]] - [[288]] - [[287]] - [[286]] - [[285]] - [[284]] - [[283]] - [[282]] - [[281]] :[[280]] - [[279]] - [[278]] - [[277]] - [[276]] - [[275]] - [[274]] - [[273]] - [[272]] - [[271]] :[[270]] - [[269]] - [[268]] - [[267]] - [[266]] - [[265]] - [[264]] - [[263]] - [[262]] - [[261]] :[[260]] - [[259]] - [[258]] - [[257]] - [[256]] - [[255]] - [[254]] - [[253]] - [[252]] - [[251]] :[[250]] - [[249]] - [[248]] - [[247]] - [[246]] - [[245]] - [[244]] - [[243]] - [[242]] - [[241]] :[[240]] - [[239]] - [[238]] - [[237]] - [[236]] - [[235]] - [[234]] - [[233]] - [[232]] - [[231]] :[[230]] - [[229]] - [[228]] - [[227]] - [[226]] - [[225]] - [[224]] - [[223]] - [[222]] - [[221]] :[[220]] - [[219]] - [[218]] - [[217]] - [[216]] - [[215]] - [[214]] - [[213]] - [[212]] - [[211]] :[[210]] - [[209]] - [[208]] - [[207]] - [[206]] - [[205]] - [[204]] - [[203]] - [[202]] - [[201]] === [[Ngwagakolo 2]] === :[[200]] - [[199]] - [[198]] - [[197]] - [[196]] - [[195]] - [[194]] - [[193]] - [[192]] - [[191]] :[[190]] - [[189]] - [[188]] - [[187]] - [[186]] - [[185]] - [[184]] - [[183]] - [[182]] - [[181]] :[[180]] - [[179]] - [[178]] - [[177]] - [[176]] - [[175]] - [[174]] - [[173]] - [[172]] - [[171]] :[[170]] - [[169]] - [[168]] - [[167]] - [[166]] - [[165]] - [[164]] - [[163]] - [[162]] - [[161]] :[[160]] - [[159]] - [[158]] - [[157]] - [[156]] - [[155]] - [[154]] - [[153]] - [[152]] - [[151]] :[[150]] - [[149]] - [[148]] - [[147]] - [[146]] - [[145]] - [[144]] - [[143]] - [[142]] - [[141]] :[[140]] - [[139]] - [[138]] - [[137]] - [[136]] - [[135]] - [[134]] - [[133]] - [[132]] - [[131]] :[[130]] - [[129]] - [[128]] - [[127]] - [[126]] - [[125]] - [[124]] - [[123]] - [[122]] - [[121]] :[[120]] - [[119]] - [[118]] - [[117]] - [[116]] - [[115]] - [[114]] - [[113]] - [[112]] - [[111]] :[[110]] - [[109]] - [[108]] - [[107]] - [[106]] - [[105]] - [[104]] - [[103]] - [[102]] - [[101]] === [[Ngwagakolo 1]] === :[[100]] - [[99]] - [[98]] - [[97]] - [[96]] - [[95]] - [[94]] - [[93]] - [[92]] - [[91]] :[[90]] - [[89]] - [[88]] - [[87]] - [[86]] - [[85]] - [[84]] - [[83]] - [[82]] - [[81]] :[[80]] - [[79]] - [[78]] - [[77]] - [[76]] - [[75]] - [[74]] - [[73]] - [[72]] - [[71]] :[[70]] - [[69]] - [[68]] - [[67]] - [[66]] - [[65]] - [[64]] - [[63]] - [[62]] - [[61]] :[[60]] - [[59]] - [[58]] - [[57]] - [[56]] - [[55]] - [[54]] - [[53]] - [[52]] - [[51]] :[[50]] - [[49]] - [[48]] - [[47]] - [[46]] - [[45]] - [[44]] - [[43]] - [[42]] - [[41]] :[[40]] - [[39]] - [[38]] - [[37]] - [[36]] - [[35]] - [[34]] - [[33]] - [[32]] - [[31]] :[[30]] - [[29]] - [[28]] - [[27]] - [[26]] - [[25]] - [[24]] - [[23]] - [[22]] - [[21]] :[[20]] - [[19]] - [[18]] - [[17]] - [[16]] - [[15]] - [[14]] - [[13]] - [[12]] - [[11]] :[[10]] - [[9]] - [[8]] - [[7]] - [[6]] - [[5]] - [[4]] - [[3]] - [[2]] - [[1]] stu8eoputplpe3388g7pphjaiz1mguo 55365 55364 2026-08-06T12:31:22Z ~2026-43370-09 8717 55365 wikitext text/x-wiki Letlakala le le laetša '''[[Ngwaga|mengwaga]]'''. <!--Each year is annotated with a significant event as a reference point.--> {{TOC right}} == [[Ngwagakete 3]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 22]] === :[[2130]] - [[2129]] - [[2128]] - [[2127]] - [[2126]] - [[2125]] - [[2124]] - [[2123]] - [[2122]] - [[2121]] :[[2120]] - [[2119]] - [[2118]] - [[2117]] - [[2116]] - [[2115]] - [[2114]] - [[2113]] - [[2112]] - [[2111]] :[[2110]] - [[2109]] - [[2108]] - [[2107]] - [[2106]] - [[2105]] - [[2104]] - [[2103]] - [[2102]] - [[2101]] === [[Ngwagakolo 21]] === :[[2100]] - [[2099]] - [[2098]] - [[2097]] - [[2096]] - [[2095]] - [[2094]] - [[2093]] - [[2092]] - [[2091]] :[[2090]] - [[2089]] - [[2088]] - [[2087]] - [[2086]] - [[2085]] - [[2084]] - [[2083]] - [[2082]] - [[2081]] :[[2080]] - [[2079]] - [[2078]] - [[2077]] - [[2076]] - [[2075]] - [[2074]] - [[2073]] - [[2072]] - [[2071]] :[[2070]] - [[2069]] - [[2068]] - [[2067]] - [[2066]] - [[2065]] - [[2064]] - [[2063]] - [[2062]] - [[2061]] :[[2060]] - [[2059]] - [[2058]] - [[2057]] - [[2056]] - [[2055]] - [[2054]] - [[2053]] - [[2052]] - [[2051]] :[[2050]] - [[2049]] - [[2048]] - [[2047]] - [[2046]] - [[2045]] - [[2044]] - [[2043]] - [[2042]] - [[2041]] :[[2040]] - [[2039]] - [[2038]] - [[2037]] - [[2036]] - [[2035]] - [[2034]] - [[2033]] - [[2032]] - [[2031]] :[[2030]] - [[2029]] - [[2028]] - [[2027]] - [[2026]] - '''[[2025]]''' - [[2024]] - [[2023]] - [[2022]] - [[2021]] :[[2020]] - [[2019]] - [[2018]] - [[2017]] - [[2016]] - [[2015]] - [[2014]] - [[2013]] - [[2012]] - [[2011]] :[[2010]] - [[2009]] - [[2008]] - [[2007]] - [[2006]] - [[2005]] - [[2004]] - [[2003]] - [[2002]] - [[2001]] == [[Ngwagakete 2]] == === [[Ngwagakolo 20]] === :[[2000]] - [[1999]] - [[1998]] - [[1997]] - [[1996]] - [[1995]] - [[1994]] - [[1993]] - [[1992]] - [[1991]] :[[1990]] - [[1989]] - [[1988]] - [[1987]] - [[1986]] - [[1985]] - [[1984]] - [[1983]] - [[1982]] - [[1981]] :[[1980]] - [[1979]] - [[1978]] - [[1977]] - [[1976]] - [[1975]] - [[1974]] - [[1973]] - [[1972]] - [[1971]] :[[1970]] - [[1969]] - [[1968]] - [[1967]] - [[1966]] - [[1965]] - [[1964]] - [[1963]] - [[1962]] - [[1961]] :[[1960]] - [[1959]] - [[1958]] - [[1957]] - [[1956]] - [[1955]] - [[1954]] - [[1953]] - [[1952]] - [[1951]] :[[1950]] - [[1949]] - [[1948]] - [[1947]] - [[1946]] - [[1945]] - [[1944]] - [[1943]] - [[1942]] - [[1941]] :[[1940]] - [[1939]] - [[1938]] - [[1937]] - [[1936]] - [[1935]] - [[1934]] - [[1933]] - [[1932]] - [[1931]] :[[1930]] - [[1929]] - [[1928]] - [[1927]] - [[1926]] - [[1925]] - 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[[22]] - [[21]] :[[20]] - [[19]] - [[18]] - [[17]] - [[16]] - [[15]] - [[14]] - [[13]] - [[12]] - [[11]] :[[10]] - [[9]] - [[8]] - [[7]] - [[6]] - [[5]] - [[4]] - [[3]] - [[2]] - [[1]] pyu3feeewsahtq31jiiynpfcmr526lj 0 1259 55383 47420 2026-08-06T14:58:56Z Martin Macha 2111 5014 /* */ 55383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Country |conventional_long_name = República del Perú |common_name = Repabliki ya Peru |image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg |image_coat = Escudo_nacional_del_Perú.svg |image_map = Peru (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = Firme y feliz por la unión |capital = [[Lima]] |government_type = [[Repabliki]] |leader_name1 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] |leader_name2 = [[Luis Galarreta]] |area_km2 = 1.285.215.60 |area_rank = 20th |demonym = Peruvian |population_estimate = 30,475,144 |currency = Nuevo sol (S/.) |currency_code = PEN |official_languages = [[Sespan]] |time_zone = PET |utc_offset = -05:00 |cctld = .pe |calling_code = +51 |drives_on = la go ja }} [[Seswantšho:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|thumb|250px| Peru]] [[Seswantšho:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|thumb|250px| [[Machu Picchu]]]] '''Peru''' ke naga lefasaneng la [[Amerika]]. Peru e bodikela bja [[Amerika]], e wela seleteng sa [[Amerika Borwa]]. {{commonscat|Peru}} [[Setensele:Peru| ]] [[Setensele:Amerika Borwa]] 48mph7zxl12qkxhk2zw90e6azrnmnal 0 2434 55391 54978 2026-08-07T06:50:25Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Distribution and habitat" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361685794|Impala]]" 55391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Phala | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2016 |title=''Aepyceros melampus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T550A50180828 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T550A50180828.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | image = Trotting impala ram, crop.jpg | image_caption = A [[Territory (animal)|territorial]] impala ram in northern [[Botswana]] | image2 = Impalas (Aepyceros melampus) female and young (11421993164).jpg | image2_caption = A ewe with calf at the [[Kruger National Park]], South Africa | grandparent_authority = | parent_authority = | taxon = Aepyceros melampus | authority = ([[Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]], 1812) | display_parents = 2 | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = * ''A. m. melampus'' <small>Lichtenstein, 1812</small> * ''A. m. petersi'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Bocage]], 1879</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name=MSW3 /> | synonyms = {{collapsible list|List= |''A. holubi'' <small>Lorenz, 1894</small> |''A. johnstoni'' <small>[[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1893</small> |''A. katangae'' <small>[[Einar Lönnberg|Lönnberg]], 1914</small> |''A. pallah'' <small>([[Paul Gervais|Gervais]], 1841)</small> |''A. rendilis'' <small>Lönnberg, 1912</small> |''A. typicus'' <small>Thomas, 1893</small> }} | range_map = Aepyceros melampus.svg | range_map_caption = Distribution: <div style="text-align:left; ">{{Legend2|green|Black-faced impala|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br /> {{Legend2|blue|Common impala|border=1px solid #aaa}} </div> }} [[Seswantšho:Impala in Serengeti, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|right|Phala, Serengeti]] [[Seswantšho:Impala.JPG|thumb|right|Diphala]] '''Phala''' ke phoofolo yeo e humanegago [[Afrika Borwa]]. == Dijo tša ka mehla == '''Phala'''('''''Aepyceros melampus''''') ke phuti ya bogolo bja magareng yeo e hwetšwago go [[Afrika Bohlabela|bohlabela]]. le [[borwa bja Afrika]]. Setho se nnoši se se sa lego gona sa [[genus]] ''Aepyceros'' le morafe wa Aepycerotini, e bile la mathomo [[tlhaloso ya mahlale|e hlalošitšwe]] go batheeletši ba Yuropa ke setsebi sa diphoofolo sa Jeremane [[Hinrich Lichtenstein]] ka 1812. [[mehuta e menyenyane ya diphedi) tše pedi ]] di a lemogwa—phala e tlwaelegilego, le phala e kgolo le e fifetšego ya sefahlego se se ntsho. phala e fihla legetleng. E na le boso bjo bo phadimago, bjo bohwibidu [[jase (phoofolo)|jase]]. [[Lenaka (anatomy)|manaka]] a e tona a tshesane, a sebopego sa [[lyre]] ke botelele bja {{cvt|45|–|92|cm}}. E šoma kudu [[:en:Diurnality|mosegare]], phala e ka ba [[:en:Gregarious|le lešata]] goba [[Territory (animal)|territorial]] go ya ka tlelaemete le thutafase. Dihlopha tše tharo tša leago tše di fapanego di ka hlokomelwa: tše tona tša selete, mehlape ya bachelor le mehlape ya basadi. phala e tsebja ka go tlola ga dimelo tše pedi tšeo di bopago leano la go lwantšha [[go ja|go ja]]. [[Go phetla (herbivory)|Diphensele]] gammogo le difudi, phala di ja [[monocot]]s, [[dicot]]s, [[forb]]s, [[fruit]]s le [[Acacieae| acacia]] diphotlwa (ne le neng le neng ha di fumaneha). [[Rut (mammalian reproduction)|rut]] ya ngwaga le ngwaga, ya dibeke tše tharo ya botelele e direga go ya mafelelong a sehla sa go kolobiša, ka tlwaelo ka Motsheganong. Ditona tše di rutting di lwa ka [[Dominance (ethology)|dominance]], gomme banna bao ba fentšego ba kgoro ya basadi ka [[oestrus]]. [[Go ima]] go tšea dikgwedi tše tshela go ya go tše šupago, gomme ka morago ga moo namane e tee e a belegwa gomme gatee-tee ya utollwa ka khupetšo. Dinamane di [[mamuša|a amušwa]] dikgwedi tše nne go ya go tše tshela; tše tona tše dinyenyane—tšeo di gapeletšwago go tšwa dihlopheng tša basadi ka moka—di tsenela mehlape ya bachelor, mola tše tshadi di ka dula morago. phala e hwetšwa ka mafelong a dithokgwa gomme ka dinako tše dingwe e le mo segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo ([[ecotone]]) magareng ga mafelo a dithokgwa le [[savanna]]hs; e dula mafelong a kgauswi le meetse. Le ge phala ya sefahlego se se ntsho e lekanyeditšwe ka borwa-bodikela [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Angola|Angola]] le [[Kaokoland]] ka leboa-bodikela [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Namibia|Namibia]], phala ye e tlwaelegilego e atile go ralala le lefelo la yona gomme e tsentšwe gape ka [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Gabon|Gabon]] le borwa bja Afrika. [[Mokgatlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Pabalelo ya Tlhago]] (IUCN) o hlopha phala bjalo ka [[go tshwenyega kudu|mehuta ya diphedi yeo e sa tshwenyegego kudu]]; mehuta ya diphedi ya sefahlego se se ntsho e arotšwe bjalo ka [[mehuta ya diphedi yeo e lego kotsing]], ka batho ba ka fase ga 1 000 bao ba šetšego nageng go fihla ka 2008. ==Etymology== Leina la kakaretšo la thutomahlale ''Aepyceros'' ({{abbr|lit.|ka go lebanya}} 'dinaka tše di phagamego') le tšwa go Segerika sa Bogologolo , e phagamego'). ==Taxonomy le tlhagelelo== {{seealso|Lenaneo la di-bovid}} phala ke [[mohuta wa monotypic|leloko le tee]] wa mohuta wa ''Aepyceros'' gomme ke wa [[lapa (biology)|lapa]] [[Bovidae]]. E bile la mathomo [[tlhaloso ya mahlale|e hlalošitšwe]] ke setsebi sa diphoofolo sa Jeremane [[Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein]] ka 1812.<ref name =MSW3>{{MSW3 Artiodactyla | id = 14200488 e le | pages = 673}}</ref> Ka 1984, setsebi sa dilo tša kgale [[Elisabeth Vrba]] se ile sa nea kgopolo ya gore phala ke [[taxon ya kgaetšedi]] go [[Alcelaphinae|alcelaphines]], ge go lebelelwa go swana ga yona le [[hartebeest]. ].<ref name="vrba">{{tsopola puku |mafelelo1 = Vrba |pele1 = E.S. |morulaganyi1-mafelelo = Eldredge |morulaganyi1-pele = N. |morulaganyi2-mafelelo = Stanley |morulaganyi2-pele = S.M. |title = Difosele tše di Phelago |letšatšikgwedi = 1984 |mogatiši = Springer |location = New York, USA |isbn = 978-1-4613-8271-3 |kgaolo = Mokgwa wa tlhagelelo le tshepedišo ka sehlopheng sa kgaetšedi sa Alcelaphini-Aepycerotini (Mammalia: Bovidae) |oclc = 10403493}}</ref> Thuto ya 1999 [[phylogenetic]] ka Alexandre Hassanin (ya [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|Senthara ya Bosetšhaba ya Dinyakišišo tša Mahlale, Paris]]) le bašomi mmogo, yeo e theilwego go [[mtDNA|mitochondrial]] le [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] ditshekatsheko, di bontšhitše gore phala e bopa [[clade]] le [[suni]] (''Neotragus moschatus''). Clade ye ke kgaetšedi go ye nngwe yeo e bopilwego ke [[bay duiker]] (''Cephalophus dorsalis'') le [[klipspringer]] (''Oreotragus oreotragus'').<ref name="Hassanin">{{cite jenale |ya mafelelo1 = Hassanin |ya pele1 = A. |mafelelo2 = Douzery |ya pele2 = E.J.P. |title = Kamano ya tlhagelelo ya saola ya sephiri (''Pseudoryx nghetinhensis'') ka gare ga seemo sa phylogeny ya dimolekule ya Bovidae |journal = [[Ditshepetšo tša Mokgatlo wa Kgoši B: Mahlale a Thutaphedi]] |letšatšikgwedi = 1999 |bolumo = 266 |taba = 1422 |matlakala = 893–900 |doi = 10.1098/rspb.1999.0720 |pmid = 10380679 |pmc = 1689916 }} {{phihlello e bulehileng}}</ref> E [[rRNA]] le [[spectrin|β -spectrin]] tshekatsheko ya tatelano ya nyutlelie ka 2003 e ile ya thekga gape tswalano magareng ga ''Aepyceros'' le ''[[Neotragus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Kuznetsova |first1 = M.V. |mafelelo2 = Kholodova |ya pele2 = M.V. |title = Poeletšo ya dikamano tša phylogenetic ka lapeng le lenyenyane la Antilopinae motheong wa tatelano ya dikarolwana tša leabela tša nyutlelie tša mitochondrial rRNA le β-spectrin |journal = Doklady Biological Sciences |ngwaga = 2003 |bolumo = 391 |taba = 1–6 |matlakala = 333– 6 |doi = 10.1023/A:1025102617714 |pmid = 14556525 |s2cid = 30920084 |issn = 1608-3105 }}</ref> Kladogram ye e latelago e theilwe godimo ga nyakišišo ya 1999:<ref leina="Hassanin" /> {{clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%; |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Nku]] (''Ovis aries'') |2={{clade |1=[[Bontebok]] (''Damaliscus pygargus'') |2=[[Sable antelope]] (''Hippotragus niger'') }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Klipspringer]] (''Oreotragus oreotragus'') |2=[[Bay duiker]] (''Cephalophus dorsalis'') }} |2={{clade |1='''Phala''' ('''''Aepyceros melampus''''') |2=[[Suni]] (''Neotragus moschatus'') }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Phuti ya Grant]] (''Nanger granti'') |2=[[Sekgomaretši sa lehlaka la thaba]] (''Redunca fulvorufula'') }} }} }} }} Go fihla go tše tshela [[subspecies]] di hlalošitšwe, le ge e le gore ke tše pedi fela tšeo di lemogwago ka kakaretšo motheong wa datha ya mitochondrial.<ref name="Nersting">{{cite journal |first1 = L.G. |last1 = Nersting |first2 = P. |last2 = Arctander |title = Phylogeography le pabalelo ya phala le kudu kudu |journal = Molecular Ecology |bolumo = 10 |tokollo = 3 |matlakala = 711–9 |ngwaga = 2001 |doi = 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01205.x |pmid = 11298982 |s2cid = 23102044 }}</ref> Le ge e le gore e swana ka sebopego,<ref name=kingdon /> mehuta ye nnyane e bontšha [[sekgala sa leabela]] se bohlokwa magareng ga tšona, gomme ga go na [[ditswaki (biology)|ditswaki]] magareng ga tšona tšeo di begilwego.<ref name=kingdon /><ref name="Lorenzen">{{tsopola journal |last1 = Lorenzen |first1 = E.D. |last2 = Arctander |first2 = P. |last3 = Siegismund |first3 = H.R. |title = Sebopego sa leabela sa selete le histori ya tlhagelelo ya phala (''Aepyceros melampus'') |journal = [[Journal of Heredity]] |date = 2006 |bolumo = 97 |tokollo = 2 |matlakala = 119–32 |doi = 10.1093/jhered/esj012 |pmid = 16407525 |doi-phihlello = mahala }} {{phihlello e bulehileng}}</ref> * ''A. m. melampus'' <small>Lichtenstein, 1812</small>: E tsebja bjalo ka phala ye e tlwaelegilego, e direga go putla bohlabela le borwa bja Afrika. Lefelo le le atologela go tloga bogareng bja [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Kenya|Kenya]] go ya go [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Afrika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]] le go ya bodikela go ya ka borwa-bohlabela [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Angola|Angola]]. * ''A. m. petersi'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Bocage]], 1879</small>: E tsebja e le phala ya sefahlego se se ntsho, e lekanyeditšwe ka borwa-bodikela bja Afrika, e direga ka leboa-bodikela [[Diphoofolo tša Lešoka tša Namibia|Namibia] ] le borwa-bodikela bja Angola. [[Setensele:Diphoofolo]] Go ya ka Vrba, phala e tšweletše go tšwa go rakgolokhukhu wa alcelaphine. O lemogile gore le ge rakgolokhukhu yo a na le [[Genetic divergence|divergence]] bonnyane makga a 18 ka dibopego tše di fapanego tše di fapanego ka sebopego, phalaa e tšwetše pele ka sebopego sa yona sa motheo bonyane mengwaga ye dimilione tše hlano.<ref name=vrba /><ref> {{tsopola puku|mafelelo1=Arctander|pele1=P.|mafelelo2=Kat|pele2=P.W.|mafelelo3=Simonsen|pele3=B.T.|mafelelo4=Siegismund|pele4=H.R.|morulaganyi1-mafelelo=Smith|morulaganyi1-pele=T.B.| editor2-last=Wayne|editor2-first=R.K.|title=Mekgwa ya Leabela ya Dimolekule ka Pabalelo|letšatšikgwedi=1996|mogatiši=Kgatišo ya Yunibesithi ya Oxford|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=978-0-19-534466-0|matlakala= 399–412|kgaolo=Diphatsa tša leabela tša palo ya diphala tša Kenya – ditlamorago tša pabalelo|chapter-url={{Google Books|id=QI8sdCHszY0C|letlakala=399|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 666957480}}</ref> Tše mmalwa [ [fossil]] mehuta e utolotšwe, go akaretša ''[[Aepyceros datoadeni|A. datoadeni]]'' go tšwa go [[Pliocene]] ya [[Ethiopia]].<ref name="Geraads2012">{{tsopola jenale |mafelelo1 = Geraads |pele1 = D. |mafelelo2 = Bobe |pele2 = R. | last3 = Reed |first3 = K. |title = Pliocene Bovidae (Mammalia) go tšwa go Sebopego sa Hadar sa Hadar le Ledi-Geraru, Awash ya Tlase, Ethiopia |journal = [[Journal ya Paleontology ya Diphedi tša Marapo a Marapo a Lerapo]] |letšatšikgwedi = 2012 |bolumo = 32 |issue = 1 |pages = 180–97 |doi = 10.1080/02724634.2012.632046 |s2cid = 86230742 }}</ref> Fossil ya kgale ye e utolotšwego e šišinya gore bagologolo ba yona ba bogologolo e be e le ye nnyane go feta sebopego sa sebjalebjale, eupša ka tsela ye nngwe e swana kudu ka moka dikarolo go ya mafelelo. Se se bolela gore phala e tlwaela tikologo ya yona ka mo go atlegilego go tloga mehleng ya pele ga histori. Tlhago ya yona ya gregarious, go fapafapana ga dijo, tshekamelo ye botse ya palo ya badudi, tšhireletšo kgahlanong le [[tick]]s le tswalano ya [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] le [[oxpecker]]s tšeo di fepago dikgofa di ka be di kgathile tema go thibela diphetogo tše kgolo ka sebopego le boitshwaro.<ref name=vrba /> ==Tlhaloso== [[File:ImpalaSerengetiNationalParkMar2011.jpg|thumbnail|upright|alt=Tona ya go itokiša Phaka ya Setšhaba ya Serengeti|Pono ya kgauswi ya e tona, ka dinaka tša sebopego sa lyre tša semelo, mosela wo mošweu le maswao a mmalwa a mantsho]] Phala ke [[phuti]] ya bogolo bja magareng, ye tshesane ye e swanago le [[kob]] goba [[Grant's gazelle]] ka go aga.<ref name="estes">{{cite book |last = Estes |first = R.D. |author-link = Richard Despard Estes |title = Tlhahlo ya Boitshwaro ya Diamusi tša Afrika: Go Akaretša Diamuši tša Ditlhako, Dijang tša Nama, Di-Primate |ngwaga = 2004 |mogatiši = Yunibesithi ya California Press |location = Berkeley, US |isbn = 978-0 -520-08085-0 |matlakala = 158–66 |kgatišo = 4th |url = {{Dipuku tša Google|letlakala=158|id=g977LsZHpcsC|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 19554262}}</ref> Hlogo- le-mmele bolelele bo pota.<ref name="Liebenberg">{{tsopola buka|mafelelo1 = Liebenberg |first1 = L. |title = Tlhahlo ya Tšimo ya Dipina tša Diphoofolo ya Borwa bja Afrika |letšatšikgwedi = 1990 |mogatiši = D. Philip |lefelo = Motse Kapa, ​​Afrika Borwa |isbn = 978-0-86486-132-0 |matlakala = 275–6 |url = {{Google Books|id=3Aco4wVvpdUC| page=275|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 24702472}}</ref> Ditona di fihla mo e ka bago {{convert|75|-|92|cm|in}} legetleng, mola tše tshadi e le {{convert|70|-|85|cm|ka}} ka botelele. Ditona ka tlwaelo di na le boima bja {{convert|53|-|76|kg|lb}} gomme tše tshadi di na le boima bja {{convert|40|-|53|kg|lb}}. [[Sexual dimorphism|Sexually dimorphic]], tše tshadi ga di na dinaka ebile di nnyane go feta tše tona. Ditona di gola dinaka tše di sesane, tša sebopego sa lyre {{convert|45|-|92|cm|in}} ka botelele.<ref name="estes" /> Dinaka, tšeo di nago le methaladi ye maatla le go arogana, di na le nkgokolo ka karolo gomme di na le sekoti mo motheo. Sebopego sa tšona sa go swana le sa arch se dumelela go kgokagana ga dinaka, e lego seo se thušago e tona go lahlela moganetši wa yona nakong ya dintwa; dinaka le tšona di šireletša legata go tshenyo.<ref name="kingdon" /><ref name="estes" /> Seaparo se se phadimago sa phala se bontšha mmala wa medumo ye mebedi{{snds}}mokokotlo wa mmala wo motsothwa wo mohwibidu le mahlakore a go ba le mmala wo mohwibidu; tše di fapana kudu le ka tlase ga mpa e tšhweu. Diponagalo tša sefahlego di akaretša mehele e mešweu go dikologa mahlo le seledu se se bofefo le [[nko]]. Ditsebe, {{convert|17|cm|in}} ka botelele, di na le dintlha tše ntsho.<ref name="kingdon" /><ref name=Stuart /> Methalo ye metšo e kitima go tšwa maragong go ya maotong a ka godimo a ka morago. Mosela wo mošweu wa dihlašana, {{convert|30|cm|in}} ka botelele, o na le mothalo wo motsothwa wo o tiilego go bapa le mothaladi wa bogareng.<ref name="Stuart">{{cite book|last1 = Stuart |first1 = C. |last2 = Stuart |first2 = T. |title = Tlhahlo ya Tšhemo ya Diamuši tša Borwa bja Afrika |letšatšikgwedi = 2001 |mogatiši = Struik Publishers |location = Motse Kapa, ​​Afrika Borwa |isbn = 978-1-86872-537-3 |letlakala = 210 |edition = 3rd |url = {{Google Books|id=sdY_sa1FPw0C|page=210|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 46643659}}</ref> Mmala wa phala o rwala go swana mo go tiilego le [[gerenuk]], yeo e nago le manaka a makopana gomme e hloka methalo ye metšo ya serope ya phala.<ref name=kingdon /> phala e na le [[scent gland]]s tšeo di khupeditšwego ke sehlopha se se ntsho sa moriri maotong a ka morago. [[Sebaceous gland]]s e tsepame phatleng gomme ya phatlalala setho sa banna ba ba bušago<ref name="estes" /><ref name="cavendish">{{cite book |last = Armstrong |first = M. | title = Diphoofolo tša Lešoka le Dimela |volume = 9| ngwaga = 2007 |mogatiši = Marshall Cavendish |lefelo = New York, US |isbn = 978-0-7614-7693-1 |kgatišo = 3rd |matlakala = 538–9 |url = {{Google Books|id=W7TJGrHh0yIC|letlakala =538|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 229311414}}</ref> di šoma kudu ka sehla sa go nyalana, mola tša ditshadi di hlabologile fela ka karolo gomme ga di fete diphetogo tša sehla.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Welsch |pele1 = U. |mafelelo2 = van Dyk |pele2 = G. |mafelelo3 = Moss |pele3 = D. |mafelelo4 = Feuerhake |pele4 = F. |thaetlele = Dikgeleswa tša letlalo tša phala tše tona le tše tshadi (''Aepyceros melampus ''): diphetogo tša mošomo wa sehla le mekgwa ya sephiri |journal = [[Dinyakišišo tša Disele le Dinama]] |letšatšikgwedi = 1998 |bolumo = 292 |tokollo = 2 |matlakala = 377–94 |doi = 10.1007/s004410051068|pmid = 9560480 | s2cid = 3127722 }}</ref> Go na le tše nne [[kgeleswa ya letswele|ditete]].<ref name="estes" /> Go mehuta ya ka fasana, phala ya sefahlego se se ntsho e kgolo kudu ebile e lefsifsi go feta phala ye e tlwaelegilego; [[melanism]] e na le maikarabelo a mmala wo motsothwa.<ref name="Hoven">{{tsopola puku|mafelelo1=Hoven|pele1=W.|morulaganyi1-mafelelo=van der Duim|morulaganyi1-pele=R.|morulaganyi2 -last=Lamers|editor2-first=M.|editor3-last=van Wijk|editor3-first=J.|title=Dipeakanyo tša Setheo tša Pabalelo, Tlhabollo le Boeti ka Bohlabela le Borwa bja Afrika|date=2015|publisher=Springer| location=Dordrecht, Netherlands|isbn=978-94-017-9528-9|matlakala=101–18|kgaolo=Dipolokelo tša dipapadi tša poraebete ka borwa bja Afrika|chapter-url={{Google Books|id=Tn5qBQAAQBAJ|letlakala=101| plainurl=yes}} |oclc = 895661132}}</ref> Se se hlaolago phala ya sefahlego se se ntsho ke mothalo wo moso, ka mahlakoreng ka bobedi a nko, wo o kitimago godimo go ya mahlong gomme o sesane ge o fihla phatleng.<ref name=Liebenberg /><ref name=Stuart /> Diphapano tše dingwe di akaretša ntlha ye kgolo ye ntsho tsebeng, le mosela wa bushier le wo o nyakilego go ba 30% wo motelele ka gare ga impala ya sefahlego se se ntsho.<ref name="kingdon">{{cite puku |mafelelo1 = Kingdon |ya pele1 = J. |mongwadi1-kgokaganyo = Jonathan Kingdon |mafelelo2 = Happold |pele2 = D. |mafelelo3 = Butynski |pele3 = T. |mafelelo4 = Happold |pele4 = M. |mafelelo5 = Hoffmann |pele5 = M. |mafelelo6 = Kalina |pele6 = J. |thaetlele = Diamusi tsa Afrika |ngwaga = 2013 |mogatiši = Bloomsbury Publishing Plc |lefelo = London, UK |isbn = 978-1-4081-8996-2 |matlakala = 479–84 |url={{Dipuku tša Google|id=B_07noCPc4kC|letlakala=RA4-PA479|plainurl =ee}} |oclc = 854973585} }</ref> Phala e na le peakanyo ye e kgethegilego ya meno mohlagare wa ka fase wa ka pele wo o swanago le [[sekhekhe sa meno]] seo se bonwego go [[Strepsirrhini|strepsirrhine primates]],<ref name="mckenzie">{{cite journal |last = McKenzie |first = A.A. |title = Sedirišwa sa go lokiša meno sa go rumina |journal = [[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |letšatšikgwedi = 1990 |bolumo = 99 |tokollo = 2 |matlakala = 117–28 |doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1990. tb00564.x }}</ref> yeo e šomišwago nakong ya [[allogrooming]] go kama boya hlogong le molaleng le go tloša [[ectoparasite]]s.<ref name="kingdon" /><ref name= "Mills">{{cite book |last1 = Mills |first1 = G. |last2 = Hes |first2 = L. |title = Puku e Feletseng ya Diamusi tsa Afrika Borwa |date = 1997 |publisher = Struik Publishers |location = Motse Kapa , Afrika Borwa |isbn = 978-0-947430-55-9 |letlakala = 271 |kgatišo = 1st |url = {{Google Books|id=CavgCweI1nMC|letlakala=271|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 37480533}} </ref> ==Ecology le boitshwaro== [[File:Impala AdeFrias.jpg|thumbnail|alt=phala e le gare ga moya nakong ya go tlola|Phala e ka tlolela go fihla go {{convert|3|m|ft}}.]] Phala ke ya mosegare (e šoma kudu mosegare), le ge e le gore mošomo o na le tshekamelo ya go kgaotša ka diiri tše fišago tša mosegare wa sekgalela; ba fepa le go khutša bošego.<ref name=estes /> Dihlopha tše tharo tša leago tše di fapanego di ka hlokomelwa{{snds}}[[Territory (animal)|territorial]] e tona, mehlape ya bachelor le mehlape ya basadi.<ref name=schenkel >{{tsopola jenale |mafelelo = Schenkel |pele = R. |title = Ka thuto ya leago le boitshwaro ka phala (''Aepyceros melampus'') Lichtenstein |journal = [[African Journal of Ecology]] |ngwaga = 1966 |bolumo = 4 |issue = 1 |matlakala = 99–114 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1966.tb00887.x }}</ref> Ditona tša selete di swara mafelo moo di ka bopago [[Harem (thuto ya diphoofolo)|harems]]. ya ditshadi; mafelo a arotšwe ka moroto le mantle gomme a šireletšwa kgahlanong le bahlasedi ba bafsa goba ba banna.<ref name=estes /> Mehlape ya Bachelor e na le go ba ye nnyane, ka maloko a ka fase ga 30. Batho ka bomong ba boloka bokgole bja go tšwa go yo mongwe; mola tše tona tše dinyenyane le tše dikgolo di ka dirišana, tše tona tša nywaga ya magareng ka kakaretšo di a phemana ka ntle le go spar. Mehlape ya tshadi e fapana ka bogolo go tloga go 6 go ya go 100; mehlape e tšea [[lefelo la gae]]s ya {{convert|80|-|180|ha|acre sqmi}}. Tlemo ya mma–namane e a fokola, gomme e a kgaoga kapejana ka morago ga go kgweša; bana ba banyenyane ba tlogela mehlape ya bommago bona go yo kopanela le mehlape e mengwe. Mehlape ya tshadi e na le go ba ye e lokologilego gomme e se na boetapele bjo bo lego molaleng.<ref name=estes /><ref name=murray>{{cite journal|last = Murray |first = M.G. |title = Sebopego sa tswalano ka phala, ''Aepyceros melampus'' |journal = [[Ekoloji ya Boitshwaro le Thutaphedi ya Leago]] |letšatšikgwedi = 1981 |bolumo = 9 |tokollo = 1 |matlakala = 23–33 |doi = 10.1007/BF00299849 |s2cid = 24117010 }}</ref> Allogrooming ke mokgwa wa bohlokwa wa tirišano ya leago ka mehlapeng ya bachelor le ya basadi; ge e le gabotse, phala e bonala e le yona feela [[ungulate]] yeo e bontšhago go itokiša gotee le go lokiša. Ka go alllogrooming, ditshadi ka tlwaelo di lokiša diphala tšeo di tswalanago, mola tše tona di gwerana le tšeo di sa tswalanago le tšona. Molekane yo mongwe le yo mongwe o lokiša ye nngwe ka makga a tshela go ya go a lesomepedi.<ref name="hart">{{cite journal |last1 = Hart |first1 = B.L. |last2 = Hart |first2 = L.A. |title = Reciprocal alllogrooming in impala, ''Aepyceros melampus'' |journal = [[Boitshwaro bja Diphoofolo (journal)|Boitshwaro bja Diphoofolo]] |ngwaga = 1992 |bolumo = 44 |taba = 6 | matlakala = 1073–1083 |doi = 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80319-7 |s2cid = 53165208 }}</ref> [[Faele:Impala-stotting.jpg|monwana o mogolo|ka go le letshadi|Empala [[stotting]]]] Boitshwaro bja leago bo tutuetšwa ke boemo bja leratadima le thutafase; ka ge go le bjalo, diphala ke tša tšhemo ka dinako tše itšego tša ngwaga gomme di na le sehlopha ka dinako tše dingwe, gomme botelele bja dinako tše bo ka fapana kudu gare ga baagi. Ka mohlala, baagi ba ka borwa bja Afrika ba bontšha boitshwaro bja selete feela dikgweding tše sego kae tša [[Rut (mammalian reproduction)|rut]], mola ka baagi ba ka bohlabela bja Afrika, territoriality e le e nyenyane kudu go sa šetšwe sehla sa go nyalana se se telele. Go feta fao, banna ba territorial gantši ba kgotlelela bachelors, gomme ba ka ba ba fapantšha magareng ga bachelorhood le territoriality ka dinako tše di fapanego tša ngwaga. Thuto ya phala ka [[Serengeti National Park]] e bontšhitše gore go 94% ya banna, territoriality e ile ya bonwa ka fase ga dikgwedi tše nne.<ref name=estes /> Phala ke mohuta wa bohlokwa wa phoofolo ya go bolawa ya [[dijana tša nama]] tše mmalwa, go swana le [[cheetah]]s, [[leopard|leopards,]] [[African wild dog|wild dogs]] le [[tau]]s . Antilope e bontšha go tlola ga semelo tše pedi{{snds}}e ka tlola go fihla go {{convert|3|m|ft}}, godimo ga dimela gaešita le phala tše dingwe, e akaretša bokgole bja go fihla go {{convert|10|m|ft}. }; mohuta o mongwe wa go tlola o akaretša lelokelelo la go tlola moo phoofolo e kotamago maotong a yona a ka pele, e sepetša maoto a yona a ka morago moyeng ka mokgwa wa go raga, e kotama ka maoto a mane ([[stotting]]) gomme ka morago ya boela morago. E tlola ka mokgwa wo mongwe le wo mongwe ka mahlakoreng a go fapana, mohlomongwe go gakantšha diphoofolo tše di jago diphoofolo.<ref name=kingdon /><ref>{{cite web |url = http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/impala/ |title = Impala: ''Aepyceros melampus'' |publisher = [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] |access-date = 6 May 2014 |archive-date = 7 February 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100207175127/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/impala/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> Ka dinako tše dingwe, phala e ka iphihla gape ka gare ga dimela gore e tšhabe leihlo ya phoofolo e jago.<ref name=Nowak>{{tsopola puku |mafelelo = Nowak |pele = R.M. |title = Diamuši tša Lefase tša Walker |bolumo= 2 |ngwaga = 1999 |mogatiši = Bogatišetšo bja Yunibesithi ya Johns Hopkins |lefelo = Baltimore, USA |isbn = 978-0-8018-5789-8 |matlakala = 1194–6 |kgatišo = 6th |oclc = 39045218}}</ref> Lentšu leo ​​le tšwelelago kudu ke go rora mo gogolo, mo go tlišwago ka go rora mo gogolo go tee go ya go tše tharo ka molomo o tswaletšwe, gomme gwa latelwa ke go ngunanguna mo go tseneletšego go gabedi go ya go lesome ka molomo o bulegile gomme seledu le mosela di emišitšwe; go rora mo go tlwaelegilego go ka kwewa go fihla go {{convert|2|km|mi}} kgole.<ref name=estes /> Diphiri tša tšhika ya monkgo di hlaola e tona ya selete.<ref name="Kingdon1989">{{cite book|last1 = Kingdon |first1 = J. |author-link = Jonathan Kingdon |title = Diamuši tša Afrika Bohlabela: Atlelase ya Tlhagelelo Afrika |bolumo = 3 |letšatšikgwedi = 1989 |mogatiši = Academic Press |location = London, UK |isbn = 978 -0-226-43725-5 |matlakala = 462–74 |url = {{Dipuku tša Google|id=JiHqC9ROZTQC|letlakala=462|plainurl=ee}} |oclc = 48864096}}</ref> Di-Phala di dula fase; banna ba bagolo le ba mengwaga ya magareng, kudukudu, ba ka swara mafelo a bona mengwaga.<ref name="estes" /> ===Dipherase=== Dikgofa tše di tlwaelegilego tša [[Ixodidae|ixodid]] tšeo di kgobokeditšwego go tšwa go phala di akaretša ''[[Amblyomma hebraeum]]'', ''[[Boophilus decoloratus]]'', ''[[Hyalomma marginatum]]'', ''[[ Ixodes cavipalpus]]'', ''[[Rhipicephalus appendiculatus]]'' le ''[[Lešobana la hlogo evertsi|R. evertsi]]''.<ref leina=Mooring1995>{{tsopola jenale |mafelelo1 = Mooring |pele1 = M.S. |title = Phello ya tlhohlo ya letšhollo go seelo sa go itokiša ka phala |journal = Boitshwaro bja Diphoofolo |letšatšikgwedi = 1995 |bolumo = 50 |tokollo = 2 |matlakala = 377–92 |doi = 10.1006/anbe.1995.0253 |s2cid = 53185353 |url = http://www.pointloma.edu/mafelo/default/difaele/molaodi wa difaele/Thutaphedi/Lefapha/Mooring/Publications/1995-Tick_tlhohlo_impala_go itokiša_Boitshwaro_ bja Diphoofolo.pdf |url-status = e hwile |archive-url = https://web.archive .org/web/20161012005200/http://www.pointloma.edu/sites/default/files/filemanager/Biology/Lefapha/Mooring/Publications/1995-Tlhohlo_ya_Tick_impala_go lokiša_Boitshwaro_ bja Diphoofolo.pdf |letšatšikgwedi-a-polokelo = 12 Diphalane 2016 |df = dmy -ka moka }}</ref><ref>{{tsopola jenale |mafelelo1 = Gallivan |pele1 = G.J. |mafelelo2 = Culverwell |ya pele2 = J. |mafelelo3 = Girdwood |ya pele3 = R. |mafelelo4 = Ngaka ya go bua |ya pele4 = G.A. |title = Dikgofa tša ixodid tša phala (''Aepyceros melampus'') ka Swaziland: mafelelo a sehlopha sa mengwaga, bong, maemo a mmele le taolo |journal = South African Journal of Zoology |letšatšikgwedi = 1995 |bolumo = 30 |tokollo = 4 | matlakala = 178–86 |doi = 10.1080/02541858.1995.11448385 |doi-phihlello = mahala }} {{phihlello e bulehileng}}</ref><ref>{{tsopola jenale |mafelelo1 = Horak |pele1 = I.G. |title = Diphelakadingwe tša diphoofolo tša ka gae le tša naga mo Afrika Borwa. XV. Go ata ga sehla ga diphelakadingwe tša ka ntle go Phala le dikgomo ka Leboa la Transvaal |journal = The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research |letšatšikgwedi = 1982 |bolumo = 49 |taba = 2 |matlakala = 85–93 |pmid = 7177586 }}</ref> Ka go [[Wildlife of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], go hlaselwa kudu ke dikgofa tša go swana le ''R. appendiculatus'' e ipontšhitše e le sebaki se segolo seo se hlotšego mahu a magolo a di-ungulates, ka ge di ka lebiša go [[go golofala ga dikgofa]]. Phala e na le diphetogo tše di kgethegilego bakeng sa go itokiša, tše bjalo ka thulaganyo ya tšona ya meno yeo e hlaolago, bakeng sa go laola dikgofa pele di tsena; lega go le bjalo, go itokiša mo gogolo mo go nyakegago bakeng sa go boloka morwalo wa dikgofa o le ka tlase ga taolo go akaretša kotsi ya go felelwa ke meetse mmeleng nakong ya selemo, go phafoga mo gonyenyane malebana le diphoofolo tše di jago diphoofolo le go apara ga meno ganyenyane-ganyenyane. Thuto e bontšhitše gore Phala e beakanya nako yeo e neetšwego go itokiša le palo ya ditlhaselo tša go itokiša go ya ka go ata ga ditšhošane ka sehla.<ref name=Mooring1995 /> Impala ba symbiotically amanang le [[oxpecker]]s,<ref>Mikula P, Hadrava J, Albrecht T, Tryjanowski P. (2018) Tekolo e khōlō ea commensalistic–mutualistic mekhatlo pakeng tsa linonyana tsa Afrika le liamusi tse ja limela sebelisa lifoto tsa inthanete. PeerJ 6:e4520 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4520</ref> tšeo di jago dikgofa go tšwa dikarolong tšeo tša mmele wa phuti tšeo phoofolo e sa kgonego go di fihlelela ka boyona (go swana le ditsebe, molala, mahlo, phatla le ka tlase ga mpa). Impala ke ungulate ye nnyane kudu yeo di- oxpecker di tswalanywago le yona. Thutong go ile gwa lemogwa gore di- oxpecker di ile tša hlokomela ka go kgetha impala go sa šetšwe go ba gona ga diphoofolo tše dingwe tše bjalo ka [[Coke’s hartebeest]], Grant’s gazelle, [[Thomson’s gazelle]] le [[topi]]. Tlhaloso ye e kgonegago ya se e ka ba gore ka lebaka la gore impala e dula dinageng tša dithokgwa (tšeo di ka bago le segokanyipalo se segolo sa dikgofa), impala e ka ba le boima bjo bogolo bja dikgofa ka yuniti ya lefelo la bokagodimo bja mmele.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Hart |ya pele1 = B.L. |mafelelo2 = Hart |pele2 = L.A. |mafelelo3 = Mooring |pele3 = M.S. |title = Go nyaka dijo ka go fapana ga di-oxpecker go impala ge go bapetšwa le mehuta ya diphuti tša sympatric |journal = African Journal of Ecology |letšatšikgwedi = 1990 |bolumo = 28 |taba = 3 |matlakala = 240–9 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1990 .tb01157.x |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229520029 }} {{open access}}</ref> Thuto e nngwe e bontšhitše gore di-oxpecker di rata ditsebe go feta dikarolo tše dingwe tša mmele, mohlomongwe ka gobane dikarolo tše di bontšha palomoka ya tšharakano ya dikgofa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Mooring |first1 = M.S. |last2 = Mundy |first2 = P.J. |title = Ditirišano magareng ga impala le di-oxpecker kua Phaka ya Setšhaba ya Matobo, Zimbabwe |journal = African Journal of Ecology |letšatšikgwedi = 1996 |bolumo = 34 |tokollo = 1 |matlakala = 54–65 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1996.tb00594.x |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227814876 }} {{phihlello e bulehileng}}</ref> Nonyana e boetse e hlokometsoe e dulela hodima [ [udders]] ya tshadi le go utswa [[milk]] ya yona].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hussain Kanchwala |title=Re Thomile Bjang Go Nwa Maswi A Diphedi? Naa Rena Rena Rena Feela Mehuta Ya Diphedi Go Nwa Maswi A Mehuta E Mengwe? |journal=ScienceABC |date=2022 |url=https://www.scienceabc.com/batho/mehuta ya diphedi e nwa-maswi-mohuta-yo mongwe.html}}</ref> [[Louse|Dinta]] tše di ngwadilwego go tšwa go impala di akaretša ''[[Damalinia aepycerus]]'', ''[[Damalinia elongata|D. elongata]]'', ''[[Linognathus aepycerus]]'' le ''[[Linognathus nevilli|L. nevilli]]''; nyakišišong, [[ivermectin]] (sehlare kgahlanong le diphelakadingwe) e hweditšwe e na le mafelelo go mehuta ya ''Boophilus decoloratus'' le ''Linognathus'', le ge e se go mehuta ya ''Damalinia''.<ref>{ {tsopola jenale |mafelelo1 = Horak |pele1 = I.G. |last2 = Boomker |first2 = J. |last3 = Kingsley |first3 = S.A. |last4 = De Vos |first4 = V. |title = Go šoma gabotse ga ivermectin kgahlanong le diphelakadingwe tša helminth le tša di-arthropod tša impala |journal = Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |date = 1983 |volume = 54 |issue = 4 |pages = 251–3 |pmid = 6689430 }}</ref> Thutong ya impala ka Afrika Borwa, palo ya [[seboko]]s ka bafsa e bontšhitše koketšego ge nywaga e dutše e e-ya, e fihla tlhoreng ge impala e fetša ngwaga. Thuto ye e ngwadile diboko tša meloko ya go swana le ''[[Cooperia (nematode)|Cooperia]]'', ''[[Cooperoides]]'', ''[[Fasciola]]'', ''[[Gongylonema]]. ''. ''[[Haemonchus]]'', ''[[Impalaia]]'', ''[[Longistrongylus]]'' le ''[[Trichostrongylus]]''; tše dingwe tša tše di bontšhitše diphetogo tša sehla tša segokanyipalo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Horak |first1 = I.G. |title = Diphelakadingwe tša diphoofolo tša ka gae le tša naga mo Afrika Borwa. X. Dihelminth ka impala |journal = The Onderstepoort Journal of Dinyakišišo tša Bongaka bja Diphoofolo |letšatšikgwedi = 1978 |bolumo = 45 |tokollo = 4 |matlakala = 221–8 |pmid = 572950 }}</ref> Imapala e bontšha kgafetšakgafetša ya godimo ya [[boitshwaro bja go itšhireletša]]s go dikhunkhwane tše di fofago.<ref name="Auty-et-al-2016">{{cite journal | last1=Auty | pele1=Harriet | last2=Morrison | pele2=Liam J. | last3=Torr | pele3=Stephen J. | last4=Morena | pele4=Jennifer | title=Dynamics ya Phetišetšo ya Bolwetši bja go Robala bja Rhodesia go Kgokagano ya Mafelo a Diphoofolo tša Lešoka le Diruiwa | journal=[[Ditshekamelo tša Thuto ya Diphelakadingwe]] | mogatiši=[[Kgatišo ya Sele]] | bophahamo ba modumo=32 | taba=8 | ngwaga=2016 | issn = 1471-4922 e r e doi = 10,1016 / j.pt.2016.05.003 | matlakala=608–621| pmid=27262917 e r e url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/215396/1/215396.pdf }}</ref> Le mohlomongwe ke lebaka la gore Vale 1977 le Clausen et al 1998 ba hwetše fela [[maemo a go latela]] a go fepa ka ''Glossina'' ([[tsetse fofa]]) godimo ga impala.<ref name="Auty-et-al-2016" /> ==Ditšhupetšo== {{Reflist}} == Phatlalatso le bodulo bja tlhago == š [[Seswantšho:Aepyceros_melampus_Impala_in_Tanzania_3490_Nevit.jpg|alt=A herd in Tanzania|right|thumb| Di-Impala di dula mafelong a dithokgwa]] Phala e dula ka gare ga dithokgwa ka lebaka la gore e rata mafelo a nago le moriti; gape e ka hwetšwa mafelong a magareng (ecotone) ao a kopanyago dithokgwa le mašoka. Mafelo ao a lego kgauswi le methopo ya meetse a a ratwa kudu. Ka borwa bja Afrika, palo ya diphala gantši e tswalanywa le dithokgwa tša Colophospermum mopane le Acacia. Dikgetho tša bodulo di a fapana go ya ka dipaka tša ngwaga – dithokgwa tša Acacia senegal di kgethwa kudu nakong ya pula, mola mašoka a A. drepanolobium a kgethwa nakong ya komelelo. Lebaka le lengwe leo le ka tutuetšago kgetho ya bodulo ke go ba kotsing ya go hlaselwa ke dibata; diphala gantši di phema mafelo ao a nago le bjang bjo botelele ka gobane dibata di ka iphitlha moo. Nyakišišo e hweditše gore go fokotšega ga sekhurumetšo sa dithokgwa le go hlongwa ga mafelo a mehlare ya dithokgwa tše nnyane (shrublands) ka lebaka la ditlou tša Afrika go thušitše palo ya diphala ka go oketša go hwetšagala ga dijo tša go kgotla matlakala nakong ya komelelo. Nakong ya kgale, dithokgwa tša Baikiaea, tšeo ga bjale di fokotšegilego ka lebaka la ditlou, di be di fa diphala dijo tše nnyane kudu tša go kgotla matlakala. Ka lehlakoreng le lengwe, lefelo le lefsa la mehlare ya Capparis leo le hlamilwego le ka ba bodulo bja bohlokwa bja go hwetša dijo tša go kgotla matlakala. Diphala ka kakaretšo ga di tswalanywe le mafelo a dithaba ; le ga go le bjalo, kua [[KwaZulu Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]], diphala di begilwe di hwetša mafelong ao a lego godimo ga dimetatra tše 1400(dimithara tše 4600) ka godimo ga bophagamo bja lewatle. <ref name="Skinner" /> Mafelo a histori ao diphala di kile tša hwetšagala go ona – go phatlaletša borwa le bohlabela bja Afrika – a sa dutše a le gona ka tekanyo e kgolo, le ge di ile tša hwelela mafelong a mmalwa, go swana le Burundi. Lefelo leo di phatlaletšego go lona le thoma ka bogareng le borwa bja Kenya le ka leboa-bohlabela bja Uganda ka bohlabela, la fihla ka leboa la KwaZulu-Natal ka borwa, gomme la ya ka thoko ya bodikela go fihla Namibia le ka borwa bja Angola. Phala ya sefahlego se setsho e hwetšwa fela ka borwa-bodikela bja Angola le Kaokoland ka leboa-bodikela bja Namibia; seemo sa mohuta wo wa diphala ga se sa hlahlobja go tloga ka mengwaga ya bo-2000. Phala ya go tlwaelega e na le kwalakwatso e kgolo kudu, gomme e tsentšwe mafelong ao a šireleditšwego kua Gabon le mafelong ao fapanego a borwa bja Afrika. hcs0nbccngoctnokt3d3vqgpxevblbn 0 12834 55392 51219 2026-08-07T07:12:55Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346325842|Khanyi Mbau]]" 55392 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Khanyisile Mbau''' ke sebapadi sa Afrika Borwa, seopedi sa mmino, motšweletši wa thelebišene le modirišani wa leago. O temogilwe bjalo ka Doobsie ya bobedi go SABC 2’s soap opera ''Muvhango'' (2004–2005); <ref name="briefly">{{Cite web |last=Karen |first=Carol |date=26 April 2019 |title=Khanyi Mbau Biography: Age, Siblings, Daughter, Brother, Dresses, Cars, House and Net Worth |url=https://briefly.co.za/28693-khanyi-mbau-biography-age-siblings-daughter-brother-dresses-cars-house-net-worth.html |publisher=briefly.co.za}}</ref> bjalo ka Mbali ka go soap opera ya SABC 1 ''Mzansi'' le lelokelelo le lenyenyane la SABC 1 ''la ka morago ga senyane'' . Go tloga ka 2018, Ke moamogedi wa lenaneo la boithabišo la SABC 3 ''la The Scoop'' and ''The Big Secret'' go BET Africa, gomme o bapala Tshidi go ''Abomama ya go Mzansi Magic.'' [[Khanyisile Mbau]] o belegwe ka la 16 Diphalane 1985. Mmagwe e lego Lynette Sisi Mbau, o be a šoma lefapheng la tša ditšhelete la letlole la phenšene kua Barclays Bank . Tatagwe e lego Menzi Mcunu, o be a se a nyala mmagwe ka nako yeo ka ge baratani ba ba be ba ratana fela. Mcunu o be a se na tleleimi go ngwana eupša o ile a mo reela leina le ge go le bjalo: Khanyisile, yo a tlišago seetša. Mbau o ile a boloka sefane sa mmagwe. Go se go ye kae Lynette o tlogetše lesea Khanyi le batswadi ba gagwe kua Mofolo, Soweto gomme a boela mošomong, a tlogela koko wa gagwe a nyakile a mo godiša.<ref>http://www.channelafrica.co.za/sabc/home/metrofm/line-up/djs/details?id=1cd20011-3d61-4177-a3f8-e421827387a2&title=Khanyi%20Mbau</ref> == Bophelo bja mathomo == Khanyisile Mbau o belegwe ka la 16 Diphalane 1985. Mmagwe, Lynette Sisi Mbau, o be a šoma lefapheng la tša ditšhelete la sekhwama sa diphenšene kua Barclays Bank . Tatagwe, Menzi Mcunu, o be a se a nyalana le mmagwe ka nako yeo ka ge bobedi bja bona ba be ba sa ratana fela. Mcunu o be a se na tokelo ya go ipolela gore ke tatago ngwana,eupša le ge go le bjale o ile a mo rea leina la Khanyisile (yo a tlišago seetša). Mbau o ile a tšwela pele a šomiša sefane sa mmagwe. Lynette ka morago o ile a tlogela lesea Khanyi le batswadi ba gawe kua Mofolo,Soweto,gomme a boela mošomong,moomakgoloagwe a ilego a mo godiša mo e nyakilego go ba yena a nnoši. Borakgolo le bomakgolo ba Mbau ba be ba na le mokgwa wa bophelo wa sekgowa kudu ka tsela yeo ba bego ba apara le go lebelela lefase ka yona..Mbau o rile, "Gladys (makgolo wa gagwe) o be a tla go hlaba ka lehlaka ge o ka roba melao. O be a laola lapa la gagwe ka serithi le tlhokomelo ya dintlha tšeo di swanago le tša Buckingham Palace ". Mbau ka lerato o be a mmitša "Kgošigadi ya Engelane". <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=Real Talk with Anele Season 3 Episode 42 - Khanyi Mbau |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofase0b26uY |access-date=13 July 2019 |website=YouTube |publisher=Real Talk}}</ref> ftox6n9iyeewde1umpphdns82f1t2lz 0 13075 55387 52109 2026-08-07T01:05:23Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55387 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Khutso Steven Kgatla''', yo a tsebegago kudu ka leina la gagwe la sefala '''King Monada''', ke seopedi sa Afrika Borwa, mongwadi wa dikoša wa metlae, le motšweletši wa direkhoto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Monada Biography: Life, Career, and Legacy |url=https://100percentsurewins.com/king-monada-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |archive-date=2025-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506132625/https://100percentsurewins.com/king-monada-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> O ile a tuma ka morago ga go ntšha dikoša tšeo di latelago "Ska Bhora Moreki" (2016) le "Malwedhe" (2018), tseo di ilego tša fihla maemong a godimo a #9 iTunes Chart le #54 Apple Music Chart . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Malwedhe - King Monada |url=https://www.top-charts.com/s/malwedhe-king-monada |access-date=14 April 2021 |publisher=top-charts.com}}</ref> O tsebega ka go opela ka polelo ya Khelobedu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Monada gets people moving on the dance floor |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016-10-15-king-monada-gets-people-moving-on-the-dance-floor/ |access-date=2019-11-16 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> yeo e lego ye nngwe ya dimmotwana tša [[Sesotho sa Leboa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Monada Ex Yaka |url=https://afrobeat.co.za/download-mp3-music/king-monada-ex-yaka/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Afrobeatza |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Bophelo le mošomo == Khutso Steven Kgatla o belegwe ka la 25 dibatsela 1992 kua [[Tzaneen]] ka [[Limpopo]] . Monada o na le baratho ba babedi le bana babo ba bangwe ba babedi. O tsene sekolo sekolong sa tlasana sa Sebone le sekolong se se phagamego sa Magoza moo a ilego a tlogela sekolo ka Mphato wa 8 go tšwetša pele mošomo wa gagwe wa mmino. Ka la 9 dibatsela 2018, '''Malwedhe''' e ile ya lokollwa gomme ya boutela #2 go Ukhozi FM Song Of The Year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Essential Bolobedu House Tracks to Check Out If You Love ‘Jerusalema’ by Master KG |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/master-kg-jerusalema-bolobedu-house-tracks-check-out/ |website=okayafricasite}}</ref> == Bophelo bja motho ka noši == O nyetše Lerato Ramawela le Cynthia Nthebatse Leon. <ref name="Briefly">{{Cite web |last=Kinuthia |first=Peter |date=30 January 2020 |title=Here is all about King Monada: The king of Bolobedu music |url=https://briefly.co.za/51067-king-monada-age-real-children-spouse-parents-songs-albums-record-label-cars-house-profiles.html |website=briefly.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Second queen joins Monada's castle |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/amp/sundayworld/news/2019-05-19-second-queen-joins-monadas-castle/ |website=SowetanLIVE}}</ref> == Diskhokrafi == * ''[[Molamo]]'' (2016) M * ''[[Noka Yao Goma]]'' (2020) . * ''[[wa mpona na]]'' (2022) . * ''Lefelo'' (2023) . * ''[[Lemenemene]]'' (2023) (2023) 1.1. {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Difoka ! Legoro ! Dipoelo ! Ref. |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 ya go | rowspan="3" | [[Limpopo Music Awards|LIMA]] | koša ya Khelobedu ye hlwahlwa |go thopile | |- | koša ya ngwaga |go thopile |<ref name="Sowetan">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2019 |title=Sho Madjozi, King Monada lead Limpopo Music Awards nominations |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/amp/entertainment/2019-08-27-sho-madjozi-king-monada-lead-limpopo-music-awards-nominations/ |website=SowetanLIVE}}</ref> |- | Tirišano ye kaone ya sehlopha |go thopile |<ref name="Sowetan" /> |- | 2020 ya | Dstv MVCA ya | Sehlopha sa Mmino wo o Ratwago |go thopile |<ref name="Sowetan" /> |} == methopo == {{DEFAULTSORT:Monada, King}} <references /> hucxtayvmrermy5s73j2x1d5y99hhb1 55388 55387 2026-08-07T01:05:25Z KiranBOT 7753 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s 55388 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Khutso Steven Kgatla''', yo a tsebegago kudu ka leina la gagwe la sefala '''King Monada''', ke seopedi sa Afrika Borwa, mongwadi wa dikoša wa metlae, le motšweletši wa direkhoto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Monada Biography: Life, Career, and Legacy |url=https://100percentsurewins.com/king-monada-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |archive-date=2025-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506132625/https://100percentsurewins.com/king-monada-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> O ile a tuma ka morago ga go ntšha dikoša tšeo di latelago "Ska Bhora Moreki" (2016) le "Malwedhe" (2018), tseo di ilego tša fihla maemong a godimo a #9 iTunes Chart le #54 Apple Music Chart . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Malwedhe - King Monada |url=https://www.top-charts.com/s/malwedhe-king-monada |access-date=14 April 2021 |publisher=top-charts.com}}</ref> O tsebega ka go opela ka polelo ya Khelobedu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Monada gets people moving on the dance floor |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016-10-15-king-monada-gets-people-moving-on-the-dance-floor/ |access-date=2019-11-16 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> yeo e lego ye nngwe ya dimmotwana tša [[Sesotho sa Leboa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Monada Ex Yaka |url=https://afrobeat.co.za/download-mp3-music/king-monada-ex-yaka/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Afrobeatza |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Bophelo le mošomo == Khutso Steven Kgatla o belegwe ka la 25 dibatsela 1992 kua [[Tzaneen]] ka [[Limpopo]] . Monada o na le baratho ba babedi le bana babo ba bangwe ba babedi. O tsene sekolo sekolong sa tlasana sa Sebone le sekolong se se phagamego sa Magoza moo a ilego a tlogela sekolo ka Mphato wa 8 go tšwetša pele mošomo wa gagwe wa mmino. Ka la 9 dibatsela 2018, '''Malwedhe''' e ile ya lokollwa gomme ya boutela #2 go Ukhozi FM Song Of The Year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Essential Bolobedu House Tracks to Check Out If You Love ‘Jerusalema’ by Master KG |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/master-kg-jerusalema-bolobedu-house-tracks-check-out/ |website=okayafricasite}}</ref> == Bophelo bja motho ka noši == O nyetše Lerato Ramawela le Cynthia Nthebatse Leon. <ref name="Briefly">{{Cite web |last=Kinuthia |first=Peter |date=30 January 2020 |title=Here is all about King Monada: The king of Bolobedu music |url=https://briefly.co.za/51067-king-monada-age-real-children-spouse-parents-songs-albums-record-label-cars-house-profiles.html |website=briefly.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Second queen joins Monada's castle |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2019-05-19-second-queen-joins-monadas-castle/ |website=SowetanLIVE}}</ref> == Diskhokrafi == * ''[[Molamo]]'' (2016) M * ''[[Noka Yao Goma]]'' (2020) . * ''[[wa mpona na]]'' (2022) . * ''Lefelo'' (2023) . * ''[[Lemenemene]]'' (2023) (2023) 1.1. {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga ! Difoka ! Legoro ! Dipoelo ! Ref. |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 ya go | rowspan="3" | [[Limpopo Music Awards|LIMA]] | koša ya Khelobedu ye hlwahlwa |go thopile | |- | koša ya ngwaga |go thopile |<ref name="Sowetan">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2019 |title=Sho Madjozi, King Monada lead Limpopo Music Awards nominations |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-27-sho-madjozi-king-monada-lead-limpopo-music-awards-nominations/ |website=SowetanLIVE}}</ref> |- | Tirišano ye kaone ya sehlopha |go thopile |<ref name="Sowetan" /> |- | 2020 ya | Dstv MVCA ya | Sehlopha sa Mmino wo o Ratwago |go thopile |<ref name="Sowetan" /> |} == methopo == {{DEFAULTSORT:Monada, King}} <references /> 3acnup7drwbtc1psjip1ba1v17xnmni 2 13453 55384 54553 2026-08-06T19:31:38Z Sarinki 8349 55384 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina laka ke Sarinki [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[Draft 5]] ddeizx0ai78yh8m7e2nwatdbu4ff287 55385 55384 2026-08-06T19:34:59Z Sarinki 8349 55385 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina laka ke Sarinki [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[Mošomi:Sarinki/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[Draft 5/|Draft 5]] 30vtz5sio32gqm7hd587ftfmp1ff5r1 2 13535 55366 53595 2026-08-06T12:32:24Z Mokgalakaa 8366 /* */ 55366 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina laka ke Mokgalakaa [[Mošomi:Mokgalakaa/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Mošomi:Mokgalakaa/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 3]] mba9dd328ig8p8k65f1pd57rjexn6j3 55367 55366 2026-08-06T12:33:01Z Mokgalakaa 8366 /* */ 55367 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina laka ke Mokgalakaa [[Mošomi:Mokgalakaa/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Mošomi:Mokgalakaa/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 3|des 3]] ktxty5qforzhahpzzc0hw7xxtn4z9j0 55368 55367 2026-08-06T12:33:45Z Mokgalakaa 8366 /* */ 55368 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina laka ke Mokgalakaa [[Mošomi:Mokgalakaa/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[Mošomi:Mokgalakaa/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Draft 3|des 3]] [[Desry 3]] 9erc2112dvwmbuduxw6nlwxcej86q7m 0 13570 55390 53635 2026-08-07T02:22:27Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Seswantšho:Spatlo01.jpg|thumb|Se ke sphatlho]] '''Sphahlo''' ke dijo tša go dirwa ka kotara ya borotho bjoo bo nago le dijo tše dingwe ka gare tsa go swana le matsapane ao a gadikilwego, nama, le tse dingwe. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Behymer |first=Jim |date=2022-08-31 |title=Spatlo or Kota: Stuffed Bread of South Africa {{!}} Sandwich Tribunal |url=https://www.sandwichtribunal.com/2022/08/spatlo-or-kota-stuffed-bread-of-south-africa/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=www.sandwichtribunal.com |language=en-US}}</ref>Sona se thomile ke badudi ba [[Gauteng]]. <ref name=":0" /> Mafelo a mangwe mo [[Afrika Borwa|Aforika Borw]]<nowiki/>a a tseba sphahlo bjalo ka kota goba skhambane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kota |url=https://www.shecodes.io/challenge_submissions/1832639/embed |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=www.shecodes.io}}</ref> E tlwaelegile kudu ditownship. Sphahlo ke dijo tšeo di ratago ke batho ka ge se na le theko ya fase gomme se a kgoriša. Se thuša kudu batho bao ba sa nyakego go apea gore ba kgone go lala ba jele. Mo nakong ya lehono, sphahlo se fetogile karolo ya dijo tša [[Afrika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] ka ge se rata ke ditšhaba tse dintši. Sphahlo ke dijo tšeo di rekišwago mebileng, mabenkeleng a ma nnyane, gomme ga se rekišwe mabenkeleng a magolo. Ke dijo tseo di ratago kudu ke bafeti ka tsela, batho bao ba šomago mebileng ba sena nako ya ko ikapeela ka gae le setšhaba seo se ratago dijo tsa makhura. Sphahlo se tla ka ditsela tšeo di farolloganego. Go na le tša nama ya kgomo, ya [[kgogo]] ya nku, le tše dingwe. Dipaese tsa gona le tšona di a farologana. Se rekišwa di renkeng, dikolong le mafelong a mantši moo go tletšego batho. Sphahlo ke borotho boo bo khupeditšwego ka dijo tše digwe ka gare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The chef-style kota |url=https://taste.co.za/recipes/the-chef-style-kota/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=Woolworths TASTE |language=en |archive-date=2025-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207183337/https://taste.co.za/recipes/the-chef-style-kota/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Methopo == <references /> gua8m7c074nqtjllixosnki3g2tyy0o 2 13656 55370 55354 2026-08-06T12:37:54Z Purplespeedy 8404 55370 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la ka ke Purplespeedy [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Botlhokwa bja setjo sa sepedi|draft 3]] - <ref group="draft 4">draft 4</ref> 64y814n4l9dioq0ev46rpajh88feys3 55372 55370 2026-08-06T12:42:13Z Purplespeedy 8404 55372 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la ka ke Purplespeedy [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Botlhokwa bja setjo sa sepedi|draft 3]] - <ref group="draft 4">[[Draft 4|draft]] 4</ref> 0mhwp9cvdgh2ubn37fcsscvqy5nh51n 55378 55372 2026-08-06T13:12:52Z Purplespeedy 8404 55378 wikitext text/x-wiki Leina la ka ke Purplespeedy [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[Mošomi:Purplespeedy/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Botlhokwa bja setjo sa sepedi|draft 3]] - <ref group="draft 4">[[Draft 4|draft]] 4</ref> [[Setensele:Ketelopele]] hpd7kauc0d13emwpc8csm3uafw7u3e3 2 13677 55381 55275 2026-08-06T13:31:46Z Purplespeedy 8404 55381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Seswantšho:Washbasins of the restrooms in Crowne Plaza Vientiane.jpg|thumb|Seswantsho sa seipone]] '''Sepeli/seiponi''' Sepeli:ke yengwe ya di diriswa tseo di somiswago go ipoga go ba go ipona go re o lebelelega bjang. <ref>{{Cite web |title=mirror reflection on yourself |url=https://www.bing.com/search?q=mirror+reflection+on+yourself&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIARBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFG |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Bing |language=en}}</ref> ka gore bjalo seipone ga se galase fela yeo motho a iponegang mo go yona.Seipone ke sediriswa seo se senolago nnete bathong le mefekolo ya bona le tse dingwe tseo dilego gona .Gape seipone go ba sona sepeli se ka somiswa go inagana le go itlhathloba e le gonyakana le seo motho elego sona ka gare ga gagwe.Gomme [[Seipônê|seipone]] se ka busa sa go lemosa kgolo ya gago le mabadi goba gona go tsofala ga gago.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2025-07-26 |title=Looking into Mirror: A Powerful Practice for Self-Awareness |url=https://mindfulnessmeditationhub.com/looking-into-mirror/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Mindfulness Meditation Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Gomme seipone ga sena kgethologanyo se bontsha seo selego gona kannete gasena tabale gore wena motho ikwa bjang ka moo olego ka bona .Sona setlono tswela pele go bontsha seo elego nnete ebile seo selego gona ka nnete pele ga sona .ke taba e botse ka seipone ke ra sona sepeli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2026-02-01 |title=Looking at Self in Mirror: How Reflection Boosts Self-Awareness |url=https://mindfulnessmeditationhub.com/looking-at-self-in-mirror/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Mindfulness Meditation Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Bjalo ge morago ga ipoga go itemoga le itlhotlha re swanelwa ke go amogela seo re lego sona re rate seo relego ka ge ele bjona bophelo bja rena bja mannete.Gomme ra leka go itokafatsa ra ithuta go ithata ,ra lokisha moo go senyegilego gomme ra thoma go itota. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2026-02-01 |title=Looking at Self in Mirror: How Reflection Boosts Self-Awareness |url=https://mindfulnessmeditationhub.com/looking-at-self-in-mirror/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Mindfulness Meditation Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditshupetso tseo di somisetswego == <references /> '''setso''' Setso ke tsela yeo sehlopha sa batho ba phelago ka gona.Ebile ke mekgwa yeo batho ba e somisago go ditumelo tsa bona,dipolelo,mmino,moaparo le meletlo yeo batho ba e abelanego lego e fitisetsa go meloko yeo esatlago<ref>Setšo Sa Sepedi Setšo sa rena sa Sepedi ke se sebotse kudu gomme a se ra swanela go se tlogela se hwelela. A re se tšwetšeng pele ka go botšiša bo koko le bo rakgolo gore re tsebe re be re rutane setšo sa maleba. '''People also search for''' Videos of Setso sa Bapedi Short videos</ref> Ka gore yalo Polelo bjalo ka sepedi sezulu le sekgowa ke tsona nakong entshi le ennyane di bolokago setso seo go bolelwago ka sona .<ref>https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=setso+sa+bapedi&cvid=5022224fb86248849a065b28eb8412d1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGD</ref> G0mme go na le dikarolo tse dintshi tseo di akaretsago setso.Bjalo ka polelo go bolelwa ka leleme mohlomongwe sepedi sa rena.Mekgwa go bolelwa ka bo hlompho le mekgwa go hlopha ba bagolo ,go tsea bogadi le go dira magadi.Dijo bjalo ka merogo magobe le dikgobe dinawa bjalo le bjalo.Maele dilo tseo di rutago bana ka setso.Diaparo diphahlo tsa basadi ba sepedi.Tumelo le meletlo ELEGO GONA BABNGWE BA RAPELAGO BADIMO LE GO DIRA MELETLO YA GO BULA DIPULA <ref>.[https://www.bing.com/search?q=Omniglot%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%20%E2%80%BA%20writing%20%E2%80%BA%20nsotho.htm%0ANorthern%20Sotho%20language%2C%20alphabet%20and%20pronunciation%20-%20Omniglot&form=IPRV10 Omniglot https://www.omniglot.com › writing › nsotho.htm Northern Sotho language, alphabet and pronunciation - Omniglot - Search]</ref> Ka boripana re ka re setso ke moya wa setshaba gomme ge polelo ehwa le setso se a hwa. Ditshupetso 1[https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=setso+sa+bapedi&cvid=5022224fb86248849a065b28eb8412d1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGD .https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=setso+sa+bapedi&cvid=5022224fb86248849a065b28eb8412d1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGD] 2.[https://iafrika.org/nso/ iAfrika - Sepedi - Ditoro, Direto] 3.[https://www.bing.com/search?q=Omniglot%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%20%E2%80%BA%20writing%20%E2%80%BA%20nsotho.htm%0ANorthern%20Sotho%20language%2C%20alphabet%20and%20pronunciation%20-%20Omniglot&form=IPRV10 Omniglot https://www.omniglot.com › writing › nsotho.htm Northern Sotho language, alphabet and pronunciation - Omniglot - Search] [[Setensele:Diphaatlho]] <references />'''Go gatelelwa ga basadi lefaseng''' Batho ba basadi ke batho bao ba gatelelwago kudu e kaba ka gae goba mesomong.Gomme ke bothat bjo bodutsego bo le gona lefaseng ka moka ka bophara.Le ge melao e fetoshitswe go leka go fedisa taba yeo go sa no pala.<ref>[https://www.udemy.com/course/womens-leadership/?utm_campaign=BG-Search_DSA_Alpha_Prof_la.EN_cc.ROW-English&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=paid-search&portfolio=Bing-ROW-English&utm_audience=mx&utm_tactic=nb&utm_term=_._ag_1313918783731585_._ad__._kw_Leadership%20en&utm_content=o&funnel=&test=&utm_campaign_id=638596228&msclkid=0cf051637e44180e93723b08d0230db6 Women Leaders Executive Programme]</ref> Ba bangwe ba basadi bja ba gatelelwa ka go se fiwe thuto yeo e lekanego, babangwe ba gatelelwa ka go lefelwa madi a fase go feta banna ge badira mesomo ya goswana.<ref>[https://www.stellenboschbusiness.ac.za/management-review/news/gender-inequality-work Gender Inequality in the Workplace | SBS]</ref> Gomme le ge gole bjalo basadi ba bantshi ba ema ba tiile gomme ba lwela ditokelo tsa bona .Ba thomile mekgatlo,ba ngwala dipuku,ba etela dikhampani pele le goba baetapele ba dinaga ka go fapana ga tsona. Se sebontsha gabotse gore ge basadi ba fiwa sebaka le thekgo , ba ka fetola lefase.Go bohlokwa gore rena kamoka re letele go lekana ga banna le basadi e tle e hwetse lefase leo lesenago kgethologanyo. '''Ditshupetso''' 1[https://www.udemy.com/course/womens-leadership/?utm_campaign=BG-Search_DSA_Alpha_Prof_la.EN_cc.ROW-English&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=paid-search&portfolio=Bing-ROW-English&utm_audience=mx&utm_tactic=nb&utm_term=_._ag_1313918783731585_._ad__._kw_Leadership%20en&utm_content=o&funnel=&test=&utm_campaign_id=638596228&msclkid=0cf051637e44180e93723b08d0230db6 Women Leaders Executive Programme] 2.Gender Inequality in the Workplace | SBS <references />'''setjo sa bapedi''' Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref>[https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/bapedi-history-traditions-culture-and-food Bapedi history, traditions, culture and food (ZA)]</ref> Ka gore yalo dijo tse bjalo ka magobe ,morogo,dikgobe ,mogodu, le merogo gase fela dijo tsa go kgorisa mpa fela ,efela di na le mokgola kudu ka ge ebile ele tsa phepo ya maleba mabapi le mebele ya rena.Gomme dijo tseo di gopotsa beng ba setso seo moo batswago gona ele ruri.Setjo sa sepedi se ruta bana goja dijo tsa go phedisa mmele.<ref>[[:en:Pedi_people|Pedi people - Wikipedia]]</ref> Gomme mehlare go ba dihlare tse dingwe di somiswa go dira dikhemekhale go ba mereana ya malwetsi a go fapana fapana.<ref>[https://iafrika.org/nso/dijo-tsa-bapedi-tsa-setso/ Dijo tša Bapedi tša setšo  - iAfrika - Sepedi]</ref> Gape setso se kopanya lapa le setshaba.Ka magadi meletlong le dikopano .Batho apea gomme ba feletsa ba ija mmogo .Go apea mmogo go rutile bana tlhompho le go thusana.Le ka ekonomi setjo se a thusa ,gobane basadi ba bantshi ba itshidima ka go rekisa merogo mafelong a go fapana fapana, magwinya le dijo tsa setjo. Ditshupetso oejgox744p0mno1cezwh03cf37fjwqs 55382 55381 2026-08-06T14:05:16Z Purplespeedy 8404 added a new article 55382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Seswantšho:Washbasins of the restrooms in Crowne Plaza Vientiane.jpg|thumb|Seswantsho sa seipone]] '''Sepeli/seiponi''' Sepeli:ke yengwe ya di diriswa tseo di somiswago go ipoga go ba go ipona go re o lebelelega bjang. <ref>{{Cite web |title=mirror reflection on yourself |url=https://www.bing.com/search?q=mirror+reflection+on+yourself&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgcIARBFGMIDMgcIABBFGMIDMgcIARBFGMIDMgcIAhBFGMIDMgcIAxBFGMIDMgcIBBBFG |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Bing |language=en}}</ref> ka gore bjalo seipone ga se galase fela yeo motho a iponegang mo go yona.Seipone ke sediriswa seo se senolago nnete bathong le mefekolo ya bona le tse dingwe tseo dilego gona .Gape seipone go ba sona sepeli se ka somiswa go inagana le go itlhathloba e le gonyakana le seo motho elego sona ka gare ga gagwe.Gomme [[Seipônê|seipone]] se ka busa sa go lemosa kgolo ya gago le mabadi goba gona go tsofala ga gago.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2025-07-26 |title=Looking into Mirror: A Powerful Practice for Self-Awareness |url=https://mindfulnessmeditationhub.com/looking-into-mirror/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Mindfulness Meditation Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Gomme seipone ga sena kgethologanyo se bontsha seo selego gona kannete gasena tabale gore wena motho ikwa bjang ka moo olego ka bona .Sona setlono tswela pele go bontsha seo elego nnete ebile seo selego gona ka nnete pele ga sona .ke taba e botse ka seipone ke ra sona sepeli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2026-02-01 |title=Looking at Self in Mirror: How Reflection Boosts Self-Awareness |url=https://mindfulnessmeditationhub.com/looking-at-self-in-mirror/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Mindfulness Meditation Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Bjalo ge morago ga ipoga go itemoga le itlhotlha re swanelwa ke go amogela seo re lego sona re rate seo relego ka ge ele bjona bophelo bja rena bja mannete.Gomme ra leka go itokafatsa ra ithuta go ithata ,ra lokisha moo go senyegilego gomme ra thoma go itota. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2026-02-01 |title=Looking at Self in Mirror: How Reflection Boosts Self-Awareness |url=https://mindfulnessmeditationhub.com/looking-at-self-in-mirror/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Mindfulness Meditation Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditshupetso tseo di somisetswego == <references /> '''setso''' Setso ke tsela yeo sehlopha sa batho ba phelago ka gona.Ebile ke mekgwa yeo batho ba e somisago go ditumelo tsa bona,dipolelo,mmino,moaparo le meletlo yeo batho ba e abelanego lego e fitisetsa go meloko yeo esatlago<ref>Setšo Sa Sepedi Setšo sa rena sa Sepedi ke se sebotse kudu gomme a se ra swanela go se tlogela se hwelela. A re se tšwetšeng pele ka go botšiša bo koko le bo rakgolo gore re tsebe re be re rutane setšo sa maleba. '''People also search for''' Videos of Setso sa Bapedi Short videos</ref> Ka gore yalo Polelo bjalo ka sepedi sezulu le sekgowa ke tsona nakong entshi le ennyane di bolokago setso seo go bolelwago ka sona .<ref>https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=setso+sa+bapedi&cvid=5022224fb86248849a065b28eb8412d1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGD</ref> G0mme go na le dikarolo tse dintshi tseo di akaretsago setso.Bjalo ka polelo go bolelwa ka leleme mohlomongwe sepedi sa rena.Mekgwa go bolelwa ka bo hlompho le mekgwa go hlopha ba bagolo ,go tsea bogadi le go dira magadi.Dijo bjalo ka merogo magobe le dikgobe dinawa bjalo le bjalo.Maele dilo tseo di rutago bana ka setso.Diaparo diphahlo tsa basadi ba sepedi.Tumelo le meletlo ELEGO GONA BABNGWE BA RAPELAGO BADIMO LE GO DIRA MELETLO YA GO BULA DIPULA <ref>.[https://www.bing.com/search?q=Omniglot%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%20%E2%80%BA%20writing%20%E2%80%BA%20nsotho.htm%0ANorthern%20Sotho%20language%2C%20alphabet%20and%20pronunciation%20-%20Omniglot&form=IPRV10 Omniglot https://www.omniglot.com › writing › nsotho.htm Northern Sotho language, alphabet and pronunciation - Omniglot - Search]</ref> Ka boripana re ka re setso ke moya wa setshaba gomme ge polelo ehwa le setso se a hwa. Ditshupetso 1[https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=setso+sa+bapedi&cvid=5022224fb86248849a065b28eb8412d1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGD .https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=setso+sa+bapedi&cvid=5022224fb86248849a065b28eb8412d1&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGD] 2.[https://iafrika.org/nso/ iAfrika - Sepedi - Ditoro, Direto] 3.[https://www.bing.com/search?q=Omniglot%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%20%E2%80%BA%20writing%20%E2%80%BA%20nsotho.htm%0ANorthern%20Sotho%20language%2C%20alphabet%20and%20pronunciation%20-%20Omniglot&form=IPRV10 Omniglot https://www.omniglot.com › writing › nsotho.htm Northern Sotho language, alphabet and pronunciation - Omniglot - Search] [[Setensele:Diphaatlho]] <references />'''Go gatelelwa ga basadi lefaseng''' Batho ba basadi ke batho bao ba gatelelwago kudu e kaba ka gae goba mesomong.Gomme ke bothat bjo bodutsego bo le gona lefaseng ka moka ka bophara.Le ge melao e fetoshitswe go leka go fedisa taba yeo go sa no pala.<ref>[https://www.udemy.com/course/womens-leadership/?utm_campaign=BG-Search_DSA_Alpha_Prof_la.EN_cc.ROW-English&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=paid-search&portfolio=Bing-ROW-English&utm_audience=mx&utm_tactic=nb&utm_term=_._ag_1313918783731585_._ad__._kw_Leadership%20en&utm_content=o&funnel=&test=&utm_campaign_id=638596228&msclkid=0cf051637e44180e93723b08d0230db6 Women Leaders Executive Programme]</ref> Ba bangwe ba basadi bja ba gatelelwa ka go se fiwe thuto yeo e lekanego, babangwe ba gatelelwa ka go lefelwa madi a fase go feta banna ge badira mesomo ya goswana.<ref>[https://www.stellenboschbusiness.ac.za/management-review/news/gender-inequality-work Gender Inequality in the Workplace | SBS]</ref> Gomme le ge gole bjalo basadi ba bantshi ba ema ba tiile gomme ba lwela ditokelo tsa bona .Ba thomile mekgatlo,ba ngwala dipuku,ba etela dikhampani pele le goba baetapele ba dinaga ka go fapana ga tsona. Se sebontsha gabotse gore ge basadi ba fiwa sebaka le thekgo , ba ka fetola lefase.Go bohlokwa gore rena kamoka re letele go lekana ga banna le basadi e tle e hwetse lefase leo lesenago kgethologanyo. '''Ditshupetso''' 1[https://www.udemy.com/course/womens-leadership/?utm_campaign=BG-Search_DSA_Alpha_Prof_la.EN_cc.ROW-English&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=paid-search&portfolio=Bing-ROW-English&utm_audience=mx&utm_tactic=nb&utm_term=_._ag_1313918783731585_._ad__._kw_Leadership%20en&utm_content=o&funnel=&test=&utm_campaign_id=638596228&msclkid=0cf051637e44180e93723b08d0230db6 Women Leaders Executive Programme] 2.Gender Inequality in the Workplace | SBS <references />'''setjo sa bapedi''' Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref>[https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/bapedi-history-traditions-culture-and-food Bapedi history, traditions, culture and food (ZA)]</ref> Ka gore yalo dijo tse bjalo ka magobe ,morogo,dikgobe ,mogodu, le merogo gase fela dijo tsa go kgorisa mpa fela ,efela di na le mokgola kudu ka ge ebile ele tsa phepo ya maleba mabapi le mebele ya rena.Gomme dijo tseo di gopotsa beng ba setso seo moo batswago gona ele ruri.Setjo sa sepedi se ruta bana goja dijo tsa go phedisa mmele.<ref>[[:en:Pedi_people|Pedi people - Wikipedia]]</ref> Gomme mehlare go ba dihlare tse dingwe di somiswa go dira dikhemekhale go ba mereana ya malwetsi a go fapana fapana.<ref>[https://iafrika.org/nso/dijo-tsa-bapedi-tsa-setso/ Dijo tša Bapedi tša setšo  - iAfrika - Sepedi]</ref> Gape setso se kopanya lapa le setshaba.Ka magadi meletlong le dikopano .Batho apea gomme ba feletsa ba ija mmogo .Go apea mmogo go rutile bana tlhompho le go thusana.Le ka ekonomi setjo se a thusa ,gobane basadi ba bantshi ba itshidima ka go rekisa merogo mafelong a go fapana fapana, magwinya le dijo tsa setjo. Ditshupetso <references /> '''Go Gatelelwa ga Basadi Lefaseng'''. Go gatelelwa ga basadi ke bothata bjo bo dutšego bo le gona lefaseng ka moka, le ge melao e fetošitšwe go leka go e fediša. Basadi ba bantši ba sa gatelelwa ka gae, mešomong, dikolong le dipolotiking. Ba bangwe ba gatelelwa ka go se fiwe thuto ye e lekanego, ba bangwe ba gatelelwa ka go lefelwa madi a fase go feta banna ge ba dira mošomo o tee. Go na le le basadi bao ba hlagelwago ke tlhekefetšo ya mmele le ya maikutlo, eupša ba tshaba go bolela ka gobane ba tšhaba go se fiwe thekgo.Le ge go le bjalo, basadi ba bantši ba eme ba tiile ba lwela ditokelo tša bona. Ba thomile mekgatlo, ba ngwala dipuku, ba etelela dikhamphani pele le go baetapele ba dinaga. Se se bontšha gore ge basadi ba fiwa sebaka le thekgo, ba ka fetola lefase. Go bohlokwa gore rena ka moka re emele go lekana ga banna le basadi, gore meloko ye e tlago e holege ka lefaseng leo go se nago kgatelelo ya bong. 4d3mrh544ou47xt3055e5bbl75fy2zy 2 13685 55377 54362 2026-08-06T13:09:33Z Purplespeedy 8404 55377 wikitext text/x-wiki Mogwera wa mmapale/potego Mogwera wa potego ga se fela motho yo o fetsago nako entshi le yena fela.Mogwera ke modirisane le bosenying , motho yo a botwago wa ka mehla le thekgo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Definition of BEST FRIEND |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/best+friend |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> ka gore yalo nna mogwera waka ke otee yoo a ntsebago ka gare le ka ntle ,eupsa ba sa dutse ba dula lenna.tseo di dirago gore ke barate le gore ba dule ba kgethegile ke taba gore ba kgona go ntira gore ke sege ,le tsela yeo ba nthletsago ka gona ntle lr go ahlola gomme letsela yeo balego k a gona ka mehka gonna le go nthusa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Be a Good Friend: 11 Key Qualities to Cultivate |url=https://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Good-Friend |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=wikiHow |language=en}}</ref> Gomme mogwera waka yo mogolo ke motho yoo ke kgonago goba nna ge kena le yena .Ka thereso gore ga gona motho yo aphethagetsego gomme rena le diphapano tsa rena goswana le bagwera ba bangwe bao balego gona mo lefaseng.Eupsa mafelelong a letsatsi ,ka mehla re hwetsa nako ya go lokisa moo go senyegilego.gomme seo se bohlokwa kudu kamanong ya lena. ke ra gona go ba le motho yo ago amogelang ka tsela yeo olego ka yona . <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Fix a Broken Friendship |url=https://www.wikihow.com/Fix-a-Broken-Friendship |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=wikiHow |language=en}}</ref> [[User:Purplespeedy/Draft 1|Draft 1] my sources: [[mwod:best friend|BEST FRIEND Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster]] [[wikihow:Be-a-Good-Friend|How to Be a Good Friend: 11 Key Qualities to Cultivate]] [[wikihow:Fix-a-Broken-Friendship|How to Fix a Broken Friendship - wikiHow]] [https://status.net/articles/ways-say-thank-friend-60-heartfelt-examples/ 60 Ways to Say “Thank You for Being a Friend”: Heartfelt Examples] == Ditshupetso == <references />'''Basadi ba bapedi ba africa borwa bao ba hlomphegago ebile ba etetsego maemong a pele.''' mgvsxei93tveiqwhx6oj0noqx69reau 0 13756 55376 54774 2026-08-06T12:50:52Z Purplespeedy 8404 added paragraph 55376 wikitext text/x-wiki Dinawa [[Seswantšho:Bambara beans in Ghana.jpg|thumb|Dinawa]] '''Dinawa''' ke dijo tse bohlokwa kudu ebile di jewa kudu lefase ka bophara. Di wela ka gare ga sehlopha sa dimela tšeo di betšwago [[legume]], gomme di lemilwe ka mengwaga ye mentši kudu ke ditšhaba tše fapanego. Dinawa di ananelwa ka lebaka la theko ya tšona ye fase, go hwetšagala ga bonolo, le boleng bja tšona bja phepo. Di kgatha tema ye bohlokwa go godiša dijo tše phetšego gabotse le tšhireletšo ya dijo, kudu dinageng tše di sa tšwelago pele. Ye nngwe ya mohula wa dinawa ke phepo ye e humilegonye di na go le yona. Dinawa ke mothopo wo mobotse wa protheine ya dimela, ye e nyakegago bakeng sa kgolo, go lokiša mmele le maphelo ka kakaretšo.Se se dira gore e be dijo tše botse kudu go batho bao ba sa jego nama. Godimo ga mo, dinawa di na le diminerale le dimatlafatši tše bohlokwa tše bjalo ka fiber, tšhipi ( iron ), magnesium, potassium le vitamine B.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org</ref> Fiber ye e hwetšagalago ka bontši dinaweng e thuša go dira tšhilo ya dijo e šome gabotse, e thibela go kgotlelela mala, gape e fokotša kotsi ya malwetši a bjalo ka bolwetši nja swikiri le bolwetši bja pelo. Dinawa gape di tsebja ka tema ya tšona go boloka pelo e phetšego gabotse. Go ja dinawa ka mehla go ka thuša go theola maemo a cholesterol ye mpe mading. Se se fokotša kotsi ya kgatelelo ya madi, go hwa ga pelo le sroke. Ka lebaka la gore dinawa di na le [[glycaemic index]] ye fase, di thuša go laola maemo a swikiri mading, gomme se se dira gore di holege kudugo batho bao ba phelago le bolwetši bja swikiri. Mohola o mongwe wa dinawa ke kabelo ya tšona go tšhireletšo ya tikologo. Dinawa di matlafatša mobu ka go oketša nitrogen, ye e kaonafatšago go nonofala ga mobu le go fokotša go dirišwa ga menontšha ya dikhemikhale.<ref>https://www.pnp.co.za</ref> Se se dirs temo ya dinawa ebe ye e hlokomelago tikologo le ye e se nago ditshenyagalelo tše kgolo go balemi. Dinawa gape di hloka meetse a mannyane ge di bapetšwa le methopo ye mentši ya protheine ya diphoofolo, ka fao di loketše kudu mafelong ao a welwago ke komelelo. Dinawa di apewa ka ditsela tsa go fapana. Di ka bedišwa, tša tšhošwa, tša pitlaganywa goba tša tsenywa ka gare ga dioso, disutu, disalete le dijo tša setšo. Mehuta e fapanego ya dinawa bjalo ka dinawa tše di betlilwego, dinawa tše ntsho, dinawa tše bedilwego ( baked beans) le dinawa tša swikiri di a ratwa ke ditšhaba tše dintši.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livingseeds.co.za/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-28 |archive-date=2026-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301073307/https://www.livingseeds.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ka gore yalo batho ba swanela go itlwaetsa go dija '''Ditšhupetšo''' <references /> [[Setensele:Dijo tša phepo]] 3l98rkw1t9xtmrrg3ord0pejcxwq208 0 13763 55389 54572 2026-08-07T02:02:09Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Seswantšho:Purple rain on roof.jpg|thumb|seswantsho sa pula]] Pula: Mpho ya Bonolo ya Tlhago '''Pula''' ke e nngwe ya dilo tša bohlokwa le tše botse kudu tša tlhago. E wela fase go tšwa legodimong ka marothodi a mannyane, e fepa lefase le go thekga bophelo. Le ge batho ba bangwe ba ka bona pula e le selo se se šitišago mananeo goba se tlišago leratadima le maru, ka nnete e bohlokwa kudu go phološo ya dimela, diphoofolo le batho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Rain? - Climate and Farming in South Africa |url=https://southafrica.co.za/what-is-rain.html |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> Pula e hlolwa ke tshepedišo yeo e bitšwago modikologo wa meetse. Letšatši le fiša meetse a mawatleng, dinokeng le matamong, gomme meetse ao a fetoga mouoane gomme a rotoga moyeng. Mouoane woo o a tonya gomme o fetoga marothodi a mannyane ao a bopago maru. Ge marothodi ao a e-ba boima kudu, a wela fase bjalo ka pula. Tshepedišo ye e tšwela pele ka mehla, e netefatša gore meetse a boeletšwa le go abiwa gape mo lefaseng.Bohlokwa bja pula bo ka se ganetšwe. Temong, pula e nošetša dijalo le mafulo, ya dumelela balemi go tšweletša dijo. Ge pula e sa ne ka go lekanela, komelelo e ka hlaga, gomme seo sa tliša tlhaelelo ya dijo le mathata. Mafelong a mantši a lefase ao a ithekgago ka pula ya sehla, pula e laola katlego ya puno le go hwetšagala ga meetse a hlwekilego.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kvizhashvili |first=Lika |date=2024-10-16 |title=Rain: Its Importance, Process, and Challenges |url=https://wilderness-society.org/rain-its-importance-process-and-challenges/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=European Wilderness Society |language=en-GB}}</ref> Pula gape e thekga tikologo. Dithokgwa, mašemo le mafelo a meetse a itshetlehile ka pula ya ka mehla gore di atlege. Diphoofolo di ithekgile ka mafelo ao bakeng sa dijo le bodulo. [[Dinokana|Dinoka]] le matamo di tlatšwa gape ke pula, tša fana ka meetse a go nwa le go thekga bophelo bja ka meetseng. Le moya o ba wo moswa ka morago ga pula, ka gobane pula e hlatswa lerole le ditšhilafatšo.Ka godimo ga mehola ya yona ya tlwaelo, pula e na le bohlokwa bja maikutlo le setšo. Modumo wa marothodi a pula ge a wela godimo ga marulelo o ka tliša khutšo le boiketlo. Go ba bangwe, pula e emela mpshafatšo, kholofelo le mathomo a mafsa. Ka morago ga ledimo le legolo, go bonagala ga mookodi go re gopotša botse ka morago ga mathata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-06 |title=What are the benefits of rain? |url=https://www.flotte.fr/en-int/blogs/the-blog/what-are-the-benefits-of-rain |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Flotte |language=en |archive-date=2026-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114000657/https://www.flotte.fr/en-int/blogs/the-blog/what-are-the-benefits-of-rain |url-status=dead }}</ref> Le ge go le bjalo, pula e ntši kudu le yona e ka baka mathata. Meetsefula a ka senya dintlo, ditsela le meago. Go gogolwa ga mmu go ka senya mašemo. Se se bontšha gore le ge pula e le tšhegofatšo, tekatekano e bohlokwa tlhagong.Ka phetho, pula ga se fela meetse a welago fase go tšwa legodimong. Ke maatla a a fago bophelo, ao a thekgago tikologo, temo le go mpshafatša lefase. E ka ba pula ya bonolo goba ya ledimo le maatla, pula e kgatha tema ye bohlokwa go bolokeng tekatekano ya bophelo mo lefaseng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Makes It Rain? |url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/atmosphere/what-makes-it-rain |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service |language=en}}</ref> == Methopo == <references /> [[Setensele:Pula]] o2b3qa1orgkk3lq5yhy7p8k9cayhfpq 0 13907 55386 55229 2026-08-07T00:56:54Z InternetArchiveBot 5150 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 55386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce “Majoy” Ledwaba''' (o belegwe ka 24 Pherekgong 1969) ke sebapadi sa diterama tša thelebišene gape ke seopedi sa mmino wa sedumedi wa Afrika Borwa. O tsebega kudu ka go bapala karolo ya Joyce Maputla, yo a tsebjago bjalo ka Rakgadi Joyce, mo lenaneong la SABC1 la Skeem Saam. O tsebja gape ka leina la gagwe la mmino, '''Majoy'''.<ref name=":0">[https://www.safrolebs.com/joyce-majoy-ledwaba-biography-age-acting-music/ Joyce “Majoy” Ledwaba: Biography, Age, Acting, Music - safrolebs]</ref> == Mošomo wa mmino == O thomile go bina mmino wa gospel ka leina la Majoy, gomme o tsebja ka maatla a gagwe a go bina le go apara ka mokgwa o a kgahlišago. O šomile ka mmino wa gospel go feta mengwaga e lesome.<ref name=":0" /> == Mošomo wa goba sebapadi sa thelebišene == Karolo ya gagwe mo ''Skeem Saam'' e mo dirile motsebalegi mo Afrika Borwa. O bapala '''Joyce Maputla''', mosadi yo a tiilego le yo a sa tšhabego go ganetsana le ba lapa. Ka lebaka la karolo ye, o hweditše '''Royalty Soapie Award''' ka '''Outstanding Female Villain''' ka 2018. O ithutile bokgoni bja go bapala mo Monis Arts House, '''[[Pretoria]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://savannanews.com/joyce-majoy-ledwaba-biography-pictures-skeem-saam-music-net-worth/ |title=Joyce  Majoy Ledwaba Biography |access-date=2026-07-22 |archive-date=2025-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912103608/https://savannanews.com/joyce-majoy-ledwaba-biography-pictures-skeem-saam-music-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mošomo wa Setšhaba == Ka ntle le mošomo wa gagwe boithabišong, Joyce Ledwaba o tšere karolo medirong ya tlhabollo ya setšhaba. O šomile mmogo le '''Hollywood Foundation''' go aba diyunifomo tša sekolo go barutwana ba profense ya Limpopo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditšhupetšo == [https://www.safrolebs.com/joyce-majoy-ledwaba-biography-age-acting-music/ 1.Joyce “Majoy” Ledwaba: Biography, Age, Acting, Music - safrolebs] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250912103608/https://savannanews.com/joyce-majoy-ledwaba-biography-pictures-skeem-saam-music-net-worth/ Joyce  Majoy Ledwaba Biography] ---- qrmhopm0quz7ho8in427zq84gt6j45n 0 13939 55360 55358 2026-08-06T12:10:19Z Purplespeedy 8404 55360 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref>1</ref> Ka gore yalo dijo tse bjalo ka magobe ,morogo,dikgobe ,mogodu, le merogo gase fela dijo tsa go kgorisa mpa fela ,efela di na le mokgola kudu ka ge ebile ele tsa phepo ya maleba mabapi le mebele ya rena.Gomme dijo tseo di gopotsa beng ba setso seo moo batswago gona ele ruri.Setjo sa sepedi se ruta bana goja dijo tsa go phedisa mmele.<ref>[[:en:Pedi_people|Pedi people - Wikipedia]]</ref> [[Setensele:Culture]] Ka gore yalo dijo tse bjalo ka magobe ,morogo,dikgobe ,mogodu, le merogo gase fela dijo tsa go kgorisa mpa fela ,efela di na le mokgola kudu ka ge ebile ele tsa phepo ya maleba mabapi le mebele ya rena.Gomme dijo tseo di gopotsa beng ba setso seo moo batswago gona ele ruri.Setjo sa sepedi se ruta bana goja dijo tsa go phedisa mmele. jnesd1aepb9k064r4zlxwrnvk7fs71l 55362 55360 2026-08-06T12:19:48Z Purplespeedy 8404 55362 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref>1</ref> Ka gore yalo dijo tse bjalo ka magobe ,morogo,dikgobe ,mogodu, le merogo gase fela dijo tsa go kgorisa mpa fela ,efela di na le mokgola kudu ka ge ebile ele tsa phepo ya maleba mabapi le mebele ya rena.Gomme dijo tseo di gopotsa beng ba setso seo moo batswago gona ele ruri.Setjo sa sepedi se ruta bana goja dijo tsa go phedisa mmele.<ref>[[:en:Pedi_people|Pedi people - Wikipedia]]</ref> Gomme mehlare go ba dihlare tse dingwe di somiswa go dira dikhemekhale go ba mereana ya malwetsi a go fapana fapana.<ref>[https://iafrika.org/nso/dijo-tsa-bapedi-tsa-setso/ Dijo tša Bapedi tša setšo  - iAfrika - Sepedi]</ref> Gape setso se kopanya lapa le setshaba.Ka magadi meletlong le dikopano .Batho apea gomme ba feletsa ba ija mmogo .Go apea mmogo go rutile bana tlhompho le go thusana.Le ka ekonomi setjo se a thusa ,gobane basadi ba bantshi ba itshidima ka go rekisa merogo mafelong a go fapana fapana, magwinya le dijo tsa setjo. ral267972gpddyyusdfzey6buxfcv9y 55363 55362 2026-08-06T12:23:51Z Purplespeedy 8404 55363 wikitext text/x-wiki Setso sa sepedi se bolokoa kudu ka gobane ke karolo ya setso le boitshupo bja batho ba sepedi ka kakaretso<ref>[https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/bapedi-history-traditions-culture-and-food Bapedi history, traditions, culture and food (ZA)]</ref> Ka gore yalo dijo tse bjalo ka magobe ,morogo,dikgobe ,mogodu, le merogo gase fela dijo tsa go kgorisa mpa fela ,efela di na le mokgola kudu ka ge ebile ele tsa phepo ya maleba mabapi le mebele ya rena.Gomme dijo tseo di gopotsa beng ba setso seo moo batswago gona ele ruri.Setjo sa sepedi se ruta bana goja dijo tsa go phedisa mmele.<ref>[[:en:Pedi_people|Pedi people - Wikipedia]]</ref> Gomme mehlare go ba dihlare tse dingwe di somiswa go dira dikhemekhale go ba mereana ya malwetsi a go fapana fapana.<ref>[https://iafrika.org/nso/dijo-tsa-bapedi-tsa-setso/ Dijo tša Bapedi tša setšo  - iAfrika - Sepedi]</ref> Gape setso se kopanya lapa le setshaba.Ka magadi meletlong le dikopano .Batho apea gomme ba feletsa ba ija mmogo .Go apea mmogo go rutile bana tlhompho le go thusana.Le ka ekonomi setjo se a thusa ,gobane basadi ba bantshi ba itshidima ka go rekisa merogo mafelong a go fapana fapana, magwinya le dijo tsa setjo. Ditshupetso bsd8ptpy9d31ccxir1022q32na9z3w8 0 13940 55359 2026-08-06T12:07:52Z Mhanimhani 8377 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367012862|Translation]]" 55359 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgopolo ya tshwantšhišo (mohlala, phetolelo ya lentšu ka lentšu) ga se ya phethagala, ka gobane lentšu le tee ka leleme le meelelo ye mintšhi, le ka lebaka la gore tlhalošo ye e filwego ye e swanago gantši e ka emelwa polelong ye e filwego ka mantšu a go feta a tee. Le ge go le bjalo, polelwana le polelwana di ka ba le mohola bjalo ka dikgopolo tše di bontšhago mahlakore a mabedi a ditsela tše di fapanego tša phetolelo. Ka lebaka la bokoloniale bja Bodikela le taolo ya setšo mo makgolong a ngwaga a morago bjale, meetlo ya Bodikela ya phetolelo di tšere legato kudu go ditšo tše dingwe. Meetlo ya Bodikela e theilwe godimo ga meetlo ya bogologolo le ya mehleng ya magareng, le go tšwa go dilo tše mpsha tša morago bjale tša Yuropa. Le ge e le gore mekgwa ya kgale ya phetolelo ga e šomišwe kudu lehono, di sa na le bohlokwa ge ba šomana le ditšweletšwa tša bona, bjalo ka ge boradihistori ba šomiša direkhoto tša bogologolo goba tša mehleng ya magareng go kopanya ditiragalo tšeo di diregilego tikologong yeo e sego ya Bodikela goba ya pele ga Bodikela. Le gona, gaešita le ge e tutueditšwe kudu ke ditšo tša ka Bodikela gomme e dirwa ke bafetoledi bao ba rutwago ditshepedišong tša thuto tša mokgwa wa ka Bodikela, ditšo tša bofetoledi tša Setšhaena le tše di tswalanago le tšona di boloka dikgopolo tše dingwe le difilosofi tšeo di kgethegilego setšong sa ma-China. Ditšo tša go fetolela ditaba gare ga maleme a [[Egypt|Egipita]] ya bogologolo, Mesopotamia, Asiria ( leleme la Sesiria ), Anatolia le [[Israel|Isiraele]] ( leleme la Seheberu ) di thomile morago kua nywageng e dikete e mmalwa. Go na le diphetolelo tše di sa felego tša Sumerian ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' ( c. 2000 B.C.E. ) ka malemeng a Borwa-bodikela bja Asia a ngwagakete wa bobedi B.C.E. heb2toi60cv00nzg8o64g3jtgrnw345 0 13941 55369 2026-08-06T12:35:00Z Mhanimhani 8377 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365983277|Theory]]" 55369 wikitext text/x-wiki Teori ''e bitšwa yeo e sa thekgwago ka botlalo'' ( yeo e bitšwago go se lekane ga bohlatse go thekga kakanyo ) ge go na le teori ya mophenkgišani, yeo e sa dumelelanego bonyenyane e dumelelana le bohlatse. Go se ikemišetše gabotse ke taba ya epistemological mabapi le kamano ya bohlatse le diphetho. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">go nyakega tsopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ge e ba kgopolo e mpsha e hlalosa le go akanya ka nepo tiragalo e itšego gakaone go feta kgopolo ya kgale (ke gore, e na le matla a mantši a go hlalosa ), re na le mabaka a go dumela gore kgopolo e mpsha e hlalosa nnete ka mo go nepagetšego kudu. Se se bitšwa ''phokotšo ya magareng ga ditheori'' ka gobane mareo a teori ya kgale a ka fokotšwa go mareo a teori ye mpsha. Ka mohlala, kwešišo ya rena ya histori mabapi le ''modumo'', ''seetša'' le ''phišo'' di fokotšegile go ba ''go gatelela maphoto le go tšwelela ka sewelo'', ''maphoto a mohlagase wa makenete'' le ''maatla a go šišinya a dimolekhule'', ka go latelelana. Mareo ao a hlaolwago le a mangwe, a bitšwa ''boitsebišo bja magareng ga teori.'' Ge kgopolo ya kgale le ye mpsha di bapetšwa ka tsela ye, re ka phetha ka gore ye mpsha e hlaloša nnete ye e swanago, fela ka botlalo bjo bogolo. Ge teori ye mpsha e šomiša mareo a mafsa ao a sa fokotšwego go mareo a teori ya kgale, eupša a tšeela legato ka gobane a be a hlaloša nnete ka tsela ye e fošagetšego, e bitšwa ''phedišo ya magareng ga teori.'' Ka mohlala, kgopolo ya thutamahlale yeo e fetilwego ke nako yeo e bego e hlaloša ya phetišetšo ya phišo go ya ka go sepela ga seela sa di- kilojoule e ile ya fedišwa ge kgopolo ya phišo e le matla e be e e tšeela legato. Le gona, kgopolo ya gore phlogiston ke selo seo se lokollwago go tšwa go dilo tše di fišago le tše di ruthetšego e ile ya fedišwa ka kwešišo e mpsha ya go arabela ga oksitšene. nl46bxvpy8mttkuciiuk9c82b8f41od 0 13942 55371 2026-08-06T12:37:56Z Mhanimhani 8377 Tlhodile letlakala ka 'Phegelelo' 55371 wikitext text/x-wiki Phegelelo g6ndu4rhefhu8edjqcfh1jy843st3a6 55373 55371 2026-08-06T12:46:30Z Mhanimhani 8377 55373 wikitext text/x-wiki Phegelelo Boikemišetšo ke maikutlo a mabotse a maikutlo ao a kgothaletšago go phegelela go fihlelela pakane ye thata go sa šetšwe mapheko.[2][3] Boikemišetšo bo direga pele ga go fihlelela pakane gomme bo šomela go hlohleletša boitshwaro bjo bo tlago thuša go fihlelela pakane ya motho. Tlhohleletšo e hlohleletša boikemišetšo le go kgoromeletša motho pele gore a kgone go lebeletšana le bothata bja gagwe. Boikemišetšo gape bo thuša batho go ba le sebete. Dinyakišišo tša diphihlelo di šišinya gore batho ba tšea boikemišetšo e le maikutlo; ka mantšu a mangwe, boikemišetšo ga se feela boemo bja temogo, eupša ke boemo bja maikwelo.[4] Dingwalweng tša thuto ya monagano, banyakišiši ba ithuta boikemišetšo ka fase ga mareo a mangwe, go akaretšwa tlhohlo le phišego ya go lebelela pele; se se ka hlalosa lebaka le tee la go hloka nyakišišo mo go lekanyeditšwego mabapi le boikemišetšo ge go bapetšwa le maikwelo a mangwe a mabotse.[3][5] Lefapheng la thuto ya monagano, nyakišišo ya maikutlo e lebišitše tlhokomelo maikutlong a mabe le maitshwaro ao a a hlohleletšago.[6] Le ge go le bjalo, thuto ya monagano ye botse e tsenelela ka gare ga boikemišetšo bjalo ka maikutlo a mabotse ao a hlohleletšago batho go ya go tiro, a lebiša go dipoelo tše bohlokwa tša go swana le go phegelela le katlego. k8g8ry6yb4wl568xyq6rdghndiadv93 55374 55373 2026-08-06T12:47:01Z Mhanimhani 8377 cited 55374 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determination</ref>Phegelelo Boikemišetšo ke maikutlo a mabotse a maikutlo ao a kgothaletšago go phegelela go fihlelela pakane ye thata go sa šetšwe mapheko.[2][3] Boikemišetšo bo direga pele ga go fihlelela pakane gomme bo šomela go hlohleletša boitshwaro bjo bo tlago thuša go fihlelela pakane ya motho. Tlhohleletšo e hlohleletša boikemišetšo le go kgoromeletša motho pele gore a kgone go lebeletšana le bothata bja gagwe. Boikemišetšo gape bo thuša batho go ba le sebete. Dinyakišišo tša diphihlelo di šišinya gore batho ba tšea boikemišetšo e le maikutlo; ka mantšu a mangwe, boikemišetšo ga se feela boemo bja temogo, eupša ke boemo bja maikwelo.[4] Dingwalweng tša thuto ya monagano, banyakišiši ba ithuta boikemišetšo ka fase ga mareo a mangwe, go akaretšwa tlhohlo le phišego ya go lebelela pele; se se ka hlalosa lebaka le tee la go hloka nyakišišo mo go lekanyeditšwego mabapi le boikemišetšo ge go bapetšwa le maikwelo a mangwe a mabotse.[3][5] Lefapheng la thuto ya monagano, nyakišišo ya maikutlo e lebišitše tlhokomelo maikutlong a mabe le maitshwaro ao a a hlohleletšago.[6] Le ge go le bjalo, thuto ya monagano ye botse e tsenelela ka gare ga boikemišetšo bjalo ka maikutlo a mabotse ao a hlohleletšago batho go ya go tiro, a lebiša go dipoelo tše bohlokwa tša go swana le go phegelela le katlego. 352mxvircpobjohchipo9rx082xt0x5 55375 55374 2026-08-06T12:47:30Z Mhanimhani 8377 linked 55375 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determination</ref>Phegelelo [[Boikemišetšo]] ke maikutlo a mabotse a maikutlo ao a kgothaletšago go phegelela go fihlelela pakane ye thata go sa šetšwe mapheko.[2][3] Boikemišetšo bo direga pele ga go fihlelela pakane gomme bo šomela go hlohleletša boitshwaro bjo bo tlago thuša go fihlelela pakane ya motho. Tlhohleletšo e hlohleletša boikemišetšo le go kgoromeletša motho pele gore a kgone go lebeletšana le bothata bja gagwe. Boikemišetšo gape bo thuša batho go ba le sebete. Dinyakišišo tša diphihlelo di šišinya gore batho ba tšea boikemišetšo e le maikutlo; ka mantšu a mangwe, boikemišetšo ga se feela boemo bja temogo, eupša ke boemo bja maikwelo.[4] Dingwalweng tša thuto ya monagano, banyakišiši ba ithuta boikemišetšo ka fase ga mareo a mangwe, go akaretšwa tlhohlo le phišego ya go lebelela pele; se se ka hlalosa lebaka le tee la go hloka nyakišišo mo go lekanyeditšwego mabapi le boikemišetšo ge go bapetšwa le maikwelo a mangwe a mabotse.[3][5] Lefapheng la thuto ya monagano, nyakišišo ya maikutlo e lebišitše tlhokomelo maikutlong a mabe le maitshwaro ao a a hlohleletšago.[6] Le ge go le bjalo, thuto ya monagano ye botse e tsenelela ka gare ga boikemišetšo bjalo ka maikutlo a mabotse ao a hlohleletšago batho go ya go tiro, a lebiša go dipoelo tše bohlokwa tša go swana le go phegelela le katlego. 04bspk94xig77o5ouignu6ohnrorbcg 14 13943 55379 2026-08-06T13:16:58Z Purplespeedy 8404 added a new article 55379 wikitext text/x-wiki === Baetapela ba Basadi === Taba ya baetapela ba basadi ke ntlha ye bohlokwa kudu mo go tšwetšopele ya setšhaba le ekonomi ya Afrika Borwa. Ka fase ga lenaneo la thuto la CAPS, re sekaseka karolo yeo basadi ba e bapalago go tša bopolotiki, tša boiphedišo le tša leago. ==== 1. Histori le Boitshwaro ==== Basadi ba Afrika Borwa ba bontšhitše boetapele go tloga kgale, kudu nakong ya ntwa ya tokologo. Mehlala ye e tumilego e akaretša: * Lilian Ngoyi le Helen Joseph: Ba ba ilego ba etelela pele mogwanto wa basadi wa 1956 go lwantšha melao ya dipasa. * Winnie Madikizela-Mandela: Yo a ilego a ba sekafatšo sa boetapele le kgotlelelo nakong ya kgethollo. ==== 2. Boetapele go tša Dipolotiki le Mmušo ==== Ka morago ga 1994, mmušo wa Afrika Borwa o ile wa tšea magato a go netefatša gore basadi ba ba le lentswe: * Palamente: Afrika Borwa ke ye nngwe ya dinaga tšeo di nago le palo ye godimo ya basadi ka Palamenteng le ka gare ga Kabinete. * Melao: Molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa o šireletša tekano ya bong, gomme melao ya go swana le ''Employment Equity Act'' e gapeletša gore basadi ba fiwe menyetla ya boetapele. ==== 3. Boetapele go tša Dikgwebo (Ekonomi) ==== Le ge go sa na le ditlhotlo, basadi ba bantši ba saenetše go ba baetapele ba dikhamphani tše kgolo (CEOs): * Basadi ba tliša mekgwa ye mefsa ya go rarolla mathata le go šoma ka tšhisinko (empathy). * Go hlohleletšwa ga basadi go tšea karolo go tša mahlale, theknolotši, boentšenere le dipalo (STEM). ==== 4. Ditlhotlo tšeo baetapela ba basadi ba kopanago le tšona ==== * Kgethollo ya Bong: Basadi ba sa kopana le kgopolo ya gore boetapele ke banna fela. * Tekatekano ya Mošomo le Legae: Basadi ba bantši ba swanela ke go leka-lekanya boikarabelo bja lapa le bja mošomo. * Go se lefelwe ka go lekana: Mo mafapheng a mangwe, basadi ba sa amogela megolo ye e lego fase go feta ya banna ba ba dirago mošomo o swanago. nw5y959j17pdnxsbg10wo29xntab9g7 55380 55379 2026-08-06T13:21:52Z Purplespeedy 8404 /* Baetapela ba Basadi */ 55380 wikitext text/x-wiki === Baetapela ba Basadi === Taba ya baetapela ba basadi ke ntlha ye bohlokwa kudu mo go tšwetšopele ya setšhaba le ekonomi ya Afrika Borwa. Ka fase ga lenaneo la thuto la CAPS, re sekaseka karolo yeo basadi ba e bapalago go tša bopolotiki, tša boiphedišo le tša leago.<ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=basadi+ba+baetapele+ka+afrika+borwa&cvid=f5a21338c62044be85312e4d966d9144&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgkIABBFGDsY-QcyCQgAEEUYOxj5BzIGCAEQRRg5MgYIAhBFGD0yBggDEEUYPDIGCAQQRRg80gEJMTcyMDlqMGoxqAIAsAIA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=ASTS basadi ba baetapele ka afrika borwa - Search]</ref> ==== 1. Histori le Boitshwaro ==== Basadi ba Afrika Borwa ba bontšhitše boetapele go tloga kgale, kudu nakong ya ntwa ya tokologo. Mehlala ye e tumilego e akaretša:<ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=basadi+ba+baetapele+ka+afrika+borwa&cvid=f5a21338c62044be85312e4d966d9144&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgkIABBFGDsY-QcyCQgAEEUYOxj5BzIGCAEQRRg5MgYIAhBFGD0yBggDEEUYPDIGCAQQRRg80gEJMTcyMDlqMGoxqAIAsAIA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=ASTS basadi ba baetapele ka afrika borwa - Search]</ref> * Lilian Ngoyi le Helen Joseph: Ba ba ilego ba etelela pele mogwanto wa basadi wa 1956 go lwantšha melao ya dipasa. * Winnie Madikizela-Mandela: Yo a ilego a ba sekafatšo sa boetapele le kgotlelelo nakong ya kgethollo.<ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=basadi+ba+baetapele+ka+afrika+borwa&cvid=f5a21338c62044be85312e4d966d9144&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgkIABBFGDsY-QcyCQgAEEUYOxj5BzIGCAEQRRg5MgYIAhBFGD0yBggDEEUYPDIGCAQQRRg80gEJMTcyMDlqMGoxqAIAsAIA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=ASTS basadi ba baetapele ka afrika borwa - Search]</ref> ==== 2. Boetapele go tša Dipolotiki le Mmušo ==== Ka morago ga 1994, mmušo wa Afrika Borwa o ile wa tšea magato a go netefatša gore basadi ba ba le lentswe: * Palamente: Afrika Borwa ke ye nngwe ya dinaga tšeo di nago le palo ye godimo ya basadi ka Palamenteng le ka gare ga Kabinete.<ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=basadi+ba+baetapele+ka+afrika+borwa&cvid=f5a21338c62044be85312e4d966d9144&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgkIABBFGDsY-QcyCQgAEEUYOxj5BzIGCAEQRRg5MgYIAhBFGD0yBggDEEUYPDIGCAQQRRg80gEJMTcyMDlqMGoxqAIAsAIA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=ASTS basadi ba baetapele ka afrika borwa - Search]</ref> * Melao: Molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa o šireletša tekano ya bong, gomme melao ya go swana le ''Employment Equity Act'' e gapeletša gore basadi ba fiwe menyetla ya boetapele. ==== 3. Boetapele go tša Dikgwebo (Ekonomi) ==== Le ge go sa na le ditlhotlo, basadi ba bantši ba saenetše go ba baetapele ba dikhamphani tše kgolo (CEOs): * Basadi ba tliša mekgwa ye mefsa ya go rarolla mathata le go šoma ka tšhisinko (empathy). * Go hlohleletšwa ga basadi go tšea karolo go tša mahlale, theknolotši, boentšenere le dipalo (STEM). ==== 4. Ditlhotlo tšeo baetapela ba basadi ba kopanago le tšona ==== * Kgethollo ya Bong: Basadi ba sa kopana le kgopolo ya gore boetapele ke banna fela. * Tekatekano ya Mošomo le Legae: Basadi ba bantši ba swanela ke go leka-lekanya boikarabelo bja lapa le bja mošomo. * Go se lefelwe ka go lekana: Mo mafapheng a mangwe, basadi ba sa amogela megolo ye e lego fase go feta ya banna ba ba dirago mošomo o swanago. 80ugbufr4i37mxiupjqrj9kkhvxyq6d 0 13944 55393 2026-08-07T08:00:32Z Patience02 8394 Tlhodile letlakala ka '= '''Bohlokwa bja Maphodisa Setšhabeng''' = [[Seswantšho:South African Police car - highway patrol.jpg|thumb|Koloi Ya Maphodisa]] '''Maphodisa''' ke lerapo la mokokotlo la polokego setšhabeng se sengwe le se sengwe sa maleba. Mošomo wa bona ga se fela go latela melao, eupša ke go netefatša gore badudi ba phela ba bolokegile, dithoto tša bona di thabetše tšhireletso, gomme ditokelo tša batho di a hlomphiwa . Setšhaba se se se nale go tšhireletšo se ka se...' 55393 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Bohlokwa bja Maphodisa Setšhabeng''' = [[Seswantšho:South African Police car - highway patrol.jpg|thumb|Koloi Ya Maphodisa]] '''Maphodisa''' ke lerapo la mokokotlo la polokego setšhabeng se sengwe le se sengwe sa maleba. Mošomo wa bona ga se fela go latela melao, eupša ke go netefatša gore badudi ba phela ba bolokegile, dithoto tša bona di thabetše tšhireletso, gomme ditokelo tša batho di a hlomphiwa . Setšhaba se se se nale go tšhireletšo se ka se kgone go tšwela pele ka merero ya thuto, kgwebo, goba maphelo a letšatši le letšatši ka khutšo. Ka fao, mo re sekaseka ka botlalo le ka go tsenelela bohlokwa bja lekala le la tšhireletšo go rena .<ref name=":0">https://www.saps.gov.za/links.php</ref> <ref name=":0" /> === '''Go Tiša Khotso le Thulaganyo ya Setšhaba''' === Khutšo ga se fela go se be gona ga ditiro tša bošoro, eupša ke thulaganyo e botse le go ba gona ga tshepo gare ga badudi . Maphodisa ba netefatša gore melao ya naga e a hlomphiwa  gomme e a latelwa ke bohle ka go lekana, go sa hlokomelehe maemo a motho setšhabeng goba madi a gagwe. Ka baka la go ba gona ga bona ditseleng , ditoropong le metseng, go ba le thulaganyo e botse mafelong a kgwebo, dikolong le mo re phelang gona.<ref>https://pmg.org.za/files/SAPS_2026-27_ANNUAL_PERFORMANCE_PLAN_30_March_2026.pdf</ref> Ntle le maphodisa, go ka ba le moferefere woo mong we le mong a ka dirago se se mo kgahlang, e le ntho e ka thubago setšhaba ka lebelo le go tliša letšhogo la go se fele maatla .<ref>https://www.policesecretariat.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/CSP%20Annual%20Report%2020242025%20final.pdf</ref> === '''Go Lwantšha le go Thibela Bosenyi bjo bo Fapafapanego''' === Motho yo mong le yo mong o na le tokelo ya motheo ya go phela ntle le letšhogo la go amogwa dithoto goba go hlaselwa. Maphodisa ba šoma ka ditsela tše tharo tše bohlokwa go laola le go thibela bosenyi:<ref>https://www.saps.gov.za/about/stratframework/annual_report/2010_2011/4_prg2_vispol.pdf</ref> [[Seswantšho:Arrest of Ryan Wesley Routh.jpg|thumb|Seswantšho Sa Motšhwasehlabelo Yeo A Swerego Malebana Le Go Diriša Diokobatši]] '''• Go thibela bosenyi (Visible Policing):''' Go sepela ga dikoloi tša maphodisa le go ba gona ga bona ka diaparo tša mošomo go tšhoša ditsotsi go dira bosenyi bjo bo šoro bja go swana le go thubelwa ga malapa, bohodu bja dikoloi, le ditiro tša bošoro. <ref>https://www.saps.gov.za/about/stratframework/annual_report/2010_2011/4_prg2_vispol.pdf</ref> '''• Go nyakišiša le go swara ba melato:''' Ge bosenyi bo šetše bo diregile , maphodisa a magolo a bitšwago <nowiki>''detectives ''</nowiki>a nyakišiša ditherešo, ba kgoboketša bohlatse ka ditsela tša mahlale, gomme ba swara bamelato gore ba tlišwe phetong ya toka le dikgolego tša naga ya [[Afrika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] ka bophara.<ref>https://www.saps.gov.za/careers/forensic.php</ref> '''• Go Lwantšha Diokabatši le''' '''Bošoro bja Bong:''' Maphodisa a mehleng  a lebeletše kudu mo go amanago le go thuba diriša diokabatši tšeo di senyago maphelo a baswa, gammogo le go tšhireletsa basadi le bana ba ba tlaišwago ka gare ga malapa.<ref>https://www.unicef.org/protection/gender-based-violence-in-emergencies</ref> === '''Tšhireletso le Phološo Nakong tša Tšhoganetšo''' === [[Seswantšho:Police car accident Wołowska - Domaniewska.jpg|thumb|Seswantšho Sa Kotsi Ya Dikoloi]] Ge go na le kotsi, thulano ya dikoloi, ditiro tša bošoro ka malapeng, goba dikotsi tša tlhago tša go swana le dikhuphelo tša meetse goba mello, maphodisa ke bona ba thušago ka lebelo  pele go tla go hlakodiša batho. Ba šoma ka mafolofolo diiring tše masomepedi nne (24 hours) ka letšatši, gantši ka tlase ga maemo a kotsi kudu moo ba ka gobalang goba ba hlokofalela go phološa maphelo a batho ba ba sa ba tsebego. Boikgafo bjo bo tliša boiketlo pelong tša badudi ka gore ba a tseba gore go na le yo a ba thušago ka dinako tša tšhoganetšo.<ref>https://www.studocu.com/en-za/messages/question/5482864/discuss-the-role-of-the-following-services-and-use-practical-examples-south-african-police</ref> === '''Tšhumišano ya Maphodisa le Badudi (CPF)''' === Setšhaba se se nago le tshepagalo le maphodisa se gola ka lebelo le lebotse le polokego. Ka go hlongwa ga di-Community Policing Forums (CPF), badudi le maphodisa ba kgona go kopana letšatši le letšatši go rera ka mathata a polokego a tikologo ya bona. Tšhumišano ye e fa badudi matla a go ba "mahlo le ditshebe" tša maphodisa ka go bega ditiro tša bosenyi le boralatodi ba sa le dinaleng. Se se thibela baagi go tšea molao ka dinala tša bona (vigilantism), e lego ntho e kotsi kudu le yona.<ref>https://pmg.org.za/committee-question/37918/</ref> === '''Tshepedišo ya Toka le Kgotsofalo ya Batšwasehlabelo''' === Maphodisa ke tsela e kgolo ya go tsena ka gare ga tshepedišo ya toka (Justice System). Ge maphodisa a dira mošomo wa bona ka botshephegi , ba ntšha ba melato mekgatlong ya rena gomme se se tliša khutšo go ba ba hlakišitšweng goba ba ba diragalelego ke bosenyi. Toka e kgotsofatšang e thibela batho go kgalema ka go itwela, gomme ya fa naga ya [[Afrika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] seriti sa go ba naga ya molao.<ref>https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202511/south-african-police-service-annual-report-2024-2025.pdf</ref> == Ditšhupetšo == <references /> [[Setensele:Bohlokwa Bja Maphodisa Setshabeng]] lpua6wjg880omnhomxa2ffnezk4e510 0 13945 55394 2026-08-07T08:16:23Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Tlhodile letlakala ka ''''Sefagafaga (Sefagafaga Magic Tree)''' [[Seswantšho:Sefagafaga tree.jpg]] Sefagafaga (Sefagafaga Magic Tree) ke sehlare sa bohlokwa bja setšo seo se hwetšwago Mafefe, ka gare ga Mmasepala wa Selegae wa Lepelle-Nkumpi, Kgaolong ya Capricorn, Profenseng ya Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Sehlare se se tšewa e le lefelo la setšo le la bohlokwa go badudi ba tikologo, gomme ke karolo ya mafelo a bohwa bja setšo a lefelong leo.<ref name=":0">https://www.lepelle-nkumpi.gov...' 55394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sefagafaga (Sefagafaga Magic Tree)''' [[Seswantšho:Sefagafaga tree.jpg]] Sefagafaga (Sefagafaga Magic Tree) ke sehlare sa bohlokwa bja setšo seo se hwetšwago Mafefe, ka gare ga Mmasepala wa Selegae wa Lepelle-Nkumpi, Kgaolong ya Capricorn, Profenseng ya Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Sehlare se se tšewa e le lefelo la setšo le la bohlokwa go badudi ba tikologo, gomme ke karolo ya mafelo a bohwa bja setšo a lefelong leo.<ref name=":0">https://www.lepelle-nkumpi.gov.za/lepelle-nkumpi-admin/pages/sites/lepellenkumpi/documents/strategies/Draft_Tourism_Plan%202019.pdf</ref> '''Histori le bohlokwa bja setšo''' Sefagafaga se tswalanywa le ditlwaelo tša setšo le ditumelo tša badudi ba Mafefe. Setšhaba sa lefelong leo se dira meletlo ya setšo le ditiragalo tša semoya kgauswi le sehlare se, gomme se tšewa e le lefelo la bohlokwa bja semoya le bohwa bja setšo.<ref name=":1">https://www.lepelle-nkumpi.gov.za/lepelle-nkumpi-admin/pages/sites/lepellenkumpi/documents/strategies/Draft%20LED%20Strategy%202019.pdf</ref> Ka lebaka la maemo a sona a go hlompšha ka setšo, go ka ba le dinako tše dingwe moo go fihlelela sehlare se go thibelwago morago ga ge go dirilwe meletlo ya setšo, gore go hlompšhe ditlwaelo le melao ya setšhaba.<ref name=":0" /> Sefagafaga se emela tswalano magareng ga ditshepedišo tša tsebo ya setšo sa Maafrika, ditumelo tša setšo le tikologo ya tlhago. Se tšewa e le se sengwe sa maswao a setšo ao a thušago go aga boitsebišo le bohwa bja setšhaba sa Mafefe. '''Boeti''' Sefagafaga se lemogilwe bjalo ka lefelo leo le ka godišago boeti ka gare ga Mmasepala wa Lepelle-Nkumpi. Lefelo le ke karolo ya menyetla ya boeti bja tlhago le bja setšo tikologong yeo.<ref name=":1" /> Go hlabolla lefelo le gore e be lefelo la boeti go swanetše go dirwa ka tlhompho ya ditlwaelo tša setšo le ka go boledišana le maloko a setšhaba sa lefelong leo. Tšhireletšo le tema ya setšhaba Go boloka Sefagafaga go ithekgile kudu ka thušo le tema ya setšhaba sa Mafefe. Tšhireletšo ya sehlare se e akaretša go hlokomela bohlokwa bja sona bja setšo mola go kgonthišetšwa gore baeti ba kwešiša le go hlompha ditlwaelo tšeo di amanago le lefelo le.<ref name=":0" /> Ditšhupetšo 1. Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. Tourism Plan: Sefagafaga Magic Tree. Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality.<ref name=":0" /> 2. Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. Integrated Development Plan (IDP) 2026/2027. Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality.<ref name=":1" /> f33obm0u62hlm17ovdqzc3cv7bi1mkm 0 13946 55395 2026-08-07T09:09:32Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Tlhodile letlakala ka ''''Kgoši Sekhukhune I''' Kgoši Sekhukhune I (o belegwe e le Matsebe, mo e ka bago ka 1814 – 13 Phato 1882) e be e le kgoši ya Mmušo wa Marota, wo gape o tsebjago e le Mmušo wa Bapedi, ka leboa la Afrika Borwa. O gopolwa bjalo ka yo mongwe wa magoši a bohlokwa a lekgolong la bo-19 la mengwaga ka lebaka la boetapele bja gagwe, bokgoni bja tša ntwa le go ganetša katološo ya bokoloniale bja Maburu le Boritane.<ref name=":0">https://sahistory.org.za/dated-even...' 55395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgoši Sekhukhune I''' Kgoši Sekhukhune I (o belegwe e le Matsebe, mo e ka bago ka 1814 – 13 Phato 1882) e be e le kgoši ya Mmušo wa Marota, wo gape o tsebjago e le Mmušo wa Bapedi, ka leboa la Afrika Borwa. O gopolwa bjalo ka yo mongwe wa magoši a bohlokwa a lekgolong la bo-19 la mengwaga ka lebaka la boetapele bja gagwe, bokgoni bja tša ntwa le go ganetša katološo ya bokoloniale bja Maburu le Boritane.<ref name=":0">https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/british-mission-subdue-sekhukhune-abandoned</ref> '''Bophelo bja mathomo''' Sekhukhune o belegwe mo e ka bago ka ngwaga wa 1814. E be e le morwa wa Kgoši Sekwati I, yo e bego e le mmuši wa Mmušo wa Marota. Leina la gagwe la mathomo e be e le Matsebe. Ka morago ga lehu la tatagwe ka 1861, go ile gwa ba le phadišano ya go hwetša bogoši magareng ga yena le mogolwagwe Mampuru II.<ref name=":1"><nowiki>https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/sekhukhune-successfully-resists-boers</nowiki></ref> Sekhukhune o ile a fenya phadišano yeo gomme a ba kgoši ya Marota. Ka morago ga go ba kgoši, o ile a aga gape maatla a mmušo wa gagwe gomme a dira gore Bapedi ba be le boemo bjo maatla gare ga ditšhaba tša Afrika Borwa.[https://sahistory.org.za/people/king-sekhukhune]<ref name=":0" /> '''Pušo ya Kgoši Sekhukhune''' Nakong ya pušo ya gagwe, Kgoši Sekhukhune o ile a šoma go matlafatša Mmušo wa Marota ka go hlama madira a maatla, go aga dikamano le ditšhaba tše dingwe le go šireletša naga ya Bapedi.<ref><nowiki>https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/king-sekhukhune-defeated-british-war</nowiki></ref> Mmušo wa Marota ka nako yeo o be o akaretša mafelo a magolo ao lehono a lego ka profenseng ya Limpopo, dikarolong tša Gauteng le dikarolong tša Free State. Le ge mellwane ya diprofense tša lehono e se ya swana le ya mengwageng ya bo-1800, naga ya Marota e be e le ye kgolo gomme e be e na le khuetšo ye kgolo tikologong yeo.<ref name=":2"><nowiki>https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/british-mission-subdue-sekhukhune-abandoned</nowiki></ref> Sekhukhune o ile a tsebja ka boetapele bja gagwe bja go šireletša setšhaba sa [https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/british-mission-subdue-sekhukhune-abandoned Bapedi] le go boloka boipušo bja mmušo wa gagwe nakong yeo bafaladi ba Yuropa ba bego ba leka go oketša maatla a bona Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> '''Dintwa tša Sekhukhune''' Kgoši Sekhukhune I o tumile kudu ka dintwa tšeo a ilego a di lopa kgahlanong le bao ba bego ba nyaka go tšea taolo ya naga ya gagwe. O ile a šomiša madira a Bapedi go šireletša Mmušo wa Marota le batho ba gagwe.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1876, Repabliki ya Transvaal e ile ya hlasela Mmušo wa Marota. Le ge Maburu a be a na le dibetša tše dingwe tša sebjalebjale, madira a Sekhukhune a ile a kgona go ganetša tlhaselo yeo gomme a šireletša naga ya bona.<ref name=":2" /> Ka morago ga ge Boritane e amogetše taolo ya Transvaal ka 1877, ntwa magareng ga Sekhukhune le Boritane e ile ya tšwela pele. Ka 1878 le 1879, Boritane e ile ya dira ditlhaselo tše kgolo kgahlanong le Bapedi.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 1879, nakong ya ntwa ya Sekhukhune, madira a Boritane a ile a fenya madira a Bapedi. Sekhukhune o ile a swarwa ka la 2 Manthole 1879 gomme a išwa kgolegong kua Pretoria.<ref name=":0" /> '''Lehu la Kgoši Sekhukhune''' Ka morago ga ge a lokolotšwe ka 1881, Sekhukhune o ile a boela nageng ya gagwe. Eupša go ile gwa tšwela pele go ba le dintwa tša ka gare tša lapa la bogoši mabapi le gore ke mang yo a swanetšego go ba kgoši.<ref name=":1" /> Ka la 13 Phato 1882, Kgoši Sekhukhune I o ile a bolawa ke mogolwagwe Mampuru II ka morago ga kgohlano ya bogoši.<ref name=":1" /> '''Bohwa bja gagwe''' Kgoši Sekhukhune I o sa gopolwa bjalo ka leswao la sebete, boetapele le kganetšo kgahlanong le bokoloniale. O tšwela pele go hlomphiwa ke Bapedi le batho ba bantši Afrika Borwa ka lebaka la go lwela naga, setšo le tokologo ya batho ba gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> Sekhukhune District Municipality kua Limpopo e reilwe ka leina la gagwe go hlompha bohlokwa bja gagwe historing ya Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> [https://sahistory.org.za/people/king-sekhukhune] == Methopo == {{cite web |title=King Sekhukhune |url=https://sahistory.org.za/people/king-sekhukhune |access-date=7 August 2026 |publisher=South African History Online}} {{cite web |title=King Sekhukhune is defeated by the British in war |url=https://sahistory.org.za/dated-event/king-sekhukhune-defeated-british-war |access-date=7 August 2026 |publisher=South African History Online}} {{cite book|last=Delius|first=Peter|title=The Land Belongs to Us: The Pedi Polity, the Boers and the British in the Nineteenth-Century Transvaal|publisher=Heinemann}} ia1whl4xd48qxk8ojhzq42ft1zrml6h 0 13947 55396 2026-08-07T09:36:10Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Tlhodile letlakala ka ''''Kgošikgolo Victor Thulare III''' Kgošikgolo Victor Thulare III o belegwe ka di 24 Manthole 1980 a hlokofala ka di 06 Dibokwane 2021, yo gape a tsebegago e le Kgoši Thulare III, e be e le kgoši ya Mmušo wa BaPedi gona ka mo Afrika Borwa. E be e le setlogolo sa leloko la bogoši la Marota gomme e le morwa wa Kgoši Rhyane Thulare Sekhukhune III. O ile a lemogwa semmušo bjalo ka kgoši ya BaPedi ka 2020. <ref name=":0">https://www.gov.za/Kgoshikgolo-Thulare-II...' 55396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgošikgolo Victor Thulare III''' Kgošikgolo Victor Thulare III o belegwe ka di 24 Manthole 1980 a hlokofala ka di 06 Dibokwane 2021, yo gape a tsebegago e le Kgoši Thulare III, e be e le kgoši ya Mmušo wa BaPedi gona ka mo Afrika Borwa. E be e le setlogolo sa leloko la bogoši la Marota gomme e le morwa wa Kgoši Rhyane Thulare Sekhukhune III. O ile a lemogwa semmušo bjalo ka kgoši ya BaPedi ka 2020. <ref name=":0">https://www.gov.za/Kgoshikgolo-Thulare-III</ref> '''Bophelo bja mathomo''' Victor Thulare o belegwe ka la 24 Manthole 1980 kua Maandagshoek, profenseng ya Limpopo. O godišitšwe ka gare ga lapa la bogoši la BaPedi gomme a tšwela pele ka bohwa bja bagologolo ba gagwe, go akaretšwa dikgoši tša histori tša Marota bjalo ka Kgoši Thulare I, Sekwati I le Sekhukhune I.<ref name=":1">https://thepresidency.gov.za/eulogy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-funeral-king-thulare-victor-thulare-iii-bapedi-kingdom</ref> '''Go ba kgoši ya BaPedi''' Ka morago ga lehu la tatagwe, Kgoši Rhyane Thulare Sekhukhune III, go bile le dingangišano tša mabapi le bogoši bja BaPedi. Ka morago ga ditsheko tša kgoro, Victor Thulare III o ile a lemogwa e le mojalefa wa bogoši gomme ka 2020 Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa Ciril Ramaphosa o ile a mo amogela semmušo bjalo ka Kgoši ya BaPedi. <ref name=":0" /> '''Boetapele le pono ya gagwe''' Nakong ye kopana ya pušo ya gagwe, Kgoši Thulare III o ile a tsebega ka go gatelela botee bja BaPedi, tlhabollo ya ekonomi, maatlafatšo ya baswa le go šireletša ditokelo tša setšo le bohwa bja batho ba gagwe. O be a na le pono ya gore Mmušo wa BaPedi o swanetše go tšea karolo go tšwetšeng pele bophelo bjo bokaone go batho ba wona.O ile a tšwela pele ka mekgwa ya go aga dikamano magareng ga bogoši bja setšo, mmušo le ditšhaba ka kakaretšo. Pono ya gagwe e be e lebane le tlhabollo ya mafelo a Ga-Sekhukhune, go akaretšwa ditaba tša mešomo, ditirelo tša motheo le go godiša baswa.<ref name=":2">https://www.presidency.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-declares-special-official-funeral-category-1-kgoshikgolo-thulare-thulare-iii</ref> '''Lehu''' Kgošikgolo Victor Thulare III o hlokofetše ka la 6 Dibokwane 2021 Pretoria a na le mengwaga ye 40. Lehu la gagwe le ile la begwa e le leo le bakilwego ke mathata ao a tswalanago le bolwetši bja COVID-19 nakong ya leuba la lefase ka bophara. O ile a bolokwa kua Mohlaletsi, Sekhukhuneland, Limpopo, gomme a fiwa tirelo ya poloko ya maemo a godimo.<ref name=":1" /> '''Bohwa''' Kgošikgolo Thulare III o gopolwa bjalo ka moetapele yo monyenyane wa setšo yo a bego a na le pono ya go kopanya BaPedi le go tšwetša pele tlhabollo ya setšhaba sa gagwe. Le ge pušo ya gagwe e bile ye kopana, o tlogetše leina historing ya BaPedi bjalo ka kgoši yeo e bego e ikemišeditše botee, toka le tšwelopele. <ref name=":2" /> == Methopo == * The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa. "President Ramaphosa declares Special Official Funeral Category 1 for Kgoshikgolo Thulare Thulare III." E hwetšagala go: https://www.presidency.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-declares-special-official-funeral-category-1-kgoshikgolo-thulare-thulare-iii * South African Government. "Kgoshikgolo Thulare III." E hwetšagala go: https://www.gov.za/Kgoshikgolo-Thulare-III * South African Government News Agency (SAnews). "Special official funeral for King Thulare." E hwetšagala go: https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/special-official-funeral-king-thulare * The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa. "Eulogy by President Cyril Ramaphosa at the funeral of King Thulare Victor Thulare III of the BaPedi Kingdom." E hwetšagala go: https://thepresidency.gov.za/eulogy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-funeral-king-thulare-victor-thulare-iii-bapedi-kingdom * Government Communication and Information System (GCIS). "Government provides update on the arrangements for the Special Official Funeral of the late His Majesty King Victor Thulare of the BaPedi Kingdom." E hwetšagala go: https://www.gcis.gov.za/newsroom/media-releases/government-provides-update-arrangements-special-official-funeral-late-his bef6btidjgm12uw7ut09pkg7lmnu0gb 0 13948 55397 2026-08-07T10:09:56Z Kgalalelo94 8341 Tlhodile letlakala ka ''''Noka ya Mogalakwena''' Noka ya Mogalakwena ke ye nngwe ya dinoka tše dikgolo tšeo di lego ka Profenseng ya Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Ke lekala la Noka ya Limpopo gomme ke karolo ye bohlokwa ya tshepedišo ya meetse ya noka ya Limpopo. Noka ye e elela ka dikarolong tša ka leboa la Limpopo pele e kopana le Noka ya Limpopo kgauswi le mollwane wa Afrika Borwa le Botswana.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Limpopo Water Management Area |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/ |publ...' 55397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Mogalakwena''' Noka ya Mogalakwena ke ye nngwe ya dinoka tše dikgolo tšeo di lego ka Profenseng ya Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Ke lekala la Noka ya Limpopo gomme ke karolo ye bohlokwa ya tshepedišo ya meetse ya noka ya Limpopo. Noka ye e elela ka dikarolong tša ka leboa la Limpopo pele e kopana le Noka ya Limpopo kgauswi le mollwane wa Afrika Borwa le Botswana.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Limpopo Water Management Area |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/ |publisher=Department of Water and Sanitation}}</ref> '''Leina''' Leina Mogalakwena le tšwa go polelo ya Setswana. Lentšu Mogale le ra gore motho yo maatla goba yo bogale, mola kwena e le leina la phoofolo ya meetseng yeo e bitšwago kwena. Ka fao, leina Mogalakwena le ka hlalošwa e le “kwena ye bogale” goba “kwena ya maatla.”<ref><nowiki>https://www.dws.gov.za/</nowiki> </ref> '''Tsela ya go elela ga yona''' Noka ya Mogalakwena e thoma tikologong ya Waterberg kua Limpopo. Karolo ya yona ya mathomo e tsebja bjalo ka Noka ya Nyl, yeo e elelago ka lefelong la meetse a mantši la Nyl pele e fetoga Noka ya Mogalakwena.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Nylsvley Nature Reserve |url=https://www.sanbi.org/ |publisher=South African National Biodiversity Institute}}</ref> Go tloga moo, noka e tšwela pele go elela ka leboa la Profense ya Limpopo gomme mafelelong e kopana le Noka ya Limpopo kgauswi le mollwane wa Afrika Borwa le Botswana.<ref name=":0" /> Sebaka sa noka ya Mogalakwena se akaretša lefelo la go lekana le dikilometara tše dikwere tše ka bago 19 000 km², gomme ke ye nngwe ya ditshepedišo tše bohlokwa tša meetse ka gare ga Lefelo la Taolo ya Meetse la Limpopo.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Ramsar Sites Information Service: Nylsvley Nature Reserve |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/}}</ref> '''Makala a noka''' Dinoka tše mmalwa le melapo ya meetse di tšhela meetse a tšona ka Nokeng ya Mogalakwena. Tše dingwe tša tšona ke:<ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Nyl Noka ya Sterk Noka ya Dorps Noka ya Mothlakole Noka ya Matlalane Noka ya Seepabana Noka ya Klein Mogalakwena Noka ya Pholotsi '''Matamo''' Go na le matamo a mmalwa ao a lego ka gare ga tshepedišo ya noka ya Mogalakwena. Matamo a bohlokwa a akaretša:<ref name=":1" /> Letamo la Glen Alpine Letamo la Doorndraai Letamo la Combrink Letamo la Donkerpoort Matamo a thuša ka kabo ya meetse, temo le taolo ya methopo ya meetse tikologong ye.<ref name=":0" /> '''Tikologo le diphoofolo tša naga''' Noka ya Mogalakwena e thekga mehuta ye mentši ya diphedi le tikologo ya tlhago. Lefelo la meetse a mantši la Nyl, leo e lego karolo ya karolo ya godimo ya noka, le tsebja ka bohlokwa bja lona bja go šireletša dinonyana tše dintši tša meetse.<ref name=":1" /> Noka ye gape e na le bohlokwa go diphoofolo tša naga, go akaretša le dikubu tšeo di hwetšwago dikarolong tša tshepedišo ya Noka ya Limpopo.<ref name=":0" /> '''Bohlokwa bja setšo le histori''' Noka ya Mogalakwena e na le bohlokwa bja setšo go ditšhaba tšeo di dulago tikologong ya yona. Lefelo la Mogalakwena e bile legae la ditšhaba tša Afrika tše di fapanego, go akaretša le Bapedi le ditšhaba tše dingwe tšeo di bego di ithekgile ka naga le methopo ya meetse bakeng sa bophelo bja tšona.<ref name=":2" /> '''Ditlhohlo tša meetse''' Noka ya Mogalakwena e lebeletšana le diphetogo tša palo ya meetse ka lebaka la maemo a boso bja go oma ao a hwetšwago Limpopo. Nakong ya komelelo, dikarolo tše dingwe tša noka di ka ba le meetse a mannyane, e lego seo se ka amago batho, temo le diruiwa tšeo di ithekgilego ka noka ye.<ref name=":0" /> Bona gape Noka ya Limpopo Lefelo la Taolo ya Meetse la Limpopo Noka ya Nyl Mmasepala wa Selete wa Mogalakwena Lenaneo la dinoka tša Afrika Borwa == Methopo == {{Reflist}} == References == <references><ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /></references> 0wtszifvrlpo5ssvtud0g3nugj2inta