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Lobolo
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'''Lobola''' ka [[Setebele|Sesotho sa Leboa]] ( '''''mahadi''''' ka [[Sesotho]], '''''mahari''''' ka [[Seswahili]], '''''magadi''''' ka [[Sesotho sa Leboa|Sepedi]] le [[Setswana]], '''''lovola''''' ka [[Setsonga|Xitsonga]], le '''''mamalo''''' ka [[Sevenda|Tshivenda]] ), ka dinako tše dingwe e bitšwa " [[Theko ya monyadiwa|lehumo la monyadiwa."]]"<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/international-african-institute-192651/047EEFA82113039651006EC3ECD2F037</ref> <ref>[[Signe Arnfred]], ''Sexuality & Gender Politics in Mozambique: Rethinking Gender in Africa''</ref> '''goba''' "[[theko ya monyadiwa]]" ke thoto ka diruiwa goba mohuta o mongwe, yeo monna wa ka moso, goba hlogo ya lapa la gagwe, e itlamago go e fa hlogo ya lapa la mosadi wa ka moso bjalo ka tebogo ya go dumelela monna go nyala morwedi wa bona le [[Lobola|go]] lapa ka go mo godiša.
[[Seswantšho:Lobolo.jpg|center|thumb|Mohlala wa magadi]]
Lobolo goba lobola ka seZulu, seXhosa, seSwati, seLozi le seTebele( mahadi ka Sesotho, mahari ka seSwahili,magadi ka Sepedi, bogadi ka Setswana, lovola ka Xitsonga, mamalo ka seVenda le roora ka seChona), ka nako tše dingwe e bitšwa "dihlaolo"<ref name=":1">https://briefly.co.za/37583-all-details-lobola-what-lobola-lobola-letter-sample-wear-ceremony-more.html</ref> <ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/bridewealth</ref><ref>https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/economics/bride-price-bridewealth</ref>, magadi a katla ka tsela ya tšhelete goba ka leruo. Yena ke tsela ya go laetša hlopha go lapa la gabo lekgarebe goba mosadi yoo a bonwego bjalo ka sego sa meetse. Mokgwenyana o bontšha ditebogo go batswadi ba ngwetši.<ref name=":1" />
== Lobolo le Molao ==
[[Afrika Borwa]], moo mokgwa wa magadi o dirwago kudu, kopano ya pele e phethilwe go ya ka molao wa setšo, eupša bjale e laolwa ka fase ga Temogo ya Manyalo a Setšo, 1998 (Molao wa 120 wa 1998) (RCMA) gomme o na le dinyakwa tše di latelago tša pele gore lenyalo le dumelelwe ka fase ga molao wa setšo:
== Northern Ndebele culture ==
Monna wa go nyala mosadi wa gotšwa morafeng wa Matebele o swanetše go ntšha magadi. Monna o bonagala a rata molekane wa gagwe, ge a boloka mašeleng a go mo ntšhwetša magadi. Ka setšo sa Matebele gola la Zimbabwe, magadi a tšea magato a mmalwa. Mo legatong le lengwe le le lengwe la modiro,go na le setšo seo se swanetšego go lebelliwa ka tsinkelo le mašeleng a magadi a ntšhiwa gannyane gannyane. Lobola ga e lefelwe ka nako e tee eupša ke sehlohlolong sa ditšhelete tše dintši tše di fapanego. Tšhelete yeo e lefilwego e laolwa nakong ya ditherišano gomme e ithekgile ka mabaka a go fapafapana. Ge monyadi a be a dutše a boloka tšhelete go itokišeletša lenyalo, ka morago ga ditšhupetšo go tšwa go moratiwa wa gagwe tša seo lobola e ka bago sona, tshepedišo e ka phethwa ka dikgato tše pedi tše kopana - kgato ya mathomo, kgato ya go bula molomo goba "isivulamlomo", <ref>https://briefly.co.za/37583-all-details-lobola-what-lobola-lobola-letter-sample-wear-ceremony-more.html</ref> moo monyadi a fiwago sebaka sa go bolela maikemišetšo a gagwe a go nyala moratiwa wa gagwe ka morago ga go tsenya tšhelete ka serotong se se logilwego, gomme lapa la monyadiwa le botša grooms family seo ba se nyakago bjalo ka lobolo. Ke moka go bewa letšatši-kgwedi, leo le dumelelanago le mahlakore ka bobedi, gore ba kopane gape. Ka nako ya go ngwala, kgomo ka Zimbabwe ka tekanyo ye e lekanago e fiwa lapa la monyadiwa, lapa le ka kgopela tšhelete ye e lekanago le palo ya dikgomo tšeo ba di nyakago. Se se loketše malapa a mantši ka lebaka la gore go rua dikgomo go ka nyaka nako le mošomo o montši. Kgomo ye e bitšwa "ukangaziwe" yeo e lego kgomo ya mmago monyadiwa.<ref>https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/ndebele-traditional-marriage-customs-part-2/</ref> Mo kgatong ya bobedi, moo lapa la monyadi le itlhagišago ka letšatšikgwedi leo go kwanetšwego ka lona, tšhelete e bewa gape ka serotong se se logilwego gore e dumelelwa go bolela gomme e phethagatša dikgopelo tša lapa la monyadiwa ka go tšweletša ka moka ga lobola.
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BALOBEDU BA MOJADJI
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Balobedu ke batho ba o kgona go neša pula
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==== Modu wa Balobedu ====
Balobedu ke batho bao ba tšwago Bokgalaka [Zimbabwe] Moraga a mo ba rotogela ka mo Afrika Borwa, ba fihlela Venda. Ka ge kgale o be go na le dintwa ba ile ba fetela thabeng tša Bobobedu. Bokgoši bja hlophiwa ka ngwaga wa 1800.Balobedu ditlogolo tša kgošigolo Dzugudini, ditlogolokhukhu tša Monomotapa.
==== Pušo ya Balobedu ====
Pušo ya Balobedu ba Modjadi e thomile go bonala gabotse ka pušo ya Mampo Mokhoto. Le ge o le bjalo pušo ya Mampo Mokhoto e ile ya kopana le ditlohotlo tše dintši. Go swana le:
* Go hloka kwano le setšhaba.
* Dithulano tša selapa.
* Komelelo le tlala.
* Le phetolo ya bokgoši go ya ka badimo. Mampho Mokhotho o ile a ba ka gare ga kgakanego. Kudukudu ge barwa ba gawe ba leka leano la go mo bolaya. O ile a bolaya barwa ba gagwe ka moka wa šala lesea. Ka mahlatse lesea le ile la šireletšwa ke kgaetšadi ya lona e lego Dzugudini. Yena Dzugudini o ile a iša lesea bokgošing bja Bapedi. Lesea la fiwa leina la Mamaila bokgošing bja Bapedi. Ge e le komelelo e be e tšea karolo kudu.
===== Matswalo a Modjadji [1729- 1849] =====
Modjadji o belegwe go ya ka pitšo ya badimo. Ke mo tategwe Mampo Mokhoto a ilego a kgapeletšega go robalana le morwedi wa gagwe Dzugudini. Ka ge peleng ba ile ba robalana, efela Dzugudini a belega morwa ka ge badimo ba be ba nyaka morwedi gore e tle e be yena kgoši. Morago a gore Mampho Mokhoto a robalane le morwedi wa gagwe, [Madi a gagwe] Ke ge o belegwe yena Modjadji. Tšatši leo a tšwago bodibeng, leratadima le ile la fetoga. Pula e ile ya tšhhologa kudu. Ke mo Mampo Mokhoto a ilego a fa Modjadji leswika la badimo la bokgoši. Yena Maselokwane Modjadji wa pele. Pula e ile ya thoma go ba gona tša tlala dinoka boMolototsi. Go oketša mo: Ba be ba sa je nama ya kolobe, gobane ke phoofolo yeo ba e binago. Batho ba ile ba se sa lla ka komelelo, ya ba gona bokgoši bja Balobedu ba Modjadji bo swerwe ke basadi, go thoma ka yena Maselokwane.
===== Pušo ya Modjadji wa pele<ref>Bokgoši bja Bolobedu ke bja basadi fela</ref> =====
Pušo ya Modjadji wa pele e be e tloga e bonala botse mo ditšhabeng tša Baloedu. Kudukudu ka maatla a semoya a go neša pula. Pušo ya Modjadji e rutile bafsa ba lehono gore ba kgone go ke tseba le go itheta. Gape le go iša polelo ya Selobedu godimo mo ditšhabeng tša Afrika. Le go nyaka go e ruta bana mo dikolong.
References
Mothapo, T. [2022]. The Future of Khelobedu: Language, Identity and Youth Engagement. Limpopo Language Promotion.
Wikimedia commons- Balobedu Cultural Images.
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Moya wo Mokgethwa
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'''Moya wo Mokgethwa''', wo gape o tsebjago bjalo ka Moya wo Mokgethwa, ke kgopolo ka gare ga Badumedi Ba Aborahamika. Ka Sejudeng, '''Moya wo Mokgethwa''' o kwešišwa bjalo ka seka sa Modimo goba matla a Modimo ao a iponagatšago lefaseng, kudukudu ditirong tša boporofeta, tlholo le tlhahlo. Ka [[Sekriste|Bokeriste]] bja Nicaea, kgopolo ye e katološitšwe ka tlhaloso go emela motho wa boraro wa Boraro botee, yo a lekanago le yo a sa felego le Modimo Tate le Modimo Morwa. Ka Bomoseleme, Moya wo Mokgethwa o šoma bjalo ka moemedi wa tiro ya Modimo goba poledišano. Ka tumelong ya Bahá'i Faith, Moya wo Mokgethwa o bonwa bjalo ka mmoelanyi magareng ga Modimo le motho le "kgaugelo ya Modimo le mahlasedi ao a tšwago go Ponagatšo ya Gagwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some Answered Questions: The Holy Spirit |url=https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions/7#306500738 |access-date=2022-01-31 |website=www.bahai.org}}</ref>
Beibele ya Sehebere e na le lereo "moya wa Modimo" (''ruach elohim'') leo ka Bajuda le hlathollwago ka kgopolo ya maatla a Modimo wa botee .
Tlhathollo ye e fapane le kgopolo [[Sekriste|ya Bokriste]] ya Nicene ya Moya o Mokgethwa bjalo ka motho o tee wa Boraro botee.Kgopolo ya Bokeriste e na le tshekamelo ya go gatelela lehlakore la boitshwaro wa Moya wo Mokgethwa bjalo ka polelo ye e tlwaelegilego Testamenteng ye Mpsha. Ka mohlala, puku ya Ditiro e gatelela matla a bodiredi lehlakore la Moya wo Mokgethwa.
Ka botlalo, Bajuda ba gana kgopolo le ge e le efe ya bo modimo; bjo bo lekanago, bja batho ba bantši; selo le ge e le sefe ge e se borapedi bja Modimo o tee ka mo gofeletšego se thulana le Shema. Ga ba tšee lentšu la Sehebere bakeng sa "o tee" (Seheberu: אחד, ''ekhad'' ) e le leo le bolelago selo le ge e le sefe ntle le l''a'' dipalo tše bonolo . <ref name="i345">{{Cite web |last=Zukeran |first=Dr. Patrick |date=2005-06-14 |title=Judaism Viewed from a Christian Perspective |url=https://probe.org/judaism/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Probe Ministries}}</ref> Kwešišo ya bo rabi ya Moya wo Mokgethwa e na le tekanyo ye e itšego ya mothofatšo, eupša e sa dutše e le, "seka seo e lego sa Modimo, se sengwe sa dika tša gagwe". Kgopolo ya Modimo bjalo ka bobedi goba boraro botee e tšewa e le ''shituf'' (goba "e sego ya Modimo o tee ka mo gofeletšego").
Go ya ka rathutatumelo Rudolf Bultmann, go na le ditsela tše pedi tša go nagana ka Moya wo Mokgethwa: "animistic" le "dynamistic". Ka kgopolong ya animistic, ke "moemedi yo a ikemetšego, maatla a motho ka noši ao (...) a ka welago godimo ga monna gomme a mo tšea, a mo kgontšha goba a mo gapeletša go dira dipontšho tša maatla" mola ka kgopolong ya dynamistic e "tšwelela bjalo ka maatla ao a se nago botho ao a tlatšago motho bjalo ka seela". [8] Mehuta ye ka bobedi ya kgopolo e tšwelela mangwalong a Sejuda le a Bokeriste, eupša animistic e tlwaelegile kudu go Testamente ya Kgale mola dynamistic e tlwaelegile kudu Testamenteng ye Mpsha. [ 9] Phapano e sepelelana le Moya wo Mokgethwa bjalo ka mpho ya nakwana goba ya sa ruri. Testamenteng ya Kgale le kgopolong ya Sejuda, kudukudu ke ya nakwana go nagannwe ka seemo se se itšego goba mošomo, mola kgopolong ya Bokeriste mpho e dula bathong sa ruri[10].
Ge re lebelela ka ntle, go bonagala Moya wo Mokgethwa wo e-na le selo se se lekanago le sona madumeding a sephiri a Segerika ao e sego a Aborahamika. Madumedi a, a be aakaretša phapano magareng ga moya le monagano, yeo gape e bonwago diepistoleng tša Paulo. Go ya ka bathekgi ya History of religions school, kgopolo ya Bokeriste ya Moya wo Mokgethwa e ka se hlalošwe go tšwa dikgopolong tša Sejuda, feela ka ntle le go šupa madumedi a Bogerika. [ 11].
Eupša go ya ka rathutatumelo Erik Konsmo, dipono "ga di swane kudu moo e lego gore kgokagano e nnoši ye e kwagalago yeo motho a ka e dirago ke le lereo la Segerika πνεῦμα [ ''pneuma'', Moya] ka bolona". [ 12 ] .
Kgokagano ye nngwe le kgopolo ya bogologolo ya Segerika ke kgopolo ya Sestoiki ya moya bjalo ka ''anima mundi –'' goba moya wa lefase – wo o kopanyago batho ka moka. [ 12]. Ba bangwe ba dumela gore se se ka bonwa tlhamong ya Paulo ya kgopolo ya Moya wo Mokgethwa wo o kopanyago Bakeriste go [[Jesu]] Keriste le go ratana, eupša Konsmo gape o nagana gore maemo a thata go a boloka. [ 13]. Ka pukung ya gagwe ya matseno go 1964 ''Meditations'', moruti wa Anglican Maxwell Staniforth o ngwadile gore:<blockquote>Kgopolo ye nngwe ya Sestoiki yeo e bego e fa tlhohleletšo go Kereke e be e le ya "Moya wa Modimo". Tlhweko, a rata gofa tlhalošo ye e lego molaleng kudu go "mollo wa tlholo" wa Zeno, e be e bile wa mathomo go otla lereo ''pneuma'', goba "moya", go le hlaloša. Go swana le mollo, "moya" wo o bohlale o be o naganwa bjalo ka selo se se fokolago seo se swanago le moela wa moya goba mohemo, eupša gabotse o na le boleng bja borutho; e be e le gona legohleng e le Modimo, gomme mothong e le moya le molao wa motheo wo o neago bophelo. Go molaleng gore ga se kgato ye telele go tloga go sego ya go "Moya wo Mokgethwa" wa thutatumelo ya Bokeriste, "Morena le Moabi wa bophelo", wo o bonagaditšwego ka mo gobonagalago bjalo ka maleme a mollo ka Pentekoste gomme ga e sa le go tloga fao o tswalanywa – ka goMokeriste bjalo ka monaganong wa Sestoiki – le dikgopolo tša mollo wo bohlokwa le borutho bjo bo holago. </blockquote>
== Ditšhupetšo ==
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Koma ya basadi ba Baberwa
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Koma ya seberwa
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==== Koma ke setšo ====
Koma ya basadi ke setšo sa Baberwa. Ka Seberwa mosadi o bona koma ya basadi. Taba ya koma ya basadi ke setšo sa Baberwa go tloga kgale le kgale.<ref>Teaches young b about womanhood, culture, respect, health, marriage, and responsibilities in the community.
2. Usually teenage girls, led by older women/ _''makgomana''_.
3. Traditional songs, dances, language, hygiene, cooking, how to run a home, values, and cultural rules.
4. Can be days to weeks, depending on the community.
5. Often ends with a ceremony where the girls are presented back to the community as young</ref>
==== Mathomo a koma ====
Koma ya basadi ba Baberwa ba e thoma ka tsela ye: Ge lekgarebe le thoma o tšwa mabele e bile le sa tseba ka taba ya thobalano. Ke mo Bakgekolo le basadi ba e ba le morero ka kgarebe ya bo bona. Sa pele ba thoma go tsebiša ba mošate. "Gore le se makale mabung ga bolena go na le lešata."Ya ba gona ba tšwela pele.
==== Kgopa ====
Kgopa ke leina la kgarebe yeo e bonago koma. Le ke leina la Seberwa ge kgarebe e tšwa ka moraleng. Ge mosadi ga sa bona koma ya basadi ba re ke lethumaša. Mosadi yo go tla a rokgakilwe kudu le go feta letšu leo go ya ka setšo sa Baberwa. Botsebotse kgopa ke kgarebe ge mabele a le ntle ga dikobo. Bjale ka setšo sa Baberwa ba re ke mosadi yo ga e sa le kgarebe.
==== Dithuto tša koma ya basadi ====
[[Seswantšho:Initiation School Graduation Day.jpg|thumb]]
Dithuto tša koma ya basadi ke go thuša go aga lapa le bokamoso bja bana le basadi. Ka taba ya go hlompha banna le batho ba bangwe.
References
Teaches young b about womanhood, culture, respect, health, marriage, and responsibilities in the community.
2. Usually teenage girls, led by older women/ _''makgomana''_.
3. Traditional songs, dances, language, hygiene, cooking, how to run a home, values, and cultural rules.
4. Can be days to weeks, depending on the community.
5. Often ends with a ceremony where the girls are presented back to the community as young
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Setšo sa Baberwa
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==== Baberwa ====
Baberwa ke batho bao ba ilego ba gana go bušwa ke batho ba bangwe go ya ka setšo. Ke batho bao ba ilego ba ikemela ka bo bona. Kudu ka taba ya bokgoši.<ref>Go tšwa go bakgalabje ba motse</ref>
==== Leeto la Baberwa ====
Ke batho bao ba fetilego naga tše tharo: Malawi, Zimbabwe le Botsana. Leeto la bona le be le nabile kudu gore ba fihle ka mo Afrika-Borwa. Ba sepetše boima ka baka la dintwa.
==== Mohwano wa Baberwa ====
Ke ba bina tau ka ge ba ile ba kopana le tau ba e bolaya ba e tšwa ka Botswana. Ba re: Go tloga lehono ke rena ba bina tau. Ba thoma go dumela mo go tau. Botsebotse ba mpitša ditau.
==== Setšo sa Baberwa ====
Setšo sa Baberwa se tletše ka dilo tša kgale kudu. Kgoši e emišwa ka theto le dikoša tša setšo. Gape kgoši e bohlokwa ka tsela ya yona e le nnoši. Batho ba sa dula di kgorong ba rera melato. Masogana a ya komeng ka marega. Le koma ya makgarebe e gona. Ke batho le temo kudu.
Polelo ya Baberwa
Baberwa ba bolela Seberwa go tšwa setšong sa bo bona. Polelo ye e bolelwa profeseng ya Limpopo tekologong ya Sekgosese. Se ke sona setšo sa Baberwa ba bina tau.
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Baberwa ba Sekgosese
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==== Baberwa ====
Baberwa ke batho bao ba ilego ba gana go bušwa ke batho ba bangwe go ya ka setšo. Ke batho bao ba ilego ba ikemela ka bo bona. Kudu ka taba ya bokgoši.<ref>Go tšwa go bakgalabje ba motse</ref>
==== Leeto la Baberwa ====
Ke batho bao ba fetilego naga tše tharo: Malawi, Zimbabwe le Botsana. Leeto la bona le be le nabile kudu gore ba fihle ka mo Afrika-Borwa. Ba sepetše boima ka baka la dintwa.
==== Mohwano wa Baberwa ====
Ke ba bina tau ka ge ba ile ba kopana le tau ba e bolaya ba e tšwa ka Botswana. Ba re: Go tloga lehono ke rena ba bina tau. Ba thoma go dumela mo go tau. Botsebotse ba mpitša ditau.
==== Sereto sa Baberwa ====
Baberwa wee!
Ke Baberwa ba magodi ga lerotse!
Baberwa baila letsamaka!
Baberwa ba mahlo a matala!
Merwa wa mahlo a masehla a se yena ke Merwa wa le tsenela!
Batau wee!
Ke ditlogolo tša boTsekere ke letile
Ke ditlogolo tša boMachepelele a megala!
Ke ditlogolo tša bo Mahudu mahwa a tsoga!
Batau wee!
==== Setšo sa Baberwa ====
Setšo sa Baberwa se tletše ka dilo tša kgale kudu. Kgoši e emišwa ka theto le dikoša tša setšo. Gape kgoši e bohlokwa ka tsela ya yona e le nnoši. Batho ba sa dula di kgorong ba rera melato. Masogana a ya komeng ka marega. Le koma ya makgarebe e gona. Ke batho le temo kudu.
Polelo ya Baberwa
Baberwa ba bolela Seberwa go tšwa setšong sa bo bona. Polelo ye e bolelwa profeseng ya Limpopo tekologong ya Sekgosese. Se ke sona setšo sa Baberwa ba bina tau.
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Carex buchananii ya go swana le yona
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'''''Carex buchananii''''', yeo e tsebegago kudu ka maina a go swana le '''Buchanan's sedge''', '''bjang bjo bo segwago''', ke mohuta wa sedge (ka lapeng la Cyperaceae). E hwetšwa ka New Zealand, e hwetšwa ka bobedi Dihlakahlakeng tša Leboa le Borwa.
Ga e na le maswafe go ya ka Dimela tša lefase inthaneteng, eupša e na le a mabedi go ya ka New Zealand Plant Conservation Network.
== Tlhalošo ==
Ke sedge ya go thoma go seka ka boso bjo bohubedu,ebile e mehla ka go ba le di tufted tše di kitimago.
E thunya go tloga ka Diphalane go fihla ka Manthole gomme e tšweletša dienywa go tloga ka Dibatsela go fihla ka Phato gomme dinate di phatlalatšwa ke granivory le phefo.
== Kabo le bodulo ==
Ga e a tlwaelega Sehlakahlakeng sa Leboa, e hwetšwa ka borwa bja Manawatu. Sehlakahlakeng sa Borwa e hwetšwa kudu eupša ga se ya hwetšwa ka Westland le Fiordland. E hwetšwa go tšwa lebopong go ya dithabeng (go ya bophagamong bja 1000 m) e mela go tloga mabopong le mabopong le mathopong a letsha le melapo.
== Boemo bja pabalelo ==
Dikelo ka fase ga Tšhupeditšo ya go Hlopha Tšhošetšo ya New Zealand (NZTCS), di tšweleditšwe gore ga e Kotsing ka 2013, eupša ka 2017 gore e "Kotsing ,e Fokotšega" (Dec).
Kua UK, e naturalized gomme e tšewa bjalo ka mohuta wa go hlahla.
== Taxonomy le go rea maina ==
E hlalositšwe la mathomo ka 1880 ke Sven Berggren, yo a e filego leina le le itšego,''Buchanani'' (bjale ''buchananii''), go hlompha šomiši sa dimela sa New Zealand John Buchanan (1819–1898).
== Ditšhupetšo ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|refs=<ref name=bergr>Berggren, S. (1880) [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34981627 "New New Zealand Plants"], Journal of Botany 18: 104</ref>
<ref name=nzor>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/b3bf4780-221a-4aab-9844-e52a3f3c46b3|title=NZOR Name Details - Carex buchananii Berggr. |website=www.nzor.org.nz|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
<ref name=nzpcn>{{Cite web|url=http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=1400|title=Carex buchananii {{!}} New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|website=nzpcn.org.nz|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
<ref name=list>de Lange, P.J. ''et al.''{{cite web|url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf|title= Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017|date=2017|page=9}}</ref>
<ref name=powo>{{Cite web|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:298966-1|title=Carex buchananii Berggr. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|website=Plants of the World Online|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
<ref name=invasive>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/112975|title=Invasive species compendium: Carex buchananii|last=|first=|date=2019|website=www.cabi.org|doi=10.1079/cabicompendium.112975 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020204046/https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/112975 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=2019-11-19|doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name=thorsen>{{cite journal|last1=Thorsen|
first1=M.J.|last2=Dickinson|first2=K.J.M.|last3=Seddon|first3=P.J.
|title=Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora|journal=Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics|volume=11|issue=4|year=2009|
pages=285–309|issn=1433-8319|doi=10.1016/j.ppees.2009.06.001|
bibcode=2009PPEES..11..285T}}</ref>}}
== Dikgokagano tša ka ntle ==
* [http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=1400 ''Carex buchananii'' Neteweke ya Pabalelo ya Dimela ya New Zealand]
* [https://www.gbif.org/species/2712244 ''Carex buchananii'' ya data ketsahalo] ho tloha GBIF
*
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2938380}}
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Eriocaulaceae ya go swana le yona
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Eriocaulaceae''' ke lapa la dibjalo tša matšoba a monocotyledonous ka tatelano ya Poales, yeo ka tlwaelo e tsebjago bjalo ka '''lapa la pipewort'''. Lapa ke le legolo, ka mehuta ye e ka bago 1,207 ye e tsebjago yeo e hlalošitšwego ka meloko ye seswai. Di phatlalatšwa kudu, ka mafelo a go fapafapana bakeng sa sehlopha seo se diregago mafelong a borutho, kudu kudu [[Amerika|dinageng tša Amerika]]. Mehuta e sego kae kudu e atologela mafelong a borutho, go ena le mehuta ye 16 feela ka gare ga [[United States of America|United States]], bontši e le dinageng tša ka borwa go tloga California go ya Florida, mehuta e mebedi feela kua [[Canada]], le mohuta o tee feela (''Eriocaulon aquaticum'') kua [[Europa|Yuropa]]. Di na le tshekamelo ya go tswalanywa le mabu a kolobilego, a mantši a gola ka meetseng a sa tsepamago. Se se begwa gape go tšwa lefelong la go fiša la Western Ghats karolong ya ka borwa ya India.
Mehuta ye ke bontši bja dibjalo tša go phela nako ye telele tša mešunkwane,le ge e le gore tše dingwe ke dibjalo tša ngwaga; di swana le dibjalo ka malapeng a tswalanago a Cyperaceae (sedges) le Juncaceae (rushes),gomme go swana le tšona,di na le matšoba a manyenyane kudu,ao a nago le peu ya phefo ao a hlophišitšwego gotee ka dithunya tše di swanago le capitulum.
== Meloko ya Meloko ==
Meloko ye seswai ga bjale e amogetšwe.
* ''Comanthera'' {{Small|L.B.Sm.}}
* ''Eriocaulon'' {{Small|L.}} – diphaephe tša go swana le diphaephe
* ''Leiothrix'' {{Small|Ruhland}}
* ''Mesanthemum'' {{Small|Körn.}}
* ''Monosperma'' {{Small|(Hensold) Andrino}}
* ''P aepalanthus'' {{Small|Mart.}} (mahlalosetšagotee ''Actinocephalus'', ''Lachnocaulon'' (bogbutton) le ''Tonina'' )
* ''Rondonanthus'' {{Small|Herzog}}
* ''Syngonanthus'' {{Small|Ruhland}}
== Bona gape ==
* Delia Abbiatti o ile a hlokomela
== Ditšhupetšo ==
{{Reflist}}<gallery>
File:Eriocaulon_decangulare.jpg|alt=Eriocaulon decangulare flowerhead| ''Eriocaulon decangulare'' hlooho ya palesa
</gallery>
== Dikgokagano tša ka ntle ==
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/eriocaul.htm Eriocaulaceae] ka go [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson le M. J. Dallwitz (1992 go ya pele).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ Malapa a dimela tse thunya.]
{{Angiosperm families}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q131321}}{{Authority control}}{{Automatic taxobox|image=Eriocaulon decangulare (1832).jpg|image_caption=''[[Eriocaulon decangulare]]''<br />1832 illustration<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meemelink.com/prints%20pages/16604.Eriocaulaceae%20-%20Eriocaulon%20decangulare.htm|title=From: Curtis's botanical magazine; or flower garden displayed. London, 1832, volume 59 (plate 3126).|access-date=2014-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023103820/http://www.meemelink.com/prints%20pages/16604.Eriocaulaceae%20-%20Eriocaulon%20decangulare.htm|archive-date=2006-10-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>|taxon=Eriocaulaceae|authority=[[Ivan Martinov|Martinov]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>|subdivision_ranks=[[Genus|Genera]]|subdivision=8; see text|subdivision_ref=<ref name = powo>{{cite web |title=Eriocaulaceae Martinov |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000867-2 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=10 April 2026}}</ref>}}
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox military conflict/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{campaignbox First Barbary War}}'''Kgato ya la 17 Mosegamanye 1802''' e bile go tsenela mo go nnyane ga madira a ka lewatleng nakong ya ntwa ya mathomo ya Barbary magareng ga Madira a Lewatle a United States le Madira a lewatle a Tripolitan. MaTripolita a ile a kgona go thopa USS <nowiki><i id="mwDA">Franklin</i></nowiki>.
== Bokamorago ==
Ka morago ga go fenywa ga Tripolitan ka Lewedi 1,1801,Madira a Lewatle a United States a ile a thoma go felegetša dikepe tša bagwebi tša Amerika ngwaga ka moka.Congress ya United States e ile ya dira kgetho ya go tšeela molaodi wa sekepe,Richard Dale,legato ka Richard Valentine Morris.Ka manyami go maAmerika,Morris e be e le molaodi wa sekepe yo a sa šomego le yo a sa hlaselego.O ile a thibela Tripoli ntle le mafelelo. Dikepe tše dintši tša bagwebi tša Amerika di ile tša thoma go hlokomologa kgopolo ya go sesa ka koloyana, go sa šetšwe ditemošo tše dintši tše di tšwago go balaodi ba United States. MaTripoli a ile a fola ka morago ga go fenywa ga ona ka 1801, gomme ka 1802 Pasha ya Tripoli le Yusuf Karamanli, o ile a laela dikepe tša Tripoli gore di sepele le go thopa dikepe le ge e le dife tša bagwebi tša United States.
== Kgato ==
Ka Mosegamanye 17, 1802, dikepe tše tharo tša Tripolitan di ile tša sesa ka koloyana di nyaka dikepe le ge e le dife tša United States tšeo di bego di tla di thopa.Dikepe di be di ena le dithunya tše nne le palomoka ya sehlopha sa bašomi ba banna ba lekgolo lesome.Ge e fihla Cape Palos bošego, e nngwe ya dikepe tša Tripolitan e ile ya lemoga sekepe sa Amerika, e lego USS <nowiki><i id="mwIA">Franklin</i></nowiki> le lebopong la Sepania.Sekepe sa ''Franklin'' se be se eteletše pele ke Mokapotene Andrew Morris, yo a bego a nale banna ba seswai le yena.Sekepe sa Tripolitan se ile sa sesa ka pela, sa namela gomme sa thopa sekepe gomme sa se iša Algiers ka la 26.Sekepe se sengwe sa bagwebi sa Amerika se be se sepela le USS ''Franklin'' gomme sa kgona go tšhaba di corsair.
== Ditlamorago tša ka morago ga moo ==
MaTripoli a ile a tloga Algiers gomme a sesa a ya Bizerte, moo sekepe ''sa Franklin'' se ilego sa tlogelwa moo.Ge a sesa a lebile Tripoli, moemedi wa Brithania kua Tripoli o ile a kgona go lokolla ba bararo ba sehlopha sa basepediši,ka ge a be a bolela gore ke balata ba Brithania.Ba bangwe ba babedi ba ile ba lokollwa, ka gona ke Morris le ba bangwe ba bararo feela bao ba ilego ba šala e le bagolegwa ba Amerika.Moemedi, William Eaton, o ile a leka go boledišana le Karamanli mabapi le go lokolla bagolegwa, eupša ga se gwa dula go atlega.E bile feela ka morago ga go tsena ditaba gare ga Dey wa Algiers mo a ilego a kgona go lokolla bagolegwa.MaAmerika a ile a gapeletšega go patela topollo ya R10 000. Morris le sehlopha sa gagwe sa basepediši mafelelong ba be ba tla tloga ka Diphalane.Le ge go le bjalo,maAmerika a be a ka se tsoge a kgonne go bušetša ba ''ga Franklin.''MaTripoli a be a e tlogetše kua Tunis, gomme sekepe se ile sa rekišwa go tee le merwalo ya sona.
== Ditšhupetšo ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Methopo ==
* Gary Edward Wilson (1984), Bagolegwa ba Amerika Ditšhabeng tša Barbary, 1784-1816. [https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331824/m2/1/high_res_d/1002783548-Wilson.pdf]
* Gardner Weld Allen (1905), Madira a Rena a Lewatle le Barbary Corsairs. [https://www.google.ae/books/edition/Our_Navy_and_the_Barbary_Corsairs/gsFYAAAAMAAJ?hl=ar&gbpv=1&dq=brig+Franklin+on+17+June+1802&pg=PA111&printsec=frontcover]
* William Armstrong Fairburn (1945), Seila ya Mogwebi, Bolumo I. [https://www.google.ae/books/edition/Merchant_Sail/MHjVAAAAMAAJ?hl=ar&gbpv=1&dq=USS+Franklin+Andrew+Morris+1802&pg=PA687&printsec=frontcover]
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Terebe e tala
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{{Reflist}}'''Diterebe tše tala''' ke sehlopha sa dikhalthiba tša plum ye e tlwaelegilego ya Bohlabela bja Magareng. Diterebe di bjalwa mafelong a borutho gomme di tsebja ka tatso ye e humilego, ya dimonamone. Di tšewa bjalo ka gare ga di-plum tša dessert tše botse kudu le ge e le gore gape di jewa di sa butšwa ge di le tart ye e kgahlišago, di thata ebile di kgahla.
== Tlhalošo ==
Dienywa tša Greengage di hlaolwa ka sebopego sa tšona sa nkgokolo ya bjalo ka lee le nama ya sebopego se boreledi, ye tala ye e phadimago; ka palogare ke tše dinyenyane go feta di- plum tša nkgokolo eupša ke tše dikgolo go feta di- plum tša mirabelle, gantši di magareng bophara. Letlalo le fapana ka mmala go tšwa [[Tala|go botala]] go ya go [[Serolane|boserolane]], ka "blush" ya mmala wo mopududu wo o phadimago ka dikhalthiba tše dingwe; di-Reine Claude tše mmalwa, go swana le ‘Graf Althanns’, di na le mmala wo mohwibidu-pherese ka lebaka la tswadišo ya go selaganya le diplum tše dingwe.
== Taxonomy ya dihlopha ==
Seenywa sa greengage se thomile ka Bohlabela bja Magareng. Le ge "Green Gages" pele e be e naganwa gore e tlišitšwe la mathomo ka Nageng ya [[Engêlanê|Engelane]] go tšwa Nageng ya France ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo supa masome pedi nne e le go 1724 ke Mohlomphegi William Gage, 7th Baronet, peu ya greengage e ile ya hwetšwa e tsentšwe moagong wa lekgolong la bo- lesome tlhano la nywaga kua Hereford. Go begwa gore, dileibole tšeo di hlaolago dihlare tša di- plum tša Naga ya France di ile tša lahlega ge di be di sepela go ya legaeng la Gage kua Hengrave Hall, kgaufsi le Bury St Edmunds. Dinyakišišo tša morago bjale di laetša gore e be e le motswala le moabi wa leina Sir William Gage, 2nd Baronet ya Hengrave yo a bego a ikarabela ka go tsebiša greengage ka Engelane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2016 |title=The Curse of the Greengage |url=https://drfrancisyoung.com/2016/02/22/the-curse-of-the-greengage/}}</ref>
Leina ''Reine Claude'' (French bakeng sa "Mohumagadi Claude"), leo di tsebago ka lona ka Nageng ya France, ke go hlompha mohumagadi wa France Claude (1499–1524), Duchess ya Brittany. Greengage e bitšwa gape {{Lang|fr|la bonne reine}} (French bakeng sa "Mofumahali e molemo") ka France.
Le ge ''Oxford English Dictionary'' e tšea "gage" le "greengage" bjalo ka mahlalosetšagotee, ga se gage ka moka yeo e lego ye tala, gomme ditsebi tše dingwe tša temothuo ya dihlare di dira phapano magareng ga mantšu a mabedi, ka greengages bjalo ka mehuta ya digage, bjalo ka ''Prunus domestica'' subsp. ''sekaseka se se sekamego'' var. ''claudiana'' .
== Temo ==
[[File:Greengages.jpg|right|thumb| ''Reine Claude Verte'' yeo e sa tšwago go bunwa]]
Ka Nageng ya Czech Republic, di tsejoa e le {{Lang|cs|ringle}}, ka Nageny ya Poland e le {{Lang|hu|renklody}}, ka Nageng ya Hungary e le {{Lang|hu|ringló}}, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungarian-English dictionary |url=https://szotar.sztaki.hu/en/hungarian-english-dictionary/search?fromlang=hun&tolang=eng&searchWord=ringl%C3%B3&langcode=en&u=0&langprefix=en%2F&searchMode=CONTENT_EXACT&viewMode=full&ignoreAccents=0&dict[]=hun-eng-sztaki-dict |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=szotar.sztaki.hu}}</ref> ka nageg ya Slovakia e le {{Lang|sk|ringloty}}, ka nageng ya Slovenia e le {{Lang|sl|ringlo}}, gomme ka nageng ya Portugal e le {{Lang|pt|Rainha Cláudia}} . Di bjalwa kudu, ka tlwaelo bakeng sa go ja ka ntle ga diatla goba go tšhelwa ka gare ga sirapo bakeng sa go dira compote. Lega go le bjalo, ka Portugal di bopa sejo se bose seo se hlamilwego ke baitlami ba basadi ba Dominican lekgolong la bo-lesome tshela goba la bo-lesome seupa la nywaga (ge di tswaletšwe mafelong a bona a baitlami) toropong ya Elvas, moo di bedišwago ka gare ga sirapo e nago le swikiri ka makga a mmalwa, nakong ya dibeke tše mmalwa, gore ka morago di bolokwe di feletše ka gare ga sirapo goba di omišwe, di tloditšwe ka swikiri gomme di jewe e ka ba ka dessert ya lefelong leo, ''sericaia'', e dirilwego ka mae, swikiri, maswi, sinamone le bupi goba e jewa le ditšhisi tše di humilego.
[[File:Prunus_domestica_italica_flowers.jpg|thumb| Matšoba a ''P. domestica ya'' subsp. italica]]
Dikhalthiba tše tala di tswadišwa go feta goba ka fase ga nnete go tšwa go peu. Dikhalthiba tše mmalwa tša go swana tše di tšweleditšwego go tšwa go dibjalwana bjale di a hwetšagala; tše dingwe tša tše di akaretša dikhalthiba tše dingwe tša plum ka botswadi bja tšona. Dikhalthiba tše di bjetšwego ka bophara di akaretša:
== Ditirišo ==
Di tšewa e le tše dingwe tša di- plum tše dibotse kudu tša dessert. Anna Pavord o di bitša "ambrosial kudu go feta dienywa ka moka tša mehlare", gomme David Karp o di hlalositše bjalo ka "dienywa tše kaone lefaseng". <ref name="karp" /> Jeme ya greengage e ka phatlalatšwa godimo ga tositi, ya šomišwa ka gare ga di- tart tša jeme goba ya jewa le di- scones . <ref name="karp" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Madalene |date=2015-03-20 |title=Greengage jam |url=https://www.britishlarder.co.uk/greengage-jam/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=The British Larder |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Greengages di be di bjalwa ka dikoloning tša Amerika, di bjalwa ka dipolaseng tša bapresidente ba Amerika George Washington (1732–1799) le Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826).
Seenywa se šupša ka pading ya Brithania ''ya The Greengage Summer'' (1958) ka Rumer Godden, yeo e fetotšwego go ba a<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwnQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>filimi ka 1961.
Di- greengage di bolelwa ka seketšheng sa ''Monty Python’s Flying Circus'' e le mohuta wa dienywa tše kotsi (bjalo ka ntweng ya dijo ).
Morago bjale, sehlare se tšwelela ka pading ya ''The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree'' (2017) ka mongwadi wa Iranian-Australia Shokoofeh Azar .
== Ditšhupetšo ==
{{Reflist}}
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{{Reflist}}
[[Seswantšho:Owoce Renkloda.jpg|thumb|351x351px|Greengage]]
'''Diterebe tše tala''' ke sehlopha sa dikhalthiba tša plum ye e tlwaelegilego ya Bohlabela bja Magareng. Diterebe di bjalwa mafelong a borutho gomme di tsebja ka tatso ye e humilego, ya dimonamone. Di tšewa bjalo ka gare ga di-plum tša dessert tše botse kudu le ge e le gore gape di jewa di sa butšwa ge di le tart ye e kgahlišago, di thata ebile di kgahla.
== Tlhalošo ==
Dienywa tša Greengage di hlaolwa ka sebopego sa tšona sa nkgokolo ya bjalo ka lee le nama ya sebopego se boreledi, ye tala ye e phadimago; ka palogare ke tše dinyenyane go feta di- plum tša nkgokolo eupša ke tše dikgolo go feta di- plum tša mirabelle, gantši di magareng bophara. Letlalo le fapana ka mmala go tšwa [[Tala|go botala]] go ya go [[Serolane|boserolane]], ka "blush" ya mmala wo mopududu wo o phadimago ka dikhalthiba tše dingwe; di-Reine Claude tše mmalwa, go swana le ‘Graf Althanns’, di na le mmala wo mohwibidu-pherese ka lebaka la tswadišo ya go selaganya le diplum tše dingwe.
== Taxonomy ya dihlopha ==
Seenywa sa greengage se thomile ka Bohlabela bja Magareng. Le ge "Green Gages" pele e be e naganwa gore e tlišitšwe la mathomo ka Nageng ya [[Engêlanê|Engelane]] go tšwa Nageng ya France ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo supa masome pedi nne e le go 1724 ke Mohlomphegi William Gage, 7th Baronet, peu ya greengage e ile ya hwetšwa e tsentšwe moagong wa lekgolong la bo- lesome tlhano la nywaga kua Hereford. Go begwa gore, dileibole tšeo di hlaolago dihlare tša di- plum tša Naga ya France di ile tša lahlega ge di be di sepela go ya legaeng la Gage kua Hengrave Hall, kgaufsi le Bury St Edmunds. Dinyakišišo tša morago bjale di laetša gore e be e le motswala le moabi wa leina Sir William Gage, 2nd Baronet ya Hengrave yo a bego a ikarabela ka go tsebiša greengage ka Engelane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2016 |title=The Curse of the Greengage |url=https://drfrancisyoung.com/2016/02/22/the-curse-of-the-greengage/}}</ref>
Leina ''Reine Claude'' (French bakeng sa "Mohumagadi Claude"), leo di tsebago ka lona ka Nageng ya France, ke go hlompha mohumagadi wa France Claude (1499–1524), Duchess ya Brittany. Greengage e bitšwa gape {{Lang|fr|la bonne reine}} (French bakeng sa "Mofumahali e molemo") ka France.
Le ge ''Oxford English Dictionary'' e tšea "gage" le "greengage" bjalo ka mahlalosetšagotee, ga se gage ka moka yeo e lego ye tala, gomme ditsebi tše dingwe tša temothuo ya dihlare di dira phapano magareng ga mantšu a mabedi, ka greengages bjalo ka mehuta ya digage, bjalo ka ''Prunus domestica'' subsp. ''sekaseka se se sekamego'' var. ''claudiana'' .
== Temo ==
[[File:Greengages.jpg|right|thumb| ''Reine Claude Verte'' yeo e sa tšwago go bunwa]]
Ka Nageng ya Czech Republic, di tsejoa e le {{Lang|cs|ringle}}, ka Nageny ya Poland e le {{Lang|hu|renklody}}, ka Nageng ya Hungary e le {{Lang|hu|ringló}}, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungarian-English dictionary |url=https://szotar.sztaki.hu/en/hungarian-english-dictionary/search?fromlang=hun&tolang=eng&searchWord=ringl%C3%B3&langcode=en&u=0&langprefix=en%2F&searchMode=CONTENT_EXACT&viewMode=full&ignoreAccents=0&dict[]=hun-eng-sztaki-dict |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=szotar.sztaki.hu}}</ref> ka nageg ya Slovakia e le {{Lang|sk|ringloty}}, ka nageng ya Slovenia e le {{Lang|sl|ringlo}}, gomme ka nageng ya Portugal e le {{Lang|pt|Rainha Cláudia}} . Di bjalwa kudu, ka tlwaelo bakeng sa go ja ka ntle ga diatla goba go tšhelwa ka gare ga sirapo bakeng sa go dira compote. Lega go le bjalo, ka Portugal di bopa sejo se bose seo se hlamilwego ke baitlami ba basadi ba Dominican lekgolong la bo-lesome tshela goba la bo-lesome seupa la nywaga (ge di tswaletšwe mafelong a bona a baitlami) toropong ya Elvas, moo di bedišwago ka gare ga sirapo e nago le swikiri ka makga a mmalwa, nakong ya dibeke tše mmalwa, gore ka morago di bolokwe di feletše ka gare ga sirapo goba di omišwe, di tloditšwe ka swikiri gomme di jewe e ka ba ka dessert ya lefelong leo, ''sericaia'', e dirilwego ka mae, swikiri, maswi, sinamone le bupi goba e jewa le ditšhisi tše di humilego.
[[File:Prunus_domestica_italica_flowers.jpg|thumb| Matšoba a ''P. domestica ya'' subsp. italica]]
Dikhalthiba tše tala di tswadišwa go feta goba ka fase ga nnete go tšwa go peu. Dikhalthiba tše mmalwa tša go swana tše di tšweleditšwego go tšwa go dibjalwana bjale di a hwetšagala; tše dingwe tša tše di akaretša dikhalthiba tše dingwe tša plum ka botswadi bja tšona. Dikhalthiba tše di bjetšwego ka bophara di akaretša:
== Ditirišo ==
Di tšewa e le tše dingwe tša di- plum tše dibotse kudu tša dessert. Anna Pavord o di bitša "ambrosial kudu go feta dienywa ka moka tša mehlare", gomme David Karp o di hlalositše bjalo ka "dienywa tše kaone lefaseng". <ref name="karp" /> Jeme ya greengage e ka phatlalatšwa godimo ga tositi, ya šomišwa ka gare ga di- tart tša jeme goba ya jewa le di- scones . <ref name="karp" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Madalene |date=2015-03-20 |title=Greengage jam |url=https://www.britishlarder.co.uk/greengage-jam/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=The British Larder |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Greengages di be di bjalwa ka dikoloning tša Amerika, di bjalwa ka dipolaseng tša bapresidente ba Amerika George Washington (1732–1799) le Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826).
Seenywa se šupša ka pading ya Brithania ''ya The Greengage Summer'' (1958) ka Rumer Godden, yeo e fetotšwego go ba a span typeof.
Di- greengage di bolelwa ka seketšheng sa ''Monty Python’s Flying Circus'' e le mohuta wa dienywa tše kotsi (bjalo ka ntweng ya dijo ).
Morago bjale, sehlare se tšwelela ka pading ya ''The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree'' (2017) ka mongwadi wa Iranian-Australia Shokoofeh Azar .
== Ditšhupetšo ==
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'''Magapu a Galia''', a tsebjago gape bjalo ka '''sarda''' ka Nageng ya Southeast Asia, ke mohuta wa legapu la motswako wa F <nowiki><sub id="mwCQ">1</sub></nowiki> (''Cucumis melo'') ye e tšwago ka go fapantsa cantaloupe ya letlakala le le tala (Sehlopha sa Cantalupensis) ‘Ha’Ogen’ le [[Early melon|magapu a mathomo a]] lekwamati la letlooa (Sehlopha sa Chandalak) ‘Krymka’ (ka dinako tše dingwe bjalo ka ‘Krimka’). <ref name="Karchi 2000" /> E hlamilwe ka Israele ka Ne ́ve Yaar Research Center ya Agricultural Research Organization ke motswadiši wa magapu Dr. Zvi Karchi, gomme ya lokollwa ka ngwaga wa 1973, magapu a Galia a reeletšwe ka morwedi wa Karchi, yoo leina la gagwe le bolelago "lephoto la Modimo" ka polelo ya Sehebere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Florida |title=02 » UF Develops Method To Grow Exotic Galia Muskmelons » University of Florida |url=http://news.ufl.edu/2002/02/20/galiamelons/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216060536/http://news.ufl.edu/2002/02/20/galiamelons/ |archive-date=2012-12-16 |website=ufl.edu}}</ref>
Go ya ka tlhalošo ya mohuta wa kgwebo, dienywa tša Galia di na le dika tše di latelago: <ref>OECD: ''International Standardisation of Fruit and Vegetables. Melons''. OECD Publishing, 2006, S. 54–57. {{ISBN|978-92-64-02255-3}} [http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?sf1=Title&K=5L9ZDJQ932F8&%20Food;%20&m=1&tag=XONQW8XX4X7949479M7CN7&lang=EN&sf4=SubVersionCode&sort=sort_date/d&st1=Normalisation%20internationale%20des%20fruits%20et%20l%E9gumes&sf3=SubjectCode&st3=30&dc=35&st4=not%20E4%20or%20E5%20or%20P5&ds=Normalisation%20internationale%20des%20fruits%20et%20l%E9gumes;%20Agriculture%20&plang=en (online)]</ref> boima bja magareng bja magapu a Galia ke kilogram e tee. Di na le sebopego sa nkgokolo, letlooa le le kitimago la mela ye makgwakgwa letlalong, gomme di ba tše serolane ge di godile ka botlalo; di bose ebile di na le monkgo o mo bose, ka monkgo wo o kgethegilego le tatso le diteng tša godimo kudu tša palomoka ya dilo tše di tiilego tša (ditekanyetšo tša go fihla go 18° di a kgonega, le ge e le gore boleng bja fasefase bjo bo swanetšego go tšewa bjalo ka bjo bo godilego ka kgwebo ke 11°). Go butšwa ga go lekantšwe ka boleta kutung, eupša go e na le moo ka mmala wa letlalo, ge le thoma go fetoga go tšwa go botala go ya go boserolane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Jean Marie M. |date=2007 |title=Fruit yield, quality variables and powdery mildew susceptibility of Galia melon cultivars grown in a passively ventilated greenhouse. |url=https://fshs.org/proceedings-o/2007-vol-120/FSHS%20vol.%20120/162-167.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232239/https://fshs.org/proceedings-o/2007-vol-120/FSHS%20vol.%20120/162-167.pdf |archive-date=2019-01-13 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Ge e tlogetšwe ka themperetšheng ya phapoši, Galia e boloka gabotse, eupša ka morago ga go segwa, diripana tše di sa jewago di swanetše go phuthelwa le go bewa ka setšidifatšong go boloka tatso.
Ga go thata ka mo go kgethegilego go di godiša. Ga bjale di- galia di bjalwa di nageng tseo di latelago: [[Algeria]], [[Brazil]], Guatemala, [[Portugal]], [[Spain|Sepania]], [[Morocco]], dileteng tša Borwa bja United States, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, [[Greece|Gerika]], [[Turkey]], Palestina le [[Egypt|Egipita]].
== Ditšhupetšo ==
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[[Seswantšho:Lebensmittel-Galiamelone1-Asio.JPG|thumb|Legapu la Galia]]
'''Magapu a Galia''', a tsebjago gape bjalo ka '''sarda''' ka Nageng ya Southeast Asia, ke mohuta wa legapu la motswako wa (''Cucumis melo'') ye e tšwago ka go fapantsa cantaloupe ya letlakala le le tala (Sehlopha sa Cantalupensis) ‘Ha’Ogen’ le [[Early melon|magapu a mathomo a]] lekwamati la letlooa (Sehlopha sa Chandalak) ‘Krymka’ (ka dinako tše dingwe bjalo ka ‘Krimka’). <ref name="Karchi 2000" /> E hlamilwe ka Israele ka Ne ́ve Yaar Research Center ya Agricultural Research Organization ke motswadiši wa magapu Dr. Zvi Karchi, gomme ya lokollwa ka ngwaga wa 1973, magapu a Galia a reeletšwe ka morwedi wa Karchi, yoo leina la gagwe le bolelago "lephoto la Modimo" ka polelo ya Sehebere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Florida |title=02 » UF Develops Method To Grow Exotic Galia Muskmelons » University of Florida |url=http://news.ufl.edu/2002/02/20/galiamelons/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216060536/http://news.ufl.edu/2002/02/20/galiamelons/ |archive-date=2012-12-16 |website=ufl.edu}}</ref>
Go ya ka tlhalošo ya mohuta wa kgwebo, dienywa tša Galia di na le dika tše di latelago: <ref>OECD: ''International Standardisation of Fruit and Vegetables. Melons''. OECD Publishing, 2006, S. 54–57. {{ISBN|978-92-64-02255-3}} [http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?sf1=Title&K=5L9ZDJQ932F8&%20Food;%20&m=1&tag=XONQW8XX4X7949479M7CN7&lang=EN&sf4=SubVersionCode&sort=sort_date/d&st1=Normalisation%20internationale%20des%20fruits%20et%20l%E9gumes&sf3=SubjectCode&st3=30&dc=35&st4=not%20E4%20or%20E5%20or%20P5&ds=Normalisation%20internationale%20des%20fruits%20et%20l%E9gumes;%20Agriculture%20&plang=en (online)]</ref> boima bja magareng bja magapu a Galia ke kilogram e tee. Di na le sebopego sa nkgokolo, letlooa le le kitimago la mela ye makgwakgwa letlalong, gomme di ba tše serolane ge di godile ka botlalo; di bose ebile di na le monkgo o mo bose, ka monkgo wo o kgethegilego le tatso le diteng tša godimo kudu tša palomoka ya dilo tše di tiilego tša (ditekanyetšo tša go fihla go 18° di a kgonega, le ge e le gore boleng bja fasefase bjo bo swanetšego go tšewa bjalo ka bjo bo godilego ka kgwebo ke 11°). Go butšwa ga go lekantšwe ka boleta kutung, eupša go e na le moo ka mmala wa letlalo, ge le thoma go fetoga go tšwa go botala go ya go boserolane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Jean Marie M. |date=2007 |title=Fruit yield, quality variables and powdery mildew susceptibility of Galia melon cultivars grown in a passively ventilated greenhouse. |url=https://fshs.org/proceedings-o/2007-vol-120/FSHS%20vol.%20120/162-167.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232239/https://fshs.org/proceedings-o/2007-vol-120/FSHS%20vol.%20120/162-167.pdf |archive-date=2019-01-13 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Ge e tlogetšwe ka themperetšheng ya phapoši, Galia e boloka gabotse, eupša ka morago ga go segwa, diripana tše di sa jewago di swanetše go phuthelwa le go bewa ka setšidifatšong go boloka tatso.
Ga go thata ka mo go kgethegilego go di godiša. Ga bjale di- galia di bjalwa di nageng tseo di latelago: [[Algeria]], [[Brazil]], Guatemala, [[Portugal]], [[Spain|Sepania]], [[Morocco]], dileteng tša Borwa bja United States, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, [[Greece|Gerika]], [[Turkey]], Palestina le [[Egypt|Egipita]].
== Ditšhupetšo ==
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[[Seswantšho:Lebensmittel-Galiamelone1-Asio.JPG|thumb|Legapu la Galia]]'''Magapu a Galia''', a tsebjago gape bjalo ka '''sarda''' ka Nageng ya Southeast Asia, ke mohuta wa legapu la motswako wa (''Cucumis melo'') ye e tšwago ka go fapantsa cantaloupe ya letlakala le le tala (Sehlopha sa Cantalupensis) ‘Ha’Ogen’ le [[Early melon|magapu a mathomo a]] lekwamati la letlooa (Sehlopha sa Chandalak) ‘Krymka’ (ka dinako tše dingwe bjalo ka ‘Krimka’). <ref name="Karchi 2000" /> E hlamilwe ka Israele ka Ne ́ve Yaar Research Center ya Agricultural Research Organization ke motswadiši wa magapu Dr. Zvi Karchi, gomme ya lokollwa ka ngwaga wa 1973, magapu a Galia a reeletšwe ka morwedi wa Karchi, yoo leina la gagwe le bolelago "lephoto la Modimo" ka polelo ya Sehebere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Florida |title=02 » UF Develops Method To Grow Exotic Galia Muskmelons » University of Florida |url=http://news.ufl.edu/2002/02/20/galiamelons/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216060536/http://news.ufl.edu/2002/02/20/galiamelons/ |archive-date=2012-12-16 |website=ufl.edu}}</ref>
Go ya ka tlhalošo ya mohuta wa kgwebo, dienywa tša Galia di na le dika tše di latelago: <ref>OECD: ''International Standardisation of Fruit and Vegetables. Melons''. OECD Publishing, 2006, S. 54–57. {{ISBN|978-92-64-02255-3}} [http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?sf1=Title&K=5L9ZDJQ932F8&%20Food;%20&m=1&tag=XONQW8XX4X7949479M7CN7&lang=EN&sf4=SubVersionCode&sort=sort_date/d&st1=Normalisation%20internationale%20des%20fruits%20et%20l%E9gumes&sf3=SubjectCode&st3=30&dc=35&st4=not%20E4%20or%20E5%20or%20P5&ds=Normalisation%20internationale%20des%20fruits%20et%20l%E9gumes;%20Agriculture%20&plang=en (online)]</ref> boima bja magareng bja magapu a Galia ke kilogram e tee. Di na le sebopego sa nkgokolo, letlooa le le kitimago la mela ye makgwakgwa letlalong, gomme di ba tše serolane ge di godile ka botlalo; di bose ebile di na le monkgo o mo bose, ka monkgo wo o kgethegilego le tatso le diteng tša godimo kudu tša palomoka ya dilo tše di tiilego tša (ditekanyetšo tša go fihla go 18° di a kgonega, le ge e le gore boleng bja fasefase bjo bo swanetšego go tšewa bjalo ka bjo bo godilego ka kgwebo ke 11°). Go butšwa ga go lekantšwe ka boleta kutung, eupša go e na le moo ka mmala wa letlalo, ge le thoma go fetoga go tšwa go botala go ya go boserolane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Jean Marie M. |date=2007 |title=Fruit yield, quality variables and powdery mildew susceptibility of Galia melon cultivars grown in a passively ventilated greenhouse. |url=https://fshs.org/proceedings-o/2007-vol-120/FSHS%20vol.%20120/162-167.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232239/https://fshs.org/proceedings-o/2007-vol-120/FSHS%20vol.%20120/162-167.pdf |archive-date=2019-01-13 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Ge e tlogetšwe ka themperetšheng ya phapoši, Galia e boloka gabotse, eupša ka morago ga go segwa, diripana tše di sa jewago di swanetše go phuthelwa le go bewa ka setšidifatšong go boloka tatso.
Ga go thata ka mo go kgethegilego go di godiša. Ga bjale di- galia di bjalwa di nageng tseo di latelago: [[Algeria]], [[Brazil]], Guatemala, [[Portugal]], [[Spain|Sepania]], [[Morocco]], dileteng tša Borwa bja United States, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, [[Greece|Gerika]], [[Turkey]], Palestina le [[Egypt|Egipita]].
== Ditšhupetšo ==
{{Reflist}}
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}'''Lesogana''' ke monna yo e lego mogwera goba motho yo a tlwaelanego le seboledi, gantši e hlaloša mogwera wa ka mehla wa monna yo motho a nago le yena ka mokgwa wa lerato goba wa thobalano.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, published 23 June 2005, University of Oxford, {{ISBN|978-0-19-861022-9}} edition</ref>
Lesogana gape le ka bitšwa moreti, monna goba moratiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thesaurus.com |title=Boyfriend |url=http://thesaurus.com/browse/boyfriend?s=t |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Lentšu le le swanago la basadi ke "kgarebe", gomme mantšu a go swana ao a sa akaretšego bong a akaretša "molekane" bakeng sa dikamano tša thobalano, goba "mogwera" bakeng sa segwera.
== Morero ==
[[Seswantšho:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0310-0025,_Berlin,_Straßenszene.jpg|thumb| Mosadi le lesogana la gagwe kua Alexanderplatz ka March 1975]]
[[File:Gay_Couple_Savv_and_Pueppi_02.jpg|thumb| Monna le lesogana la gagwe]]
Balekane bao ba ikgafilego dikamanong tšeo e sego tša lenyalo ka dinako tše dingwe ba hlaloswa e le ''yo mongwe yo bohlokwa'' goba ''molekane'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thesaurus.com |title=Significant other |url=http://thesaurus.com/browse/significant+other?s=t |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309183016/http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/significant+other?s=t |archive-date=9 March 2018 |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> kudu ge e ba batho bao ba dula gotee.
Dinyakišišo tseo dirilwego ka ngwaga wa 2005 ya batho ba 115 ba mengwaga e 21 go ya go e 35 bao ba bego ba dula le molekane wa lerato goba bao ba kilego ba dula le yena e hlokomela gore go hloka mareo a swanetšego gantši go lebiša maemong a sa kgahlišego, a bjalo ka motho yo a befetšwego ka baka la go se tsenywe maemong a tša leago bakeng sa go phema potšišo yeo.
== Histori ya lentšu ==
Lentšu le "dating" leo le ra go gore go ratana le ile la tsena Seisemane sa Amerika nakong ya Roaring Twenties. Pele ga moo, go ratana e be e le taba ya kgahlego ya lapa le ya setšhaba. Go thoma mo e ka bago nakong ya American Civil War (Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika), go ratana go ile gwa ba taba ya ka sephiring bakeng sa banyalani. <ref name="Hirsch">{{Cite web |last=Hirsch |first=Elaine |date=November 2011 |title=The History of Dating and Communication |url=http://www.communicationstudies.com/the-history-of-dating-and-communication |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Mathomong go ya bogareng bja lekgolo la bo-19 la nywaga Naga ya [[United States of America|United States]], basadi gantši ba be ba na le "bahlomphegi bao ba letšago mogala", banna bao ba sego lenyalong bao ba bego ba tla etela legae la kgarebe ka kholofelo ya go thoma go ratana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Lana J. |title=Ladies and Gentleman |url=http://www.angelfire.com/ar3/townevictorian/ladiesgentlemen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728021740/http://www.angelfire.com/ar3/townevictorian/ladiesgentlemen.html |archive-date=28 July 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Mehla ya gentleman caller (mohlomphegi yo a letšago mogala) e ile ya fela mathomong a lekgolo la bo-20 la nywaga gomme kgopolo ya sebjalebjale ya go beana mabaka (dating) e ile ya tšwelela. <ref name="Hirsch" />
Dingwalong, lereo le le ahlaahlwa ka Phupu 1988 ka go Neil Bartlett 's ''Who Was That Man?'' ''Mpho ya Morena Oscar Wilde.'' Matlakaleng a 108–110, Bartlett o tsopola go tšwa tokollong ya ''The Artist and Journal of Home Culture'', yeo e bolelago ka Alectryon bjalo ka "lesogana la Mars ".
== Mahlalosetšagotee ==
* Monna yo mogolo a ka bolelwa e le ''sugar daddy'', monna yo a humilego yo a thekgago goba a diriša tšhelete ka tšhelete bakeng sa mong wa gagwe, kgarebe goba lesogana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merriam-Webster |title=Sugar daddy |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sugar%20daddy |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
* Setšong se se tumilego, slang, poledišano ya inthanete le go romela melaetša ka sellathekeng, khutsofatšo ye e kgaotšwego ''ya bf'' le yona e a šomišwa.
* ''Leman'', lentsoe la khale bakeng sa "moratiwa, morati," ho tloha Mehleng e Bohareng British ''leofman'' (c.1205), ho tloha Old Senyesemane ''leof'' (cognate of Dutch ''lief'', Sejeremane ''lieb'' ) "moratiwa" + ''monna'' "motho, motho" qalong e ne e sebediswa ho bong leha e le efe, empa hangata e bolela mistress. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Free Dictionary By Farlex |title=Leman |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Leman |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
* Polelwana ''lesogana'' ka dinako tše dingwe e be e dirišwa ka tlhaloso e swanago. Mohlala, filiming ya 1945 ya ''Leina la ka Ke Julia Ross'' moanegwathwadi wa mosadi, yo a nyakago mošomo wa bongwaledi, o botšišwa ge e ba a na le "lesogana" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aliperti |first=Cliff |date=25 July 2010 |title=My Name is Julia Ross (1945) starring Nina Foch and George Macready |url=http://www.things-and-other-stuff.com/6656/my-name-is-julia-ross-1945/ |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> – moo difiliming tša ka morago potšišo ye e swanago e bego e tla šupa "lesogana".
== Ditšhupetšo ==
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'''Lesogana''' ke monna yo e lego mogwera goba motho yo a tlwaelanego le seboledi, gantši e hlaloša mogwera wa ka mehla wa monna yo motho a nago le yena ka mokgwa wa lerato goba wa thobalano.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, published 23 June 2005, University of Oxford, {{ISBN|978-0-19-861022-9}} edition</ref>
[[Seswantšho:Mabel - Boyfriend Logo.png|thumb|598x598px]]
Lesogana gape le ka bitšwa moreti, monna goba moratiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thesaurus.com |title=Boyfriend |url=http://thesaurus.com/browse/boyfriend?s=t |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Lentšu le le swanago la basadi ke "kgarebe", gomme mantšu a go swana ao a sa akaretšego bong a akaretša "molekane" bakeng sa dikamano tša thobalano, goba "mogwera" bakeng sa segwera.
== Morero ==
[[Seswantšho:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0310-0025,_Berlin,_Straßenszene.jpg|thumb| Mosadi le lesogana la gagwe kua Alexanderplatz ka March 1975]]
[[File:Gay_Couple_Savv_and_Pueppi_02.jpg|thumb| Monna le lesogana la gagwe]]
Balekane bao ba ikgafilego dikamanong tšeo e sego tša lenyalo ka dinako tše dingwe ba hlaloswa e le ''yo mongwe yo bohlokwa'' goba ''molekane'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thesaurus.com |title=Significant other |url=http://thesaurus.com/browse/significant+other?s=t |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309183016/http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/significant+other?s=t |archive-date=9 March 2018 |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> kudu ge e ba batho bao ba dula gotee.
Dinyakišišo tseo dirilwego ka ngwaga wa 2005 ya batho ba 115 ba mengwaga e 21 go ya go e 35 bao ba bego ba dula le molekane wa lerato goba bao ba kilego ba dula le yena e hlokomela gore go hloka mareo a swanetšego gantši go lebiša maemong a sa kgahlišego, a bjalo ka motho yo a befetšwego ka baka la go se tsenywe maemong a tša leago bakeng sa go phema potšišo yeo.
== Histori ya lentšu ==
Lentšu le "dating" leo le ra go gore go ratana le ile la tsena Seisemane sa Amerika nakong ya Roaring Twenties. Pele ga moo, go ratana e be e le taba ya kgahlego ya lapa le ya setšhaba. Go thoma mo e ka bago nakong ya American Civil War (Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika), go ratana go ile gwa ba taba ya ka sephiring bakeng sa banyalani. <ref name="Hirsch">{{Cite web |last=Hirsch |first=Elaine |date=November 2011 |title=The History of Dating and Communication |url=http://www.communicationstudies.com/the-history-of-dating-and-communication |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Mathomong go ya bogareng bja lekgolo la bo-19 la nywaga Naga ya [[United States of America|United States]], basadi gantši ba be ba na le "bahlomphegi bao ba letšago mogala", banna bao ba sego lenyalong bao ba bego ba tla etela legae la kgarebe ka kholofelo ya go thoma go ratana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Lana J. |title=Ladies and Gentleman |url=http://www.angelfire.com/ar3/townevictorian/ladiesgentlemen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728021740/http://www.angelfire.com/ar3/townevictorian/ladiesgentlemen.html |archive-date=28 July 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> Mehla ya gentleman caller (mohlomphegi yo a letšago mogala) e ile ya fela mathomong a lekgolo la bo-20 la nywaga gomme kgopolo ya sebjalebjale ya go beana mabaka (dating) e ile ya tšwelela. <ref name="Hirsch" />
Dingwalong, lereo le le ahlaahlwa ka Phupu 1988 ka go Neil Bartlett 's ''Who Was That Man?'' ''Mpho ya Morena Oscar Wilde.'' Matlakaleng a 108–110, Bartlett o tsopola go tšwa tokollong ya ''The Artist and Journal of Home Culture'', yeo e bolelago ka Alectryon bjalo ka "lesogana la Mars ".
== Mahlalosetšagotee ==
* Monna yo mogolo a ka bolelwa e le ''sugar daddy'', monna yo a humilego yo a thekgago goba a diriša tšhelete ka tšhelete bakeng sa mong wa gagwe, kgarebe goba lesogana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merriam-Webster |title=Sugar daddy |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sugar%20daddy |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
* Setšong se se tumilego, slang, poledišano ya inthanete le go romela melaetša ka sellathekeng, khutsofatšo ye e kgaotšwego ''ya bf'' le yona e a šomišwa.
* ''Leman'', lentsoe la khale bakeng sa "moratiwa, morati," ho tloha Mehleng e Bohareng British ''leofman'' (c.1205), ho tloha Old Senyesemane ''leof'' (cognate of Dutch ''lief'', Sejeremane ''lieb'' ) "moratiwa" + ''monna'' "motho, motho" qalong e ne e sebediswa ho bong leha e le efe, empa hangata e bolela mistress. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Free Dictionary By Farlex |title=Leman |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Leman |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
* Polelwana ''lesogana'' ka dinako tše dingwe e be e dirišwa ka tlhaloso e swanago. Mohlala, filiming ya 1945 ya ''Leina la ka Ke Julia Ross'' moanegwathwadi wa mosadi, yo a nyakago mošomo wa bongwaledi, o botšišwa ge e ba a na le "lesogana" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aliperti |first=Cliff |date=25 July 2010 |title=My Name is Julia Ross (1945) starring Nina Foch and George Macready |url=http://www.things-and-other-stuff.com/6656/my-name-is-julia-ross-1945/ |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> – moo difiliming tša ka morago potšišo ye e swanago e bego e tla šupa "lesogana".
== Ditšhupetšo ==
{{Reflist}}
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