Wikipedia nywiki https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsamba_Lalikulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1892 71940 52506 2026-09-04T01:57:21Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 12933 71940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chichewa''', (Chicheŵa mu chilankhulo cha ku [[Malaŵi]], chomwe chimatchulidwanso kuti [[Chinyanja]]) ndi [[chilankhulo]] cha anthu a chi [[Bantu]] ndipo chimalankhulidwa kwambiri kummwela kwa dziko la [[Malawi]], ndi kumvuma kwa dziko la [[Zambia]]. Mau oyamba okuti Chi- amene amalembedwanso kuti '''Ci-''' amatanthauza “mokhala ngati”, motero liu loti Chichewa limatanthauza “mokhala ngati Achewa”, choncho chilankhulochi chimadziwikanso ndi maina okuti Chewa kapena [[Nyanja]]. [[Chingoni]] ([[Ngoni]]) ndi [[Chikunda]] ([[Kunda]]) ndi kalankhulidwe kena ka chilankhulochi. Ena mwa ma Liu a mchichewa afanananso ndi [[Shona]], [[isizulu]] ndebele komanso Isixhosa. == Kufala kwa Chilankhulochi == Chichewa ndi chimodzi mwa zilankhulo ziwiri zovomelezeka za [[dziko la Malawi]] (chilankhulo chinacho ndi [[Chingerezi]]), ndipo Chinyanja ndi chimodzi cha zilankhulo zisanu ndi ziwiri za [[dziko]] la [[Zambia]], kumene chimalankhulidwa kwambiri kumvuma kwa dzikoli. Chichewa chimalankhulidwanso ku [[Mozambique]], Maka maka mdera la [[Tete]] ndi [[Niassa]] ndiponso ku [[Zimbabwe]] kumene, malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi chilankhulo chachitatu pa zilankhulo zonse za dzikolo, pambuyo pa [[Chishona]] ndi [[Chindebele]]. Maiko a [[Malawi]], [[Zambia]] ndi [[Mozambique]] ndi kumene chilankhulochi chimayankhulidwa kwambiri. [[Baibulo]] ndi [[Khorani]] anatanthauziridwa mu Chichewa. <gallery mode="packed"> WIKITONGUES- Chabota speaking Nyanja.webm WIKITONUGES- Timothy speaking Chi-Chewa.webm </gallery> ==Zitsanzo zazitsanzo== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Chingerezi!! Chewa (Malawi)<ref>Paas (2016).</ref>!! Town Nyanja (Lusaka)<ref>Mitu ya Grey et al. (2013).</ref> |- | How are you? || Muli bwanji? || Muli bwanji? |- | I'm fine || Ndili bwino || Nili bwino / Niliche mushe |- | Thank you || Zikomo || Zikomo |- | Yes || Inde || Ee |- | No || Iyayi/Ayi || Iyayi |- | What's your name? || Dzina lanu ndani?<ref>Maxson (2011), p. 112.</ref> || Zina yanu ndimwe bandani? |- | My name is... || Dzina langa ndine... || Zina yanga ndine... |- | How many children do you have? || Muli ndi ana angati? || Muli na bana bangati? |- | I have two children || Ndili ndi ana awiri || Nili na bana babili |- | I want... || Ndikufuna... || Nifuna... |- | Food || Chakudya || Vakudya |- | Water || Madzi || Manzi |- | How much is it? || Ndi zingati? || Ni zingati? |- | See you tomorrow || Tionana mawa || Tizaonana mailo |- |I love you |Ndimakukonda |Nikukonda |} == Mbiri == Chichewa chinayambira ku ufumu wa [[Amaravi]], umene unali wotchuka pa zaka za pakati pa 1500 ndi 1800. Ufumuwu unali ku Malawi, Zambia ndi Mozambique. Chilankhulochi chinakhalabe chotchuka ngakhale Angoni anagwetsa ufumu wa chi Maraviwo ndipo chinabvomerezedwa ndi ofalitsa uthenga wa [[Chikhristu]] pachiyambi pa [[chitsamunda.]] Ku Zambia, chilankhulochi chimatchuka ndi dzina lakuti [[Chinyanja]], lomwe limatanthauza “chilankhulo cha Anyanja”, ndipo chimalankhulidwa ndi anthu a Chingoni ndi Chikunda. Mbali la [[Baibulo]] linatanthauziridwa mu chilankhulochi mu zaka za m’ma 1900. ==Zolemba== {{reflist|30em}} [[Category:Chilankhulo]] [[Category:Nyasa zinenero]] [[Category:Zinenero za Malawi]] [[Category:Zinenero za Mozambique]] [[Category:Zinenero za Zambia]] [[Category:Zinenero za Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Chichewa| ]] [[Category:Zambia]] rl95twgw6qv7b0geoctu2prxvygejev 0 3487 71943 49955 2026-09-04T02:00:47Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 12933 Databox 71943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chilankhulo cha '''Chilidenevi''' (chilidenevi: ''lydnevi'').<ref>SZTEMON, Libor (2002). ''Lydnevi''. Archive.org: &lt;https://web.archive.org/web/20091002215506/http://ls78.sweb.cz/lydnevi.htm%26gt;</ref><ref>BERGER, Tilman (2004). [http://www.slovio.com/linkis/BergerPlansprachen.pdf "Vom Erfinden slavischer Sprachen"], in REHDER, P., OKUKA, M., & SCHWEIER, U. ''Germano-slavistische Beiträge: Festschrift für Peter Rehder zum 65. Geburtstag'', München: O. Sagner. ISBN 978-3-87690-874-8.</ref><ref>СИДОРОВАА, Марина Юрьевна, и ШУВАЛОВА, Оксана Николаевна (2006). [http://www.philol.msu.ru/~sidorova/files/conlangs.pdf ''Интернет-лингвистика: Вымышленные языки''], Москва: Издательство «1989.ру». ISBN 5-98789-005-5.</ref><ref>STECOVÁ, Adriána (2010). [http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Chovanec1/pdf_doc/58.pdf "Umelé jazyky ako fenomén ľudskej komunikácie"], in SIPKO Jozef, CHOVANEC Marek, HARČARIKOVÁ Gabriela (eds.), ''5. Študentská vedecká konferencia'', Prešov: Prešovská univerzita v Prešove. ISBN 978-80-555-0169-7.</ref><ref>BLANC, Joan Francés, ed. (2010). [http://edicions.talvera.free.fr/bastidas/Joan%20Franc%e9s%20BLANC.%20Las%20lengas%20de%20Libor%20Sztemon%202%20Sorgas%20-%20Jazyky%20Libora%20Sztemone%202%20Pr%e1meny%20%20-%20Libor%20Sztemon%27s%20Conlangs%202%20Sources.pdf ''Las lengas de Libor Sztemon 2: Sorgas - Jazyky Libora Sztemone 2: Prámeny - Libor Sztemon's Conlangs 2: Sources''], Vert-Saint-Denis, Edicions Talvera. ISBN 979-10-90696-00-6.</ref><ref>VAN STEENBERGEN, Jan (2011). [http://conference.conlang.org/lcc4/speakers/jvslcc4.pdf "Towards a unified slavic language"], ''Fourth Language Creation Conference'', Groningen.</ref><ref>MEYER, Anna-Maria (2012): [https://www.academia.edu/6456012/Slavische_Plansprachen_auf_dem_Weg_ins_21._Jahrhundert_preprint_ "Slavische Plansprachen auf dem Weg ins 21. Jahrhundert."] Erscheint im Sammelband zur Konferenz junger SlavistInnen junOST in Basel, 26.-28.4.2012.</ref> == Umboni == [[Category:Chilankhulo]] b3ab07sx2dcyecerm1ntq46fefog2dt 0 6989 71942 52755 2026-09-04T01:59:44Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 12933 Databox 71942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chinterligue''' (''Interlingue''), yomwe kale inali ''Occidental'', ndi chilankhulo chothandizira padziko lonse lapansi chopangidwa ndi [[Edgar de Wahl]] ndipo chinasindikizidwa mu 1922. Interlingue ndiye chilankhulo chosavuta kuphunzira chifukwa cha chilankhulo chocheperako komanso chokhazikika, komanso mapangidwe ake apadziko lonse lapansi. == Zolemba == Zolemba zazikulu mu chinterlingue zidawonekera ku ''[[Cosmoglotta]]''. Panalinso mabuku ena, oyambirira ndi omasuliridwa, ofalitsidwa mu Interlingue. Zina mwa ntchito ku Interlingue ndi: * Kajš, Jan Amos (1938) ''Krasina, raconta del subterrania del Moravian carst''. * Podobský, Jaroslav (1935/1947) ''Li astres del Verne''. * Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-4gj9w8.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref>. * Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Antologie hispan''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antologie hispan |url=https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |access-date=2022-01-23 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Fabules, racontas e mites''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabules, racontas e mites |url=https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |access-date=2022-01-23 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Maumboni == <references/> [[Category:Chinterligue]] [[Category:Chilankhulo]] j6j2gzdms28fmhhz8sl1atfzn2tzwax 0 7948 71941 59746 2026-09-04T01:58:34Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 12933 Databox 71941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chitumbuka''' ndi [[Chinenero cha Bantu|Chiyankhulo chachi Bantu]] chomwe chimalankhulidwa ku [[Malawi]], [[Zambia]], ndi [[Tanzania]].<ref name="Michigan" >[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123103050/http://africa.isp.msu.edu/afrlang/Tumbuka_root.html Michigan State University African Studies Center information page].</ref> Chimadziwikanso kuti {{lang|tum|Chitumbuka}} kapena {{ lang|tum|Citumbuka}} — mawu akuti ''chi-'' kutsogolo kwa ''Tumbuka'' amatanthauza "m'njira ya", ndipo pankhaniyi amatanthauza "chilankhulo cha [[anthu a Tumbuka]]". Chitumbuka chili m’gulu la chinenero chimodzi ([[Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone N|Guthrie Zone N]]) monga [[Chiyankhulo cha Chewa|Chewa]] ndi [[chinenero cha Sena|Sena]].<ref>Kiso (2012), pp.21ff.</ref> Bungwe la World Almanac (1998) likuyerekeza kuti pali anthu pafupifupi 2,000,000 (mu chaka cha 1998) olankhula Chitumbuka, ngakhale magwero ena amati ndi ochepa kwambiri. Anthu ambiri olankhula Chitumbuka amati amakhala ku Malawi.<ref name=Michigan /> Chitumbuka ndi zinenero zomwe zimalankhulidwa kwambiri ku Northern Malawi, makamaka ku [[Rumphi]], [[Mzuzu]], ndi [[Maboma a Mzimba]]. Panopa ChiTumbuka chili ndi anthu oposa 8 miliyoni.<ref>University of Malawi (2006) Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi.</ref> Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Chitumbuka chomwe chimalankhulidwa m'matauni a Malawi (omwe amabwereka mawu kuchokera ku [[Swahili language|Swahili]] ndi [[Chiyankhulo cha Chewa|Chewa]]) ndi "mudzi" kapena "zakuya" Tumbuka m’midzi. Mtundu wa [[Rumphi]] nthawi zambiri umadziwika kuti ndi "chilankhulo choyera", ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwa "Tumbuka weniweni".<ref>Kamwendo (2004), p.282.</ref> Chiyankhulo cha [[Mzimba]] wakhala akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi [[Zulu language|Zulu]] (chiNgoni),<ref>University of Malawi (2006), p.27.</ref> even so far as to have [[click consonant|clicks]] mawu ngati {{lang|tum|chitha}} {{IPA-xx|ʇʰitʰa|}} "kodza", omwe samapezeka m'zilankhulo zina. M'mbiri yonse ya dziko la Malawi Chitumbuka ndi Achewa nthawi zina zakhala zilankhulo zomwe akuluakulu aboma amagwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, chilankhulo cha Chitumbuka chinavutika kwambiri muulamuliro wa Pulezidenti [[Hastings Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]], chifukwa mu 1968 chifukwa cha mfundo ya dziko limodzi lokhala ndi chinenero chimodzi chinasiya kukhala chinenero chovomerezeka m’Malawi. Izi zinachititsa kuti a Tumbuka achotsedwe pa maphunziro a sukulu, wailesi ya dziko lonse, ndi ma print media. zinayambikanso pawailesi, koma chiwerengero cha mabuku ndi zofalitsa zina m’Chitumbuka chidakali chochepa.<ref>Onani Kafukufuku wa Mapu a Zinenero ku Northern Malawi (2006), tsamba 38-40 kuti mupeze mndandanda wa zofalitsa.</ref> ==Malemba== [[File:WIKITONGUES-Temwa Speaking Tumbuka - free to use file under Wikipedia policies.webm|left|thumb|342x342px|Temwa kuyankhula Chitumbuka]] Njira ziwiri zolembera Chitumbuka zikugwiritsidwa ntchito: kalembedwe kakale (kagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachitsanzo mu Wikipedia ya Chitumbuka ndi m’nyuzipepala ya {{lang|tum|Fuko}}), mmene mawu monga {{lang|tum|banthu}} 'people' ndi {{lang|tum|chaka}} 'year' alembedwa ndi 'b' ndi 'ch', komanso kalembedwe katsopano ka boma (kogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachitsanzo mu mtanthauzira mawu wa Citumbuka wofalitsidwa pa intaneti ndi Center for Language Studies ndi m’Baibulo la pa intaneti), m’mene mawu ofananawo amalembedwa ndi ‘mira’ ndi ‘c’, mwachitsanzo. ''ŵanthu'' and ''caka''. (Phokoso la ndi lozungulira kwambiri [w] limatchulidwa ndi lilime moyandikira-i.)<ref>Atkins, Guy (1950) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156786 "Maganizo for an Amended Spelling and Word Division of Nyanja"] ''Africa: Journal of the International African Institute'', Vol. 20, No. 3, p.205.</ref> Pali kusatsimikizika kwina komwe mungalembe 'r' ndi kuti 'l', mwachitsanzo. {{lang|tum|cakulya}} (Dictionary) or {{lang|tum|cakurya}} (Bible) 'food'. (Kwenikweni [l] ndi [r] ali [[maalofoni]] ofanana [[phoneme]].) Pali kukayikiranso pakati pa kalembedwe 'sk' ndi 'sy' (onse {{lang|tum|miskombe}}) ndi </nowiki>{{lang|tum|misyombe}} ('nsungwi') akupezeka mu dikishonale ya Citumbuka).<ref>Onani zolembedwa {{lang|tum|citatanga}}, {{lang|tum|cidunga}}, {{lang|tum|cihengo}}.</ref> ==Malembo ake== ===Mavawelo=== Mavawelo omwewo {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/ɔ/}}, {{IPA|/u/}} ndi syllabic {{IPA|/m̩/}} amapezeka m'Chitumbuka monga m'chinenero choyandikana nawo [[Chiyankhulo cha Chewa|Chewa]].<ref>Vail (1972), p. 1.</ref> [[File:Monile.ogg|thumb|Tumbuka moni "Monile" kutanthauza "Moni".]] ===Makonsonati=== Makonsonanti a Chitumbuka amafanananso ndi a [[Chichewa|Chewa]] oyandikana nawo, koma amasiyana. Mawu osalekeza akuti {{IPA|/ɣ/}}, {{IPA|/β/}} ndi {{IPA|/h/}}, omwe palibe kapena m'mphepete mwa Chewa, amapezeka m'Chitumbuka. Zinanso zodziwika bwino ndi mawu omveka {{IPA|/vʲ/}}, {{IPA|/fʲ/}}, {{IPA|/bʲ/}}, {{IPA|/pʲ/}}, {{IPA| /skʲ/}}, {{IPA|/zgʲ/}}, ndi {{IPA|/ɽʲ/}}. M’Chitumbuka mulibe ma affricates monga Chichewa {{IPA|/psʲ/}}, {{IPA|/bzʲ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡s/}}, {{IPA|/d͡z/}}. Maphokoso a {{IPA|/s/}} ndi {{IPA|/z/}} samachotsedwa m'mphuno m'Chitumbuka, kotero kuti Chewa rds a Tumbuka; mwachitsanzo Low ({{lang|tum|yoyoyo}} 'disintegrating into small pieces'), High ({{lang|tum|fyá:}} 'swooping low (of birds)'), High-Low ({{lang |tum|phúli}} 'kuphulika kwa chinthu'), ndi Kutsika Kwambiri ({{lang|tum|yií}} 'kutayika mwadzidzidzi'), etc.<ref>Moto (1999), pp.112-120. </ref> Ku Tumbuka kumagwiritsanso ntchito malankhulidwe amitundumitundu; mwachitsanzo, mu mafunso inde-ayi nthawi zambiri pamakhala kugwa Kwapamwamba-Kutsika pa syllable yomaliza ya funso:<ref>Downing (2008), p.55.</ref> *{{lang|tum|ku-limirâ-so ngô:mâ?}} 'kodi inunso mukupalira chimanga?' Zikuoneka kuti palibe kugwirizana kulikonse pakati pa kamvekedwe ka mawu mu Chitumbuka ndi [[Focus (linguistics)|focus]].<ref>Downing (2012), p.129.</ref> ==Maina== ===Maphunziro a mayina=== Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zilankhulo za Chibantu, mayina a Chitumbuka amagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mayina malinga ndi mawu amodzi komanso ambiri. Gulu lirilonse la nauni liri ndi adjective, pronoun, ndi ma verb mapangano, omwe amadziwika kuti 'concords'. Kumene mapanganowo sakugwirizana ndi mawu oyamba, mapanganowo amakhala patsogolo posankha gulu la nauni. Mwachitsanzo, dzina lakuti {{lang|tum|katundu}} 'possessions', ngakhale lili ndi mawu oyamba ''ka-'', limayikidwa m'kalasi 1, popeza wina amati {{lang|tum|katundu uyu}} 'awa katundu' pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha kalasi 1 {{lang|tum|uyu}}. Amalawi eni ake (monga mu dikishonale ya Citumbuka ya University of Malawi) amatchula mayina a mayina ndi mayina achikhalidwe monga "Mu-lina-"; Akatswiri a Bantu, komabe, amatchula makalasi ndi manambala (1/2 etc.) zogwirizana ndi mayina a zilankhulo zina za Bantu. Nthawi zina manauni sagwirizana ndi makalasi pansipa, mwachitsanzo. {{lang|tum|fumu}} 'chief' (class 9) mosakhazikika amakhala ndi mawu ambiri ''mafumu'' m'kalasi 6. '''Class 1/2 (Mu-lina-)''' Maina ena m'kalasi ili alibe chiyambi Mu-: *{{lang|tum|Munthu}} pl. {{lang|tum|banthu (banthu)}} = munthu *{{lang|tum|Muzungu}} pl. {{lang|tum|bazungu (bazungu)}} = mlendo, mzungu *{{lang|tum|Mwana}} pl. {{lang|tum|ŵana (bana)}} = mwana *{{lang|tum|Bulu}} pl. {{lang|tum|babulu}} = bulu *{{lang|tum|Sibweni}} pl. {{lang|tum|basibweni}} = amalume a amayi *{{lang|tum|Katundu}} (no pl.) = katundu, katundu ''Class 3/4 (Mu-Mi-)'' *{{lang|tum|Mutu}} pl. {{lang|tum|mitu}} = mutu *{{lang|tum|Mkuyu}} pl. {{lang|tum|mikuyu}} = mkuyu *{{lang|tum|Moyo}} pl. {{lang|tum|miyoyo}} = moyo *{{lang|tum|Mtima}} pl. {{lang|tum|mitima}} = mtima '''Class 5/6 (Li-Ma-)''' *{{lang|tum|Bele (bhele}} pl. {{lang|tum|mabele (mabhele)}} = bere *{{lang|tum|Boma (bhoma)}} pl. {{lang|tum|maboma (mabhoma)}} = boma, boma *{{lang|tum|Botolo (bhotolo)}} pl. {{lang|tum|mabotolo (mabhotolo)}} = botolo *{{lang|tum|Fuko}} pl. {{lang|tum|mafuko}} = fuko, fuko *{{lang|tum|Jiso}} pl. {{lang|tum|maso}} = diso *{{lang|tum|Maji}} (palibe umodzi) = madzi *{{lang|tum|Phiri}} pl. {{lang|tum|mapiri}} = phiri *{{lang|tum|Suzgo}} pl. {{lang|tum|masuzgo}} = vuto, vuto *{{lang|tum|Woko}} pl. {{lang|tum|mawoko}} = dzanja '''Class 7/8 (Ci-Vi-)''' *{{lang|tum|Caka (chaka)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vyaka}} = chaka *{{lang|tum|Caro (charo)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vyaro}} = dziko, dziko *{{lang|tum|Cigawoto (chibeto)}} pl. {{lang|tum|viseto (vibeto)}} = farm animal *{{lang|tum|Cidakwa (chidakwa)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vidakwa}} = woledzera *{{lang|tum|Cikoti (chikoti)}} pl. {{lang|tum|vikoti}} = chikwapu '''Class 9/10 (Yi-Zi-)''' *{{lang|tum|Mbale}} pl. {{lang|tum|mbale (mambale)}} = plate *{{lang|tum|Ndalama}} pl. {{lang|tum|ndalama}} = ndalama *{{lang|tum|Njelwa}} pl. {{lang|tum|njelwa}} = njerwa *{{lang|tum|Nkhuku}} pl. {{lang|tum|nkuku}} = nkhuku *{{lang|tum|Somba}} pl. {{lang|tum|somba}} = nsomba ''Class 11 (Lu-)'' Okamba ena amaona mawu m’kalasili ngati kuti ali m’kalasi 5/6.<ref>Shiozaki (2004).</ref> *{{lang|tum|Lwande}} = mbali *{{lang|tum|Lumbiri}} = kutchuka *{{lang|tum|Lulimi}} = lilime ''Class 12/13 (Ka-Tu-)'' *{{lang|tum|Kanthu (kantu)}} pl. {{lang|tum|tunthu (tuntu)}} = chinthu chaching'ono *{{lang|tum|Kamwana}} pl. {{lang|tum|tubalana (tubana)}} = mwana *{{lang|tum|Kayuni}} pl. {{lang|tum|tuyuni}} = mbalame *{{lang|tum|Tulo}} (no singular) = kugona ''Class 14/6 (U-Ma-)'' Mainawa nthawi zambiri amakhala osamveka ndipo alibe zambiri. *{{lang|tum|Usiku}} = usiku *{{lang|tum|Ulimi}} = ulimi *{{lang|tum|Ulalo}} pl. {{lang|tum|maulalo}} = bridge *{{lang|tum|Uta}} pl. {{lang|tum|mauta}} = uta ''Class 15 (Ku-) Infinitive'' *{{lang|tum|Kugula}} = kugula, kugula *{{lang|tum|Kwiba (kwibha)}} = kuba, kuba ''Makalasi 16, 17, 18 (Pa-, Ku-, Mu-) Locative'' *{{lang|tum|Pasi}} = underneath *{{lang|tum|Kunthazi (kuntazi)}} = in front, before *{{lang|tum|Mukati}} = inside ===Concords=== Maverebu, ma adjectives, manambala, ziyeneretso, ndi matchulidwe mu Chitumbuka ayenera kugwirizana ndi dzina lomwe likutchulidwa. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma prefixes, infixes, kapena suffixes zotchedwa 'concords' zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi gulu la nauni. Kalasi 1 ili ndi ma concords osiyanasiyana, osiyana pa matchulidwe, mawu oyamba, chinthu, manambala, adjectives, ndi zotengera:<ref>Chase (2004).</ref><ref>Shiozaki (2004)</ref><ref>Vail (1971)</ref> *{{lang|tum|Mwana u'''yu'''}} = mwana uyu *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''yu'''moza}} = one child *{{lang|tum|Mwana u'''yo'''}} = that child *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''yo'''se}} = the whole child *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''li'''yo''''se}} = every child *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''ka'''mu'''wona}} = the child saw him *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''mu'''choko (coko)}} = the small child *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa''' Khumbo}} = mwana wa Khumbo *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''ne}} = my child *{{lang|tum|Mwana '''wa'''wona}} = the child has seen Magulu ena a mayina ali ndi ma concords ang'onoang'ono, monga momwe tawonera patebulo ili pansipa: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 200px; height: 200px;" |+ Table of Tumbuka concords |- ! ! dzina ! Chingerezi ! izi ! num ! kuti ! zonse ! gawo ! chinthu ! adj ! za ! perf |- ! 1 | | {{lang|tum|mwana}}||child||{{lang|tum|uyu}}||''yu-''||{{lang|tum|uyo}}||{{lang|tum| yose}}||''wa-''||''-mu-''||''mu-''||{{lang|tum|wa}}||''wa-'' |- ! 2 | | {{lang|tum|ŵana}}||ana wose||''ŵakambe-''||''-bb-''|| |- ! 3 | | {{lang|tum|mutu}}||head||{{lang|tum|uwu}}||''wu-''||{{lang|tum|uwo}}||{{lang|tum| wose}}||''wu-''||-''wu-''||''wu-''||{{lang|tum|wa}}||''wa-'' |- ! 4 | | {{lang|tum|mitu}}||heads||{{lang|tum|iyi}}||''yi-''||{{lang|tum|iyo}}||{{lang|tum| yose}}||''yi-''||''-yi-''||''yi-''||{{lang|tum|ya}}||''ya-'' |- ! 5 | | {{lang|tum|jiso}}||eye||{{lang|tum|ili}}||''li-''||{{lang|tum|ilo}}||{{lang|tum| lose}}||''li-''||''-li-''||''li-''||{{lang|tum|la}}||''la-'' |- ! 6 | | {{lang|tum|maso}}||eyes||{{lang|tum|agha}}||''gha-''||{{lang|tum|agho}}||{{lang|tum| ghose}}||''gha-''||''-gha-''||''gha-''||{{lang|tum|gha}}||''gha-'' |- ! 7 | | {{lang|tum|caka}}||year||{{lang|tum|ici}}||''ci-''||{{lang|tum|ico}}||{{lang|tum| cose}}||''ci-''||''-ci-''||''ci-''||{{lang|tum|ca}}||''ca-'' |- ! 8 | | {{lang|tum|vyaka}}||years||{{lang|tum|ivi}}||''vi-''||{{lang|tum|vyo}}||{{lang|tum| zonse}}||''vi-''||''-vi-''||''vi-''||{{lang|tum|vya}}||''vya-'' |- ! 9 | | {{lang|tum|nyumba}}||house||{{lang|tum|iyi}}||''yi-''||{{lang|tum|iyo}}||{{lang|tum| yose}}||''yi-''||''-yi-''||''yi-''||{{lang|tum|ya}}||''ya-'' |- ! 10 | | {{lang|tum|nyumba}}||houses||{{lang|tum|izi}}||''zi-''||{{lang|tum|izo}}||{{lang|tum| zose}}||''zi-''||''-zi-''||''zi-''||{{lang|tum|za}}||''za-'' |- ! 11 | | {{lang|tum|lwande}}||side||{{lang|tum|ulu}}||''lu-''||{{lang|tum|ulo}}||{{lang|tum| lose}}||''lu-''||''-lu-''||''lu-''||{{lang|tum|lwa}}||''lwa-'' |- ! | | ||(or: ||{{lang|tum|ili}}||''li-''||{{lang|tum|ilo}}||{{lang|tum|lose}}||'' li-''||''-li-''||''li-''||{{lang|tum|la}}||''la-'') |- ! 12 | | {{lang|tum|kayuni}}||bird||{{lang|tum|aka}}||''ka-''||{{lang|tum|ako}}||{{lang|tum| kose}}||''ka-''||''-ka-''||''ka-''||{{lang|tum|ka}}||''ka-'' |- ! 13 | | {{lang|tum|tuyuni}}||birds||{{lang|tum|utu}}||''tu-''||{{lang|tum|uto}}||{{lang|tum| tose}}||''tu-''||''-tu-''||''tu-''||{{lang|tum|twa}}||''twa-'' |- ! 14 | | {{lang|tum|uta}}||bow||{{lang|tum|uwu}}||''wu''-||{{lang|tum|uwo}}||{{lang|tum| wose}}||''wu-''||''-wu-''||''wu-''||{{lang|tum|wa}}||''wa-'' |- ! 15 | | {{lang|tum|kugula}}||buying||{{lang|tum|uku}}||''ku-''||{{lang|tum|uko}}||{{lang|tum| kose}}||''ku-''||''-ku-''||''ku-''||{{lang|tum|kwa}}||''kwa-'' |- ! 16 | | {{lang|tum|pasi}}||underneath||{{lang|tum|apa}}||''pa-''||{{lang|tum|apo}}||{{lang|tum| pose}}||''pa-''||''-pa-''||''pa-''||{{lang|tum|pa}}||''pa-'' |- ! 17 | | {{lang|tum|kunthazi}}||in front||{{lang|tum|uku}}||''ku-''||{{lang|tum|uko}}||{{lang|tum| kose}}||''ku-''||''-ku-''||''ku-''||{{lang|tum|kwa}}||''kwa-'' |- ! 18 | | {{lang|tum|mukati}}||inside||{{lang|tum|umu}}||''mu-''||{{lang|tum|umo}}||{{lang|tum| mose}}||''mu-''||''-mu-''||''mu-''||{{lang|tum|mwa}}||''mwa-'' |- |} == Zitsanzo za mawu ndi zolemba == Mawu otsatirawa ndi awa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito munthu akapita kudera limene chinenero chawo chachikulu ndi Chitumbuka: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Tumbuka !Chichewa |- |Moni |Moni |- |Moni | moni, kwa gulu la anthu |- |Muli makola? Mwaŵa uli? |bwanji? |- |Muli makola? Mwaŵa uli? |Muli bwanji?, kwa gulu la anthu |- |Nili makola |Ndili bwino |- |Tili makola | Tili bwino |- |Naonga (chomene) | Zikomo (zambiri) |- |Yewo (chomene) | Zikomo (zambiri) |- |Ndiwe bwanji? Dzina lako ndani? |- | Zina lane ndine.... | Dzina langa ndine.... |- |Nyengo ili uli? |Nthawi yanji? |- |Ningakuvwila? |Kodi ndingakuthandizeni? |- |Uyende makola |Tendani bwino/maulendo otetezeka |- |Mwende makola |Tendani bwino/maulendo otetezeka (anati kwa gulu la anthu) |- |Enya |Inde |- |Yayi/Chala | Ayi |- |Kwali |Sindikudziwa |- |Mukumanya mawu Chizungu? |Kodi mumatha kulankhula Chingerezi? |- |Nayambapo kutsata Chitumbuka |Ndangoyamba kumene kuphunzira Chitumbuka |- |Mukung'anamula vichi? |Mukutanthauza chiyani? |- |Chonde, ningaluta kubafa? |Kodi ndingapite kuchimbudzi? |- |Namtumiki/Nkhudzedwa |"Ndimakukondani" |- |Pepa |Pepani |- | Phepani |Pepani (kwa gulu la anthu) |- |Banja | Banja |- |Yowoya | Lankhulani/lankhulani |} ==Mavesi == ===Chiyambi chamutu=== Maverebu onse ayenera kukhala ndi chiyambi cha mutu, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi dzina la mutu.<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 22.</ref> Mwachitsanzo, liwu lakuti {{lang|tum|ciŵinda}} 'hunter' ndi kalasi 7, choncho ngati liri lotsogolera, mneniyo amakhala ndi chiyambi ''ci-'': :{{lang|tum|ciŵinda '''ci'''-ka-koma nkhalamu}} = 'mlenje anapha mkango'<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 42.</ref> N'zothekanso kuti mutuwo ukhale dzina lamalo (makalasi 16, 17, 18), pamene mneniyo ali ndi chiyambi cha malo:<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 23.</ref> :{{lang|tum|pamphasa '''pa'''-ka-khala mwana}} = 'pa mphasa panakhala mwana' Mawu akuti "ku-'' (kalasi 17) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati munthu pokambirana za nyengo:<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 24.</ref> :{{lang|tum|'''ku'''kuzizima madazi ghano}} = 'kuzizira masiku ano' Pamene mutuwo uli mloŵana waumwini, ma prefixes a mutu ali motere (mloŵa m'malo mwake akhoza kuchotsedwa, koma osati mutu wa mutu): :{{lang|tum|(ine) '''n'''-kha-gula}} = 'I bought' (''nkha-'' stands for ''ni-ka-'') :{{lang|tum|(iwe) '''u'''-ka-gula}} = 'you bought' (informal, singular) :{{lang|tum|(iyo)<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 23. Koma Kishindo et al. (2018), s.v. {{lang|tum|iye}}, have {{lang|tum|iye}}.</ref> '''wa'''-ka-gula}} = 'he, she bought' :{{lang|tum|(ise) '''ti'''-ka-gula}} = 'tinagula' :{{lang|tum|(imwe) '''mu'''-ka-gula}} = 'unagula' (zambiri kapena ulemu) :{{lang|tum|(iwo) '''ŵab'''-ka-gula}} = 'anagula', 'anagula' (ochuluka kapena mwaulemu) M’chinenedwe changwiro, awa amafupikitsidwa ku {{lang|tum|n-a-, w-a-, w-a-, t-a-, mw-a-, ŵ-a-}}, mwachitsanzo. {{lang|tum|t-a-gula}} 'tagula'. M’chiyankhulo cha [[Karonga]], pa munthu wachitatu mmodzi ''a-'' amapezeka m'malo mwa ''wa-'', ndipo chachitatu ndi ''wa-'' m'malo mwa ''wa-'', kupatula mu nthawi yangwiro, pamene ''wa-'' ndi ''ba-'' agwiritsidwa ntchito.<ref>McNicholl (2010), pp. 7–8.</ref> ===Chikhomo-chinthu=== Kuti muwonetse chinthu, mawu owonjezera atha kuwonjezeredwa ku mneni nthawi yomweyo muzu wa mneni usanachitike. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro cha chinthu ndichosankha:<ref>Chavula (2016), pp. 51–64.</ref> :{{lang|tum|Pokani wa('''yi''')gula galimoto}} = 'Pokani has bought a car' (class 9) :{{lang|tum|Changa waka('''mu'')nyamula katundu}} = 'Changa ananyamula katundu' (class 1) Chizindikiro cha chinthu chimagwirizana ndi gulu la chinthucho, monga momwe tawonetsera pa tebulo la concords pamwambapa. Chizindikiro cha chinthu chingakhalenso malo (makalasi 16, 17, kapena 18):<ref>Chavula (2016), p. 56.</ref> :{{lang|tum|Kondwani wa('''pa''')kwera pa nyumba}} = 'Kondwani has climbed on top of the house' Zolembera za malo oimira munthu ndi izi:<ref>Chavula (2016), pp. 53–4.</ref> :{{lang|tum|wa'''ni'''ona (ine)}} = 'wandiwona' :{{lang|tum|wa'''ku'''ona (iwe)}} = 'wakuwona' :{{lang|tum|wa'''mu'''ona}} = 'wamuona' :{{lang|tum|wa'''ti''''ona}} = 'watiwona' :{{lang|tum|wa'''mu'''ona'''ni'''}} = 'wakuwonani' (ochuluka kapena mwaulemu) :{{lang|tum|wa'''ba'''ona}} = 'wawaona' ===Nyengo=== Nthawi m'Chitumbuka imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono powonjezera ma infixes, ndipo pang'ono ndi ma suffixes. Mosiyana ndi Chichewa, mamvekedwe sapanga mbali iriyonse ya kusiyanitsa pakati pa nthawi imodzi ndi inzake. M'mbuyomu kusiyana kumapangidwa pakati pa nthawi ya hodiernal (kutanthauza zochitika zamasiku ano) ndi nthawi zakutali (kutanthauza zochitika dzulo kapena nthawi ina yapitayo). Komabe, malire pakati pa posachedwapa ndi akutali si enieni.<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 176.</ref> Kusiyana kwina kumapangidwa pakati pa nthawi zakale ndi zangwiro. Nthawi yabwino ikagwiritsiridwa ntchito imakhala ndi tanthawuzo loti zotsatira zake zikadalipo panthawi yolankhula, mwachitsanzo: 'maungu afalikira ({{lang|tum|zathambala}}) pamunda'.<ref>Kiso. (2012), p. 171, mogwira mawu Vail (1972).</ref> Ungwiro wapano utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'maverebu osonyeza momwe zinthu zilili masiku ano monga {{lang|tum|ndakhala}} 'I am sitting' kapena {{lang|tum|ndakondwa}} 'Ndine wokondwa'. Remote perfect is used for events that happened some back but the impact is still not today, such as {{lang|tum|libwe made}} 'the rock has fallen' or {{lang|tum|walikutayika}} ' iye (wamwalira) '.<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 171, 178.</ref> Nthawi zamtsogolo zimasiyanitsanso pafupi ndi zochitika zakutali. Nthawi zina zimatanthawuza kuti chochitikacho chidzachitika kwina, mwachitsanzo {{lang|tum|ndamukuchezga}} 'Ndipita ndikacheze'.<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 184, mogwira mawu Vail (1972).</ref> Ma Compound tenses amapezekanso mu Chitumbuka, monga {{lang|tum|wati wagona}} 'he had slept', {{lang|tum|wa sauti kuti wafumapo}} 'he had just left' ndi {{lang|tum| wazamukuŵaŵa waguliska}} 'azamuguliska'.<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 172, 182, 184, quoting Vail (1972).</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left" |+ Nthawi zina za Chitumbuka<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 163–192.</ref> |- !Nkhani !Chokhomera nthawi !Chitsanzo !Kumasulira |- !Pakali pano zopanda malire | | ku- ||{{lang|tum|'''ku'''-luta}} ||‘to go' |- ! |- !Present simple | | -ku- ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''ku'''-luta}} ||‘he/she goes/is going’ |- !Chizoloŵezi chopezekapo | | -ku-...-anga ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''ku'''-lut-'''anga'''}} ||‘he/she goes’ (olankhula ena okha) |- ! |- ! Perekani mwangwiro | | -a- ||{{lang|tum|w-'''a'''-luta}} ||‘wapita’ |- ! Perekani wangwiro mosalekeza | | -a-...-anga ||{{lang|tum|w-'''a''-lut-'''anga'''}} ||‘he/she has been going' |- !Kutali kwangwiro | | -liku- ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''liku'''-luta}} ||‘he/she has gone’ |- ! |- !Zosavuta zaposachedwa | | -angu- ||{{lang|tum|w-'''angu'''-luta}} ||‘he/she went’ (today) |- !Posachedwapa mosalekeza | | -angu-...-anga ||{{lang|tum|w-'''angu'''-lut-'''anga'''}} ||‘he/she was going' (today) |- !Zosavuta zakutali | | -ka- ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''ka'''-luta}} ||‘he/she went’ |- !Kutali kupitirira mosalekeza | | -ka-...-anga ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''ka'''-lut-'''anga'''}} ||‘he/she was going/used to go' |- ! |- ![[Posachedwapa (galamala)|Posachedwapa]] |...-enge||{{lang|tum|wa-lut-'''enge'''}}||'he will go' (now or today) |- !Emphatic future<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 183, mogwira mawu Vail (1972).</ref> | | -ti-...-enge||{{lang|tum|wa-'''ti'''-lut-'''enge'''}}||'adzapita ndithu' |- !Distal future<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 184, 185, akunena Vail (1972). Kwa mawu akuti 'distal', onani Botne (1999) </ref> | | -amu-(ku)-|| {{lang|tum|w-'''amuku'''-gula}} ||‘he/she will buy’ (where else) |- !Zamtsogolo zakutali | | -zamu-(ku)-|| {{lang|tum|wa-'''zamu''-luta}} ||‘he/she will go’ (tomorrow or later) |- !Kutsogolo kwakutali mosalekeza | | -zamu-...-anga|| {{lang|tum|wa-'''zamu''-lut-'''anga'''}} ||‘he/she will be going' (tomorrow or later) |- ! |- !Present subjunctive | | -e ||{{lang|tum|ti-lut-'''e'''}} ||‘tiyeni tipite' |- ! Distal subjunctive | | -ka-...-e ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''ka'''-gul-'''e'''}} ||‘kuti agule (kwina)' |- ! Zotheka | | -nga- ||{{lang|tum|wa-'''nga'''-luta}} ||'he can go'<ref>McNicholl (2010), p. 8.</ref> |} Nthawi zina zamtsogolo zimaperekedwa ndi Vail (1972) ndi ena.<ref>Onani Kiso (2012) pp. 182–188.</ref> Mu munthu 1 mmodzi, ''ni-ku-'' ndi ''ni-ka-'' afupikitsidwa kukhala ''nkhu-'' ndi ''nkha-'': {{lang|tum|nkhuluta}} ' I am going', 'I go', {{lang|tum|nkhalutanga}} 'I used to go'.<ref>Kiso (2012), pp. 163, 173.</ref> ===Manenedwe oipa=== Popanga mneni m'Chitumbuka, mawu akuti {{lang|tum|yayi}} kapena {{lang|tum|cha(ra)}} amawonjezedwa kumapeto kapena kumapeto kwa ndimeyi. Zikuwoneka kuti {{lang|tum|yayi}} amakondedwa ndi olankhula achichepere:<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 190.</ref> :{{lang|tum|wakulemba kalata '''yayi'''}} :'sakulemba kalata' :{{lang|tum|tizamugwira ntchito '''cha''' machero}} :'sitigwira ntchito mawa' Komabe, ndi nthawi yangwiro, pali mawonekedwe osiyana, kuwonjezera '' -nda-'' ndi kutha '' -e'':<ref>Kiso (2012), p. 191.</ref> :{{lang|tum|enya, n'''a''kumana nawo}} : "yes ndakumana naye" :{{lang|tum|yayi, ni'''nda'''kuman'''e''' nawo}} : "ayi, sindinakumane naye" ==Chikoka cha Ngoni pa Tumbuka== ''Mawu achiNgoni (Chizulu/Ndwandwe) opezeka m'Chitumbuka:'' Zinenero zonse za Chitumbuka zakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi chilankhulo cha Chingoni, makamaka m'boma la Mzimba m'dziko la Malawi. Ngoni ndi chilankhulo chomwe chinachokera kwa anthu a Ndwandwe omwe anali oyandikana ndi a Zulu asanagonjetsedwe ndi Azulu ndipo adatengedwa kukhala Zulu. Choncho chinenero chimene a Ndwandwe ankalankhula chinali chofanana ndi Chizulu. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo za mawu opezeka mu chitumbuka omwe ndi ochokera ku Chizulu/Ndwandwe, ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa mawuwa ali ndi mawu achitumbuka omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito posinthana ndi olankhula, (kupatulapo 'munwe/minwe' kutanthauza 'chala/zala' Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zinalibe mnzake woyamba kapena mawu oyamba atayika). {| class="wikitable" |- ! Chichewa!! Tumbuka!! Tumbuka-Ngoni dialect |- | | Onani | Wona || Onani |- | | Utsi | Khweŵa || Bhema |- | | Munthu | Mwanalume || Doda |- | | Namwali || Mwali || Nthombi |} ==Chitsanzo cha Tumbuka== '''Miyezi ku Tumbuka:''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! English!! Tumbuka |- | | Januwale | | Matipa |- | | February | | Muswela |- | | March | | Nyakanyaka |- | | April | | Masika |- | | Mayi | Vuna |- | | Juni | Zizima |- | | July | | Mphepo |- | | Ogasiti | | Mpulumutsi |- | | September | | Lupya |- | | October | | Zimya |- | | November | | Thukila |- | | December | | Vula |} Chitsanzo cha nthano zomasuliridwa m'Chitumbuka ndi zilankhulo zina za Kumpoto kwa Malawi chaperekedwa mu kafukufuku wa zilankhulo za ku Northern Malawi wochitidwa ndi bungwe la Center for Language Studies la University of Malawi.<ref>[http://unima-cls. org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf Kafukufuku wa Mapu a Zinenero], p. 60-64.</ref> Nthano zachitumbuka zimapita motere: :{{lang|tum|KALULU NA FULU (Citumbuka)|italics=no}} :{{lang|tum|Fulu wakaluta kukapemphiska vyakulya kukulya. Pakuyeya thumba lake wakacita kukaka ku cingwe citali na kuvwara mu singo, ndipo pakwenda thumba lake likizanga kunyuma kwake.|italics=no}} :{{lang|tum|Wali mu nthowa, kalulu wakiza kunyuma ndipo wakati “bowo, thumba lane!” Fulu wakati, "Thumba ndane iwe, wona cingwe ici ndaka sono nkhuguza pakwenda." Kalulu wakakana nipera, ndipo anati|italics=no}} == Maumboni == <references /> [[Category:Chilankhulo]] [[Category:Nyasa zinenero]] [[Category:Zinenero za Malawi]] [[Category:Zinenero za Tanzania]] [[Category:Zinenero za Zambia]] [[Category:Zinenero za Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Chitumbuka| ]] [[Category:Zambia]] cxodlnszmv2lhvi8p675am85ofgtngz 0 9276 71944 71894 2026-09-04T02:02:11Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 12933 71944 wikitext text/x-wiki Chisankho cha '''2026 cha pulezidenti wa Zambia''' chinachitikira ku [[Zambia]] pa 13 Ogasiti 2026 kuti asankhe [[Purezidenti wa Zambia]]. Purezidenti wa [[United Party for National Development]] (UPND) [[Hakainde Hichilema]] yemwe ali paudindo wake ndi mnzake wotsatizana naye, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti [[Mutale Nalumango]], adasankhidwanso kukhala paudindo kachiwiri. Adagonjetsa tikiti ya [[National Reconciliation Party for Unity and Prosperity]] (NRPUP) ya [[Brian Mundubile]] ndi [[Makebi Zulu]]. Hichilema wapambana ndi 60% ya mavoti, pomwe Mundubile wapeza 38% ya mavoti onse ovomerezeka omwe aperekedwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimba |first=Jacob |last2=español |first2=MOGOMOTSI MAGOME Leer en |date=2026-08-18 |title=Purezidenti wa Zambia Hakainde Hichilema walengezedwa kuti wapambana chisankho chomwe chinali ndi mavuto |url=https://apnews.com/article/zambia-election-hichilema-victory-562c0ee56653c8dc835af7556c913aab |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Purezidenti wa Zambia Hakainde Hichilema wapambana nthawi yachiwiri |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/18/zambias-hichilema-wins-second-term-as-president |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Hichilema adasankhidwa kukhala woyimira chipani cha UPND popanda wotsutsa pamsonkhano wa chipani pa 12 Epulo 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-13 |title=Purezidenti Hakainde Hichilema adasankhidwa popanda wotsutsa kukhala woyimira chipani cha UPND mu 2026. - Mwebantu |url=https://www.mwebantu.com/president-hakainde-hichilema-nominated-unopposed-as-upnd-presidential-candidate-for-2026/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=Epulo 12, 2026 |title=HH Adasankhidwa popanda wotsutsa ngati woyimira chipani cha UPND |url=https://znbc.co.zm/?p=12270 |work=[[ZNBC]].com}}</ref> Pakadali pano, otsutsa akuluakulu [[Tonse Alliance]],<ref name=":0" /> yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Novembala 2024 ndi cholinga chochotsa UPND m'boma, idasankha [[Brian Mundubile]] kukhala woyimira chipani chake cha purezidenti mu Januwale 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Beardsworth |first=Nicole |date=2026-08-10 |title=Zambia votes: ndani ndani ndipo ndi nkhani ziti zomwe zikuyambitsa zisankho? |url=https://theconversation.com/zambia-votes-whos-who-and-what-issues-are-shaping-the-elections-289074 |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref> Poyamba Mundubile ankayembekezeredwa kupikisana pa chisankhocho motsatira tikiti ya [[Forum for Democracy and Development|FDD]], koma pambuyo pake mgwirizanowu unasankha [[National Reconciliation Party for Unity and Prosperity|NRPUP]] kukhala chipani chomwe angapikisane nacho. Pambuyo pake adasiya tikiti ya FDD ndipo adalemba kusankhidwa kwake kukhala purezidenti pansi pa tikiti ya NRPUP.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Jere |first=Shadreck |date=2026-05-16 |title=Mundubile wasiya tikiti ya FDD, kuti alembe kusankhidwa pansi pa NRPUP |url=https://diggers.news/local/2026/05/16/mundubile-drops-fdd-ticket-to-file-nomination-under-nrpup/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}</ref> Chisankhochi chinayamba kutsutsidwa ndi anthu 14. Komabe, [[Xavier Franklin Chungu|Xavier Chungu]] wa [[Liberal Democratic Party (Zambia)|Liberal Democratic Party]] adachotsa udindo wake ali m'ndende atatha milungu ingapo m'ndende<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-06-03 |title=Mkulu wakale wa Zachitetezo ku Zambia Xavier Chungu waimbidwa mlandu wokhudza kuulutsa nkhani zachinsinsi za boma - Mwebantu |url=https://www.mwebantu.com/former-zambian-intelligence-chief-xavier-chungu-charged-over-state-secrets-leak/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> komanso kusatha kuchita kampeni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woyimira Purezidenti Womangidwa Xavier Chungu Wachoka ku Mpikisano, Akuvomereza Mundubile |url=https://muvitv.com/article/jailed-presidential-candidate-xavier-chungu |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=MUVI TV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=XAVIER CHUNGU AKUPEREKEDWA KU KHOTI LAMKULU KUTI AWERENGEDWE MU MLANDU WA CHITETEZO CHA BOMA – National Prosecution Authority |url=https://www.npa.gov.zm/index.php/2026/07/23/xavier-chungu-committed-to-high-court-for-trial-in-state-security-case/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Electoral Commission of Zambia]] yalengeza mwalamulo kuti yachoka pa 12 Ogasiti, tsiku limodzi kuvota kusanachitike. Popeza mapepala ovotera anali atasindikizidwa kale, ECZ inanena kuti mavoti omwe adaperekedwa kwa Chungu sadzawerengedwa ngati mavoti ovomerezeka. Osankhidwa ena anali [[Harry Kalaba]] wa [[Citizens First]], [[Fred M'membe]] wa [[Socialist Party (Zambia)|Socialist Party]], [[Given Katuta Mwelwa]] monga Kelvin Bwalya wodziyimira pawokha wa [[Zambia Must Prosper]], ndi [[Brian Mushimba]] wa Organised People's Party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections in Zambia: 2026 General Elections |url=https://www.ifes.org/tools-resources/elections-snapshots/elections-zambia-2026-general-elections |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=www.ifes.org |language=en}}</ref> Chisankho cha purezidenti chinachitika nthawi imodzi ndi zisankho za [[Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Zambia|Nyumba Yamalamulo]] ndi maboma am'deralo monga gawo la [[Chisankho Chachikulu cha Zambia cha 2026|Chisankho Chachikulu cha 2026]]. Purezidenti adasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito [[dongosolo la magawo awiri]], ndipo gawo lachiwiri limafunika ngati palibe wopikisana naye amene adalandira mavoti opitilira 50%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machenheimer |first=Sabine |date=9 Disembala 2015 |title=Chisankho cha 2016 chomwe chidamenyedwa kwambiri chikanawonjezera chiopsezo cha chiwawa m'deralo ndikuyika kukakamiza mapulani a kuwononga ndalama ku Zambia |url=http://www.janes.com/article/56569/closely-fought-2016-election-would-increase-localised-violence-risks-and-put-pressure-on-zambia-s-austerity-plans |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408083349/http://www.janes.com/article/56569/closely-fought-2016-election-would-increase-localised-violence-risks-and-put-pressure-on-zambia-s-austerity-plans |archive-date=8 Epulo 2016 |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Janes |language=en}}</ref> Hichilema adadutsa malire mu gawo loyamba, kupambana chisankho china popanda kubwerezanso. Bungwe Loona za Chisankho layimitsa kwakanthawi kuwerengera mavoti pa 14 Ogasiti pambuyo pa ziwopsezo ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zanenedwa kwa ogwira ntchito pa chisankho, kuwerengerako kusanayambikenso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-14 |title=Zambia yaimitsa kuwerengera mavoti pambuyo pa ziwawa za chisankho |url=https://www.africanews.com/2026/08/14/zambia-suspends-vote-counting-after-election-violence/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> Pambuyo polengeza zotsatira pa 18 Ogasiti, Hichilema adathokoza ovota chifukwa chothandizira, pomwe Mundubile adakana zotsatirazo ndipo adati iye ndi chipani chake adzatsutsa zotsatirazo kudzera m'njira zovomerezeka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mtsogoleri wotsutsa ku Zambia adzatsutsa kupambana kwa chisankho cha Hichilema kukhothi |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/19/zambian-opposition-leader-to-challenge-election-result-in-%e2%81%a0court |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=The Africa |date=2026-08-20 |title=Mundubile atengera kupambana kwa Hichilema kukhothi pamene mikangano ku Zambia ikukulirakulira. |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/428154/mundubile-takes-hichilema-victory-to-court-as-zambia-tensions-deepen/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=The Africa Report |language=en}}</ref> akunena zachinyengo pa mavoti pampikisano womwe unapatsa Purezidenti Hakainde Hichilema nthawi yachiwiri muulamuliro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-19 |title=Mtsogoleri wotsutsa wa Zambia ayesere kusintha zotsatira za chisankho kukhothi |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/news/zambian-opposition-leader-to-try-to-overturn-election-result-in-court/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Sunday World |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Zotsatira za Chisankho == === Kuwerengera Mavoti === Pa 14 Ogasiti, [[Khomishoni Yachisankho ya Zambia]] (ECZ) idayimitsa kwakanthawi kuwerengera ndi kulengeza zotsatira pambuyo pa malipoti a chiwawa kwa ogwira ntchito yovota komanso kuba mapepala ovota okhala ndi zilembo m'malo ena.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndoro |first=Timothy |date=2026-08-14 |title=“Stop The Count”: Zambia Yayimitsa Kuvota Chifukwa cha Zonena Zachiwawa Ndi Kuba Mavoti |url=https://iharare.com/stop-the-count-zambia-halts-vote-tally-over-claims-of-violence-and-ballot-theft/ |access-date=2026-08-22 |website=iHarare News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kuyimitsaku kunachotsedwa tsiku lomwelo pambuyo poti ECZ yanena kuti chiwopsezo cha chitetezo chathetsedwa, ndipo kuwerengera ndi kulengeza zotsatira kunayambiranso.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Zambia yayambiranso kuwerengera mavoti pambuyo poti akuluakulu a zisankho awukira |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/zambia-suspends-vote-counting-over-violence-against-election-officials-2026-08-14/ |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Ogasiti 2026 |title=ECZ yachotsa kuyimitsidwa kwa kuwerengera ndi kulengeza zotsatira |url=https://zambianobserver.com/ecz-lifts-suspension-on-counting-and-announcement-of-results-first-results-to-be-announced-at-22-hrs/ |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026 |website=Zambian Observer}}</ref> Zotsatira kuchokera m'madera onse pambuyo pake zidaphatikizidwa mu chiwerengero cha dziko lonse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Kuwerengera mavoti kuyambiranso pambuyo poti kwayimitsidwa chifukwa cha ziwawa zomwe zikunenedwa pa ogwira ntchito yovota |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yr8r04edvo |access-date=20 Ogasiti 2026 |work=[[Nkhani za BBC]]}}</ref> === Kupempha kwa Mundubile kuti apambane koyambirira === Ngakhale kuti kuwerengera anthu kunayimitsidwa pa 14 Ogasiti, woyimira chipani chotsutsa [[Brian Mundubile]] anati wapambana chisankho.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-14 |title=Mtsogoleri wa chipani chotsutsa ku Zambia Anena Kuti Wapambana pa Chisankho Pakati pa Malipoti a Ziwawa |url=https://ground.news/article/mundubile-claims-election-victory-as-hichilema-says-results-are-encouraging |access-date=2026-08-22 |website=Ground News |language=en}}</ref> Iye anagwiritsa ntchito mawu ake pa [[Parallel Voter Tabulation]] (PVT) ya kampeni yake, yomwe anati idachokera ku zotsatira zomwe adalandira kuchokera ku malo ovotera ndi malo okwana anthu ambiri mdziko lonselo.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Khomishoni yosankha anthu ku Zambia yaimitsa zotsatira pomwe woyimira chipani chotsutsa akuti wapambana |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/world/africa/636354-zambian-electoral-commission-postpones-counting-declaration-results-country/ |work=TUKO.co.ke |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Tchulani nkhani |date=14 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Mundubile akuti wapambana pomwe chiwerengero cha zisankho ku Zambia chayimitsidwa |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-idnews-sc-national-byo-266843.html |work=Bulawayo24 |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026}}</ref> Mu mawu ake, Mundubile adati zotsatira zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu PVT ya chipani chake zikuwonetsa kuti wapambana chisankho.<ref>{{Tchulani nkhani |date=14 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Mundubile akuti wapambana pomwe chiwerengero cha zisankho ku Zambia chayimitsidwa |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-idnews-sc-national-byo-266843.html |work=Bulawayo24 |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026}}</ref> Panthawiyo, ECZ inali isanalengeze wopambana ndipo inali ikutsimikizira ndikulemba zotsatira kuchokera m'maboma 226.<ref>{{Tchulani tsamba |date=14 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Chisankho cha Zambia 2026: Mauthenga Awiri, Chotsatira Chimodzi Chosalengezedwa |url=https://zambianeconomist.com/hichilema-urges-patience-as-mundubile-claims-victory-before-ecz-declares-a-winner/ |website=The Zambian Economist |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026}}</ref> [[George Chisanga]], wolankhulira purezidenti wa Tonse, pambuyo pake adati Mundubile "sanadzilengeze yekha wopambana", koma adapereka zake Chiwerengero chofanana cha kampeni chikusonyeza kuti anali patsogolo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=YambaYamba |first=Ruth |date=15 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Mundubile sanadzilenge kuti ndi wopambana – Tonse |url=https://diggers.news/local/2026/08/15/mundubile-did-not-declare-himself-winner-tonse/ |access-date=22 Ogasiti 2026 |website=Zambia: News Diggers!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=zamobserver |date=2026-08-17 |title=SINDINADZITENGEREPO KUTI NDINE WOPAMBANA PA ZISANKHO, AKUTI MUNDUBILE. - Woyang'anira wa ku Zambia |url=https://zambianobserver.com/i-never-declared-myself-winner-of-the-elections-says-mundubile/ |access-date=2026-08-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Chilengezo === Bungwe la Electoral Commission of Zambia linalengeza kuti purezidenti [[Hakainde Hichilema]] ndiye wopambana pa chisankho cha purezidenti pa 18 Ogasiti 2026. Hichilema, yemwe ankafuna nthawi yachiwiri ndi [[Mutale Nalumango]] monga woyimira naye, anagonjetsa [[Brian Mundubile]] wa [[National Reconciliation Party for Unity and Prosperity]] (NRPUP). Iye adapambana ndi mavoti opitilira 1,109,109 ndipo adalandira mavoti opitilira 50% a mavoti ovomerezeka, kupewa kuzungulira kwachiwiri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Hakainde Hichilema wapambana chisankho cha purezidenti wa Zambia kwa nthawi yachiwiri |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/czrjzexnl17o |access-date=20 Ogasiti 2026 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Purezidenti Wochirikiza Mabizinesi ku Zambia Apeza Nthawi Yachiwiri Pachisankho |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-18/zambia-s-pro-business-president-secures-second-term-in-election |access-date=20 Ogasiti 2026 |work=[[Bloomberg Nkhani]]}}</ref> Hichilema adapambana voti ya purezidenti m'maboma 124 mwa 226, pomwe Mundubile adatsogolera mu 102. Zotsatirazi zidapatsa Hichilema chigonjetso chachiwiri motsatizana cha purezidenti atagonjetsa [[Edgar Lungu]] mu [[2021 Zambian general election#Presidential election|2021 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia General Election 2026 Presidential results |url=https://elections.elucive.co/ |access-date=20 Ogasiti 2026 |website=eLucive}}</ref> Mavoti okwana 5,028,606 adaponyedwa kuchokera kwa ovota olembetsedwa 8,786,300, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri abwere ku 57.23%. Mwa mavoti omwe adaponyedwa, 4,902,050 anali ovomerezeka ndipo 126,556 adakanidwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chilengezo chilichonse cha ECZ, zolemba za zotsatira za Zambia 2026 |url=https://elections.elucive.co/updates |access-date=20 Ogasiti 2026 |website=eLucive}}</ref> Mundubile adakana zotsatirazo ndipo adati iye ndi chipani chake adzatsutsa kupambana kwa Hichilema kukhothi, ponena kuti panali kusatsatira malamulo ndi chinyengo pazisankho.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Ogasiti 2026 |title=Mtsogoleri wotsutsa wa Zambia adzatsutsa kupambana kwa Hichilema kukhothi |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/19/zambian-opposition-leader-to-challenge-hichilema-election-result-in-%e2%81%a0court |access-date=20 Ogasiti 2026 |webusaiti=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> ===Zotsatira zovomerezeka=== {{Election results |reporting=99.99 |cand1=[[Hakainde Hichilema]] |vp1=[[Mutale Nalumango]] |party1=[[United Party for National Development|UPND]] |votes1=2965326 |cand2=[[Brian Mundubile]] |vp2=[[Makebi Zulu]] |party2=[[National Reconciliation Party for Unity and Prosperity|NRPUP]] |votes2=1856217 |cand3=[[Harry Kalaba]] |vp3= [[Moses Mawere]] |party3=[[Citizens First]] |votes3=19070 |cand4=Kelvin Bwalya |vp4= Milner Katolo |party4=[[Zambia Must Prosper]] |votes4=17078 |cand5=[[Fred M'membe]] |vp5= Dolika Banda |party5=[[Socialist Party (Zambia)|Socialist Party]] |votes5=12194 |cand6=[[Given Katuta]] |vp6= John Nyirenda |party6=Independent |votes6=7574 |cand7=Given Chansa |vp7= Harrison Chewe |party7=Movement for Economic Emancipation |votes7=6650 |cand8=[[Brian Mushimba]] |vp8= [[Andyford Banda]] |party8=Organised People's Party |votes8=6269 |cand9=Richard Silumbe |vp9= Kaela Kamwenesha |party9=Leadership Movement |votes9=3304 |cand10=Howard Kunda |vp10= Chipo Miyoba |party10=Zambia Wake-Up Party |votes10=2561 |cand11=Ackim Njobvu |vp11= — |party11=Democratic Union |color11={{Party color|Democratic Union (Zambia)}} |votes11=2496 |cand12=Richwell Siamunene |vp12= — |party12=New Focus Party |votes12=1963 |cand13=Daniel Pule |vp13= — |party13=Christian Democratic Party |color13={{Party color|Christian Democratic Party (Zambia)}} |votes13=1348 |cand14=<s>Xavier Chungu</s> |vp14=<s>Gerald Dingiswayo Mwanza</s> |party14=<s>Liberal Democrats Party</s> |votes14=<s>0</s> |color14={{Party color|Liberal Democrats Party}} |invalid=126566 |electorate=8786300 |source=Zambia Decides<ref name=ZD>{{Cite web |title=2026 Presidential Election Results |url=https://zambiadecides.au/|website=Zambia Decides}}</ref> }} ==Zolemba== {{Reflist}} {{Zisankho za ku Zambia}} [[Category: Zisankho za 2026 ku Africa|Zambia]] [[Category: 2026 ku Zambia|Chisankho cha Purezidenti]] [[Category: Zisankho za Purezidenti ku Zambia]] pwcpq9tv0xatqpqe7gsn0rzliihuh0f