Antiraaksii

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    <title>Antiraaksii</title>
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      <text bytes="22723" sha1="7plisq6x2smikygv0ij9yv3lpmmzjpg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bacillus anthracis Gram.jpg|thumb|Baasiles Antiraasisii]]
'''Antiraaksiin''' dhibee hamaa yoo ta'u kan inni dhufus baakteeriyaa [[Baasiles Antiraasis]] (''Bacillus anthracis'') jedhamuuni. Gosti dhibee kanaa baayyen isaa kan nama ajjeesu yoo ta'u dhibeen kun bineesotaa fi nama qaba. Yeroo ammaa dhukkuba kanaaf talaalliin kan jiru yoo ta'u erga dhibeen isaa nama qabeeyis antiibaayootiiksiidhaan yaalun gosa dhibee kanaa muraasarratti amma tokko ni hojjata.  

Akkuma miseensota jenasii Baasiles, [[Baasiles Antiraasis|Baasiles Antiraasisiin]] indoospoorii(gabaabumatti ispooriis ni jedhama) mugaa yoo uumuu kunis haala qilleensaa hamaa keessa waggaa kudhanii hanga jaarraa tokkoo jiraachuu danda'a. Ispooriiwwan kun ardii addunyaa hundumarratti argamu, Antaarkitiikaa dabalatee. Ispooriiwwan kun yeroo qillensa wajjiniin ykn nyaata wajjiniin qaama keessa seenan ykn madaa qaamaa irra yoo qubatan, battalumatti mugaatii isaanii keessaa dammaquun saffisaan wal horuu jalqabu.  

Antiraaksiin baayyinaan bineensota biqiltuu nyaatan kan manaa fi kan bosonaa qaba; kunis yeroo marga dheedan ykn yeroo afuura baafatan ispoorii kana yeroo liqimsani. Irra caalaa dhiibeen bineensota biqiltuu nyaatan kan qabu nyaata wajjin liqimsuuni. Bineensonni foon nyaatan ammoo irra caalaa bineensota dhibee kanaan qabaman nyaachudhaan qabamu. Bineensonni dhibee kanaan qabaman dhukkuba kana  namatti dabarsuu danda'u; kunis foon bineensa dhukkubsatee kanaa nyaachun ykn qaaman wal-tuquun (fkn dhiigni faallame yoo madaa tuqe) ta'uu danda'a. 

Antiraaksiin qajeeltodhumaan dhukkubsataa tokkorraa kan biraatti hin darbu; karaa ispoorii qofa namatti darba. Ispooriiwwan kun uffataa fi qopheedhan iddoo tokkoo gara biraatti geeffamuu danda'a. Reeffi bineensota dhibee kanaan du'anii madda ispoorii ta'uu danda'a. Jabina ispooriwwan kun qabaanii fi oomishuun salphaa waan ta'eef, akka meeshaa waraanaatti itti fayyadamuuf baayyee mijataa dha. Antraaksii akka meeshaa waraanaatti fayyadamuun kun yoo xiqqaate biyyoota shaaniin hojjatameera: [[Yunaayitid Kingidem]], [[Jaappaan]], [[USA]], [[Raashiyaa]] fi [[Iraaq]]. Akkasumas biyyoota biraa baayyedhaan yaallame.

Hanga jaarraa 20ffatti wagga waggaadhan adunyaarratti antiraaksiin namoota fi bineensota hanga kuma dhibba tokkoo ol ajjeesse. Saayintistiin [[Firaansi]] [[Luuwii Paaster]] talaallii antiraaksii bara 1881tti yeroo jalqabaatif hojjate. Jaarraa tokkoo oliif talaalli bineensotaa, bobbaa bineensotaa qulleessuu, fi sagantaa antiraaksii balleessuu kan [[Ameerikaa Kaabaa]], [[Awustireliyaa]], [[Niwuu Ziilaandi]], [[Raashiyaa]], [[Yuurooppi]], fi kutaa [[Afrikaa]] fi [[Eshiyaa]] keessatti geggeeffameen, dhukkubni antiraaksii bineensot manaa irratti mul'atu baayyee xiqqaadha (waggaatti baayyee muraasatu gabaafamea). Antiraaksiin keessumaayyuu saree fi adurree irratti baayyee hin mullatu, fakkeenyaaf bara 2001tti [[USA]] keessatti tokko qofatu galmaa'e.  

Dhibeen antiraaksii bineensota foon nyaatanii fi raqa qulqulleessan (scavengers) hin qabu; yoma foon bineensa dhibee kanaan qabamee nyaataniyyuu hin qabaman. Dhukkubni kun bineensota daggalaa biratti yeroo yeroodhan deeddeebi'eet ka'a. Dhibeen kun biyyoota mana yaalaa namaa fi kan horii baayye hin qabne keessatti baayyata. Jaarraa 21ffaattillee, antiraaksiin biyyoota hin guddatin keessatti rakkoo guddaa ta'ee argama. Fakkeenyaaf biyya [[Filippiinsi]] keessatti foon bineensa dhibee kanaan du'ee nyaachuun bara 2010tti namoonni 400 ol yoo dhukkubsatan yoo xiqqaate namoonni 2 akka du'an gabaafameera.       

Ispoorin [[Baasiles Antiraasis]] biyyee keessa jiraata. Yeroo dheeraa jiraachuu waan danda'uuf, ispoorin antiraaksii addunyaa guutuu keessa jira keessaahuu iddoowwan awwaalaa bineensota dhukkuba kanaan du'aniitti argama. Iddoo awwaalaa tuttuqamerraan kan ka'e erga dhukkubsataan du'ee waggaa 70 booda dhibeen kun reeffarraa nama qabu danda'eera.  

==Mallattoo Dhibee Kanaa==

===Somba===
Miidhaan sirna argansuu jalqaba waan akka qufaa(utaalloo) fakkaatee guyyaa muraasa kan turu yoo ta'u, itti aansee dhibee [[Nimooniyaa|nimooniyaa(pneumonia)]] fi miidhaa sirna argansuu guddaatu dhufa. Dhibeen kun nama ajjeessuun isaa 92% yoo ta'u, yoo yaaliin akkuma dhibeen kun jalqabeen kennameef garuu gara 45% gadi bu'a. Dhibee antiraaksii [[sombaa]] dhibee sirna argansuu isa kaanirraa dafanii adda baasun dhibeen kun dafee yaalii akka argatu gochuuf waan tajaajiluuf baayyee barbaachisaadha. Malli ittiin kana addaan baasanis kalaqamee jira. Dhibeen kun cimee deemnaan, ammuma fe'eyyuu yoo yaalii argate, carraan nama ajjeesuu isaa 97%.  

Dhibeen nama qabee kan amma nama ajjeessutti ga'uu yoo ispoorii(spore) naannoo 10,000-20,000 qilleensaan wajjin (yeroo hafuura baafatan) yoo gara qaamaa seene. Akkuma dhibee kaanii, carraan ittiin dhibeen kanaan qabaman nama tokkoorra nama biraatti gargar yoo ta'u, namoonni tokko tokko salphaatti saaxilamu; ragaan barreeffame ta'e kan giddu-galeessatti ispoorii meeqatu nama saaxila jedhu hin jiru. Antiraaksiin argansuun nama qabu kun dhibee warraa wuul footuu ykn warra wayyaa dulloomee gatame funaantuu jedhameet beekkama. Hojiiwwan kun bineensota dhibee kaan qabmaniif waan nama saaxiluuf warri hojii kana hojjatan salphaatti dhibee kanaaf saaxilamu. Hojiiwwan kanaaf nama saaxilan keessaa kan biraa gaanfaa bineensotaa kolbaa hojjachuuf caccabsuu, rifeensaa bineensotaa kan ittiin buruushii hojjatan tuttuquu, fi gogaa bineensotaa ti. Gogaan bineensaa kan dhibee kanaan du'an irraa kan dhufe ta'uu ykn ispooriin ittin godhamee lafa kan kaawwame ta'uun hin beekkamu. Malli kun dhibee kana akka meeshaa baayolojiikaawaa itti fayyadamuuf gargaara.    

===Garaachaa fi marrimaan===
Antraaksin [[Garaacha|garaachaa]] fi [[Marrimaan|marrimaanii]] nama kan qabu foon dhibee kanaan qabame nyaachun dhufa; mallattoon isaas dhukkubbii garaachaa fi marrimaanii, dhiiga hoqqisuu, albaatii hamaa, garaa gubaa marrimaanii fi nyaata jibbuu dha. Marrimaan, afaanii fi qoonqoon yeroo baayyee hin madaa'a. Erga baakteeriyaan kun garaa keessa faffaca'ee booda, itti aansun gara dhiigaatti darbee qaama keessa faffaca'a, summiis oomishuu ittuma fufa. Antiraaksin garaachaa fi marrimaanii yaallamuu kan danda'u yoo ta'u yaaliin dafee jalqabuu fi turuu isaarratti hunda'ee, carraa nama ajjeesuu 25%-60% ta'u qaba. Gosti antiraaksi kanaa bayyee xiqqaadha.   

===Kan Gogaa===
Antiraaksiin goaa namarratti madaa kan uumu yoo ta'u gidduun madaa kanaa hin gurraacha'a. Gurrachi madaa kanaa baayyee nama hin dhukkubu. Antiraaksiin gogaa kan inni ummamu bakka ispoorin itti gogaa namaa keessa seenetti yoo ta'u kunis erga seenee guyyaa 2 hanga 5tti jalqaba. Akka madaa kaanii odoo hin ta'in, madaan antiraaksii gogaa nama hin dhukkubu.   

Antiraaksiin gogaa kan uummamu erga ispoorin  [[Baasiles Antiraasis]](''Bacillus anthracis'') gogaa namaa kessaa karaa madaatin seenee booda. Gosti antiraaksii kun baayyinaan kan nama qabu yoo bineensota dhibee kanaan qabame/du'e tuqanii. 

Antiraaksiin goaa yoo yaalii argate yeroo baayyee nama hin ajjeesu, sababiinsaas miidhaan isaa gogaa irratti kan murtaa'e waan ta'eefi. Kunimmoo dhibeen kun qaama keessoo akka hin miine godha. Yoo yaalii argachuu baate, carraan nama ajjeesuu isaa 20% ta'a.  

==Ka'umsa==

===Baakteeriyaa===
[[File:Anthrax color enhanced micrograph.JPG|thumb|Color-enhanced [[Scanning electron microscope|scanning electron micrograph]] shows [[spleen|splenic tissue]] from a [[monkey]] with inhalational anthrax; featured are rod-shaped [[bacilli]] (yellow) and an [[red blood cell|erythrocyte]] (red).]]
[[File:Gram Stain Anthrax.jpg|thumb|Gram-positive anthrax bacteria (purple rods) in [[cerebrospinal fluid]] sample. If present, a Gram-negative bacterial species would appear pink. (The other cells are [[white blood cell]]s).]]
Baasiles Antiraasisiin bifa ulee fakkaatu kan qabu baakteeriyaa eroobiikii (aerobic bacterium) ti; guddinii isaa naannoo maayikiroomeetirii 1 amma 9 ta'a. Baakteeriyaan kun dhibee akka inni fidu kan beekkame bara 1876 Rooberti Kookin ture. Rooberti Kook kana kan argate dhiiga sa'a dhibee kanaan qabamtee fudhatee, baakteeriyaa kana erga adda baasee booda hantuuta keessa kaa'e. Baakteeriyaan kun akka indoospooritti biyyee keessa taa'a, haala kanaan waggaa kurna baayyee turuu danda'a. Bineensonni biqiltuu nyaatan, yeroo marga dheedan ykn baala nyaatan qabamu, keessaahuu yeroo biqiltoota jabaataa, kan gubuu, fi qara qabu yeroo dheedan: sababiinsaas biqiltoonni akkasii madaa garaachaa fi/ykn marrimaanii uumuu waan danda'aniif, baakteeriyaan kun salphaatti karaa madaa kana tishuu keessa seenuu danda'a. Erga liqimfamee ykn madaarra bu'ee booda, baakteeriyaan kun saaxilamaa kana keessatti wal horuu jalqaba, dhukkubsataa qabame sanas guyyoota ykn torban muraasa keessatti ajjeesa. Insoospooronni bakka itti tishuu keessa seenan sanatti biqiluun sana booda karaa dhiigatiin gara liimfatiiksiitti faffaca'u, achittis wal horu.

[[Baakteeriyaa|Baakteeriyaan]] kun summii lama kan eksoo-tooksiin(exo-toxins) jedhamuu fi leetaal tooksiin (''lethal toxin'') jedhaman kan oomishuu yoo ta'u kan nama ajjeessuus summii kana. Doktoroonni du'a dhibee kanaan dhufe adda baasuf tokkoffaa tasa kan dhufe ta'uusaa, fi lammaffaa ammoo dhiiga gurraacha hin itinne kan qaama keessaa karaa uraa adda addaa yaa'un tilmaamuu danda'u. Erga dhukkubsataan du'ee booda, yeroo daqiiqaa muraasa hanga sa'a gabaabaa keessatti, baakteeriyaan antiraaksii baakteeriyaan an'eroobiikiin moo'amuudhaan ni balleessa. Haa ta'u malee,  baakteeriyaan antiraaksii kan dhiiga wajiin qaama keessaa ba'e ispoorii jabaataa uumuu danda'a. Baakteeriyaan tokkoo ispoorii tokko uuma. Maaltuu baakteeriyaa antiraaksii ispoorii akka uumu akka godhu amma ammaatti wanti beekkame hin jiru, garuu ooksijiinitti saaxilamuunii fi nyaata dhabuun shoora akka tabatu ni tilmaamama. Ispooriin, tokkicha uummamnaan balleessuuf baayyee ulfaataadha.      

Bineeldonni biqiltuu nyaatan (yeroo tokko tokko namoonnis) dhibee kanaan karaa argansuun kan qabaman akka kanatti: ispooronni qilleensa wajjin erga liqimfanii booda, qilleensaan hooffamuudhaan sombaa keessa alviyoolaa seenuu. Ispooronni somba keessaa seelota qulleessituun (scavenger cells - macrophages) fuudhamuudhaan karaa veeseloota xixiqqoo (small vessels - lymphatics) keessa hooffamudhaan gara liimfi noodii (lymph nodes) geeffamu. Miidhaan ispooronnii fi baasiilaayi qomarraan ga'u mallattoon dhibee qomma keenyarratti akka nutti dhaga'amu fi hafuura baafachuun akka ulfaatu godha. Erga liimfi noodii seenanii booda, ispooronni biqiluudhan gara [[baakteeriyaa|baakteeriyaatti]] jijjiiramu, achiis saffisaan wal horuu jalqabu. Wal hormaata kanaan seelota qulleessituu dhoosuun [[baakteeriyaa]] baayyeen [[dhiiga]] keessa seenee gara qaama hundaatti akka faffaca'u godhu. Erga [[dhiiga]] keessa seenaanii booda, [[baakteeriyaa|baakteeriyoonni]] baasilaayi kun pirootiinota sadi'i kan letha factor, edema factor, fi protective antigen jedhaman gadi lakkisa. Pirootiinonni sadanuu mataa isaanitti summii kan hin qabne yoo ta'u, walitti makamni isaanii garuu namaaf summii hamaa ta'a. Protective antigenin warreen lamaan hafan wajjin walitti makamuun summii lethal toxin fi edema toxin jedhamu uuma. [[Summii|Summiwwan]] kun miidhaa tishuu, dhangala'uu dhiigaa, fi du'a fidu. Yoo [[Antiibaayotiiksii|antiibaayotiiksiin]] turee kennameef, antiibaayotiiksiin baakteeriyaa kana yoo ajjeesee fixeyyuu, [[summii]] kanaan dhukubsataan sun ni du'a. Sababiinsaas summiin [[baakteeriyaa]] baasilaayiin uummame kun baayyina nama ajjeesuu danda'uun [[dhiiga]] keessatti waan hafuufi.   

Ammeenyi dhibee antiraaksii amala [[baakteeriyaa]] kanaa lamarratti hunda'aa: (i) [[polyglutamic acid|poly-D-glutamic acid capsule]], kan baakteeriya kana faagoosaayitoosisii(phagocytosis) neutrophils dhukkubsataa irraa dhowwu, fi (ii)  tripartite protein toxin, kan summii antiraaksii (anthrax toxin) jedhamu dha. Summiin antiraaksii makaa [[Pirootiinii|pirootiinota]] sadi'iitti: (i) protective [[antigen]] (PA), (ii) [[edema]] factor (EF), fi (iii) lethal factor (LF). PA fi LFn lethal toxin uumu, PA fi EF ammoo edema toxin uumu. Summiin lethal toxin du'aa yoo fidu, edema toxin ammoo dhiita'a tishuu/qaamaa fida.     

[[Seelii|Seeloota]] keessa seenuuf, endema fi lethal factor [[pirootiinii]] biraa kan baasiles antiraasis oomishu kan protective antigen jedhamutti fayyadamu. Protective antigen qabduu seelotaarratti argamu gosa lamatti of maxxansu. Inzaayiimii seelotaa kan pirooti'eez jedhamu PA bakka lamatti cabsa: PA&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt; fi PA&lt;sub&gt;63&lt;/sub&gt; tti. PA&lt;sub&gt;20&lt;/sub&gt;n marsaa summeessuu keessaa bahee waan seelota ala turutti jijjiiraama. PA&lt;sub&gt;63&lt;/sub&gt;n garuu sana booda caccabaa PA&lt;sub&gt;63&lt;/sub&gt; kan biraa ja'a wajjin oligomerize gochuun prepore uuma; kunis bifa geengoo qaba. Erga bifa kana erga godhatee booda, EF ykn LF sadi'i wajjin walitti qabachuun resistant complex uuma. Itti aanuun karaa rissepteroota seelootaatin endocytosis geggeeffama, karaa kanaan summiin kun seelota keessa seenuun keessoo seelotaa argata. Naannoon asidaawaa kan endosome keessaa kun heptamer akka LF ykn/fi EF cystosolitti gadi lakkisu godha. Akkamitti akka summiin kun seelota ajjeesu garuu sirriitti hin beekkamu.

===Saaxilamuu===
Namoonni baayyeen dhibee kanatti karaa ittiin saaxilaman keessaa inni guddaan iddoo hojiitti bineeldota dhukkubstan ykn bu'aa bineeldota dhukkubsatanii (gogaa, foon, fi rifeensa(wool)) tti saxilamuudhaani. Hojjattoonni bineeldota du'anii fi bu'aa bineeldotaa kanaaf saaxilaman balaa dhibee kanaa guddaa keessa seenu, keessahuu biyyoota dhibeen kun baayyatu keessatti. Horiin yeroo goodatti bayee marga dheedu, bineensota daggalaa wajjin walitti makamuu waan danda'aniif, dhibeen antiraaksii darbee darbee karaa kana ni dhufa. Hojjattoonni baayyeen rifeensa uffata ta'urra (wool) fi gogaarra hojjatan ispoorii antiraaksii xiqqoodhaaf ni saaxilamu, garuu saaxilamni akkasii kun baayyensaa dhibee antiraaksii fiduuf ga'aa miti. Ittisni qaamaa saaxilama xixiqqaa akkasii kana ofirraa dhowwuu danda'a jedhamee yaaddama. Namoonni kun yeroo qabaman gosa dhibee kanaa kan antiraaksii gogaa jedhamuun qabamu. Seena dheeraa keessatti, antiraaksiin qilleensa wajjin seenu inni hamaan  Woolsorters' disease jedhama, sababni isaas iddoo hojiitti namoota wool foo'an waan qabuufi. Yeroo amma, dhibeen karaa kana dhufu bineensonni dhibee kanaan qabaman waan hin jirreef baayyee xiqqaadha. Fakkeenyaaf, biyya [[USA]] keessatti dhibeen karaa kanaan nama qabe, yeroo dhumaaf bara 1976 yoo ta'u, kunis wool biyya Paakistaanii dhuferraa kan aka'e ture.    

==Ittisuu==

===Talaallii===
Talaalliin antiraaksii kan loonii fi namootaaf kennamu seenaa qorichaa keessatti iddoo guddaa qaba, argannoo [[Luuwii Paaster]] horiirratti godhe kan jaarraa 19ffaadhaa hanga oomisha ammayyaa (Bio Thrax) jaarraa 20ffaa keessa loltoota [[USA|Ameerikaa]] waraanaa baayoloojikaawaarraa dhowwuuf ooletti dabalatee. Talaalliin antiraaksii kan namootaa [[Tokkummaa Sooviyeet]] keessatti bara 1930n keessa yoo hojjatamu, [[USA]] fi [[UK]] keessatti ammoo bara 1950n keessa hojjatame. Kan yeroo ammaa TNQ(FDA) USAn fudhatame fayyadamaa jirru bara 1960n keessa oomishame. 

Yeroo ammaa, talaalliin antiraaksii kan namaa gosa acellular([[USA]]) fi live spore([[Raashiyaa]]) kennama. Talaalliin amma kennaman hundi mallattoo murtaawaa fi waliigalaa dhibee (madaa, qaamni hoo'uu, gogaan qaamaa diimachuu) agarsiisa; namoota naannoo 1% ta'an ammoo miidhaa jabaan irra ga'uu danda'aa. 

==Yaaluu==
Antiraaksin namarraa namatti qajeeltodhaan hin darbu, garuu uffannii fi qaamni namaa ispoorii antiraaksin faallamuu danda'a. Faallama kana balleessuuf, saamunaa farra jarmii fi bishaanin sirriitti miccuu barbaachisa. Bishaan faallame qulqulleessuuf farra jarmiitin yaaluu barbaachisa. Meeshaalee biraa qulqulleessuuf, meeshaa sana daqiiqaa 30 ol danfisuu/affeeluu barbaachisa. Kilooriniin yaalun ispoorii balleessurratti bayyee bu'aa kan hin qabne yoo ta'u  formaldehyden fayyadamuun garuu bu'aa qaba. Uffata faallame gubuunis mala biraa ittin ispoorota balleessani. Erga ispoorin mala kanaan balleessinee booda, nama dhibee kana qabu namoota biraarraa adda qooduun barbaachisaa miti.       

===Antiibaayotiiksii===
[[Antiibayotiiksii|Antiibayotiiksiidhaan]] dafanii yaaluun baayyee murteessaa dha - yaaliin yoo turee jalqabe carraa fayyisuu isaa baayyee xiqqeessa. 

Yaaliin dhibee antiraaksii fi dhibee baakteeriyaan dhufan kan biraa antiibayotiiksii akka  [[fluoroquinolone]]s (like [[ciprofloxacin]]), [[doxycycline]], [[erythromycin]], [[vancomycin]], or [[penicillin]] doozii baayyee liqimsuu fi waraannachuu barbaada. TNQ kan mirkaneeffaman ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, fi penicillin dabalata.

Antiraaksi qilleensa wajjin somba seenuuf, dafanii antiibayotiiksii prophylaxis yaalun du'aa oolchuuf baayyee murteessaa dha.  

Caamsaa 2009tti,  Human Genome Sciences eeyyama [[Biologic License Application]] qorichaasaa haaradhaaf galchate, qorichi kun [[raxibacumab]] kan jedhamu yoo ta'u antiraaksii qilleensa wajjin seenuf yaaluuf tajaajila. Yoo dhukkubsataan antiraaksiin du'e, reeffa sana kobaatti adda baasanii kaa'un  jarmiin antiraaksii akka hin baballanne dhowwa. Reeffa awwaaluun ispoorii antiraaksii hin ajjeesu.  

Waggaa as dhihoo keessa, qoricha antiraaksii haaraa oomishuuf yaaliin adda addaa godhaama jira, garuu qorich duraan jiruyyuu yoo yaaliin yeroodhaan kennamuu jalqabe dhibee kanarraa ni fayyisa.  

===Monoclonal antibodies===
Mudde 14, 2012tti, TNQ [[USA]] raxibacumab antiraaksii qilleensaan seenuu yaaluu akka limmoodhaan kennamu eeyyame. Raxibacumab antiibodii monoclonial kan summii Baasiles Antiraasisiin uummamu sana halaksiisa. Summiin kun tishuurratti miidhama hin fayyinee fi du'a fida.  Antiibodii monoclonial kun [[pirootiinii]] antiibodii namaa fakkaatu yoo ta'u qaamota alaa nama keessa seenan kan akka [[baakteeriyaa]] fi [[vaayiresii]] barbaadanii balleessa. 

==Seenaa==

===Jechichuma===
Maqaan antiraaksii jedhu kan dhufe jecha [[Giriik]] ''anthrax[''άνθραξ''] ''irraa yoo ta'u jechi kun maqaa 'dhagaa cilee' (coal) ture. Maqaan kun kan kennameefis miidhaa dhibeen kun gogaa qaamarraan ga'uu bifa gurraachaa waan qabuu fi. Dhibeen kun kan qoratamee argame bara 1876 Rooberti Kookin ture.

===Argamargama===
Doktoriin lammii [[Jarmanii]] [[Rooberti Kook]] baakteeriyaa dhibee antiraaksii fidu yeroo jalqabaatiif bara 1875 Wolsztynitti argate. Argannoon isaa kan jaarraa 19ffaa gara dhumaa keessaa kun, dhibeen lubbu qabeeyyii ijaan hin mullanne (microbe) xixiqqoodhaan akka dhufu hubachiise. Yaalii (experiment) gurguddaa hojjateen, Rooberti Kook marsaa jireenyaa fi mala ittiin antiraaksiin darbu adda baasee argate. Yaaliin isaa kun antiraaksii hubachuuf qofa odoo hin taane, dhibeen lubbu qabeeyyii ijaan hin mullanne (microbe) akka dhufu hubachiisu keessatti ga'ee guddaa qaba; sana dura dhibeen karaa ittiin dhufu hin beekkamu ture. Kook ittuma fufuudhaan akkataa dhibeewwan biraa ittiin darban qorate. Kanaafis, Badhaasaa Noobelii kan bara 1905 baakteeriyaa tuberkiloosis (dhukkuba somba) fidu waan argateef badhaafame.
===Talaallii Jalqabaa===
Caamsaa 1881tti, [[Luuwii Paaster]] yaalii uummataaf banaa ta'e kan yaadaa talaallii agarsiisu geggeesse. Paaster garee lamaan hoolota 25, re'ee tokko, fi saawwan muraasa qopheesse. Horii garee tokko keessa jiraniif talaalliin Paaster qopheesse garaa garummaa guyyaa kudha shan gidduutti si'a lama kennameef, garee kan lammataatii garuu talaallin wayiituu hin kennamneef. Erga talaalliin jalqabaa kennamee guyyaa soddoma booda, gareen lamaanuu baakteeriyaa antiraaksii lubbuu qabu waraannaman. Horiin garee talaallii hin fudhatin keessa turan hundi yoo dua'an, horiin garee talaallii fudhatan keessa jiran tokkollee hin duune.  

Talaalliin antiraaksii kan namaa bara 1954 gadi lakkifame. Talaalliin kun kan [[seelii]] hin qabne dha, kan Paaster horiidhaaf fayyadame seelii lubbuu qabu ture. Talaalliin seelii hin qabne irra fooyya'aan bara 1970tti bahe. 

==Kanas Ilaali==
* Meeshaa ittii antiraaksii qoranii argan
* [[Talaallii Antiraaksii]]
* [[Summii antiraaksii]]

==Wabii==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Liinkii Alaa==
{{Commonscat|Anthrax (disease)}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061121011722/http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp Anthrax], [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)
* {{CDCDiseaseInfo|anthrax}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131013053205/http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/pubs.html US EPA National Homeland Security Research Center Publications]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/anthrax/ CDC - Anthrax - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic]
* {{ECDC|anthrax|Anthrax}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715050920/http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/biography/biography/history-louis-pasteur-biography.html Louis Pasteur and the Anthrax Vaccine]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125031239/http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/focus/agents_diseases/fact_sheets/anthrax.html Agent Fact Sheet: Anthrax], [[Center for Biosecurity]]
* {{cite web|title=Anthrax |work=CDC Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases |url=http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/anthrax_gi.html |accessdate=17 June 2005 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080801165512/http://www.logicalimages.com/resourcesBTAgents.htm Bioterrorism Category A Agents – Information Resources]
* {{cite web |title=''Bacillus anthracis'' and anthrax |work=Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology (University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology) |url=http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Anthrax.html |accessdate=17 June 2005 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050619085321/http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Anthrax.html |archivedate=19 June 2005 |deadurl=no }}
* {{cite web |title=Focus on anthrax |work=Nature.com |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/anthrax/index.html |accessdate=17 June 2005 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050712070020/http://www.nature.com/nature/anthrax/index.html |archivedate=12 July 2005 |deadurl=no }}
* [http://publicservice.evendon.com/DOJAnthraxIvinsM.htm 2008 Ivins Court Documents and DOJ Report]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in convenient form.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110106071145/http://patricbrc.org/portal/portal/patric/Taxon?cType=taxon&amp;cId=1392 Bacillus anthracis] genomes and related information at [http://patricbrc.org/ PATRIC], a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by [http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ NIAID]
* [http://www.pdbe.org/emsearch/anthrax* 3D electron microscopy structures of Anthrax toxin proteins at the EM Data Bank(EMDB)]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://biosecuritycommons.org/index.php?title=Anthrax Timeline resources and general review of anthrax in a security context] at Biosecurity Commons, a wiki database

[[Category:Dhukkuba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>GORSA</title>
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        <username>~2026-51263-47</username>
        <id>14655</id>
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      <comment>Akkaataa galumsa dubbii Afaan Oromootti dogoggoroota qubee waan qabuufan sirreesse!</comment>
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'''WAA SADI, WAAN SADI SITTI HIN FAKKAATIN..'''

• Dubbachuun beekkumsa,

• Obsuun wallaalummaa

• Nama kabajuun sodaa sitti hinfakkaatin

'''WAA SADI, WAAN SADI HIN SE’IN'''

• Nama beektu hunda fira kee,

• Kan siin lolu hunda diina kee,

• Badiirraa si dhorku hammeenya hin se’in.

'''WAA SADI HIN HAWWIN.'''

• Bokokni quufaa mitii,

• Abaarsi eebbaa mitii,

• Summiin qorichaa mitii hin hawwin.

'''NAMA SADI, WAAN SADI JETTEE HIN TILMAAMIN.'''

• Nama kolfu hunda gammadaa,

• Nama dureessa hunda arjaa,

• Nama dhabaa hunda dogna jettee hin tilmaamin.

'''WAA SADI WAAN SADIIF JAALLADHU'''

• Aadaan kee eenyummaa keeti,

• Afaan kee mallattoo keetii,

• Sabni kee dhiiga keeti jaalladhu.

'''WAA SADI HUBATTU MALEE HIN SEENIN'''

• Dubbii keessa hin beekne,

• Bishaan gad fageenya isaa hin beekne,

• Imala daandii isaa hin beekne hubattu malee hin seenin.

[[Jajjaboo]] Sabaatin 


♧ '''Oromoon waa sadi (3) jaalata.'''

1) Adii jaalata = Aannan

2) Aduu jaalata

3) Oduu jaalata

♧ '''Waa sadi (3) dura badde'''

1) Wollaalaan ykn Makkalli dura bade,

2) Doyn'i ykn Doqni dura bade

3) Lunni ykn Luyni dura bade

♧ '''Waa sadi (3) tura badde'''

1) Jaarsi hayyuun yoo dulloomee manatti galee, ijoolleefi dubartiin &quot;Jaarsa sanitti waa kennaa&quot; eddoo jedhaniin gaye = Tura bade

2) Fardi Sangaan, ari'ee dhaqqabu, ka dheessee jalaa bayu, yoo dulloomaa manatti galee &quot; Maxaana sanii bishaan buuftanii?&quot; eddoo jedhamu gaye = Tura bade.

3) Gootni ija barbaadaa, ka yoo inni dubbatu namni jala hin qufaane yoo dulloomee manatti galee, beeraa fi ijoolleen yoo inni waa dubbatu &quot; Qaaquma jaarsa kanaa dhabbane, qaaqee hin haru&quot; eddoo jedhaniin gaye = Tura bade

Murad Seid</text>
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        <username>~2026-51263-47</username>
        <id>14655</id>
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      <comment>Dogoggora dubbii sirna qubeessuu fi looga afaan Oromoo keessatti uumame muraasa waan qabuuf irra deebiin sirreessuu barbaachise!</comment>
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'''WAA SADI, WAAN SADI SITTI HIN FAKKAATIN..'''

• Dubbachuun beekkumsa,

• Obsuun wallaalummaa

• Nama kabajuun sodaa sitti hinfakkaatin

'''WAA SADI, WAAN SADI HIN SE’IN'''

• Nama beektu hunda fira kee,

• Kan siin lolu hunda diina kee,

• Badiirraa si dhorku hammeenya hin se’in.

'''WAA SADI HIN HAWWIN.'''

• Bokokni quufaa mitii,

• Abaarsi eebbaa mitii,

• Summiin qorichaa mitii hin hawwin.

'''NAMA SADI, WAAN SADI JETTEE HIN TILMAAMIN.'''

• Nama kolfu hunda gammadaa,

• Nama dureessa hunda arjaa,

• Nama dhabaa hunda dogna jettee hin tilmaamin.

'''WAA SADI WAAN SADIIF JAALLADHU'''

• Aadaan kee eenyummaa keeti,

• Afaan kee mallattoo keetii,

• Sabni kee dhiiga keeti jaalladhu.

'''WAA SADI HUBATTU MALEE HIN SEENIN'''

• Dubbii keessa hin beekne,

• Bishaan gad fageenya isaa hin beekne,

• Imala daandii isaa hin beekne hubattu malee hin seenin.

[[Jajjaboo]] Sabaatin 


♧ '''Oromoon waa sadi (3) jaalata.'''

1) Adii jaallata = Aannan

2) Aduu jaallata

3) Oduu jaallata

♧ '''Waa sadi (3) dura badde'''

1) Wallaalaan ykn Makkalli dura bade,

2) Doqni dura bade

3) Luqni dura bade

♧ '''Waa sadi (3) tura badde'''

1) Jaarsi hayyuun yoo dulloomee manatti galee, ijoollee fi dubartiin &quot;Jaarsa sanitti waa kennaa&quot; eddoo jedhaniin gaye = Tura bade

2) Fardi Sangaan, ari'ee dhaqqabu, ka dheessee jalaa bayu, yoo dulloomaa manatti galee &quot; Maxaana sanii bishaan buuftanii?&quot; eddoo jedhamu gaye = Tura bade.

3) Gootni ija barbaadaa, kan yeroo inni dubbatu namni hin qufaane yeroo dulloomee manatti galee, beeraa fi ijoolleen yeroo inni waa dubbatu &quot; Qaaquma jaarsa kanaa dhabbane, qaaqee hin haru&quot; eddoo jedhaniin gaye = Tura bade

Murad Seid</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shahnez Boushaki</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
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      <text bytes="12950" sha1="l5x0iloqh8np6irao0fb4t558263vf7" xml:space="preserve">'''Shahnez Boushaki''' (bara dhalootaa Guraandhala 22, 1985) taphattuu kubbaa kaachhoo (basketball) [[Aljeeriyaa]] yoo taatu, garee kubbaa kaachhoo biyyoolessaa Garee Ispoortii Boba'aa fi garee kubbaa kaachhoo dubartootaa Aljeeriyaa taphatti.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/afrobasketwomen/2015/player/Shahnez-Boushaki Shahnez BOUSHAKI (ALG)'s profile — Afrobasket Women 2015 — FIBA.basketball]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Shahnez-Boushaki/Algeria/GS-Petroliers-Alger/228958 Shahnez Boushaki Player Profile, GS Petroliers Alger, News, Stats — AfroBasket]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2 Shahnez Boushaki]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tapha kilabii ==
Boushaki bara 2002 irraa eegalee [[Kilabii Moulouduia Aljeers jedhamuun beekama]]'f bara dorgommii saddeet taphatte, bara dorgommii ishee jalqabaa achitti shamizii diimaa uffatte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104229/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/424110 Djazairess : Basketball/Coupe d’Algérie (Dames): le GS Pétroliers remporte le trophée face à l’OC Alger (73-55)]&lt;/ref&gt;

Hojii ogummaa ishee kan jalqabde [[Garee Ispoortii Boba'aa]] kan waancaa kubbaa miilaa dubartootaa Aljeeriyaa bara 2010. Boushaki waancaa kubbaa miilaa dubartootaa Aljeeriyaa bara 2015 garee ishee Garee Ispoortii Boba'aa waliin tapha xumuraa irratti dorgomaa isaanii Kilabii Olompikii Aljeers qabxii 73–55n injifatte injifatte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091721/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/179295 Djazairess : Basket-Ball : Coupe D’Algerie Seniors Dames]&lt;/ref&gt;

Garee ishee Garee Ispoortii Boba'aa waliin dorgommii kubbaa miilaa hedduu bu’uura Shaampiyoonaa Kubbaa Miilaa Kilabii Arabaa keessatti hirmaatteetti, isaanis:

* &quot;Shaampiyoonaa Kubbaa Miilaa Kilabii Dubartoota Arabaa 2014&quot; biyya Masriitti gaggeeffame.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217092258/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/109326 Djazairess : Le GSP premier qualifié pour les demies]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104737/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/412577 Djazairess : Basket/Championnat arabe (Dames) : le GS Pétroliers premier qualifié pour les demi-finales]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Shaampiyoonaa Kubbaa Miilaa Kilabii Dubartoota Arabaa 2016 3x3&quot; magaalaa Sharjaahitti.&lt;ref&gt;[https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/915a56d8-b057-4cfc-bfc9-8bf7a7972fab/teams The Arab Clubs 3x3 Championship For Women]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091225/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/448403 Djazairess : Championnat arabe de basket-ball dames (3x3) : le GS Pétroliers remporte le trophée]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091416/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/204252 Djazairess : Basket-ball]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101504/https://www.djazairess.com/aps/435621 جزايرس : البطولة العربية للأندية لكرة السلة سيدات (3x3): تتويج المجمع البترولي باللقب]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hojii idil-addunyaa ==
Boushaki bara 2010 irraa eegalee miseensa garee kubbaa miilaa biyyaalessaa Aljeeriyaa turte.Bara 2017tti miseensa garee kubbaa miilaa biyyoolessaa Aljeeriyaa kan waancaa shaampiyoonaa kilaboota dubartootaa FIBA Afrikaa bara 2017f darbu turte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/article/20150420/37727.html Afrobasket 2015 — Eliminatoires (Z1) : les basketteuses algériennes en stage | Radio Algérienne]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://afrique444.rssing.com/chan-34688798/article304-live.html ALGERIE : finale de coupe d’Algérie (Dames) GSP — OCA (73-55) : le plein pour les Pétrolières]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220222111809/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/10875 Djazairess : Supporteurs algériens : Arrivée du premier groupe]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FIBA ===
Sadarkaa olaanaatti dorgommiiwwan zoonii FIBA Afrikaa afur irratti hirmaatteetti:

* &quot;Shaampiyoonaa FIBA Afrikaa Dubartootaa bara 2013&quot; Moozaambikiitti.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dknews-dz.com/article/33345-basket-ball-equipe-nationale-dames-les-basketteuses-algeriennes-en-preparation-a-alger.html Sports : Basket-ball / Equipe nationale (dames) : Les basketteuses algériennes en préparation à Alger]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220215104128/http://www.newsbasket-beafrika.com/article-afrobasket-2013-les-algeriennes-sont-a-maputo-120149417.html Afrobasket 2013: Les Algériennes sont à Maputo — NEWS BASKET BEAFRIKA]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217102537/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/428533 Djazairess : Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104949/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/1436223 Djazairess : Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217092833/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemidi/1309191302 Djazairess : La sélection algérienne quitte Alger pour Maputo]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101443/https://www.djazairess.com/elkhabar/355955 جزايرس : تجديد العهد مع المنافسة القارية بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101453/https://www.djazairess.com/alseyassi/15196 جزايرس : بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101445/https://www.djazairess.com/algeriapress/12734 جزايرس : المنتخب الجزائري يجدد العهد مع المنافسة القارية بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Shaampiyoonaa FIBA Afrikaa Dubartootaaf bara 2015&quot; Kaameeruunitti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche {{!}} El Watan |url=https://www.elwatan.com/archives/sports-archives/le-basket-ball-national-feminin-se-cherche-20-09-2013 |access-date=2022-06-23 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215111040/https://www.elwatan.com/archives/sports-archives/le-basket-ball-national-feminin-se-cherche-20-09-2013 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220215110956/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/177836 Djazairess : Basket-ball : éliminatoires de l’Afrobasket-2015 dames]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217083829/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/241620 Djazairess : Les Algériennes en préparation à Alger]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217090113/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/421853 Djazairess : Afrobasket-2015 (éliminatoires): les Algériennes visent la qualification]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diarra se distingue dans la victoire du Sénégal face à l’Algérie — BasketMali |url=https://www.basketmali.com/en/diarra-se-distingue-dans-la-victoire-du-senegal-face-a-lalgerie/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |archive-date=2022-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220162447/https://www.basketmali.com/en/diarra-se-distingue-dans-la-victoire-du-senegal-face-a-lalgerie/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=News — African Sports Monthly |url=http://www.africansportsmonthly.com/1/post/2015/09/diarra-stands-out-as-senegal-beat-algeria.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |archive-date=2022-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095619/http://www.africansportsmonthly.com/news/diarra-stands-out-as-senegal-beat-algeria |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Waancaa Shaampiyoonsi Kilaboota Dubartootaa FIBA Afrikaa bara 2016&quot; Moozaambikiitti.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085953/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/259879 Djazairess : Coupe d’Afrique des clubs champions de basket-ball (dames)]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085544/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/122699 Djazairess : Mission difficile pour le GS Pétroliers à Maputo]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085345/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/449489 Djazairess : Basket/Coupe d’Afrique des clubs champions dames: mission difficile pour le GS Pétroliers à Maputo]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217103156/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/197681 Djazairess : Les Pétrolières peaufinent leur préparation en Tunisie]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/coupe-d-afrique-des-clubs-champions-de-4462193-Articles-0-0-1.html Coupe d’Afrique des clubs champions de basket-ball (dames) ALGERIE | vitaminedz]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Les+Petrolieres+peaufinent+leur+preparation+en+Tunisie-a0470939408 Les Petrolieres peaufinent leur preparation en Tunisie. — Free Online Library]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101448/https://www.djazairess.com/aps/436492 جزايرس : كرة السلة — كأس إفريقيا للأندية البطلة (سيدات): مهمة عسيرة للمجمع البترولي في مابوتو]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Waancaa Shaampiyoonsi Kilaboota Dubartootaa FIBA Afrikaa bara 2017&quot; Angoolaatti.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085345/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/271023 Djazairess : Le GS Pétroliers vise le dernier carré]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085541/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lexpression/279525 Djazairess : Les Dames du GSP visent le dernier carré]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217103209/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/465217 Djazairess : Basket/Championnat d’Afrique des clubs champions (dames): le GS Pétroliers vise le dernier carré]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tapha Afrikaa ===
Garee ishee GS Pétroliers waliin dorgommii kubbaa miilaa adda addaa bu’uura tapha Afrikaa keessatti hirmaatteetti, isaanis:&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144308/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html archive.fiba.com: Players]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220219130717/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/9643/tid/233/_/2013_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html Shahnez Boushaki's profile | 2013 FIBA Africa Championship for Women | ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220204170649/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321166 Djazairess : Afrobasket 2013 (dames) : la sélection algérienne quitte Alger pour Maputo]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220220122939/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/11380/tid/233/_/2015_Afrobasket_Women_Final_Round/index.html Shahnez Boushaki's profile | 2015 Afrobasket Women | ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220219103010/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/12764/_/2016_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html Shahnez Boushaki's profile | 2016 FIBA Africa Champions Cup for Women | ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.aps.dz/sport/65217-basket-championnat-d-afrique-des-clubs-champions-dames-le-gs-petroliers-vise-le-dernier-carre&lt;/ref&gt;

* &quot;Tapha Afrikaa 2011&quot; Moozaambiik keessatti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://wikioes.icu/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2011_All-Africa_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#_Algeria |access-date=2022-06-23 |archive-date=2022-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095438/https://wikioes.icu/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2011_All-Africa_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#_Algeria |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217083832/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/203466 Djazairess : Les basketteuses algériennes à Istanbul]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101408/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/51003 جزايرس : أحمد لوباشرية (المدير الفني الوطني لكرة السلة) ل '&amp;#39;المساء'&amp;#39;:‏]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101424/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/50659 جزايرس : المنتخب الوطني النسوي لكرة السلة]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Tapha Afrikaa 2015&quot; Rippabiliika Koongootti.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.todor66.com/basketball/Africa/Women_AG_2015.html Women Basketball XI Africa Games 2015 Brazzaville (CGO) Wednesday 09.09 — Friday 18.09 — Winner Mali]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101504/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/108883 جزايرس : استعدادات مكثفة للبطولة والألعاب الإفريقية]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Wabii==
{{Reflist}}

== Hidhamtoota alaa ==
* {{Commonscat|Shahnez Boushaki}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/shahnez.boushaki Profaayilii Facebook irratti]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144308/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html Profaayilii FIBA irratti]
* [https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Shahnez-Boushaki/Algeria/GS-Petroliers-Alger/228958?Women=1 Profaayilii AfroBasket irratti]
* [https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2 Profaayilii FIBA 3x3 irratti]

[[Category:Lammiilee Aljeeriyaa]]
[[Category:Aljeeriyaa Beekkamoo]]
[[Category:Kubba Kaachoo]]
[[Category:Ispoortii]]</text>
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