Oksíhenu

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  <page>
    <title>Oksíhenu</title>
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      <text bytes="2381" sha1="cmvlf8y8e96fkxoq0fn8ec6m2e9k828" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox oxygen}}
{{otheruses}}
Ing '''Oksíhenu''' metung yang [[elementu chemical]] a atin chemical symbol '''O''' at [[atomic number]] 8. Ing katayang ''oksíhenu'' menibat ya kareng aduang uyat  a amanung [[Ancient Greek|Greek]], ''οξύς (oxys)'' (acidu, kabalugan a matulid, matilus) at ''-γενής (-genēs)'' (makapalto, kabaldugan talakua). 


== Dalerayan ==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/AtData/main_asd Nist atomic spectra database]
* [http://chartofthenuclides.com/default.html Nuclides and Isotopes Fourteenth Edition] {{Wayback|url=http://chartofthenuclides.com/default.html |date=20110202125304 }}: Chart of the Nuclides, [[General Electric Company]], 1989
* A. Szydlo, &quot;Water which does not wet hands - The Alchemy of Michael Sendivogius&quot;, Warsaw Institute for the History of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1994.

== Ding suglung palual ==
{{Commons|Oxygen}}
{{wiktionary|oxygen}}
* {{McGrawHillAnimation|biochemistry|Oxygen%20Carbon%20Dioxide}}
* [http://www.priestleysociety.net Priestley Society, Dedicated to Joseph Priestley the man who discovered oxygen]
* [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/8.html Los Alamos National Laboratory – Oxygen] {{Wayback|url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/8.html |date=20071026034224 }}
* [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/O/index.html WebElements.com – Oxygen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/O/index.html |date=20080516055211 }}
* [http://www.rsbs.anu.edu.au/O2 Molecular Oxygen Site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rsbs.anu.edu.au/O2 |date=20070515050656 }}
* [http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele008.html It's Elemental – Oxygen] {{Wayback|url=http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele008.html |date=20150802052440 }}
* [http://www.uigi.com/oxygen.html Oxygen (O2) Properties, Uses, Applications]
* [http://www.compchemwiki.org/index.php?title=Oxygen Computational Chemistry Wiki]
* [http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/oxygen.shtm Oxidizing Agents &gt; Oxygen]
* [http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/29647/page/1 Recent Roald Hoffman article on &quot;The Story of O&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/29647/page/1 |date=20170223212610 }}
{{ChemicalSources}}

{{E number infobox 930-949}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oksihenu}}
[[Category:Ding elementung kímiku]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tablang periodiku da ring elementu</title>
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      <text bytes="12821" sha1="rid3aw665f5by0wbvlf38jq7b7rgaya" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;
Ini ing karaniwan a display keng '''periodic table da ring elementu'''. Para keng karadagan a informasyun at ing kayang kalamnan at amlat, lawen ye ing articulung [[Periodic table]].
----
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width:80%; {{{1|}}}&quot;
|-
! width=&quot;1.0%&quot; | [[Periodic table group|Group]]&amp;nbsp;→
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Alkali metal       |1]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Alkaline earth metal|2]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 3 element    |3]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 4 element    |4]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 5 element    |5]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 6 element    |6]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 7 element    |7]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 8 element    |8]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 9 element    |9]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 10 element   |10]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 11 element   |11]] &lt;!-- also [[Coinage metal|11]] --&gt;
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Group 12 element   |12]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Boron group        |13]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Carbon group       |14]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Nitrogen group     |15]] &lt;!-- also [[Pnictogen|15]] --&gt;
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Chalcogen          |16]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Halogen            |17]]
! width=&quot;5.5%&quot; | [[Noble gas          |18]]
|-
! ↓&amp;nbsp;[[Periodic table period|Period]]
| colspan=&quot;19&quot;|&lt;br/&gt;
|-
! [[Period 1 element|1]]
| {{element cell| 1|hydrogen  |H |1.00794(7)    |Gas  |Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| colspan=&quot;16&quot;|&lt;br/&gt;
| {{element cell| 2|helium    |He|4.002602(2)   |Gas  |Noble gases|Primordial}}
|-
! [[Period 2 element|2]]
| {{element cell| 3|lithium   |Li|6.941(2)      |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell| 4|beryllium |Be|9.012182(3)   |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}}
| colspan=&quot;10&quot;|&lt;br/&gt;
| {{element cell| 5|boron     |B |10.811(7)     |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
| {{element cell| 6|carbon    |C |12.0107(8)    |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell| 7|nitrogen  |N |14.00674(7)   |Gas  |Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell| 8|oxygen    |O |15.9994(3)    |Gas  |Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell| 9|fluorine  |F |18.9984032(5) |Gas  |Halogens|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|10|neon      |Ne|20.1797(6)    |Gas  |Noble gases|Primordial}}
|-
! [[Period 3 element|3]]
| {{element cell|11|sodium    |Na|22.98976928(2)|Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|12|magnesium |Mg|24.3050(6)    |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}}
| colspan=&quot;10&quot;|&lt;br/&gt;
| {{element cell|13|aluminium |Al|26.9815386(8) |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|14|silicon   |Si|28.0855(3)    |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|15|phosphorus|P |30.973762(2)  |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|16|sulfur    |S |32.066(6)     |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|17|chlorine  |Cl|35.4527(9)    |Gas  |Halogens|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|18|argon     |Ar|39.948(1)     |Gas  |Noble gases|Primordial}}
|-
! [[Period 4 element|4]]
| {{element cell|19|potassium |K |39.0983(1)    |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|20|calcium   |Ca|40.078(4)     |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|21|scandium  |Sc|44.955912(6)  |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|22|titanium  |Ti|47.867(1)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|23|vanadium  |V |50.9415(1)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|24|chromium  |Cr|51.9961(6)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|25|manganese |Mn|54.938045(5)  |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|26|iron      |Fe|55.845(2)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|27|cobalt    |Co|58.933195(5)  |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|28|nickel    |Ni|58.6934(2)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|29|copper    |Cu|63.546(3)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|30|zinc      |Zn|65.39(2)      |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|31|gallium   |Ga|69.723(1)     |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|32|germanium |Ge|72.61(2)      |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|33|arsenic   |As|74.92160(2)   |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|34|selenium  |Se|78.96(3)      |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|35|bromine   |Br|79.904(1)     |Liquid|Halogens|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|36|krypton   |Kr|83.80(1)      |Gas  |Noble gases|Primordial}}
|-
! [[Period 5 element|5]]
| {{element cell|37|rubidium  |Rb|85.4678(3)    |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|38|strontium |Sr|87.62(1)      |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|39|yttrium   |Y |88.90585(2)   |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|40|zirconium |Zr|91.224(2)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|41|niobium   |Nb|92.90638(2)   |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|42|molybdenum|Mo|95.94(1)      |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|43|technetium|Tc|[97.9072]     |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|44|ruthenium |Ru|101.07(2)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|45|rhodium   |Rh|102.90550(2)  |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|46|palladium |Pd|106.42(1)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|47|silver    |Ag|107.8682(2)   |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|48|cadmium   |Cd|112.411(8)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|49|indium    |In|114.818(3)    |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|50|tin       |Sn|118.710(7)    |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|51|antimony  |Sb|121.760(1)    |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|52|tellurium |Te|127.60(3)     |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|53|iodine    |I |126.90447(3)  |Solid|Halogens|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|54|xenon     |Xe|131.29(2)     |Gas  |Noble gases|Primordial}}
|-
! [[Period 6 element|6]]
| {{element cell|55|caesium   |Cs|132.9054519(2)|Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|56|barium    |Ba|137.327(7)    |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|*|Lanthanides|  |              |Solid|Lanthanides|Undiscovered}}
| {{element cell|72|hafnium   |Hf|178.49(2)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|73|tantalum  |Ta|180.94788(2)  |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|74|tungsten  |W |183.84(1)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|75|rhenium   |Re|186.207(1)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|76|osmium    |Os|190.23(3)     |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|77|iridium   |Ir|192.217(3)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|78|platinum  |Pt|195.084(9)    |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|79|gold      |Au|196.966569(4) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|80|mercury   |Hg|200.59(2)  |Liquid|Transition metals|Primordial|mercury (element)}}
| {{element cell|81|thallium  |Tl|204.3833(2)   |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|82|lead      |Pb|207.2(1)      |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|83|bismuth   |Bi|208.98040(1)  |Solid|Poor metals|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|84|polonium  |Po|[208.9824]    |Solid|Metalloids|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|85|astatine  |At|[209.9871]    |Solid|Halogens|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|86|radon     |Rn|[222.0176]    |Gas  |Noble gases|Natural radio}}
|-
! [[Period 7 element|7]]
| {{element cell|87|francium      |Fr|[223.0197] |Solid|Alkali metals|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|88|radium        |Ra|[226.0254] |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|**|Actinides     |  |           |Solid|Actinides|Undiscovered}}
| {{element cell|104|rutherfordium|Rf|[263.1125] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|105|dubnium      |Db|[262.1144] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|106|seaborgium   |Sg|[266.1219] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|107|bohrium      |Bh|[264.1247] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|108|hassium      |Hs|[269.1341] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|109|meitnerium   |Mt|[268.1388] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|110|darmstadtium |Ds|[272.1463] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|111|roentgenium  |Rg|[272.1535] |Solid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|112|ununbium     |Uub|[277]     |Liquid|Transition metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|113|ununtrium    |Uut|[284]     |Solid|Poor metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|114|ununquadium  |Uuq|[289]     |Solid|Poor metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|115|ununpentium  |Uup|[288]     |Solid|Poor metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|116|ununhexium   |Uuh|[292]     |Solid|Poor metals|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|117|ununseptium  |Uus|[291]‡    |Solid|Halogens|Undiscovered}}
| {{element cell|118|ununoctium   |Uuo|[293]     |Gas  |Noble gases|Synthetic}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;21&quot;|&lt;br/&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|* '''[[Lanthanide]]s'''
| {{element cell|57|lanthanum   |La|138.90547(7)|Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|58|cerium      |Ce|140.116(1)  |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|59|praseodymium|Pr|140.90765(2)|Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|60|neodymium   |Nd|144.242(3)  |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|61|promethium  |Pm|[144.9127]  |Solid|Lanthanides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|62|samarium    |Sm|150.36(2)   |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|63|europium    |Eu|151.964(1)  |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|64|gadolinium  |Gd|157.25(3)   |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|65|terbium     |Tb|158.92535(2)|Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|66|dysprosium  |Dy|162.500(1)  |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|67|holmium     |Ho|164.93032(2)|Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|68|erbium      |Er|167.259(3)  |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|69|thulium     |Tm|168.93421(2)|Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|70|ytterbium   |Yb|173.04(3)   |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|71|lutetium    |Lu|174.967(1)  |Solid|Lanthanides|Primordial}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|** '''[[Actinide]]s'''
| {{element cell|89|actinium    |Ac|[227.0277]  |Solid|Actinides|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|90|thorium     |Th|232.03806(2)|Solid|Actinides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|91|protactinium|Pa|231.03588(2)|Solid|Actinides|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|92|uranium     |U |238.02891(3)|Solid|Actinides|Primordial}}
| {{element cell|93|neptunium   |Np|[237.0482]  |Solid|Actinides|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|94|plutonium   |Pu|[244.0642]  |Solid|Actinides|Natural radio}}
| {{element cell|95|americium   |Am|[243.0614]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|96|curium      |Cm|[247.0703]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|97|berkelium   |Bk|[247.0703]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|98|californium |Cf|[251.0796]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|99|einsteinium |Es|[252.0830]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|100|fermium    |Fm|[257.0951]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|101|mendelevium|Md|[258.0984]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|102|nobelium   |No|[259.1011]  |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
| {{element cell|103|lawrencium |Lr|[262.110]   |Solid|Actinides|Synthetic}}
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

'''Notes'''
*[[Lanthanide]]s are also known as &quot;[[rare earth element]]s&quot;, a deprecated term.  Regarding [[periodic table group|group]] membership of these elements, see [[group number of lanthanides and actinides|here]].
*Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, actinides, lanthanides, and poor metals are all collectively known as &quot;[[metal|metals]]&quot;.
*Halogens and noble gases are also non-metals.

{{PeriodicTablesKey}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Lawen ya rin ==
*[[Periodic table]]
*[[Periodic table (extended)]]
*[[Isotope table (complete)]]
*[[Table of nuclides]]

==Ding suglung palual ==
*[http://www.webelements.com WebElements.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/ |date=20140104110225 }}

*[http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab3.html NIST's X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients of Elements]
*[http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab1.html NIST's Table of Physical Properties of Elements]
*[http://periodic.lanl.gov/ Los Alamos version] (for American school children, but contains more of the history)
*[http://www.rotaperiod.com Rotaperiod.com - A New Periodic Table] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rotaperiod.com/ |date=20210227144902 }}

{{PeriodicTablesFooter}}

[[Category:Tablang periodiku| ]]</text>
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    <title>Gabriel de Curuzealegui</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Reino de Bulgaria</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Lilipat ya king [[Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Kadapa</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1711" sha1="bjcjego2e303fzw17s98dk6tx179qb7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name = Kadapa| 
type = city | 
latd = 14.47 | longd = 78.82|
locator_position = right | 
state_name = Andhra Pradesh |
district = [[Cuddapah district|Cuddapah]] |
leader_title = |
leader_name = |
altitude = 138|
population_as_of = 2001 |
population_total = 125,725| 
population_density = |
area_magnitude= km² |
area_total =  |
area_telephone = 91-8562  |
postal_code = 516001|
vehicle_code_range = AP04 |
sex_ratio = |
unlocode = |
website = www.kadapa.info|
footnotes = |
}}
Ing '''Kadapa''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: కడప), sadiang '''Cuddapah''', metung yang lakanbalen o ciudad king dake nang mauli-kalibudtan (''south-central'') ning estadu ning [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Iti ing pun tanggapan (''headquarters'') ning [[w:Kadapa District|Distritu ning Kadapa]]. 

==Dalerayan==
{{reflist}}

==Suglung palual==
* [http://manakadapa.com/ colourful webpages on kadapa information] {{Wayback|url=http://manakadapa.com/ |date=20090421135325 }}
* [http://cuddapah.ap.nic.in/ Kadapa Website] {{Wayback|url=http://cuddapah.ap.nic.in/ |date=20090218124547 }}
* [http://www.kadapa.info/ Favourite portal of Kadapa District]
* [http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/cuddapah.html District Profile]
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Cuddapah.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kadapa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Cuddapah.html |date=20171203095511 }}

{{1911}}

{{Major Cities of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Kadapa district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandals in Kadapa district]]</text>
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    <title>Kakinada</title>
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      <text bytes="27898" sha1="mvr7yizu24tnytboz2pq7pbbsik3qgg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction | 
|type                    = city
|native_name             = KAKINADA (a sadia rang ausang COCANADA)
|other_name              = 
|state_name              = Andhra Pradesh
|latd                    = 16.93
|longd                   = 82.33
|locator_position        = right
|area_total              = 42.3 
|area_rank               = 5
|area_metro              = 90.27 
|altitude                = 2 
|climate                 = Mildly Tropical 
|temp_annual             = 26
|temp_winter             = 24
|temp_summer             = 37.3
|region                  = Coastal Andhra
|district                = [[East Godavari]] 
|taluk_names             = Kakinada (Urban)
|population_total        = 504,920
|population_rank         = 5
|population_as_of        = 2001
|population_density      = 12223
|population_metro        = 803,340
|population_metro_rank   = 49
|population_metro_as_of  = 2001
|literacy                = 70
|official_languages      = Telugu
|leader_title_1          = Mayor
|leader_name_1           = K.Saroja
|leader_title_2          = Member of Parliament
|leader_name_2           = M.M.Pallam Raju
|leader_title_3          = Member of Legistlative Assembly
|leader_name_3           = M.Gopala Krishna, A.Bullabbay.Reddy
|parliament_const        = Kakinada
|assembly_const          = Kakinada City,Kakinada Rural
|civic agency            = Kakinada Municipal Corporation
|corp_wards              = 56
|area_telephone          = 91 884
|postal_code             = 533 0XX
|vehicle_code_range      = AP5,AP6
}}
&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction | 
|type                    = city
|native_name             = KAKINADA (a sadia rang ausang COCANADA)
|other_name              = 
|state_name              = Andhra Pradesh
|latd                    = 16.93
|longd                   = 82.33
|locator_position        = right
|area_total              = 42.3 
|area_rank               = 5
|area_metro              = 90.27 
|altitude                = 2 
|climate                 = Mildly Tropical 
|temp_annual             = 26
|temp_winter             = 24
|temp_summer             = 37.3
|region                  = Coastal Andhra
|district                = [[East Godavari]] 
|taluk_names             = Kakinada (Urban)
|population_total        = 504,920
|population_rank         = 5
|population_as_of        = 2001
|population_density      = 12223
|population_metro        = 803,340
|population_metro_rank   = 49
|population_metro_as_of  = 2001
|literacy                = 70
|official_languages      = Telugu
|leader_title_1          = Mayor
|leader_name_1           = K.Saroja
|leader_title_2          = Member of Parliament
|leader_name_2           = M.M.Pallam Raju
|leader_title_3          = Member of Legistlative Assembly
|leader_name_3           = M.Gopala Krishna, A.Bullabbay.Reddy
|parliament_const        = Kakinada
|assembly_const          = Kakinada City,Kakinada Rural
|civic agency            = Kakinada Municipal Corporation
|corp_wards              = 56
|area_telephone          = 91 884
|postal_code             = 533 0XX
|vehicle_code_range      = AP5,AP6
}}

Ing '''Kakinada'''  ([[Telugu]]: కాకినాడ){{audio|Kakinada.ogg|pronunciation}} metung yang lakanbalen o ciudad ampong metung a [[w:municipal corporation|municipal corporation]] king distritu ning [[w:East Godavari|Aslagang Godavari]] king [[Estadu ampong teritoriu ning India|estadu]] ning [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Iti ing pun tanggapan (''headquarters'') ning distritu ning Aslagang Godavari &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kakinada Information Portal&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://kakinada.ap.nic.in/HRC.htm |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2011-10-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017073502/http://kakinada.ap.nic.in/HRC.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dalerayan==
{{Reflist}}

==Suglung palual==
* [http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kakinada.htm About Kakinada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kakinada.htm |date=20160303173157 }}
* [http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kkdPort.htm Kakinada Port] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kkdPort.htm |date=20090202124409 }}

{{Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway stations in East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Mandals in East Godavari district]]

is a city and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[East Godavari]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is also the headquarters of East Godavari district. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kakinada Information Portal&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://kakinada.ap.nic.in/HRC.htm |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2011-10-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017073502/http://kakinada.ap.nic.in/HRC.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ing 

The city has a population of about 504,920([[agglomeration]] 803,340) as per 2001 census. This coastal city is witnessing rapid growth thanks to the recently granted [[Special Economic Zone]] status.  It is one of the largest tier-2 cities of India and the fourth largest city in A.P.  The city also has a deep-water [[port]] which is expanding rapidly.

The presence of a small island called [[Hope Island, India|Hope Island ]] about 5 km from Kakinada coast, makes Kakinada a natural Harbor. Prior to construction of the deep water port, the old anchorage port operated for several decades as the largest minor port in India. At present, both deep water port and older anchorage port operate side by side.

==Origin of the name==
* Kakinada is relatively a younger city compared to other major cities in Andhra pradesh. The city itself grew into prominence in the last 300 years after the European settlers arrived here and the British made it an administrative headquarters for the local area they ruled. 

* Several theories exist regarding the origin of the name Kakinada. The most popular and probably correct theory is that the place where the city was built was called 'Kaki nandiwada' during the reign of Nandi kings who ruled prior to the arrival of the Europeans. The name was truncated to Kakinada over the passage of time. 

* The first European [[settlers]] in this port city were the [[Dutch people|Dutch]], followed by the [[British Empire|British]] and then the [[missionaries]] of the [[Canadian Baptist Mission]] in 1874&lt;ref&gt;Frank Byrne, &quot;India: Birthplace of CBM&quot; in ''Mosaic'' a publication of the Canadian Baptist Ministries.  Winter 2008.  p 10.&lt;/ref&gt; 

* After Independence, it was renaturalized to Kakinada, although a few organisations established during the British colonial rule retain the old name (''e.g.'', Cocanada Chamber of Commerce).

* Kakinada is known as Second Madras. The original city that includes the central business district is a well planned city that is divided in several grids with main roads that are straight and are parallel which run across the city. 

* Kakinada is famous for the sweet named &quot;Kakinada kaja &quot; 

* Kakinada is the first place in Asia where the Bio Diesel plant is constructed.


==Geography==
Kakinada is located at {{coor d|16.93|N|82.22|E|}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kakinada |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Kakinada.html |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2007-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630012215/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Kakinada.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;. It has an average elevation of 2 [[metre]]s (6&amp;nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|feet]]). 

The 82 1/2 degrees east longitude, with respect to which [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] (Indian Standard Time) is calculated, passes through Kakinada.

Distances to other cities&lt;br&gt;
*[[Bangalore]] 856 km
*[[Chennai]] 684 km
*[[Guntur]] 248 km
*[[Kolkatta]] (Howrah) 1028 km
*[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] 523 km
*[[Mumbai]] 1234 km
*[[New Delhi]] 1848 km
*[[Rajahmundry]] 60 km
*[[Vijayawada]] 223 km
*[[Visakhapatnam]] 145 km

==Demographics==

[[As of 2001]] India [[census]]&lt;ref&gt;{{GR|India}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Kakinada had a population of 504,920. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Kakinada has an average literacy rate of about 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 65%. In Kakinada, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Civic administration==
The city of Kakinada is run by the Kakinada Municipal Corporation, run by elected representatives and a commissioner. The city is divided into 56 wards and each ward elects a corporator.A mayor is elected for the entire city. The commissioner who is a (IAS) officer is appointed by the state government. It has a dedicated Collector's office for Administration of State and Central Government Programmes.

==Transport==

* '''Air'''
The nearest airport is located at [[Rajahmundry]], about 65-km from the city has services to Hyderabad, [[Chennai]] and [[Visakhapatnam]]. [[Air Deccan]] and [[Kingfisher Airlines]] are the two airlines operating here. The nearest International airport is at Visakhapatnam at a distance of 145-km and has the services of all major airline operators to all big cities in the country.

* '''Rail'''
Kakinada has two railway stations namely Kakinada Junction(3km) and  Kakinada Port(8km). Both stations not on the Chennai-Visakhapatnam-Howrah line. One has to get down at Samalkot Junction(12km) where a few express and super fast trains stop to connect Kakinada with the important places of the country.

* '''Road'''
Good roads connect Kakinada with all the places within the state and also with major cities like Chennai and Bangalore. Transport by road from Kakinada to all the places of interest is in the form of Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) buses.There are non-stop services to Visakhapatnam and Rajahmundry 365 days-a-year. City buses, Taxis, Autorickshaws are the major means of transport within the city.Private bus operators provide transport services to various parts of the country. National Highway-214 runs through the heart of the city.

* '''Sea'''
Kakinada deep water port is the third largest in the state after Visakhapatnam's 2 ports(Visakhapatnam Port and Gangavaram Port) is operated by [http://www.kakinadaseaports.in/index.htm Kakinada Seaports Limited] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kakinadaseaports.in/index.htm |date=20081027110929 }}. Before the deep water port was built, the anchorage port was the largest of the forty minor-ports operating in India. It is well connected to all major sea-ports in the country. Currently both deep water port and older anchorage port operate side by side.

JSW Infrastructure and Logistics, an infrastructure and logistics company owned by the JSW group is building ship repair and shipyard facilities near kakinada port with an investment of about US$250 million.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080408/jsp/business/story_9107921.jsp The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) | Business | JSW adds muscle to infrastructure arm&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;

Also, a second port is being planned to be built exclusively to serve KSEZ (Kakinada Special Economic Zone).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=mJunction: Logistics - Kakinada SEZ plans deep-water port&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://mjunction.in/market_news/logistics_1/kakinada_sez_plans_deepwater_p.php |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2009-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204181416/http://mjunction.in/market_news/logistics_1/kakinada_sez_plans_deepwater_p.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Industry==

In the late 1940s (around the time of  Indian Independence) there was little industry in and around Kakinada and local economy mainly comprised of agricultural and fishing industry. 
Six decades later, Kakinada's economy has a diverse Industrial base.

* '''Fertilizer Industry'''
Kakinada is often called the &quot;Fertilizer City&quot; of Andhra Pradesh. The city is home to two Fertilizer companies. 
[http://www.nagarjunagroup.com/ Nagarjuna Fertilizers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nagarjunagroup.com/ |date=20091215043819 }} is the biggest [[Urea]] manufacturer in coastal Andhra.  Another company, [http://www.gfcl.co.in/ Godavari Fertilizers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gfcl.co.in/ |date=20100729214339 }}, produces DAP ([[ammonium phosphate|Di-Ammonium Phosphate]]).
* '''Auto and Iron/Steel ancillary industries'''
There are several auto and iron/steel ancillary industries in Kakinada  which include  [http://www.srmt.com/ Sri Ramadas Motor Transport Limited] , [http://www.sbcl.in/ Sri Bhavani Castings Ltd] etc.
* '''Sugar Industry'''
The Murugappa Group-owned EID Parry (India) Ltd and [[Cargill]] International SA have announced their plans to enter into a joint venture to set up a port-based stand-alone sugar refinery in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. EID Parry vice-chairman A Vellayan said the investment was estimated at Rs 325 crore.  The plant was expected to be commissioned by December 2008, with an initial refining capacity of 6 lakh tonnes and ultimately 1 million tonnes.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/25/stories/2006042503791900.htm  &quot; EID Parry teams up with Cargill for sugar EoU&quot;, ''The Hindu'' ([[April 25]] [[2006]])]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;http://sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14667906&lt;/ref&gt; Reliance is also planning to set up a [[sugar mill]].
* '''Petroleum Products'''
There is an LPG Bottling plant set up by [http://www.shrishakti.com/f1.html Shri Shakti LPG Limited] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shrishakti.com/f1.html |date=20091227180550 }}
Kakinada has been in the news recently after several [[oil]] companies decided to use it as a transit point for oil and [[gas]] shipments. The [[economic]] value of these [[investment]]s has increased considerably after the recent gas finds by ONGC [Oil and Natural Gas Corporation], [[Reliance Industries Limited|Reliance]] in the KG [[Drainage basin|basin]]. ONGC is currently working on setting up a [[refinery]] in Kakinada.

Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure Ltd (RGTIL), is implementing a 1,440-km pipeline project from [Kakinada] to Baruch (Gujarat) to transport gas from KG Basin fields owned by [[Reliance Industries Limited|Reliance]] &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/business/reliance-gets-ready-to-test-east-west-gas-pipeline-/18/12/334102 Moneycontrol India :: News :: Reliance gets ready to test east-west gas pipeline :: Reliance Industries :: Business :: Reliance, Mukesh Ambani,Baruch,pipeline,GAIL,Kakinada&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;KG Basin fields&lt;/ref&gt;

* '''Edible Oil Refineries and Biofuel Plants'''
In 2002 several edible oil refineries established themselves in Kakinada and the refining capacity has touched 3000 tons per day. Kakinada port is facilitating the imports of crude palm oil, crude soyabean oil. Kakinada is having an edible oil  per day refining capacity of more than 3000 MTS Major refineries are Acalmar Oils &amp; fats limited, Ruchi Infrastructure, Nikhil refineries ltd, etc.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/03/29/stories/2002032900211300.htm The Hindu Business Line : Nikhil, Acalmar edible oil refineries go on stream&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; 

The Vakalapudi Industrial park in  Kakinada has attracted investments worth over US$ 10 million from bio-diesel companies such as Reliance Industries, Naturol Bioenergy and Universal Bio Fuel. &lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;[http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/business/bio-fuel-is-next-big-bet-if-crude-continues-to-rise/17/26/345655 Moneycontrol &gt;&gt; News &gt;&gt; Business &gt;&gt; Bio-fuel is next big bet if crude continues to rise&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Andhra Pradesh]] has entered into a formal agreement with [[Reliance Industries]] for [[Jatropha incentives in India|Jatropha planting]]. The company has selected 200 acres of land at Kakinada  to grow jatropha for high quality [[bio-diesel]] fuel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://autofeed.msn.co.in/pandorav3/output/Business/05550e54-7612-43a4-8ab6-d08686d38cf9.aspx
|title=RIL enters bio-diesel farming
|publisher=
|accessdate=2006-11-15
|archivedate=2006-12-09
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209035542/http://autofeed.msn.co.in/pandorav3/output/Business/05550e54-7612-43a4-8ab6-d08686d38cf9.aspx
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.livemint.com/2008/07/20232412/Reliance8217s-new-biofuel-b.html Reliance?s new biofuel business model to provide fuel with food - Corporate News - livemint.com&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Electronics Industry'''
Kakianada is home to the an electronic components manufacturing company that started operations since 1977 called [http://www.andhraelec.com/  Andhra Electronics Ltd. ], 
* '''IT / ITeS Industry'''
Kakinada is one of the 4 tier-II cities in Andhra Pradesh where Software Technology Parks of India ([[STPI]]) had setup a facility in 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh News : SEZ paves the way for Kakinada to be IT hub&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/09/01/stories/2007090153190300.htm |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2010-10-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052843/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/09/01/stories/2007090153190300.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;  About 12 companies are currently operating in Kakinada and four of them were incubated in the STPI facility.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khabrein.info&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://www.khabrein.info/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1054&amp;Itemid=62 |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2012-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304051315/http://www.khabrein.info/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=1054&amp;Itemid=62 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Currently, [http://www.infotech-enterprises.com/ Infotech Enterprises] {{Wayback|url=http://www.infotech-enterprises.com/ |date=20111120142902 }}, a [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] based multinational software company has opened a facility in the STPI, Kakinada in February, 2007 with about 120 employees.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/02/05/stories/2007020501030200.htm The Hindu Business Line : Infotech centre at Kakinada&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Apart from Infotech Enterprises, there are several small to mid-size software companies that operate in Kakinada which include [http://www.aaspiretechnologies.com/ Aaspire Technologies] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aaspiretechnologies.com/ |date=20140807132614 }}, [http://www.fore-tell.com/ ForeTell Technologies Private Limited] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fore-tell.com/ |date=20090327113456 }}, [http://www.nyros.com/ Nyros Technologies], [http://www.3one.in/ 3One Technologies ] , [http://www.eastysolutions.com/ Easty Solutions] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastysolutions.com/ |date=20080819065743 }} etc

[http://www.avineon.com/ Avineon Inc], an US based  technology company that provides geospatial and engineering  services, has announced in April, 2008 that it would set up a new facility at Kakinada that can accommodate about 100 employees.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu9&amp;subLeft=2&amp;autono=318667&amp;tab=r Avineon opens new facility in Kakinada&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14635665 Avineon expanding - Sify.com&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Fishing and Aqua culture Industry'''
There are about 28 landing centers and also a large fishing wharf in Kakinada. The area surrounding Kakinada is home to several aqua farms.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/10/19/stories/2006101900512300.htm The Hindu Business Line : Kakinada gets aqua farming society&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;  There are also several units that process and export fish, shrimp and other marine products. Recognizing the importance of fishing and aquaculture industry to the local economy, Andhra Pradesh state government established a research and training center on fisheries in 1958 called [http://www.apsift.com/ APSIFT (Andhra Pradesh State Institute of Fisheries Technology)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apsift.com/ |date=20090916123334 }} in Kakinada  in cooperation with [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]]. The [http://www.cife.edu.in/ CIFE ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cife.edu.in/ |date=20080512090323 }} (Central Institute of Fisheries education), a deemed university established by Indian government in 1961 has one of its three campuses in India in Kakinada. The CIFE is the first fisheries university in India and provides post-graduate education and training, to in-service fisheries personnel not only from India but also many African and Asian countries
* '''Rice Mills'''
Several Rice mills exist in and around Kakinada and some of the rice is exported to other countries

* '''Power Generation Industry'''
Spectrum Power Generation Ltd. has a 208MW Power plant at kakinada. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Lehman-Bros-to-take-over-Spectrum/191000/ Lehman Bros to take over Spectrum&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
Very soon, Kakinada poised to have a floating power plant (FPP) .Industry major GMR Energy will be taking over the prestigious 220 MW FPP at an estimated cost of Rs 600 crore. GMR will supply power to the State power grid as per the terms and conditions of the Government. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kakinada to have floating power plant soon&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20080406/926132.html |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2009-02-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202131618/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20080406/926132.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Economy==
Until early 1980s (before the fertilizer companies started their operation here), local economy was mainly based on autoparts, steel industry related ancillary units, agriculture and fishery industries.
 
Exports consist of fish and fish related products, agricultural products like rice, corn&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATE 1-India corn exports up to Sept set to treble-trade {{!}} Reuters&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINDEL30591120080721 |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2009-02-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202123510/http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINDEL30591120080721 }}&lt;/ref&gt;,oilmeals&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oilmeals exports surge 82.05% in Jun`08&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://www.myiris.com/newsCentre/newsPopup.php?fileR=20080708170605179&amp;dir=2008/07/08&amp;secID=livenews |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2009-02-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202163743/http://www.myiris.com/newsCentre/newsPopup.php?fileR=20080708170605179&amp;dir=2008/07/08&amp;secID=livenews }}&lt;/ref&gt; etc,  processed food products, chemicals, iron ore, bauxite powder &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu1&amp;subLeft=1&amp;autono=324143&amp;tab=r Vedanta to export bauxite powder from Kadinada&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;, biofuel &lt;ref name=autogenerated1 /&gt;etc

Imports consist of chemicals, edible oils, agricultural products &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Hindu News Update Service&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/015200804160321.htm |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2009-02-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202170933/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/015200804160321.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;(wheat, sugar etc)

==Education==

Kakinada is a major hub fulfilling the growing educational demand of people within the district. The past decade has witnessed exponential growth and many residential colleges have established themselves to offer quality secondary education. There are also several professional colleges in and around the city offering courses in Engineering, Medical, IT and Management at the graduate and post graduate level. 

The city is home to the Government College of Engineering, (currently called Kakinada campus of [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University]] (JNTU)), is the second oldest engineering college in Andhra Pradesh (Established on 1946) and Rangaraya Medical College, one of the oldest of its kind.

A comprehensive list of educational institutions in Kakinada is available at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_Institutions_in_Kakinada]

==People==
People from Kakinada can easily be identified by their characteristic Godavari [[Telugu language|Telugu]] accent. They have gained a reputation for being hospitable, polite and cultured in their interaction with people.
The city of kakinada is a major educational center with with several schools, colleges and Universities. A large part of the younger generation are migrating to the cities and out of the country in search of opportunities that meet their scale of ambition. However, there are significant parts of the society that ride the boom by expanding their businesses and investments. The local population is supplemented by immigrants who leave their villages to seek work and opportunity in this bustling city.

==Food==
East Godavari is famous for traditional Andhra cuisine and Kakinada is no different - mouth watering pickles (Aavakaaya) made from mango, vegetables (e.g. Caulifower Aavakaaya), chicken, shrimp, mutton and even fish. Interestingly, a few people here swear by the pungent taste of dried fish (Endu Chepa) and shrimp (Endu Royya). 

One of the well known restaurants include that serve local style Andhra Cuisine is Sri Krishna Vilas popularly known as Subbiah Hotel.

This city is also famous for its unique Kakinada Kaaja which later was very popular not only in Andhra but also in far away places like Bihar and U.P.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khaja continues to be the star attraction of Silao&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://bihartimes.com/newsbihar/2008/march/newsbihar23march1.html |accessdate=2008-08-15 |archivedate=2008-05-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514071747/http://www.bihartimes.com/newsbihar/2008/march/newsbihar23march1.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kotiah Sweets (founded in the year 1900) is locally the most famous and possibly the earliest known maker of Kakinada Kaaja, a sweet made from [[maida flour|maida]] and dipped in sugar syrup. 

The locals frequent the innumerable carts strategically located at populous street corners to get their share of [[bhaji]]s and a delightfully tasty mixture of onions, toasted rice, and sev (Pidatha Kindha Pappu).

Kakinada is also one of the few regions in the entire Andhra Pradesh where Chekkarakeli aratipandu (banana) and Kothapalli kobbari maamidipandu (mango) are available.Kakinada is also famous for its delicious pesarattu, a breakfast or brunch item formed into crepes from moong daal (pesara pappu), green chillies, ginger and cumin. These are sold in restaurants as well as street stalls.

==Sports==
Cricket is the most popular game followed by football and Athletics. The city is home to a number of local cricket teams participating in various district and zonal events. Gully cricket - a form of cricket played in empty streets or maidans is a popular pastime for local school/college going kids in the evenings. Kakinada has a cricket stadium used for Ranji Trophy matches. The Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh (SAAP) has a sports and recreation centre which is the key for the district's sports activities.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kakinada.htm About Kakinada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kakinada.htm |date=20160303173157 }}
* [http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kkdPort.htm Kakinada Port] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vundavilli.com/ap/EastGodavari/kkdPort.htm |date=20090202124409 }}

{{Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway stations in East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Mandals in East Godavari district]]</text>
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    <title>Kangazha</title>
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native_name = Kangazha | 
type = Village | 
latd =9.550| longd =76.718|
state_name = Kerala |
district = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]] |
leader_title = |
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Ing '''Kangazha''' metung yang panchayath ampong metung a nayun king [[Changanacherry]] Taluk king Distritu ning [[Kottayam]], estadu ning [[Kerala]], [[India]]. Maki dayu yang aduang pulu't anam (26) a kilometru king aslagan (''east'') ning Kottayam. 

== Suglung palual ==
* [http://mgdmhospital.googlepages.com/home MGDM Hospital, Devagiri, Kangazha, Kottayam.]
* [http://theophiluscollegeofnursing.com Theophilus College of Nursing, Devagiri, Kangazha, Kottayam.] {{Wayback|url=http://theophiluscollegeofnursing.com/ |date=20080908052957 }}
* [http://pgsonkangazha.googlepages.com/home P Geevarghese School of Nursing, Devagiri, Kangazha, Kottayam.]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://pgmcollege.googlepages.com/home P G M College, Devagiri, Kangazha, Kottayam.] {{Wayback|url=http://pgmcollege.googlepages.com/home |date=20090709132319 }}
* [https://archive.is/20121202105334/http://baselioshsskangazha.googlepages.com/home Baselios Higher Secondary School, Devagiri, Kangazha, Kottayam.]
* [http://mgdmhospital.googlepages.com/laboratory School of Laboratory Technology MGDM Hospital, Devagiri, Kangazha, Kottayam.]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/Kangazha.html More about Kangazha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/Kangazha.html |date=20080614025400 }}
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;q=kangazha&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=29.716225,38.847656&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=9.550,76.718&amp;spn=0.151671,0.233459&amp;t=h&amp;z=12&amp;iwloc=addr&amp;om=1 Have an aerial View of Kangazha.]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kerala]]</text>
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Ing '''Karimnagar''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: కరీంనగర్), metung yang lakanbalen o ciudad king [[Karimnagar (distritu)]] king pangulung (''northern'') labuad ning [[Telangana]] king [[Estadu ampong teritoriu ning India|estadu]] ning [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Iti ing pun tanggapan pangkapanibalan (''administrative headquarters'') ning [[Karimnagar (Distritu)]], king pampang ning ilug Manair, a mamagus paras king ilug Godavari. Katlu yang pekamaragul a lakanbalen king labuad (''region'') ning Telangana.

== Dalerayan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Suglung palual ==
* [http://www.karimnagardiary.com/ '''KarimnagarDiary.com'''.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagardiary.com/ |date=20071007075216 }}Updated information about Karimnagar District. An informative &amp; Community service.
* [http://www.ekarimnagar.com Karimnagar Website - Karimnagar Online Information ]
* [http://www.karimnagar.net.tc/ Karimnagar People's Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagar.net.tc/ |date=20080823230009 }}
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Karimnagar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Karimnagar]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.karimnagar.in Karimnagar Website - Karimnagar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagar.in/ |date=20081225055413 }}
* [http://www.karimnagar.org Karimnagaries Network] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagar.org/ |date=20080820040631 }}
* [http://www.karimnagar.info Information &amp; Innovation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagar.info/ |date=20081120234933 }}

* [http://www.filigreeart.com Karimnagar Filigree Website - Karimnagar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.filigreeart.com/ |date=20090805125916 }}
* [http://www.karimnagarpages.com an exclusive website of Karimnagar-Karimnagar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagarpages.com/ |date=20080915032832 }}

{{Major Cities of Andhra Pradesh}}
* [http://www.karimnagar.org World wide Karimnagar People - Karimnagar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karimnagar.org/ |date=20080820040631 }}
* [http://www.ikarimnagar.com Everything about Karimnagar - Karimnagar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ikarimnagar.com/ |date=20080827220444 }}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Karimnagar district]]</text>
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native_name = Khammam | 
type = city | 
latd = 17.25 | longd = 80.15|
locator_position = right | 
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Ing '''Khammam''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: ఖమ్మం) ing pun tanggapan (''headquarters'') ning [[Khammam (Distritu)]] ning estadu ning [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].    

==Dalerayan==
{{Reflist}}

==Suglung palual==
&lt;!-- Please do not place any useless links here: Especially those not referring to the city --&gt;
* [http://www.khammamdiary.com/ '''KhammamDiary.com'''.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.khammamdiary.com/ |date=20081008030338 }}Updated information about Khammam District. An informative &amp; Community service.
* [http://www.khammam.com/ Official website of Khammam District.]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Khammam.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Khammam] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Khammam.html |date=20100125152641 }}

{{Major Cities of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Khammam district]]
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type = subdistrict|
native_name=Kulpahar |
latd = 25.19|longd = 79.38| 
state_name=Uttar Pradesh |
district=[[Mahoba district|Mahoba]] |
leader_title = Chairman | 
leader_name = Babulal Ahirvar|
altitude = 198|
population_as_of = 2001 | 
population_total = 17437| 
population_density = 6341|
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area_telephone = 91-5283 |
postal_code = 210 426 | 
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}}

Ing '''Kulpahar''' ([[Hindi]]: '''कुलपहाड़''') metung yang lakanbalen king [[Mahoba (distritu)]] king [[Estadu ampong teritoriu ning India|estadu]] ning [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Metung yang makasalesayan a balen king labuad (''region'') ning [[Bundelkhand]]. Ing Kulpahar ing pekamaragul a subdivision ning Uttar Pradesh.

[[Image:Kulpahar_Bird%27s_Eye_view.jpg|thumb|left|235px|'''Bista ning Kulpahar manibat king babo''']]

== Dalerayan ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Suglung palual ==
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=25.32&amp;lon=79.65&amp;z=13&amp;l=0&amp;m=a&amp;v=2 Kulpahar at wikimapia]
* [http://mahoba.nic.in Administrative setup of Kulpahar]
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Kulpahar.html Weather information of Kulpahar]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://sify.com/weather/sevendays_forecast.php?city=65074 7 days' weather forecast of Kulpahar]
* [http://www.uparchaeology.org/anx22lucknow6.htm Archaeological Sites in Kulpahar excavated and maintained by UP Archaeological Department] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uparchaeology.org/anx22lucknow6.htm |date=20080321113432 }}
* [http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_lucknow.asp Archaeological Sites in Kulpahar excavated and maintained by Archaeological Survey of India]

[[Category:Archaeological sites in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian Princely States]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Princely States of Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Mahoba]]</text>
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native_name = Kurnool |
type = city |
latd = 15.83 | longd = 78.05|
locator_position = right |
state_name = Andhra Pradesh |
district = [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]] |
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Ing '''Kurnool''' {{audio|Kurnool.ogg|pronunciation}} metung yang lakanbalen o ciudad king [[Kurnool (distritu)]] king estadu ning [[Andhra Pradesh]], mauling (''southern'') [[India]]. Sentru neng pangkapanibalan ning distritu ning Kurnool, at sadia neng tungku (cabecera o capitoliu) ning Estadung Andhra (''Andhra State''), a melalang manibat king Estadu ning Madras kanitang 1953.

== Dalerayan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Suglung palual ==
* [http://www.osmaniacollegekurnool.com/index.html http://www.osmainacollegekurnool.com '''The famous muslim minority college in Kurnool''' ]
* http://www.gcmknl.co.in {{Wayback|url=http://www.gcmknl.co.in/ |date=20090103031116 }} Govt Degree college Kurnool
* http://www.karnool.com {{Wayback|url=http://www.karnool.com/ |date=20070331114318 }}
* http://www.kurnool.in/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.kurnool.in/ |date=20120206002459 }}
* http://www.yourkurnool.com {{Wayback|url=http://www.yourkurnool.com/ |date=20170705150715 }}
* http://www.south-india-tourism.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-india-cities/kurnool-travel-tours.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.south-india-tourism.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-india-cities/kurnool-travel-tours.html |date=20091120043656 }} Tourism related Information
* http://kurnool.ap.nic.in/
* http://www.rayalaseema.in/
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Kurnool.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kurnool] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Kurnool.html |date=20080627131457 }}

{{Major Cities of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Kurnool district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandals in Kurnool district]]</text>
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{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |

native_name = Katni | 
type = city | 
latd = 23.37 | longd = 79.57|
locator_position = right | 
state_name = Madhya Pradesh |
district = [[Katni district|Katni]] |
leader_title = Mayor|
leader_name = Mr. Sandeep Jaiswa|
altitude = 304|
population_as_of = 2001 |
population_total = 93,783| 
population_density = |
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Ing '''Katni''' (a ausan da mu namang '''Murwara''' o '''Mudwara''') metung yang balen king pampang ning [[w:Katni River|Ilug Katni]] king estadu ning [[Madhya Pradesh]] king kalibudtang [[India]]. Iti ing pun tanggapan pangkapanibalan (''administrative headquarters'') ning [[Katni (Distritu)]]. Atiu iti king labuad (''region'') ning [[Mahakoshal]] king Kalibudtang India, at maki dayu yang 90 km king Divisional Headquarters ning labuad, ing [[Jabalpur]]. 

== Lon la murin deti ==
* [[Bahuriband]]

== Suglung palual ==
* {{wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.katni.nic.in Katni District] {{Wayback|url=http://www.katni.nic.in/ |date=20190810100058 }}
* [http://www.katnilive.com katnilive.com]

== Dalerayan ==
{{reflist}}

* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Katni.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 70m] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Katni.html |date=20090129133603 }}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Katni | ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shivamogga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2698" sha1="n80maxlpf1oqhngg659p3ntrs6blf0a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction 
|native_name = Shivamogga | ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ type = city | 
latd = 13.9167 | longd = 75.5667
|locator_position = right | 
state_name = Karnataka  
|district = [[Shimoga District]] 
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = 
|altitude = 569
|population_as_of = 2007 
|population_total = 474105| 
population_density = 
|area_magnitude= km² 
|area_total =  
|area_telephone = 08182 
|postal_code = 577201 - 577204| 
vehicle_code_range = KA 14
|sex_ratio = 
|unlocode = 
|website = shimoga.net|www.shimoga.nic.in
footnotes = 
}}

Ing '''Shivamogga''' o '''Shimoga''' ([[Kannada]]:ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ) metung yang lakanbalen o ciudad ampong metung a ''city municipal corporation'' king kalibudtan ning estadu ning [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. Atiu king pampang ning [[w:Tunga River|Ilug Tunga]], at pangmaldang pun tanggapan pangkapanibalan (''public administrative headquarters'') ne ning distritu. 

== Lon la murin deti ==
* [[Shimoga District]]
* [[Karnataka]]
'''

== Dalerayan ==
{{reflist}}

== Suglung palual ==
* [http://www.kuvempu.ac.in/ Kuvempu University]
* [http://www.kiruthik.com/Jog+Falls+And+Shimoga.aspx Shimoga from Kiruthik.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kiruthik.com/Jog+Falls+And+Shimoga.aspx |date=20070623053548 }}
* [http://www.leadersindia.com/index.html Profiles of all the Districts in Karnataka]
* [http://kar.nic.in/zpshimoga Shimoga Zilla Panchayat] {{Wayback|url=http://kar.nic.in/zpshimoga |date=20090119161649 }}
* [http://shimoga.nic.in Shimoga Profile]
* [http://www.shimogaonline.com ShimogaOnline] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shimogaonline.com/ |date=20140819150822 }}
* [http://www.westernghats.org Western Ghats] {{Wayback|url=http://www.westernghats.org/ |date=20080625040530 }}
* [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/karnataka/districts/shimoga.htm Map of Shimoga District]
* [http://www.shimoga.net Shimoga results] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shimoga.net/ |date=20200628000834 }}
* [http://www.shimogacity.gov.in/ Schimoga City Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shimogacity.gov.in/ |date=20160303193325 }}
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Shimoga.html Shimoga, India Page] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Shimoga.html |date=20090304223337 }}
*[http://pg.photos.yahoo.com/ph/sudarshan_bhat_trekker/album?.dir=6e5fscd&amp;.src=ph&amp;store=&amp;prodid=&amp;.done=http%3a//pg.photos.yahoo.com/ph/sudarshan_bhat_trekker/my_photos Photos of Shivappa Nayaka's palace]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Karnataka topics}}
Shimoga Medical College - http://www.sims-shimoga.org/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.sims-shimoga.org/ |date=20081028144416 }}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Udupi</title>
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      <text bytes="4222" sha1="kpg8bib6rfyst7cc6jpfmld7z33m8jc" xml:space="preserve">{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
|native_name         = Udupi ing Lakanbalen da reng Templu
|official_name       = Udupi
|skyline             = Udupi.JPG
|skyline_caption     = Ing piluluban ning Udupi Krishna temple
|image_map           = India_Karnataka_locator_map.svg
|locator_position    = left
|map_caption         = Udupi
|subdivision_type    = [[Classification]]
|subdivision_name    = [[City Council]]
|leader_title        = Council President
|leader_name         = Mr. Dinakar Shetty 
|deputy_leader_title = Council Vice President
|deputy_leader_name  = Mrs. Indira Shekhar
|state_name          = Karnataka
|district            = Udupi
|language            = [[Tulu]], [[Kannada]],[[Konkani]]
|Coordinates = 13°59'30&quot;N 74°75'24&quot;E.
|latd=13.59 |longd=74.75 
|area_total=68.23 |altitude=39
|area_telephone      = 0820
|postal_code         = 576101 (City)
|vehicle_code_range  = KA-20
|population_total    = 127,060
|population_as_of    = 2001
|population_density  = 286
|population_growth_rate = 6.88
|nearest_airport     = Mangalooru
|nearest_railstation = Indrali, Udupi
|nearest_harbour     = Malpe, Udupi
|overall_literacy    = 79.87
|male_literacy       = 86.89
|female_literacy     = 74.02
|max_temperature     = 35.0
|min_temperature     = 26.1 
|website             = www.udupicity.gov.in
|footnotes           = &quot;Udupi - The Temple City&quot;
}}
Ing '''Udupi''' ([[Tulu]]/[[Kannada]]: ಉಡುಪಿ  ''Odipu'' , [[Konkani language|Konkani]]- ಉಡುಪಿ) metung yang lakanbalen o ciudad a pun tanggapan (''headquarters'') ning [[Distritu ning Udupi]] king [[Estadu ampong teritoriu ning India|estadu]] ning [[Karnataka]]. Pikabaluan ya ing Udupi ketang kayang templung [[Krishna]]. Ibat ya murin keti ing lagiu ning [[pamangan a Udupi]] (''Udupi cuisine'') a kilala ra king mabilug a yatu.

== Dalerayan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Lon la murin deti ==

* [[Greater Udupi]]
* [[Udupi cuisine]]
* [[Udupi Krishna Temple]]

== Suglung palual ==
{{wiktionary|Udupi}}
* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/karavali/udupi/index.htm The Town of Udupi]
* [http://www.prithvibhat.com Comprehensive information on Udupi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.prithvibhat.com/ |date=20070927051409 }}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1996/8-11/1996-8-11-03.shtml|title=Karnataka Spiritual Centers Threatened by Development: Three 700-Year-Old Monasteries in Udupi and Scores of Temples to be Displaced by Reckless Industrial Projects|given=Choodie|surname=Shivaram|publisher=Hinduism Today|date=[[1996-08-11]]}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.dvaita.org/scholars/vadiraja/VaadiraajaT_4.html|title=Conquer Vices To Sublimate The Mind|publisher=The Hindu|date=[[1996-01-29]]|accessdate=2009-02-19|archivedate=2015-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223951/http://www.dvaita.org/scholars/vadiraja/VaadiraajaT_4.html}}
* {{cite web|accessdate=2005-12-12|url=http://www.bangalorenet.com/katour/udu.htm|title=Ashtha Muth and Paryaya|work=Udupi temples|archivedate=2006-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112033834/http://www.bangalorenet.com/katour/udu.htm}}
* {{cite web|accessdate=2005-12-12|author=Neria Harish Hebbar|url=http://www.boloji.com/places/0021.htm|title=The Eight Tulu Monasteries of Udupi|archivedate=2006-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106145641/http://www.boloji.com/places/0021.htm}}
* [http://www.kar.nic.in/gazetteer See South Canara gazetteer 1894,1938,1973]
* [http://www.udupicity.gov.in Udupi City Municipality Official Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.udupicity.gov.in/ |date=20070812005010 }}
* [http://www.uuda.org Udupi Urban Development Authority Official Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uuda.org/ |date=20100124100030 }}
* [http://www.manipal.info/placestovisit.html Tourist Places around Manipal/Udupi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.manipal.info/placestovisit.html |date=20100725222140 }}
* [http://www.pajakakshtetra.org Sri Pajaka Kshetra]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Udupi_District}}
{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Railway stations on Konkan Railway]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Udupi]]
[[Category:Hindu holy cities]]
[[Category:Coastal settlements]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kalluru</title>
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      <text bytes="1162" sha1="nx6zj12qd9r28gx35f3k8dgmxazjwfr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --&gt;{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name = Kalluru | 
type = city | 
latd =  | longd =  |
locator_position = left | 
state_name = Andhra Pradesh |
district = [[Khammam district|Khammam]] |
leader_title = |
leader_name = |
altitude = |
population_as_of =  |
population_total = | 
population_density = |
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area_total =  |
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unlocode = |
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footnotes = |
}}

Ing '''Kalluru''' o '''Kallur''' metung yang [[:en:Subdivisions of India|mandal]] king [[Khammam (distritu)]] king estadu ning [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]], 

== Lon la murin deti ==

* [[:en:Railway stations in India|Railway stations in India]]

== Dalerayan ==
{{reflist}}

== Suglung palual ==

* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Kalluru.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 555m (Red dots are railways)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Kalluru.html |date=20250126083138 }}

{{coord|13|34|00|N| 79|00|00|E|display=title}}

* [http://www.gloriousindia.com/places/ap/khammam/kallur/index.html Villages in Kallur.]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ludwig van Beethoven</title>
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      <text bytes="12372" sha1="o76zefkwg29ahlz3yu8romt1w4zubeo" xml:space="preserve">{{Redirect|Beethoven}}
&lt;!-- After lengthy consideration at the Wikipedia Composers project, it has been determined that infoboxes are not appropriate for composer articles. Before adding an infobox, please review the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Composers/Infobox debates. --&gt;

{{pp-move-indef}}

[[File:Beethoven.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ing litratu neng [[Joseph Karl Stieler]], 1820]]
[[File:Signature Van Beethoven.svg|right|250px]]
I '''Ludwig van Beethoven''' ({{IPA-en|ˈlʊdvɪɡ væn ˈbeɪtoʊvɨn}} (US), {{IPA|/ˈlʊdvɪɡ væn ˈbeɪthoʊvɨn/}} (UK); {{IPA-de|ˈluːt.vɪç fan ˈbeːt.hoːfən|lang|Ludwig van Beethoven.ogg}}; [[mebiniag]] 17 Disiembri 1770&lt;ref&gt;Beethoven was [[baptism|baptised]] on 17 December. His date of birth was often, in the past, given as 16 December, however this is not known with certainty; his family celebrated his birthday on that date, but there is no documentary evidence that his birth was actually on 16 December.&lt;/ref&gt; – 26 Marsu 1827) metung yang [[List of German composers|German talakudta]] ampong [[pianista]]. Metung yang maulagang tau keng panaun ning pamaglipat pialtan ding [[Classical period (music)|Classical]] ampong [[Romantic music|Romantic]] panaun inyang [[classical music|Western classical music]], ampong mabibilang ya angga ngeni bilang bantug ampng mapanasag a talakudta king eganaganang panaun.

[[File:Beethoven 3.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Ludwig van Beethoven: busisi ning 1804 a litratu neng W.J. Mähler]]

[[File:Beethoven Mähler 1815.jpg|thumb|left|Beethoven inyang 1815]]

[[File:Rudolf-habsburg-olmuetz.jpg|thumb|right|upright|patron nang Beethoven, [[Rudolph of Austria (Cardinal)|Archduke Rudolph]]]]

== Dalerayan ==
{{reflist|3}}

== Pikuanan ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Clive|first=Peter|title=Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary|city=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-19-816672-9|ref=Clive}}
* {{cite book|title=Beethoven|first=Barry|last=Cooper|authorlink=Barry Cooper (musicologist)|publisher=Oxford University Press US|year=2008|isbn=9780195313314|ref=Cooper}}
* {{cite book|first=Milton|last=Cross|coauthors=Ewen, David|title=The Milton Cross New Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music|publisher=Doubleday|year=1953|ref=Cross|oclc=17791083|location=Garden City, NJ}}
* {{cite book|title=Beethoven: a documentary study|ref=Landon|first=H C Robbins|last=Landon|authorlink=H. C. Robbins Landon|coauthors=Göllerich; August|publisher=Macmillan|year=1970|oclc=87180}}
* {{cite book|title=Beethoven: The Music And The Life|first=Lewis|last=Lockwood|publisher=W. W. Norton|year=2005|ref=Lockwood|isbn=9780393326383}}
* {{cite book|authorlink=Maynard Solomon|last=Solomon|first=Maynard|title=Beethoven|edition=2nd revised|city=New York|publisher=Schirmer Books|year=2001|isbn=0-8256-7268-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Stanley|first=Glenn (ed)|title=The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven|city=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-58074-9|ref=Stanley}}
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VQw5AAAAIAAJ|ref=Thayer1|title=The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven, Vol 1|first=A. W.|last=Thayer|coauthors=Krehbiel, Henry Edward (ed, trans); Deiters, Hermann; Riemann, Hugo|publisher=The Beethoven Association|year=1921|oclc=422583|authorlink=Alexander Wheelock Thayer}}
* {{GroveOnline|Ludvig van Beethoven|Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G|29 November|2006}}
{{refend}}

== Dakal pang pamamasa ==
&lt;!--This section is subject to cleanup for notability. Volumes have been written about Beethoven. Providing the most authoritative, scholarly, and accurate references is our responsibility.--&gt;
{{Refbegin|2}}
* [[Theodore Albrecht|Albrecht, Theodore]], and Elaine Schwensen, &quot;More Than Just Peanuts: Evidence for December&amp;nbsp;16 as Beethoven's birthday.&quot; ''The Beethoven Newsletter'' 3 (1988): 49, 60–63.
* Bohle, Bruce, and Robert Sabin. ''The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians.'' London: J.M.Dent &amp; Sons LTD, 1975. ISBN 0-460-04235-1.
* Davies, Peter J. ''The Character of a Genius: Beethoven in Perspective.'' Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0-313-31913-8.
* Davies, Peter J. ''Beethoven in Person: His Deafness, Illnesses, and Death.'' Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001. ISBN 0-313-31587-6.
* [[Tia DeNora|DeNora, Tia]]. &quot;Beethoven and the Construction of Genius: Musical Politics in Vienna, 1792–1803.&quot; Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995. ISBN 0-520-21158-8.
* Geck, Martin. ''Beethoven''. Translated by Anthea Bell. London: Haus, 2003. ISBN 1-904341-03-9 (h), ISBN 1-904341-00-4 (p).
* {{cite book
 | last = Hatten
 | first = Robert S
 | year=1994
 | title = Musical Meaning in Beethoven
 | publisher = Indiana University Press
 | location= Bloomington, IN
 | isbn = 0-253-32742-3
 }}
* Kropfinger, Klaus. ''Beethoven''. Verlage Bärenreiter/Metzler, 2001. ISBN 3-7618-1621-9.
* Martin, Russell. ''Beethoven's Hair''. New York: Broadway Books, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7679-0350-9
* Meredith, William. &quot;The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments.&quot; ''The Beethoven Journal'' 20 (2005): 3-46.
* [[Edmund Morris (writer)|Morris, Edmund]]. ''Beethoven: The Universal Composer.'' New York: Atlas Books / HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-075974-7.
* [[Charles Rosen|Rosen, Charles]]. ''The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.'' (Expanded ed.) New York: W. W. Norton, 1998. ISBN 0-393-04020-8 (hc); ISBN 0-393-31712-9 (pb).
* Solomon, Maynard. ''Late Beethoven: Music, Thought, Imagination.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. ISBN 0-520-23746-3.
* [[Alexander Wheelock Thayer|Thayer, A. W.]], rev and ed. Elliot Forbes. ''Thayer's Life of Beethoven.'' (2 vols.) Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09103-X
{{Refend}}

== Suglung Palual ==
{{Commons category|Ludwig van Beethoven}}
{{Commons category|Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Beethoven, Ludwig van}}

=== Dalerayan ===
* [http://www.madaboutbeethoven.com/ Mad About Beethoven] {{Wayback|url=http://www.madaboutbeethoven.com/ |date=20060522222756 }} by British television and radio announcer [[John Suchet]]
* [http://www.edepot.com/beethoven.html Beethoven Depot]. Contains all of his works in midi format.
* Beethoven's Letters 1790–1826, [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13065 Volume 1], [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13272 Volume 2]. In English at Gutenberg.org.
* [http://lucare.com/immortal Beethoven: The Immortal] {{Wayback|url=http://lucare.com/immortal |date=20080513140739 }}. Introduction and detailed account of the composer's life. Articles include his deafness, demeanor, daily routine, medical history, final days, and letters.
* [http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php//portal_en Beethoven-Haus Bonn] {{Wayback|url=http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php//portal_en |date=20170412091048 }}. Official website of ''Beethoven-Haus'' in [[Bonn, Germany]]. Links to extensive studio and digital archive, library holdings, the ''Beethoven-Haus'' Museum (including &quot;internet exhibitions&quot; and &quot;virtual visits&quot;), the ''Beethoven-Archiv'' research center, and information on Beethoven publications of interest to the specialist and general reader. Extensive collection of Beethoven's compositions and written documents, with sound samples and a digital reconstruction of his last house in Vienna.
* [http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php?template=popup_webcam&amp;_img=/webcam/beetcam/current.jpg Webcam pic from the ''Beethoven-Haus''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php?template=popup_webcam&amp;_img=/webcam/beetcam/current.jpg |date=20090619023639 }} showing the rear of the building as photographed within the last minute.
* [http://www.raptusassociation.org/ Raptus Association for Music Appreciation site on Beethoven] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raptusassociation.org/ |date=20080509183526 }}
* [http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/ One Stop Beethoven Resource] {{Wayback|url=http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/ |date=20080705103930 }} — articles and facts about Beethoven from Aaron Green, guide to Classical Music at About.com.
* [http://www.all-about-beethoven.com All About Ludwig van Beethoven] {{Wayback|url=http://www.all-about-beethoven.com/ |date=20161201182928 }}
* [http://www.wagele.com/Beeth-personality.html Beethoven’s Personality and Music: The Introverted Romantic]
* [http://BeethovenBillyBragg.com  Beethoven Billy Bragg Ninth Concert in Los Angeles, August 2009]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

=== Tala da reng kayang obra/gewa ===
* [http://alambix.uquebec.ca/musique//catal/beethoven/beelv.html University of Quebec] {{Wayback|url=http://alambix.uquebec.ca/musique//catal/beethoven/beelv.html |date=20090213115627 }} In French. Contains links to the works arranged according to various criteria, and to a concordance of the various catalogues.
* [http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Oeuvres/ListOpus.html Comprehensive lists of works by opus, WoO, Hess, Biamonti]

=== Scores ===
* {{IMSLP|id=Beethoven%2C_Ludwig_van}}
* [http://kreusch-sheet-music.net/eng/index.php?action=search&amp;page=show&amp;order=op&amp;query=beethoven Free sheet music] from Kreusch-sheet-music.net
* {{ChoralWiki}}
* {{gutenberg author | id=Ludwig_van_Beethoven | name=Ludwig van Beethoven}}
* {{IckingArchive|idx=Beethoven|name=Ludwig van Beethoven}}
* [http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=BeethovenLv Beethoven scores] from [[Mutopia Project]]
* [https://urresearch.rochester.edu/handle/1802/291/simple-search?query=Beethoven Sibley Music Library resources]
* [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/themes/music/beethoven.html Beethoven manuscripts at the British Library] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/themes/music/beethoven.html |date=20080607142055 }}

=== Recordings ===
* [http://www.musopen.com/view.php?type=composer&amp;id=23 Musopen.com] Free Public Domain MP3 Files, Including the Complete Piano Sonatas
* [http://magnatune.com/collections/beethoven MP3 Creative Commons recordings] {{Wayback|url=http://magnatune.com/collections/beethoven |date=20090718080352 }} from ''[[Magnatune]]''
* [http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=beethoven%20AND%20collection%3Aopensource_audio Beethoven] on the [[Internet Archive]]. Free, public domain/out of copyright, mp3 files, including the [[Violin Concerto (Beethoven)|Violin Concerto]] with [[Jascha Heifetz]].
* [http://www.kunstderfuge.com/beethoven.htm Kunst der Fuge: hundreds of MIDI files]
* [http://www.unheardbeethoven.org The Unheard Beethoven] — MIDI files of hundreds of Beethoven compositions never recorded and many that have never been published.
* [http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?query=beethoven&amp;queryType=%40attr+1%3D1 Beethoven cylinder recordings], from the [[Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project]] at the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] Library.
* {{musicbrainz artist|id=1f9df192-a621-4f54-8850-2c5373b7eac9|name=Ludwig van Beethoven}}, a collection of information about commercial recordings.
* {{Discogs artist|artist=Ludwig+van+Beethoven}}
* Performances of works by Beethoven in MP3 and MIDI formats at [http://www.logoslibrary.org/classical/beethoven/index.html Logos Virtual Library]
* [http://www.bl.uk/sounds {{Wayback|url=http://www.bl.uk/sounds |date=20030402071212 }} The British Library [[Archival Sound Recordings]]] online audio service includes 100&amp;nbsp;years of String Quartets.

{{Ludwig van Beethoven}}

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[[File:MCND on ARATV 2020.jpg|thumb|MCND]]
 
Ing '''MCND''' (Hangul: 엠씨엔디 ; acronym para keng &quot;Music Creates New Dream&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/018/0004547572|title=신인 그룹 MCND, 프리 데뷔 후 음원 발매 '남다른 행보'|date=January 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) metung yang boy band ibat keng Mauling Korea a gewa ning TOP Media. Ing grupu atin yang limang kayanib: Castle J, Bic, Minjae, Huijun, ampo Win. Migdebut la inyang February 27, 2020, keng extended play (EP) ''Into the Ice Age'' .

== Suglung palwal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Category:Musika king Mauling Korea]]</text>
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[[File:MCND on ARATV 2020.jpg|thumb|MCND]]
Ing '''MCND''' (Hangul: 엠씨엔디 ; acronym para keng &quot;Music Creates New Dream&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/018/0004547572|title=신인 그룹 MCND, 프리 데뷔 후 음원 발매 '남다른 행보'|date=January 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) metung yang boy band ibat keng Mauling Korea a gewa ning TOP Media. Ing grupu atin yang limang kayanib: Castle J, Bic, Minjae, Huijun, ampo Win. Migdebut la inyang February 27, 2020, keng extended play (EP) ''Into the Ice Age'' .

== Suglung palwal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Category:Musika king Mauling Korea]]</text>
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