Wikipedia pamwiki https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pun_Bulung MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6662 313230 291960 2026-07-31T23:53:59Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Elementbox_header | number=51 | symbol=Sb | name=antimony | left=[[tin]] | right=[[tellurium]] | above=[[arsenic|As]] | below=[[bismuth|Bi]] | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_series | [[metalloid]]s }} {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=15 | period=5 | block=p }} {{Elementbox_appearance_img | Sb,51| silvery lustrous grey }} {{Elementbox_atomicmass_gpm | [[1 E-25 kg|121.760]][[List of elements by atomic mass|(1)]] }} {{Elementbox_econfig | &#91;[[krypton|Kr]]&#93; 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ }} {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 }} {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_phase | [[solid]] }} {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 6.697 }} {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 6.53 }} {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=903.78 | c=630.63 | f=1167.13 }} {{Elementbox_boilingpoint | k=1860 | c=1587 | f=2889 }} {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 19.79 }} {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 193.43 }} {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 25.23 }} {{Elementbox_vaporpressure_katpa | 807 | 876 | 1011 | 1219 | 1491 | 1858 | comment= }} {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_crystalstruct | rhombohedral }} {{Elementbox_oxistates | −3, '''3''', 5 }} {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | 2.05 }} {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies4 | 834 | 1594.9 | 2440 }} {{Elementbox_atomicradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|145]] }} {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|133]] }} {{Elementbox_covalentradius_pm | [[1 E-10 m|138]] }} {{Elementbox_section_miscellaneous | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_magnetic | no data }} {{Elementbox_eresist_ohmmat20 | 417 n}} {{Elementbox_thermalcond_wpmkat300k | 24.4 }} {{Elementbox_thermalexpansion_umpmkat25 | 11.0 }} {{Elementbox_speedofsound_rodmpsat20 | 3420 }} {{Elementbox_youngsmodulus_gpa | 55 }} {{Elementbox_shearmodulus_gpa | 20 }} {{Elementbox_bulkmodulus_gpa | 42 }} {{Elementbox_mohshardness | 3.0 }} {{Elementbox_brinellhardness_mpa | 294 }} {{Elementbox_cas_number | 7440-36-0 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_begin | isotopesof=antimony | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=121 | sym=Sb | na=57.36% | n=70 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=123 | sym=Sb | na=42.64% | n=72 }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=125 | sym=Sb | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=2.7582 [[year|y]] | dm=[[beta emission|Beta^-]] | de=0.767 | pn=125 | ps=[[tellurium|Te]] }} {{Elementbox_isotopes_end}} {{Elementbox_footer | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }} [[File:Antimony massive.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Katutubung maragul a antimony kambe ning [[redox|oxidation]] a productu]] == Kasusug Kilwal == {{Commons|Antimony}} {{wiktionary|antimony}} * [http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/10.html National Pollutant Inventory - Antimony and compounds] * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Sb/index.html WebElements.com – Antimony] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Sb/index.html |date=20080516062204 }} * [http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/antimony/antimony_table09.html World Mine Production of Antimony, by Country] <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:Ding elementung kímiku]] aml97eax5thsr0jonzmvvyustmdsxtg 0 12010 313228 298242 2026-07-31T23:28:23Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313228 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ining articulu tungkul ya king lakanbalen/ciudad king kalibudtang [[Rajasthan]]; para ketang labuad king kasalesayan, lon ye ing [[Ajmer region]]. {{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction | native_name=Ajmer | type=city | latd = 26.27|longd=74.42| locator_position=right| state_name=Rajasthan | district= [[Ajmer District|Ajmer]]| leader_title= | leader_name= | altitude=486 | population_as_of = 2005 | population_total = 500000 | area_telephone= +0145 | postal_code= 3050 xx | vehicle_code_range= RJ01| footnotes = | }} Ing '''Ajmer''' {{audio|Ajmer.ogg|pronunciation}} ([[Hindi]]: अजमेर {{IPA|/ədʒmeːr/}}) metung yang lakanbalen/ciudad king [[w:Ajmer District|Distritu ning Ajmer]], [[w:states and territories of India|estadu]] ning [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. Makapadurut la king lakanbalen, nung nu ya memuntukan i Prithviraj Chauhan, deng Kabundukan ning Aravali. Kapitna yang miliun (500,000) ing kayang populasiun kanitang 2001. Pekilagiu de king lakanbalen ing metung a distritu, ampo ing sadiang lalawigan ning [[w:British Raj|British India]], ing [[Ajmer-Merwara]]. Aniang mitimawa ya king Britania ing India, megi yang estadu ning Ajmer ing lalawigan a ita angga kanitang Noviembre 1, 1956, nung kapilan ya misanib king estadu ning Rajasthan. [[File:Pushkar_Lake.jpg|thumb|left|Ing Dano ning [[Pushkar]] (Pushkar Lake)]] == Lon la murin deti == * [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)]] == Dalerayan == ;Pangkabilugan * {{1911}} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Ajmer.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 471m] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Ajmer.html |date=20090208071512 }} ;Partikular {{reflist}} == Suglung palual == * [http://ajmer.nic.in/ Ajmer Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://ajmer.nic.in/ |date=20150209203540 }} * [http://www.hosuronline.com/update/weather/changelocation.asp?code=INXX0002 Ajmer Weather] [[Category:Cities and towns in Rajasthan]] [[Category:Railway stations in Rajasthan]] [[Category:Ajmer| ]] [[Category:Ajmer railway division]] [[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]] [[Category:North Western Railway Zone]] qht7hp4f08gwkb4migikci1v5vujq5d 0 16915 313231 267100 2026-08-01T11:41:44Z ~2026-42542-83 25139 /* */ 313231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Image1231-0151(GMA 7).jpg|right|thumb|Eat Bulaga!]] Ing '''Eat Bulaga!''' metung yang pang-ugtung ''vareity show'' king [[Filipinas]] a produksyon ning TVJ Productions Inc. dari Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto ampong Joey de Leon. Pálage de makata-anam king paruminggu. Iti ing pekamalwat nang programang pang-ugtu king telebisyon king Filipinas. Atyu ing karelang studio king Studio 4, TV5 Media Center, Reliance, [[Mandaluyong Lakanbalen]]. [[Category:GMA Network]] pvkiwjk5qv1azulpghtx831i0fms8ya 0 17838 313229 312162 2026-07-31T23:34:23Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | birth_name = Alan Mathison Turing | image = Alan Turing az 1930-as években.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = I Turing anyang panaun a miyalal ya king Fellowship of the [[Royal Society]]. | birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|6|23|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Maida Vale]], London, luca is cool ,<br /> United Kingdom | death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|6|7|1912|6|23|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Wilmslow]], Cheshire, England,<br /> United Kingdom | residence = United Kingdom | nationality = British | field = [[Mathematics]], [[Cryptanalysis]], [[Computer science]] | work_institutions = [[University of Cambridge]]<br />[[Government Code and Cypher School]]<br />[[National Physical Laboratory, UK|National Physical Laboratory]]<br />[[University of Manchester]] | alma_mater = [[King's College, Cambridge]]<br />[[Princeton University]] | doctoral_advisor = [[Alonzo Church]] | doctoral_students = [[Robin Gandy]] | known_for = [[Halting problem]]<br />[[Turing machine]]<br />[[Cryptanalysis of the Enigma]]<br />[[Automatic Computing Engine]]<br />[[Turing Award]]<br />[[Turing Test]]<br />[[Turing pattern]]s | prizes = [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />[[Fellow of the Royal Society]] }} I '''Alan Mathison Turing''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|tj|ʊər|ɪ|ŋ}} {{Respell|TEWR|ing}}; 23 Junio 1912 – 7 Junio 1954), metung yang Ingles a [[matematiku]], [[logician]], [[cryptanalyst]] ampong [[computer scientist]]. Maragul ya impluwensiya king pamanalkus ning [[computer science]], at minye yang pormalisasyon ning konseptuo ning "[[algorithm]]" ampong "computation" kapamilatan ning [[Turing machine]], a maragul papil king pamaglalang ning modernung computer.<ref name="frs">{{cite doi|10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019}}</ref><ref name=AFP/> Dakal la reng sasabing i Turing ing [[List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field|ibpa]] ning computer science ampo ning [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Homer, Steven and Alan L. |title=Computability and Complexity Theory|url=http://books.google.com/?id=r5kOgS1IB-8C&pg=PA35|publisher=Springer via Google Books limited view|page=35|isbn=0-387-95055-9|accessdate=13 May 2011|year=2001}}</ref> Anyang Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan, megobra ya i Turing para king [[Government Communications Headquarters#Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS)|Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS)]] king [[Bletchley Park]], Britain's ing sentru na para king [[cryptanalysis|codebreaking]] ning Britania. Mika panaun a yang meging pamuntuk ning [[Hut 8]], ing sangang manibala king naval cryptanalysis a Aleman. Mekapaglalang yang manilan a paralan ba lang lutasan deng [[cipher]] a Aleman, kayabe ya ing kaparalanan ning [[bombe]], metung a makinang [[electromechanics|electromechanical]] a makapanintun pamituldu (setting) para king [[Enigma machine]]. fat boy jim ning gera, megobra ya king [[National Physical Laboratory, UK|National Physical Laboratory]], nung nu ne lelang ing metung kareng mumunang disenyu para king stored-program computer, ing [[Automatic Computing Engine|ACE]]. Anyang 1948, megobra ya i Turing king [[Max Newman|Max Newman's]] Computing Laboratory king [[Victoria University of Manchester|Manchester University]], nung nu ya sinaup king pamanalkus da reng [[Manchester computers]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Leavitt|2007|pp=231–233}}</ref> at megi yang interesadu king [[mathematical biology]]. Sinulat yang artikulu tungkul king batayan nang kemikal ning [[morphogenesis]],<ref>{{Cite journal| last= Turing | first= A. M. | title = The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis | journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B | volume = 237 | pages = 37–72 | year = 1952 | doi=10.1098/rstb.1952.0012| issue= 641| ref= harv}}</ref> at inula (''predicted'') ne ing tungkul kareng [[Chemical clock|oscillating]] [[chemical reaction]]antimo ing [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]], a mumuna rang inobserban anyang dekadang 1960. Uli ning pangabinabai nang Turing, midalum ya anyang 1952, panuan nung kapilan bawal la pa deng dapat a homosexual king Britania. Tinggap na ing pamanulu kapamilatan da reng hormone a pambabai ([[chemical castration]]) antimong alternatibu ning pangasukul. Mete ya anyang 1954, maygit mu king adwang duminggu bayu ing kayang pang apat a pulu't adwang aldo kebaitan, uli ning pangalasun ibat king [[cyanide]]. Agpang king pamagsyasat, migpakamate ya; para king kayang ima ampo reng aliwa, aksidenti ing kayang pangamate. Anyang 10&nbsp;Setiembre 2009, kaybat ning kampanya king Aptas ([[Internet activism|Internet campaign]]), ing Pun Ministro ning Britania, i [[Gordon Brown]], ginawa yang [[#Government apology|opisyal a pamanyad dispensa]] kapamilatan ning kapamahalan ning Britania para king pamagtratu kang Turing kaybat ning gera.<ref name = "PM-apology">{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8249792.stm | title = PM apology after Turing petition | date = 11 September 2009 |work=BBC News }}</ref> == Lon la murin == {{Portal|Biography| Logic}} *[[Good–Turing frequency estimation]] *[[LU Decomposition]] *[[Turing Award]] *[[Turing degree]] *[[Turing completeness]] *[[Turing machine]] *[[Turing machine examples]] *[[Turing pattern]] *[[Turing reduction]] *[[Turing switch]] *[[Turing test]] *[[Unorganized machine]] == Notes == {{Reflist|25em}} == Dalerayan == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book | last = Agar | first = Jon | title = The government machine: a revolutionary history of the computer | publisher=MIT Press | year = 2003 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 978-0-262-01202-7 }} * {{Citation | last = Alexander | first = C. Hugh O'D. | author-link = Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander | year = circa 1945 | title = Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma | url = http://www.ellsbury.com/gne/gne-000.htm | publisher=The National Archives, Kew, Reference HW 25/1}} * {{Cite book | last = Beniger | first = James | title = The control revolution: technological and economic origins of the information society | publisher=Harvard University Press | year = 1986 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 0-674-16986-7 }} * {{Cite book | last = Babbage | first = Charles | author-link = Charles Babbage | year = 1864 | publication-date = 2008 | editor-last = Campbell-Kelly | editor-first = Martin | editor-link = Martin Campbell-Kelly | title = Passages from the life of a philosopher | publisher=Rough Draft Printing | isbn = 978-1-60386-092-5 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Bodanis | first = David | author-link = David Bodanis | title = Electric Universe: How Electricity Switched on the Modern World | year = 2005 |publisher=Three Rivers Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-307-33598-4 | oclc = 61684223 }} * Bruderer, Herbert: [http://www.oldenbourg-verlag.de/wissenschaftsverlag/konrad-zuse-und-schweiz/9783486713664 ''Konrad Zuse und die Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann''] Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2012, XXVI, 224 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-486-71366-4 * {{Cite book | last = Campbell-Kelly | first = Martin | authorlink = Martin Campbell-Kelly | last2 = Aspray | first2 = William | title = Computer: A History of the Information Machine | publisher=Basic Books | year = 1996 | location = New York | isbn = 0-465-02989-2 }} * {{Cite book | last = Ceruzzi | first = Paul | authorlink = Paul Ceruzzi | title = A History of Modern Computing | publisher=MIT Press | year = 1998 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London | isbn = 0-262-53169-0}} * {{Cite book | last = Chandler | first = Alfred | authorlink = Alfred Chandler | title = The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business | publisher=Belknap Press | year = 1977 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 0-674-94052-0 }} * {{Cite journal | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack | authorlink = B. Jack Copeland | title = Colossus: Its Origins and Originators | journal=[[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 38–45 | year = 2004 |doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2004.26 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack (ed.) | authorlink = B. Jack Copeland | title = The Essential Turing | year = 2004 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | isbn = 0-19-825079-7 | oclc = 156728127 224173329 48931664 57434580 57530137 59399569 }} * {{Cite book | last = Copeland (ed.) | first = B. Jack | authorlink = B. Jack Copeland | title = Alan Turing's Automatic Computing Engine | year = 2005 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | isbn = 0-19-856593-3 | oclc = 224640979 56539230 }} * {{Cite book | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack | authorlink = B. Jack Copeland | title = Colossus: The secrets of Bletchley Park's code-breaking computers | year = 2006 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-284055-4 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Edwards | first = Paul N | title = The closed world: computers and the politics of discourse in Cold War America | publisher=MIT Press | year = 1996 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 0-262-55028-8 }} * {{Citation | last = Gannon | first = Paul | title = Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret | place = London | publisher=Atlantic Books | origyear = 2006 | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-84354-331-2 }} * {{Citation | last = Hilton | first = Peter | author-link = Peter Hilton | year = 2006 | chapter = Living with Fish: Breaking Tunny in the Newmanry and Testery }} in {{Harvnb|Copeland|2006|pp=189–203}} * {{Citation | last = Hodges | first = Andrew | authorlink = Hodges, Andrew | origyear = 1983 | year = 1992 | title = Alan Turing: the enigma |location = London | publisher=Burnett Books | isbn = 0-04-510060-8 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Hochhuth | first = Rolf | authorlink = Rolf Hochhuth | title = Alan Turing: en berättelse | publisher=Symposion | year = 1988 | isbn = 978-91-7868-109-9 }} * {{Cite book | last = Leavitt | first = David | authorlink = David Leavitt | year = 2007 | title = The man who knew too much: Alan Turing and the invention of the computer | publisher=Phoenix | isbn = 978-0-7538-2200-5 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Levin | first = Janna | authorlink = Janna Levin | title = A Madman Dreams Of Turing Machines | publisher=Knopf | year = 2006 | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-4000-3240-2 }} * {{Cite book | last = Lewin | first = Ronald | authorlink = Ronald Lewin | title = Ultra Goes to War: The Secret Story | edition = Classic Penguin | series = Classic Military History | year = 1978 | publication-date = 2001 | publisher=Hutchinson & Co | location = London, England | isbn = 978-1-56649-231-7 | ref = harv }} * {{Cite book| last = Lubar | first = Steven | year = 1993 | title = Infoculture | location = Boston, Massachusetts and New York | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | isbn = 0-395-57042-5}} * {{Cite document | last = Mahon | first = A.P. | title = The History of Hut Eight 1939–1945 | publisher=UK National Archives Reference HW 25/2 | year = 1945 | url = http://www.ellsbury.com/hut8/hut8-000.htm | accessdate =10 December 2009 | ref = harv }} * {{Citation | editor-last = Oakley | editor-first = Brian | editor-link = Brian Oakley | title = The Bletchley Park War Diaries: July 1939&nbsp;— August 1945 | publisher=Wynne Press | year = 2006 | edition = 2.6 }} * {{Citation | last = O'Connell | first = H | last2 = Fitzgerald | first2 = M | title = Did Alan Turing have Asperger's syndrome? | journal=Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine | volume = 20 | pages = 28–31 | publisher=Irish Institute of Psychological Medicine | year = 2003 | issn = 0790-9667 }} *{{MacTutor Biography|id=Turing|title=Alan Mathison Turing}} *Petzold, Charles (2008). "[[The Annotated Turing]]: A Guided Tour through Alan Turing's Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine". [[Indianapolis]]: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 978-0-470-22905-7 *Smith, Roger (1997). ''Fontana History of the Human Sciences''. London: Fontana. *Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976). ''Computer Power and Human Reason''. London: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0463-3 * {{Cite book | last = Turing | first = Sara Stoney | title = Alan M Turing | publisher=W Heffer | year = 1959 }} Turing's mother, who survived him by many years, wrote this 157-page biography of her son, glorifying his life. It was published in 1959, and so could not cover his war work. Scarcely 300 copies were sold (Sara Turing to Lyn Newman, 1967, Library of [[St John's College, Cambridge]]). The six-page foreword by [[Lyn Irvine]] includes reminiscences and is more frequently quoted. * {{Cite book | last = Whitemore | first = Hugh | authorlink = Hugh Whitemore | last2 = Hodges | first2 = Andrew | authorlink2 = Andrew Hodges | title = Breaking the code | publisher=S. French | year = 1988 }} This 1986 Hugh Whitemore play tells the story of Turing's life and death. In the original West End and Broadway runs, [[Derek Jacobi]] played Turing and he recreated the role in a 1997 television film based on the play made jointly by the BBC and [[WGBH-TV|WGBH, Boston]]. The play is published by Amber Lane Press, [[Oxford]], ASIN: B000B7TM0Q *Williams, Michael R. (1985) ''A History of Computing Technology'', [[Englewood Cliffs]], [[New Jersey]]: [[Prentice-Hall]], ISBN 0-8186-7739-2 *{{Cite book|last=Yates |first=David M. |title=Turing's Legacy: A history of computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945–1995 |year=1997 |publisher=[[Science Museum, London|London Science Museum]] |location=London |isbn=0-901805-94-7 |oclc=123794619 40624091 }} {{Refend}} == Further reading == *{{MathGenealogy|id=8014}} *{{cite journal|title=The Mind and the Computing Machine: Alan Turing and others|journal=[[The Rutherford Journal]]|url=http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article010111.html |editor = Jack Copeland|ref=harv}} *{{cite encyclopaedia |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |editor=Edward N. Zalta |encyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |title=Alan Turing |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing/ |accessdate=10 January 2011 |edition=Winter 2009 |date=27 August 2007 |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |ref=harv}} *{{cite journal|last=Gray|first=Paul|date=29 March 1999|title=Computer Scientist: Alan Turing|journal=TIME|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html|ref=harv|accessdate=23 June 2012|archivedate=19 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119181237/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html|deadurl=yes}} * Gleick, James, ''[[The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood|The Information: A History, A Theory, A Flood]]'', New York: Pantheon, 2011, ISBN 978-0-375-42372-7 * Leavitt, David, ''The Man Who Knew Too Much: Alan Turing and the Invention of the Computer'', W. W. Norton, 2006 * Turing, Sara, ''[http://www.cambridge.org/asia/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9781107020580 Alan M. Turing]'', Centenary Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-107-02058-0 == External links == {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category|Alan Turing}} *[http://www.iploiesti.ro/alan-turing-sarbatorit-de-google-100-de-ani-de-la-nasterea-lui-alan-turing 100 years from Alan Turing birth] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iploiesti.ro/alan-turing-sarbatorit-de-google-100-de-ani-de-la-nasterea-lui-alan-turing |date=20120830025313 }} *[http://www.rkbexplorer.com/explorer/#display=person%2D%7Bhttp://dblp.rkbexplorer.com/id/people-a27f18ebafc0d76ddb05173ce7b9873d-e0b388b7c1e0985b1371d73ee1fae8b5} Alan Turing] RKBExplorer *[http://www.turingcentenary.eu/ Alan Turing Year] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turingcentenary.eu/ |date=20190818065459 }} *[http://www.topic2012.com/alan-turing/ Google Doodle for Alan Turing 100th Birthday] {{Wayback|url=http://www.topic2012.com/alan-turing/ |date=20120728130829 }} *[http://cie2012.eu/ CiE 2012: Turing Centenary Conference] {{Wayback|url=http://cie2012.eu/ |date=20210815101903 }} *[http://www.visualturing.org/ Visual Turing] {{Wayback|url=http://www.visualturing.org/ |date=20110728163234 }} *[http://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/TuringMachines.html Turing Machine calculators] at [[Wolfram Alpha]] *[http://www.turing.org.uk/ Alan Turing] site maintained by [[Andrew Hodges]] including a [http://www.turing.org.uk/bio/part1.html short biography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turing.org.uk/bio/part1.html |date=20180721235734 }} *[http://www.alanturing.net/ AlanTuring.net&nbsp;– Turing Archive for the History of Computing] by [[Jack Copeland]] *[http://www.turingarchive.org/ The Turing Archive]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&nbsp;– contains scans of some unpublished documents and material from the Kings College, Cambridge archive *{{cite journal|last=Jones|first=G. James|date=11 December 2001|title=Alan Turing&nbsp;– Towards a Digital Mind: Part 1|journal=System Toolbox|publisher=The Binary Freedom Project|url=http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3|ref=harv|accessdate=23 June 2012|archivedate=3 August 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803163318/http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3|deadurl=yes}} *[http://www.sherborne.org/school/School_Archives/ Sherborne School Archives] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sherborne.org/school/School_Archives/ |date=20120723203832 }}&nbsp;– holds papers relating to Alan Turing's time at Sherborne School *[http://openplaques.org/people/368 Alan Turing plaques] {{Wayback|url=http://openplaques.org/people/368 |date=20120324025236 }} recorded on openplaques.org *[http://www.networkworld.com/news/2012/061112-turing-260039.html?page=1 Tech world preps to honor 'Father of Computer Science' Alan Turing, as centenary nears]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} === Papers === *[http://bibnetwiki.org/wiki/Category:Alan_M._Turing_Paper An extensive list of Turing's papers, reports and lectures, plus translated versions and collections] {{Wayback|url=http://bibnetwiki.org/wiki/Category:Alan_M._Turing_Paper |date=20120224231856 }} BibNetWiki *{{AcademicSearch|2612734}} *{{Turing 1950}} * [http://purl.umn.edu/107493 Oral history interview with Nicholas C. Metropolis], [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota. Metropolis was the first director of computing services at [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]; topics include the relationship between Alan Turing and [[John von Neumann]] {{Logic|state=autocollapse}} {{philosophy of mind}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2012}} {{Use British English|date=August 2010}} {{Good article}} |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Paddington]], London, England |DATE OF DEATH={{Death date|df=yes|1954|6|7}} |PLACE OF DEATH=[[Manchester]], England }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turing, Alan}} [[Category:Alan Turing| ]] [[Category:1912 kebaitan]] [[Category:1954 kematyan]] [[Category:20th-century mathematicians]] [[Category:20th-century philosophers]] [[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Artificial intelligence researchers]] [[Category:Bayesian statisticians]] [[Category:Blue plaques]] [[Category:British cryptographers]] [[Category:British long-distance runners]] [[Category:British people of World War II]] [[Category:Computer designers]] [[Category:Computer pioneers]] [[Category:English people of Scottish descent]] [[Category:English atheists]] [[Category:English athletes]] [[Category:English computer scientists]] [[Category:English inventors]] [[Category:English logicians]] [[Category:English mathematicians]] [[Category:English philosophers]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:History of artificial intelligence]] [[Category:Inventors who committed suicide]] [[Category:LGBT people from England]] [[Category:Mathematicians who committed suicide]] [[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:People educated at Sherborne School]] [[Category:People associated with Bletchley Park]] [[Category:People from Maida Vale]] [[Category:People from Wilmslow]] [[Category:People prosecuted under anti-homosexuality laws]] [[Category:Philosophers of mind]] [[Category:Princeton University alumni]] [[Category:Programmers who committed suicide]] [[Category:School of Computer Science, University of Manchester]] [[Category:Scientists who committed suicide]] [[Category:Suicides by poison]] [[Category:Suicides in England]] [[Category:Theoretical computer scientists]] [[Category:Academics of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology]] ptrml3zugue893fx019gnyvzcar9i0e