Kabes di indjan

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="pap">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>papwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_Prinsipal</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Medio</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Spesial</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Diskushon</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Usuario</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Diskushon usuario</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Diskushon Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Fail</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Diskushon fail</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Diskushon MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Malchi</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Diskushon malchi</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Yuda</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Diskushon yuda</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kategoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Diskushon kategoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Kabes di indjan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8304</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207252</id>
      <parentid>203691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wak articulo</comment>
      <origin>207252</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4973" sha1="m9r0on1s5ctoko3809je8xyxu3wwj6o" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Bushi]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Taxobox|c
| tipo = mata
| multi_imagen = {{multiple image
|image1 =Melocactus macracanthos (4901402783).jpg
|caption1=''M. macracanthos''&lt;br&gt;([[Sero Colorado]], [[Aruba]])
|image2 =Bushi (Aruba).jpeg
|caption2=''M. macracanthos'' hubenil (Wariruri, [[Aruba]])
|image3=Melocactus macracanthos 13.jpg
|caption3=Felpa ku fruta ([[Kòrsou]])
|border=infobox
|perrow=1/2
|total_width={{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| descripcion = Bushi na [[Sero Colorado]], Aruba
| reino = [[Matanan|Plantae]]
| division = [[Tracheophyta]]
| clase = [[Spermatopsida]]
| orden = [[Caryophyllales]]
| famia = [[Cadushi (famia)|Cactaceae]]
| genero = ''[[Melocactus]]''
| c-nomber = ''Melocactus macracanthos''
| autor = (Salm-Dyck) [[Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]] &amp; [[Christoph Friedrich Otto |Otto]]
| fecha = 1827
| status = LC
| fuente status = 2011
| sinonimo = * ''Melocactus citrispinus'' &lt;small&gt;Antesb.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Melocactus macrocanthus'' &lt;small&gt;Miq.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Melocactus ×bozsingianus'' &lt;small&gt;Antesberger&lt;/small&gt;
| original=''Cactus macracanthos''
}}
'''Kabes di indjan''' (''Melocactus macracanthos'') ta un [[espesie]] di [[kadushi]] (Cactaceae).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:135530-1|titel=Melocactus macracanthos (Salm-Dyck) Link &amp; Otto {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|bezochtdatum=2026-08-31|werk=Plants of the World Online|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun, manera '''kabes di seru''' òf '''milon di seru''' i na [[Aruba]] i [[Boneiru]] konosi komo '''bushi'''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Frater Arnoldo|A.N. Broeders]], ''Zakflora: wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Curaçao en Bonaire'', Natuurwetenschappelijke Werkgroep Nederlandse Antillen (1954), p. 101.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taksonomia ==
''M. marcracanthos'' tabata originalmente deskribi komo ''Cactus macracanthos'' dor di Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck na 1820.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift |achternaam=Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck |voornaam=Joseph de |titel=''Cactus macracanthos'' |url=https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/botanik/periodical/titleinfo/4507266 |tijdschrift=Observationes Botanicae in Horto Dickensi |datum=1820 |jaargang=1|pagina's=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; E espesie a wòrdu klasifiká di nobo den [[Género (biologia)|género]] ''Melocactus'' dor di Heinrich Friedrich Link i Christoph Friedrich Otto na 1827.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift |tijdschrift=Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königlich Preussischen Staaten |titel= ''Cactus macracanthos''|pagina's=418-419 |jaargang=3 |jaar=1827 |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34139659 |auteur= Link &amp; Otto}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribushon ==
''M. macracanthos'' tin un distribushon geográfikamente nativo na Aruba, Boneiru, [[Kòrsou]], [[Sint Eustatius]], i [[Saba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot; /&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''M. macracanthos'' ta un [[Suculento|sukulento]] suparbusto bòl ku ta demonstrá un variabilidat notabel den su karakterístikanan. E diameter promedio ta 16,5 cm (rango: 9–24 cm), kantidat di repchi promedio ta 14,3 (rango:12–23), e altura promedio, ekskluí e felpa (''sefálio''), ta 12,7 cm (rango: 8–21 cm). 

E felpa, blanku òf krema di koló,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift |achternaam=Thomson |voornaam=George |titel=A revision of the genus Melocactus in Curaçao and Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles with an illustration of the neotype of M. macracanthos |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.25223/brad.n23.2005.a9 |jaargang=23 |tijdschrift=Bradleya |datum=2005-05 |taal=en |nummer=23 |doi=10.25223/brad.n23.2005.a9 |issn=0265-086X |pagina's=79–96}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta retené e fruta te ora e hecha, i despues e fruta ta wòrdu pushá afó i simplemente kai na suela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift |achternaam=Rodgers |voornaam=C. N. |titel=Melocactus macracanthos in habitat |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42786969 |tijdschrift=The Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain |datum=1981 |pagina's=33–36 |issn=0007-9375 |last2=Evans |first2=P. A. |jaargang=43 |nummer=2/3}}&lt;/ref&gt; E fruta ta poko zut, koló [[ros]] te kòrá.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson_2001&quot; details=&quot;p. 463&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=The Cactus Family|auteur=Anderson, Edward F.|jaar=2001|uitgever=Timber Press|plaats=Portland, Or|url=https://archive.org/details/cactusfamily0000ande/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt; Felpa ta kontené sumpiña fini i fruta.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=08|4=31}} Tin un relashon lineal entre e felpa i edat di ''M. macracanthos'', pues mas altu e felpa mas altu e edat, faktornan ambiental tambe por afektá su kresementu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

[[Fail:Collectie Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen TM-20029736 Bloeiende bolcactussen (Melocactus macracanthos) Bonaire Boy Lawson (Fotograaf).jpg|thumb|center|''M. macracanthos'' ku felpa altu (Boneiru)]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Category:Kòrsou]]
[[Category:Boneiru]]
[[Category:Aruba]]
[[Kategoria:Kadushi]]</text>
      <sha1>m9r0on1s5ctoko3809je8xyxu3wwj6o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Malchi:Página Prinsipal Actual</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>10188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207200</id>
      <parentid>206967</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T13:07:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>19/10</comment>
      <origin>207200</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="268" sha1="22oz2b1gx6q5d0wsnoh0d4vv8rsqd0z" xml:space="preserve">{{Columns-list|colwidth=16em|
* [[Dia di Statia]]
* [[Halloween]]
* [[Caricom]]
* [[Vacation rental]]
* [[Starlink]]
* [[Mighty Sparrow]] (1935-2026)
* [[Glenka Antonia]]
* [[Kyano Penso]] 
* [[Faustina Frank]] (1940-2026)
* [[Dia di Boneiru]]
* [[Stòf di Sahara]]
}}</text>
      <sha1>22oz2b1gx6q5d0wsnoh0d4vv8rsqd0z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usuario:Caribiana/Sandbox/Politiko - Islariba</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>12829</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207197</id>
      <parentid>196858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T13:01:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76539" sha1="4g8d5r33inzoit3lzum2mgy2g6n9qec" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart 1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status di un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010.

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di Claude Wathey, fundadó di Partido Democratico di Sint Maarten (DP). El a kompletá su edukashon sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa Merka na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, Rhode Island. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta casa cu Grisha Marten y tin tres yiu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e Konseho Ehekutivo di Sint Maarten[1]—birando na e edat di 25 aña, e atministradó di mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.[2] Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,[3] a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó kla den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger—komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido—a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Vise Promé Minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo *formateur* (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un gobièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger—kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010[4]—no por a bira Promé Minister su mes, el a selektá Marcel Gumbs pa tuma e ròl na nòmber di UP. Heyliger posteriormente a tuma un asiento den Parlamento di Sint Maarten, sirbiendo como miembro y como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UP.

Den e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP a disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[5] Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[6] Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas *formateur*, loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[7] El a keda miembro di parlamento y tambe a sirbi como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di envolvimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento (Statenlid) i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD[8][8] Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibí e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>4g8d5r33inzoit3lzum2mgy2g6n9qec</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207198</id>
      <parentid>207197</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T13:02:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207198</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76550" sha1="sfybjgcspuzw4hgkdn1krybtviy0679" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart 1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status di un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010.

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di Claude Wathey, fundadó di Partido Democratico di Sint Maarten (DP). El a kompletá su edukashon sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa Merka na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, Rhode Island. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e Konseho Ehekutivo di Sint Maarten[1]—birando na e edat di 25 aña, e atministradó di mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.[2] Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,[3] a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó kla den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger—komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido—a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Vise Promé Minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo *formateur* (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un gobièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger—kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010[4]—no por a bira Promé Minister su mes, el a selektá Marcel Gumbs pa tuma e ròl na nòmber di UP. Heyliger posteriormente a tuma un asiento den Parlamento di Sint Maarten, sirbiendo como miembro y como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UP.

Den e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP a disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[5] Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[6] Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas *formateur*, loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[7] El a keda miembro di parlamento y tambe a sirbi como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di envolvimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento (Statenlid) i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD[8][8] Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibí e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>sfybjgcspuzw4hgkdn1krybtviy0679</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207199</id>
      <parentid>207198</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T13:02:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207199</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76559" sha1="2dxrvd1q1z26i7822dhk5y5v4jp7435" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart 1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status di un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010.

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di Claude Wathey, fundadó di Partido Democratico di Sint Maarten (DP). El a kompletá su edukashon sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa Merka na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, Rhode Island. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e Konseho Ehekutivo di Sint Maarten[1]—birando na e edat di 25 aña, e atministradó di mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.[2] Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,[3] a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó kla den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger—komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido—a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Vise Promé Minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo *formateur* (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un gobièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger—kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010[4]—no por a bira Promé Minister su mes, el a selektá Marcel Gumbs pa tuma e ròl na nòmber di UP. Heyliger posteriormente a tuma un asiento den Parlamento di Sint Maarten, sirbiendo como miembro y como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UP.

Den e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP a disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[5] Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[6] Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas *formateur*, loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[7] El a keda miembro di parlamento y tambe a sirbi como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di envolvimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento (Statenlid) i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD[8][8] Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibí e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>2dxrvd1q1z26i7822dhk5y5v4jp7435</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207244</id>
      <parentid>207199</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:30:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207244</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77001" sha1="73ag0sdgrres0abtjp654opmz4pstaq" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart 1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status di un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010.

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di Claude Wathey, fundadó di Partido Democratico di Sint Maarten (DP). El a kompletá su edukashon sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa Merka na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, Rhode Island. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,[3] a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó kla den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger—komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido—a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Vise Promé Minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo *formateur* (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un gobièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger—kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010[4]—no por a bira Promé Minister su mes, el a selektá Marcel Gumbs pa tuma e ròl na nòmber di UP. Heyliger posteriormente a tuma un asiento den Parlamento di Sint Maarten, sirbiendo como miembro y como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UP.

Den e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP a disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[5] Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[6] Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas *formateur*, loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[7] El a keda miembro di parlamento y tambe a sirbi como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di envolvimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento (Statenlid) i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD[8][8] Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibí e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>73ag0sdgrres0abtjp654opmz4pstaq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207245</id>
      <parentid>207244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:35:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207245</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77098" sha1="syi92twrumeharjy6c3i20vw4w5yd47" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,[3] a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó kla den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger—komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido—a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Vise Promé Minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo *formateur* (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un gobièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger—kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010[4]—no por a bira Promé Minister su mes, el a selektá Marcel Gumbs pa tuma e ròl na nòmber di UP. Heyliger posteriormente a tuma un asiento den Parlamento di Sint Maarten, sirbiendo como miembro y como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UP.

Den e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP a disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[5] Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[6] Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas *formateur*, loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[7] El a keda miembro di parlamento y tambe a sirbi como lider di e fraccion parlamentario di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di envolvimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento (Statenlid) i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD[8][8] Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibí e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>syi92twrumeharjy6c3i20vw4w5yd47</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207259</id>
      <parentid>207245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:09:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207259</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="78446" sha1="h2x0ewj1h4cdorpu3zchyb2vt1dn35f" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>h2x0ewj1h4cdorpu3zchyb2vt1dn35f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207261</id>
      <parentid>207259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:15:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207261</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="78882" sha1="1nuelkd5xvcwxkf9d3htjuzjwtkwj12" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>1nuelkd5xvcwxkf9d3htjuzjwtkwj12</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207262</id>
      <parentid>207261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:16:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207262</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="78915" sha1="8zxte9l0avw7wxboq11br6be8uz1jpy" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.[10] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.[11]

E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>8zxte9l0avw7wxboq11br6be8uz1jpy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207264</id>
      <parentid>207262</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:19:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207264</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79520" sha1="30yetzz24fg16hoabsfwmdw8o0hroxb" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.[12][13]

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[14]

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal.
Mas promé e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia Nathalie Tackling a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa liberashon kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>30yetzz24fg16hoabsfwmdw8o0hroxb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207265</id>
      <parentid>207264</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:23:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village */</comment>
      <origin>207265</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80121" sha1="7tppprbdjwltfc25hks4csi6nmwdddv" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, Heyliger a keda liberá trempan—pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn—konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Mas promé den e mesun aña ei, na yüli, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;tud

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>7tppprbdjwltfc25hks4csi6nmwdddv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207266</id>
      <parentid>207265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:30:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village */</comment>
      <origin>207266</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80342" sha1="i2wfo29dn1f9151psxi6mzy290chjcw" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
E caso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;tud

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>i2wfo29dn1f9151psxi6mzy290chjcw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207267</id>
      <parentid>207266</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:33:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasonan Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village */</comment>
      <origin>207267</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80416" sha1="ozl57ysqv98w88uermvr5bd7bgy4d6t" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan penal Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
=== Kaso LCatfish ===
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Larimar === 
E kaso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dia 16 di òktober 2026, despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Dutch Village ===
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>ozl57ysqv98w88uermvr5bd7bgy4d6t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207268</id>
      <parentid>207267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:34:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kaso Larimar */</comment>
      <origin>207268</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80415" sha1="fqnji20l9cdws6rl8g9tzy85nbs0t7k" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=31 oktober 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=23 september 1995|bezochtdatum=23 juni 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=1 juni 2019|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan penal Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
=== Kaso LCatfish ===
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Larimar === 
E kaso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan dia 16 di òktober 2026, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Dutch Village ===
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>fqnji20l9cdws6rl8g9tzy85nbs0t7k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207269</id>
      <parentid>207268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:37:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207269</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80398" sha1="5pj4pzqwi9dutra1ywxac5udjvgoe04" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober]] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|via=Delpher.nl|datum=1995-10-31|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=[[De Volkskrant]]|datum=1995-09-23|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=2019-06-01|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Op grond van art. 50 van de [[Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas haltu.

==Kasonan penal Catfish, Larimar i Dutch Village==
=== Kaso LCatfish ===
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Larimar === 
E kaso di Larimar ta regarda corupcion y fraude na gran escala dentro di e sector di construccion. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan dia 16 di òktober 2026, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Dutch Village ===
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial—ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí—na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>5pj4pzqwi9dutra1ywxac5udjvgoe04</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207270</id>
      <parentid>207269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:42:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207270</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80349" sha1="j0fe3qjzv7yi43ih8lz1lpos40qehrj" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten representando [[United People's Party]]Partido di Pueblo Uni (UP). El a sirbi komo e promé Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura despues di Sint Maarten su logro di e status komo pais konstituyente di Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober]] [[2010]].

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|via=Delpher.nl|datum=1995-10-31|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=De Volkskrant|datum=1995-09-23|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=2019-06-01|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. 

Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Konforme art. 50 di  e Konstitushon di Sint Maarten.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas altu.

==Kasonan penal ==
=== Kaso Catfish ===
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Larimar === 
E kaso di Larimar ta regarda korupshon i froude na gran eskala dentro di e sektor di konstrukshon. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan dia 16 di òktober 2026, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Dutch Village ===
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial, ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí, na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>j0fe3qjzv7yi43ih8lz1lpos40qehrj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207271</id>
      <parentid>207270</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207271</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86182" sha1="8de58734w5wppbt64pgvodo40oc4z3e" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten i fundadó di [[United People's Party]] (UP). Despues ku Sint Maarten a bira un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober]] [[2010]], Heyliger a fungi komo e promé minister enkargá ku Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura di Sint Maarten.

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|via=Delpher.nl|datum=1995-10-31|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=De Volkskrant|datum=1995-09-23|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=2019-06-01|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. 

Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Konforme art. 50 di  e Konstitushon di Sint Maarten.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas altu.

==Kasonan penal ==
=== Kaso Catfish ===
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Larimar === 
E kaso di Larimar ta regarda korupshon i froude na gran eskala dentro di e sektor di konstrukshon. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan dia 16 di òktober 2026, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Dutch Village ===
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyador di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial, ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí, na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (nasé dia [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten i miembro di [[United People's Party]] (UP), konosí na Papiamentu komo Partido di Pueblo Uní. Despues ku Sint Maarten a bira un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober]] [[2010]], Heyliger a fungi komo e promé minister enkargá ku Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura.

Biografia
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey i Emanuel Heyliger, i nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], un polítiko i fundador di [[Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). Despues di kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten, el a muda pa [[Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Ora el a regresá na Sint Maarten, el a kuminsá traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den sektor di transporte.

Heyliger ta kasá ku [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i tin tres yu.

Karera polítiko

Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko den DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Despues ku DP i Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA) a forma un koalishon, el a bira Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den Kolegio Ehekutivo di Sint Maarten. Na e edat di 25 aña, el a bira e diputado mas hòn na Antias Hulandes te na e momento ei.[[1]][[2]]

Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a tuma asiento den Parlamento di Antias Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá na e asiento pa regresá na Sint Maarten komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko, funshon ku el a okupá te na 2010. Durante e periodo ei, el a bira un di e polítikonan di mas influensia na Sint Maarten.[[3]]

Na 2009, Heyliger a sali for di DP i a funda Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). Bou di su liderato, UP a logra resultadonan fuerte den e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2010, 2014 i 2016. Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a risibí mas voto ku kualke otro kandidato den e elekshonnan ei.

Di 10 di òktober 2010 te 21 di mei 2012, Heyliger a fungi komo minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura. Durante e periodo ei, el a fungi tambe komo visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I.

Na 2014, despues ku UP a bira e partido mas grandi den Parlamento ku shete asiento, e gobernadó a nombra Heyliger komo formadó di gobièrnu. Sin embargo, debí na sospechanan di froude elektoral relashoná ku e elekshonnan di 2010, Heyliger no por a asumí e puesto di promé minister.[[4]] P’esei, el a skohe Marcel Gumbs, miembro di UP i lider di frakshon parlamentario di e partido, pa forma e gobièrnu.

Despues di e pasashi di Orkan Irma riba Sint Maarten dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, ku a kousa daño ekstenso i afektá severamente e ekonomia di e isla, DP i UP a disidí di uni nan forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[[5]] Ku Heyliger komo su kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido mas grandi den e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[[6]] Heyliger a wòrdu nombra un biaha mas komo formadó di gobièrnu, loke a resultá den formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[[7]] El a retené su asiento den Parlamento i sigui fungi komo lider di frakshon di UD.

Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su arresto riba sospecha di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon konosí komo Larimar, Heyliger a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di Parlamento. El a keda remové di e funshon ei dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras ku e tabata detení, el a renunsiá komo lider di UD.[[8]][[9]]

Heyliger no a partisipá den e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2020. Su kasá, Grisha Heyliger-Marten, sí a presentá su mes komo kandidata riba lista di UP i a wòrdu eligi pa Parlamento, despues di risibí un kantidat haltu di voto preferensial.

Kasonan penal

Kaso Catfish

Den e kaso Catfish, Heyliger a wòrdu sospechá di ofresé soborno na miembro di Parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di konvensé Laville pa retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, loke lo a kontribuí na e kaida di e gobièrnu.[[10]] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho formal tokante e supuesto intento di soborno na Landsrecherche, e Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo.

Dia 14 di novèmber 2019, Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon. Despues, Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a apelá e desishon.[[11]]

Kaso Larimar

E kaso Larimar tabata trata di korupshon i froude a gran eskala den sektor di konstrukshon. Heyliger a wòrdu akusá di risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña, relashoná ku diferente proyekto di konstrukshon. Segun e akusashon, e pagonan tabata un kompensashon pa otorgá kontrato di gobièrnu durante e periodo ku el a okupá funshonnan públiko.

Dia 15 di mei 2020, Heyliger a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn den e kaso.[[12]][[13]]

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wòrdu liberá promé ku tempu dia 16 di òktober 2026, a base di un skarsedat di kapasidat den e sistema di prizòn i di konformidat ku artíkulo 1:37 di Kódigo Penal. Na yüli di e mesun aña, minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a rechasá un petishon anterior pa libertat trempan. Segun e kalkulashon ku a usa na e momento ei, Heyliger no lo tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal ordinario promé ku 27 di yanüari 2027.[[14]][[15]]

Kaso Dutch Village
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata relashoná ku akusashonnan di korupshon. Segun e kaso, un desaroyadó a wòrdu obligá pa entregá na Heyliger un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí. Despues ku e asunto a kousa kontroversia, e akuerdo a kai.

Den un proseso sivil, na 2025 Heyliger a wòrdu ordená pa paga USD 92,1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[[16]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>8de58734w5wppbt64pgvodo40oc4z3e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207272</id>
      <parentid>207271</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-20T07:25:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kaso Dutch Village */</comment>
      <origin>207272</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86182" sha1="3uueotczkryjlx1ovsfzoslxu90x1y9" xml:space="preserve">''__NOINDEX__''
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Theo Heyliger
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], [[United People's Party|UPP]] i [[United Democrats|UD]]
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (☆ [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten i fundadó di [[United People's Party]] (UP). Despues ku Sint Maarten a bira un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober]] [[2010]], Heyliger a fungi komo e promé minister enkargá ku Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura di Sint Maarten.

==Biografia==
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey y Emanuel Heyliger, y nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], polítiko i fundadó di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). El a kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten promé ku el a muda pa [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Na su regreso, Heyliger a traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den e sektor di transporte. Heyliger ta kasá cu [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i ta tata di tres yu.

===Karera polítiko===
Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko ku DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Ora e partidonan SPA i DP a forma un koalishon “nashonal”, el a tuma ofisina komo Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den e [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] di Sint Maarten, birando na e edat di 25 aña, e diputado mas yòn Antia Hulandes a yega di konosé.&lt;ref&gt;
{{Citeer web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644982:mpeg21:a0089|titel=Politieke situatie op Sint Maarten toch niet stabiel|werk=[[Amigoe]]|via=Delpher.nl|datum=1995-10-31|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/paradise-lost~b864ed0b/|auteur=Gollin, Rob|titel=Paradise Lost|werk=De Volkskrant|datum=1995-09-23|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a sirbi komo miembro di Parlamento di Antia Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá di e posishon ei pa regresá komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko pa Sint Maarten, un ròl ku el a okupá te na 2010. Heyliger, pa e tempu ei e polítiko mas poderoso na Sint Maarten,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/sint-maarten-heeft-nog-paar-maanden-voor-wetgeving-rond-witwassen~b952fffe/|auteur=Broere, Kees|werk=De Volkskrant|titel=Sint Maarten heeft nog paar maanden voor wetgeving rond witwassen|datum=2019-06-01|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; a kibra for di DP na 2009 i a funda e Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). UP a sali komo e ganadó klá den e elekshonnan parlamentario susesivo di 2010, 2014 i 2016, ku Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a sigurá hopi mas voto ku kualke otro polítiko na Sint Maarten. 

Entre 10 di òktober 2010, i 21 di mei 2012, el a fungi komo Minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Terimidat, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura, miéntras ku e tabata okupá tambe e posishon di Visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I. Na 2014, despues di e éksito di UP den bira e partido di mas grandi ku shete asiento, e Gobernador a nombra Heyliger komo [[formado]] (e funshonario enkargá ku forma un goièrnu nobo). Komo ku Heyliger, kende tabata sospechá di froude elektoral na 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/binnenhof-bezorgd-om-verkiezingen-op-sint-maarten~bb1d2606/|werk=De Volkskrant|auteur=Meijer, Remco|titel=Binnenhof bezorgd om verkiezingen op Sint Maarten|datum=29 augustus 2014|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, no por a bira [[promé minister]], el a selektá [[Marcel Gumbs]] pa tuma e ròl na nòmber komo miembro y como lider di frakshon di UP.

Tras e konsekuensianan di Orkan Irma, ku a asotá e isla severamente dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, i a pone e ekonomia para ketu, DP i UP disidí di uni forsa bou di e nòmber [[United Democrats]] (UD).&lt;ref&gt;''The Daily Herald'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20190819053809/https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/72441-up-and-dp-merge-as-united-democrats UP and DP merge as ‘United Democrats’], 5 januari 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku Heyliger komo nan kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido di mas grandi na Sint Maarten durante e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921195123/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/special-campaigns/Parliamentary-Elections/2018/Pages/Overall-Election-Results.aspx Overall Election Results 2018] op www.sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger a wòrdu nombrá un biaha mas formado loke a kondusí na formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer nieuws|url=https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2018/03/16/heyliger-benoemd-tot-formateur-nieuwe-regering-st-maarten/|auteur=Haar, Hilbert|titel=Heyliger benoemd tot formateur nieuwe regering St. Maarten|werk=Caribisch Netwerk|datum=16 maart 2018|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt; El a mantene su asiento den parlamento i tambe tabata lider di e frakshon di UD. 

Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su aresto riba sospecho di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon di Larimar, el a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di parlamento i seguidamente kita for di trabou dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras e tabata den su sèl di prizòn, el a renunsiá komo lider di e partido UD.&lt;ref&gt;Konforme art. 50 di  e Konstitushon di Sint Maarten.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/james-credentials-as-substitute-mp-to-be-examined-on-monday-the-daily-herald/ 20 maart 2019]&lt;/ref&gt; Heyliger no a partisipá na elekshonnan di 2020; sinembargo, su kasá a kore komo kandidato i a wòrdu eligi pa parlamento riba e lista di partido UP, risibiendo e kantidat di voto preferensial mas altu.

==Kasonan penal ==
=== Kaso Catfish ===
Den e kaso di Catfish, Heyliger tabata sospechá di a ofresé soborno na miembro di parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di lag’é retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, kousando asina su kolapso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|werk=[[Antilliaans Dagblad]]|titel=Heyliger twee keer voor de rechter|datum=2019-10-23|bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=2019-11-20|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120060736/https://antilliaansdagblad.com/sint-maarten/20315-heyliger-twee-keer-voor-de-rechter|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho ofisial di intento di soborno na Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo (Landsrecherche). Riba 14 di novèmber 2019 Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon; e Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a entregá un apelashon despues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/prosecutors-office-to-appeal-theos-acquittal-the-daily-herald/|titel=Prosecutor’s Office to appeal Theo’s acquittal |datum=2019-11-28|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Larimar === 
E kaso di Larimar ta regarda korupshon i froude na gran eskala dentro di e sektor di konstrukshon. Heyliger a keda akusá di a risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña en konekshon ku vários proyekto di konstrukshon, a kambio di otorgá kontratonan di gobièrnu miéntras e tabata okupá funshon públiko. Dia 15 di mei 2020, el a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/breaking-news-former-member-of-parliament-theo-heyliger-was-found-guilty-of-accepting-bribesand-of-laundering-almost-usd-4-million Theo guilty of taking bribes, money laundering, gets 60 months], The Daily Herald, 15 mei 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fd.nl/samenleving/1587164/boete-volkerwessels-en-ex-directeur-voor-omkoping-minister-op-sint-maarten Boete VolkerWessels en ex-directeur voor omkoping minister op Sint Maarten ]&lt;/ref&gt;

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wordo laga den libertat trempan dia 16 di òktober 2026, pa motibu di un skarsedat di kapasidat di prizòn, konforme artíkulo 1:37 di e Kódigo Penal. Na yüli mesun aña, Minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a nenga un petishon pa libertat trempan. A base di e kalkulashon ku a usa e tempu ei, Heyliger lo no tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal standart te ku 27 di yanüari 2027.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/former-mp-theo-heyliger-released-served-1-102-days Former MP Theo Heyliger released, served 1,102 days], thedailyherald.sx (16 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crimesite.nl/veroordeelde-toppoliticus-vervroegd-vrijgelaten-op-sint-maarten/ Veroordeelde toppoliticus vervroegd vrijgelaten op Sint Maarten], crimesite.nl (18 di oktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kaso Dutch Village ===
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata enbolbí korupshon. Un desaroyadó di proyekto a wòrdu obligá pa entregá un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial, ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí, na Heyliger. Debí na e agitashon ku a sigui, henter e akuerdo a kai, i den un demanda sivil, Heyliger a wòrdu ordená na 2025 pa paga $92.1 mion na daño i perhuisio.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.curacao.nu/nieuws/sint-maarten/81389/theo-heyliger-moet-92-miljoen-dollar-betalen-voor-saboteren-havenproject&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

'''Theodore E. (Theo) Heyliger''' (nasé dia [[30 di mart]] [[1970]] na [[Sint Maarten]]) ta un polítiko di Sint Maarten i miembro di [[United People's Party]] (UP), konosí na Papiamentu komo Partido di Pueblo Uní. Despues ku Sint Maarten a bira un pais konstituyente den Reino Hulandes dia [[10 di òktober]] [[2010]], Heyliger a fungi komo e promé minister enkargá ku Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura.

Biografia
Theo Heyliger ta yu di Lillian Agnes Wathey i Emanuel Heyliger, i nieto di [[Claude Wathey]], un polítiko i fundador di [[Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Maarten]] (DP). Despues di kompletá su enseñansa sekundario na Sint Maarten, el a muda pa [[Merka]] na 1989 pa sigui su estudio na Johnson &amp; Wales College na Providence, [[Rhode Island]]. Ora el a regresá na Sint Maarten, el a kuminsá traha pa Intermar Shipping, e negoshi di famia den sektor di transporte.

Heyliger ta kasá ku [[Grisha Heyliger-Marten]] i tin tres yu.

Karera polítiko

Heyliger a kuminsá su karera polítiko den DP i a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di Konseho Insular na 1995. Despues ku DP i Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA) a forma un koalishon, el a bira Komisario di Turismo, Asuntunan Ekonómiko i Transporte den Kolegio Ehekutivo di Sint Maarten. Na e edat di 25 aña, el a bira e diputado mas hòn na Antias Hulandes te na e momento ei.[[1]][[2]]

Despues di e elekshonnan parlamentario di 1998, Heyliger a tuma asiento den Parlamento di Antias Hulandes. Na 1999, el a renunsiá na e asiento pa regresá na Sint Maarten komo Komisario di Obra Públiko i Vivienda Públiko, funshon ku el a okupá te na 2010. Durante e periodo ei, el a bira un di e polítikonan di mas influensia na Sint Maarten.[[3]]

Na 2009, Heyliger a sali for di DP i a funda Partido di Pueblo Uní (UP). Bou di su liderato, UP a logra resultadonan fuerte den e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2010, 2014 i 2016. Heyliger, komo e kandidato prinsipal di e partido, a risibí mas voto ku kualke otro kandidato den e elekshonnan ei.

Di 10 di òktober 2010 te 21 di mei 2012, Heyliger a fungi komo minister di Vivienda Públiko, Planifikashon di Espasio, Medio Ambiente i Infrastruktura. Durante e periodo ei, el a fungi tambe komo visepromé minister den e gabinete Wescot-Williams I.

Na 2014, despues ku UP a bira e partido mas grandi den Parlamento ku shete asiento, e gobernadó a nombra Heyliger komo formadó di gobièrnu. Sin embargo, debí na sospechanan di froude elektoral relashoná ku e elekshonnan di 2010, Heyliger no por a asumí e puesto di promé minister.[[4]] P’esei, el a skohe Marcel Gumbs, miembro di UP i lider di frakshon parlamentario di e partido, pa forma e gobièrnu.

Despues di e pasashi di Orkan Irma riba Sint Maarten dia 6 di sèptèmber 2017, ku a kousa daño ekstenso i afektá severamente e ekonomia di e isla, DP i UP a disidí di uni nan forsa bou di e nòmber United Democrats (UD).[[5]] Ku Heyliger komo su kandidato prinsipal, UD a bira e partido mas grandi den e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2018.[[6]] Heyliger a wòrdu nombra un biaha mas komo formadó di gobièrnu, loke a resultá den formashon di e gabinete Marlin-Romeo II.[[7]] El a retené su asiento den Parlamento i sigui fungi komo lider di frakshon di UD.

Na mart 2019, un luna despues di su arresto riba sospecha di enbolbimentu den e kaso di korupshon konosí komo Larimar, Heyliger a wòrdu suspendé komo miembro di Parlamento. El a keda remové di e funshon ei dia 10 di febrüari 2020. Miéntras ku e tabata detení, el a renunsiá komo lider di UD.[[8]][[9]]

Heyliger no a partisipá den e elekshonnan parlamentario di 2020. Su kasá, Grisha Heyliger-Marten, sí a presentá su mes komo kandidata riba lista di UP i a wòrdu eligi pa Parlamento, despues di risibí un kantidat haltu di voto preferensial.

Kasonan penal

Kaso Catfish

Den e kaso Catfish, Heyliger a wòrdu sospechá di ofresé soborno na miembro di Parlamento Romain Laville entre 2012 i 2013, ku e intenshon di konvensé Laville pa retirá su sosten pa e gabinete Wescot-Williams II, loke lo a kontribuí na e kaida di e gobièrnu.[[10]] Na mart 2013, Laville a entregá un keho formal tokante e supuesto intento di soborno na Landsrecherche, e Agensia Nashonal di Detektivo.

Dia 14 di novèmber 2019, Korte den Promé Instansia a apsolvé Heyliger di tur akusashon. Despues, Servisio di Ministerio Públiko a apelá e desishon.[[11]]

Kaso Larimar

E kaso Larimar tabata trata di korupshon i froude a gran eskala den sektor di konstrukshon. Heyliger a wòrdu akusá di risibí USD 4 mion na soborno durante un periodo di 15 aña, relashoná ku diferente proyekto di konstrukshon. Segun e akusashon, e pagonan tabata un kompensashon pa otorgá kontrato di gobièrnu durante e periodo ku el a okupá funshonnan públiko.

Dia 15 di mei 2020, Heyliger a wòrdu sentensiá na sinku aña di prizòn den e kaso.[[12]][[13]]

Despues di 1.102 dia di enkarselashon, Heyliger a wòrdu liberá promé ku tempu dia 16 di òktober 2026, a base di un skarsedat di kapasidat den e sistema di prizòn i di konformidat ku artíkulo 1:37 di Kódigo Penal. Na yüli di e mesun aña, minister di Hustisia [[Nathalie Tackling]] a rechasá un petishon anterior pa libertat trempan. Segun e kalkulashon ku a usa na e momento ei, Heyliger no lo tabata eligibel pa libertat kondishonal ordinario promé ku 27 di yanüari 2027.[[14]][[15]]

Kaso Dutch Village
E kaso Dutch Village tambe tabata relashoná ku akusashonnan di korupshon. Segun e kaso, un desaroyadó a wòrdu obligá pa entregá na Heyliger un parti di e entrada di hür di un sentro komersial ku ainda mester a wòrdu konstruí. Despues ku e asunto a kousa kontroversia, e akuerdo a kai.

Den un proseso sivil, na 2025 Heyliger a wòrdu ordená pa paga USD 92,1 mion na daño i perhuisio.[[16]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heyliger, Theo}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]
-------------------------
{{Infobox dignatario| variante = c
| nomber completo = Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| sucesion      = [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|Gezaghebber di Saba]]
| periodo start = [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]]
| periodo fin   = presente
| monarkia      = [[Rey Willem-Alexander|Willem-Alexander]] 
| prome minister= [[Rob Jetten]]
| antecesor     = [[Jonathan Johnson]]
| sucesor       = 
| sucesion2     = 
|periodo start2 = 
|periodo fin2   = 
|antecesor2     = 
| pais          = {{NLD}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polis, politiko
}}
'''Jocelyn Roberto Levenstone''' (☆ ± 1969 na [[Saba]]) ta un funshonario públiko [[Hulanda|hulandes]], ku ta sirbi komo [[Lista di Gezaghebber di Saba|gezaghebber di Saba]] for di [[1 di yüli]] [[2026]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/yuli/09/jocelyn-levenstone-a-huramenta-komo-gezagheber-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone a huramentá komo gezaghèber di Saba], [[Servisio di Reino Hulanda Karibense|RCN]] (10 di yüli 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bida i karera ==
Levenstone a nase na Saba i a sigui un estudio pa polis, despues di kua el a kuminsá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes (KPNA).&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Durante su karera, el a sigui diferente kurso i entrenamentu den liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Despues di su trabou den polis, el a traha pa diessinku aña na [[Wardakosta Karibe Hulandes]], unda el a akumula eksperensia den kontrol di frontera, seguridat marítimo i operashonnan di buskeda i reskate.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt; 

Di 2012 te 2018, Levenstone a funshoná komo Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di [[Sint Maarten]].&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el tabata Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;2&quot;/&gt; For di 2023 te kuminsamentu di 2026, el a sirbi komo direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=:&quot;3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

Na 2026, Sekretario di Estado di Relashonnan den Reino, [[Eric van der Burg]] a propon’é komo gezaghebber di Saba, i su nombramentu a bai na vigor riba 1 di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; El a sigui [[Jonathan Johnson]], kende a okupá e funshon for di 2008.

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Gobièrnu]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Saba]]

----------------------


J.R. (Jocelyn) Levenstone ta bira gezaghebber di Saba. Sekretario di Estado [[Eric van der Burg]] di Relashonnan den Reino i Gobièrnu Desisivo a propon’é na Konseho di Minister.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://papiamentu.rijksdienstcn.com/aktual/notisia/2026/mei/29/jocelyn-levenstone-ta-bira-gezagheber-nobo-di-saba Jocelyn Levenstone ta bira gezaghèber nobo di Saba], RCN (29 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Jocelyn Levenstone (57) a nase na Saba. &lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E tabata direktor di Imigrashon i Vigilansia di frontera na Sint Maarten for di 2023 te inisio di 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Entre 2018 i 2023 el a traha komo Hefe di e Punto di Sosten di Wardakosta na Sint Maarten.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;&gt;[https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/levenstone-is-new-coast-guard-substation-head-for-st-maarten-philipsburg-the-coast-guard-substation-in-st-maarten Levenstone is new Coast Guard substation head for St. Maarten], The Daily Herald (6 di oktober 2018)&lt;/ref&gt; Anteriormente e tabata entre otro Hefe di Seguridat i Vigilansia di haf di Sint Maarten di 2012 te ku 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;2&quot;/&gt;

Mener Levenstone a hasi estudio di polis i a inisiá su karera na Kuerpo Polisial Antia Hulandes. Durante di su karera el a sigui vários estudio di liderazgo i maneho.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

E nombramentu di señor Levenstone komo gezaghebber ta bai na vigor entrante promé di yüli 2026.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt; Hij is de opvolger van Jonathan G.A Johnson, gezaghebber sedert juli 2008.

PHILIPSBURG:--- Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone, a veteran law enforcement and border control professional with nearly 35 years’ experience, was dismissed on Friday from his post as head of Sint Maarten’s Immigration Department by Minister of Justice Nathalie Tackling. Despite his extensive background—which includes key roles with the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, Port Sint Maarten, and as a police officer—Levenstone’s leadership faced escalating challenges leading to his removal after persistent concerns about underperformance and operational backlogs.&lt;ref&gt;[https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/49821-head-of-immigration-dismissed-amid-performance-concerns-and-backlogs.html Head of Immigration Dismissed Amid Performance Concerns and Backlogs], smn-news.com (23 di yanüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;
----
Sint Maarten's Law Enforcement and Border Control gained an asset with the appointment of Mr. Jocelyn R. Levenstone as the new Head of Immigration. With a remarkable career spanning nearly 35 years in Law Enforcement, Coastguard operations, safety, and security management, Mr. Levenstone's diverse and extensive background positions him to lead the Immigration department into a new era of efficiency and effectiveness.

Levenstone’s journey began as a dedicated Police Officer at KPNA, where he served for eight years, specializing in law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, public safety, and as a key member of the Arrest Team.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/news/pages/Levenstone-Takes-Center-Stage-as-Integral-Part-of-Immigration.aspx Levenstone Takes Center Stage as Integral Part of Immigration], Gobièrnu di Sint Maarten (15 di oktober 2023)&lt;/ref&gt;

Following this, Levenstone devoted fifteen years to the Dutch Caribbean Coastguard, where he amassed invaluable knowledge in Maritime Law, security, border control, search and rescue operations, and inter-agency collaboration. His experiences in this role honed his skills in addressing maritime immigration challenges and maritime border enforcement.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

Having served as the Manager of Safety and Security at Port Sint Maarten for nearly seven years, Mr. Levenstone played a pivotal role in overseeing critical aspects of border control. He was responsible for managing access points, implementing rigorous security protocols, and ensuring strict compliance with international safety standards related to national security.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;

In his previous role as the Head of Coastguard Substation on Sint Maarten for five years, Mr. Levenstone exhibited exceptional leadership skills, demonstrating his ability to effectively manage teams, coordinate complex operations, and make sound decisions even in high-pressure environments.&lt;ref name=:'3&quot;/&gt;


{{DEFAULTSORT:Levenstone, Jocelyn}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

------------------
FB Public Entity Saba:The appointment of Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone. The historic appointment by the Dutch Kingdom Minister and the Office of the Dutch Representative Honorable Jan Helmond, I must clearly emphasize and highlight that this appointment honors the memory of Honorable Saban Sea Captain Matthew Levenstone. The new resourceful leadership of Saban Lieutenant Governor Honorable Outstanding Jocelyn Levenstone ushers in a new time of Equality, Human Rights, Immigrants Rights, Human Dignity, Social Justice and Transparency, Integrity in Government on the island Dutch Caribbean Territory Saba; (Saba-News )The Outstanding Honorable Saban Lieutenant Governor: Jocelyn Levenstone who is a descendant of a Saban Civil Rights Leader Honorable Matthew Levenstone. Matthew Levenstone who was a prominent and influential political and historical leader of the Caribbean island of Saba. He is widely remembered for laying the foundations of local democratic representation and for his family’s legacy in public service. Leadership in Saba: As a Hardworking, Honest and Decent Saban man He served for 20 years as a key member of the Island Council and the Executive Council Commissioner of Saba 1951-1963 along with Honorable Ulric Hassell, as Deputy Commissioner of Saba. In 1963 he handed over the leadership to Honorable Saban Junior Minister of State of the Netherlands Antilles: Max Nicholson ( Deputy Commissioner of Saba: 1963 to 1971) first appointed Spoke Person for Saba in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in 1982 of Pioneering Vision: Honorable Captain Matthew Levenstone is historically recognized as a legendary politician who promoted civic development and local political autonomy. Political Dynasty: Upon retiring from active politics in 1975, he passed the torch to his son, the equally historic political leader Honorable Ishmael Mathew Levenston, founder of the Saba Labour Party. His gran-daughter Akilah Akilah M. Levenstone Levenstone also carries the torch now! Due to Matthew Levenstone his historical impact on the Saban community, there are significant physical tributes in his honor located in The Bottom, the capital of Saba.
After Matthews Levenstone Honorable Service and Leadership to Saba the Legendary years of Saban Politician Max Nicholson came to take place in Saban history:
Max founded The Voice of Saba: A Local Caribbean Radio Station started by Max Nicholson;(Maximiliaan Wilhelm Nicholson) a local young Saban politician; who became commissioner of Saba at the age of 29 in 1963 until 1971. The Voice of Saba Radio Station went on air on the small Dutch island of Saba officially on November 25, 1971. Dr. J. Hartog wrote about Max Nicholson in his book (History of Saba).
Max was born on August 19th, 1934 on Saba Dutch Caribbean. His Wife was Germaine Nicholson. His Father was John Lionel Nicholson born in St. Maarten who was a big businessman in Aruba and in St. Maarten. His Mother was Polly Geraldine Nicholson Dunker. Max also was the first ever known Saban first Spoke-Person or Representative for Saba something like the first Senator for Saba in the Central Government in the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao in 1982. As the first Saban Representative or Spoke-person for Saba of the Netherlands Antilles in Curacao Central Government, this position along with Saba Secretary of State and Senator was pioneered and requested to be created by Max Nicholson himself; due to his outstanding Dynamics and relations in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles; No other so call Saban politician could have achieved this.
Max Nicholson became the first Saban to become a member of the Staten in the Legislature of the Netherlands Antilles in 1967 and the first Saban Secretary of State of the Netherlands Antilles in 1991. Max Nicholson then went on to become the first Saban Junior Minister of State of General Affairs under the office of the Minister of General Affairs in 1993 in the cabinet of: Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters in the Central Government of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles.
The Prime Minister of Curacao Maria Liberia Peters (1984-1986) and in (1988-1994) her mother Mabel Albertina Hassell Peters was born on Saba Dutch Caribbean. Prime Minister Maria Liberia Peters was born in the midst of World War Il in Willemstad the capital of the island of Curacao of the Netherlands Antilles on May 20, 1941.
Max Nicholson was the Acting Lieutenant Governor of Saba in the nineties. He was the biggest and most renowned businessman and politician of Saba island. He and his wife Germaine Nicholson founded Saba Coralita Foundation. Max Nicholson was the Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club, He was the owner of Satel N.V., Owner of SOL Saba and ESSO Gas, Owner of the Admiral Cargo Boat Il, Founder and Owner of Saba and Statia Cable TV . He received the Melvin Jones Fellow Award for dedicated humanitarian Services by the Lion’s Club International Foundation.
Max Nicholson also received a testimony of Sincere Appreciation presented to him in honor and with deep appreciation of Max Nicholson’s distinguished and unselfish service given to the Lion’s Club International while serving with Outstanding Leadership, Vision and Ability in The Lion’s Club of Saba as President in 1977 -1978 and Founder of the Saba Leo’s Club.
Max Nicholson was honored in April 2, 1985 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands as a Knight in the Order of Oranje Nassau # nr. #4
and then again in December 13, 1995 nr. # 95.0008655
He once said very passionately:
This is My island Saba! I was born here and I will do whatever it takes to develop it!!!!
I hope that in the spirit Honorable Matthew Levenstone and of Max Nicholson Lieutenant Governor Jocelyn Levenstone Will do whatever it takes to keep developing Saba!!!
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”
Presidente: John F. Kennedy— Address in Frankfurt, June 25, 1963
Cristian Hassell Feliciano

-------------------
zie wiki.nl
Overview: '''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (born 11 May 1950) is a Sint Maarten politician of the United People's Party (UPP). He has been a member of Parliament since 10 October 2010, serving as President of Parliament ...
Date of birth: 11 May 1950
Age: 75
Occupation: Politician
-----
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Richenel Brug
| imagen        = 
| descripcion   = 
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{SXM}}
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = polítiko
}}
'''Richenel S.J. Brug''' (☆ 19?? na [[Kòrsou]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na partido [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM). Entre .. i 29 di mei 2026 e tabata minister di Salu publiko, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor na St. Maarten.

Biografia
Brug a nace na Curacao y a muda pa Sint Maarten ora e tabatin cinco aña. El a lanta den Town, dor di mayornan Antiano i West-Indian, su mayornan a inkulká den dje balornan i prinsipionan kristian fuerte.

Brug, ambtenaar den Ministerio di Enseñansa pa casi un decada, a sirbi como miembro di Gabinete di ex Minister di Husticia, Sr. Raphael Boasman. Tambe el a traha den Parlamento den e funshon di funshonario haltu di beleid den frakshon di èks Vise Presidente di Parlamento, Sr. Romain Laville. Durante su periodo den Parlamento, el a hunga un ròl kompliká den e proseso inisial di investigashon i strukturashon pa krea e Programa di Desayuno “Healthfast” ku a proveé ​​desayuno na muchanan na tur Skol Públiko. El a kontribuí na dos konsepto di MOU.

On Sunday, March 19th, 2023, Mr. Richinel Brug released a statement officially announcing his candidacy for the URSM. Brug, is no stranger to the political arena as he has been an active member of the community for most of his life. Brug was born in Curacao and moved to Sint Maarten when he was five years old. He was raised in Town, by Antillean and West-Indian parents, his parents instilled in him strong Christian values and principles. “I believe it is my responsibility to contribute to a better Sint Maarten for not only myself and my family but for all Sint Maarteners.&lt;ref&gt;https://smn-news.com/index.php/st-maarten-st-martin-news/42647-richinel-brug-officially-joins-ursm.html Richinel Brug officially joins URSM], 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

Brug, a civil servant in the Ministry of Education for almost a decade, served as a member of the Cabinet of the former Minister of Justice, Mr. Raphael Boasman. He also worked in Parliament in the capacity of senior policy officer in the faction of former Vice President of Parliament, Mr. Romain Laville. During his tenure in Parliament, he played an intricate role in the initial researching and structuring process to create the “Healthfast” Breakfast Program that provided breakfast to children in all Public Schools. He contributed to two draft MOUs. A MOU between the Government of Dominica and Sint Maarten, providing five free scholarships for Sint Maarten students to study medicine and agriculture in Dominica and Cuba. A second MOU between Newark, New Jersey, and the Government of Sint Maarten, providing In-State tuition for our students to study at Rutgers University. Unfortunately, even though ratified by the respective country and state, these MOUs were never ratified by the Government of Sint Maarten. Brug also worked on the District Cleaning project leading to the restructuring of the entire garbage contract in Sint Maarten. This allowed our young men in the different neighborhoods an opportunity to partake in cleaning projects.

In addition, Brug worked on several motions passed on the floor of Parliament. One very important motion Brug worked on tirelessly as a senior policy officer in Parliament, was the motion passed on April 17th, 2013. This motion was a result of the mass layoffs of the Pelican Saga. The motion instructed the then Minister of Labor to amend the labor laws governing Sint Maarten to include an article on the protection of employees and their rights by transfer of ownership of a company, as is done in the Netherlands, in accordance with the then Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code, title 10, section B, Articles 662-666 (“rechten van werknemers bij overgang”). After an entire decade this motion that was presented in Parliament: became law last year!

On Monday, March 20th, 2023, Brug was a guest on the live Table Talk Facebook program of the URSM. During this program, he further elaborated on the reasons why he chose the URSM party. He explained: “since resigning from my former political party in December 2022, I immediately began searching in consultation with family, close friends, and supporters, for an alternative political party. Sitting out any election is not an option as long as our people continue to live in hardship, without adequate representation in both the executive and legislative branches of Government. I have been searching for a party that shares my values and principles. In my opinion, it is high time we start to elect men and women of integrity to Parliament. We owe it to the previous generations and those to come.”
“The political party must share my stands regarding issues that continuously plague our people: the core objective is to truly serve and improve the quality of life of all the citizens of Sint. Maarten. I emphasize on Integrity as it is a core pillar of Good Governance. I believe in the empowerment of all citizens and equal opportunity for all. I believe in a party that is led by a leader that is competent and has a vision for Sint Maarten.”

“At the end of my search, the URSM, a movement not a party, stood out the most amongst all currently established and new political parties. URSM has a completely new approach for the formation and operation of its organization”, said Brug.
Some key factors that led to his decision to join URSM are the continued empowerment of its members and potential candidates through seminars and training with entities such as the SER and the Integrity Chamber, and the practice of screening candidates before joining the list to create stability within the party and develop team building.

The leader of the URSM Dr. Luc Mercelina expressed his gratitude to Mr. Brug for joining the movement. “I am elated to have Richinel Brug on board. Mr. Brug is a man of principles, who continues to serve the Sint Maarten people in different capacities. He is ready to represent our people in Parliament and I am happy he chose the URSM as his vehicle to positively change Sint Maarten.”
Brug concluded by asking everyone to join him on his journey with the URSM as he contests the upcoming elections with the aim to truly help the people of Sint Maarten. He promised to prove his LEGISLATIVE case to be elected as a Member of Parliament.

-----------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber  = Will Johnson
| imagen        = WillJohnsonSaba.jpg
| descripcion   = Johnson na 2015
| antecesor     = 
| sucesor       = 
| pais          = {{NLD}} - [[Saba]]
| partido       = 
| ofishi        = edukador, polítiko
}}
'''Will Johnson''' (☆ 1941 na [[Saba]]) ta un maestro, eskritor i polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]]. El a publiká kolumna i artíkulonan, i komo polítiko tabata diputado insular i miembro di [[Konseho Insular]] pa [[Partido polítiko|partido]] [[Windward Islands People's Movement]].

Biografia

Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestrès aña el a bai skol na Curaçao. Na òktober 1960 el a muda pa Sint Maarten, kaminda un aña despues el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion.

Na 1968, el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa mas di binti sinku aña, i tambe e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues, el a kontribuí na e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Ademas, el a skirbi vários novela i buki ku tema polítiko.[1]

Profesionalmente, Johnson tabata un maestro.[2]

Karera polítiko

Johnson a keda aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di e konseho insular di Saba.[1]

El tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e proseso di reformanan konstitushonal di Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, spesialmente den e periodo 2004 te 2007.[3]

Den su posishonnan polítiko, el a ekspresá oposishon kontra e introdukshon di sierto leynan Hulandes. Segun el, “nos komprendementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga”.[2]

Na 2010, el a retirá for di polítika aktivo, pero el a sigui aktivo komo presidente di Windward Islands People's Movement.[4]

Aktividat despues di polítika

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, Johnson a wòrdu nombrá komo un di e direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.[2]

El a sigui ekspresá su opinion polítiko, entre otro komo sostenedor di aliniashon entre e sistema di penshun di Caribbean Netherlands (AOV) i e sistema AOW na Netherlands.[4]

Durante e elekshonnan di House of Representatives of the Netherlands di 2017—den kua habitantenan di Saba a partisipá pa promé biaha—el a hasi un yamada pa vota pa e partido Socialist Party Netherlands (SP), debí na nan posishon riba redukshon di edat di penshun na 65 aña.[5]

Bida personal

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.[1]
Su yu hòmber, Chris Johnson, tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 te 2016, i despues a bira representante di Netherlands na Sint Maarten.[6]


------------

== Biografia ==
Johnson a nase na Saba. For di edat di diestres aña el a bai skol na [[Kòrsou]]. Na òktober 1960 el a bai Sint Maarten, kaminda el a kuminsá skirbi kolumnanan pa e semanal Windward Islands Opinion un aña despues. Na 1968 el a funda Saba Herald, ku a eksistí pa binti sinku aña, i e revista mensual The Labor Spokesman. Despues el a skirbi pa e revista Weekender di The Daily Herald i a funda e wèpsait The Saba Islander. Tambe el a skirbi vários novela i buki polítiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;The Saba Islander, [https://thesabaislander.com/biography/ autobiografie]&lt;/ref&gt; E tabata un maestro di profeshon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot;&gt;John Jansen van Galen, [http://www.atlascontact.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jansen-van-galen-proefschrift.pdf Afscheid van de koloniën, Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid 1942-2010]&lt;/ref&gt; 

E tabata aktivo den polítika pa alrededor di binti sinku aña komo diputado insular i miembro di konseho insular.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; E tabata estrechamente enbolbí den e reformanan konstitushonal di òktober 2010 di 2004 pa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Leoni Leidel-Schenk, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/12/10/statia-wil-autonomie-maar-dan-volgens-de-vn-regels/ ‘Statia wil autonomie, maar dan volgens de VN-regels’], Caribisch Netwerk, 10 december 2014&lt;/ref&gt; El a opone introduccion di cierto leynan Hulandes. El a bisa, entre otro, ku “nos komprondementu di bon i apropiá gobernashon no ta inkluí eutanasia òf aborto, ni e uso liber di droga” (tradukshon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; Na 2010, el a bandoná polítika aktivo; el a keda komo presidente di e Movementu di Pueblo di Islanan Bientu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot; /&gt;

Rònt di e tempu di su retiro, el a wòrdu nombrá un di e kuater direktornan di e Fondo di Penshun di Amtenar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galen&quot; /&gt; For di un punto di bista polítiko, e ta un sostenedor ferviente di aliniashon di AOV na Hulanda Karibense ku AOW na Hulanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Osepa&quot;&gt;Belkis Osepa, [https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2014/10/20/will-johnson-saba-moet-aandacht-blijven-trekken/ Will Johnson: ‘Saba moet aandacht blijven trekken’], Caribisch Netwerk, 20 oktober 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e elekshonnan di Kámara Abou di 2017, den kua Sabans tambe a wòrdu permití pa partisipá pa promé biaha, el a pidi pa vota pa e SP pasobra e partido ei tabata ke redusí e edat di penshun na 65.&lt;ref&gt;The Daily Herald / Saba News, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219172010/https://www.saba-news.com/many-sabans-vote-for-first-time-in-the-second-chamber-election/ Many Sabans vote for first time in the Second Chamber], 16 maart 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ta kasá i tin tres yu.&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot; /&gt; Su yu hòmber Chris tambe tabata diputado riba Saba di 2007 pa 2016. Desde e tempu ei e tabata e representante di Hulanda riba Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, [http://www.dutchcaribbeanlegalportal.com/news/movers-shakers/79-a-new-challenge/7023-changing-of-the-guard-at-dutch-representation-in-st-maarten Changing of the guard at Dutch Representation in St. Maarten], 4 di yüni 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid = |titulo=Will Johnson}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Will}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Saba]]

----------------
Overview: '''Franklin Antonio Meyers''' (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 ...
Date of birth: 28 November 1967
Age: 57
Occupation: Politician
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = People's Progessive Alliance
| abr          = PPA
| logo         = People's Progressive Alliance (Sint Maarten) logo.png
| lider partido= [[Gracita Arrindell]]
| presidente partido = Don Hughes
| funda        = [[20 di yanüari]] [[2003]]
| fundado      = Gracita Arrindell
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Orange|oraño}} 
}}
'''People's Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gracita joins the UP party, steps down as PPA leader|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=6443|website=thedailyherald.com|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá ku e meta di promové bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den polítika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] tabata miembro di e [[Konseho Insular]].

E partido a partisipa na varios elekshon bou di e konstelashon di Antias Hulandes.  Entre 2003 y 2007 e llijsttrekker Arrindell tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6] Na e elekshonnan legislativo di Antia Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, e partido no a gana ningun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/5112|title=Landslide Victory for National Alliance|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mesun ana, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku partido [[United People's Party|UP]] i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014. Den e periodo aki Arrindell tabata presidente di PPA.

Tabata pensa ku e partido a wòrdu disolvé na 2010,&lt;ref name=&quot;PPA dissolution&quot; /&gt; sinembargo, for di 2016 padilanti e tabata un biaha mas kontestá elekshonnan na Sint Maarten.

Na 2019, nan a neglishá e Bario Hulandes, manera a wòrdu deklará den un reunion di town hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People's Progressive Alliance: St Maarten Dutch quarter neglected |url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/peoples-progressive-alliance-st-maarten-dutch-quarter-neglected-3/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Loop News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aliansa Progresista di Pueblo (PPA). Entre 2003 y 2007 e tabata miembro di conseho insular na nomber di PPA.[6]

Na 2010, PPA a drenta den un aliansa ku United People's Party (UP) i ta partisipa bou kapa di UP na e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.


pa e eleccionnan.[1] E ta keda elegi komo miembro di e parlamento nobo. Dia 10 di october 2010, Arrindell a keda eligi como e prome presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten, funcion cu el a ocupa te 14 di juli 2012. E tabata presidente atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 y 9 di october 2014.[8][9] Durante su presidensia, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA.[10] El a lucha kontra nepotismo, cu tabata comun den nombramentonan politico riba e isla.[11] Den e eleccionnan di 2014, e tabatin posicion nr.2 riba e lista di UP i a ricibi 139 voto, faltando 66 voto pa wordo re-eligi den parlamento. E tabata lider di partido di PPA den e eleccionnan na 2016, 2018 y 2020.[12] E partido no a gana un asiento den e eleccionnan aki. Na 2024 el a uni na e partido nobo Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement y tabata nr. 6 riba lista durante ambos eleccion[13].

{{Stub}}
'''People’s Progressive Alliance''' (PPA) ta un partido polítiko na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2003 pa [[Gracita Arrindell]], un eks-miembro di e [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Democratic Party]] (DP).

== Historia ==
E partido a wordu funda ku e meta di promovê bon gobernashon, transparensia i integridat den politika na Sint Maarten. Entre 2003 i 2007, lider di partido [[Gracita Arrindell]] a sirbi komo miembro di e Conseho Insular na nomber di PPA.

Na e elekshonnan legislativo di e Antias Hulandes riba 22 di yanüari 2010, PPA no a logra gana ningun asiento. Den e mesun aña, e partido a drenta den un aliansa ku e [[United People's Party (Sint Maarten)|United People's Party]] (UP) i a partisipá bou di e lista di UP den e elekshonnan di 2010 i 2014.

Despues di e desmantelashon di e Antias Hulandes riba 10 di oktober 2010, Arrindell a bira miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten via e lista di UP. E a sirbi komo e promé presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten for di 10 di oktober 2010 te 14 di juli 2012, i atrobe entre 24 di juni 2013 i 9 di oktober 2014. Durante e periodo aki, e tabata tambe presidente di PPA i a enfatisá temanan manera bon gobernashon i lucha kontra nepotismo.

Den e elekshonnan di 2014, Arrindell tabata kandidato riba lista di UP, pero no a logra wordo re-eligi. Despues di esaki, PPA a sigui operá komo partido independiente.

== Aktividadnan posterior ==
Despues di 2016, PPA a bolbe partisipá independiente den elekshonnan parlamentario na Sint Maarten (2016, 2018 i 2020), ku Arrindell komo lider di partido. Sin embargo, e partido no a logra gana ningun asiento den e elekshonnan aki.

Na 2024, Arrindell a uni ku e partido nobo [[Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement]] (URSM) i a partisipá komo kandidato riba su lista.

== Ideologia ==
PPA ta posicioná su mes komo un partido progresivo ku énfasis riba:

bon gobernashon i transparensia;

responsabilidad públiko;

desaroyo sosial i komunidario;

lucha kontra nepotismo i korupshon.

== Importansia ==
Aunke PPA no a keda un partido grandi den términos di representashon parlamentario, e a hunga un ròl importante den introdukshon di tema manera integridat i gobernashon responsabel den debate polítiko na Sint Maarten, prinsipalmente pa medio di liderato di Gracita Arrindell.

== Mira tambe ==

[[Polítika di Sint Maarten]]

[[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]]

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

--------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Social Reform Party
| abr          = SRP
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jacinto Mock
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = 2013
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|#223584}} Blou&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=49180|title=Parties' slates numbered for ballot, SRP gets blue|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Social Reform Party''' (SRP, Partido di Reforma Sosial) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]] aktivo entre 2013 i 2017. 

== Historia ==
E partido a wòrdu fundá na 2013 pa èks-miembro di [[National Alliance]], Jacinto Mock.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysxm.com/2013/08/20/jacinto-mock-establishes-social-reform-party/|title=Jacinto Mock establishes Social Reform Party|accessdate=7 December 2014|work=todaysxm.com|date=20 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na e elekshonnan general di 2014 riba 29 di ougùstùs, el a optené 0.91% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento den parlamento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|title=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

----
Partido di Reforma Sosial (SRP) ta un partido polítiko na Sint Maarten fundá na 2013 pa Jacinto Mock, un eks miembro di Aliansa Nashonal. E partido ta defendé derechonan humano, bon gobernashon i reformanan sosial ku ta dirigí riba preokupashonnan di klase trahadó i klase media. El a kontestá e elekshon general di 2014 pero no a sigurá ningun asiento den Parlamento meimei di sosten limitá di votadó i opstákulonan organisatorio.[1]
Despues di e elekshon, SRP a topa ku transishonnan di liderazgo i retonan interno, loke a kondusí na dormishon operashonal despues di 2017. Apesar di intentonan den elekshonnan siguiente, el a ehersé influensia mínimo riba e sistema multipartidista di Sint Maarten.
{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
---------------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance
| abr          = SPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= 
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[1990]]
| fundado      = Edgar Lynch
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = 
}}
'''Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance''' (Aliansa Patriótiko di Sint Maarten) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] aktivo na [[Sint Maarten]] durante añanan 1990 i kuminsamentu di añanan 2000. E partido a hunga un ròl importante den desaroyo di polítika lokal, te na su unifikashon ku [[National Alliance]].

== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance tin su rais den e restrukturashon di e anterior ''St. Maarten Patriotic Movement'' (SPM), un movementu polítiko fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978. E movementu aki a surgi komo reakshon riba e dominio polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], kende a dominá polítika na Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

Entre e figuranan prominente den e movemento original tabatin [[William Marlin]], kende mas despues a bira un di e lidernan prinsipal den polítika di Sint Maarten.

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Na elekshonnan di Konseho Insular di 1991, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a debuta ku un resultado di kuater (4) asiento. E partido tabata liderá pa e sindikalista Edgar Lynch.

Na elekshonnan di 1995, e partido a reforsá su posishon, logrando sinku (5) asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten, loke a konfirmá su base elektoral den e komunidat.

Na nivel di Antias Hulandes, e partido a partisipá den elekshonnan parlamentario di 2002 ku un lista kombiná huntu ku [National Alliance. E aliansa aki a logra 4,8% di voto popular i un (1) asiento den [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]].

== Fushon ==
Mas aleu den añanan 2000, Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a pasa dor di un proseso di integrashon ku National Alliance. E union aki a kontribuí na konsolidashon di forsanan polítiko riba e isla, i a forma parti di e desaroyo di sistema multipartidario moderno di Sint Maarten.

== Mira tambe ==
* Lista di partido politiko na Sint Maarten

{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]

----------
== Historia ==
Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance a surgi for di e restrukturashon di St. Maarten Patriotic Movement (Movementu Patriótiko di St. Maarten, SPM), ku a wòrdu fundá dia 15 di desèmber 1978, pa figuranan inkluyendo [[William Marlin]] pa kontestá e dominio polítiko ankrá di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP), dirigí pa [[Claude Wathey]], ku a kontrolá e asuntunan di Sint Maarten pa dékadanan.

E partido a gana kuater asiento den e elekshon di Konseho Insular di 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewgpEAAAQBAJ |title=Political Handbook of the World 2020-2021 |date=31 May 2021 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-5443-8473-3 |page=1926 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Lider di partido tabata e sincalista Edgar Lynch. E siguiente elekshon na 1995 e partido ta logra obtene sinku asiento den Konseho Insular di Sint Maarten.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|titel=Spannende verkiezingsstrijd op Sint Maarten DP en SPA ieder 5 zetels, sleutelrol voor de SAPP|werk=[[Amigoe]]|datum=1995-04-08|bezochtdatum=2026-03-20|via=Delpher.nl|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644822:mpeg21:p001}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Na elekshonnan 2002 pa [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], e partido a djòin e Aliansa Nashonal ku a gana 4.8% di voto popular i 1 di 22 asiento.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


-----------
{{Infobox person 
| name          = Ellis Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Ellis Adonnis Woodley''' (☆ [[1955]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata minister di Enseñansa i Kultura di Antias Hulandes di 1987 te 1990.

== Biografia ==
Ellis A. Woodley a terminá MAVO na Aruba i despues HAVO na Curaçao. Na 1983 el a graduá ku e diploma di bachelor of arts den edukashon elemental na St. Thomas School. Thomas]] y na 1987 el a bira Master of Arts den Edicational Administration na New York, USA. E ta miembro di DP-St. Eustatius. E tabata Minister di Enseñansa den Gabinete di Liberia-Peters II.


Uit: &lt;ref name=&quot;Reinders&quot;&gt;{{Citeer boek|auteur=Reinders, Alex|taal=nl|uitgever=Walburg Pers, Zutphen|datum=1993|titel=Politieke geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1950-1993}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ellis A. Woodley voltooide de MAVO op Aruba en vervolgens de HAVO op Curacao. In 1983 behaalde hij het bachelor of arts diploma in Elementary Education te saint[[saint thomas|St. Thomas]] en in 1987 werd hij master of arts in Edicational Administration in New York, USA. Hij is lid van de DP-St. Eustatius. Was minister van Onderwijs in het kabinet Liberia-Peters II.

----------------------------------
{{Infobox persona | variante = c 
| nomber       = Julian Woodley
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| term          = 
| monarch       = 
| predecessor   = 
| birth_date    = 1952
| occupation    = polítiko
| party         = [[Partido Demokrátiko (Sint Eustatius)|Partido Demokrátiko]] (DP Statia)
}}
'''Julian Carlyle A. Woodley''' (☆ [[1952]]) ta un polítiko di [[Sint Eustatius]]. E tabata gezaghebber interino di Sint Eustatius di 1 di aprel 2016 te 7 di febrüari 2018. Previamente e tabata representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

== Bida ==
Woodley ta yu hòmber di gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. E tabata hefe di e departamentu di Finansa di Sint Eustatius durante 15 aña. Banda di esei el a okupá durante 25 ana varios funshon na [[Antias Hulandes]] i [[Hulanda Karibense]]. entre otro komo miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]], diputado di [[Kolegio Ehekutivo]] i representante interino di gobièrnu di Hulanda pa e entidatnan públiko di Boneiru, Sint Eustatius i Saba. 

Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;


{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=nl|oldid =|titulo=Julian Woodley}}
{{References}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woodley, Julian}}
[[:Category:Hende]]
[[:Category:Politiko di Sint Eustatius]]

'''Julian Woodley''' (circa 1952) is een Nederlands politicus. Hij heeft diverse functies bekleed op de [[Nederlandse Antillen]] en vervolgens voor [[Caribisch Nederland]], zoals parlementslid, gedeputeerde en waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|rijksvertegenwoordiger]]. Van 1 april 2016 tot 7 februari 2018 was hij waarnemend [[Lijst van gezaghebbers van Sint Eustatius|gezaghebber van Sint Eustatius]].

== Biografie ==
Woodley is een zoon van voormalig gezaghebber [[Charles Austin Woodley]]. Hij was 15 jaar lang afdelingshoofd op Financiën van [[Sint Eustatius]]. Daarnaast bekleedde hij gedurende 25 jaar diverse functies, zoals [[Eilandsraad (Nederlandse Antillen)|eilandsraadslid]], parlementslid van de [[Nederlandse Antillen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot;&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190604/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/news/julian-woodley-act-island-governor-st-eustatius Julian Woodley wnd. Gezaghebber Sint Eustatius], eind maart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; en gedeputeerde voor Telecommunicatie.&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185750/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/augustus-2012/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia/partijen-tekenen-contract-voor-aanleg-zeekabel-saba-en-statia Partijen tekenen contract voor aanleg zeekabel Saba en Statia], augustus 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Met ingang van 1 december 2011 werd hij aangesteld als waarnemend [[Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Rijksoverheid, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185601/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2011/10/14/benoeming-waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-voor-bonaire-sint-eustatius-en-saba Benoeming waarnemend rijksvertegenwoordiger voor Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba], 14 oktober 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Hiermee was hij tot 1 mei 2014 plaatsvervanger van [[Wilbert Stolte]]&lt;ref&gt;Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland, [https://archive.today/20160601091711/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/archief/maart-2014/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire/waarnemend-rijksvertegenwoordiger-julian-woodley-bezoekt-bonaire Waarnemend Rijksvertegenwoordiger Julian Woodley bezoekt Bonaire], maart 2014&lt;/ref&gt; en daarna vanaf 1 september 2014 van [[Gilbert Isabella]].&lt;ref name=&quot;RijksdienstCB 4-2016&quot; /&gt;

----------
{{infobox dignatario
}}
'''Lloyd Josiah Richardson''' (☆ [[11 di mei]] [[1950]] na [[San Nicolas]]) ta un polítiko i médiko di [[Sint Maarten]].[1] E tabata miembro di Parlamento di Sint Maarten pa UPP i a fungi for di 1 di desèmber 2014 te ku 13 di òktober 2015 komo [[Lista di presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten|presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten]].[2]

== Biografia ==
Richardson a nace na 1950 na San Nicolas, [[Aruba]] komo yu di Josier A. Richardson i Barbara Richardson-Alexander.[6]. Na 1968, despues di a caba su MULO, el a sali pa Merca. El a risibí su titulo den Arte Liberal for di [[University of the West Indies]] na Trinidad, su lisensiatura den kímika for di Universidat Andrews na Berrien Springs, Michigan, i na 1979 su doctorado den sirugia for di Universidat Outónomo di Guadalajara.[3]

Na mart 1981, Richardson a muda pa Sint Maarten pa traha komo e promé dòkter di supervishon na Banko di Seguro Sosial.[4] Na 2010, el a kore pa e elekshonnan di 2010 na Sint Maarten komo miembro di Aliansa Nashonal,[5] pero no a wòrdu eligi. Na 2014, el a wòrdu eligi komo miembro di e Partido di Pueblo Uní,[3] i a bira Presidente di Parlamento di Sint Maarten. El a sirbi te ku 13 di òktober 2015.[2]


-----------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber               = Gracita Arrindell
| imagen               = 
| descripcion          = 
| nomber completo      = 
| fecha nacemento      = [[4 di mart|4 di maart]] [[1956]] 
| luga nacemento       = 
| fecha fayecimento    = 
| luga fayecimento     = 
| districto electoral  = 
| region               = 
| pais                 = {{SXM}}
| funcion actual       = 
| desde                = 
| antecesor            = 
| sucesor              = 
| partido              = 
| religion             = 
| titulo               = 
| temporada1           = 
| funcion1             = 
| temporada2           = 
| funcion2             = 
| firma                = 
| website             =  
}}
---------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Concordia Political Alliance
| abr          = CPA
| logo         = 
| lider partido= Jeffry Richardson
| presidente partido = 
| funda        = [[15 di ougùstùs]] [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|title=Richardson launches CPA with four candidates for elections|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133150/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7042|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fundado      = Jeffry Richardson
| activo       = {{SXM}}
| sede         = 
| posicion     = 
| ideologia    = 
| color        = {{legend|Gold|oro}} 
}}
'''Concordia Political Alliance''' (CPA) tabata un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2010 dor di Jeffry Richardson.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richardson, kende tabata aktivo polítikamente den [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], a separá for di e partido promé di elekshon 2010 pa lansa su propio partido i bira lider di CPA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Partisipashon elektoral ==
Ku un lista chikí di kuater kandidato&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;, CPA a partisipa na elekshon parlamentario di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku tabata e promé elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]], ku lo remplasa e [[Konseho Insular]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di òktober 2010. E partido a risibi un total di 234 voto (aproksimadamente 1.0% di e voto popular), pero no a logra niun asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Despues di 2010, CPA no a partisipa mas den elekshon, i e partido a bira de facto inaktivo.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]


Richardson tabata un eks-polítiko di [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|partido DP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; , promé di lansa e partido i bira lider di partido. Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, kual lo elegi e promé miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E partido no a partisipa den e siguiente elekshonnan, birando de fakto defunto.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Maarten]]
Richardson a lansa e partido despues di bandoná partido DP, unda e tabata kandidato riba lista i a sirbi komo asistente ehekutivo di Roy Marlin i Louie Laveist durante nan termino komo diputado pa partido [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP]], tabata lider di partido.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/4491|title=Concordia Political Alliance On its Way|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/6133|title=Concordia Political Alliance Launched.|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku un lista di kuater kandidato e partido a partisipa na e elekshon di 17 di sèptèmber 2010, ku lo elegi e prome miembronan di [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] despues di e disolushon di Antias Hulandes dia 10 di oktober 2010. E partido a risibi 1.0% di e voto popular i ningun di e 15 asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|title=Election results validated, seat allocation unchanged|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133147/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8519|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|title=Richardson thankful for 'very sincere 127 votes'|accessdate=6 December 2014|work=The Daily Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209133156/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8333|archive-date=9 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Den e elekshonnan ku a sigui despues e partido no a partisipa, birando de fakto defunto.


'''One St. Maarten People Party''' (OSPP) ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Maarten]], fundá na 2013 dor di Lenny Priest, eks-komisario di finansa di Sint Maarten Patriotic Alliance (SPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|title=One St. Maarten People Party to focus on district representation|accessdate=|work=The Daily Herald|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209072816/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=41403|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; E partido ta aktualmente inaktivo.

Na su debut den elekshon pa [[Parlamento di Sint Maarten]] dia 29 di ougùstùs 2014, e partido a optené 1.16% di e votonan i no a logra optené un asiento.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=49954|titel=UP biggest, but NA, US, DP sign accord|accessdate=|werk=The Daily Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=http://smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/17279|titel=The St. Maarten Parliamentary Election of August 29, 2014|accessdate=|werk=SMN-News.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Den elekshon di 2016 e partido no a logra avansa signifikativo den voto (1,43%), i den e elekshonnan ku e sigui esei a keda sin partisipa.

-----------------------
{{Infobox politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Richard Panneflek
| nomber completo = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| antecesor    = 
| sucesor      = 
| pais         = {{SXM}}
| partido      = [[Democratic Party (Sint Maarten)|DP Sint Maarten]]
| ofishi       = polítiko
| temporada1   = 2024 - presente
| funcion1     = Minister di Finansa di Sint Maarten
}}
'''Richard J.J. Panneflek''' ta un polítiko di [[Sint Maarten]], afiliá na [[United People's Party]] (UP). E ta konosí prinsipalmente pa su kargo komo Minister di Salú, Desaroyo Sosial i Labor den [[Silveria Jacobs|gabinete Jacobs II]], kual el a okupá for di 28 di mart 2020 te ku 20 di aprel 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sintmaartengov.org/Documents/National%20Gazette/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf Landsbesluit ontslagverlening Richard J.J. Panneflek], sintmaartengov.org&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |titel=Landscourant Special Edition. National Gazette. |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=21 april 2021 |bezochtdatum= |archiefdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422210112/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/09.%20Landscourant%20%20Special%20Edition%2021%20april%202021.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante e periodo aki, e tabata responsabel pa i un di e karanan prinsipal den e lucha kontra [[Krisis di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten|pandemia di COVID-19 na Sint Maarten]], inkluso koordinando medidanan di salú públiko, restrikshon di biahe, i preparashon den sektor hotelero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/panneflek-counters-some-vaccine-misconceptions |titel=Panneflek counters some vaccine misconceptions |auteur= |uitgever=The Daily Herald |datum=18 februari 2021 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1721307521/weer-stijging-coronabesmettingen-op-sint-maarten |titel=Weer stijging coronabesmettingen op Sint-Maarten |auteur= |uitgever=Telegraaf |datum=26 juli 2020 |bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Promé ku su nombramentu komo minister, Panneflek a sirbi den diferente kapasidat atministrativo i gubernamental. Di 2010 pa 2012, e tabata [[minister plenipotenciario|minister plenipotensiario]] interino na [[Den Haag]], nombrá pa [[Sarah Wescot-Williams|gabinete Wescot-Williams I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |titel=Landscourant. National Gazette |auteur= |uitgever=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |datum=20 mei 2012 |bezochtdatum=22 april 2021 |archiefdatum=27 januari 2022 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127072215/http://www.sintmaartengov.org/government/AZ/laws/National%20Gazettes/Landscourant%2025%20mei%202012.pdf |dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di 2013 te ku 2016, el a keda nombrá sekretario-general di Ministerio di Hustisia, posishon mas altu atministrativo den e ministerio. Na aña 2022 el a bolbe sirbi komo minister plenipotensiario interino.

Panneflek tabata riba e lista di kandidato di UP pa e elekshonnan parlamentario di Sint Maarten di 2010, 2016 i 2020, pero nunca a logra gana un asiento parlamentario.&lt;ref&gt;[http://sxmelections.com/newspolitician/525/richard-panneflek?year=2020&amp;month=10 SXMelections.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

Aktualmente e ta fungi komo direktor interino di e departamentu di Imigrashon i Naturalisashon (IND), un nombramento informal bou di Minister di Hustisia. 

{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panneflek, Richard}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Sint Maarten]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Sint Maarten]]


------------------
{{Infobox partido politico| variante = c
| nomber       = Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius
| logo         = 
| imagen       = 
| descripcion  = 
| lider partido= Raquel Spanner-Carty
| funda = [[31 di desèmber]] [[1948]]
| activo       = [[Sint Eustatius]]
| sede         = 
| posicion     = sentrista
| ideologia    = kristiandemokrata
}}
'''Partido Demokrátiko di Sint Eustatius''' (hulandes: ''Democratische Partij''), abreviá DP i komunmente konosí komo DP Statia, ta un [[partido polítiko]] na [[Sint Eustatius]]. E ta esun mas bieu eksistente y e promé partido ku a wordo establesé riba e isla.&lt;ref name=&quot;DP&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|taal=en|titel=Democratic Party (DP)|werk=Caribbean Elections|datum=|bezochtdatum=|archiefdatum=2020-07-03|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091333/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/parties/bqse_parties/dp.asp|dodeurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E partido a wòrdu fundá na 1948 komo un sukursal lokal di “Partido Demokrátiko Islariba,” aktivo riba [[Sint Maarten]], Sint Eustatius, i [[Saba]]. Despues, e sukursal di Sint Eustatius a separá i a bira un partido independiente.

{{Stub}}
{{Appendix}}
[[:Kategoria:Polítika na Sint Eustatius]]
------------
{{Variante|c}}
{{Wak articulo|dp=ja|Wak [[Voges]] (pagina di referensia) pa un otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Infobox politico
| variante = c
| nomber completo = Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges
| imagen           = 
| descripcion      =  
| fecha nacemento  = [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]]
| luga nacemento   = [[Philipsburg]]
| fecha fayecimento= 
| luga fayecimento = {{CUW}}
| pais             = [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg|20px|border]] [[Antias Hulandes]]
| ofishi           = polítiko
| temporada2       = 1951-1953
| funcion2         = miembro di Konseho Insular di Kòrsou
| temporada1       = 1949-1969
| funcion1         = miembro di [[Parlamento di Antias Hulandes]]
| temporada3       = 
| funcion3         = 
| temporada4       = 
| funcion4         = 
}}
'''Charles Ernest Wilfred (Ernest) Voges''' (☆ [[21 di yüli]] [[1907]] na [[Philipsburg]] - † [[30 di yüli]] [[1973]] na [[Willemstad]], [[Kòrsou]]) tabata un polítiko [[Antias Hulandes|antiano]].

== Biografia ==

Charles E.W. Voges (Sint Maarten 21 juli 1908 – Curacao, 30 juli 1973)
•	t/m kabinet Jonckheer IV-Kroon zeer actief in het landsbestuur als statenlid van de NA
•	1951-1953 lid eilandsraad van Curacao
•	1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie
•	1949-1969 lid van de Staten namens de NVP
•	1954 voorzitter van de Staten van de NA
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010461368:mpeg21:pdf   Amigoe, 30 juli 1973 Hedenmorgen om half acht overleed de heer Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, geboren op 21 juli 1908 te Sint Maarten en woonachtig op Curacao. Van 1949 tot 1969 was hij lid van de fraktie van de N.V.P. 1949-1950 en in 1952 was hij ondervoorzitter der Staten en in 1954, voorzitter der Staten. De heer Voges was vanaf 1927 in dienst ,van de Nederlandse Antillen met een onderbreking gedurende de periode van 1928-1933 in welke tijd hij in dienst was van een particuliere onderneming 1943-1949 was de heer Voges, ondergezaghebber van St. Eustatius. 1949-1957 was de heer Voges werkzaam op de administratie-Financien. In de periode van 1951-53 lid van de eilandsraad van Curacao en van 1952-54 lid van de delegatie der Ronde tafel Conferentie. De aktiviteiten voor land en volk hebben tenslotte zeer terecht geresulteerd in een toegekende koninklijke onderscheiding, n.l &quot;Officier in de orde van Oranje Nassau&quot;.


{{Appendix}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voges, Ernest}}
[[:Kategoria:Hende|Kòrsou]]
[[:Kategoria:Polítiko di Islariba]]
[[:Kategoria:Minister di Antias Hulandes]]

* Onderwijzer, ambtenaar, politicus,voorzitterparlement
* 1928: gehuwd met Eunice Octavia Peterson, zes kinderen

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born on St. Martin on July 21, 1908, and died on Curaçao on July 30, 1973. His great-grandfather, Johann Heinrich Voges, was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 30, 1824 (died St. Martin, 1 June 1907) and was the first Voges to come to St. Martin via Curaçao. Whenever he was in his cups he would claim that there were more prostitutes in Hanover than there were people living in St. Martin.

Peternella Suaer married Johann Heinrich in 1848. She was born on St. Martin on February 19, 1827, and died on St. Martin on April 4, 1887. Mr. Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges married Eunice Octavia Peterson on March 9, 1928. She was born on St. Martin on September 24, 1907, and died on Curaçao on November 20, 2001. Typical of a government official’s family for those days, it is interesting to see through the birth of the children of this couple how the family moved around. Together they had six children. The first two Ernest (Jackie, mother of the owner of the Amigoe newspaper) and his sister Edwina were born on Curaçao (1931 and 1932), Amy was born on St. Martin 1934, Joan Gertrude was born on St. Eustatius 1938, Charles Rudolf was born on Saba in 1939, and Wilfred Russell was born on St. Martin in 1943. In the colonial days civil servants were sometimes given short notice that they were being transferred to another island and it was either move on or move out of the civil service.

Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges was born in Front street, “Foot of the Town” in Philipsburg, St. Martin, as the only son of Johanna “Nanna” Cornelia Voges

He lived by his mother all his schooldays and attended the Oranje School just up the road on the Front street. He graduated from the Oranje School passing all seven grades and then qualified as a teacher and worked for awhile teaching at the same school as a 4th class teacher by appointment of October 1, 1927, and there also his wife worked as a teacher 4th class starting in 1926 already. Before teaching he went to Aruba to work in a pharmacy of Dr. Nunes whom he had met on St. Martin. He returned to St. Martin in 1928 and married Eunice Octavia Peterson. She was the only daughter of Daniel Alfred Peterson (born August 25, 1875, died December 5, 1968) and Ann Elizabeth Alberta Vlaun (born October 31, 1878, died June 26th, 1954). I remember Mr. Fred well. He mourned his wife so much that his grandchildren would have to drive him out to the Cul-de-Sac cemetery on Sundays and leave him at the grave for sometime so that he could bring the wife up to date on events of the past week.

After a brief stint with the Shell Oil refinery on Curaçao, Mr. Voges returned to teaching at the Oranje School on St. Martin from which he was given an honorary discharge and appointed as a clerk to work in the Receivers office and Post office on the island of St. Eustatius on June22, 1935. On October 12, 1935 he was appointed as registrar in the office of the Canton Judge. At the same time his wife was appointed as a schoolteacher.

In 1937 he was appointed as acting Receiver and appointed as Vice Lt. Governor (Onder Gezaghebber) of St. Eustatius from 1943 to 1949. In 1943 he had to supervise a riot which broke out on St. Eustatius. It had been brought to his attention that the doctor had meddled with a young girl and had impregnated her. When he was sure of his facts he had the doctor arrested and locked up in the sweathouse, which was the “nombre de carino” of a very small cell in Fort Oranje. This legally correct act of his caused a tremendous uproar. The riot which ensued was under the leadership of William Roosberg, the natural father of Wilson (Papa) Godet.

“Willie Doc,” as he was known, campaigned for me on Statia in 1969 when I headed the URA list against the DP. Mr. Voges lost control of what was happening because normally he had the help of two rural police (veldwachters). In this case, however, the policemen took the side of the people and agreed that the doctor was not to blame because, “if she wants it, give it to her, no.” Mr. Voges could only rely on his handgun and for his contact with Curaçao, on a telegraph-operator who was very handy with the Morse code. Curaçao was contacted and police officers were brought over to St. Martin with a man-o-war and then in the hold of a schooner to Statia. In the meantime the rioters were in control of the police station and had freed the doctor. The rioters came on board to inspect the schooner but forgot to check the hold where the policemen were hiding. They landed during the night and brought the situation under control. “Willie Doc” was sent to Curaçao and reprimands were handed out to several persons after which the island returned to normal.

In 1948 Mr. Voges was appointed Vice Lt. Governor of Saba. In the 1940’s already Mr. Voges aligned himself with the N.V.P. (National People’s Party) of Dr. Da Costa Gomez. In 1950 he ran for parliamentary elections as the Windward Islands had lost two of the three parliamentary seats it had in 1949. In the 1949 elections Mr. Voges with 179 votes as the number 3 candidate was elected to represent Saba. Mr. Voges in 1950 was elected with 721 of the 1005 votes which were cast in the Windward Islands. He had 333 votes on his native St. Martin, 339 votes on Saba of the 376 valid votes cast, and 49 on St. Eustatius. His record on Saba has not yet been broken.

During his term from 1950 to 1954, Voges fought along with William Plantz for the Windward Islands to regain three seats in parliament; to no avail it must be said. He also lobbied for equal distribution of development aid funds so that the smaller islands could get some projects. From February 11, 1954, to November 13, 1954, he was the President of Parliament. In 1954 his party lost the elections in the Windward Islands even though Mr. Voges with 544 votes (207 on St. Maarten, 219 on Saba and 118 on Statia) was the highest vote getter in the Windward Islands. He then became a member of parliament for Curaçao as he was a candidate on both lists of the NVP and was a Senator from 1955 to 1969. Two of his sons “Jackie” and Russell filled important functions like Ministers and Lt. Governors so that his name carried on in Antillean politics for quite some time.

When “Jackie” was Minister he had at one time a little war going with Minister Leo Chance. But then who did not have war with Leo? I did on several occasions myself have serious run disagreements with him, but we are still best of friends. In going through old documents here in the government office on Saba I found a document which I thought would be of interest to Jackie. I made a photo copy of the document to present it at the opportune time. He was coming up from Curaçao and I was on the same plane. I found the document in my briefcase and walked over to where he was seated, gave him the document and told him: “don’t be too hard on Chance, read this.” Whenever I looked back at where Jackie was seated he was staring at the document and laughing his head off. When we got to St. Maarten he said to me: “I can imagine Leo in every possible situation. But a singer?”

The document reads as follows: “I the undersigned ONDERGEZAGHEBBER of Saba hereby grants permission to Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges, to lecture in Hellsgate district on the 7th of November 1950, from 5:00pm until 6:30pm, and in the Windwardside district from 8:00pm until 10:00pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture, and in St. John’s district on the 8th of November 1950, from 4:30pm until 5:30pm, and in The Bottom district from 8:00pm until 9:0pm, with Julian Conner and Leo Chance singing songs during the lecture.&lt;ref&gt;Pieter Dijkstra, [https://gw.geneanet.org/apeterson?lang=en&amp;n=voges&amp;p=charles+ernest+wilfred Charles Ernest Wilfred Voges], geneanet (6 di desember 1950)&lt;/ref&gt;

Saba, 6 December 1950

Pieter Dijkstra

I have fond memories of Mr. Voges’ period in the early history of elections in the Windward Islands. He with his style of campaigning and with Lynette as his political strategist made politics interesting to the man on the street at the time. Credit should be given to him as ever since his time whenever there are elections the turnout is regularly 80 and even more than 90% of the voters. May his memory be blessed!!</text>
      <sha1>3uueotczkryjlx1ovsfzoslxu90x1y9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sphyrna mokarran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207206</id>
      <parentid>206722</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:29:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4752" sha1="scl0ydvbtrnhta2hqy9yl8sqo3ekdam" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| nomber  = Tribon cabes di martiu
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''Tribon cabes di martiu''' (''Sphyrna mokarran'') ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico, ''Mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>scl0ydvbtrnhta2hqy9yl8sqo3ekdam</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207212</id>
      <parentid>207206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:37:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>evadi confusion: Sphyrna mokarran</comment>
      <origin>207212</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4731" sha1="qtt9qyh2y36fast9u1zsmkv3yph1ll3" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| nomber  = Tribon cabes di martiu
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico, ''Mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>qtt9qyh2y36fast9u1zsmkv3yph1ll3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207213</id>
      <parentid>207212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:37:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Kallmemel moved page [[Tribon cabes di martiu]] to [[Sphyrna mokarran]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>207212</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4731" sha1="qtt9qyh2y36fast9u1zsmkv3yph1ll3" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| nomber  = Tribon cabes di martiu
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico, ''Mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>qtt9qyh2y36fast9u1zsmkv3yph1ll3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207215</id>
      <parentid>207213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:38:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>parameter: titulo cursivo</comment>
      <origin>207215</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4720" sha1="jql72c6pppbpi87b6d7i851en6sfxot" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico, ''Mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>jql72c6pppbpi87b6d7i851en6sfxot</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207216</id>
      <parentid>207215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:41:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Etimologia */ leter minusculo</comment>
      <origin>207216</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4720" sha1="3r9r6lglhzip0ced8hmk4jo6ckjhi4k" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico, ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>3r9r6lglhzip0ced8hmk4jo6ckjhi4k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207220</id>
      <parentid>207216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:45:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>organisa kat</comment>
      <origin>207220</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4729" sha1="dd6h29ad14m7evj08ieyso083px00wc" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico, ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>dd6h29ad14m7evj08ieyso083px00wc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207235</id>
      <parentid>207220</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:45:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207235</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4728" sha1="hnkln72lny73dysusl99zlp1npwsdcs" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), nomber Arabe pa e tribon aki cu a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>hnkln72lny73dysusl99zlp1npwsdcs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207236</id>
      <parentid>207235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:50:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>reformulacion</comment>
      <origin>207236</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4719" sha1="laixl4yk7ja07opc2oqzsn2mde306ao" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di Arabe ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>laixl4yk7ja07opc2oqzsn2mde306ao</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207237</id>
      <parentid>207236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:50:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207237</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4718" sha1="5a4kkb98zh7ngkvt84sy4wv0v6hpcai" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox| variante = a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di Arabe ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>5a4kkb98zh7ngkvt84sy4wv0v6hpcai</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207247</id>
      <parentid>207237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:39:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+variante</comment>
      <origin>207247</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4721" sha1="3wh0i91lu77k29bbosvy7k1r9clrt9q" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox|a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di Arabe ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>3wh0i91lu77k29bbosvy7k1r9clrt9q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207249</id>
      <parentid>207247</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:42:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wak articulo</comment>
      <origin>207249</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4855" sha1="dnqnv2ssuskns7qrfjb8968g8aaej9n" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] y [[tribon di krus|tribon di cruz]] (pagina di referencia) pa otro nificacion di topico.}}
{{Taxobox|a
| exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status  = CR
| imagen  = Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) 471864941.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. mokarran'' ([[islanan Kaiman|islanan Cayman]])
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. mokarran''
| autor   = Rüppell
| fecha   = 1837
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena mokarran''
| sinonimo= * ''Sphyrna ligo''  Fraser-Brunner, 1950
|original=''Zygaena dissimilis''
}}
'''''Sphyrna mokarran''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105817|titel=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=www.marinespecies.org|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena mokarran'' door di naturalista Aleman Eduard Rüppell na 1837. 

== Etimologia ==
E nomber specifico ''mokarran'' ta posiblemente deriva for di Arabe ''mogharn'' (&quot;cu cacho&quot;), ''S. mokarran'' a wordo describi for di [[Laman Kòrá|laman Cora]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-mokarran.html|titel=Sphyrna mokarran summary page|bezochtdatum=2026-09-26|werk=FishBase|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''S. mokarran'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun; esta, ''great hammerhead''  (Ingles), ''grote hamerhaai'' (Hulandes). &quot;Tribon cabes di martiu&quot; ta referi na e forma singular di su cabes, cu ta hancho y forma manera un martiu. 

== Distribucion y habitat ==
E especie ta habita den [[Oséano Pasífiko|Ocean Pacifico]], [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlantico]] y [[Oséano Indio|Indio]], tanto rond di costa den awa relativamente bashi como den regionnan hundo. E ta prefera awanan tropical y subtropical, y por wordo haya particularmente den region di Caribe, incluyendo e lama rond di [[islanan ABC]].

== Descripcion ==
''S. mokarran'' ta tribon di martiu mas grandi cu por alcansa un largura te cu 6 meter y un peso di mas o menos 450 kilo. E tinto ta generalmente mas grandi cu e macho. E curpa tin color shinishi scur of bruin cu e parti abou blanco.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/34693 DNM: E tribon cabes di martiu ta riba e lista di proteccion di nos leynan local], NoticiaCla (29 di juli 2025)&lt;/ref&gt; Su cabes hancho ta yama ‘'cephalofoil'’ y ta forma manera un T extende, cu su wowonan localisá riba cada punta. Su boca ta bou e cabes, cu 17 rij di djente triangular riba e cacumbein superior. E ta reemplasa su djentenan regularmente, mas o menos cada ocho dia. Durante su bida, e por gasta te cu 30.000 djente. 

E tribon ta ''viviparous'': e tinto ta pari yiunan bibo, entre 13 y 42 cada dos aña. E yiunan ta midi entre 50 y 70 centimeter na momento di nace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; E especie por biba te cu 30 aña.

E especie ta un predador poderoso y solitario. E ta alimenta su mes cu otro pisca, secat, kreeft, tribon mas chikito y preferiblemente cu chucho (stingray). Su cabes hancho ta yud’é pa detecta y presiona chuchonan cu ta scondi den santo bou di lama.

Aunke su tamaño y aparencia ta intimidante, e tribon aki no ta conoci como agresivo pa cu hende, y por demonstra curiosidad rond di buceadonan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Status ==
E tribon cabes di martiu ta den peliger di extincion pa motibo di sobrepiscamento. E ta particularmente comun riba e mercado [[China|Chines]] pa su halanan di tribon (uza den sopi tradicional). Evaluá na 2019, Union Internacional pa Conservacion di Naturalesa (IUCN) a clasifica ''S. mokarran'' como criticamente menasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba e lista di animalnan protegi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Estudionan recien a revela un disminucion alarmante den populacion di tribon predador grandi den e region noordwest di Atlantico, caminda e rutanan migratorio ta pasa. E bahada ta particularmente severo pa e tribon cabes di martiu, cu por tin consecuencia considerabel pa equilibrio di e ecosistema marino.&lt;ref&gt;Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2010). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528897/  Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean.], National Library of Medicine, 13(8), pag. 1055–1071.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., Minto, C., Ferretti, F., Boero, F., &amp; Lotze, H. K. (2014). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.12354 Predator decline leads to decreased stability in a coastal fish community.] Ecology Letters, 17(12), pag. 1518–1525&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mira tambe ==
* [[Animal protehi na Aruba]]

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>dnqnv2ssuskns7qrfjb8968g8aaej9n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tribon 'i pieda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13749</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207205</id>
      <parentid>205849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:29:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1979" sha1="g9ygy4jvtkel094npya7qoe8g4irlpd" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox| variante = c
| tipo = animal
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| imagen = Full Shot of a Caribbean Reef Shark at Tiger Beach Bahamas.jpg
| descripcion=''C. perezii'' ([[Bahamas]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = Chondrichthyes
| subclase = Elasmobranchii
| superorden = Selachimorpha
| orden = Carcharhiniformes
| famia = Carcharhinidae
| genero = ''Carcharhinus''
| c-nomber = ''Carcharhinus perezii''
| autor = [[Felipe Poey|Poey]]
| fecha = 1876
| parentesis = si
| origineel = ''Platypodon perezii''
| mapa = Cypron-Range Carcharhinus perezii.svg
| leyenda = Distribushon
| sinonimo = * Carcharinus springeri (Bigelow &amp; Schroeder, 1944)
}}
'''Tribon 'i pieda''' (''Carcharhinus perezii'') ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na e famia Carcharhinidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8264_dutchpamphlets-kb1-kb19403 |titel=Copye {{!}}van twee brieven, de eerste van de heer N.N. zynde een antwoord op de brief van de heer A.Z en de tweede, een weder-antwoord van de heer A.Z. aan de heer N.N. waer in de compagnie van assurantie en beleninge, &amp;amp;c. in de Zuydhollandse, Zeeuwse [...] steden worden ondersogt |bezochtdatum=2025-12-24 |werk=Dutch Pamphlets Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1876, e nòmber sientífiko di e espesie a wòrdu publiká komo ''Platypodon perezii'' dor di Poey Felipe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek |titel=Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural |achternaam=Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47807 |uitgever=La Sociedad |plaats=Madrid |datum=1876}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==

''C. perezii'' ta okurí denter e [[Oséano Atlántiko]], for di [[North Carolina]] pa [[Brasil]], inkluyendo [[Bermuda]], pa nort di golfo di Mexico, i [[laman Karibe]].  

{{Appendix|refs|2=
*{{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia |idioma=en |titel=
Caribbean reef shark |oldid=1313907057}}
{{References}}
}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>g9ygy4jvtkel094npya7qoe8g4irlpd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207217</id>
      <parentid>207205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:43:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207217</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1972" sha1="4oaci0emdpnfvuel09ecigxqsrah2ra" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox| variante = c
| tipo = animal
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| imagen = Full Shot of a Caribbean Reef Shark at Tiger Beach Bahamas.jpg
| descripcion=''C. perezii'' ([[Bahamas]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = Chondrichthyes
| subclase = Elasmobranchii
| superorden = Selachimorpha
| orden = Carcharhiniformes
| famia = Carcharhinidae
| genero = ''Carcharhinus''
| c-nomber = ''Carcharhinus perezii''
| autor = [[Felipe Poey|Poey]]
| fecha = 1876
| parentesis = si
| origineel = ''Platypodon perezii''
| mapa = Cypron-Range Carcharhinus perezii.svg
| leyenda = Distribushon
| sinonimo = * Carcharinus springeri (Bigelow &amp; Schroeder, 1944)
}}
'''Tribon 'i pieda''' (''Carcharhinus perezii'') ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na e famia Carcharhinidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8264_dutchpamphlets-kb1-kb19403 |titel=Copye {{!}}van twee brieven, de eerste van de heer N.N. zynde een antwoord op de brief van de heer A.Z en de tweede, een weder-antwoord van de heer A.Z. aan de heer N.N. waer in de compagnie van assurantie en beleninge, &amp;amp;c. in de Zuydhollandse, Zeeuwse [...] steden worden ondersogt |bezochtdatum=2025-12-24 |werk=Dutch Pamphlets Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1876, e nòmber sientífiko di e espesie a wòrdu publiká komo ''Platypodon perezii'' dor di Poey Felipe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek |titel=Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural |achternaam=Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47807 |uitgever=La Sociedad |plaats=Madrid |datum=1876}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==

''C. perezii'' ta okurí denter e [[Oséano Atlántiko]], for di [[North Carolina]] pa [[Brasil]], inkluyendo [[Bermuda]], pa nort di golfo di Mexico, i [[laman Karibe]].  

{{Appendix|refs|2=
*{{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia |idioma=en |titel=
Caribbean reef shark |oldid=1313907057}}
{{References}}
}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>4oaci0emdpnfvuel09ecigxqsrah2ra</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207229</id>
      <parentid>207217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:52:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207229</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1980" sha1="55b1h3vk33hf7a0l3ddg3d4xkjd3h56" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox| variante = c
| tipo = animal
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| imagen = Full Shot of a Caribbean Reef Shark at Tiger Beach Bahamas.jpg
| descripcion=''C. perezii'' ([[Bahamas]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = Chondrichthyes
| subclase = Elasmobranchii
| superorden = Selachimorpha
| orden = Carcharhiniformes
| famia = Carcharhinidae
| genero = ''Carcharhinus''
| c-nomber = ''Carcharhinus perezii''
| autor = [[Felipe Poey|Poey]]
| fecha = 1876
| parentesis = si
| origineel = ''Platypodon perezii''
| mapa = Cypron-Range Carcharhinus perezii.svg
| leyenda = Distribushon
| sinonimo = * Carcharinus springeri (Bigelow &amp; Schroeder, 1944)
}}
'''Tribon 'i pieda''' (''Carcharhinus perezii'') ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na e famia Carcharhinidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8264_dutchpamphlets-kb1-kb19403 |titel=Copye {{!}}van twee brieven, de eerste van de heer N.N. zynde een antwoord op de brief van de heer A.Z en de tweede, een weder-antwoord van de heer A.Z. aan de heer N.N. waer in de compagnie van assurantie en beleninge, &amp;amp;c. in de Zuydhollandse, Zeeuwse [...] steden worden ondersogt |bezochtdatum=2025-12-24 |werk=Dutch Pamphlets Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1876, e nòmber sientífiko di e espesie a wòrdu publiká komo ''Platypodon perezii'' dor di Poey Felipe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek |titel=Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural |achternaam=Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47807 |uitgever=La Sociedad |plaats=Madrid |datum=1876}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==

''C. perezii'' ta okurí denter e [[Oséano Atlántiko]], for di [[North Carolina]] pa [[Brasil]], inkluyendo [[Bermuda]], pa nort di golfo di Mexico, i [[laman Karibe]].  

{{Appendix|refs|2=
*{{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia |idioma=en |titel=
Caribbean reef shark |oldid=1313907057}}
{{References}}
}}
[[Kategoria:Carcharhinidae]]</text>
      <sha1>55b1h3vk33hf7a0l3ddg3d4xkjd3h56</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207231</id>
      <parentid>207229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:16:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ampliacion: +titulo: Nomber</comment>
      <origin>207231</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2447" sha1="7vug8t9ug5xhg9nukrnduef09b40k4q" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox| variante = c
| tipo = animal
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| imagen = Full Shot of a Caribbean Reef Shark at Tiger Beach Bahamas.jpg
| descripcion=''C. perezii'' ([[Bahamas]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = Chondrichthyes
| subclase = Elasmobranchii
| superorden = Selachimorpha
| orden = Carcharhiniformes
| famia = Carcharhinidae
| genero = ''Carcharhinus''
| c-nomber = ''Carcharhinus perezii''
| autor = [[Felipe Poey|Poey]]
| fecha = 1876
| parentesis = si
| origineel = ''Platypodon perezii''
| mapa = Cypron-Range Carcharhinus perezii.svg
| leyenda = Distribushon
| sinonimo = * Carcharinus springeri (Bigelow &amp; Schroeder, 1944)
}}
'''Tribon 'i pieda''' (''Carcharhinus perezii'') ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na e famia Carcharhinidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8264_dutchpamphlets-kb1-kb19403 |titel=Copye {{!}}van twee brieven, de eerste van de heer N.N. zynde een antwoord op de brief van de heer A.Z en de tweede, een weder-antwoord van de heer A.Z. aan de heer N.N. waer in de compagnie van assurantie en beleninge, &amp;amp;c. in de Zuydhollandse, Zeeuwse [...] steden worden ondersogt |bezochtdatum=2025-12-24 |werk=Dutch Pamphlets Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1876, e nòmber sientífiko di e espesie a wòrdu publiká komo ''Platypodon perezii'' dor di Poey Felipe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek |titel=Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural |achternaam=Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47807 |uitgever=La Sociedad |plaats=Madrid |datum=1876}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nòmber spesífiko ''perezii'' ta na honor di Felipe Poey su kompaña i amigu Laureano Perez Arcas (1824–1994), Universidat di Madrid, kende su buki di lès, ''Elementos'' ''de Zoología'', Poey a usa na Universidat di Havana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/carcharhinidae/|titel=Family CARCHARHINIDAE Jordan &amp; Evermann 1896 (Requiem Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|pagina's=Carcharhinus perezii|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==

''C. perezii'' ta okurí denter e [[Oséano Atlántiko]], for di [[North Carolina]] pa [[Brasil]], inkluyendo [[Bermuda]], pa nort di golfo di Mexico, i [[laman Karibe]].  

{{Appendix|refs|2=
*{{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia |idioma=en |titel=
Caribbean reef shark |oldid=1313907057}}
{{References}}
}}
[[Kategoria:Carcharhinidae]]</text>
      <sha1>7vug8t9ug5xhg9nukrnduef09b40k4q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Antwone Kelly</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14168</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207273</id>
      <parentid>187252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-20T08:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>update + ampliacion</comment>
      <origin>207273</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4989" sha1="qlnxo2hrqa26ide1bje62rymab2tk5f" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Infobox deportista| variante = a
| nomber completo   = Antwone Thyshon Kelly
| alias             = 
| fecha nacemento   = [[1 di sèptèmber|1 di september]] [[2003]]
| luga nacemento    = {{ABW}}
| fecha fayecimento = 
| luga fayecimento  = 
| nacionalidad_dep  = {{NLD}}
| haltura           = 178 cm
| peso              = 107 kg
&lt;!-- Seccion di informacion deportivo --&gt;
| deporte           =
| disciplina        = pitcher (man drechi)
| wo                = 
| debut             = 11 di maart 2023 (den [[Tim nashonal di beisbòl hulandes|team di Reino]])
| activo            = 2021 - presente
| distincion        =
}}
'''Antwone Thyshon Kelly''' (☆ [[1 di sèptèmber|1 di september]] [[2003]] na [[Oranjestad (Aruba)|Oranjestad]]) ta un pelotero profesional [[Aruba|Arubiano]] cu ta hunga como ''pitcher'' pa Pittsburgh Pirates di [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). Desde 2023 Kelly ta hunga pa e [[Tim nashonal di beisbòl hulandes|seleccion nacional di baseball di Hulanda]] den competencianan internacional.

== Carera ==
=== Carera profesional ===
Kelly a firma cu Pittsburgh Pirates na 2021 como &quot;international free agent&quot;. E mesun aña el a haci su debut profesional cu e ekipo di Dominican Summer League Pirates.

Na 2022 el a hunga pa Florida Complex League Pirates. Durante e temporada di 2023 el a cuminsa den e ''Complex League'' prome cu el a wordo promove pa Bradenton Marauders na final di e temporada.

Na 2024 Kelly a pasa henter e temporada cu Bradenton. Durante e aña el a tene un record di 1 ganá y 6 perdi, cu un &quot;earned run average&quot; (ERA) di 4,43 y 65 ponche den 69 innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web | titel=Fastball Command Helps Pirates' Antwone Kelly Take Next Step | datum=2025-05-02 | url=https://www.baseballamerica.com/stories/fastball-command-helps-pirates-antwone-kelly-take-next-step/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kelly a alcansa nivel di Doble-A den temporada 2025 y a cuminsa e temporada cu Greensboro Grasshoppers. Na yüni 2025 el a wordo promové pa Altoona Curve.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web | titel=Pitching delivers for Altoona Curve in win over Harrisburg Senators | url=https://www.altoonamirror.com/sports/altoona-curve/2025/07/pitching-delivers-for-altoona-curve-in-win-over-harrisburg-senators/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; Entre e dos ekipo el a haci 25 aparicion como &quot;pitcher cu ta habri&quot;, cu un record di 3 gana y 3 perdi, el a caba cu un ERA di 3,02 y 116 ponche&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |datum=2025-11-18 |titel=Pirates' Antwone Kelly: Joins 40-man roster |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/baseball/news/pirates-antwone-kelly-joins-40-man-roster/  |werk=CBS Sports |taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; den 107 entrada y un tercio di labor.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/36615 Antwone Kelly di Aruba ta habri awe pa seleccion di Reino na World Baseball Classic], NoticiaCla (6 di maart 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Dia 18 di novèmber 2025 Pittsburgh Pirates a agregá Kelly na nan &quot;40-man roster&quot;, pa proteh'é contra e &quot;Rule 5 draft&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Seb Visser, [https://honkbalsoftbal.nl/2025/11/19/antwone-kelly-op-40-man-roster-pirates/ Antwone Kelly op 40-man roster Pirates], honkbal.nl (19 di november 2025)&lt;/ref&gt;

Kelly a hasi su debut den MLB dia 12 di yüni 2026 como relevista contra di Miami Marlins. El a bira e  di siete hungado di Aruba cu ta yega e liga mayor y e di cuater como picher.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/41439 Antwone Kelly ta cerra prome temporada den MLB cu ocho aparicion], NoticiaCla (13 di october 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Danny Demilio, [https://pittsburghbaseballnow.com/pittsburgh-pirates-antwone-kelly-promoted-mlb-debut/ ‘It Means Everything,’ Antwone Kelly Set to Be 4th Aruban Pitcher MLB History], pittsburghbaseballnow.com (12 di juni 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Carera internacional ===
Kelly a debuta dia 11 di maart 2023 den [[Tim nashonal di beisbòl hulandes|team nacional di baseball di Hulanda]] durante [[World Baseball Classic]]. E wega contra Taiwan a termina den un derota 9:5. 

Na maart 2026 el a bolbe haci aparicion pa World Baseball Classic. El a permiti dos careda den tres inning, manteniendo e team den e wega contra Venezuela, cu a termina den un derota 6:2. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.mlb.com/news/netherlands-vs-venezuela-in-2026-world-baseball-classic In packed Pool D, Venezuela opens with important win over Netherlands], mlb.com (6 di maart 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Su ruman homber Jaitoine Kelly tambe ta un pitcher profesional, lansando pa Arizona Diamondback.&lt;ref&gt;Seb Visser, [https://honkbalsoftbal.nl/2026/03/05/jaitoine-kelly-ik-kijk-uit-naar-op-het-veld-staan-met-mijn-broer-en-big-leaguers/ Jaitone Kelly: ''Ik kijk uit naar op het veld staan met mijn broer en big leaguers!''.], honkbalsoftbal.nl (5 di maart 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=en|oldid =1340149509|titulo=Pittsburgh Pirates minor league players}}
{{References}}
* [https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=kelly-001ant Minors Stats Antwone Kelly]
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kelly, Antwone}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Beisbòl]]
[[Kategoria:Aruba]]</text>
      <sha1>qlnxo2hrqa26ide1bje62rymab2tk5f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207274</id>
      <parentid>207273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-20T08:09:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207274</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5012" sha1="l8ebf4fajdakgzjnd9bpeiwker3hr8q" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Infobox deportista| variante = a
| nomber completo   = Antwone Thyshon Kelly
| alias             = 
| fecha nacemento   = [[1 di sèptèmber|1 di september]] [[2003]]
| luga nacemento    = {{ABW}}
| fecha fayecimento = 
| luga fayecimento  = 
| nacionalidad_dep  = {{NLD}}
| haltura           = 178 cm
| peso              = 107 kg
&lt;!-- Seccion di informacion deportivo --&gt;
| deporte           =
| disciplina        = pitcher (man drechi)
| wo                = 
| debut             = 11 di maart 2023 (den [[Tim nashonal di beisbòl hulandes|team di Reino]])
| activo            = 2021 - presente
| distincion        =
}}
'''Antwone Thyshon Kelly''' (☆ [[1 di sèptèmber|1 di september]] [[2003]] na [[Oranjestad (Aruba)|Oranjestad]]) ta un pelotero profesional [[Aruba|Arubiano]] cu ta hunga como ''pitcher'' pa Pittsburgh Pirates di [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). Desde 2023 Kelly ta hunga pa e [[Tim nashonal di beisbòl hulandes|seleccion nacional di baseball di Hulanda]] den competencianan internacional.

== Carera ==
=== Carera profesional ===
Kelly a firma cu Pittsburgh Pirates na 2021 como &quot;international free agent&quot;. E mesun aña el a haci su debut profesional cu e ekipo di Dominican Summer League Pirates.

Na 2022 el a hunga pa Florida Complex League Pirates. Durante e temporada di 2023 el a cuminsa den e ''Complex League'' prome cu el a wordo promove pa Bradenton Marauders na final di e temporada.

Na 2024 Kelly a pasa henter e temporada cu Bradenton. Durante e aña el a tene un record di 1 ganá y 6 perdi, cu un &quot;earned run average&quot; (ERA) di 4,43 y 65 ponche den 69 innings.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web | titel=Fastball Command Helps Pirates' Antwone Kelly Take Next Step | datum=2025-05-02 | url=https://www.baseballamerica.com/stories/fastball-command-helps-pirates-antwone-kelly-take-next-step/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kelly a alcansa nivel di Doble-A den temporada 2025 y a cuminsa e temporada cu Greensboro Grasshoppers. Na yüni 2025 el a wordo promové pa Altoona Curve.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web | titel=Pitching delivers for Altoona Curve in win over Harrisburg Senators | url=https://www.altoonamirror.com/sports/altoona-curve/2025/07/pitching-delivers-for-altoona-curve-in-win-over-harrisburg-senators/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; Entre e dos ekipo el a haci 25 aparicion como &quot;pitcher cu ta habri&quot;, cu un record di 3 gana y 3 perdi, el a caba cu un ERA di 3,02 y 116 ponche&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |datum=2025-11-18 |titel=Pirates' Antwone Kelly: Joins 40-man roster |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/baseball/news/pirates-antwone-kelly-joins-40-man-roster/  |werk=CBS Sports |taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; den 107 entrada y un tercio di labor.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/36615 Antwone Kelly di Aruba ta habri awe pa seleccion di Reino na World Baseball Classic], NoticiaCla (6 di maart 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Dia 18 di novèmber 2025 Pittsburgh Pirates a agregá Kelly na nan &quot;40-man roster&quot;, pa proteh'é contra e &quot;Rule 5 draft&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Seb Visser, [https://honkbalsoftbal.nl/2025/11/19/antwone-kelly-op-40-man-roster-pirates/ Antwone Kelly op 40-man roster Pirates], honkbal.nl (19 di november 2025)&lt;/ref&gt;

Kelly a hasi su debut den MLB dia 12 di yüni 2026 como relevista contra di Miami Marlins. El a bira e  di siete hungado di Aruba cu ta yega e liga mayor y e di cuater como picher.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.noticiacla.com/news/41439 Antwone Kelly ta cerra prome temporada den MLB cu ocho aparicion], NoticiaCla (13 di october 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Danny Demilio, [https://pittsburghbaseballnow.com/pittsburgh-pirates-antwone-kelly-promoted-mlb-debut/ ‘It Means Everything,’ Antwone Kelly Set to Be 4th Aruban Pitcher MLB History], pittsburghbaseballnow.com (12 di juni 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Carera internacional ===
Kelly a debuta dia 11 di maart 2023 den [[Tim nashonal di beisbòl hulandes|team nacional di baseball di Hulanda]] durante [[World Baseball Classic]]. E wega contra Taiwan a termina den un derota 9:5. 

Na maart 2026 el a bolbe haci aparicion pa World Baseball Classic. El a permiti dos careda den tres inning, manteniendo e team den e wega contra Venezuela, cu a termina den un derota 6:2. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mlb.com/news/netherlands-vs-venezuela-in-2026-world-baseball-classic In packed Pool D, Venezuela opens with important win over Netherlands], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] (6 di maart 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Su ruman homber Jaitoine Kelly tambe ta un pitcher profesional, lansando pa Arizona Diamondback.&lt;ref&gt;Seb Visser, [https://honkbalsoftbal.nl/2026/03/05/jaitoine-kelly-ik-kijk-uit-naar-op-het-veld-staan-met-mijn-broer-en-big-leaguers/ Jaitone Kelly: ''Ik kijk uit naar op het veld staan met mijn broer en big leaguers!''.], honkbalsoftbal.nl (5 di maart 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix|refs|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=en|oldid =1340149509|titulo=Pittsburgh Pirates minor league players}}
{{References}}
* [https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=kelly-001ant Minors Stats Antwone Kelly]
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kelly, Antwone}}
[[Kategoria:Hende]]
[[Kategoria:Beisbòl]]
[[Kategoria:Aruba]]</text>
      <sha1>l8ebf4fajdakgzjnd9bpeiwker3hr8q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sphyrna lewini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14479</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207207</id>
      <parentid>207175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:30:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5207" sha1="i2ipr7pvjj2vld4laxqhlan7wbjviyz" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox| variante = a
| status  = CR
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''Tribon di cruz''' (''Sphyrna lewini'') ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>i2ipr7pvjj2vld4laxqhlan7wbjviyz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207209</id>
      <parentid>207207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:35:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Kallmemel moved page [[Tribon di cruz]] to [[Sphyrna lewini]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>207207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5207" sha1="i2ipr7pvjj2vld4laxqhlan7wbjviyz" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox| variante = a
| status  = CR
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''Tribon di cruz''' (''Sphyrna lewini'') ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>i2ipr7pvjj2vld4laxqhlan7wbjviyz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207211</id>
      <parentid>207209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207211</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5190" sha1="m41fadh0654mlwqu34qqn2anhr44cxh" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox| variante = a
| status  = CR
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''''Sphyrna lewini''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>m41fadh0654mlwqu34qqn2anhr44cxh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207221</id>
      <parentid>207211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>organisa kat</comment>
      <origin>207221</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5200" sha1="grwjv7m44to93ku16jz6vackgksaykq" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox| variante = a
| status  = CR
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''''Sphyrna lewini''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>grwjv7m44to93ku16jz6vackgksaykq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207233</id>
      <parentid>207221</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:41:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nomber */ ampliacion&gt;nomber, +ref</comment>
      <origin>207233</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5751" sha1="itmsuj4gueq0i8tzu6ifhtjrd3lr09a" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox| variante = a
| status  = CR
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''''Sphyrna lewini''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
E nomber specifico ''lewini'' su origen patronimico no ta determina; posiblemente na honor di John Lewin (1770–1819), kenda a ilustra e prome tomonan tokante historia di naturalesa Australiano (e tribon aki a wordo describi a base di un ehemplar di Australia) i kisas e por ta &quot;Sr. Lewin&quot; ku a ilustra e plachinan den e buki di Edward Griffith i Charles Hamilton Smith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/sphyrnidae/|titel=Family SPHYRNIDAE Bonaparte 1840 (Hammerhead Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>itmsuj4gueq0i8tzu6ifhtjrd3lr09a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207234</id>
      <parentid>207233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:43:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+parameter</comment>
      <origin>207234</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5772" sha1="b0lbroblrt2cvlar1jmagf4jidamixm" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{Taxobox| variante = a
| status  = CR
| fuente status=2018
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''''Sphyrna lewini''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
E nomber specifico ''lewini'' su origen patronimico no ta determina; posiblemente na honor di John Lewin (1770–1819), kenda a ilustra e prome tomonan tokante historia di naturalesa Australiano (e tribon aki a wordo describi a base di un ehemplar di Australia) i kisas e por ta &quot;Sr. Lewin&quot; ku a ilustra e plachinan den e buki di Edward Griffith i Charles Hamilton Smith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/sphyrnidae/|titel=Family SPHYRNIDAE Bonaparte 1840 (Hammerhead Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>b0lbroblrt2cvlar1jmagf4jidamixm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207248</id>
      <parentid>207234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:42:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wak articulo</comment>
      <origin>207248</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5894" sha1="2jee7dhy3ve2r6saqr6evytusl3x32s" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] y [[tribon di krus|tribon di cruz]] (pagina di referencia) pa otro nificacion di topico.}}
{{Taxobox|a
| status  = CR
| fuente status=2018
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''''Sphyrna lewini''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
E nomber specifico ''lewini'' su origen patronimico no ta determina; posiblemente na honor di John Lewin (1770–1819), kenda a ilustra e prome tomonan tokante historia di naturalesa Australiano (e tribon aki a wordo describi a base di un ehemplar di Australia) i kisas e por ta &quot;Sr. Lewin&quot; ku a ilustra e plachinan den e buki di Edward Griffith i Charles Hamilton Smith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/sphyrnidae/|titel=Family SPHYRNIDAE Bonaparte 1840 (Hammerhead Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di ''tribon di cruz'' na Papiamento, tambe como ''tribon martin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>2jee7dhy3ve2r6saqr6evytusl3x32s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207256</id>
      <parentid>207248</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:00:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nomber komun fet idruk</comment>
      <origin>207256</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5898" sha1="4ktpakie7z03v3jyj78ymaizd4oyddl" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|a}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] y [[tribon di krus|tribon di cruz]] (pagina di referencia) pa otro nificacion di topico.}}
{{Taxobox|a
| status  = CR
| fuente status=2018
| descripcion = ''S. lewini'' (isla Jarvis)
| reino   = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon =	[[Chordata]]
| superclase =
| clase   = Chondrichthyes
| orden   = Carcharhiniformes
| famia   = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero  = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| c-nomber= ''S. lewini''
| autor   = [[Edward Griffith|Griffith]] &amp; [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Smith]]
| fecha   = 1834
| parentesis = si 
| origineel = ''Zygaena lewini''
| worms   = 105816
| sinonimo= *''Sphyrna couardi'' Cadenat, 1951
| original = ''Zygaena lewini''
}}
'''''Sphyrna lewini''''' ta un [[espesie|especie]] di tribon di martiu (Sphyrnidae).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105816 on 2026-09-09|auteur=Griffith &amp; Smith|titel=FishBase. Sphyrna lewini|via=World Register of Marine Species|jaar=1834}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. lewini'' a wordo describi originalmente como ''Zygaena lewini''  door di Edward Griffith y Charles Hamilton Smith na 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek|titel=The class Pisces / arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.|achternaam=Cuvier|voornaam=Georges|url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/1979|uitgever=Whittaker|plaats=London|datum=1834|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.1979}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
E nomber specifico ''lewini'' su origen patronimico no ta determina; posiblemente na honor di John Lewin (1770–1819), kenda a ilustra e prome tomonan tokante historia di naturalesa Australiano (e tribon aki a wordo describi a base di un ehemplar di Australia) i kisas e por ta &quot;Sr. Lewin&quot; ku a ilustra e plachinan den e buki di Edward Griffith i Charles Hamilton Smith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/sphyrnidae/|titel=Family SPHYRNIDAE Bonaparte 1840 (Hammerhead Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta conoci bou diferente nomber comun ''scalloped hammerhead'' (Ingles), y ''geschulpte hamerhaai'' (Hulandes), y a pesar di '''tribon di cruz''' na Papiamento, tambe como '''tribon martin'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=185013 |titel=Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini |werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]] |bezochtdatum=2026-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Descripcion ==
''S. lewini'' ta un tribon grandi cu por alcansa un largura maximo di 370–430 cm. E largura ta varia entre populashon. ''S. lewini'' por crece mas pocopoco y alcansa un largura un size mas chikito den awa friu compara cu den areanan tropico. Machonan ta madura na 10 aña, tinto 13–15 aña, y por alcansa un edad maximo di 35 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S |jaar=2021 |hoofdstuk=CARCHARHINIFORMES: ground sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide |pagina's=324–579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su caracteristica mas distintivo ta su cabes plano y amplio, cu tin forma di un martiu (di unda su nomber). E forma aki ta yuda mehora su habilidad pa detecta prooi y pa maniobra den awa.

E curpa ta largo y fini, cu dos hala dorsal y un hala anal. Mientras e ta landa, e cabes ta move ligeramente di un banda pa otro.
== Distribucion y habitat ==
Mientras cu ''S. lewini'' ta mundialmente distribui, su populacionnan regional ta geneticamente distinto. E ta un especie cu ta habita ambos areanan cant'i costa y riba laman (semi-oceanico) awanan di temperatura templa y tropico.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''S. lewini'' ta wordo haya na e superficial te un profundidad cu ta surpasa 1.043 meter; e ta mayoria be haya cant'i costa, den bahia y ''estuario'' (caminda awa dushi y salo ta mescla). Hubenilnan ta principalmente ocuri den areanan cant'i costa, subadulto den awa mas profundo, mientras adulto ta algomera riba laman rond di seronan submarino. ''S. lewini'' ta aloha tipicamente den awa friu bou di capa ''thermoclina'' durante zomer, y mas cerca di superficie den lunanan mas friu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Comportacion ==
=== Mancha ===
[[Fail:Sphyrna lewini school2.jpg|thumb|Mancha di ''S. lewini'']]
Segun temporada, ''S. lewini'' ta un mancha di tribon migratorio. Manchanan grandi, principalmente tinto, ta aglomera rond di sero submarino y islanan durante dia, y ta plama anochi pa jaag; sea nan so of den grupo chikito. Tintonan no tin e tendencia di plama pa otro areanan riba distancianan largo, mientras cu machonan ta plama riba distancianan mucho mas grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dieet ==
''S. lewini'' su dieet ta consisti principalmente di prooi; esta, pisca di weso (Osteichthyes), tribon, manta y invertebra, manera cangreu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Generalmente, e no ta agresivo cu hende y ta mantene distancia di buceado.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

== Reproduccion ==
Anualmente, tintonan ta werp un tira di 12–41 criatura viviporo despues di un gestacion di 8–12 luna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Status ==
Evalua den 2018, ''S. lewini'' ta considera criticamente menasa door di [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN).&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Na [[Aruba]], e especie ta inclui riba [[Animal protehi na Aruba|lista di animal protegi]].

{{multiple image
| image1            = Hammerheadnet.jpg|thumb
| caption1          = ''S. lewini'' embroya den net
| image2            = Scalloped Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna lewini 01.jpg
| caption2          = ''S. lewini'' na merkado di pisca (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
| align             = right
}}

Sobrepiscamento, tanto intencional como accidental ta un menasa pa mayoria ''S. lewini''. E tribon ta particularmente busca pa su halanan, uza den mercado Asiatico, pa entre otro preparacion di sop'i tribon.{{Bròn?|2=2026|3=09|4=25}}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>4ktpakie7z03v3jyj78ymaizd4oyddl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Squalus cubensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207227</id>
      <parentid>206774</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:51:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207227</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4894" sha1="2isyu28kiol0lq8sa5b25uc0apzyjd7" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
|status=LC
|fuente status=2019
|imagen=Side shot right side.jpg
|descripcion=''S. cubensis''
|reino=[[Animal|Animalia]]
|troncon=[[Chordata]]
|clase=[[Elasmobranchii]]
|orden=[[Squaliformes]]
|famia=[[Squalidae]]
|genero=''[[Squalus]]''
|autor=[[Luis Howell Rivero|Howell Rivero]]
|fecha=1936
}}
'''''Squalus cubensis''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Squalidae den [[Òrde (biologia)|órden]] di Squaliformes.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|datum=2026|titel=FishBase. Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936|via=World Register of Marine Species|url= https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=158524|bezochtdatum=2026-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. cubensis'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Luis Howell-Rivero na 1936.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Howell Rivero, L.|datum=1936|titel=Some new, rare and little-known fishes from Cuba|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History|volume=41|nummer=4|pagina's=41-76, Pls. 9-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto, i kuater paratipo a wòrdu kolektá den serkania di [[Havana]] (Cuba) na novèmber 1934. E mònsternan ta preservá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;mcz_s-1458&quot; details=&quot;Paratipo: [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1459 MCZ: S-1459]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1460 MCZ: S-1460]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1461 MCZ: S-1461]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1462 MCZ: S-1462]&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1458|titel=MCZbase MCZ:Ich:S-1458 specimen record|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29|werk=mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu|taal=en|via=Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Henry B. Bigelow &amp; William C. Schroeder|hoofdstukurl=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7245976|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.7464|titel=Fishes of the western North Atlantic|oclc=1651057|editie= Memoir (Sears Foundation for Marine Research), no. 1|plaats=New Haven |uitgever=Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ|pagina=473|taal=en|jaar=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
''S. cubensis'' ta konosí bou diferente nomber komun; esta, ''Cuban dogfish'' (ingles) i tribon di wesu (papiamentu).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=180859|titel=Cuban Dogfish Squalus cubensis|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wesu&quot; ta referí na e sumpiña skèrpi riba lomba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buurt_2014&quot; details=&quot;p.85 (Tribon di wesu)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language|auteur=Gerard van Buurt|jaar=2014|ISBN=978-99904-2-348-8|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1058967878/Gerard-van-Buurt-Caquetio-Indians-on-Curacao-and-Caquetio-words-in-the-Papiamentu-language-Some-names-of-Animals-and-Plants-in-Papiamentu-8-okt-2014-M}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. cubensis'' su kurpa ta alargá i smal. Machunan madurá tin larguranan promedio di 38–44 cm, i tinto madurá 47–50 cm. Larguranan máksimo por alkansá 75 te ku posiblemente 110 cm. Kabes anchu, snùit kòrtiku i stòmpi. Tin un kantidat total di 50 djente; 28 den rei ariba i 22 den rei abou. E kurpa ta greis di koló, sin mancha. Manchanan pretu òf skur ariba e tòpnan di alanan di lomba (dorsal).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=SQUALIFORMES: dogfish sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=105–219|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
|image1=Dorsal side view.jpg
|caption1=Bista dorsal di ''S. cubensis''
|image2=Close up of Dorsal fin on S. cubensis.png
|caption2=Spiña kant'i ala riba lomba
|align=center
}}

== Komportashon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta okurí den manchanan grandi i denso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Repordukshon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta werp un tira di 10 kriatura viviporo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. cubensis'' ta distribuí na parti wèst di [[Oséano Atlántiko|Osean Atlántiko]]; den awanan tropikal. Riba laman, nan ta habitá e márgen pafo di plachinan kontinental kant'i slopinan mas ariba, ariba òf serka di e bòm. E habitat ta varia entre un profundidat di 10–731 m. Esnan mas yòn ta okurí den awa ménos hundu ku adulto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. cubensis''  komo no menasá. E ta aparentemente komun. Den mayoria di su distribushon geográfiko i alkanse profundo e no ta wòrdu piská. Kaminda e ta kapturá komo kèch sekundario, e ta wòrdu rechasá i tirá bèk den laman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Squalidae]]</text>
      <sha1>2isyu28kiol0lq8sa5b25uc0apzyjd7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207232</id>
      <parentid>207227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T15:23:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ampliacion: nomber specifico, +ref</comment>
      <origin>207232</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5190" sha1="89v8g34839sg815oi5irn9je88dlg88" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
|status=LC
|fuente status=2019
|imagen=Side shot right side.jpg
|descripcion=''S. cubensis''
|reino=[[Animal|Animalia]]
|troncon=[[Chordata]]
|clase=[[Elasmobranchii]]
|orden=[[Squaliformes]]
|famia=[[Squalidae]]
|genero=''[[Squalus]]''
|autor=[[Luis Howell Rivero|Howell Rivero]]
|fecha=1936
}}
'''''Squalus cubensis''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Squalidae den [[Òrde (biologia)|órden]] di Squaliformes.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|datum=2026|titel=FishBase. Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936|via=World Register of Marine Species|url= https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=158524|bezochtdatum=2026-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. cubensis'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Luis Howell-Rivero na 1936.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Howell Rivero, L.|datum=1936|titel=Some new, rare and little-known fishes from Cuba|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History|volume=41|nummer=4|pagina's=41-76, Pls. 9-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto, i kuater paratipo a wòrdu kolektá den serkania di [[Havana]] (Cuba) na novèmber 1934. E mònsternan ta preservá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;mcz_s-1458&quot; details=&quot;Paratipo: [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1459 MCZ: S-1459]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1460 MCZ: S-1460]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1461 MCZ: S-1461]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1462 MCZ: S-1462]&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1458|titel=MCZbase MCZ:Ich:S-1458 specimen record|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29|werk=mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu|taal=en|via=Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Henry B. Bigelow &amp; William C. Schroeder|hoofdstukurl=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7245976|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.7464|titel=Fishes of the western North Atlantic|oclc=1651057|editie= Memoir (Sears Foundation for Marine Research), no. 1|plaats=New Haven |uitgever=Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ|pagina=473|taal=en|jaar=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nomber ==
E nomber spesífiko ''cubensis'', ku sufiho latin ''-ensis'', ta indiká e lokalidat (Havana, Cuba) di e promé muestra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/squalidae/|titel=Family SQUALIDAE Blainville 1816 (Dogfish Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. cubensis'' ta konosí bou diferente nomber komun; esta, ''Cuban dogfish'' (ingles) i tribon di wesu (papiamentu).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=180859|titel=Cuban Dogfish Squalus cubensis|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wesu&quot; ta referí na e sumpiña skèrpi riba lomba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buurt_2014&quot; details=&quot;p.85 (Tribon di wesu)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language|auteur=Gerard van Buurt|jaar=2014|ISBN=978-99904-2-348-8|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1058967878/Gerard-van-Buurt-Caquetio-Indians-on-Curacao-and-Caquetio-words-in-the-Papiamentu-language-Some-names-of-Animals-and-Plants-in-Papiamentu-8-okt-2014-M}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. cubensis'' su kurpa ta alargá i smal. Machunan madurá tin larguranan promedio di 38–44 cm, i tinto madurá 47–50 cm. Larguranan máksimo por alkansá 75 te ku posiblemente 110 cm. Kabes anchu, snùit kòrtiku i stòmpi. Tin un kantidat total di 50 djente; 28 den rei ariba i 22 den rei abou. E kurpa ta greis di koló, sin mancha. Manchanan pretu òf skur ariba e tòpnan di alanan di lomba (dorsal).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=SQUALIFORMES: dogfish sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=105–219|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
|image1=Dorsal side view.jpg
|caption1=Bista dorsal di ''S. cubensis''
|image2=Close up of Dorsal fin on S. cubensis.png
|caption2=Spiña kant'i ala riba lomba
|align=center
}}

== Komportashon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta okurí den manchanan grandi i denso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Repordukshon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta werp un tira di 10 kriatura viviporo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. cubensis'' ta distribuí na parti wèst di [[Oséano Atlántiko|Osean Atlántiko]]; den awanan tropikal. Riba laman, nan ta habitá e márgen pafo di plachinan kontinental kant'i slopinan mas ariba, ariba òf serka di e bòm. E habitat ta varia entre un profundidat di 10–731 m. Esnan mas yòn ta okurí den awa ménos hundu ku adulto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. cubensis''  komo no menasá. E ta aparentemente komun. Den mayoria di su distribushon geográfiko i alkanse profundo e no ta wòrdu piská. Kaminda e ta kapturá komo kèch sekundario, e ta wòrdu rechasá i tirá bèk den laman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Squalidae]]</text>
      <sha1>89v8g34839sg815oi5irn9je88dlg88</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207246</id>
      <parentid>207232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:38:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ampliacion: nomber</comment>
      <origin>207246</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5251" sha1="4vc9yviu096orqypka8oqfralrm6y87" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
|status=LC
|fuente status=2019
|imagen=Side shot right side.jpg
|descripcion=''S. cubensis''
|reino=[[Animal|Animalia]]
|troncon=[[Chordata]]
|clase=[[Elasmobranchii]]
|orden=[[Squaliformes]]
|famia=[[Squalidae]]
|genero=''[[Squalus]]''
|autor=[[Luis Howell Rivero|Howell Rivero]]
|fecha=1936
}}
'''''Squalus cubensis''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Squalidae den [[Òrde (biologia)|órden]] di Squaliformes.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|datum=2026|titel=FishBase. Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936|via=World Register of Marine Species|url= https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=158524|bezochtdatum=2026-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. cubensis'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Luis Howell-Rivero na 1936.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Howell Rivero, L.|datum=1936|titel=Some new, rare and little-known fishes from Cuba|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History|volume=41|nummer=4|pagina's=41-76, Pls. 9-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto, i kuater paratipo a wòrdu kolektá den serkania di [[Havana]] (Cuba) na novèmber 1934. E mònsternan ta preservá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;mcz_s-1458&quot; details=&quot;Paratipo: [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1459 MCZ: S-1459]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1460 MCZ: S-1460]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1461 MCZ: S-1461]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1462 MCZ: S-1462]&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1458|titel=MCZbase MCZ:Ich:S-1458 specimen record|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29|werk=mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu|taal=en|via=Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Henry B. Bigelow &amp; William C. Schroeder|hoofdstukurl=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7245976|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.7464|titel=Fishes of the western North Atlantic|oclc=1651057|editie= Memoir (Sears Foundation for Marine Research), no. 1|plaats=New Haven |uitgever=Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ|pagina=473|taal=en|jaar=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nomber spesífiko ''cubensis'', ku sufiho latin ''-ensis'', ta indiká e lokalidat (Havana, Cuba) di e promé muestra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/squalidae/|titel=Family SQUALIDAE Blainville 1816 (Dogfish Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. cubensis'' ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, ''Cuban dogfish'' (ingles) i tribon di wesu (papiamentu).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=180859|titel=Cuban Dogfish Squalus cubensis|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wesu&quot; ta referí na e sumpiña skèrpi riba lomba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buurt_2014&quot; details=&quot;p.85 (Tribon di wesu)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language|auteur=Gerard van Buurt|jaar=2014|ISBN=978-99904-2-348-8|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1058967878/Gerard-van-Buurt-Caquetio-Indians-on-Curacao-and-Caquetio-words-in-the-Papiamentu-language-Some-names-of-Animals-and-Plants-in-Papiamentu-8-okt-2014-M}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otro nombernan komun tambe ta enserá warashi i hermanchi.

== Deskripshon ==
''S. cubensis'' su kurpa ta alargá i smal. Machunan madurá tin larguranan promedio di 38–44 cm, i tinto madurá 47–50 cm. Larguranan máksimo por alkansá 75 te ku posiblemente 110 cm. Kabes anchu, snùit kòrtiku i stòmpi. Tin un kantidat total di 50 djente; 28 den rei ariba i 22 den rei abou. E kurpa ta greis di koló, sin mancha. Manchanan pretu òf skur ariba e tòpnan di alanan di lomba (dorsal).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=SQUALIFORMES: dogfish sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=105–219|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
|image1=Dorsal side view.jpg
|caption1=Bista dorsal di ''S. cubensis''
|image2=Close up of Dorsal fin on S. cubensis.png
|caption2=Spiña kant'i ala riba lomba
|align=center
}}

== Komportashon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta okurí den manchanan grandi i denso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Repordukshon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta werp un tira di 10 kriatura viviporo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. cubensis'' ta distribuí na parti wèst di [[Oséano Atlántiko|Osean Atlántiko]]; den awanan tropikal. Riba laman, nan ta habitá e márgen pafo di plachinan kontinental kant'i slopinan mas ariba, ariba òf serka di e bòm. E habitat ta varia entre un profundidat di 10–731 m. Esnan mas yòn ta okurí den awa ménos hundu ku adulto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. cubensis''  komo no menasá. E ta aparentemente komun. Den mayoria di su distribushon geográfiko i alkanse profundo e no ta wòrdu piská. Kaminda e ta kapturá komo kèch sekundario, e ta wòrdu rechasá i tirá bèk den laman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Squalidae]]</text>
      <sha1>4vc9yviu096orqypka8oqfralrm6y87</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207251</id>
      <parentid>207246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:45:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wal articulo</comment>
      <origin>207251</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5382" sha1="rpb9auue2dw5hxbevbuokp8o1mjzz2l" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[tribon di wesu]], [[warashi]], i [[hermanchi]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
|status=LC
|fuente status=2019
|imagen=Side shot right side.jpg
|descripcion=''S. cubensis''
|reino=[[Animal|Animalia]]
|troncon=[[Chordata]]
|clase=[[Elasmobranchii]]
|orden=[[Squaliformes]]
|famia=[[Squalidae]]
|genero=''[[Squalus]]''
|autor=[[Luis Howell Rivero|Howell Rivero]]
|fecha=1936
}}
'''''Squalus cubensis''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Squalidae den [[Òrde (biologia)|órden]] di Squaliformes.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|datum=2026|titel=FishBase. Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936|via=World Register of Marine Species|url= https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=158524|bezochtdatum=2026-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. cubensis'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Luis Howell-Rivero na 1936.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Howell Rivero, L.|datum=1936|titel=Some new, rare and little-known fishes from Cuba|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History|volume=41|nummer=4|pagina's=41-76, Pls. 9-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto, i kuater paratipo a wòrdu kolektá den serkania di [[Havana]] (Cuba) na novèmber 1934. E mònsternan ta preservá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;mcz_s-1458&quot; details=&quot;Paratipo: [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1459 MCZ: S-1459]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1460 MCZ: S-1460]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1461 MCZ: S-1461]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1462 MCZ: S-1462]&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1458|titel=MCZbase MCZ:Ich:S-1458 specimen record|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29|werk=mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu|taal=en|via=Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Henry B. Bigelow &amp; William C. Schroeder|hoofdstukurl=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7245976|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.7464|titel=Fishes of the western North Atlantic|oclc=1651057|editie= Memoir (Sears Foundation for Marine Research), no. 1|plaats=New Haven |uitgever=Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ|pagina=473|taal=en|jaar=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nomber spesífiko ''cubensis'', ku sufiho latin ''-ensis'', ta indiká e lokalidat (Havana, Cuba) di e promé muestra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/squalidae/|titel=Family SQUALIDAE Blainville 1816 (Dogfish Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. cubensis'' ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, ''Cuban dogfish'' (ingles) i tribon di wesu (papiamentu).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=180859|titel=Cuban Dogfish Squalus cubensis|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wesu&quot; ta referí na e sumpiña skèrpi riba lomba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buurt_2014&quot; details=&quot;p.85 (Tribon di wesu)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language|auteur=Gerard van Buurt|jaar=2014|ISBN=978-99904-2-348-8|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1058967878/Gerard-van-Buurt-Caquetio-Indians-on-Curacao-and-Caquetio-words-in-the-Papiamentu-language-Some-names-of-Animals-and-Plants-in-Papiamentu-8-okt-2014-M}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otro nombernan komun tambe ta enserá warashi i hermanchi.

== Deskripshon ==
''S. cubensis'' su kurpa ta alargá i smal. Machunan madurá tin larguranan promedio di 38–44 cm, i tinto madurá 47–50 cm. Larguranan máksimo por alkansá 75 te ku posiblemente 110 cm. Kabes anchu, snùit kòrtiku i stòmpi. Tin un kantidat total di 50 djente; 28 den rei ariba i 22 den rei abou. E kurpa ta greis di koló, sin mancha. Manchanan pretu òf skur ariba e tòpnan di alanan di lomba (dorsal).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=SQUALIFORMES: dogfish sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=105–219|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
|image1=Dorsal side view.jpg
|caption1=Bista dorsal di ''S. cubensis''
|image2=Close up of Dorsal fin on S. cubensis.png
|caption2=Spiña kant'i ala riba lomba
|align=center
}}

== Komportashon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta okurí den manchanan grandi i denso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Repordukshon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta werp un tira di 10 kriatura viviporo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. cubensis'' ta distribuí na parti wèst di [[Oséano Atlántiko|Osean Atlántiko]]; den awanan tropikal. Riba laman, nan ta habitá e márgen pafo di plachinan kontinental kant'i slopinan mas ariba, ariba òf serka di e bòm. E habitat ta varia entre un profundidat di 10–731 m. Esnan mas yòn ta okurí den awa ménos hundu ku adulto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. cubensis''  komo no menasá. E ta aparentemente komun. Den mayoria di su distribushon geográfiko i alkanse profundo e no ta wòrdu piská. Kaminda e ta kapturá komo kèch sekundario, e ta wòrdu rechasá i tirá bèk den laman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Squalidae]]</text>
      <sha1>rpb9auue2dw5hxbevbuokp8o1mjzz2l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207253</id>
      <parentid>207251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:50:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207253</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5396" sha1="5m271i0hymr4mo7i00344z09laa8uco" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[tribon di wesu]], [[warashi]], i [[hermanchi]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
|status=LC
|fuente status=2019
|imagen=Side shot right side.jpg
|descripcion=''S. cubensis''
|reino=[[Animal|Animalia]]
|troncon=[[Chordata]]
|clase=[[Elasmobranchii]]
|orden=[[Squaliformes]]
|famia=[[Squalidae]]
|genero=''[[Squalus]]''
|autor=[[Luis Howell Rivero|Howell Rivero]]
|fecha=1936
}}
'''''Squalus cubensis''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Squalidae den [[Òrde (biologia)|órden]] di Squaliformes.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|datum=2026|titel=FishBase. Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936|via=World Register of Marine Species|url= https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=158524|bezochtdatum=2026-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. cubensis'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Luis Howell-Rivero na 1936.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Howell Rivero, L.|datum=1936|titel=Some new, rare and little-known fishes from Cuba|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History|volume=41|nummer=4|pagina's=41-76, Pls. 9-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto, i kuater paratipo a wòrdu kolektá den serkania di [[Havana]] (Cuba) na novèmber 1934. E mònsternan ta preservá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;mcz_s-1458&quot; details=&quot;Paratipo: [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1459 MCZ: S-1459]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1460 MCZ: S-1460]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1461 MCZ: S-1461]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1462 MCZ: S-1462]&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1458|titel=MCZbase MCZ:Ich:S-1458 specimen record|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29|werk=mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu|taal=en|via=Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Henry B. Bigelow &amp; William C. Schroeder|hoofdstukurl=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7245976|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.7464|titel=Fishes of the western North Atlantic|oclc=1651057|editie= Memoir (Sears Foundation for Marine Research), no. 1|plaats=New Haven |uitgever=Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ|pagina=473|taal=en|jaar=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nomber spesífiko ''cubensis'', ku sufiho latin ''-ensis'', ta indiká e lokalidat (Havana, Cuba) di e promé muestra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/squalidae/|titel=Family SQUALIDAE Blainville 1816 (Dogfish Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. cubensis'' ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, ''Cuban dogfish'' (ingles) i tribon di wesu (papiamentu).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=180859|titel=Cuban Dogfish Squalus cubensis|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wesu&quot; ta referí na e sumpiña skèrpi riba lomba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buurt_2014&quot; details=&quot;p.85 (Tribon di wesu)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language|auteur=Gerard van Buurt|jaar=2014|ISBN=978-99904-2-348-8|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1058967878/Gerard-van-Buurt-Caquetio-Indians-on-Curacao-and-Caquetio-words-in-the-Papiamentu-language-Some-names-of-Animals-and-Plants-in-Papiamentu-8-okt-2014-M}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otro nombernan komun na papiamentu tambe ta inkluí warashi i hermanchi.

== Deskripshon ==
''S. cubensis'' su kurpa ta alargá i smal. Machunan madurá tin larguranan promedio di 38–44 cm, i tinto madurá 47–50 cm. Larguranan máksimo por alkansá 75 te ku posiblemente 110 cm. Kabes anchu, snùit kòrtiku i stòmpi. Tin un kantidat total di 50 djente; 28 den rei ariba i 22 den rei abou. E kurpa ta greis di koló, sin mancha. Manchanan pretu òf skur ariba e tòpnan di alanan di lomba (dorsal).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=SQUALIFORMES: dogfish sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=105–219|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
|image1=Dorsal side view.jpg
|caption1=Bista dorsal di ''S. cubensis''
|image2=Close up of Dorsal fin on S. cubensis.png
|caption2=Spiña kant'i ala riba lomba
|align=center
}}

== Komportashon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta okurí den manchanan grandi i denso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Repordukshon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta werp un tira di 10 kriatura viviporo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. cubensis'' ta distribuí na parti wèst di [[Oséano Atlántiko|Osean Atlántiko]]; den awanan tropikal. Riba laman, nan ta habitá e márgen pafo di plachinan kontinental kant'i slopinan mas ariba, ariba òf serka di e bòm. E habitat ta varia entre un profundidat di 10–731 m. Esnan mas yòn ta okurí den awa ménos hundu ku adulto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. cubensis''  komo no menasá. E ta aparentemente komun. Den mayoria di su distribushon geográfiko i alkanse profundo e no ta wòrdu piská. Kaminda e ta kapturá komo kèch sekundario, e ta wòrdu rechasá i tirá bèk den laman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Squalidae]]</text>
      <sha1>5m271i0hymr4mo7i00344z09laa8uco</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207257</id>
      <parentid>207253</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:00:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nomber komun fet idruk</comment>
      <origin>207257</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5414" sha1="h9v33ispp7onbonx1787sv29snewmvm" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[tribon di wesu]], [[warashi]], i [[hermanchi]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
|status=LC
|fuente status=2019
|imagen=Side shot right side.jpg
|descripcion=''S. cubensis''
|reino=[[Animal|Animalia]]
|troncon=[[Chordata]]
|clase=[[Elasmobranchii]]
|orden=[[Squaliformes]]
|famia=[[Squalidae]]
|genero=''[[Squalus]]''
|autor=[[Luis Howell Rivero|Howell Rivero]]
|fecha=1936
}}
'''''Squalus cubensis''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Squalidae den [[Òrde (biologia)|órden]] di Squaliformes.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|datum=2026|titel=FishBase. Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936|via=World Register of Marine Species|url= https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=158524|bezochtdatum=2026-09-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. cubensis'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Luis Howell-Rivero na 1936.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Howell Rivero, L.|datum=1936|titel=Some new, rare and little-known fishes from Cuba|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History|volume=41|nummer=4|pagina's=41-76, Pls. 9-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto, i kuater paratipo a wòrdu kolektá den serkania di [[Havana]] (Cuba) na novèmber 1934. E mònsternan ta preservá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;mcz_s-1458&quot; details=&quot;Paratipo: [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1459 MCZ: S-1459]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1460 MCZ: S-1460]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1461 MCZ: S-1461]; [https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1462 MCZ: S-1462]&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ich:S-1458|titel=MCZbase MCZ:Ich:S-1458 specimen record|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29|werk=mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu|taal=en|via=Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Henry B. Bigelow &amp; William C. Schroeder|hoofdstukurl=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7245976|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.7464|titel=Fishes of the western North Atlantic|oclc=1651057|editie= Memoir (Sears Foundation for Marine Research), no. 1|plaats=New Haven |uitgever=Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ|pagina=473|taal=en|jaar=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nomber spesífiko ''cubensis'', ku sufiho latin ''-ensis'', ta indiká e lokalidat (Havana, Cuba) di e promé muestra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/squalidae/|titel=Family SQUALIDAE Blainville 1816 (Dogfish Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''S. cubensis'' ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, ''Cuban dogfish'' (ingles) i '''tribon di wesu''' (papiamentu).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=180859|titel=Cuban Dogfish Squalus cubensis|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]|bezochtdatum=2026-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Wesu&quot; ta referí na e sumpiña skèrpi riba lomba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buurt_2014&quot; details=&quot;p.85 (Tribon di wesu)&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|titel=Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language|auteur=Gerard van Buurt|jaar=2014|ISBN=978-99904-2-348-8|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/1058967878/Gerard-van-Buurt-Caquetio-Indians-on-Curacao-and-Caquetio-words-in-the-Papiamentu-language-Some-names-of-Animals-and-Plants-in-Papiamentu-8-okt-2014-M}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otro nombernan komun na papiamentu tambe ta inkluí '''warashi''' i '''hermanchi'''.

== Deskripshon ==
''S. cubensis'' su kurpa ta alargá i smal. Machunan madurá tin larguranan promedio di 38–44 cm, i tinto madurá 47–50 cm. Larguranan máksimo por alkansá 75 te ku posiblemente 110 cm. Kabes anchu, snùit kòrtiku i stòmpi. Tin un kantidat total di 50 djente; 28 den rei ariba i 22 den rei abou. E kurpa ta greis di koló, sin mancha. Manchanan pretu òf skur ariba e tòpnan di alanan di lomba (dorsal).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=SQUALIFORMES: dogfish sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=105–219|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Multiple image
|image1=Dorsal side view.jpg
|caption1=Bista dorsal di ''S. cubensis''
|image2=Close up of Dorsal fin on S. cubensis.png
|caption2=Spiña kant'i ala riba lomba
|align=center
}}

== Komportashon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta okurí den manchanan grandi i denso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Repordukshon ==
''S. cubensis'' ta werp un tira di 10 kriatura viviporo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. cubensis'' ta distribuí na parti wèst di [[Oséano Atlántiko|Osean Atlántiko]]; den awanan tropikal. Riba laman, nan ta habitá e márgen pafo di plachinan kontinental kant'i slopinan mas ariba, ariba òf serka di e bòm. E habitat ta varia entre un profundidat di 10–731 m. Esnan mas yòn ta okurí den awa ménos hundu ku adulto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. cubensis''  komo no menasá. E ta aparentemente komun. Den mayoria di su distribushon geográfiko i alkanse profundo e no ta wòrdu piská. Kaminda e ta kapturá komo kèch sekundario, e ta wòrdu rechasá i tirá bèk den laman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;/&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Squalidae]]</text>
      <sha1>h9v33ispp7onbonx1787sv29snewmvm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lista di tribon i chuchu di Karibe Hulandes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207243</id>
      <parentid>207069</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T16:36:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wikilink</comment>
      <origin>207243</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12116" sha1="jswar5fky92upfm6brofuud7zo4df3n" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
Esaki ta un '''lista di tribon i chuchu di Karibe Hulandes''' i nan estado di konservashon. Tribon i chuchu ta klasifiká den taksonomia komo klase di Elasmobranchii. [[Biodiversidat di Karibe Hulandes]] ta forma un ''hotspòt'' di biodiversidat, e awanan di Karibe Hulandes ta koinsidí parsialmente ku áreanan di distribishon di 94 [[espesie]]; 60 sorto di tribon i 34 sorto di chuchu; pues por spera e espesienan aki lo aparesé, de bes en kuando den awanan rònt di e islanan. Solamente 40% di espesienan aki ta konfirmá di ta presente den e awanan di Karibe Hulandes. A pesar di algun sorto (19) ku ta koinsidí parsialmente entre e islanan, islanan SSS i islanan ABC ta karakterisá pa populashonnan distinto di Elasmobranchii.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift |achternaam=Leurs |voornaam=Guido |titel=Diversity and Conservation Status of Sharks and Rays in the Dutch Caribbean |url=https://bioone.org/journals/caribbean-journal-of-science/volume-56/issue-1/cjos.v56i1.a24/Diversity-and-Conservation-Status-of-Sharks-and-Rays-in-the/10.18475/cjos.v56i1.a24.full |jaargang=56 |tijdschrift=Caribbean Journal of Science |datum=2026-05-20 |nummer=1 |doi=10.18475/cjos.v56i1.a24 |issn=0008-6452 |achternaam2=Debrot |voornaam2=Adolphe O. |achternaam3=Winter |voornaam3=Hendrik V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Státus ==
E estado di konservashon den [[Karibe Hulandes]] ta desfaborabel, konosementu riba nan diversidat i estado ta aún limitá. Mayoria di espesienan konfirmá (47%) ta menasá ku ekstinshon, i mas ku mitar di espesie no-konfirmá ta habitá awanan profundo. E presensia di tribon i chuchu ta esensial pa e salut di ekosistema marino; nan por tin variedat amplio di ròlnan ekológiko depende riba e espesie i fase di bida. Sinembargo nan populashon mundial a deteriorá fuertemente. Desde 2010, ya a raportá ku tribon ta pa un gran parti ousente for di sistemanan di ref karibense, inkluso Karibe Hulandes.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Protekshon ===
Desde 2 di sèptèmber 2015, un gran porshon pa ku [[Zona economico exclusivo|zona ekonomiko ekslusivo]] (EEZ) di [[Hulanda Karibense]] a wòrdu athudiká komo un santuario di mamífero marino i tribon, ''[[Parke Marino Yarari|Yarari Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary]]''. Na 2018, Sint Eustatius a djòin santuario Yarari ku su porshon di EEZ.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;/&gt;

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Leyenda
|-
!X
|Okurensia konfirmá
|-
!S
|Okurensia sperá
|-
!NK
|Informashon no-konfirmá/anekdóktiko
|-
!{{legend|PowderBlue}}
|Espesie resaltá ta regionalmente endémiko
|}
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Espesie
! Nòmber komun
! colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Distribushon
! colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Státus
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom&quot;|Chuchu
! {{titulo vertical|[[Aruba]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Kòrsou]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Boneiru]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Saba]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Sint Maarten|St. Maarten]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Sint Eustatius|St. Eustatius]]}}
! {{titulo vertical|[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN|IUCN]]}} 
|-
|''Aetobatus narinari''||Chuchu águila
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|{{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Myliobatis freminvillei''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Myliobatis goodei''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Mobula birostris''||Manta
|X||X||X||X||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mobula'' cf. ''birostris''||
|X||X||X||X||X||X
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Diplobatis guamachensis''||
|S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Gymnura micrura''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus americanus''||Chuchu&lt;br&gt;Chuchu ròk
|X||X||X||X||X||X
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus guttatus''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus say''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Narcine bancroftii''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Pristis Pristis''||
|S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Pseudobatos percellens''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Rhinoptera bonasus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhinoptera brasiliensis''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Styracura schmardae''||
|S||S||S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Urobatis jamaicensis''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Benthobatis marcida''||
|S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Breviraja nigriventralis''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Cruriraja rugosa''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||X
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dactylobatus clarkii''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dipturus bullisi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Dipturus garricki''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dipturus teevani''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Fenestraja sinusmexicanus''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Gurgesiella atlantica''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Pseudoraja fischeri''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Rajella fuliginea''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Rostroraja cervigoni''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Schroederobatis americana''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Springeria longirostris''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Mobula hypostoma''||
|S||S||X||NK||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mobula tarapacana''||
|X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Pteroplatytrygon violacea''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Tribon
|-
|''Carcharhinus signatus''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}}
|-
|''Galeocerdo cuvier''||Tintorero&lt;br&gt;Tribon tiger
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}} 
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Mustelus minicanis''||
| S ||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Sphyrna tudes''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus acronotus''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Carcharhinus altimus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus galapagensis''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus leucas''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus limbatus''||
| X || X || S || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus obscurus''||
|X||S||NK||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Carcharhinus perezi]]''||Tribon 'i pieda
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Carcharhinus porosus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Ginglymostoma cirratum''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Negaprion brevirostris''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhizoprionodon lalandii''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhizoprionodon porosus''||
| X || S || S || X || S || S 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna tiburo]]''||
|X||X||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mustelus canis''||
| S || S || X || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Mustelus higmani''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mustelus norrisi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Sphyrna media''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Apristurus canutus''||
|{{n/a}}||X||{{n/a}}||X||S||X
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Apristurus riveri''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Centrophorus granulosus''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||NK||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Centrophorus squamosus''||
|{{n/a}}||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Centrophorus uyato''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Etmopterus bigelowi''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus bullisi''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus gracilispinis''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus hillianus''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Etmopterus robinsi''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus schultzi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus virens''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Euporotomicrus bispinatus''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Galeus antillensis''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Galeus springeri''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Heptranchias perlo''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hexanchus griseus''||
|S||X||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hexanchus vitulus''||
|S||X||S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Oxynotus caribbaeus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''[[Scyliorhinus boa]]''||
|S||S||S||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''[[Scyliorhinus hesperius]]''||
|X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Squalus clarkae''||
|S||{{n/a}}||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''[[Squalus cubensis]]''|| Tribon di wesu
|S||X||X||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Squatina david''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Zameus squamulosus''||
|{{n/a}}||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Alopias superciliosus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Alopias vulpinus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus falciformis''||
|X||X||X||X||S||X
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus longimanus''||Ala seku
|S||X||X||X||S||S
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Carcharodon carcharias''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Cetorhinus maximus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Isurus oxyrinchus''||Tribon blou&lt;br&gt;Tribon mulá
|X||X||X||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Isurus paucus''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Megachasma pelagios]]''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Prionace glauca''||Tribon blou
|S||X||X||NK||S||S
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Rhincodon typus''||Tintotero&lt;br&gt;Tribon bayena
|X||X||X||X||X||X
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Sphyrna lewini]]''||Tribon di krus&lt;br&gt;Tribon martin
|X||X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna mokarran]]''||Tribon martin
|X||X||X||X||X||S
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna zygaena]]''||
|X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>jswar5fky92upfm6brofuud7zo4df3n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207254</id>
      <parentid>207243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:55:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>207254</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12116" sha1="gjrv6qk0jn53th8ns6u9urycprg7drv" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
Esaki ta un '''lista di tribon i chuchu di Karibe Hulandes''' i nan estado di konservashon. Tribon i chuchu ta klasifiká den taksonomia komo klase di Elasmobranchii. [[Biodiversidat di Karibe Hulandes]] ta forma un ''hotspòt'' di biodiversidat, e awanan di Karibe Hulandes ta koinsidí parsialmente ku áreanan di distribishon di 94 [[espesie]]; 60 sorto di tribon i 34 sorto di chuchu; pues por spera e espesienan aki lo aparesé, de bes en kuando den awanan rònt di e islanan. Solamente 40% di espesienan aki ta konfirmá di ta presente den e awanan di Karibe Hulandes. A pesar di algun sorto (19) ku ta koinsidí parsialmente entre e islanan, islanan SSS i islanan ABC ta karakterisá pa populashonnan distinto di Elasmobranchii.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift |achternaam=Leurs |voornaam=Guido |titel=Diversity and Conservation Status of Sharks and Rays in the Dutch Caribbean |url=https://bioone.org/journals/caribbean-journal-of-science/volume-56/issue-1/cjos.v56i1.a24/Diversity-and-Conservation-Status-of-Sharks-and-Rays-in-the/10.18475/cjos.v56i1.a24.full |jaargang=56 |tijdschrift=Caribbean Journal of Science |datum=2026-05-20 |nummer=1 |doi=10.18475/cjos.v56i1.a24 |issn=0008-6452 |achternaam2=Debrot |voornaam2=Adolphe O. |achternaam3=Winter |voornaam3=Hendrik V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Státus ==
E estado di konservashon den [[Karibe Hulandes]] ta desfaborabel, konosementu riba nan diversidat i estado ta aún limitá. Mayoria di espesienan konfirmá (47%) ta menasá ku ekstinshon, i mas ku mitar di espesie no-konfirmá ta habitá awanan profundo. E presensia di tribon i chuchu ta esensial pa e salut di ekosistema marino; nan por tin variedat amplio di ròlnan ekológiko depende riba e espesie i fase di bida. Sinembargo nan populashon mundial a deteriorá fuertemente. Desde 2010, ya a raportá ku tribon ta pa un gran parti ousente for di sistemanan di ref karibense, inkluso Karibe Hulandes.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Protekshon ===
Desde 2 di sèptèmber 2015, un gran porshon pa ku [[Zona economico exclusivo|zona ekonomiko ekslusivo]] (EEZ) di [[Hulanda Karibense]] a wòrdu athudiká komo un santuario di mamífero marino i tribon, ''[[Parke Marino Yarari|Yarari Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary]]''. Na 2018, Sint Eustatius a djòin santuario Yarari ku su porshon di EEZ.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;/&gt;

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Leyenda
|-
!X
|Okurensia konfirmá
|-
!S
|Okurensia sperá
|-
!NK
|Informashon no-konfirmá/anekdóktiko
|-
!{{legend|PowderBlue}}
|Espesie resaltá ta regionalmente endémiko
|}
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Espesie
! Nòmber komun
! colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Distribushon
! colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Státus
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom&quot;|Chuchu
! {{titulo vertical|[[Aruba]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Kòrsou]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Boneiru]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Saba]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Sint Maarten|St. Maarten]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Sint Eustatius|St. Eustatius]]}}
! {{titulo vertical|[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN|IUCN]]}} 
|-
|''Aetobatus narinari''||Chuchu águila
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|{{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Myliobatis freminvillei''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Myliobatis goodei''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Mobula birostris''||Manta
|X||X||X||X||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mobula'' cf. ''birostris''||
|X||X||X||X||X||X
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Diplobatis guamachensis''||
|S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Gymnura micrura''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus americanus''||Chuchu&lt;br&gt;Chuchu ròk
|X||X||X||X||X||X
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus guttatus''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus say''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Narcine bancroftii''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Pristis Pristis''||
|S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Pseudobatos percellens''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Rhinoptera bonasus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhinoptera brasiliensis''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Styracura schmardae''||
|S||S||S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Urobatis jamaicensis''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Benthobatis marcida''||
|S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Breviraja nigriventralis''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Cruriraja rugosa''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||X
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dactylobatus clarkii''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dipturus bullisi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Dipturus garricki''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dipturus teevani''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Fenestraja sinusmexicanus''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Gurgesiella atlantica''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Pseudoraja fischeri''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Rajella fuliginea''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Rostroraja cervigoni''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Schroederobatis americana''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Springeria longirostris''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Mobula hypostoma''||
|S||S||X||NK||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mobula tarapacana''||
|X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Pteroplatytrygon violacea''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Tribon
|-
|''Carcharhinus signatus''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}}
|-
|''Galeocerdo cuvier''||Tintorero&lt;br&gt;Tribon tiger
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}} 
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Mustelus minicanis''||
| S ||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Sphyrna tudes''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus acronotus''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Carcharhinus altimus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus galapagensis''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus leucas''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus limbatus''||
| X || X || S || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus obscurus''||
|X||S||NK||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Carcharhinus perezi]]''||Tribon 'i pieda
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Carcharhinus porosus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Ginglymostoma cirratum''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Negaprion brevirostris''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhizoprionodon lalandii''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhizoprionodon porosus''||
| X || S || S || X || S || S 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna tiburo]]''||
|X||X||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mustelus canis''||
| S || S || X || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Mustelus higmani''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mustelus norrisi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Sphyrna media''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Apristurus canutus''||
|{{n/a}}||X||{{n/a}}||X||S||X
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Apristurus riveri''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Centrophorus granulosus''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||NK||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Centrophorus squamosus''||
|{{n/a}}||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Centrophorus uyato''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Etmopterus bigelowi''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus bullisi''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus gracilispinis''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus hillianus''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Etmopterus robinsi''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus schultzi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus virens''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Euporotomicrus bispinatus''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Galeus antillensis''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Galeus springeri''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Heptranchias perlo''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hexanchus griseus''||
|S||X||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hexanchus vitulus''||
|S||X||S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Oxynotus caribbaeus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''[[Scyliorhinus boa]]''||
|S||S||S||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''[[Scyliorhinus hesperius]]''||
|X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Squalus clarkae''||
|S||{{n/a}}||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''[[Squalus cubensis]]''|| Tribon di wesu
|S||X||X||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Squatina david''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Zameus squamulosus''||
|{{n/a}}||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Alopias superciliosus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Alopias vulpinus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus falciformis''||
|X||X||X||X||S||X
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus longimanus''||Ala seku
|S||X||X||X||S||S
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Carcharodon carcharias''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Cetorhinus maximus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Isurus oxyrinchus''||Tribon blou&lt;br&gt;Tribon mulá
|X||X||X||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Isurus paucus''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Megachasma pelagios]]''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Prionace glauca''||Tribon blou
|S||X||X||NK||S||S
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Rhincodon typus''||Tintorero&lt;br&gt;Tribon bayena
|X||X||X||X||X||X
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Sphyrna lewini]]''||Tribon di krus&lt;br&gt;Tribon martin
|X||X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna mokarran]]''||Tribon martin
|X||X||X||X||X||S
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna zygaena]]''||
|X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>gjrv6qk0jn53th8ns6u9urycprg7drv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207255</id>
      <parentid>207254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:56:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+nomber komun</comment>
      <origin>207255</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12129" sha1="jdai8cleniq4n1l124lf5uaxtowaryu" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
Esaki ta un '''lista di tribon i chuchu di Karibe Hulandes''' i nan estado di konservashon. Tribon i chuchu ta klasifiká den taksonomia komo klase di Elasmobranchii. [[Biodiversidat di Karibe Hulandes]] ta forma un ''hotspòt'' di biodiversidat, e awanan di Karibe Hulandes ta koinsidí parsialmente ku áreanan di distribishon di 94 [[espesie]]; 60 sorto di tribon i 34 sorto di chuchu; pues por spera e espesienan aki lo aparesé, de bes en kuando den awanan rònt di e islanan. Solamente 40% di espesienan aki ta konfirmá di ta presente den e awanan di Karibe Hulandes. A pesar di algun sorto (19) ku ta koinsidí parsialmente entre e islanan, islanan SSS i islanan ABC ta karakterisá pa populashonnan distinto di Elasmobranchii.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift |achternaam=Leurs |voornaam=Guido |titel=Diversity and Conservation Status of Sharks and Rays in the Dutch Caribbean |url=https://bioone.org/journals/caribbean-journal-of-science/volume-56/issue-1/cjos.v56i1.a24/Diversity-and-Conservation-Status-of-Sharks-and-Rays-in-the/10.18475/cjos.v56i1.a24.full |jaargang=56 |tijdschrift=Caribbean Journal of Science |datum=2026-05-20 |nummer=1 |doi=10.18475/cjos.v56i1.a24 |issn=0008-6452 |achternaam2=Debrot |voornaam2=Adolphe O. |achternaam3=Winter |voornaam3=Hendrik V.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Státus ==
E estado di konservashon den [[Karibe Hulandes]] ta desfaborabel, konosementu riba nan diversidat i estado ta aún limitá. Mayoria di espesienan konfirmá (47%) ta menasá ku ekstinshon, i mas ku mitar di espesie no-konfirmá ta habitá awanan profundo. E presensia di tribon i chuchu ta esensial pa e salut di ekosistema marino; nan por tin variedat amplio di ròlnan ekológiko depende riba e espesie i fase di bida. Sinembargo nan populashon mundial a deteriorá fuertemente. Desde 2010, ya a raportá ku tribon ta pa un gran parti ousente for di sistemanan di ref karibense, inkluso Karibe Hulandes.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Protekshon ===
Desde 2 di sèptèmber 2015, un gran porshon pa ku [[Zona economico exclusivo|zona ekonomiko ekslusivo]] (EEZ) di [[Hulanda Karibense]] a wòrdu athudiká komo un santuario di mamífero marino i tribon, ''[[Parke Marino Yarari|Yarari Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary]]''. Na 2018, Sint Eustatius a djòin santuario Yarari ku su porshon di EEZ.&lt;ref name=&quot;leurs_2026&quot;/&gt;

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Leyenda
|-
!X
|Okurensia konfirmá
|-
!S
|Okurensia sperá
|-
!NK
|Informashon no-konfirmá/anekdóktiko
|-
!{{legend|PowderBlue}}
|Espesie resaltá ta regionalmente endémiko
|}
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Espesie
! Nòmber komun
! colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Distribushon
! colspan=&quot;4&quot;|Státus
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom&quot;|Chuchu
! {{titulo vertical|[[Aruba]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Kòrsou]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Boneiru]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Saba]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Sint Maarten|St. Maarten]]}} !! {{titulo vertical|[[Sint Eustatius|St. Eustatius]]}}
! {{titulo vertical|[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN|IUCN]]}} 
|-
|''Aetobatus narinari''||Chuchu águila
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|{{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Myliobatis freminvillei''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Myliobatis goodei''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Mobula birostris''||Manta
|X||X||X||X||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mobula'' cf. ''birostris''||
|X||X||X||X||X||X
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Diplobatis guamachensis''||
|S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Gymnura micrura''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus americanus''||Chuchu&lt;br&gt;Chuchu ròk
|X||X||X||X||X||X
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus guttatus''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hypanus say''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Narcine bancroftii''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Pristis Pristis''||
|S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Pseudobatos percellens''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Rhinoptera bonasus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhinoptera brasiliensis''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Styracura schmardae''||
|S||S||S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Urobatis jamaicensis''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Benthobatis marcida''||
|S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Breviraja nigriventralis''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Cruriraja rugosa''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||X
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dactylobatus clarkii''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dipturus bullisi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Dipturus garricki''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Dipturus teevani''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Fenestraja sinusmexicanus''||
|S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Gurgesiella atlantica''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Pseudoraja fischeri''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Rajella fuliginea''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Rostroraja cervigoni''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Schroederobatis americana''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Springeria longirostris''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Mobula hypostoma''||
|S||S||X||NK||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mobula tarapacana''||
|X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Pteroplatytrygon violacea''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Tribon
|-
|''Carcharhinus signatus''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}}
|-
|''Galeocerdo cuvier''||Tintorero&lt;br&gt;Tribon tiger
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}} 
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Mustelus minicanis''||
| S ||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Sphyrna tudes''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus acronotus''||
|S||S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Carcharhinus altimus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus galapagensis''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus leucas''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus limbatus''||
| X || X || S || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus obscurus''||
|X||S||NK||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Carcharhinus perezi]]''||Tribon 'i pieda
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Carcharhinus porosus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Ginglymostoma cirratum''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Negaprion brevirostris''||
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhizoprionodon lalandii''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Rhizoprionodon porosus''||
| X || S || S || X || S || S 
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna tiburo]]''||
|X||X||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mustelus canis''||
| S || S || X || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Mustelus higmani''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Mustelus norrisi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Sphyrna media''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Apristurus canutus''||
|{{n/a}}||X||{{n/a}}||X||S||X
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Apristurus riveri''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Centrophorus granulosus''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||NK||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Centrophorus squamosus''||
|{{n/a}}||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Centrophorus uyato''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Etmopterus bigelowi''||
| S || S || S || S || S || S 
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus bullisi''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus gracilispinis''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus hillianus''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Etmopterus robinsi''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus schultzi''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Etmopterus virens''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Euporotomicrus bispinatus''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Galeus antillensis''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''Galeus springeri''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Heptranchias perlo''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hexanchus griseus''||
|S||X||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Hexanchus vitulus''||
|S||X||S||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Oxynotus caribbaeus''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''[[Scyliorhinus boa]]''||
|S||S||S||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|style=&quot;background:PowderBlue;color:black;&quot;|''[[Scyliorhinus hesperius]]''||
|X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Squalus clarkae''||
|S||{{n/a}}||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''[[Squalus cubensis]]''|| Tribon di wesu
|S||X||X||X||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Squatina david''||
|S||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Zameus squamulosus''||
|{{n/a}}||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Alopias superciliosus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Alopias vulpinus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus falciformis''||
|X||X||X||X||S||X
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Carcharhinus longimanus''||Ala seku
|S||X||X||X||S||S
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''Carcharodon carcharias''||
|{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|''Cetorhinus maximus''||
|X||S||S||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Isurus oxyrinchus''||Tribon blou&lt;br&gt;Tribon mulá
|X||X||X||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''Isurus paucus''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Megachasma pelagios]]''||
|S||S||S||S||S||S
|{{color box|#60C659|LC}}
|-
|''Prionace glauca''||Tribon blou
|S||X||X||NK||S||S
|{{color box|#CCE226|NT}}
|-
|''Rhincodon typus''||Tintorero&lt;br&gt;Tribon bayena
|X||X||X||X||X||X
| {{color box|#FC7F3F |EN}} 
|-
|''[[Sphyrna lewini]]''||Tribon di krus&lt;br&gt;Tribon martin
|X||X||X||X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna mokarran]]''||Tribon martin
|X||X||X||X||X||S
|{{color box|#D81E05|CR|white}}
|-
|''[[Sphyrna zygaena]]''||Tribon martin
|X||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||S||S||S
| {{color box|#F9E814|VU}}
|-
|}

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>jdai8cleniq4n1l124lf5uaxtowaryu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Megachasma pelagios</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207222</id>
      <parentid>206819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:47:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207222</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3458" sha1="1pv05mspp7svcfi0hbvttyk7wex9l8t" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox|c
|exhibi titulo=cursivo
| status = LC
| fuente status = 2018
| imagen=Megamouth shark japan.jpg
| descripcion=Un muestra preservá di ''M. pelagios'' 
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| subclase = [[Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Lamniformes]]
| famia = [[Megachasmidae]]
| genero = ''[[Megachasma]]''
| c-nomber = ''Megachasma pelagios''
| autor = [[Leigthon R. Taylor|Taylor]], [[Leonard Compagno|Compagno]] &amp; [[Paul J. Struhsaker|Struhsaker]]
| fecha = 1983
}}
'''''Megachasma pelagios''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon for di [[Famia (biologia)|famia]] Megachasmidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=281542|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno &amp; Struhsaker, 1983|via=World Register of Marine Species}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''M. pelagios''  a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Leigthon R. Taylor, Leonard Compagno, i Paul J. Struhsaker na 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift |auteur=Taylor, L. R. Jr.; Compagno, L. J. V.; Struhsaker, P. J.|jaar=|titel=Megamouth--a new species, genus, and family of lamnoid shark (Megachasma pelagios, family Megachasmidae) from the Hawaiian Islands|tijdschrift=Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4)|volume=43|nummer=8|pagina's=87-110|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/52910|datum=1983-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu adulto (largura: 446 cm, peso: 750 kg) a wòrdu kapturá aksidentalmente 42 km nortost di Oahu ([[Hawaii (estado)|Hawaii]]) den 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nòmber spesífiko ''pelagios'' (griego: πελάγιος), &quot;di laman&quot;, ta referí na su habitat oseániko, den zona epipelágiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/megachasmidae/|titel=Family MEGACHASMIDAE Taylor, Compagno &amp; Struhsaker 1983 (Megamouth Shark)|bezochtdatum=2026-10-12|werk=The ETYFish Project|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
Un ''M. pelagios'' resien nasí su largura ta ménos ku 170 cm. E largura promedio di un machu madurá ta rònt di 425–450 cm, i tinto madurá ta mas o ménos 600 cm. ''M. pelagios'' por alkansá un largura máksimo di 820 cm.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Evidentemente'', M. pelagios'' tin un kabes alargá, grandi ku un snùit kòrtiku i rondó.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Komportashon ==
''M. pelagios'' ta migra vertikalmente ku kril (Euphausiacea), anochi, e ta subi serka di superfisie di awa, i ta retirá pa awanan mas profundo durante dia. E espesie lo por tin tehido luminoso paden di su boka pa atraé presa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''M. pelagios'' ta distribuí mundialmente, for di awanan templa-kalor pa laman tropikal. E espesie ta habitá área oseániko, kostero, i riba laman; ku un profundidat di 5–40 m riba plachi kontinental, i 0–1500 m riba laman ofer di awa profundo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Evaluá na 2018, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] a klasifiká ''M. pelagios'' komo no menasá.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Un tempu tabata pensa ku e espesie aki ta basta raro, e ta relativamente komun den algun área.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk= Lamniformes: mackerel sharks |titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=301-323|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Megachasmidae]]</text>
      <sha1>1pv05mspp7svcfi0hbvttyk7wex9l8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scyliorhinus hesperius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207226</id>
      <parentid>207064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:50:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3345" sha1="a23ffxrtf1zbwv1uk972wubzofnb6ny" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox|c
| exhibi titulo =cursivo
| status = LC
| fuente status = 2019
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]] 
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| famia = [[Scyliorhinidae]]
| genero = ''[[Scyliorhinus]]''
| autor = Springer
| fecha = 1966
}}
'''''Scyliorhinus hesperius''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Scyliorhinidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors|jaar=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Scyliorhinus hesperius Springer, 1966|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=271373 on 2026-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. hesperius'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente dor di Stewart Springer na 1966.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citeer tijdschrift|url=https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/review-western-atlantic-cat-sharks-scyliorhinidae-descriptions-new-genus-and-five-new|titel=A review of western Atlantic cat sharks, Scyliorhinidae, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species|datum=1966|volume=65|nummer=3|tijdschrift=United States Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin|pagina's=581-624}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dia 31 di mei 1962, e [[holotipo]] tinto inmaduro (largura: 415 mm) a wòrdu kapturá wèst di [[Panama]] den Golfo de los Mosquitos na un profundidat di 360–400 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nòmber spesífiko ''hesperius'' ta latin pa &quot;oksidental&quot;, derivá for di ''hésperos'' (ἕσπερος), strea'i anochi, probablemente ta referí na su okurensia den oséan Atlántiko oksidental, Karibe oksidental, i/òf na kosta wèst di Panama.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/scyliorhinidae/|titel=Family SCYLIORHINIDAE Gill 1862 (Catsharks)|werk=The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-14|pagina's=Scyliorhinus hesperius Springer 1966}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nòmbernan komun pa ''S. hesperius'' den ingles i hulandes, respektivamente, ta ''white-saddled catshark'' i ''witzadelkathaai''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.dutchcaribbeanspecies.org/linnaeus_ng/app/views/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=193002|titel=White-saddled catshark Scyliorhinus hesperius|bezochtdatum=2026-10-14|werk=[[Dutch Caribbean Species Register]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. hesperius'' ta un Scyliorhinidae relativamente chikitu i smal. E largura di un machu madurá ta 42 cm, i tinto ta por lo ménos 47 cm. Alanan di nanishi ta posishona dilanti di boka. Di dos ala dorsal (&quot;di lomba&quot;) ta mucho mas chikitu ku e promé. Kurpa ta kubrí ku 7–8 mancha skur; klaramente definí den forma di siya, i ku spiknan denso grandi blanku. Spiknan skur ta ousente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Habitat ==
''S. hesperius'' ta habitá áreanan riba òf kant'i bòm pa ku bahadanan kontinental na un profundidat di 200–634 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Evaluá na 2019, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. hesperius'' komo no menasá.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Machunan adulto ta okupá habitatnan inadekuá pa treiler; un boto komersial di piskamentu ku ta tou un reda dor di awa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Scyliorhinidae: catsharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=407-446|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Scyliorhinidae]]</text>
      <sha1>a23ffxrtf1zbwv1uk972wubzofnb6ny</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scyliorhinus boa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207224</id>
      <parentid>207066</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:49:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207224</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4082" sha1="i8zetme8idth8an0sw20zffw7cr01vn" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox|c
| exhibi titulo =cursivo
| status = LC
| fuente status = 2019
| imagen = Scyliorhinus boa Goode &amp; Bean, 1896.jpg
| descripcion= Un muestra preservá di ''S. boa'' den kolekshon di [[Naturalis Biodiversity Center]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://gbif.org/occurrence/2432821808|titel=Scylliorhinus boa Goode &amp; Bean, 1896|werk=Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Pisces|achternaam=Esther Dondorp|datum=2026-09-29|bezochtdatum=2026-10-15 |taal=en|via=GBIF.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]] 
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| famia = [[Scyliorhinidae]]
| genero = ''[[Scyliorhinus]]''
| autor = [[ George Brown Goode|Goode]] &amp; [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]]
| fecha = 1896
}}
'''''Scyliorhinus boa''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na [[famia (biologia)|famia]] Scyliorhinidae.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Scyliorhinus boa Goode &amp; Bean, 1896|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=271369|bezochtdatum=2026-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. boa'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo '' Scylliorhinus retifer'' var. ''boa'' dor di George Brown Goode i Tarleton Hoffman Bean na 1896.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer boek |titel=Oceanic ichthyology : a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers &quot;Blake,&quot; &quot;Albatross,&quot; and &quot;Fishhawk&quot; in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures|achternaam=Goode |voornaam=G. Brown |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/48521 |uitgever=Printed for the Museum |plaats=Cambridge, U.S.A |datum=1896|oclc=5685553|pagina=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E [[holotipo]] machu ku un largura di 149,9 mm a wòrdu kolektá na [[Barbados]] den 1986. E holotipo ta alohá den kolekshon di Museum of Comparitive Zoology (MCZ).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citeer tijdschrift|auteur=Karla D. A. Soares &amp; Marcelo R. De Carvalho|titel=The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution|url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4601.1.1|jaargang=4601|tijdschrift=Zootaxa |datum=2019-05-07|nummer=1|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4601.1.1 |issn=1175-5334}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nòmber spesífiko ''boa'' ta probablemente referí na su markashonnan brùin komo wowo di reda, similar ku esnan di un ''Boa constrictor''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/scyliorhinidae/|titel=Family SCYLIORHINIDAE Gill 1862 (Catsharks)|bezochtdatum=2026-10-16|datum=2025-11-07|werk=The ETYFish Project|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
E largura promedio di ''S. boa'' machu madurá ta 35 cm, i tinto madurá ta 40 cm. E espesie por alkansá un largura maximo di 54 cm pa machu i 52 cm pa tinto. ''S. boa'' ta smal ku di dos ala di lomba mucho mas chikitu ku esun promé. E ta greis di koló ku markashonnan diskreto den forma di siya i na su kustia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Scyliorhinidae: catsharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=407-446|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. boa'' ta [[Endemismo|endémiko]] pa [[laman Karibe]]. E ta okurí riba bahadanan insular di Barbados, [[Haiti]], [[Repúblika Dominikano]], [[Jamaica]], i bahadanan kontinental di [[Nicaragua]], [[Honduras]], [[Panama]],[[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Sürnam]], pa pasùit di [[Brasil]] i panort di [[Argentina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

E espesie ta habitá bahadanan kontinental i insular; ariba òf serka di bòm na un profundidat di 36–700 m, pero mayoria be abou di 200 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Evaluá na 2019, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. boa'' komo no menasá.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Den region Karibense, mayoria di e espesie ta distribuí abou di e profundidat pa ku piskamentu di treiler.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Scyliorhinidae]]</text>
      <sha1>i8zetme8idth8an0sw20zffw7cr01vn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Starlink</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207196</id>
      <parentid>207070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T12:49:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caribiana</username>
        <id>8320</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>207196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8621" sha1="s90yh1r3hyn9gguvpbn9wgajm718yfq" xml:space="preserve">{{Variante|c}}
{{Infobox empresa | variante = c
| nomber= Starlink
| logo  = Starlink Logo 2024.svg
| descripcion = 60 satélite Starlink djis promé ku despliegue dia 24 di mei 2019.
| zona  = {{BON}}&lt;br/&gt;{{CUW}}
| pais  = {{USA}}
| funda = [[2015]]
| fundado = SpaceX
| website = https://starlink.com/
}}

'''Starlink''' ta un ret di komunikashon via [[satelite|satélite]] di e kompania aerospasial merikano SpaceX. E ta proveé akseso na [[internet]] di banda hancho (''broadband'') pa usadó rònt mundu.

Starlink a kuminsá ofresé servisio komersial na [[Estadonan Uni di Amérika|Merka]] na 2020 i a amplia su kobertura internashonal durante e añanan ku a sigui. Pa yüni 2026, Starlink tabatin mas ku 12 mion usadó rònt mundu.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;&gt;[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026036936/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm FORM S-1: Space Exploration Technologies Cor&quot;], sec.gov (20 di mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Desaroyo==
E satélitenan di Starlink ta wòrdu desaroyá, fabriká i operá pa SpaceX na su instalashon na Redmond, [[Washington]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.geekwire.com/2017/spacex-lab-satellite-development-redmond/ SpaceX adds a big new lab to its satellite development operation in Seattle area], Geekwire, 27 di yanüari 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; E desaroyo di e sistema a kuminsá na 2015, i e promé prototiponan di satélite a wòrdu lansá dia 22 di febrüari 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;musk_tweet_feb22&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/966703261699854336 |titel=First two Starlink demo satellites, called Tintin A &amp; B, deployed and communicating to Earth stations (video) |auteur=Musk, Elon |datum=2018-02-22 |werk=Twitter|taal=en }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;musk_tweet_feb22_archive&quot;&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/966703261699854336 |titel=Elon Musk on Twitter: &quot;First two Starlink demo satellites, called Tintin A &amp; B, deployed and communicating to Earth stations… &quot; |datum=2018-02-22|archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222160042/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/966703261699854336 |archiefdatum=2018-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mei 2018, SpaceX a kalkulá ku e gastu pa diseñá, konstruí i desplegá e konstelashon di Starlink por lo ménos lo alkansá US$10 bion.&lt;ref&gt;Baylor, Michael, [https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/05/block-5-spacex-increase-launch-cadence-lower-prices/ With Block 5, SpaceX to increase launch cadence and lower prices], nasaspaceflight.com (17 di mei 2018)&lt;/ref&gt;  

Starlink ta usa un ret di satélite den órbita rònt di [[Tera (planeta)|planeta Tera]], konosí na inglés komo ''Low Earth Orbit'' (LEO). E ret a bira un parti importante di e negoshi di SpaceX. Pa fin di 2025, Starlink a generá aproksimadamente US$11,4 bion na entrada i US$4,4 bion di ganashi operashonal.&lt;ref name=:&quot;1&quot;/&gt;

==Ret di satélite==
Starlink ta konsistí di un konstelashon grandi di satélite den órbita. Na fin di yüli 2026, e sistema tabatin 10.876 satélite den órbita, loke a hasi SpaceX e operadó di satélite mas grandi na mundu.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web| url=https://planet4589.org/space/con/conlist.html| titel=Enormous (‚Mega‘) Satellite Constellations| werk=Jonathan’s Space Report| datum=2026-07-30| bezochtdatum=2026-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E outoridat regulatorio merikano, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), a otorgá pèrmit pa e operashon di 19.427 satélite Starlink. Ademas, te ku fin di 2022, SpaceX a presentá un solisitut pa lisensia pa 22.488 satélite adishonal.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web| url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starlink-satellites-florida-launch-1/| titel=SpaceX’s first batch of Starlink satellites already in Florida for launch debut| werk=Teslarati| datum=2019-04-30| bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://spacenews.com/fcc-grants-partial-approval-for-starlink-second-generation-constellation/ FCC grants partial approval for Starlink second-generation constellation], Spacenews (2 di desèmber 2022)&lt;/ref&gt; E kantidatnan aki ta ilustrá e eskala di e proyekto, ku ta muchu mas grandi ku e kantidat di satélite lansá durante e promé seis dékada di e era espasial.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn30000&quot;&gt;{{citeer web| auteur=Caleb Henry| url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-submits-paperwork-for-30000-more-starlink-satellites/ |titel=SpaceX submits paperwork for 30,000 more Starlink satellites| werk=Spacenews| datum=2019-10-15|bezochtdatum=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cnet.com/news/spacex-looks-to-rule-space-with-30000-more-satellites/ SpaceX looks to rule space with 30,000 more satellites], cnet.com (15 di òktober 2019)&lt;/ref&gt; 

E konstelashon grandi a trese preokupashon entre astrónomo i otro investigadónan. E lus reflehá pa e satélitenan por interferí ku opservashonnan astronómiko, miéntras ku e oumento di opheto den órbita ta kontribuí na preokupashon tokante kongestion orbital i e riesgo di bòksmentu den órbita.&lt;ref&gt;Drake, Nadia, [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/elon-musk-starlink-internet-satellites-trouble-for-astronomy-light-pollution  Will Elon Musk's Starlink satellites harm astronomy? Here's what we know], National Geographic (29 di mei 2019)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Servisio==
Starlink ta ofresé su servisio via un antena di satélite ku ta konektá ku e ret di satélite i e aparato di e kliente. E sistema ta permití akseso na internet sin e nesesidat di un konekshon físiko via kabel te na e edifisio di kada kliente.

Internet via satélite ta un alternativa pa habitante i negoshi den áreanan kaminda konekshon via kabel òf otro infrastruktura di [[Telecomunicacion|telekomunikashon]] ta limitá òf no ta disponibel. E por fungi tambe komo un alternativa durante interupshon di otro servisio di telekomunikashon. Esaki ta relevante pa islanan chikí i áreanan alehá, kaminda konstrukshon di infrastruktura terestre por rekerí invershonnan grandi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://nu.cw/2026/05/26/rac-onderzoekt-aanvraag-starlink-in-juni-antwoord-op-de-internetdienst/ RAC onderzoekt aanvraag Starlink in juni antwoord op de internetdienst], nu.cw (26 ñdi mei 2026)&lt;/ref&gt; Otro konsiderashonnan den su uso ta su velosidatnan altu, konekshon mas stabil, i fleksibilidat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bonaire&quot;/&gt;

Ademas di su uso residensial i komersial, Starlink ta proveé konektividat durante buelo pa diferente kompania di aviashon. Pa aplikashonnan gubernamental i di seguridat nashonal, SpaceX a desaroyá un division militar bou nòmber di Starshield.&lt;ref&gt;Maidenberg, Micah &amp; FitzGerald, Drew, [https://www.wsj.com/tech/musks-spacex-forges-tighter-links-with-u-s-spy-and-military-agencies-512399bd Musk’s SpaceX Forges Tighter Links With U.S. Spy and Military Agencies], Wall Street Journal (20 di febrüari 2024)&lt;/ref&gt; E ret di Starlink ta wòrdu usá dor di [[Ukrania]] den e guera kontra [[Rusia]] pa kontrolá [[dròn]]nan di atake, defensa i di suministro.&lt;ref&gt;Macias, Amanda &amp; Sheetz, Michael, [https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/01/pentagon-awards-spacex-with-ukraine-contract-for-starlink-satellite-internet.html Pentagon awards SpaceX with Ukraine contract for Starlink satellite internet], cnbc.com (1 di yüni 2023|)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://nos.nl/artikel/2634995-zelensky-wijst-naar-vs-na-wegvallen-inlichtingen-en-problemen-met-starlink Zelensky wijst naar VS na wegvallen inlichtingen en problemen met Starlink], nos.nl (14 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

===Servisio den Karibe Hulandes ===
Dia 7 di òktober 2026, gobièrnu di [[Kòrsou]] a otorgá un [[concesion|konseshon]] pa e servisio di internet via satélite di Starlink. E outorisashon ta amplia e kantidat di proveedónan di internet ku por ofresé servisio lokalmente.&lt;ref&gt;[https://nu.cw/2026/10/14/starlink-start-activiteiten-op-historische-dag-voor-curacao/ Starlink start activiteiten op historische dag voor Curacao], nu.cw (14 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

Anteriormente, na fin di 2025, Rijksinspectie Digitale Infrastructuur (RDI) di [[Hulanda]] a otorgá un konseshon di 15 aña pa e islanan [[Boneiru]], [[Sint Eustatius]] i [[Saba]].&lt;ref&gt;Sarah Lee-Jones, [https://teslanorth.com/2026/10/14/starlink-curacao-launch/ Starlink Just Switched On in Another Caribbean Island Nation], teslanorth.com (14 di òktober 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bonaire&quot;&gt;Hans Hofstra,[https://www.bonaire.nu/nieuws/economie/85826/starlink-wint-snel-terrein-op-bonaire-sneller-en-stabieler-dan-ooit-maar-vragen-over-subsidie-blijven- Starlink wint snel terrein op Bonaire: “Sneller en stabieler dan ooit, maar vragen over subsidie blijven”], bonaire.nu (17 di febrüari 2026)&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix|2=
* {{Tradukshon for di otro Wikipedia|idioma=de|oldid =270482760|titulo=Starlink}}
{{References}}
}}

[[Kategoria:Telekomunikashon]]
[[Kategoria:Kòrsou]]
[[Kategoria:Hulanda Karibense]]</text>
      <sha1>s90yh1r3hyn9gguvpbn9wgajm718yfq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sphyrna zygaena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207208</id>
      <parentid>207105</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207208</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4241" sha1="i7jagxql48n29hpp90qjr91ewwckbib" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = VU
| fuente status = 2018
| imagen = Smooth Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) 708911772.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. zygaena'' ([[Islanan Kanaria]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]] 
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus zygaena''
| sinonimo = * ''Squalus carolinensis'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Squalus malleus'' (Valenciennes, 1822)
* ''Squalis pictus'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Zygaena malleus'' Valenciennes, 1822
* ''Zygaena subarcuata'' Storer, 1848
* ''Zygaena vulgaris'' Cloquet, 1830
}}
'''''Sphyrna zygaena''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105819|bezochtdatum=2026-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. zygaena'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus zygaena'' dor di Carl Linaeus na 1758.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Linnaeus, C.|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. zygaena'' resien nasí tin un largura di 49–63 cm. E largura di machu i tintonan madurá ta varia pa region kual ta mas o ménos 210–265 cm. E espesie por alkansá larguranan máksimo di 256 cm pa machu, i 370–400 cm pa tinto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Den áreanan tropiko, e espesie por wòrdu konfundí ku [[Sphyrna lewini]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Komportashon ==
E tribonnan yòn (te ku 1,5 m) ta okurí tin biaha den manchanan migratorio grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Produkshon ==
''S. zygaena'' ta werp un tira di 20–50 kriatura viviporo despues di un gestashon di 10–11 luna. E espesie ta madurá rònt edat di 15 aña, i por alkansá un edat máksimo di 24–25 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. zygaena'' ta distribuí mundialmente den awanan tropiko i templa. E espesie ta tolerá awanan mas friu kompara ku otro tribon martin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Habitá riba plachi kontinental i insular, for di kosta pa riba laman na un profundidat di 0–200 m, posiblamente te ku 500 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Globalmente evaluá na 2018, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. zygaena'' komo vulnerabel.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Den su distribushon, ''S. zygaena'' ta blanku i kèch sekundario pa piskamentu komersial i artesano. Na 2014–2015, e ta e di kuater espesie mas abundante den komersio di ala di Hong Kong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt; 

E espesie ta pa gran parti no manehá pafó di osean nortwest [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlántiko]], [[Australia]], i [[Nueva Zelandia]]. Protehá den áreanan mediteráneo kaminda e ta klasifiká komo kirtikamente menasá pa IUCN (evaluá na 2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39388/16527905|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Mediterranean assessment).|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|auteur=Ferretti, F., Soldo, A., Casper, B., Domingo, A., Gaibor, N., Heupel, M.R., Kotas, J., Lamónaca, A., Smith, W.D., Stevens, J., Vooren, C.M. &amp; Pérez-Jiménez, J.|datum=2016|werk=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39388A16527905.}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ta inkorporá den [[CITES]] i CMS Appendix II,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.cms.int/species/sphyrna-zygaena|titel=Sphyrna zygaena|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|werk=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals}}&lt;/ref&gt; i prohibí pa piskamente pelágiko den Komishon Internashonal pa Konservashon di Tuna Atlántiko (ICCAT) i Komishon Inter-Merikano di Tuna Tropikal (IATTC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>i7jagxql48n29hpp90qjr91ewwckbib</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207218</id>
      <parentid>207208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:44:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>organisa kat</comment>
      <origin>207218</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4248" sha1="lj2ljclwmnknojtg75vs54hc6t981ng" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = VU
| fuente status = 2018
| imagen = Smooth Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) 708911772.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. zygaena'' ([[Islanan Kanaria]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]] 
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus zygaena''
| sinonimo = * ''Squalus carolinensis'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Squalus malleus'' (Valenciennes, 1822)
* ''Squalis pictus'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Zygaena malleus'' Valenciennes, 1822
* ''Zygaena subarcuata'' Storer, 1848
* ''Zygaena vulgaris'' Cloquet, 1830
}}
'''''Sphyrna zygaena''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105819|bezochtdatum=2026-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. zygaena'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus zygaena'' dor di Carl Linaeus na 1758.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Linnaeus, C.|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. zygaena'' resien nasí tin un largura di 49–63 cm. E largura di machu i tintonan madurá ta varia pa region kual ta mas o ménos 210–265 cm. E espesie por alkansá larguranan máksimo di 256 cm pa machu, i 370–400 cm pa tinto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Den áreanan tropiko, e espesie por wòrdu konfundí ku [[Sphyrna lewini]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Komportashon ==
E tribonnan yòn (te ku 1,5 m) ta okurí tin biaha den manchanan migratorio grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Produkshon ==
''S. zygaena'' ta werp un tira di 20–50 kriatura viviporo despues di un gestashon di 10–11 luna. E espesie ta madurá rònt edat di 15 aña, i por alkansá un edat máksimo di 24–25 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. zygaena'' ta distribuí mundialmente den awanan tropiko i templa. E espesie ta tolerá awanan mas friu kompara ku otro tribon martin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Habitá riba plachi kontinental i insular, for di kosta pa riba laman na un profundidat di 0–200 m, posiblamente te ku 500 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Globalmente evaluá na 2018, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. zygaena'' komo vulnerabel.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Den su distribushon, ''S. zygaena'' ta blanku i kèch sekundario pa piskamentu komersial i artesano. Na 2014–2015, e ta e di kuater espesie mas abundante den komersio di ala di Hong Kong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt; 

E espesie ta pa gran parti no manehá pafó di osean nortwest [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlántiko]], [[Australia]], i [[Nueva Zelandia]]. Protehá den áreanan mediteráneo kaminda e ta klasifiká komo kirtikamente menasá pa IUCN (evaluá na 2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39388/16527905|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Mediterranean assessment).|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|auteur=Ferretti, F., Soldo, A., Casper, B., Domingo, A., Gaibor, N., Heupel, M.R., Kotas, J., Lamónaca, A., Smith, W.D., Stevens, J., Vooren, C.M. &amp; Pérez-Jiménez, J.|datum=2016|werk=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39388A16527905.}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ta inkorporá den [[CITES]] i CMS Appendix II,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.cms.int/species/sphyrna-zygaena|titel=Sphyrna zygaena|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|werk=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals}}&lt;/ref&gt; i prohibí pa piskamente pelágiko den Komishon Internashonal pa Konservashon di Tuna Atlántiko (ICCAT) i Komishon Inter-Merikano di Tuna Tropikal (IATTC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>lj2ljclwmnknojtg75vs54hc6t981ng</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207219</id>
      <parentid>207218</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:44:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>organisa kat</comment>
      <origin>207219</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4249" sha1="441dpg389ts0m6e3ncto8qp8sbd1i8n" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = VU
| fuente status = 2018
| imagen = Smooth Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) 708911772.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. zygaena'' ([[Islanan Kanaria]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]] 
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus zygaena''
| sinonimo = * ''Squalus carolinensis'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Squalus malleus'' (Valenciennes, 1822)
* ''Squalis pictus'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Zygaena malleus'' Valenciennes, 1822
* ''Zygaena subarcuata'' Storer, 1848
* ''Zygaena vulgaris'' Cloquet, 1830
}}
'''''Sphyrna zygaena''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105819|bezochtdatum=2026-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. zygaena'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus zygaena'' dor di Carl Linaeus na 1758.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Linnaeus, C.|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. zygaena'' resien nasí tin un largura di 49–63 cm. E largura di machu i tintonan madurá ta varia pa region kual ta mas o ménos 210–265 cm. E espesie por alkansá larguranan máksimo di 256 cm pa machu, i 370–400 cm pa tinto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Den áreanan tropiko, e espesie por wòrdu konfundí ku [[Sphyrna lewini]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Komportashon ==
E tribonnan yòn (te ku 1,5 m) ta okurí tin biaha den manchanan migratorio grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Produkshon ==
''S. zygaena'' ta werp un tira di 20–50 kriatura viviporo despues di un gestashon di 10–11 luna. E espesie ta madurá rònt edat di 15 aña, i por alkansá un edat máksimo di 24–25 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. zygaena'' ta distribuí mundialmente den awanan tropiko i templa. E espesie ta tolerá awanan mas friu kompara ku otro tribon martin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Habitá riba plachi kontinental i insular, for di kosta pa riba laman na un profundidat di 0–200 m, posiblamente te ku 500 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Globalmente evaluá na 2018, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. zygaena'' komo vulnerabel.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Den su distribushon, ''S. zygaena'' ta blanku i kèch sekundario pa piskamentu komersial i artesano. Na 2014–2015, e ta e di kuater espesie mas abundante den komersio di ala di Hong Kong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt; 

E espesie ta pa gran parti no manehá pafó di osean nortwest [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlántiko]], [[Australia]], i [[Nueva Zelandia]]. Protehá den áreanan mediteráneo kaminda e ta klasifiká komo kirtikamente menasá pa IUCN (evaluá na 2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39388/16527905|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Mediterranean assessment).|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|auteur=Ferretti, F., Soldo, A., Casper, B., Domingo, A., Gaibor, N., Heupel, M.R., Kotas, J., Lamónaca, A., Smith, W.D., Stevens, J., Vooren, C.M. &amp; Pérez-Jiménez, J.|datum=2016|werk=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39388A16527905.}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ta inkorporá den [[CITES]] i CMS Appendix II,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.cms.int/species/sphyrna-zygaena|titel=Sphyrna zygaena|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|werk=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals}}&lt;/ref&gt; i prohibí pa piskamente pelágiko den Komishon Internashonal pa Konservashon di Tuna Atlántiko (ICCAT) i Komishon Inter-Merikano di Tuna Tropikal (IATTC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|zygaena]]</text>
      <sha1>441dpg389ts0m6e3ncto8qp8sbd1i8n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207238</id>
      <parentid>207219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T16:09:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ampliacion:+nomber, +ref</comment>
      <origin>207238</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4634" sha1="sqjqrf3p8e6ofcna1fcs31qw2ypw8q3" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = VU
| fuente status = 2018
| imagen = Smooth Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) 708911772.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. zygaena'' ([[Islanan Kanaria]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]] 
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus zygaena''
| sinonimo = * ''Squalus carolinensis'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Squalus malleus'' (Valenciennes, 1822)
* ''Squalis pictus'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Zygaena malleus'' Valenciennes, 1822
* ''Zygaena subarcuata'' Storer, 1848
* ''Zygaena vulgaris'' Cloquet, 1830
}}
'''''Sphyrna zygaena''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105819|bezochtdatum=2026-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. zygaena'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus zygaena'' dor di Carl Linaeus na 1758.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Linnaeus, C.|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nòmber spesífiko ''zygaena'' ta fiá for di griego antiguo ''zygaina'' pa tribon martin, derivá for di ''zygón'', ku ta nifiká &quot;yùk&quot; i ta referí na e forma di kabes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/sphyrnidae/|titel=Family SPHYRNIDAE Bonaparte 1840 (Hammerhead Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. zygaena'' resien nasí tin un largura di 49–63 cm. E largura di machu i tintonan madurá ta varia pa region kual ta mas o ménos 210–265 cm. E espesie por alkansá larguranan máksimo di 256 cm pa machu, i 370–400 cm pa tinto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Den áreanan tropiko, e espesie por wòrdu konfundí ku [[Sphyrna lewini]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Komportashon ==
E tribonnan yòn (te ku 1,5 m) ta okurí tin biaha den manchanan migratorio grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Produkshon ==
''S. zygaena'' ta werp un tira di 20–50 kriatura viviporo despues di un gestashon di 10–11 luna. E espesie ta madurá rònt edat di 15 aña, i por alkansá un edat máksimo di 24–25 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. zygaena'' ta distribuí mundialmente den awanan tropiko i templa. E espesie ta tolerá awanan mas friu kompara ku otro tribon martin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Habitá riba plachi kontinental i insular, for di kosta pa riba laman na un profundidat di 0–200 m, posiblamente te ku 500 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Globalmente evaluá na 2018, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. zygaena'' komo vulnerabel.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Den su distribushon, ''S. zygaena'' ta blanku i kèch sekundario pa piskamentu komersial i artesano. Na 2014–2015, e ta e di kuater espesie mas abundante den komersio di ala di Hong Kong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt; 

E espesie ta pa gran parti no manehá pafó di osean nortwest [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlántiko]], [[Australia]], i [[Nueva Zelandia]]. Protehá den áreanan mediteráneo kaminda e ta klasifiká komo kirtikamente menasá pa IUCN (evaluá na 2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39388/16527905|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Mediterranean assessment).|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|auteur=Ferretti, F., Soldo, A., Casper, B., Domingo, A., Gaibor, N., Heupel, M.R., Kotas, J., Lamónaca, A., Smith, W.D., Stevens, J., Vooren, C.M. &amp; Pérez-Jiménez, J.|datum=2016|werk=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39388A16527905.}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ta inkorporá den [[CITES]] i CMS Appendix II,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.cms.int/species/sphyrna-zygaena|titel=Sphyrna zygaena|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|werk=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals}}&lt;/ref&gt; i prohibí pa piskamente pelágiko den Komishon Internashonal pa Konservashon di Tuna Atlántiko (ICCAT) i Komishon Inter-Merikano di Tuna Tropikal (IATTC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|zygaena]]</text>
      <sha1>sqjqrf3p8e6ofcna1fcs31qw2ypw8q3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207250</id>
      <parentid>207238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T17:44:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wak articulo</comment>
      <origin>207250</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4755" sha1="74ynmmoczr7v0dpw3yok5uspv2unlz5" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] i [[tribon di krus]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Taxobox
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = VU
| fuente status = 2018
| imagen = Smooth Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) 708911772.jpg
| descripcion = ''S. zygaena'' ([[Islanan Kanaria]])
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]] 
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus zygaena''
| sinonimo = * ''Squalus carolinensis'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Squalus malleus'' (Valenciennes, 1822)
* ''Squalis pictus'' Blainville, 1816
* ''Zygaena malleus'' Valenciennes, 1822
* ''Zygaena subarcuata'' Storer, 1848
* ''Zygaena vulgaris'' Cloquet, 1830
}}
'''''Sphyrna zygaena''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer web|auteur=Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors.|datum=2026|werk=FishBase|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)|via=World Register of Marine Species|url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105819|bezochtdatum=2026-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. zygaena'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus zygaena'' dor di Carl Linaeus na 1758.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Linnaeus, C.|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
E nòmber spesífiko ''zygaena'' ta fiá for di griego antiguo ''zygaina'' pa tribon martin, derivá for di ''zygón'', ku ta nifiká &quot;yùk&quot; i ta referí na e forma di kabes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://etyfish.org/sphyrnidae/|titel=Family SPHYRNIDAE Bonaparte 1840 (Hammerhead Sharks) {{!}} The ETYFish Project|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deskripshon ==
''S. zygaena'' resien nasí tin un largura di 49–63 cm. E largura di machu i tintonan madurá ta varia pa region kual ta mas o ménos 210–265 cm. E espesie por alkansá larguranan máksimo di 256 cm pa machu, i 370–400 cm pa tinto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Den áreanan tropiko, e espesie por wòrdu konfundí ku [[Sphyrna lewini]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Komportashon ==
E tribonnan yòn (te ku 1,5 m) ta okurí tin biaha den manchanan migratorio grandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Produkshon ==
''S. zygaena'' ta werp un tira di 20–50 kriatura viviporo despues di un gestashon di 10–11 luna. E espesie ta madurá rònt edat di 15 aña, i por alkansá un edat máksimo di 24–25 aña.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Distribushon i habitat ==
''S. zygaena'' ta distribuí mundialmente den awanan tropiko i templa. E espesie ta tolerá awanan mas friu kompara ku otro tribon martin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

Habitá riba plachi kontinental i insular, for di kosta pa riba laman na un profundidat di 0–200 m, posiblamente te ku 500 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

== Státus ==
Globalmente evaluá na 2018, [[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká ''S. zygaena'' komo vulnerabel.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;/&gt; Den su distribushon, ''S. zygaena'' ta blanku i kèch sekundario pa piskamentu komersial i artesano. Na 2014–2015, e ta e di kuater espesie mas abundante den komersio di ala di Hong Kong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt; 

E espesie ta pa gran parti no manehá pafó di osean nortwest [[Oséano Atlántiko|Atlántiko]], [[Australia]], i [[Nueva Zelandia]]. Protehá den áreanan mediteráneo kaminda e ta klasifiká komo kirtikamente menasá pa IUCN (evaluá na 2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39388/16527905|titel=Sphyrna zygaena (Mediterranean assessment).|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|auteur=Ferretti, F., Soldo, A., Casper, B., Domingo, A., Gaibor, N., Heupel, M.R., Kotas, J., Lamónaca, A., Smith, W.D., Stevens, J., Vooren, C.M. &amp; Pérez-Jiménez, J.|datum=2016|werk=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39388A16527905.}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ta inkorporá den [[CITES]] i CMS Appendix II,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.cms.int/species/sphyrna-zygaena|titel=Sphyrna zygaena|bezochtdatum=2026-10-17|werk=Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals}}&lt;/ref&gt; i prohibí pa piskamente pelágiko den Komishon Internashonal pa Konservashon di Tuna Atlántiko (ICCAT) i Komishon Inter-Merikano di Tuna Tropikal (IATTC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin|zygaena]]</text>
      <sha1>74ynmmoczr7v0dpw3yok5uspv2unlz5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sphyrnidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207201</id>
      <parentid>207195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:27:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remplasa kat</comment>
      <origin>207201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2616" sha1="7mrrbn36vcpbyp4s9ja6qhim990bj4p" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] i [[tribon di krus]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Taxobox|c
| multi_imagen={{Multiple image
| image1=Sphyrna tiburo head2.jpg
| caption1=''Sphyrna tiburo''
| image2=Sphyrna media head.jpg
| caption2=''Sphyrna media''
| image3=Sphyrna lewini head.jpg
| caption3=''[[Sphyrna lewini]]''
| footer=Ehemplar pa ku formanan di kabes di tribon martin
| perrow=2/1
| border=infobox
| total_width={{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| stam = [[Chordata]] 
| clase = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| subclase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| suborden = [[Tribon|Selachimorpha]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| taxon = [[Famia (biologia)|Famia]]
| c-nomber = Sphyrnidae
| autor = [[Carlo Luciano Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
| fecha = 1840
| subdivision = * ''Sphyrna''
* ''Eusphyra''
| rango = [[Género (biologia)|Género]]
}}
'''Sphyrnidae''' ta un [[famia (biologia)|famia]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na órden Carcharhiniformes. E famia ta konsistí di dos [[género (biologia)|género]] ku diestres [[espesie]] deskribí. Género ''Eusphyra'' ta kontené dos espesie, i diesun espesie deskribí den género ''Sphyrna''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.se/summary/familysummary.php?id=12|titel=FAMILY Details for Sphyrnidae - Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|werk=fishbase.se|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
Sphyrnidae ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, '''tribon martin''' òf '''tribon di krus'''.

== Deskripshon ==
Sphyrnidae ta identifiká evidentemente pa su forma di kabes di martin. Esakinan ta funshoná komo un roer similar na un di supmarinu pa maniobrá fasilmente den awa, i oumentá kapasidat sensorial dor di mehorá visibilidat sterioskópiko i abilidat di tribon martin pa lokalisá fuente di holó i señalnan elektromagnétiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká famia di tribon martin komo menasá, kual 56% ta krítikamente menasá. Piskamentu a disminuí populashonnan di tribon martin. E alanan ta partikularmente balioso den komersio internashonal. Tribon martin kapturá ku anzué òf entrelasá den nèt ta muri masha lihé, pues ta inusual pa liberá tribon martin komo kèch sekundario.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;{{Appendix}}
[[Kategoria:Tribon martin]]</text>
      <sha1>7mrrbn36vcpbyp4s9ja6qhim990bj4p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207203</id>
      <parentid>207201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:28:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207203</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2621" sha1="r6ctok98svwooetxq4g98azxm48gqed" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] i [[tribon di krus]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Taxobox|c
| multi_imagen={{Multiple image
| image1=Sphyrna tiburo head2.jpg
| caption1=''Sphyrna tiburo''
| image2=Sphyrna media head.jpg
| caption2=''Sphyrna media''
| image3=Sphyrna lewini head.jpg
| caption3=''[[Sphyrna lewini]]''
| footer=Ehemplar pa ku formanan di kabes di tribon martin
| perrow=2/1
| border=infobox
| total_width={{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| stam = [[Chordata]] 
| clase = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| subclase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| suborden = [[Tribon|Selachimorpha]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| taxon = [[Famia (biologia)|Famia]]
| c-nomber = Sphyrnidae
| autor = [[Carlo Luciano Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
| fecha = 1840
| subdivision = * ''Sphyrna''
* ''Eusphyra''
| rango = [[Género (biologia)|Género]]
}}
'''Sphyrnidae''' ta un [[famia (biologia)|famia]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na órden Carcharhiniformes. E famia ta konsistí di dos [[género (biologia)|género]] ku diestres [[espesie]] deskribí. Género ''Eusphyra'' ta kontené dos espesie, i diesun espesie deskribí den género ''Sphyrna''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.se/summary/familysummary.php?id=12|titel=FAMILY Details for Sphyrnidae - Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|werk=fishbase.se|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
Sphyrnidae ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, '''tribon martin''' òf '''tribon di krus'''.

== Deskripshon ==
Sphyrnidae ta identifiká evidentemente pa su forma di kabes di martin. Esakinan ta funshoná komo un roer similar na un di supmarinu pa maniobrá fasilmente den awa, i oumentá kapasidat sensorial dor di mehorá visibilidat sterioskópiko i abilidat di tribon martin pa lokalisá fuente di holó i señalnan elektromagnétiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká famia di tribon martin komo menasá, kual 56% ta krítikamente menasá. Piskamentu a disminuí populashonnan di tribon martin. E alanan ta partikularmente balioso den komersio internashonal. Tribon martin kapturá ku anzué òf entrelasá den nèt ta muri masha lihé, pues ta inusual pa liberá tribon martin komo kèch sekundario.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin| ]]</text>
      <sha1>r6ctok98svwooetxq4g98azxm48gqed</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207242</id>
      <parentid>207203</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T16:36:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+wikilink</comment>
      <origin>207242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2625" sha1="l5hyrj8eanlxafvwpbj6ha9g5apfz6m" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{wak articulo|dp=si|Wak [[Tribon martin]] i [[tribon di krus]] (página di referensia) pa otro nifikashon di tópiko.}}
{{Taxobox|c
| multi_imagen={{Multiple image
| image1=Sphyrna tiburo head2.jpg
| caption1=''[[Sphyrna tiburo]]''
| image2=Sphyrna media head.jpg
| caption2=''Sphyrna media''
| image3=Sphyrna lewini head.jpg
| caption3=''[[Sphyrna lewini]]''
| footer=Ehemplar pa ku formanan di kabes di tribon martin
| perrow=2/1
| border=infobox
| total_width={{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]
| stam = [[Chordata]] 
| clase = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| subclase = [[Tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]
| suborden = [[Tribon|Selachimorpha]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| taxon = [[Famia (biologia)|Famia]]
| c-nomber = Sphyrnidae
| autor = [[Carlo Luciano Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
| fecha = 1840
| subdivision = * ''Sphyrna''
* ''Eusphyra''
| rango = [[Género (biologia)|Género]]
}}
'''Sphyrnidae''' ta un [[famia (biologia)|famia]] di tribon ku ta pertenesé na órden Carcharhiniformes. E famia ta konsistí di dos [[género (biologia)|género]] ku diestres [[espesie]] deskribí. Género ''Eusphyra'' ta kontené dos espesie, i diesun espesie deskribí den género ''Sphyrna''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web|url=https://www.fishbase.se/summary/familysummary.php?id=12|titel=FAMILY Details for Sphyrnidae - Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks|bezochtdatum=2026-10-19|werk=fishbase.se|taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nòmber ==
Sphyrnidae ta konosí bou diferente nòmber komun; esta, '''tribon martin''' òf '''tribon di krus'''.

== Deskripshon ==
Sphyrnidae ta identifiká evidentemente pa su forma di kabes di martin. Esakinan ta funshoná komo un roer similar na un di supmarinu pa maniobrá fasilmente den awa, i oumentá kapasidat sensorial dor di mehorá visibilidat sterioskópiko i abilidat di tribon martin pa lokalisá fuente di holó i señalnan elektromagnétiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot;&gt;{{citeer boek|auteur=Ebert, D. A., Dando, M., &amp; Fowler, S.|jaar=2021|hoofdstuk=Sphyrnidae: hammerhead sharks|titel=Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide|pagina's=569-579|uitgever=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv1574pqp.13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Státus ==
[[Lista Kòrá di IUCN]] ta klasifiká famia di tribon martin komo menasá, kual 56% ta krítikamente menasá. Piskamentu a disminuí populashonnan di tribon martin. E alanan ta partikularmente balioso den komersio internashonal. Tribon martin kapturá ku anzué òf entrelasá den nèt ta muri masha lihé, pues ta inusual pa liberá tribon martin komo kèch sekundario.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert_2021&quot; /&gt;

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon martin| ]]</text>
      <sha1>l5hyrj8eanlxafvwpbj6ha9g5apfz6m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kategoria:Tribon martin</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207202</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:27:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{broodkruimel}}  [[Kategoria:tribon| ]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="ak3zwwj6jndtcbu02la7mrzlsoc8pbg" xml:space="preserve">{{broodkruimel}}

[[Kategoria:tribon| ]]</text>
      <sha1>ak3zwwj6jndtcbu02la7mrzlsoc8pbg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207204</id>
      <parentid>207202</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207204</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="f7h83yii1qxkbsqqatoz88bi1psdcze" xml:space="preserve">{{broodkruimel}}

[[Kategoria:tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>f7h83yii1qxkbsqqatoz88bi1psdcze</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tribon di cruz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15135</id>
    <redirect title="Sphyrna lewini" />
    <revision>
      <id>207210</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:35:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kallmemel moved page [[Tribon di cruz]] to [[Sphyrna lewini]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>207210</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="ngkc0639rmjac1f0qyar5wemcr479kd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Sphyrna lewini]]</text>
      <sha1>ngkc0639rmjac1f0qyar5wemcr479kd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tribon cabes di martiu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15136</id>
    <redirect title="Sphyrna mokarran" />
    <revision>
      <id>207214</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:37:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kallmemel moved page [[Tribon cabes di martiu]] to [[Sphyrna mokarran]] over redirect</comment>
      <origin>207214</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="fa9rnzpmcq8mumi91un3w9o7z0kigob" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Sphyrna mokarran]]</text>
      <sha1>fa9rnzpmcq8mumi91un3w9o7z0kigob</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kategoria:Megachasmidae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207223</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:47:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Broodkruimel}}  [[Kategoria:tribon]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207223</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="srmdax8ykl25wkvkp0nslazy7r4h3qx" xml:space="preserve">{{Broodkruimel}}

[[Kategoria:tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>srmdax8ykl25wkvkp0nslazy7r4h3qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kategoria:Scyliorhinidae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207225</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:50:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Broodkruimel}}  [[Kategoria:tribon]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207225</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="srmdax8ykl25wkvkp0nslazy7r4h3qx" xml:space="preserve">{{Broodkruimel}}

[[Kategoria:tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>srmdax8ykl25wkvkp0nslazy7r4h3qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kategoria:Squalidae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207228</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:52:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Broodkruimel}}  [[Kategoria:Tribon]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207228</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="ekytm0jlgsuto6kh56lqr8eayqn3t00" xml:space="preserve">{{Broodkruimel}}

[[Kategoria:Tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>ekytm0jlgsuto6kh56lqr8eayqn3t00</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kategoria:Carcharhinidae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>15140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207230</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T14:53:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{broodkruimel}}  [[Kategoria:tribon]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207230</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="f7h83yii1qxkbsqqatoz88bi1psdcze" xml:space="preserve">{{broodkruimel}}

[[Kategoria:tribon]]</text>
      <sha1>f7h83yii1qxkbsqqatoz88bi1psdcze</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sphyrna tiburo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15141</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207239</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T16:25:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{variante|c}} {{Taxobox|c | exhibi titulo = cursivo | status = EN | fuente status = 2019 | reino = [[Animal|Animalia]]  | troncon = [[Chordata]] | clase = [[tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]]  | orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]] | famia = [[Sphyrnidae]] | genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]'' | autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] | fecha = 1758 | parentesis = si | original = ''Squalus tiburo''  | sinonimo = * ''Sphyrna vespertina''  Springer, 1940 * ''Sphyrna tiburo tiburo''  (Linnaeus, 17...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207239</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1172" sha1="ofl3060440wvzqh90llp93vgu0oq6dh" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox|c
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]] 
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus tiburo'' 
| sinonimo = * ''Sphyrna vespertina''  Springer, 1940
* ''Sphyrna tiburo tiburo''  (Linnaeus, 1758)
}}
'''''Sphyrna tiburo''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-tiburo.html |titel= ''Sphyrna'' ''tiburo'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Bonnethead |bezochtdatum=2026-10-19 |werk=FishBase |taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. tiburo'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus tiburo'' dor di  Carl Linnaeus na 1785.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|auteur=Linnaeus, C.
|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:tribon martin|tiburo]]</text>
      <sha1>ofl3060440wvzqh90llp93vgu0oq6dh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207240</id>
      <parentid>207239</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T16:35:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207240</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1416" sha1="1o5z4yp10vssiq2i71m93j9dvpzohkx" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox|c
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| multi_imagen={{Multiple image
| image1 = Bonnethead shark Aquarium of the Pacific.jpg
| image2 = Sphyrna tiburo SI.jpg
| footer = ''S. tiburo'' den akuario
| footer_align = center
| perrow = 1
| total_width = {{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]] 
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus tiburo'' 
| sinonimo = * ''Sphyrna vespertina''  Springer, 1940
* ''Sphyrna tiburo tiburo''  (Linnaeus, 1758)
}}
'''''Sphyrna tiburo''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-tiburo.html |titel= ''Sphyrna'' ''tiburo'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Bonnethead |bezochtdatum=2026-10-19 |werk=FishBase |taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. tiburo'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus tiburo'' dor di  Carl Linnaeus na 1785.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|auteur=Linnaeus, C.
|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:tribon martin|tiburo]]</text>
      <sha1>1o5z4yp10vssiq2i71m93j9dvpzohkx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207241</id>
      <parentid>207240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T16:35:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>207241</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1435" sha1="pm5o5boghg5v6bvfrvly7q88j64bg8i" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox|c
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| multi_imagen={{Multiple image
| image1 = Bonnethead shark Aquarium of the Pacific.jpg
| image2 = Sphyrna tiburo SI.jpg
| footer = ''S. tiburo'' den akuario
| footer_align = center
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1
| total_width = {{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]] 
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus tiburo'' 
| sinonimo = * ''Sphyrna vespertina''  Springer, 1940
* ''Sphyrna tiburo tiburo''  (Linnaeus, 1758)
}}
'''''Sphyrna tiburo''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-tiburo.html |titel= ''Sphyrna'' ''tiburo'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Bonnethead |bezochtdatum=2026-10-19 |werk=FishBase |taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. tiburo'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus tiburo'' dor di  Carl Linnaeus na 1785.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|auteur=Linnaeus, C.
|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:tribon martin|tiburo]]</text>
      <sha1>pm5o5boghg5v6bvfrvly7q88j64bg8i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>207275</id>
      <parentid>207241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-20T10:08:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ref:+parameter</comment>
      <origin>207275</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1446" sha1="1spzm05myp5x4apkcwvuz64wsdemss6" xml:space="preserve">{{variante|c}}
{{Taxobox|c
| exhibi titulo = cursivo
| status = EN
| fuente status = 2019
| multi_imagen={{Multiple image
| image1 = Bonnethead shark Aquarium of the Pacific.jpg
| image2 = Sphyrna tiburo SI.jpg
| footer = ''S. tiburo'' den akuario
| footer_align = center
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1
| total_width = {{Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte}}
}}
| reino = [[Animal|Animalia]] 
| troncon = [[Chordata]]
| clase = [[tribon i chuchu|Elasmobranchii]] 
| orden = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| famia = [[Sphyrnidae]]
| genero = ''[[Sphyrna]]''
| autor = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| fecha = 1758
| parentesis = si
| original = ''Squalus tiburo'' 
| sinonimo = * ''Sphyrna vespertina''  Springer, 1940
* ''Sphyrna tiburo tiburo''  (Linnaeus, 1758)
}}
'''''Sphyrna tiburo''''' ta un [[espesie]] di tribon martin ([[Sphyrnidae]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citeer web |url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Sphyrna-tiburo.html |titel= ''Sphyrna'' ''tiburo'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Bonnethead |bezochtdatum=2026-10-19 |werk=FishBase |taal=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''S. tiburo'' a wòrdu deskribí originalmente komo ''Squalus tiburo'' dor di  Carl Linnaeus na 1785.&lt;ref&gt;{{citeer boek|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886|titel=Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis|jaar=1758|auteur=Linnaeus, C.
|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542|pagina=234}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Appendix}}

[[Kategoria:tribon martin|tiburo]]</text>
      <sha1>1spzm05myp5x4apkcwvuz64wsdemss6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tintorero</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15142</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207258</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:09:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tintorero''' por referí na:  == Taksonomia == [[Espesie]] di tribon:  * ''[[Galeocerdo cuvier]]'', [[famia (biologia)|famia]] tribon tiger (Galeocerdonidae) * ''[[Rhincodon typus]]'', famia tribon bayena (Rhincodontidae)  {{Dp}}  [[kategoria:homónimo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207258</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="257" sha1="q5i584cwao58s0jo6kisjsa6lg7vmdm" xml:space="preserve">'''Tintorero''' por referí na:

== Taksonomia ==
[[Espesie]] di tribon:

* ''[[Galeocerdo cuvier]]'', [[famia (biologia)|famia]] tribon tiger (Galeocerdonidae)
* ''[[Rhincodon typus]]'', famia tribon bayena (Rhincodontidae)

{{Dp}}

[[kategoria:homónimo]]</text>
      <sha1>q5i584cwao58s0jo6kisjsa6lg7vmdm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tribon bayena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207260</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:15:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tribon bayena''' por referí na:  == Taksonomia == * [[Rhincodontidae]], famia di tribon * ''[[Rhincodon typus]]'', espesie di tribon bayena  {{Dp}}  [[kategoria:homónimo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207260</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="176" sha1="0ts3mb8yi5vjfagnefgkh296n8nspcn" xml:space="preserve">'''Tribon bayena''' por referí na:

== Taksonomia ==
* [[Rhincodontidae]], famia di tribon
* ''[[Rhincodon typus]]'', espesie di tribon bayena

{{Dp}}

[[kategoria:homónimo]]</text>
      <sha1>0ts3mb8yi5vjfagnefgkh296n8nspcn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tribon tiger</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15144</id>
    <revision>
      <id>207263</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T18:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kallmemel</username>
        <id>14000</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Tribon tiger''' por referí na:  == Taksonomia == * [[Galeocerdo]], famia di tribon * ''[[Galeocerdo cuvier]]'', espesie di tribon tiger  {{Dp}}  [[kategoria:homónimo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>207263</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="172" sha1="pmr3yq26gzbxxrw4q29pgz7fs9tii8o" xml:space="preserve">'''Tribon tiger''' por referí na:

== Taksonomia ==
* [[Galeocerdo]], famia di tribon
* ''[[Galeocerdo cuvier]]'', espesie di tribon tiger

{{Dp}}

[[kategoria:homónimo]]</text>
      <sha1>pmr3yq26gzbxxrw4q29pgz7fs9tii8o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>