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2baba
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{{Databox}}
'''Innocent Ujah Idibia''' (dem [[bon]] am for 18 September 1975), wey pipul no wel wel as '''2baba''', <ref>https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/celebrity-biographies/469525-2babas-bio-wife-children-net-worth-house-cars/</ref>na [[Naija]] singa, song-raita an podusa an im sabi dash pipul moni an gift wel wel.<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7</ref>
2Baba don win award laik MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act in 2005. for 2019, na him, Cobhams Asuquo and Timi Dakolo gada wok on di song wey tok abaut children's rights. ''Billboard'' put 2baba song "African Queen" as No. 1 for dia list of best Afrobeats song wey sweet pas for 2025.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-afrobeats-songs</ref>
==How im tek stat life==
Dem bon am for Jos for inside [[Naija]]. Im na Idoma pesin. Idoma dey for di south side for Naija.
Bifor July 2014 na '''2face Idibia''' bi di nem wey im dey yuz for stej.
== Song ==
* ''Face 2 Face'' (2004)
* ''Grass 2 Grace'' (2006)
* ''The Unstoppable'' (2009)
* ''The Unstoppable International Edition'' (2010)
* ''Away and Beyond'' (2012)
* ''The Ascension''
* ''Rewind, Select, Update'' (2015)
* ''Warriors'' (2020)
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Katigori:Tori About Pipu Life]]
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1975]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Singas for Naija]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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{{Databox}}
'''Innocent Ujah Idibia''' (dem [[bon]] am for 18 September 1975), wey pipul no wel wel as '''2baba''', <ref>https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/celebrity-biographies/469525-2babas-bio-wife-children-net-worth-house-cars/</ref>na [[Naija]] singa, song-raita an podusa an im sabi dash pipul moni an gift wel wel.<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7</ref>
For 2005 2Baba win award laik MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act. for 2019, na him, Cobhams Asuquo and Timi Dakolo gada wok on di song wey tok abaut children's rights. ''Billboard'' put 2baba song "African Queen" as No. 1 for dia list of best Afrobeats song wey sweet pas for 2025.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-afrobeats-songs</ref>
==How im tek stat life==
Dem bon am for Jos for inside [[Naija]]. Im na Idoma pesin. Idoma dey for di south side for Naija.
Bifor July 2014 na '''2face Idibia''' bi di nem wey im dey yuz for stej.
== Song ==
* ''Face 2 Face'' (2004)
* ''Grass 2 Grace'' (2006)
* ''The Unstoppable'' (2009)
* ''The Unstoppable International Edition'' (2010)
* ''Away and Beyond'' (2012)
* ''The Ascension''
* ''Rewind, Select, Update'' (2015)
* ''Warriors'' (2020)
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Katigori:Tori About Pipu Life]]
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1975]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Singas for Naija]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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9ice
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{{Databox}}
'''Alexander Abolore Adegbola Akande''' (dem bon am for January 17, 1980) wey pipul sabi wel wel as '''9ice''' na [[Naija]] singa, dansa an pesin wey dey rait song. Pipul sabi am wel wel as e dey yuz Yoruba langwej tek sing wel an as e stil dey yuz provab tek sing wel.
==How im tek stat life==
9ice papa get five wife-dem an nine pikin-dem,
== Song ==
* ''Certificate'' (2007)
* ''Gongo Aso'' (2008)
* ''Tradition'' (2009)
* ''Bashorun Gaa'' (2011)
* ''Versus'' (2011)
* ''C.N.N'' (2014)
* ''G.R.A'' (2014)
* ''Id Cabasa'' (2017)
* ''Tip of the Iceberg: Episode 1'' (2020)
* ''Fear of God'' (2020)
* ''G.O.A.T'' (2021)
* ''Tip of the Iceberg II'' (2022)
* ''Afro Juju'' (2022)
* ''Election Time'' (2022)
* ''Tip of the Iceberg III'' (2023)
* ''Lord of Ajasa'' (2023)
* ''Observatory'' (2024)
* ''Beginning of Wisdom'' (2025)
== Award dem ==
* Nigeria Entertainment Awards Most Indigenous Act 2007
* MOBO Best African Act 2008
* MTV Africa Music Awards Best Hip Hop Artist 2008
* Dynamix Awards Artist of the Year 2008
* Hip Hop Awards Best Vocal Performance 2008
* Hip Awards Revelation of the Year 2008
* Hip Hop Awards Song of the Year 2009
* Hip Hop Awards Best R&B/Pop 2009
* Hip Hop Awards Album of the Year 2009
* The Headies Award for Hip Hop Awards Artist of the Year 2009.
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Katigori:Tori About Pipu Life]]
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1980]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Singas for Naija]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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{{Databox}}
'''Alexander Abolore Adegbola Akande''' (dem bon am for January 17, 1980) wey pipul sabi wel wel as '''9ice''' na [[Naija]] singa, dansa an pesin wey dey rait song. Pipul sabi am wel wel as e dey yuz Yoruba langwej tek sing wel an as e stil dey yuz provab tek sing wel.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/03/marriage-no-marriage-children-9ice/</ref><ref>https://buzznigeria.com/9ice/</ref>
==How im tek stat life==
9ice papa get five wife-dem an nine pikin-dem,
== Song ==
* ''Certificate'' (2007)
* ''Gongo Aso'' (2008)
* ''Tradition'' (2009)
* ''Bashorun Gaa'' (2011)
* ''Versus'' (2011)
* ''C.N.N'' (2014)
* ''G.R.A'' (2014)
* ''Id Cabasa'' (2017)
* ''Tip of the Iceberg: Episode 1'' (2020)
* ''Fear of God'' (2020)
* ''G.O.A.T'' (2021)
* ''Tip of the Iceberg II'' (2022)
* ''Afro Juju'' (2022)
* ''Election Time'' (2022)
* ''Tip of the Iceberg III'' (2023)
* ''Lord of Ajasa'' (2023)
* ''Observatory'' (2024)
* ''Beginning of Wisdom'' (2025)
== Award dem ==
* Nigeria Entertainment Awards Most Indigenous Act 2007
* MOBO Best African Act 2008
* MTV Africa Music Awards Best Hip Hop Artist 2008
* Dynamix Awards Artist of the Year 2008
* Hip Hop Awards Best Vocal Performance 2008
* Hip Awards Revelation of the Year 2008
* Hip Hop Awards Song of the Year 2009
* Hip Hop Awards Best R&B/Pop 2009
* Hip Hop Awards Album of the Year 2009
* The Headies Award for Hip Hop Awards Artist of the Year 2009.
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Katigori:Tori About Pipu Life]]
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1980]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Singas for Naija]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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Aminu Bello Masari
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[[File:Aminu B Masari.jpg|thumb|Aminu B Masari]]
[[File:Aminu Bello Masari.ogg|thumb|right|Aminu Bello Masari]]
'''Aminu Bello Masari''' (dem bon am for May 29, 1950) na [[Naija]] politishan an na e bi di gofnor of [[Katsina State|Kastina Stet]]. <ref>https://guardian.ng/news/katsina-decries-call-for-gov-masaris-resignation/</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/masari-commends-nysc-for-promoting-youth-development-and-empowerment/</ref>Na Aminu Bello Masari bi komisiona for wok, haus an traspot for 1991 to rish 1993. Na Masari bi di bifor bifor Spika of Naijá haus of Rep for 2003 an 2007. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/bandit-tales-by-aminu-bello-masari/</ref>Masari kom fom Masari vilej of Kafur Lokal Govment, Katsina Stet.
==How e tek du politis==
Masari kolet tiket wan bi govno of [[Katsina State|Katsina Stet]] for di 2011 eleshion onda ''Congress for Progressive Change'' (CPC) parti bot e no win di eleshon an na PDP kandidet wey bi Ibrahim Shehu Shema win am.
For December 2014, na Masari bi di kandidet wey ''All Progressives Congress'' chuz as dia Govno kandidet for di March 2015 eleshon.
Na im kon win for di April 11, 2015 for di Katsina Stet gofnor eleshon, im win Musa Nashina an Dr Dikko Umar Radda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150515192951/https://leadership.ng/news/425250/masari-wins-katsina-guber-poll</ref>
Aminu Massari enta ofis as gofnor of Katsina Stet on 29 May 2015.
Wen Masari enta ofis im kari di bifor gofnor Barista Shetima go EFCC bikos Masari tok sey Shetima don pak all di moni for Katsina Stet. ''Economic and Financial Crime Commission'' (EfCC) kon kari Shetima go kot. Gofnor Masari komot all lokal govment chairman wey kom fom anoda parti.
Aminu Bello Masari enta for sekond taim as gofnor of Katsina Stet for March 9, 2019 onda ''All Progressives Congress'' (APC) Masari get 1,178,864 vote for di Kastina Stet Govno Eleshon.
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1950]]
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{{Databox}}
'''Aminu Bello Masari''' (dem bon am for May 29, 1950) na [[Naija]] politishan an na e bi di gofnor of [[Katsina State|Kastina Stet]]. <ref>https://guardian.ng/news/katsina-decries-call-for-gov-masaris-resignation/</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/masari-commends-nysc-for-promoting-youth-development-and-empowerment/</ref>Na Aminu Bello Masari bi komisiona for wok, haus an traspot for 1991 to rish 1993. Na Masari bi di bifor bifor Spika of Naijá haus of Rep for 2003 an 2007. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/bandit-tales-by-aminu-bello-masari/</ref>Masari kom fom Masari vilej of Kafur Lokal Govment, Katsina Stet.
==How e tek du politis==
Masari kolet tiket wan bi govno of [[Katsina State|Katsina Stet]] for di 2011 eleshion onda ''Congress for Progressive Change'' (CPC) parti bot e no win di eleshon an na PDP kandidet wey bi Ibrahim Shehu Shema win am.
For December 2014, na Masari bi di kandidet wey ''All Progressives Congress'' chuz as dia Govno kandidet for di March 2015 eleshon.
Na im kon win for di April 11, 2015 for di Katsina Stet gofnor eleshon, im win Musa Nashina an Dr Dikko Umar Radda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150515192951/https://leadership.ng/news/425250/masari-wins-katsina-guber-poll</ref>
Aminu Massari enta ofis as gofnor of Katsina Stet on 29 May 2015.[[File:Aminu Bello Masari.ogg|thumb|right|Aminu Bello Masari]]Wen Masari enta ofis im kari di bifor gofnor Barista Shetima go EFCC bikos Masari tok sey Shetima don pak all di moni for Katsina Stet. ''Economic and Financial Crime Commission'' (EfCC) kon kari Shetima go kot. Gofnor Masari komot all lokal govment chairman wey kom fom anoda parti.
Aminu Bello Masari enta for sekond taim as gofnor of Katsina Stet for March 9, 2019 onda ''All Progressives Congress'' (APC) Masari get 1,178,864 vote for di Kastina Stet Govno Eleshon.
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1950]]
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{{Databox}}
'''Aminu Bello Masari''' (dem bon am for May 29, 1950) na [[Naija]] politishan an na e bi di gofnor of [[Katsina State|Kastina Stet]]. <ref>https://guardian.ng/news/katsina-decries-call-for-gov-masaris-resignation/</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/masari-commends-nysc-for-promoting-youth-development-and-empowerment/</ref>Na Aminu Bello Masari bi komisiona for wok, haus an traspot for 1991 to rish 1993. Na Masari bi di bifor bifor Spika of Naijá haus of Rep for 2003 an 2007. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/bandit-tales-by-aminu-bello-masari/</ref>Masari kom fom Masari vilej of Kafur Lokal Govment, Katsina Stet.
==How e tek du politis==
Masari kolet tiket wan bi govno of [[Katsina State|Katsina Stet]] for di 2011 eleshion onda ''Congress for Progressive Change'' (CPC) parti bot e no win di eleshon an na PDP kandidet wey bi Ibrahim Shehu Shema win am.
For December 2014, na Masari bi di kandidet wey ''All Progressives Congress'' chuz as dia Govno kandidet for di March 2015 eleshon.
Na im kon win for di April 11, 2015 for di Katsina Stet gofnor eleshon, im win Musa Nashina an Dr Dikko Umar Radda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150515192951/https://leadership.ng/news/425250/masari-wins-katsina-guber-poll</ref>
Aminu Massari enta ofis as gofnor of Katsina Stet on 29 May 2015.[[File:Aminu Bello Masari.ogg|thumb|right|Aminu Bello Masari]]Wen Masari enta ofis im kari di bifor gofnor Barista Shetima go EFCC bikos Masari tok sey Shetima don pak all di moni for Katsina Stet. ''Economic and Financial Crime Commission'' (EfCC) kon kari Shetima go kot. Gofnor Masari komot all lokal govment chairman wey kom fom anoda parti.
Aminu Bello Masari enta for sekond taim as gofnor of Katsina Stet for March 9, 2019 onda ''All Progressives Congress'' (APC) Masari get 1,178,864 vote for di Kastina Stet Govno Eleshon.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/282509-lg-transition-committees-katsina-pdp-drags-masari-to-supreme-court.html</ref>
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
[[Katigori:Pipul wey dem bon for 1950]]
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Emem Isong
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'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of Akwa Ibom Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''University of Calabar''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in New York City''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''Champagne'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
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'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''University of Calabar''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in New York City''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''Champagne'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
ln7w4ozm35fc4z7pc2bd6wyd27dm5h9
36641
36640
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1537
36641
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''University of Calabar''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211340/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/people/emem_isong</ref>
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in New York City''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''Champagne'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
91ns64dlt2jsucnfpyljexg7yrgpe4s
36642
36641
2026-09-03T13:52:10Z
Jessephu
1537
36642
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''University of Calabar''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211340/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/people/emem_isong</ref><ref>https://www.uca.ac.uk/blogs/leading-nollywood-filmmaker-picks-uca-for-phd/</ref>
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in New York City''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''Champagne'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
h5my7shjj7bdlrlf7fqygtomue1cms8
36643
36642
2026-09-03T13:52:31Z
Jessephu
1537
36643
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''[[University of Calabar]]''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211340/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/people/emem_isong</ref><ref>https://www.uca.ac.uk/blogs/leading-nollywood-filmmaker-picks-uca-for-phd/</ref>
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in New York City''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''Champagne'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
awx1bhimjlwjp61xxs85qsxm1pmm1wp
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1537
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''[[University of Calabar]]''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211340/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/people/emem_isong</ref><ref>https://www.uca.ac.uk/blogs/leading-nollywood-filmmaker-picks-uca-for-phd/</ref>
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in [[:en:New_York_City|New York City]]''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''Champagne'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
7ddwaka4pqz2vglzpjuvh1aksna5w4a
36645
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1537
36645
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "Code of Silence" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''[[University of Calabar]]''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211340/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/people/emem_isong</ref><ref>https://www.uca.ac.uk/blogs/leading-nollywood-filmmaker-picks-uca-for-phd/</ref>
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in [[:en:New_York_City|New York City]]''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''[[:en:Champagne|Champagne]]'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=_2cmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA82</ref><ref>http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/emem-isong-makes-case-for-rape-victims-in-code-of-silence/</ref>
Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.<ref>http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/emem-isong-makes-case-for-rape-victims-in-code-of-silence/</ref>
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
rne96b4pmq69fafx52gjid3m2jvmizl
36646
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Emem Isong''' na [[Naijá]] aktres wey bi fim raita, fim produsa an fim dareto. Pipul no am wel wel for Inglish langwej fim.Di sekond fim wey Emem daret na "[[:en:Code_of_Silence_(2015_film)|Code of Silence]]" an di fim tok abaut mek dem dey yuz by pawa dey slip wit wuman (Rape). Dey rilis di fim for 2015.
==How e tey stat life an di skul wey e go==
'''Emem''' na di nomba 4 pikin of di 5 pikin wey im papa an mama bon.Na September 5 dem bon Emem an e papa kom fom Ikono Lokal Govament Aria of [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]] Stet in Naijá.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180810064730/http://blog.irokotv.com/irokotv-nollywood-icon-birthday-eme/</ref> Emem rid ''Theater Art'' an kolet ''Bachelor'' digri fom ''[[University of Calabar]]''. Isong get diploma Satifiket in ''Computer Science'' fom di ''Computer Science Institute (NCR).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211340/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/people/emem_isong</ref><ref>https://www.uca.ac.uk/blogs/leading-nollywood-filmmaker-picks-uca-for-phd/</ref>
==Tori of e karia==
'''Emem Isong''' Karia in fim mekin stat in 1994 wen e rait an dey amog di produsa of di fim ''Jezebel''. Di fest fim wey Emem produs by imsef na ''Breaking Point'' (1996). Emem yuz 8 years wok wit Remmy Jez to produs Remmy Jez fims.For 2008, e stop to dey wok wit Remmy Jez. Afta dat, Emem join produs ''Feloaded''(2008).Emem don rait an produs meni fims laik:
* Reloaded
* Breaking Point
* She Devil
* A Minute To Midnight
* Play Boy
* Private Sin
* Master Stroke
* Rumours
* Shattered Illusion,
* Promise Me Forever
* Emotional Crack (2003)
Dat last fim na im dey sho for ''African Fim Festival in [[:en:New_York_City|New York City]]''. Pipul wey no Yoruba langwej fim no sey Emem na koret produsa.Di fim wey Emem dey mek dey mek niu aktress popula bikos e mek aktress like Stephanie Okereke, Dakore Egbuson an odas popula wel wel. In 2014, Emem daret e fest long fim ''[[:en:Champagne|Champagne]]'' wey dem sho for ''Silverbird Galleria in Victoria Island'', Lagos. In August 2015, Emem rilis e sekond long fim wey e daret ''Code of Silence'' an e wok wit di ''Royal Arts Academy'' an ''Nollywood Workshop'' an intanashional Organisashion wey Govament no dey chuk mouth put (NGO) wey dey try wan chenj di sosaeti wit fim wey dem dey du.Di fim tok abaut to dey pawa slip with wumen wey Oyinbo dey kol ''Rape'' for Naijá.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=_2cmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA82</ref><ref>http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/emem-isong-makes-case-for-rape-victims-in-code-of-silence/</ref>
Di pipul wey akt insaid di fim na Makida Moka, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo, an Omoni Oboli an odas.Emem Isong’s brain an sens for fim mek dem chuz am as Spika for expertise in di muvie industri don allow ha bi chosen as a spika in di ''Afrinolly masterclass seris'' an also as a jorgi maga for di ''MTN Afrinolly short flim completion'' in 2013.Evri fim wey Emem Isong du, e dey wan mek pipul enjoi am wel wel.<ref>http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/emem-isong-makes-case-for-rape-victims-in-code-of-silence/</ref>
==Wai pipul no fit forget am==
Emem Isong nem de di nem of produsa wey dey mek fim wey rili mek sens wey ''New Nollywood Movement'' du.E fim na standard wey Naijá kontrie fit sho for eniwie in di wold bikos of di levu of prodosion wey e dey put for e fim-dem.
'''Emem Isong ''' dash moni to fom ''The Royal Art Academy'' in 2010 an na im bi di CEO of di Akademi. Emem stat di Akademi wit Uduak Oguamanam, Anietie Isong, and actress Monalisa Chinda. Di Akademi dey for Surulere, Legos Stet, Naijá. Di Akademi tok sey e go mek suo sey e hep di student to mek an produs fim wey go get sens and beta wey pipul fit luk wel wel in Naijá or Oyinbo kontris.
==Pasonal life==
Emem hosband na Misodi Akama an dey get twins wey Emem bon in 2016. Emem don bon one boi bifor e mari Misodi Akama.
===Fim wey e rait or folo rait===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!nem of di fim
|-
| 2020
|''[[Special Jollof]]''
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Ayamma]]''
|-
| 2015
| ''Don't Cry For Me''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Apaye]]''
|-
| ''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|-
| 2013
| ''Forgetting June''
|-
| 2012
| ''Silver Lining''
|-
| 2011
| ''I'll Take My Chances''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
| ''Kiss and Tell''
|-
| ''Bursting Out''
|-
| ''Holding Hope''
|-
| ''Memories of War''
|-
| 2009
| ''Edikan''
|-
| 2008
| [[Reloaded (2009 film)|''Reloaded'']]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2007
| ''A Time To Love''
|-
| ''Unfinished Business''
|-
| ''Yahoo Millionaire''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2006
| ''Games Men Play''
|-
| ''Traumatised''
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2005
| ''Behind Closed Doors''
|-
| ''Darkest Night''
|-
| ''Endless Lies''
|-
| ''Games Women Play''
|-
| ''Girls in the Hood''
|-
| ''I Feel U''
|-
| ''Men Do Cry''
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
| ''Critical Decision''
|-
| ''For Real''
|-
| ''Masterstroke''
|-
| ''Promise Me Forever''
|-
| 2003
| ''Private Sin''
|-
| 1996
| ''Breaking Point''
|-
| 1994
| ''Jezebel''
|}
===Fim wey e daret or folo daret===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Di nem of di fim
|-
| 2014
| [[Champagne (2014 film)|''Champagne'']]
|-
| 2015
| [[Code of Silence (2015 film)|''Code of Silence'']]
|}
==Awods==
* Emem win Best produsa for di fim ''Memories of my Heart'' at''ZAFAA Awards''
* Emem win Outstanding awod from ''Wow Divas'' for di wey e tek hep pipul no abaut wetin pipul wey get sikness dey faze wit e fim ''Silver Lining (2011)
* Emem win speshal rekonisashion awod by ''Best of Nollywood''
* Indostrie Merit Awod fom Ntanla Awods
* Emem win ''Africa Movie Awards'' for di Katigori of ''Best Scriptwriter'' for di fim ''Reloaded'' (2008)
* Emem win ''Best Producer of the year'' an ''Best Screenplay'' for di fim ''Reloaded (2008) wey ''City People Award'' du.
* Emem win ''Nigeria's Integrity Film Awards (HomeVida) in di Katigori ''Family/Child Friendly Category '' for di fim ''Knocking on the Heaven Door (2014).
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
ofax5xpodfr0nxh4lf47kaaax41n0wo
Ken Erics
0
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{{databox}}
'''Ekenedilichukwu Ugochukwu Eric Nwenweh''' (dem bon am for February 28, 1985) wey pipul sabi as '''Ken Erics''' na [[Naijá]] Aktor, raita, podusa, an somtimes singa.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/what-happened-to-my-marriage-ken-erics-speaks-at-last</ref> E dey popula afta e akt for di fim ''The Illiterate'' wit Tonto Dikeh an Yul Edochie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160331141727/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/19723/16/tontoh-dike-ken-erics-edochie-stars-the-illiterate.html</ref>
==Hau e stat life==
Dey bon Ken Erics on February 28, 1985 for Kano Stet.E bi di six pikin inside di seven Pikin-dem wey e papa an mama bon.E papa na Eric Chukwuemeka Nwenweh an e mama na Grace Ifeyinwa Nwenweh an bot of dem na kom fom Enugwu-Ukwu for Anambra Stet, Southeast [[Naijá]]. Erin na Igbo. Erics du e primari edukashion for ''Binta Mustapha Science Nursery and Primary School'', Kano, an e secondiri edukashion for ''Dennis Memorial Grammar School'' (DMGS) Onitsha, Anambra Stet. Na from smol pikin Eric don like akt.Erics sho passion for aktin an na dis one mek am go rid ''Theatre Arts'' for ''Nnamdi Azikiwe University'' Awka, Anambra Stet. E stil get mastw digri for ''Theatre and Film Studies''.
==How e tek wok==
For 2001, as a fest year student for Univasiti, Erics get im fest muvee rol for one fim wey Chris Ubani daret wey di nem na ''Holy Prostitute''. Na smol rol e akt for di fim an na medikal doktor e akt wit jost three scenes. As e finish Univasiti, e stat to go orditions an get smol smol rol for home muvee. Na for 2012 wey e akt "Ugo" for di muvee ''The Illiterate'' na e mek am blow wey dareto an podusa kom dey you am wel wel dey akt.
As raita, Erics fest buk wey e rait wey di nem na ''Cell'' an dem don dey yuz am for som Skul in Naijá for stage podukshon an akademi tins.
Erics sabi plai kiboard an guitar an bi get musical band, im stil don du orijinal muvee soundtracks for som fim-dem.
Ken Erics don akt wit big muvee stars like; Ngozi Ezeonu, Yul Edochie, Desmond Elliot, Chiwetalu Agu, Regina Daniels an meni .
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
ryivm915hmoru7as7wymgxw2vksa69a
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Jessephu
1537
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'''Ekenedilichukwu Ugochukwu Eric Nwenweh''' (dem bon am for February 28, 1985) wey pipul sabi as '''Ken Erics''' na [[Naijá]] Aktor, raita, podusa, an somtimes singa.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/what-happened-to-my-marriage-ken-erics-speaks-at-last</ref> E dey popula afta e akt for di fim ''The Illiterate'' wit Tonto Dikeh an Yul Edochie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160331141727/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/19723/16/tontoh-dike-ken-erics-edochie-stars-the-illiterate.html</ref>
==Hau e stat life==
Dey bon Ken Erics on February 28, 1985 for Kano Stet.E bi di six pikin inside di seven Pikin-dem wey e papa an mama bon.E papa na Eric Chukwuemeka Nwenweh an e mama na Grace Ifeyinwa Nwenweh an bot of dem na kom fom Enugwu-Ukwu for Anambra Stet, Southeast [[Naijá]]. Erin na Igbo. Erics du e primari edukashion for ''Binta Mustapha Science Nursery and Primary School'', Kano, an e secondiri edukashion for ''Dennis Memorial Grammar School'' (DMGS) Onitsha, Anambra Stet. Na from smol pikin Eric don like akt.Erics sho passion for aktin an na dis one mek am go rid ''Theatre Arts'' for ''Nnamdi Azikiwe University'' Awka, Anambra Stet. E stil get mastw digri for ''Theatre and Film Studies''.
==How e tek wok==
For 2001, as a fest year student for Univasiti, Erics get im fest muvee rol for one fim wey Chris Ubani daret wey di nem na ''Holy Prostitute''. Na smol rol e akt for di fim an na medikal doktor e akt wit jost three scenes. As e finish Univasiti, e stat to go orditions an get smol smol rol for home muvee. Na for 2012 wey e akt "Ugo" for di muvee ''The Illiterate'' na e mek am blow wey dareto an podusa kom dey you am wel wel dey akt.
As raita, Erics fest buk wey e rait wey di nem na ''Cell'' an dem don dey yuz am for som Skul in Naijá for stage podukshon an akademi tins.
Erics sabi plai kiboard an guitar an bi get musical band, im stil don du orijinal muvee soundtracks for som fim-dem.
Ken Erics don akt wit big muvee stars like; Ngozi Ezeonu, Yul Edochie, Desmond Elliot, Chiwetalu Agu, Regina Daniels an meni .
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
8cf5fwo4qrda9u398354s03o0ielhmy
36660
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Jessephu
1537
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Ekenedilichukwu Ugochukwu Eric Nwenweh''' (dem bon am for February 28, 1985) wey pipul sabi as '''Ken Erics''' na [[Naijá]] Aktor, raita, podusa, an somtimes singa.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/what-happened-to-my-marriage-ken-erics-speaks-at-last</ref> E dey popula afta e akt for di fim ''The Illiterate'' wit Tonto Dikeh an Yul Edochie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160331141727/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/19723/16/tontoh-dike-ken-erics-edochie-stars-the-illiterate.html</ref>
==Hau e stat life==
Dey bon Ken Erics on February 28, 1985 for Kano Stet.E bi di six pikin inside di seven Pikin-dem wey e papa an mama bon.E papa na Eric Chukwuemeka Nwenweh an e mama na Grace Ifeyinwa Nwenweh an bot of dem na kom fom Enugwu-Ukwu for Anambra Stet, Southeast [[Naijá]].
Erin na Igbo. Erics du e primari edukashion for ''Binta Mustapha Science Nursery and Primary School'', Kano, an e secondiri edukashion for ''Dennis Memorial Grammar School'' (DMGS) Onitsha, Anambra Stet. Na from smol pikin Eric don like akt.Erics sho passion for aktin an na dis one mek am go rid ''Theatre Arts'' for ''Nnamdi Azikiwe University'' Awka, Anambra Stet. E stil get mastw digri for ''Theatre and Film Studies''.
==How e tek wok==
For 2001, as a fest year student for Univasiti, Erics get im fest muvee rol for one fim wey Chris Ubani daret wey di nem na ''Holy Prostitute''. Na smol rol e akt for di fim an na medikal doktor e akt wit jost three scenes. As e finish Univasiti, e stat to go orditions an get smol smol rol for home muvee. Na for 2012 wey e akt "Ugo" for di muvee ''The Illiterate'' na e mek am blow wey dareto an podusa kom dey you am wel wel dey akt.
As raita, Erics fest buk wey e rait wey di nem na ''Cell'' an dem don dey yuz am for som Skul in Naijá for stage podukshon an akademi tins.
Erics sabi plai kiboard an guitar an bi get musical band, im stil don du orijinal muvee soundtracks for som fim-dem.
Ken Erics don akt wit big muvee stars like; Ngozi Ezeonu, Yul Edochie, Desmond Elliot, Chiwetalu Agu, Regina Daniels an meni .
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
hjmp64wdl6mbmt97mg6twh5m2h87gqs
36661
36660
2026-09-03T14:24:54Z
Jessephu
1537
36661
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Ekenedilichukwu Ugochukwu Eric Nwenweh''' (dem bon am for February 28, 1985) wey pipul sabi as '''Ken Erics''' na [[Naijá]] Aktor, raita, podusa, an somtimes singa.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/what-happened-to-my-marriage-ken-erics-speaks-at-last</ref> E dey popula afta e akt for di fim ''The Illiterate'' wit Tonto Dikeh an Yul Edochie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160331141727/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/19723/16/tontoh-dike-ken-erics-edochie-stars-the-illiterate.html</ref>
==Hau e stat life==
Dey bon Ken Erics on February 28, 1985 for Kano Stet.E bi di six pikin inside di seven Pikin-dem wey e papa an mama bon.E papa na Eric Chukwuemeka Nwenweh an e mama na Grace Ifeyinwa Nwenweh an bot of dem na kom fom Enugwu-Ukwu for Anambra Stet, Southeast [[Naijá]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160314143834/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/my-childhood-interesting-entertaining-ken-erics/</ref>
Erin na Igbo. Erics du e primari edukashion for ''Binta Mustapha Science Nursery and Primary School'', Kano, an e secondiri edukashion for ''Dennis Memorial Grammar School'' (DMGS) Onitsha, Anambra Stet. Na from smol pikin Eric don like akt.Erics sho passion for aktin an na dis one mek am go rid ''Theatre Arts'' for ''Nnamdi Azikiwe University'' Awka, Anambra Stet. E stil get mastw digri for ''Theatre and Film Studies''.
==How e tek wok==
For 2001, as a fest year student for Univasiti, Erics get im fest muvee rol for one fim wey Chris Ubani daret wey di nem na ''Holy Prostitute''. Na smol rol e akt for di fim an na medikal doktor e akt wit jost three scenes. As e finish Univasiti, e stat to go orditions an get smol smol rol for home muvee. Na for 2012 wey e akt "Ugo" for di muvee ''The Illiterate'' na e mek am blow wey dareto an podusa kom dey you am wel wel dey akt.
As raita, Erics fest buk wey e rait wey di nem na ''Cell'' an dem don dey yuz am for som Skul in Naijá for stage podukshon an akademi tins.
Erics sabi plai kiboard an guitar an bi get musical band, im stil don du orijinal muvee soundtracks for som fim-dem.
Ken Erics don akt wit big muvee stars like; Ngozi Ezeonu, Yul Edochie, Desmond Elliot, Chiwetalu Agu, Regina Daniels an meni .
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
nd65b8vwrzp8dh6oj4iah2zra86yzym
36662
36661
2026-09-03T14:26:13Z
Jessephu
1537
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{databox}}
'''Ekenedilichukwu Ugochukwu Eric Nwenweh''' (dem bon am for February 28, 1985) wey pipul sabi as '''Ken Erics''' na [[Naijá]] Aktor, raita, podusa, an somtimes singa.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/what-happened-to-my-marriage-ken-erics-speaks-at-last</ref> E dey popula afta e akt for di fim ''The Illiterate'' wit Tonto Dikeh an Yul Edochie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160331141727/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/19723/16/tontoh-dike-ken-erics-edochie-stars-the-illiterate.html</ref>
==Hau e stat life==
Dey bon Ken Erics on February 28, 1985 for Kano Stet.E bi di six pikin inside di seven Pikin-dem wey e papa an mama bon.E papa na Eric Chukwuemeka Nwenweh an e mama na Grace Ifeyinwa Nwenweh an bot of dem na kom fom Enugwu-Ukwu for Anambra Stet, Southeast [[Naijá]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160314143834/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/my-childhood-interesting-entertaining-ken-erics/</ref>
Erin na Igbo. Erics du e primari edukashion for ''Binta Mustapha Science Nursery and Primary School'', Kano, an e secondiri edukashion for ''Dennis Memorial Grammar School'' (DMGS) Onitsha, Anambra Stet. Na from smol pikin Eric don like akt.Erics sho passion for aktin an na dis one mek am go rid ''Theatre Arts'' for ''Nnamdi Azikiwe University'' Awka, Anambra Stet. E stil get mastw digri for ''Theatre and Film Studies''.<ref>https://amymuses.wordpress.com/2015/02/21/cell-2/</ref>
==How e tek wok==
For 2001, as a fest year student for Univasiti, Erics get im fest muvee rol for one fim wey Chris Ubani daret wey di nem na ''Holy Prostitute''. Na smol rol e akt for di fim an na medikal doktor e akt wit jost three scenes. As e finish Univasiti, e stat to go orditions an get smol smol rol for home muvee. Na for 2012 wey e akt "Ugo" for di muvee ''The Illiterate'' na e mek am blow wey dareto an podusa kom dey you am wel wel dey akt.
As raita, Erics fest buk wey e rait wey di nem na ''Cell'' an dem don dey yuz am for som Skul in Naijá for stage podukshon an akademi tins.
Erics sabi plai kiboard an guitar an bi get musical band, im stil don du orijinal muvee soundtracks for som fim-dem.
Ken Erics don akt wit big muvee stars like; Ngozi Ezeonu, Yul Edochie, Desmond Elliot, Chiwetalu Agu, Regina Daniels an meni .
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Tori abaut pipul life]]
[[Katigori:Naija pipul]]
kkmo6jsgz5x2pbi3d3qvgjz809rcwfp
Kingsley Ogoro
0
574
36636
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2026-09-03T13:36:32Z
Jessephu
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'''Kingsley Ogoro''' na fim dairekto wey pipu sabi wella for Naija, pesin wey dey write skrin, pesin we dey do fim and miuzik, and bifobifo dansa, dem sabi am wella for di fim ''Osuofia in London'' of 2003 wey shi and Nkem Owoh do.
I don wok for di Noliwud fim industri sins 2003 menly as pesin wey dey do fim and dey dairet am.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/1556/my-parents-forced-me-to-schoolkingsley-ogoro.html</ref><ref>https://www.newstalk.com/shows/younified-1735225/</ref>
==Produsa==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Across the Niger'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Veno'' (2004)
*''Dangerous Babe'' (2003)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
==Dairekto==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Veno'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
*''The Return'' (2003)
==Raita==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
== Wie dem gada di toriWie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
f4awaq943zpve7e5hmxqknxuol68xi9
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{{Databox}}
'''Kingsley Ogoro''' na fim dairekto wey pipu sabi wella for Naija, pesin wey dey write skrin, pesin we dey do fim and miuzik, and bifobifo dansa, dem sabi am wella for di fim ''Osuofia in London'' of 2003 wey shi and Nkem Owoh do.
I don wok for di Noliwud fim industri sins 2003 menly as pesin wey dey do fim and dey dairet am.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/1556/my-parents-forced-me-to-schoolkingsley-ogoro.html</ref><ref>https://www.newstalk.com/shows/younified-1735225/</ref>
==Produsa==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Across the Niger'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Veno'' (2004)
*''Dangerous Babe'' (2003)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
==Dairekto==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Veno'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
*''The Return'' (2003)
==Raita==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
== Wie dem gada di toriWie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
2bjhljtmislyk5xv4eirl2iqyj5xm9r
36638
36637
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text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Kingsley Ogoro''' na fim dairekto wey pipu sabi wella for Naija, pesin wey dey write skrin, pesin we dey do fim and miuzik, and bifobifo dansa, dem sabi am wella for di fim ''Osuofia in London'' of 2003 wey shi and Nkem Owoh do.
I don wok for di Noliwud fim industri sins 2003 menly as pesin wey dey do fim and dey dairet am.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/1556/my-parents-forced-me-to-schoolkingsley-ogoro.html</ref><ref>https://www.newstalk.com/shows/younified-1735225/</ref>
==Produsa==
*[[imdbtitle:0978749|''The Widow'' (2005)]]
*''Across the Niger'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Veno'' (2004)
*''Dangerous Babe'' (2003)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
==Dairekto==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Veno'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
*''The Return'' (2003)
==Raita==
*''The Widow'' (2005)
*''Osuofia in London 2'' (2004)
*''Osuofia in London'' (2003)
== Wie dem gada di toriWie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
q2fdblrr5gytzt4crobyhzzwmz86q6q
Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis
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MediaWiki message delivery
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/* Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting */ new section
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== Africa ==
Hi, how do you write "Africa" in pidgin. I have seen used "Africas", "Africa" and "Afrika" on this Wikipedia. [[Yuza:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Caro de Segeda|tok]]) 10:41, 30 August 2022 (WAT)
:Afrika and Africa is fine. Both spelling variant is Ok. Thanks. [[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis|tok]]) 11:15, 30 August 2022 (WAT)
== Request ==
May I ask you whether you could help me translate this?
* Wikipedia:Vital Articles
* Biography
* Philosophy and psychology
* Religion
* Language and literature
* Science
* Technology
* History and geography
Thank you --[[Yuza:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Caro de Segeda|tok]]) 14:19, 18 September 2022 (WAT)
== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''{{int:please-translate}}''
Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments.
If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help.
Best wishes,
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]]
::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 11:47, 10 June 2023 (WAT)
</div>
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]]
{{int:please-translate}}
Dear Wikimedian,
We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor.
As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023.
Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity.
Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia.
With warm regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''.
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 19:37, 25 July 2023 (WAT)
</div>
<!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023p&oldid=25345565 -->
== Request writing about Isabelle de Charrière (123386) ==
Hello Jonywikis, Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charrière (1`23386) for the PCM Wikipedia? I'll be appreciated if it's done. [[Yuza:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Boss-well63|tok]]) 17:59, 6 August 2023 (WAT)
== Abeg delete ==
How far Jonywikis, abeg delete this [[Isaiah Ogedegbe]], na notin but utterly promo nonsense. I get plans to start to contribute to Naija Wikipedia sha, I bin just dey patrol here small small naim I see that nonsense piece. Kudos, [[Yuza:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Vanderwaalforces|tok]]) 23:28, 8 January 2024 (WAT)
:Thank you. I don komot am. [[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis|tok]]) 23:03, 11 January 2024 (WAT)
== Organising Feminism and Folklore ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | 350px | right]]
Hello Community Organizers,
Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia.
To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners:
*First Prize: $15 USD
*Second Prize: $10 USD
*Best Jury Article: $5 USD
All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page
The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles.
We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 50 organizers and Jury members for who request for it. Remember, only 50 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 50 registrations, and the deadline is March 15, 2024. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnytyact-HR6DvsWwnrVeWuzMfuNH1dSjpF24m6od-f3LzZQ/viewform here].
Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $30 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest.
We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for office hours on '''Saturday, March 2, 2024'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2024_Office_Hour_2 meta page].
Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia!
Best regards,
Rockpeterson
[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 06:56, 29 February 2024 (WAT)
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== Next Steps and Feedback Request for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
Dear Organizer,
I hope this message finds you well.
First and foremost, I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.
As the campaign draws to a close, I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|sign-up page]].
Once the jury process is completed, kindly update the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2024'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on our Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.
Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights.
Therefore, I kindly ask you to spare just 10 minutes to share your progress and achievements with us through a Google Form survey. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.
Here's the link to the survey: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfCkFONXlPVlakMmdh-BWtZp0orYBCSVvViJPbsjf2TIXAWvw/viewform?usp=sf_link Survey Google Form Link]
Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.
Warm regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore International Team #WeTogether'''
[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 09:26, 7 April 2024 (WAT)
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== How e be ==
I know say you dey enjoy your day :) I bin wan ask so that I no go violate any existing protocols for here, I bin dey plan to customise some useful templates wey dey other Wikipedias wey we fit still use for here. I wan bring them come here because I notice say many useful templates dey miss. I know wikitext well well so you fit trust me to not make unrepairable misteks-dem. I fit go ahead? [[Yuza:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Vanderwaalforces|tok]]) 06:05, 8 June 2024 (WAT)
== Congratulations to the Feminism and Folklore Prize Winner! ==
Dear Winner,
We are thrilled to announce that you have been selected as one of the prize winners in the 2024 '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore]]''' Writing Contest! Your contributions have significantly enriched Wikipedia with articles that document the vibrant tapestry of folk cultures and highlight the crucial roles of women within these traditions.
As a token of our appreciation, you will receive a gift coupon. To facilitate the delivery of your prize and gather valuable feedback on your experience, please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc9Rkv1803Q6DnAc1SLxyYy95KN22GNrGXeA7kNFT-u62MGyg/viewform?usp=sf_link the Winners Google Form]. In the form, kindly provide your details for receiving the gift coupon and share your thoughts about the project.
Your dedication and hard work have not only helped bridge the gender gap on Wikipedia but also ensured that the cultural narratives of underrepresented communities are preserved for future generations. We look forward to your continued participation and contributions in the future.
Congratulations once again, and thank you for being a vital part of this global initiative!
Warm regards,
'''The Feminism and Folklore Team'''
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== Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]]
{{int:please-translate}}
Dear Wikimedian,
We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor.
As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024.
Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity.
Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia.
With warm regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''.
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 13:28, 21 July 2024 (WAT)
</div>.
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== Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback ==
Dear Organizer,
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]]
We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success.
To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes).
Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives.
Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey].
By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement.
The survey covers:
#Community engagement and participation
#Challenges and successes
#Partnership
Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore].
Best regards,<br>
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Notice of expiration of your sysop right ==
Hi, as part of [[:m:Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Adminisreto-dem) will expire on 2024-11-10 09:48:00. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Yuza:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Leaderbot|tok]]) 17:46, 6 November 2024 (WAT)
== [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! ==
Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers,
We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st.
For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit
Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline
We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org'''
Kind regards, <br>
On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br>
[[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Request ==
Can you please review the speedy deletion request on '''[[Tracy Chapele]]''' and either delete the page or remove the deletion template? Thanks, [[Yuza:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:TenWhile6|tok]]) 23:38, 18 November 2024 (WAT)
:@[[Yuza:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] I've removed the template.
:Thanks. [[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis|tok]]) 00:03, 19 November 2024 (WAT)
== [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia ==
Dear Recipient,<br>
We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships.
===Workshop Objectives===
* <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement.
* <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships.
* <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community.
* <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy.
===Workshop Details===
📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br>
⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br>
📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting
===How to Join:===
Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br>
Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br>
Passcode: 834088
We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts.
Thank you,
Wiki Loves Folklore International Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country ==
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]
Dear Team,
My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign.
Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons.
As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet.
* Please find the project page for this year’s edition at:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025
* To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize
If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know.
In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia.
We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested.
* You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025
* The page to sign up is:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page
For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know.
We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons.
Sincerely,
The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 ==
== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div>
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign.
We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture.
=== Why Host the Competition? ===
* Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture.
* Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics.
* Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues.
=== Exciting Prizes Await! ===
We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes:
**International Recognition:**
* 1st Prize: $300 USD
* 2nd Prize: $200 USD
* 3rd Prize: $100 USD
* Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each
**Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):**
Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements!
All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency.
=== Ready to Get Involved? ===
Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025]
Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page]
=== Collaboration is Key! ===
Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region.
=== Let's Collaborate! ===
For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further.
Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content!
Thank you,
**Wiki Loves Folklore International Team**
</div>
</div>
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Dear {{PAGENAME}},<br>
Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.
Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long!
== Event Details ==
* '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025)
* '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone])
* '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link]
* '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]]
* '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266
* '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025
== Participation ==
Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!''
'''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there!
Best regards,<br>
'''Joris Quarshie'''<br>
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]
<div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;">
Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
</div>
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
</div>
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== Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu.
=== Objectives ===
* '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives.
* '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens.
* '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices.
* '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities.
=== Details ===
* '''Date:''' 30th April 2025
* '''Day:''' Wednesday
* '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone])
* '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom)
* '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director)
=== How to Join ===
* '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here]
* '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825
* '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025
* '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] ''''
=== Agenda ===
# Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call.
# Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives.
# Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries.
# Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups.
# Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps.
# Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions.
We look forward to seeing you there!
Best regards,<br>
Stella<br>
Feminism and Folklore Organiser
-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC)
</div>
</div>
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== Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;>
Hello {{PAGENAME}}
[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]]
I hope this message finds you well.
This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible.
Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results]
We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}}
Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us.
Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign.
Warm regards,<br>
Stella<br>
On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br>
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC)
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== You're invited: Feminism and Folklore Advocacy Session – June 20! ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;>
Hello {{PAGENAME}}
[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]]
We are pleased to invite you to an inspiring session in the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign Advocacy Series titled:
🎙️ Documenting Indigenous Women’s Wisdom: The Role of Grandmothers and Elders<br>
🗓 Friday, June 20, 2025<br>
⏰ 4:00 PM UTC<br>
🌍 Online – [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/86470824823?pwd=s7ruwuxrradtJNcZLVT9EyClb8g7ho.1 Zoom link]<br>
👤 Facilitator: Obiageli Ezeilo (Wiki for Senior Citizens Network)<br>
Join us as we explore how the oral teachings of grandmothers and elders preserve cultural heritage and influence today’s feminist movements. Learn how to document these narratives using Wikimedia platforms!
🔗 Event Page & Details:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Documenting_Indigenous_Women%E2%80%99s_Wisdom:_The_Role_of_Grandmothers_and_Elders
This session includes:<br>
✔️ A keynote presentation<br>
✔️ Story-sharing interactive segment<br>
✔️ Q&A + tools for documenting women’s wisdom on Wikimedia<br>
We hope to see you there!
Warm regards,<br>
Stella<br>
On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br>
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 - Local prize winners ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''{{int:please-translate}}''
Dear Wikimedian,
Congratulations on your outstanding achievement in winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2025''' writing competition! We truly appreciate your dedication and the valuable contribution you’ve made in documenting local folk culture and highlighting women’s representation on your local Wikipedia.
To claim your prize, please complete the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdONlpmv1iTrvXnXbHPlfFzUcuF71obJKtPGkycgjGObQ4ShA/viewform?usp=dialog prize form] by July 5th, 2025. Kindly note that after this date, the form will be closed and submissions will no longer be accepted.
Please also note that all prizes will be awarded in the form of [https://www.tremendous.com/ Tremendous Vouchers] only.
If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to contact us via your talk page or email. We're happy to help.
Warm regards,
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|FNF 2025 International Team]]
::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
</div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 11:20, 21 June 2025 (WAT)
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== Notice of expiration of your sysop right ==
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== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div>
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven.
We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year:
#Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]])
#Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign.
#Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]'''
The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before.
'''Special Prize for 2026:'''
Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign.
We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon.
If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested.
If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email.
Looking forward to collaborating again,
'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 19:18, 12 December 2025 (WAT)
</div></div>
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026
Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}},
We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.
The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.
;About the Campaign
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women.
;What Can Participants Write About?
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:
* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances
* Women and queer figures in folklore
* Women in mythology and oral traditions
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices
Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.
;How to Sign Up as an Organizer
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:
# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]]
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline
#* Local and international prizes
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''
;Campaign Tools
The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:
* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.
Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''
;Learn More & Get Support
*For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.
* Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]])
If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.
;Join Us
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.
Thank you and best wishes,
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''
----
''Stay connected:''
[[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
</div></div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 17:31, 18 January 2026 (WAT)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury ==
Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,
Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!
To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.
=== Internet & Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.
'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''
Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.
=== Important Participation Guidelines ===
* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.
=== Community Engagement ===
* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊
Thank you for your collaboration!
''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''
Feminism and Folklore International Team.
–[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 06:17, 16 February 2026 (WAT)
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== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
Dear Organizer,
I hope this message finds you well.
First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.
As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].
Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.
Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance.
Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.
Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.
Warm regards,
[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team
<nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki>
</div></div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 12:57, 11 April 2026 (WAT)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Greetings,
The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.
This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.
The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.
In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 21:07, 28 April 2026 (WAT) </div>
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== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser,
This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.
Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.
Best regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 03:09, 3 June 2026 (WAT)
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== Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''.
Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages.
Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign.
=== Appreciation Form ===
As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''.
'''Form link''' -
[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here]
; Deadline
: 22 June 2026
Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process.
=== Thank you ===
We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world.
Congratulations once again on your achievement.
—''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
</div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 18:25, 7 June 2026 (WAT)
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.
As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.
'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.
'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!
Regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 13:05, 18 June 2026 (WAT)
</div>
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== Abeg, smol smol for dilitin of pipu wok for Naija wikipedia ==
Abeg, i dey hala yu as i don get plenti pipu wey don rish me say yu dey dilit dia wok. I sabi say dia wok no folo di way to rait Naija, but abeg mai oga na smol smol dem go sabi am.
i don tel dem say mek dem rait am wel...... no be evribodi sabi rait Naija, na smol smol dem go sabi am. i dey hep rimuv som misteik wey dem dey put . tank yu. [[Yuza:Jessephu|Jessephu]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jessephu|tok]]) 14:21, 23 June 2026 (WAT)
Abeg, go tich dem hau to sabi rait am wel fest, no bi to dey rait Wikipedia artiku dem dey len.[[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis|tok]]) 19:23, 23 June 2026 (WAT)
== Unfair Deletion ==
Hello Jonywikis, I noticed you deleted all the articles i worked on for the Naija wikipedia, every single one of them.
You raised issues and reasons why i needed to work on my articles, I studied your article creation and biowikician's article, so i don't fault whilst working on the project and it still got deleted.
I have the screeenshot of a work i did just to show your actions are unfair.
[[Yuza:thesaleswiz|thesaleswiz]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:thesaleswiz|tok]]) 18:25, 12 July 2026 (WAT)
== Helo ==
Helo @[[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] abeg no vex. I jos wan beg mek yu restor my skin.js, skin0.js, and common.js
And Template:Nos (i cret dis template so dat users fit dey put am for Atikul dem wey no get sos). I go like make you reason am abeg. I also wan ask for ur pamishion so dat i fit cret di RecentChanges tool box wey go hep navigation. [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 08:59, 6 August 2026 (WAT)
:and skin1.js [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 09:02, 6 August 2026 (WAT)
== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.<br>
'''What the tool does'''<br>
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.
'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''
* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.
Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.
Best regards,
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:17, 11 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Discussion ==
Discussion dey go on for [[WP:Admin domot]], and we go laik mek yu put mouth. [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 15:05, 20 August 2026 (WAT)
== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Today, Saturday, August 29th, 2026, 01:00–02:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.
If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_2:_Saturday_29_August_2026,_01:00_UTC
See you soon!
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 14:30, 28 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the third [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Saturday, September 5th, 2026, 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
Video call link: https://meet.google.com/eov-gbgn-rew
This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.
If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_3:_Saturday_5_September_2026,_05:00_UTC
See you soon!
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 00:44, 4 September 2026 (WAT)
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psmcqx1umm55w791uckvw70h7aye4sv
Yuza tok abaut am:Biowikician
3
1682
36676
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2026-09-03T23:44:13Z
MediaWiki message delivery
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/* Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting */ new section
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== contribution ==
I am a direct descendant of the custodian of oro festival a festival which is forbidden to women and wants to contribute as a woman on this festival
[[Yuza:Lasogba Aro|Lasogba Aro]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Lasogba Aro|tok]]) 13:31, 2 February 2023 (WAT)
== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''{{int:please-translate}}''
Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments.
If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help.
Best wishes,
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]]
::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 11:47, 10 June 2023 (WAT)
</div>
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]]
{{int:please-translate}}
Dear Wikimedian,
We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor.
As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023.
Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity.
Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia.
With warm regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''.
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 19:37, 25 July 2023 (WAT)
</div>
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== [[Sama Raro]] ==
Hello
Having deleted the promotional content [[Sama Raro]] hope your life is better now? Nigerian pidgin language Wikipedia will never be able to make waves. Firstly, British Empire is not a promotional material but you deleted it, secondly [[Isaiah Ogedegbe]] and others are promotional materials yet you leave them. When talking about Creoles or pidgins such as this, mention is always made on what they are based on, even if not explicitly but implicitly. For instance, other language Wikipedia, the article about Nigerian pidgin is always classified as English creole or English based creole which means that forever people will know the parent language of such a pidgin or creole. Activities on this Wikipedia is always monitored and articles about Isaiah Ogedegbe has repeatedly been deleted on English language Wikipedia, German language Wikipedia, simple English Wikipedia and others but is here. So the international standard organization will be too glad that they assigned iso 639-1 language code to Haitian creole (ht), iso 639-2 language code to other patois and creole such as Jamaican patois (Jam), Sierra Leone creole (sil), but iso 639-3 language code to Nigerian pidgin language (pcm). I wonder what Nigerian pidgin orthography is without proper English. Look at some commands and menu in this Wikipedia, you will still see proper English language in everything concerning this Wikipedia. Did you see Yusa kontribushons? View Yusa groups? Even the mistake of writing the contents of the Babel userbox as it concerns Nigerian pidgin language user is written in proper English. What is the history of this language without mention of English language? By the way, Benin language, Scottish, and some others are standalone languages but they fail to make it into Iso 639-1. Scottish even has its own orthography but it nothing written in Scottish Wikipedia can ever come top on search engines. Scottish is not the same language family with English, the two languages have different histories. Yet Scottish is never promoted. Naijá language will never see the light of the day. The British will see to that. With more resources more than you or anybody else interested in this stupid and useless Naijá language Wikipedia and useless orthography. Mark my words ([[Yuza:Haussawa|Haussawa]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Haussawa|tok]]) 09:15, 5 January 2024 (WAT))
:every language changes to a standard form over time, except in situations where the language is dying. Consider these old English orthography and sentences:
:In Wycliff'e Bible of the 1380s, the verse Matthew 8:20 was written: Foxis han dennes, and briddis of heuene han nestis.
:Decipher this:
:Englischmen þeyz hy hadde fram þe bygynnyng þre manner speche, Souþeron, Northeron, and Myddel speche in þe myddel of þe lond, ... Noþeles by comyxstion and mellyng, furst wiþ Danes, and afterward wiþ Normans, in menye þe contray longage ys asperyed, and som vseþ strange wlaffyng, chyteryng, harryng, and garryng grisbytting.
:So maybe Naijá language will end up dead sooner or later as you want it to remain mundane.
:See this
: ([[Yuza:Naijaspeak|Naijaspeak]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Naijaspeak|tok]]) 19:31, 5 January 2024 (WAT))
== Organising Feminism and Folklore ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | 350px | right]]
Hello Community Organizers,
Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia.
To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners:
*First Prize: $15 USD
*Second Prize: $10 USD
*Best Jury Article: $5 USD
All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page
The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles.
We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 50 organizers and Jury members for who request for it. Remember, only 50 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 50 registrations, and the deadline is March 15, 2024. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnytyact-HR6DvsWwnrVeWuzMfuNH1dSjpF24m6od-f3LzZQ/viewform here].
Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $30 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest.
We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for office hours on '''Saturday, March 2, 2024'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2024_Office_Hour_2 meta page].
Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia!
Best regards,
Rockpeterson
[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 06:56, 29 February 2024 (WAT)
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== Congratulations to the Feminism and Folklore Prize Winner! ==
Dear Winner,
We are thrilled to announce that you have been selected as one of the prize winners in the 2024 '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore]]''' Writing Contest! Your contributions have significantly enriched Wikipedia with articles that document the vibrant tapestry of folk cultures and highlight the crucial roles of women within these traditions.
As a token of our appreciation, you will receive a gift coupon. To facilitate the delivery of your prize and gather valuable feedback on your experience, please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc9Rkv1803Q6DnAc1SLxyYy95KN22GNrGXeA7kNFT-u62MGyg/viewform?usp=sf_link the Winners Google Form]. In the form, kindly provide your details for receiving the gift coupon and share your thoughts about the project.
Your dedication and hard work have not only helped bridge the gender gap on Wikipedia but also ensured that the cultural narratives of underrepresented communities are preserved for future generations. We look forward to your continued participation and contributions in the future.
Congratulations once again, and thank you for being a vital part of this global initiative!
Warm regards,
'''The Feminism and Folklore Team'''
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== Request ==
Hello! Can you please take a look at the deletion request on the page '''[[Tracy Chapele]]''' and decide if you want to delete it or remove the speedy deletion template? Best regards, [[Yuza:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:TenWhile6|tok]]) 23:24, 25 October 2024 (WAT)
== Notice of expiration of your sysop right ==
<div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Adminisreto-dem) will expire on 2025-04-05 15:33:40. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Yuza:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Leaderbot|tok]]) 20:43, 29 March 2025 (WAT)</div>
== Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;>
Hello {{PAGENAME}}
[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]]
I hope this message finds you well.
This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible.
Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results]
We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}}
Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us.
Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign.
Warm regards,<br>
Stella<br>
On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br>
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC)
</div>
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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 - Local prize winners ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''{{int:please-translate}}''
Dear Wikimedian,
Congratulations on your outstanding achievement in winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2025''' writing competition! We truly appreciate your dedication and the valuable contribution you’ve made in documenting local folk culture and highlighting women’s representation on your local Wikipedia.
To claim your prize, please complete the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdONlpmv1iTrvXnXbHPlfFzUcuF71obJKtPGkycgjGObQ4ShA/viewform?usp=dialog prize form] by July 5th, 2025. Kindly note that after this date, the form will be closed and submissions will no longer be accepted.
Please also note that all prizes will be awarded in the form of [https://www.tremendous.com/ Tremendous Vouchers] only.
If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to contact us via your talk page or email. We're happy to help.
Warm regards,
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|FNF 2025 International Team]]
::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
</div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 11:20, 21 June 2025 (WAT)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury ==
Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,
Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!
To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.
=== Internet & Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.
'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''
Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.
=== Important Participation Guidelines ===
* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.
=== Community Engagement ===
* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊
Thank you for your collaboration!
''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''
Feminism and Folklore International Team.
–[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 06:17, 16 February 2026 (WAT)
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== Notice of expiration of your sysop right ==
<div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Administrators) will expire on 2026-04-16 07:12:47. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Yuza:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Leaderbot|tok]]) 20:42, 9 April 2026 (WAT)</div>
== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
Dear Organizer,
I hope this message finds you well.
First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.
As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].
Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.
Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance.
Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.
Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.
Warm regards,
[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team
<nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki>
</div></div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 12:57, 11 April 2026 (WAT)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Greetings,
The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.
This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.
The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.
In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 21:07, 28 April 2026 (WAT) </div>
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== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser,
This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.
Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.
Best regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 03:09, 3 June 2026 (WAT)
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== Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''.
Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages.
Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign.
=== Appreciation Form ===
As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''.
'''Form link''' -
[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here]
; Deadline
: 22 June 2026
Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process.
=== Thank you ===
We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world.
Congratulations once again on your achievement.
—''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
</div>
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 18:25, 7 June 2026 (WAT)
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.
As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.
'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.
'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!
Regards,
'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''
--[[Yuza:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:MediaWiki message delivery|tok]]) 13:05, 18 June 2026 (WAT)
</div>
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== Deletion of [[Eresoyen]] ==
How far? I see se u delit dis artikul, I come tell y se e no mek sense be cos no be so tins for encyclopaedia dey work. Weda or not dat article no get coret orthography, as yu delet am e be lyk u dey tel me se mek I no contribute fo hia agen. E tek me atlis 3 awas b4 I fit put dat tin together.
Even fo English Wikipedia, artikul-dem dey we no get gud grammar but we no dey delete dem lyk dis. E no mek sense. Sha, wel done. [[Yuza:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Vanderwaalforces|tok]]) 03:30, 30 June 2026 (WAT)
== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.<br>
'''What the tool does'''<br>
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.
'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''
* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.
Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.
Best regards,
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:17, 11 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Page move request ==
Hello I'd like you to move [[User:Wmbata/sandbox]] to [[MediaWiki:Recentchangestext]]. As per [[Wikipedia:Komuniti_domot#Recent changes tools]]. [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 12:48, 13 August 2026 (WAT)
== Discussion ==
Discussion dey go on for [[WP:Admin domot]], and we go laik mek yu put mouth. [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 15:03, 20 August 2026 (WAT)
== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Today, Saturday, August 29th, 2026, 01:00–02:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.
If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_2:_Saturday_29_August_2026,_01:00_UTC
See you soon!
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 14:30, 28 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the third [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Saturday, September 5th, 2026, 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
Video call link: https://meet.google.com/eov-gbgn-rew
This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.
If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_3:_Saturday_5_September_2026,_05:00_UTC
See you soon!
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 00:44, 4 September 2026 (WAT)
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Good Friday
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'''Good Friday''' na di rilijos holide wey kristen evriwie dey do to fit rimemba di sofa an di way Jesus tek kpai. Na dorin di holi week dem dey do am as pat of Paschal Triduum, ( three day pratis dat stat on Thursday an finish on night bifor Easta). Plenti pipul sabi ''Good Friday'' as '''Holy Friday''', '''Black Friday''', or '''Great an Holy Friday'''. Dem dey yuz di Friday to rimemba di krusifishon of Jesus Christ, how e tek kpai and how e tek rise fom di dead. Di holiday dey always hapun for di same time as di Jewish holide of Passova.
Memba of meni kristen chorch like Katolik, ''Methodist'', ''Anglican'', ''Oriental Orthodox'', ''United Protesant'', Easta ''Orthodox'', ''Lutheran'', an ''Presbyterian'' dey do Good Friday wit fastin an chorch program join.
For katolik, Anglican, Methodist, an Lutheran chorch, dem dey stat Good Friday 12PM onti 3PM bikos na dat time Bible tok sey dakness kova di land wen Jesus give e life an kpai on di kross.
Pipul wey dey chop Holi kommunion wey dey Moravian Chorch dey go klin wey dey beri dead bodi in Moravian semetri.
Di ril date for Good Friday dey chenj from one year to anoda in Gregorian an Julian kalenda. Kristen wey de Easta an kristen wey de Westa too no agri ova di date wey Easta an Good Friday go bi.
Good Friday na holide wey govamet put hand mek pipul dey do in meni kontri of di wold an 12 U.S. stet too.
Some kontri like Germany wey kristen plenti no dey gri mek pipul dey sing or dans dorin Good Friday bikos dem tink sey Good Friday na for pipul to tink of dia life .
Di estimated year of Good Friday na AD 33, by two difren groups, and at fest as AD 34 by Isaac Newton bikos of di difrens bitwin di Biblikal and Julian kalendars.
For Good Friday, 7 April 2023, a [[Naija]] relijos figor Isaiah Ogedegbe bin kol on Christians all ova di world to imitate Christ "by loving demselves genuineli".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opinionnigeria.com/good-friday-christ-loved-us-and-died-for-us-but-today-many-christians-dont-love-themselves/|title=Good Friday: Christ Loved Us And Died For Us But Today Many Christians Don't Love Themselves|last=Ogedegbe|first=Isaiah|date=7 April 2023|accessdate=8 April 2023|publisher=Opinion Nigeria|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408011356/https://www.opinionnigeria.com/good-friday-christ-loved-us-and-died-for-us-but-today-many-christians-dont-love-themselves/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://usaview.us/?p=4769|title=Christ Loved Us And Died For Us But Today Many Christians Don't Love Themselves|date=7 April 2023|accessdate=16 April 2023|publisher=USA VIEW|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414214233/https://usaview.us/?p=4769|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
[[Isaiah Ogedegbe]] na di young prisha wey dey for [[Warri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thisday.com.ng/2023/04/good-friday-christ-loved-us-and-died-for-us-but-today-many-christians-dont-love-themselves/|title=Good Friday: Christ Loved Us And Died For Us But Today Many Christians Don't Love Themselves|date=7 April 2023|accessdate=11 December 2023|publisher=THISDAY|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407211052/https://thisday.com.ng/2023/04/good-friday-christ-loved-us-and-died-for-us-but-today-many-christians-dont-love-themselves/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
==Wie dem gada di tori==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
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Carlos Álvarez
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Carlos Álvarez Rivera (dem [[bon]] am on 6 August 2003) na Spanish Ogbonge futbola wey dey pley for Sevilla Atlético.
==Im klub wok==
Dem [[bon]] am in Sanlúcar la Mayor, Seville, Andalusia, Carlos Álvarez Rivera na fom Sevilla FC youth e finish. On 21 December 2022, e skore for im fest match wit sinior teem, na insaid Copa del Rey match wen dem win Juventud Torremolinos 3 - 0. E fest pley for La Liga on 8 January 2023, wen e enta for Òliver Torres insaid 2 - 1 home win wit Gatefe CF.
==Kontri Wok==
Álvarez na Spain youth playa, e don pley for Spain U16s, Spain U17s an Spain U19s.
==Wia dem gada di tori==
1. [https://www.goal.com/es/noticias/quien-es-carlos-alvarez-el-prometedor-delantero-del-sevilla/blta6525166dab78c26 Carlos Alvarez el prometedor-dela teri de Sevilla] (In Spanish). Goal.com. 2022-12-22
[[Category:pipu dem bon for 2003]]
[[Category:pipu wey dey alaif]]
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Carlos Álvarez Rivera (dem [[bon]] am on 6 August 2003) na Spanish Ogbonge futbola wey dey pley for Sevilla Atlético.
==Im klub wok==
Dem [[bon]] am in Sanlúcar la Mayor, Seville, Andalusia, Carlos Álvarez Rivera na fom Sevilla FC youth e finish. On 21 December 2022, e skore for im fest match wit sinior teem, na insaid Copa del Rey match wen dem win Juventud Torremolinos 3 - 0. E fest pley for La Liga on 8 January 2023, wen e enta for Òliver Torres insaid 2 - 1 home win wit Gatefe CF.<ref>https://www.espn.com.mx/futbol/espana/nota/_/id/17200404/america-carlos-alvarez-directivo-levante-asegura-fichaje</ref>
==Kontri Wok==
Álvarez na Spain youth playa, e don pley for Spain U16s, Spain U17s an Spain U19s.<ref>https://www.eldesmarque.com/futbol/20190824/el-sevilla-atletico-se-topa-con-el-muro-del-yeclano-en-el-debut_161168637.html</ref>
==Wia dem gada di tori==
1. [https://www.goal.com/es/noticias/quien-es-carlos-alvarez-el-prometedor-delantero-del-sevilla/blta6525166dab78c26 Carlos Alvarez el prometedor-dela teri de Sevilla] (In Spanish). Goal.com. 2022-12-22
[[Category:pipu dem bon for 2003]]
[[Category:pipu wey dey alaif]]
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Madalla
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'''Madalla''' na dey town in [[Naija|Nigeria]] near the capital [[Abuja]]. It is in between Suleja and Abuja and mostly referred to as Abuja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220627170359/https://www.visitnigerianow.com/tours/zuma-rock/</ref>
Madalla get som aria dem wey hills an mountains dey to di tan. na laik 80,000 pipu dey live for dia.
== Atak dem ==
for September 2011 two pipu kpai faiv igbo men.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120106160505/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/features/29102-igbo-five-peace-returns-to-madallah</ref>
anoda won an for December 2011 Christmas Day wey dem bombe St. Theresa Catholic Church by Boko Haram<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16328940</ref>.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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'''Madalla''' na dey town in [[Naija|Nigeria]] near the capital [[Abuja]]. It is in between Suleja and Abuja and mostly referred to as Abuja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220627170359/https://www.visitnigerianow.com/tours/zuma-rock/</ref>
Madalla get som aria dem wey hills an mountains dey to di tan. na laik 80,000 pipu dey live for dia.
== Atak dem ==
for September 2011 two pipu kpai faiv igbo men.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120106160505/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/features/29102-igbo-five-peace-returns-to-madallah</ref>
anoda won wey hapun na for December 2011 Christmas Day wey dem bombe St. Theresa Catholic Church by Boko Haram<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16328940</ref>.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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Sinkin of di Taitanik
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RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [[Sauthampton]] to [[Niu Yok Citi]]. As di lajes [[ocean laina]] wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod [[Icebeg wey straik di Taitanik|wen an Icebeg straik am]] for araund 23:40 ([[ship's taim]])[Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [[Eastan Taim Zoun]], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind [[Greenwich Mean Taim]]. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di [[Celestial navigashon|sta saihts]] of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai [[dead rekonin]]. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.]] on Sunday, 14 April 1912. Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [[Greenwich Mean Taim|GMT]]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di [[List of maritaim disastas for di 20th centuri#Peacetaim|dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori]].
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha [[stabod]] side and opun six of ha sixteen [[Kompatment (ship)|kompatments]] to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres [[flare]]s and radio ([[waiales telegrafi|waiales]]) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta [[Laifboat (shipbod)|laifboats]].
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of [[kold chok]] and [[Kold incapacitashon|incapacitashon]]. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di [[SOLAS Konvenshon|Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea]] (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Nouts ==
{{notes}}
== Referens ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [[Sauthampton]] to [[Niu Yok Citi]]. As di lajes [[ocean laina]] wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod [[Icebeg wey straik di Taitanik|wen an Icebeg straik am]] for araund 23:40 ([[ship's taim]])[Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [[Eastan Taim Zoun]], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind [[Greenwich Mean Taim]]. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di [[Celestial navigashon|sta saihts]] of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai [[dead rekonin]]. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.]] on Sunday, 14 April 1912. Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [[Greenwich Mean Taim|GMT]]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di [[List of maritaim disastas for di 20th centuri#Peacetaim|dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori]].
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha [[stabod]] side and opun six of ha sixteen [[Kompatment (ship)|kompatments]] to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres [[flare]]s and radio ([[waiales telegrafi|waiales]]) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta [[Laifboat (shipbod)|laifboats]].
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of [[kold chok]] and [[Kold incapacitashon|incapacitashon]]. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di [[SOLAS Konvenshon|Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea]] (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Nouts ==
{{notes}}
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [[Sauthampton]] to [[Niu Yok Citi]]. As di lajes [[ocean laina]] wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod [[Icebeg wey straik di Taitanik|wen an Icebeg straik am]] for araund 23:40 ([[ship's taim]])[Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [[Eastan Taim Zoun]], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind [[Greenwich Mean Taim]]. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di [[Celestial navigashon|sta saihts]] of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai [[dead rekonin]]. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.]] on Sunday, 14 April 1912. Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [[Greenwich Mean Taim|GMT]]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di [[List of maritaim disastas for di 20th centuri#Peacetaim|dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori]].
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha [[stabod]] side and opun six of ha sixteen [[Kompatment (ship)|kompatments]] to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres [[flare]]s and radio ([[waiales telegrafi|waiales]]) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta [[Laifboat (shipbod)|laifboats]].
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of [[kold chok]] and [[Kold incapacitashon|incapacitashon]]. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di [[SOLAS Konvenshon|Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea]] (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/teams/southampton Sauthampton] to Niu Yok Citi. As di lajes ocean laina wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod [[Icebeg wey straik di Taitanik|wen an Icebeg straik am]] for araund 23:40 ([[ship's taim]]) [Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [[Eastan Taim Zoun]], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind Greenwich Mean Taim. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di [[Celestial navigashon|sta saihts]] of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai [[dead rekonin]]. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.]] on Sunday, 14 April 1912. Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [[Greenwich Mean Taim|GMT]]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di [[List of maritaim disastas for di 20th centuri#Peacetaim|dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori]].
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha [[stabod]] side and opun six of ha sixteen [[Kompatment (ship)|kompatments]] to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres [[flare]]s and radio ([[waiales telegrafi|waiales]]) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta [[Laifboat (shipbod)|laifboats]].
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of [[kold chok]] and [[Kold incapacitashon|incapacitashon]]. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di [[SOLAS Konvenshon|Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea]] (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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{{Databox}}
RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/teams/southampton Sauthampton] to Niu Yok Citi. As di lajes ocean laina wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod [[Icebeg wey straik di Taitanik|wen an Icebeg straik am]] for araund 23:40 ([[ship's taim]]) [Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [[Eastan Taim Zoun]], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind Greenwich Mean Taim. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di sta saihts of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai [[dead rekonin]]. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.]] on Sunday
, 14 April 1912. Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [[Greenwich Mean Taim|GMT]]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di [[List of maritaim disastas for di 20th centuri#Peacetaim|dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori]].
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha [[stabod]] side and opun six of ha sixteen [[Kompatment (ship)|kompatments]] to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres [[flare]]s and radio ([[waiales telegrafi|waiales]]) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta [[Laifboat (shipbod)|laifboats]].
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of [[kold chok]] and [[Kold incapacitashon|incapacitashon]]. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di [[SOLAS Konvenshon|Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea]] (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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{{Databox}}
RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/teams/southampton Sauthampton] to Niu Yok Citi. As di lajes ocean laina wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod wen an Icebeg straik am for araund 23:40 (ship's taim) (Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/est Eastan Taim Zoun], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind Greenwich Mean Taim. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di sta saihts of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai dead rekonin. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.) on Sunday 14 April 1912.
Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/gmt GMT]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori.
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha stabod side and opun six of ha sixteen kompatments to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres flares and radio (waiales) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta laifboats.
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of [[kold chok]] and [[Kold incapacitashon|incapacitashon]]. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di [[SOLAS Konvenshon|Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea]] (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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{{Databox}}
RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/teams/southampton Sauthampton] to Niu Yok Citi. As di lajes ocean laina wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod wen an Icebeg straik am for araund 23:40 (ship's taim) (Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/est Eastan Taim Zoun], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind Greenwich Mean Taim. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di sta saihts of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai dead rekonin. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.) on Sunday 14 April 1912.
Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/gmt GMT]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori.
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha stabod side and opun six of ha sixteen kompatments to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres flares and radio (waiales) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta laifboats.
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of kold chok and incapacitashon. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for [[sea traial]]s, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di [[gros rejista tonaij]] of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha [[reciprokaetin enjin]]s been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey [[Fes klas facilitis of di RMS Taitanik|fes klas akomodaeshon]] pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet [[promenaed dek|promenade]] kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di [[Amerikan Lain]] and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj [[Displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of [[Edwodian era|Edwodian]] sosaieti, from milionairas such as [[John Jekob Astor IV|John Jekob Astor]] and [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea kaptain)|Edwod Smith]] bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di [[White Sta Lain]] kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' [[koul bin]]s aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to [[J. Bruce Ismay]], di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' [[Bridj (nautikal)|bridj]]. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi [[Sea ice|pak ice]] and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, [[Jak Filips (waiales ofica)|Jak Filips]], feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for [[Kaep Raes]], Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica [[Harold Lowe]], di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di [[krou's nest]] and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/teams/southampton Sauthampton] to Niu Yok Citi. As di lajes ocean laina wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod wen an Icebeg straik am for araund 23:40 (ship's taim) (Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/est Eastan Taim Zoun], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind Greenwich Mean Taim. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di sta saihts of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai dead rekonin. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.) on Sunday 14 April 1912.
Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/gmt GMT]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori.
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha stabod side and opun six of ha sixteen kompatments to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres flares and radio (waiales) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta laifboats.
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of kold chok and incapacitashon. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for sea traials, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di gros rejista tonaij of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha reciprokaetin enjins been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey fes klas akomodaeshon pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet promenade kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di Amerikan Lain and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj displaesment kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of Edwodian sosaieti, from milionairas such as John Jekob Astor and Benjamin Guggenheim, to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain Edwod Smith bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di White Sta Lain kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' koul bins aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to J. Bruce Ismay, di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' bridj. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi pak ice and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, Jak Filips, feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for Kaep Raes, Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica Harold Lowe, di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di krou's nest and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica [[Charls Laitola]] to Fes Ofica [[Wiliam McMasta Murdoch|Wiliam Murdoch]]. Lukauts [[Frederik Fleet]] and [[Reginald Lee]] dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel [[Archibald Gracie IV|Archibald Gracie]], wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai [[pak ice]].
Although di air dey kle, [[niu moon|moon no dey]], and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus{{snd}}simila to wota miraj for desert{{snd}}wen ''Taitanik'' enta [[Atlantik Marin Ekozoun (CEC)|Icebeg Aley]]. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica [[Jems Paul Moodi|Jems Moodi]]. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta [[Robet Hichens (sailor)|Robet Hichens]] to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship [[tila]] to dey muvd aul di wei to [[stabod]] for an atempt to turn di ship to [[port (nautikal)|port]]. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di [[Enjin orda telegraf|ship telegrafs]].
Akodin to Foht Ofica [[Joseph Boxhaul]], Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva – to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am – but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." [[Faiaman (steam enjin)|Faiaman]] Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon [[Thomas Andrius (shipbuilda)|Thomas Andrius]], the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha [[displaesment (ship)|displaesment]] <!-- This term has been established as correct. Please discuss on Talk Page before changing. -->to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap?{{'"}} [[Jak Thaya]] kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
[[Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon]], rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Sinking of the RMS Titanic}}
{{Wikisource|Portal:RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic''}}
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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RMS ''[[Taitanik]]'' sink for di eli monin hauas of 15 April 1912 for di Nort Atlantik Ocean, on di foht day of ha maiden voyaij from [https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/teams/southampton Sauthampton] to Niu Yok Citi. As di lajes ocean laina wey dey in savis at dat taim, ''Taitanik'' been get an estimated 2,224 pipo on bod wen an Icebeg straik am for araund 23:40 (ship's taim) (Nout: At di taim of di kolishon, Di kluok-dem for di ''Taitanik'' been dey set to 2 hauas 2 minits ahead of di [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/est Eastan Taim Zoun], and 2 hauas 58 minits behaind Greenwich Mean Taim. Di taim for di ship been dey set to midnait, 13–14 April 1912, and dey bayzd on di expeted posishon of ''Taitanik'' at lokal aparent noon on 14 April, wey in turn dey bayzd on di sta saihts of di evenin of 13 April, adjusted bai dead rekonin. Due to di unfoldin disasta, ''Taitanik'' kluok-dem no dey adjusted at midnight of 14–15 April.) on Sunday 14 April 1912.
Ha sinkin tuw hauas and fohti minits afta at 02:20 ship taim (05:18 [https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/gmt GMT]) on Monday, 15 April, risolt for di kpaiyin of moh than 1,500 pipo, mekin am wan of di dedlies peastaim maritaim disastas for histori.
''Taitanik'' been riceiv six warnin of sea ice on 14 April but been dey travul for a speed of rofli 22kn|km/h wen ha lukauts saiht di icebeg. Unable to turn quikli enouf, di ship suffa a glancin blow wey bokul ha stabod side and opun six of ha sixteen kompatments to di sea. ''Taitanik'' been dey desaind to stay afloat wit flood for up to foh of ha forwod kompatments, and di kreu yuz distres flares and radio (waiales) mesaij-dem to atrat hep as di pasenja-dem enta laifboats.
In akodans wit existin praktis, di ''Taitanik'' laifboat system dey desaind to feri pasenjas to niabai reskeu vesuls, no bi to hold evribodi wey dey on bod simultaneousli; diafoh, wit di ship sinkin rapidli and hep stil hauas ewei, sayf refeuj no dey for plenti of di pasenjas and kreu wit onli twenti laifboats, inkludin foh kolapsibul laifboats. Poor prepareshon for and manejment of di evakuashon mean say dem launch plenti boats bifoh dem dey fuli komplit.
Di ''Taitanik'' sink wit ova a tausand pasenjas and kreu stil on bod. Almos aul of those wey jump or fall enta di sea drawn or kpai widin minits due to di efekt of kold chok and incapacitashon. RMS Kapatia araiv abaut an haua and a haf afta di sinkin and reskeu aul of di 710 sovaivos bai 09:15 on 15 April, som nain and a haf hauas afta di kolishon. Di disasta chok di wold and kaus waidspred autraij ova di lak of enouf laifboats, lax reguleshons, and di unequal treatment of third-klas pasenjas durin di evakueshon. Subsequent inquaiaris rekomend sweepin chenjis to maritaim reguleshons, wey lead to di establishment for 1914 of di Intaneshonal Konvenshon for di Saifti of Laif for Sea (SOLAS) wey stil dey govan maritaim saifti today.
== Background ==
[[File:RMS Titanic sea trials April 2, 1912 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Taitanik'' for sea traials, 2 April 1912]]
At di taim of ha entri into savis on 2 April 1912, di ''Taitanik'' been bi di sekond of tri, and been bi di lajes ship for di wold. Shi and di elia RMS Olympic been almost bi wan and a haf taims di gros rejista tonaij of Kunard own RMS Lusitania and RMS Mauretania, di previous rekod holdas, and been niali dey 100ft longa. Di ''Taitanik'' fit kari 3,547 pipo for speed and komfot, and been dey built for an unprecedented skayl. Ha reciprokaetin enjins been bi di lajes wey don eva dey biult, standin 40ft hai and wit cylindas 9ft in diameta requaiarin di burnin of 600LT of koul pa day.
Di akomodaeshon for pasenjas, espeshali di fes klas seshon, akodin to wetin pipo tok bi "of unraivald extent and magnificens", wey evun di fees wey fes klas akomodaeshon pruv to bi so. Di Paloh Siuits (di mos expensiv and mos luxurious siuits for di ship) wit praivaet promenade kost ova $4,350 as at di taim for a singul-wei transatlantik pasaij.
[[File:Titanic-and-Newyork.JPG|thumb|SS ''Niu Yok'' for ha nia kolishon wit di ''Taitanik'']]
Di ''Taitanik'' meiden voyaij begin shotli afta noon on 10 April 1912 wen shi leav Sauthampton on di fes leg of ha journey to Niu Yok. An acident almos hapun onli a fiu minits afta, as di ''Taitanik'' pas di moord lainas SS Citi of Niu Yok of di Amerikan Lain and ''Oceanik'' of di White Sta Lain, di last of which for bi ha runin mate for di savis from Sauthampton. Ha hiuj displaesment kaus di tuw smola ships to dey lifted by a bulj of wota and then drop into a trough. Di moorins of ''Niu Yok'' kaebuls no fit tek di soden strain and so snap up, wey kom swing ha araund stern-fes towods di ''Taitanik''. A niabai tugboat, ''Vulkan'', kom to di reskeu bai tekin ''Niu Yok'' unda tow, and ''Taitanik'' kaptain orda say mek dem put ha enjins to "ful stern". Di tuw ships avoid kolishon bai a distans. Di incident, as wel as a subsequent stop to offload a fiu straglas bai tug, delay di depacho of di ''Taitanik'' bai at mos tri-quatas of an haua, while efots dey on to bring di driftin ''Niu Yok'' unda kontrol.
Bai di taim di ''Taitanik'' depat weswods akros di Atlantik, shi dey kari 892 kreu membas and 1,320 pasenjas. Dis bi onli abaut haf of ha ful pasenja kapaciti of 2,435, as na for durin di low season and shipin from di UK been dey disrupted by a koul miners' straik. Ha pasenjas been bi a kros-seshon of Edwodian sosaieti, from milionairas such as John Jekob Astor and Benjamin Guggenheim, to poor emigrants from kontris such as Armenia, Ayriland, Itali, Sweden, Syria and Rossia wey dey seek for a niu laif for di United States.
[[File:1912 Titanic itinerary atlantic EN.svg|thumb|Di Atlantik pat of di ''Taitanik'' itinerari, from Fasnet Lait (Ayriland) to Ambros Lait for di viciniti of Niu Yok]]
62-year-old Kaptain Edwod Smith bi di kaptain of di ship, di mos senio of di White Sta Lain kaptains. Him been get foh dekaeds of seafarin experiens and been sav as kaptain of RMS Olympik, from whe dem transfa am to komand di ''Taitanik''. Di vast majoriti of di kreu wey sav am no bi traind sailors, but bi eida enjineers, faiamen, or stokas, wey dey responsibul for lukin afta di enjins; or stewods and galey staf, wey dey responsibul for di pasenjas. Di six wotch oficas and 39 abul seamen konstitiut onli araund faiv pa cent of di kreu, wit di majoriti joinin di ship wen e dey Sauthampton, and as a risolt lak di taim to familiaraiz demselvs wit di ship.
Di ice kondishons dey atributed to a mild winta wey kaus laj nombas of icebegs to shift off di wes koast of Greenland.
Faia been start for wan of di ''Taitanik'' koul bins aproximaetli 10 days prior to wen di ship depat, and kontinu to burn for several days into di voyaij, but dey ova on 14 April.<ref>[http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf Fire Down Below] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209234718/http://www.titanicology.com/Titanica/FireDownBelow.pdf |date=9 December 2019 |author=Samuel Halpern}}. Retrieved 7 January 2017.</ref>
== 14 April 1912 ==
=== Icebeg warnins ===
[[File:Titanic iceberg.jpg|thumb|Di icebeg wey plenti pipo don think say na am hit di ''Taitanik'', as fotografd di monin of 15 April 1912 bai di chief stewod of SS Prinz Adalbert. Di icebeg dey repoted to get a streak of red paint from a ship's hull along e wotalain for wan side.|alt=Black and white fotograf of a laj Icebeg wit tri "peaks".]]
On 14 April 1912, ''Taitanik'' radio operators receiv six mesaijis from oda ships wey dey warn abaut driftin ice, wey pasenjas for di ''Taitanik'' been don dey notis durin di aftanoon. Di ice kondishons for di Nort Atlantik been bi di wors for eni April for di previous 50 years (wey bi di reason whai di lukauts dey unaware say dem don dey steam enta a lain of driftin ice several miles wide and plenti miles long). No bi aul of diz mesaijis dey relayd bai di radio operators. At dat taim, aul waiales operators for ocean lainas bi emploiees of di Makoni's Waiales Telegraf Kompani and no bi membas of kreu of di ship; dia praimari responsibiliti bi send mesaijis for di pasenjas, wit weather repots as a sekondari konsain.
Di fes warnin kom bai 09:00 from RMS Karonia wey repot "begs, growlas: "A smol icebeg or ice floe wey dey beli visibul ova di surfais of wota." and field ice". Kaptain Smith aknowlej receipt of di mesaij. For 13:42, RMS Baltik relay a repot from di Greek ship ''Athenia'' say "icebegs and laj quantitis of field ice" shi dey strogul pass since. Smith, wey shou di repot to J. Bruce Ismay, di chiaman of di White Sta Lain, wey also dey travul for di ''Taitanik'' for ha meiden voyaij, also aknowlej receipt of dis mesaij. Smith orda say mek dem chenj kours, to tek di ship fada saut.
For 13:45, di Jerman ship SS Amerika, wey dey a short distans to the saut, repot say shi don "pas tuw laj icebegs". Dis mesaij no reach Kaptain Smith or di oda oficas for di ''Taitanik'' bridj. Di reason no dey kle, but e fit bi say bekaus di radio operators dey bizi dey fix faulti equipment, Dem forget to relay di mesaij.
SS Kalifonian repot "tri laj begs" for 19:30, and for 21:40, di steama ''Mesaba'' repot: "Si much heavi pak ice and great nomba laj icebegs. Also field ice." Dis mesaij, too, no komot from di ''Taitanik'' radio room. E fit bi say di radio operator, Jak Filips, feil to grasp e signifikans bekaus him dey preokupaid wit transmitin mesaijis for pasenjas via di relay steshon for Kaep Raes, Niufaundland; di radio set been break dawn di previous day, wey resolt for a baklog of mesaijis wey di tuw operators dey trai to kle. Dem receiv a fainal warnin for 22:30 from operator Cyril Evans of ''Kalifornian'', wey been dey halted during di nait for wan ice field som miles ewei, but Filips kut am off and signal bak: "Shut up! Shut up! I dey wok Kaep Raes."
Although di kreu dey aware of ice for di viciniti, dem no redius di speed of di ship, and kontinu to steam at 22 knots, onli 2 knots short of ha maximum speed. ''Taitanik'' hai speed for wotas whe ice don dey repoted dey kritisaizd afta as rekles, but e reflekt standad maritaim praktis at dat taim. Akodin to Fift Ofica Harold Lowe, di kustom bi "to ga ahead and depend upon di lukauts for di krou's nest and di wotch for di bridj to pik up di ice in taim to avoid hitin am".
=== "Iceberg, raiht ahead!" ===
==== ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley ====
[[File:1912 Titanic at night EN.png|thumb|Di icebeg and di ''Taitanik'' for nait. Approximaet representashon wit saiz komparison.]]
As ''Taitanik'' aproach ha fatal kolishon, mos pasenjas been don alreadi dey dia bed, and komand of di bridj don pas from Sekond Ofica Charls Laitola to Fes Ofica Wiliam Murdoch. Lukauts Frederik Fleet and Reginald Lee dey di krou's nest, 29m abov di dek. Di air temperecho don fall to nia freezin, and di ocean dey komplitli kalm. Afta, Kolonel Archibald Gracie, wan of di sovaivors of di disasta, rait say "di sea bi laik glas, so smooth sotey di stas det reflekt kleli." Wi don sabi nau say such excepshonali kalm wota bi a sign of niabai pak ice.
Although di air dey kle, moon no dey, and wit di sea so kalm, notin dry to giv ewei di posishon of di niabai icebegs; if to say di sea dey rofa, waves wey dey break against di icebegs for mek dem dey moh visibul. Bekaus of a mix-up for Sauthampton, di lukauts no get bainokulas; haueva, binokulas repotedli for no fit dey efetiv for di daknes, wey dey total except for stalait and di ship own laits. Nondiles, di lukauts dey wel aware of di ice hazad, as Laitola been orda dem and oda kreu membas to "keep a shap luk-aut for ice, patikulali smol ice and growlas".
For 23:30, Fleet and Lee notis a slaiht haze for di horaizon ahead of dem, but no mek enitin of am. Som expats nau biliv say dis haze achuali bi a miraj wey kold wota wey meet warm air kaus to wota miraj for desert ''Taitanik'' enta Icebeg Aley. Dis ga risolt for a raizd horaizon, blaind di lukauts from spotin enitin wey dey fa ewei.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |title=A Niu Luk at Necho's Rol in di sinkin of di Taitanik |first=Wiliam J. |last=Brod |date=9 April 2012 |work=Di Niu Yok Taims |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163335/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/science/a-new-look-at-natures-role-in-the-titanics-sinking.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center">{{cite web |title=Whe Icebeg Aley dey |website=U.S. Koast Guard Navigeshon Centa |url=https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |access-date=15 April 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190613/https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=iipWhereIsIcebergAlley |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Kolishon====
[[File:Titanic porting around English.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Taitanik'' kours durin ha atempted "port araund"]]
[[File:Walker - An Unsinkable Titanic (1912) page 125.jpg|thumb|Drauin of di Icebeg kolishon]]
Nain minits afta, for 23:39, Fleet spot an Icebeg for ''Taitanik'' pat. Him ring di lukauts bel tri taims and telefon di bridj to infom Sixt Ofica Jems Moodi. Fleet ask say, "E get eniwan wey dey dia?" Moodi replai tok say, "Yes, wetin you dey si?" Fleet replai tok say, "Icebeg, raiht ahead!" Afta thankin Fleet, Moodi relay di mesaij giv Murdoch, wey kom orda Quatamasta Robet Hichens to chenj di ship kours. Murdoch dey jenerali bilivd to giv di orda "hard a-stabod", wey ga risolt for di ship tila to dey muvd aul di wei to stabod for an atempt to turn di ship to port. Dis revasal of dairekshons, wen wi trai to kompe am to moden praktis, dey komon for British ships of dat era. Him also ring "ful astern" for di ship telegrafs.
Akodin to Foht Ofica Joseph Boxhaul, Murdoch tel Kaptain Smith say him been wan atempt to "hard-a-port araund [di Icebeg]", wey dey sojes say him been dey atemt a "port araund" manoeuva to fes swing di bow araund di obstakul, then swing di stern so dat both ends of di ship ga avoid a kolishon. Delay dey befoh eida orda enta into efet; di steam-pawad steerin mekanisim tek up to 30 sekonds to turn di ship tila, and di komplex task of setin di enjins enta revas ga also don tek som taim to akomplish. Bekaus say di central turbine no fit enta revas, both am and di central propela, wey dey posishon dairetli for front of di ship rudda, dey stopped. Dis redius di efetivnes of di rudda, wey diafoh impe di turnin abiliti of di ship. If to say Murdoch turn di ship while maintainin ha forwod speed, maybe ''Taitanik'' for mis di Icebeg wit feet to spare. Evidens dey say Murdoch simpli signal di enjin room say mek dem stop, no bi revas. Lead Faiaman Frederik Barrett testifai say di stop lait kom on, but say evun dat orda no dey exekuted befoh di kolishon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-17|title=Dem put Taitanik enjins enta revas befoh di acident? > Tim Maltin|url=https://timmaltin.com/2019/03/17/titanics-engines-reverse/|access-date=2021-08-10|website={{Wikidata entity link|Q119846417}}|language=en-UK}}</ref>
For di event, ''Taitanik'' daireshon chenj jos in taim to avoid a head-on kolishon, but di chenj in daireshon kaus di ship to straik di Icebeg wit a glancin blow. An undawota spur of ice skraip along di stabod side of di ship for abaut sevun sekonds; chunks of ice dislodj from uppa pats of di beg and fall enta di forwod deks of di ship. Abaut faiv minits afta di kolishon, aul of ''Taitanik'' enjins don dey stopped, leavin diwey dey fais nort and di ship slouli drift saut for di [[Labrador Korent]].
==== Efets of di kolishon ====
[[File:Iceberg and titanic (en).svg|thumb|Di icebeg bukul di plaets, pop rivets and damaij a sequens of
Kompatments. (Side viu.)|alt=Daiagram wey dey shou hau di Icebeg buckul di hull of di Taitanik, wey kaus di riveted plaets to kom apat.]]
Di impat wit di Icebeg dey long thought to prodius a hiuj opunin for di hull of di ''Taitanik'', "wey no dey les than 300ft for lengt, 10ft abov di levul of di keel", as wan raita put am afta.
Abov di wotalain, na litul evidens of di kolishon dey at aul. Di stiwods for di fes klas dainin room notis a shudda, wey dem tink say na bekaus didon shed a propela blaid. Plenti of di pasenjas feel a bump or shudda – "jos as though wi went ova abaut a thousand mabuls",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|title=Testimoni of Mrs J Stuart White for di US Inquaiari|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133550/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq12White01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> as wan sovaivor put am but no dey aware of wetin hapun. Those for di lowes deks, wey dey niara di sait of di kolishon, feel am much moh dairetli. Enjin Oila Walta Hurst rimemba say him and odas dey "awakend bai a grindin krash along di stabod side. No wan dey veri much alarmd but wi sabi say wi don straik somtin." Faiaman Jeorj Kemish hear wan "heavi thud and grinding tearin saund" from di stabod hull.
[[File:Titanic sinking gif.gif|alt=|thumb|''Taitanik'' sink for tuw hauas and 40 minits.]]
Kaptain Smith feel di kolishon for him kabin and imediaetli kom di bridj. Wen dem infom am abaut di situashon, him somon Thomas Andrius, the biulda of di ''Taitanik'', wey dey among a set of enjineers from Haland and Wolf wey dey obsav di ship fes pasenja voyaij.
From di taim of di kolishon to di moment of ha sinkin, at least 35000LT of wota flood enta ''Taitanik'', and kaus ha displaesment to niali doubul from 48300LT to ova 83000LT.
== 15 April 1912 ==
=== Preparin to abandon ship ===
[[File:EJ Smith2.jpg|thumb|alt=Fotograf of a bearded man wey dey wea a white kaptain unifom wit krosd arms|Kaptain [[Edwod Smith (sea captain)|Edwod Smith]] in 1911]]
For 00:05 on 15 April, Kaptain Smith orda say mek di ship's laifboats dey unkovad and di pasenjas mustad. Bai nau, plenti pasenjas dey weik, havin notis say di enjins and dia akompaniyin vaibrashons don sodenli stop. Him also orda say mek di radio operators begin send distres kols, wey wrongli plaes di ship for di the wes side of di ice belt and dairet reskeuas to posishon wey dey inakuraet bai abaut 13.5nmi|mi km.
[[File:The Sad Parting - no caption.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Di Sad Patin'', ilustreshon of 1912|alt=Ilustreshon wuman wey dey krai evun as wan man dey trai to komfot am for di slopin dek of a ship.]]
=== Last minits of sinkin ===
[[File:Titanic the sinking.jpg|thumb|Ilustreshon of di sinkin of di ''Taitanik'']]
For abaut 02:15, ''Taitanik'' angul for di wota begin inkreas rapidli as wota pour enta previousli unflooded pats of di ship thru dek hatchis. Ha sodenli inkreasin angul kaus wetin wan sovaivor kol a "jaiant wave" to wash along di ship from di forwod end of di boat dek, wey sweep plenti pipo enta di sea.
Afta anoda minit, di ship laits flika wans and then pamanentli ga aut, plungin ''Taitanik'' into daknes. Jak Thaya rimemba say him si "grups of di fifteen hundred pipo wey stil dey abod, dey kling for klustas or bunchis, laik swamin bees; onli to fall in masis, peirs or singuli as di great aftapat of di ship, tuw hundred fifti feet of am, raiz enta di sky."
==== ''Taitanik'' fainal moments ====
[[File:Titanic's sinking stern.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Imajind viu of ''Taitanik'' fainal plunj]]
''Taitanik'' dey subjeted to extrim oposin fosis – di flooded bow dey pul ha dawn while di air for di stern keep ha to di surfais – which dey koncentrated for wan of di weakest points for di strukcho. Di ship disapia from viu for 02:20, 2 hauas and 40 minits afta e straik di Icebeg.
=== Pasenjas and kreu for di wota ===
[[File:Titanic watch.jpg|thumb|Poket wotch wey dem retriev from di wrek sait, e stop and dey shou a taim of 2:28|alt=Fotograf of a bras poket wotch on a stand, wit a silva chain kurld araund di bayz. Di wotch hand dey read 2:28.]]
For di imediaet aftamat of di sinkin, hundreds of pasenjas and kreu dey stranded dey kpai for di icy sea, soraunded bai debris from di ship. ''Taitanik'' disintegreshon durin ha descent to di seabed kaus buoyant chunks of debris – timba beams, wooden doors, furnicho, panelin and chunks of cork from di bulkheads – to roket to di surfais. Diz injo and posibli kil som of di swimas; odas yuz di debris to trai to keep demselvs afloat.
Those wey dey saefli for di laifboats dey horifaid to hear di saund of wetin Lawrens Beesley kol "evri posibul emoshon of human fear, despe, agoni, fias resentment and blaind anga mingul – I dey cetain of those – wit nouts of infinit surprise, as though each wan dey tok say, 'Hau kom e dey posibul say dis awful tin dey hapun to ''mi''? Dat I ga dey kauht for dis death trap? Jak Thaya kompe am to di saund of "lokusts for a summa nait", while Jeorj Rheims, wey jump moments befoh ''Taitanik'' sink, deskraib am as "a dismal moanin saund wey I no ga eva forget; e kom from those poor pipo wey dey float araund, dey kol for hep. E dey horifaiyin, mysterious, supanachoral."
Di nois of di pipo for di wota dey skream, yel, and krai bi a tremendous chok to di okupants of di laifboats. As Beesley rait afta, di krais "kom as a thundabolt, unexpeted, inkonsivabul, inkredibul. No wan for eni of di boats wey dey stand off a fiu hundred yards ewei fit eskayp di paralysin chok of di awarenes say so short a distans ewei a trajedi, unbilivabul for e magnitiud, dey hapun, wey wi, heples, no fit avert or diminish in eni wei."
Afta abaut twenti minits, di krais begin faed as di swimas laps enta unkonsciousnes and death.
Luci, Laedi Duff-Gordon, rimemba say afta di disasta sey "di veri las krai bi dat of wan man wey been dey hala loudli: 'My God! My God!' Him krai monotonousli, for a dull, hoeples wei. For an entaia haua, na awful chorus of shrieks been dey, wey graduali kpai enta a hoeples moan, until dis las krai wey I tok of. Then evriwhe silent." For som sovaivors, di dead sailens wey folo dey wors than evun di krais for hep.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robbins |first1=William |title=SKREAMS, THEN SEA'S SAILENS, STIL HAUNT 5 SOVAIVORS OF TITANIC |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/us/screams-then-sea-s-silence-still-haunt-5-survivors-of-titanic.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Di Niu Yok Taims]] |date=April 18, 1982}}</ref> Lowe and him kreu faind foh men been wey stil dey alaiv, wan of them kpai shortli aftawods. Odawaiz, aul dem fit si bi "hundreds of bodis and laifbelts"; di dead "seem as if dem perish wi di kold as dia limbs aul dey krampd up".
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
===Buks===
* {{cite book
| last = Aldridge
| first = Rebecca
| year = 2008
| title = The Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic0000aldr
| publisher = Infobase Publishing
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-7910-9643-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Ballard
| first = Robert D.
| year = 1987
| title = The Discovery of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan0000unse
| publisher = Warner Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-446-51385-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barczewski
| first = Stephanie
| year = 2006
| title = ''Titanic'': A Night Remembered
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85285-500-0
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Barratt
| first = Nick
| year = 2010
| title = Lost Voices From the ''Titanic'': The Definitive Oral History
| url = https://archive.org/details/lostvoicesfromti0000barr_o3c5
| publisher = Random House
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-84809-151-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Bartlett
| first = W.B.
| year = 2011
| title = ''Titanic'': 9 Hours to Hell, the Survivors' Story
| publisher = Amberley Publishing
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-1-4456-0482-4
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanic9hourstoh0000bart
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Beesley
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1960
| orig-year = 1912
| chapter = The Loss of the SS ''Titanic''; its Story and its Lessons
| title = The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyoftitanicas0000unse_y5z4
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Björkfors
| first = Peter
| year = 2004
| chapter = The Titanic Disaster and Images of National Identity in Scandinavian Literature
| title = The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicinmythmem0000unse
| editor1-last = Bergfelder
| editor1-first = Tim
| editor2-last = Street
| editor2-first = Sarah
| publisher = I.B. Tauris
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-85043-431-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David G.
| year = 2000
| title = The Last Log of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-07-136447-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Butler
| first = Daniel Allen
| year = 1998
| title = Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS ''Titanic''
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA
| isbn = 978-0-8117-1814-1
| url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst00butl
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Chirnside
| first = Mark
| year = 2004
| title = The ''Olympic''-class ships : ''Olympic'', ''Titanic'', ''Britannic''
| publisher = Tempus
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Cox
| first = Stephen
| year = 1999
| title = The ''Titanic'' Story: Hard Choices, Dangerous Decisions
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicstoryhard0000coxs
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Open Court Publishing
| location = Chicago
| isbn = 978-0-8126-9396-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1987
| title = ''Titanic'': Destination Disaster: The Legends and the Reality
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-0-85059-868-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Eaton
| first1 = John P.
| last2 = Haas
| first2 = Charles A.
| year = 1994
| title = ''Titanic'': Triumph and Tragedy
| publisher = Patrick Stephens
| location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire
| isbn = 978-1-85260-493-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Everett
| first = Marshall
| year = 1912
| title = Wreck and Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| publisher = Homewood Press
| location = Chicago
| oclc = 558974511
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Fitch
| first1 = Tad
| last2 = Layton
| first2 = J. Kent
| last3 =Wormstedt | first3 = Bill
| year = 2012
| title = On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic
| publisher = Amberley Books
| isbn = 978-1848689275
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Foster
| first = John Wilson
| year = 1997
| title = The ''Titanic'' Complex
| publisher = Belcouver Press
| location = Vancouver
| isbn = 978-0-9699464-1-0
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Georgiou
| first = Ioannis
| date = <!--2 November -->2000
| journal = Atlantic Daily Bulletin
| title = The Animals on board the ''Titanic''
| publisher = British Titanic Society
| location = Southampton
| issn = 0965-6391
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Gittins
| first1 = Dave
| last2 = Akers-Jordan
| first2 = Cathy
| last3 = Behe
| first3 = George
| year = 2011
| chapter = Too Few Boats, Too Many Hindrances
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gleicher
| first = David
| year = 2006
| title = The Rescue of the Third Class on the ''Titanic'': A Revisionist History
| url = https://archive.org/details/rescueofthirdcla0000glei
| series = Research in Maritime History, No. 31
| publisher = International Maritime Economic History Association
| location = St. John's, Newfoundland
| isbn = 978-0-9738934-1-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 1913
| title = The Truth about the ''Titanic''
| publisher = M. Kennerley
| location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitani00grac
}}
** Also published as: {{cite book
| last = Gracie
| first = Archibald
| year = 2009
| title = Titanic: A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicsurvivors0000grac
| publisher = The History Press
| isbn = 978-0-7509-4702-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Halpern
| first = Samuel
| year = 2011
| chapter = Account of the Ship's Journey Across the Atlantic
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Halpern
| first1 = Samuel
| last2 = Weeks
| first2 = Charles
| year = 2011
| chapter = Description of the Damage to the Ship
| title = Report into the Loss of the SS ''Titanic'': A Centennial Reappraisal
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossofsstitanicc0000unse
| editor-last = Halpern
| editor-first = Samuel
| publisher = The History Press
| location = Stroud, Gloucestershire
| isbn = 978-0-7524-6210-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hoffman
| first1 = William
| last2 = Grimm
| first2 = Jack
| year = 1982
| title = Beyond Reach: The Search For The ''Titanic''
| publisher = Beaufort Books
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8253-0105-6
| url = https://archive.org/details/beyondreachsearc00hoff
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Howells
| first = Richard Parton
| title = The Myth of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/mythoftitanic0000howe
| year = 1999
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-312-22148-5
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Hutchings
| first1 = David F.
| last2 = de Kerbrech
| first2 = Richard P.
| year = 2011
| title = RMS ''Titanic'' 1909–12 (''Olympic'' Class): Owners' Workshop Manual
| url = https://archive.org/details/rmstitanic1909120000hutc
| location = Sparkford, Somerset
| publisher = Haynes
| isbn = 978-1-84425-662-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Kuntz
| first = Tom
| year = 1998
| title = The ''Titanic'' Disaster Hearings
| url = https://archive.org/details/titanicdisasterh00kunt
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Pocket Book
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-56865-748-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9
| year = 1976
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 2005
| orig-year = 1955
| title = A Night to Remember
| url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_s3c4
| publisher = St. Martin's Griffin
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8050-7764-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lord
| first = Walter
| year = 1987
| title = The Night Lives On
| publisher = Penguin Books
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-670-81452-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lynch
| first = Donald
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'': An Illustrated History
| publisher = Hyperion
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-786-86401-0
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marcus
| first = Geoffrey
| year = 1969
| title = The Maiden Voyage
| publisher = Viking Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-670-45099-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/maidenvoyage00marc
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Marshall
| first = Logan
| year = 1912
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic'' and Great Sea Disasters
| publisher = The John C. Winston Co
| location = Philadelphia
| oclc = 1328882
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = McCarty
| first1 = Jennifer Hooper
| last2 = Foecke
| first2 = Tim
| year = 2012
| orig-year = 2008
| title = What Really Sank The Titanic – New Forensic Evidence
| publisher = Citadel
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-0-8065-2895-3
| url = https://archive.org/details/whatreallysankti0000mcca
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Mills
| first1 = Simon
| year = 1993
| title = RMS Olympic – The Old Reliable
| publisher = Waterfront Publications
| location = Dorset
| isbn = 0-946184-79-8
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mowbray
| first = Jay Henry
| title = Sinking of the ''Titanic''
| url = https://archive.org/details/sinkingoftitanic00mowb
| year = 1912
| publisher = The Minter Company
| location = Harrisburg, PA
| oclc = 9176732
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Parisi
| first = Paula
| year = 1998
| title = ''Titanic'' and the Making of James Cameron
| publisher = Newmarket Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-364-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Regal
| first = Brian
| year = 2005
| title = Radio: The Life Story of a Technology
| url = https://archive.org/details/radiolifestoryof0000rega
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| location = Westport, CT
| isbn = 978-0-313-33167-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Jeffrey
| year = 2001
| title = Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953
| url = https://archive.org/details/imperialismmusic0000rich
| publisher = Manchester University Press
| location = Manchester
| isbn = 978-0-7190-6143-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Turner
| first = Steve
| year = 2011
| title = The Band that Played On
| publisher = Thomas Nelson
| location = Nashville, TN
| isbn = 978-1-59555-219-8
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/bandthatplayedon0000turn
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Verhoeven
| first = John D.
| year = 2007
| title = Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
| url = https://archive.org/details/steelmetallurgyf0000verh
| publisher = ASM International
| location = Materials Park, OH
| isbn = 978-0-87170-858-8
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last = Winocour
| editor-first = Jack
| year = 1960
| title = The Story of the ''Titanic'' as told by its Survivors
| url = https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog
| publisher = Dover Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 978-0-486-20610-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zumdahl
| first1 = Steven S.
| last2 = Zumdahl
| first2 = Susan A.
| year = 2008
| title = Chemistry
| publisher = Cengage Learning
| location = Belmont, CA
| isbn = 978-0-547-12532-9
}}
===Journal articles===
* {{cite journal
| title = What really sank the Titanic?
| journal = Materials Today
| volume = 11
| issue = 10
| pages = 48
| date = 26 September 2008
| publisher = [[Elsevier]]
| url = http://www.materialstoday.com/view/1618/what-really-sank-the-titanic/
| access-date = 4 March 2012
| doi = 10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70224-4
| last1 = Foecke
| first1 = Tim
| doi-access = free
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010539/https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Maltin
| first = Tim
| date = March 2012
| title = Did the Titanic Sink Because of an Optical Illusion?
| journal = [[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]
| url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Did-the-Titanic-Sink-Because-of-an-Optical-Illusion.html
| publisher = [[Smithsonian Institution]]
| access-date = 15 April 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010546/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/did-the-titanic-sink-because-of-an-optical-illusion-102040309//
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Ryan
| first = Paul R.
| date = Winter 1985–1986
| title = The ''Titanic'' Tale
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 4
| issue = 28
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
| url = https://archive.org/stream/oceanusv2804wood#page/n3/mode/2up
| ref = {{sfnRef|Ryan|1985}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Uchupi
| first1 = Elazar
| last2 = Ballard
| first2 = Robert D.
| last3 = Lange
| first3 = William N.
| date = Fall 1986
| title = Resting in Pieces: New Evidence About ''Titanic{{'}}s'' Final Moments
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oceanus_fall-1986_29_3/page/53
| journal = Oceanus
| volume = 29
| issue = 3
| pages = 53–60
| publisher = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
| location = Woods Hole, MA
}}
===News reports===
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 8 April 1997
| title = Toppling Theories, Scientists Find 6 Slits, Not Big Gash, Sank ''Titanic''
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 5 November 2011
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010549/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/08/science/toppling-theories-scientists-find-6-slits-not-big-gash-sank-titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Broad
| first = William J.
| date = 15 April 2008
| title = In Weak Rivets, a Possible Key to Titanic's Doom
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all
| access-date = 13 March 2012
| archive-date = 31 August 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200831010558/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/15/science/15titanic.html?pagewanted=all%2F
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Ewers
| first = Justin
| date = 25 September 2008
| title = The Secret of How the Titanic Sank
| newspaper = U.S. News & World Report
| url = https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk?
| access-date = 11 April 2012
| archive-date = 23 April 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200423183105/https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk
| url-status = live
}}
===Investigations===
* {{cite web
| title = Passenger List and Survivors of Steamship ''Titanic''
| date = 30 July 1912
| work = United States Senate Inquiry
| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| access-date = 5 June 2011
| archive-date = 26 April 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426031821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/USReport/AmInqRep03.php#a7
| url-status = live
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Mersey
| first = Lord
| author-link = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey
| year = 1999
| orig-year = 1912
| title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912
| url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse
| publisher = The Stationery Office
| isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}
}}
* {{cite news
| last = Portman
| first = Jamie
| title = U.K. Titanic exhibit an off-season draw
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = 12 November 1994
| ref = {{sfnRef|Portman 12 November 1994}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|access-date = 12 February 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140822142553/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRep01.php
|archive-date = 22 August 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Watertight Compartments)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014858/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepWC.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Report on the Loss of the "Titanic." (s.s.)
|date = 30 July 1912
|work = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry, Final Report (Description of Damage)
|url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|access-date = 14 April 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010506/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepObserv.php
|archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Encyclopedia Titanica: facts and research about the ship and her sinking]
* [http://www.titanicology.com/FloodingByCompartment.html Flooding by Compartment (Samuel W. Halpern)]
* [http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1912/04/16/ TimesMachine browser] – ''The New York Times'', Tuesday, 16 April 1912
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== Organising Feminism and Folklore ==
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | 350px | right]]
Hello Community Organizers,
Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia.
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'''Ogbonnaya Onu''' CON (dem [[bon]] am on 1 December 1951 - e kpai on 11 April 2024) na [[Naija]] politishan, buk raita an engineer bifor e kpai on 11 April 2024. Na im bi di fest govnor wey dem vote for in [[Abia State]] an na im bi di bifor bifor Naija minista of science, technology an innovation fom November 2015 rish wen e sey e no dey du in 2022. Na im bi di minista wey don sarf pas for di ministry.<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-will-improve-energy-generation-supply-minister/</ref>
==Im life tori==
Dem [[bon]] Ogbonnaya Onu on 1 December 1951, insaid di famili of Eze David Aba Onu wey dey Amata, Uburu, Ohaozara Lokal Govmet Aria of bifor bifor Eastern region, wey kon chenj to Imo Stet, stil chenj to Abia State an nau Ebonyi State Nigeria. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/profile-of-dr-ogbonnaya-onu-minister-of-science-and-technology/</ref>E stat im edukashon for Izzi High School wey dey Abakaliki, wey bi Ebonyi State Kapita nau. Na fom dia e get im West Afrika Certifikate Examination. E rait im High School Examination for College of Immaculate Conception (C.I.C) Enugu, wia e finish as best student. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/the-ogbonnaya-onu-that-i-know/</ref>E kon go University of Lagos an finish wit first klas digre insaid Chemical engineering in 1976. E kon go University of California, Berkeley, an e get Doktor of Philosophy digre in chemical engineering in 1980. Onu kpai on 11 April 2024, Wen e dey 72 years old.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/685232-ogbonnaya-onu-first-civilian-governor-of-abia-is-dead.html</ref>
==Im wok==
Afta e finish fom di Universiti of Lagos, Ogbonnaya Onu du tichin wok for Augustine's Seminary, Ezzamgbo, Ebonyi State. Afta e finish im doctoral stodi at di Universiti of California, Berkeley, Onu kon bi lecturer insaid di department of Chemical Engineering of Universiti of Port Harcourt, an leta bi di oga kpatakpata of di department. E sarf as aktin Deen of di faculty of Engineering an dey vote am as memba of di Governing Council of di Universiti.
==Hau e tek du politis wok==
Ogbonnaya stat I'm politis wok wen e trai toenta as senato for old Imo Stet onda National Party of Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [[President Muhammadu Buhari]]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari. Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [[President Muhammadu Buhari]]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari.
==Awods==
Onu na certified memba of Council for di Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. E dey insaid Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers.
In October 2022, dem giv am Naija Nashonal Honors of Commander of di Order of Niger (CON) na President Muhammadu Buhari giv am.
==Katakata wey hapun==
Onu tok sey Naija go dey produs pencil by 2018 wey go mek 400,000 Naija pipu get wok. Wen 2019 rish Naija Neva stat to dey produs pencil. In 1999, e dey insaid katakata wey hapun for APP/AD afta e pick Olu Falae as pesin wey go stand for President insaid eleshon.
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{{Databox}}
'''Ogbonnaya Onu''' CON (dem [[bon]] am on 1 December 1951 - e kpai on 11 April 2024) na [[Naija]] politishan, buk raita an engineer bifor e kpai on 11 April 2024. Na im bi di fest govnor wey dem vote for in [[Abia State]] an na im bi di bifor bifor Naija minista of science, technology an innovation fom November 2015 rish wen e sey e no dey du in 2022. Na im bi di minista wey don sarf pas for di ministry.<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-will-improve-energy-generation-supply-minister/</ref>
==Im life tori==
Dem [[bon]] Ogbonnaya Onu on 1 December 1951, insaid di famili of Eze David Aba Onu wey dey Amata, Uburu, Ohaozara Lokal Govmet Aria of bifor bifor Eastern region, wey kon chenj to Imo Stet, stil chenj to Abia State an nau Ebonyi State Nigeria. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/profile-of-dr-ogbonnaya-onu-minister-of-science-and-technology/</ref>E stat im edukashon for Izzi High School wey dey Abakaliki, wey bi Ebonyi State Kapita nau. Na fom dia e get im West Afrika Certifikate Examination. E rait im High School Examination for College of Immaculate Conception (C.I.C) Enugu, wia e finish as best student. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/the-ogbonnaya-onu-that-i-know/</ref>E kon go University of Lagos an finish wit first klas digre insaid Chemical engineering in 1976. E kon go University of California, Berkeley, an e get Doktor of Philosophy digre in chemical engineering in 1980. Onu kpai on 11 April 2024, Wen e dey 72 years old.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/685232-ogbonnaya-onu-first-civilian-governor-of-abia-is-dead.html</ref>
==Im wok==
Afta e finish fom di Universiti of Lagos, Ogbonnaya Onu du tichin wok for Augustine's Seminary, Ezzamgbo, Ebonyi State. Afta e finish im doctoral stodi at di Universiti of California, Berkeley, Onu kon bi lecturer insaid di department of Chemical Engineering of Universiti of Port Harcourt, an leta bi di oga kpatakpata of di department. E sarf as aktin Deen of di faculty of Engineering an dey vote am as memba of di Governing Council of di Universiti.
==Hau e tek du politis wok==
Ogbonnaya stat I'm politis wok wen e trai toenta as senato for old Imo Stet onda National Party of Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [[President Muhammadu Buhari]]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari. Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [[President Muhammadu Buhari]]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari.
==Awods==
Onu na certified memba of Council for di Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. E dey insaid Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers.
In October 2022, dem giv am Naija Nashonal Honors of Commander of di Order of Niger (CON) na President Muhammadu Buhari giv am.
==Katakata wey hapun==
Onu tok sey Naija go dey produs pencil by 2018 wey go mek 400,000 Naija pipu get wok. Wen 2019 rish Naija Neva stat to dey produs pencil. In 1999, e dey insaid katakata wey hapun for APP/AD afta e pick Olu Falae as pesin wey go stand for President insaid eleshon.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
4nvh46p8e6e4i5b3k48cba13va7kvh4
36653
36652
2026-09-03T14:10:47Z
Jessephu
1537
36653
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ogbonnaya Onu''' CON (dem [[bon]] am on 1 December 1951 - e kpai on 11 April 2024) na [[Naija]] politishan, buk raita an engineer bifor e kpai on 11 April 2024. Na im bi di fest govnor wey dem vote for in [[Abia State]] an na im bi di bifor bifor Naija minista of science, [[:en:Technology|technology]] an innovation fom November 2015 rish wen e sey e no dey du in 2022. Na im bi di minista wey don sarf pas for di ministry.<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-will-improve-energy-generation-supply-minister/</ref>
==Im life tori==
Dem [[bon]] Ogbonnaya Onu on 1 December 1951, insaid di famili of Eze David Aba Onu wey dey Amata, Uburu, Ohaozara Lokal Govmet Aria of bifor bifor Eastern region, wey kon chenj to Imo Stet, stil chenj to Abia State an nau Ebonyi State Nigeria. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/profile-of-dr-ogbonnaya-onu-minister-of-science-and-technology/</ref>E stat im edukashon for Izzi High School wey dey Abakaliki, wey bi Ebonyi State Kapita nau. Na fom dia e get im West Afrika Certifikate Examination. E rait im High School Examination for College of Immaculate Conception (C.I.C) Enugu, wia e finish as best student. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/the-ogbonnaya-onu-that-i-know/</ref>E kon go University of Lagos an finish wit first klas digre insaid Chemical engineering in 1976. E kon go University of California, Berkeley, an e get Doktor of Philosophy digre in chemical engineering in 1980. Onu kpai on 11 April 2024, Wen e dey 72 years old.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/685232-ogbonnaya-onu-first-civilian-governor-of-abia-is-dead.html</ref>
==Im wok==
Afta e finish fom di Universiti of Lagos, Ogbonnaya Onu du tichin wok for Augustine's Seminary, Ezzamgbo, Ebonyi State. Afta e finish im doctoral stodi at di Universiti of California, Berkeley, Onu kon bi lecturer insaid di department of Chemical Engineering of Universiti of Port Harcourt, an leta bi di oga kpatakpata of di department. E sarf as aktin Deen of di faculty of Engineering an dey vote am as memba of di Governing Council of di Universiti.
==Hau e tek du politis wok==
Ogbonnaya stat I'm politis wok wen e trai toenta as senato for old Imo Stet onda National Party of Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [[President Muhammadu Buhari]]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari. Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [[President Muhammadu Buhari]]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari.
==Awods==
Onu na certified memba of Council for di Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. E dey insaid Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers.
In October 2022, dem giv am Naija Nashonal Honors of Commander of di Order of Niger (CON) na President Muhammadu Buhari giv am.
==Katakata wey hapun==
Onu tok sey Naija go dey produs pencil by 2018 wey go mek 400,000 Naija pipu get wok. Wen 2019 rish Naija Neva stat to dey produs pencil. In 1999, e dey insaid katakata wey hapun for APP/AD afta e pick Olu Falae as pesin wey go stand for President insaid eleshon.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
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36654
36653
2026-09-03T14:12:00Z
Jessephu
1537
36654
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ogbonnaya Onu''' CON (dem [[bon]] am on 1 December 1951 - e kpai on 11 April 2024) na [[Naija]] politishan, buk raita an engineer bifor e kpai on 11 April 2024. Na im bi di fest govnor wey dem vote for in [[Abia State]] an na im bi di bifor bifor Naija minista of science, [[:en:Technology|technology]] an innovation fom November 2015 rish wen e sey e no dey du in 2022. Na im bi di minista wey don sarf pas for di ministry.<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-will-improve-energy-generation-supply-minister/</ref>
==Im life tori==
Dem [[bon]] Ogbonnaya Onu on 1 December 1951, insaid di famili of Eze David Aba Onu wey dey Amata, Uburu, Ohaozara Lokal Govmet Aria of bifor bifor Eastern region, wey kon chenj to Imo Stet, stil chenj to Abia State an nau Ebonyi State Nigeria. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/profile-of-dr-ogbonnaya-onu-minister-of-science-and-technology/</ref>E stat im edukashon for Izzi High School wey dey Abakaliki, wey bi Ebonyi State Kapita nau. Na fom dia e get im West Afrika Certifikate Examination. E rait im High School Examination for College of Immaculate Conception (C.I.C) Enugu, wia e finish as best student. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/the-ogbonnaya-onu-that-i-know/</ref>E kon go University of Lagos an finish wit first klas digre insaid Chemical engineering in 1976. E kon go University of California, Berkeley, an e get Doktor of Philosophy digre in chemical engineering in 1980. Onu kpai on 11 April 2024, Wen e dey 72 years old.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/685232-ogbonnaya-onu-first-civilian-governor-of-abia-is-dead.html</ref>
==Im wok==
Afta e finish fom di Universiti of Lagos, Ogbonnaya Onu du tichin wok for Augustine's Seminary, Ezzamgbo, Ebonyi State. Afta e finish im doctoral stodi at di Universiti of California, Berkeley, Onu kon bi lecturer insaid di department of Chemical Engineering of Universiti of Port Harcourt, an leta bi di oga kpatakpata of di department. E sarf as aktin Deen of di faculty of Engineering an dey vote am as memba of di Governing Council of di Universiti.
==Hau e tek du politis wok==
Ogbonnaya stat I'm politis wok wen e trai toenta as senato for old Imo Stet onda National Party of Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari President Muhammadu Buhari]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari. Nigeria (NPN).
E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari President Muhammadu Buhari]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari.
==Awods==
Onu na certified memba of Council for di Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. E dey insaid Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers.
In October 2022, dem giv am Naija Nashonal Honors of Commander of di Order of Niger (CON) na President Muhammadu Buhari giv am.
==Katakata wey hapun==
Onu tok sey Naija go dey produs pencil by 2018 wey go mek 400,000 Naija pipu get wok. Wen 2019 rish Naija Neva stat to dey produs pencil. In 1999, e dey insaid katakata wey hapun for APP/AD afta e pick Olu Falae as pesin wey go stand for President insaid eleshon.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
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36656
36654
2026-09-03T14:15:13Z
Jessephu
1537
36656
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ogbonnaya Onu''' CON (dem [[bon]] am on 1 December 1951 - e kpai on 11 April 2024) na [[Naija]] politishan, buk raita an engineer bifor e kpai on 11 April 2024. Na im bi di fest govnor wey dem vote for in [[Abia State]] an na im bi di bifor bifor Naija minista of science, [[:en:Technology|technology]] an innovation fom November 2015 rish wen e sey e no dey du in 2022. Na im bi di minista wey don sarf pas for di ministry.<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-will-improve-energy-generation-supply-minister/</ref>
==Im life tori==
Dem [[bon]] Ogbonnaya Onu on 1 December 1951, insaid di famili of Eze David Aba Onu wey dey Amata, Uburu, Ohaozara Lokal Govmet Aria of bifor bifor Eastern region, wey kon chenj to Imo Stet, stil chenj to Abia State an nau Ebonyi State Nigeria. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/profile-of-dr-ogbonnaya-onu-minister-of-science-and-technology/</ref>E stat im edukashon for Izzi High School wey dey Abakaliki, wey bi Ebonyi State Kapita nau. Na fom dia e get im West Afrika Certifikate Examination. E rait im High School Examination for College of Immaculate Conception (C.I.C) Enugu, wia e finish as best student. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/the-ogbonnaya-onu-that-i-know/</ref>E kon go University of Lagos an finish wit first klas digre insaid Chemical engineering in 1976. E kon go University of California, Berkeley, an e get Doktor of Philosophy digre in chemical engineering in 1980. Onu kpai on 11 April 2024, Wen e dey 72 years old.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/685232-ogbonnaya-onu-first-civilian-governor-of-abia-is-dead.html</ref>
==Im wok==
Afta e finish fom di Universiti of Lagos, Ogbonnaya Onu du tichin wok for Augustine's Seminary, Ezzamgbo, Ebonyi State. Afta e finish im doctoral stodi at di Universiti of California, Berkeley, Onu kon bi lecturer insaid di department of Chemical Engineering of Universiti of Port Harcourt, an leta bi di oga kpatakpata of di department. E sarf as aktin Deen of di faculty of Engineering an dey vote am as memba of di Governing Council of di Universiti.
==Hau e tek du politis wok==
Ogbonnaya stat I'm politis wok wen e trai toenta as senato for old Imo Stet onda National Party of Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari President Muhammadu Buhari]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari. Nigeria (NPN).
E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari President Muhammadu Buhari]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari.
==Awods==
Onu na certified memba of Council for di Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. E dey insaid Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers.
In October 2022, dem giv am Naija Nashonal Honors of Commander of di Order of Niger (CON) na President Muhammadu Buhari giv am.
==Katakata wey hapun==
Onu tok sey Naija go dey produs pencil by 2018 wey go mek 400,000 Naija pipu get wok. Wen 2019 rish Naija Neva stat to dey produs pencil. In 1999, e dey insaid katakata wey hapun for APP/AD afta e pick Olu Falae as pesin wey go stand for President insaid eleshon.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Pipu wey dey alaif]]
adjhuuyc832yt5b8ubrtw769er0dzv8
36657
36656
2026-09-03T14:15:48Z
Jessephu
1537
/* Katakata wey hapun */
36657
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ogbonnaya Onu''' CON (dem [[bon]] am on 1 December 1951 - e kpai on 11 April 2024) na [[Naija]] politishan, buk raita an engineer bifor e kpai on 11 April 2024. Na im bi di fest govnor wey dem vote for in [[Abia State]] an na im bi di bifor bifor Naija minista of science, [[:en:Technology|technology]] an innovation fom November 2015 rish wen e sey e no dey du in 2022. Na im bi di minista wey don sarf pas for di ministry.<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-will-improve-energy-generation-supply-minister/</ref>
==Im life tori==
Dem [[bon]] Ogbonnaya Onu on 1 December 1951, insaid di famili of Eze David Aba Onu wey dey Amata, Uburu, Ohaozara Lokal Govmet Aria of bifor bifor Eastern region, wey kon chenj to Imo Stet, stil chenj to Abia State an nau Ebonyi State Nigeria. <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/profile-of-dr-ogbonnaya-onu-minister-of-science-and-technology/</ref>E stat im edukashon for Izzi High School wey dey Abakaliki, wey bi Ebonyi State Kapita nau. Na fom dia e get im West Afrika Certifikate Examination. E rait im High School Examination for College of Immaculate Conception (C.I.C) Enugu, wia e finish as best student. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/the-ogbonnaya-onu-that-i-know/</ref>E kon go University of Lagos an finish wit first klas digre insaid Chemical engineering in 1976. E kon go University of California, Berkeley, an e get Doktor of Philosophy digre in chemical engineering in 1980. Onu kpai on 11 April 2024, Wen e dey 72 years old.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/685232-ogbonnaya-onu-first-civilian-governor-of-abia-is-dead.html</ref>
==Im wok==
Afta e finish fom di Universiti of Lagos, Ogbonnaya Onu du tichin wok for Augustine's Seminary, Ezzamgbo, Ebonyi State. Afta e finish im doctoral stodi at di Universiti of California, Berkeley, Onu kon bi lecturer insaid di department of Chemical Engineering of Universiti of Port Harcourt, an leta bi di oga kpatakpata of di department. E sarf as aktin Deen of di faculty of Engineering an dey vote am as memba of di Governing Council of di Universiti.
==Hau e tek du politis wok==
Ogbonnaya stat I'm politis wok wen e trai toenta as senato for old Imo Stet onda National Party of Nigeria (NPN). E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari President Muhammadu Buhari]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari. Nigeria (NPN).
E go for govnor of Abia State in 1991 onda Nashonal Repoblikan Convention an e win. Dem swear am in as fest exekutiv govnor of Abia State in January 1992. Na im bi di fest chairman, Conference of Nigeria govnors. In 1999, na im kom out as president for All People's Party but leta giv am to Olu Falae afta im parti an Alliance for Democracy join togeda who leta luz to Olusegun Obasanjo of di PDP. Na im bi Nashonal parti chairman of di All Nigerian People's Party in 2010. In 2013, im parti (ANPP), Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Democratic People's Party (DPP) an som membas of di All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) kom togeda to fom All Progressives Congress (APC). In November 2015, dem put am as Minista of Science an Teknologi by [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammadu-Buhari President Muhammadu Buhari]. On 21 August 2019, na im stil dem put as Minista of Science an Teknologi by President Muhammadu Buhari.
==Awods==
Onu na certified memba of Council for di Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria. E dey insaid Nigeria Society of Chemical Engineers.
In October 2022, dem giv am Naija Nashonal Honors of Commander of di Order of Niger (CON) na President Muhammadu Buhari giv am.
==Katakata wey hapun==
Onu tok sey Naija go dey produs pencil by 2018 wey go mek 400,000 Naija pipu get wok. Wen 2019 rish [[Naija]] Neva stat to dey produs pencil. In 1999, e dey insaid katakata wey hapun for APP/AD afta e pick Olu Falae as pesin wey go stand for President insaid eleshon.
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Katigori:Pipu wey dey alaif]]
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Gabon
0
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2026-09-04T00:07:38Z
Jessephu
1537
36683
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Gabon''', wey dem dey call am '''Gabonese Republic''' for official mata, na kontri wey dey for Atlantic coast side for [https://www.britannica.com/place/central-Africa Central Africa], just where [[:en:Equator|equator]] dey pass. E get boundary with Equatorial Guinea for northwest, Cameroon for north, Republic of di Congo for east and south, and Gulf of Guinea for west.
Di kontri land cover about 270,000 square kilometres, and population reach around 1 million pipo dey stay dia. Di land scape get different parts: coastal plains (dat flat land near water), mountains like Cristal Mountains and Chaillu Massif wey dey for di middle, and savanna (open grassland) for di east side. Libreville na dia capital and di biggest city wey dey dere.
== Tins wey don hapun ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
cjy3ly80dmfbgm8knifwnukk4qyf44c
36684
36683
2026-09-04T00:08:05Z
Jessephu
1537
36684
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Gabon''', wey dem dey call am '''Gabonese Republic''' for official mata, na kontri wey dey for Atlantic coast side for [https://www.britannica.com/place/central-Africa Central Africa], just where [[:en:Equator|equator]] dey pass. E get boundary with Equatorial Guinea for northwest, Cameroon for north, Republic of di Congo for east and south, and Gulf of Guinea for west.
Di kontri land cover about 270,000 square kilometres, and population reach around 1 million pipo dey stay dia. Di land scape get different parts: coastal plains (dat flat land near water), mountains like Cristal Mountains and Chaillu Massif wey dey for di middle, and savanna (open grassland) for di east side. Libreville na dia capital and di biggest city wey dey dere.
== Tins wey don hapun ==
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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36685
36684
2026-09-04T00:14:57Z
Jessephu
1537
36685
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Gabon''', wey dem dey call am '''Gabonese Republic''' for official mata, na kontri wey dey for Atlantic coast side for [https://www.britannica.com/place/central-Africa Central Africa], just where [[:en:Equator|equator]] dey pass. E get boundary with Equatorial Guinea for northwest, Cameroon for north, Republic of di Congo for east and south, and Gulf of Guinea for west.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Gabon</ref>
Di kontri land cover about 270,000 square kilometres, and population reach around 1 million pipo dey stay dia. Di land scape get different parts: coastal plains (dat flat land near water), mountains like Cristal Mountains and Chaillu Massif wey dey for di middle, and savanna (open grassland) for di east side. Libreville na dia capital and di biggest city wey dey dere.<ref>https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/country/gabon</ref>
== Tins wey don hapun ==
Di pipu wey fest liv for Gabon na rainforest hunter-gatherer pipu wey dem sabi as Bambenga.for 13th century BCE, Bantu pipu dem later liv for di area. <ref>https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop00appi/page/2095</ref>
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
5xzz7nmby7mjtdprd3k69wzgne30esu
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'''Gabon''', wey dem dey call am '''Gabonese Republic''' for official mata, na kontri wey dey for Atlantic coast side for [https://www.britannica.com/place/central-Africa Central Africa], just where [[:en:Equator|equator]] dey pass. E get boundary with Equatorial Guinea for northwest, Cameroon for north, Republic of di Congo for east and south, and Gulf of Guinea for west.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Gabon</ref>
Di kontri land cover about 270,000 square kilometres, and population reach around 1 million pipo dey stay dia. Di land scape get different parts: coastal plains (dat flat land near water), mountains like Cristal Mountains and Chaillu Massif wey dey for di middle, and savanna (open grassland) for di east side. Libreville na dia capital and di biggest city wey dey dere.<ref>https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/country/gabon</ref>
== Tins wey hapun ==
Di pipu wey fest liv for Gabon na rainforest hunter-gatherer pipu wey dem sabi as Bambenga.for 13th century BCE, Bantu pipu dem later liv for di area. <ref>https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop00appi/page/2095</ref>
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
j8692snmw8wfzjjo9o6pbx9e7a7u3v3
Diche Enunwa
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{{Databox}}
'''Diche Enunwa''' na Nigerian pesin wey dey rait fim script an dey produs fim.
==How e tek stat wok==
Diche an Temitope Bolade-Akinbode stat one kompini wey dem kol Writers Ink Concepts for 2015. Sins dat taime, dem don rait meni fim script togeda, lik Namaste Wahala, wey bi Netflix fim.
For 2015, dem two get nomination for Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards as Best Comedy Writer bikos of di fim. When Love Happens.
==Fim wey Diche don rait==
Diche don rait or hep rait plenti fims. Ci di list:
written.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|2015
|''...When Love Happens''
|Co writer
|Received nominations at the 2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards in three categories
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Weruche Opia, Udoka Oyeka, Enyinna Nwigwe in trailer {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/when-love-happens-again-watch-weruche-opia-udoka-oyeka-enyinna-nwigwe-in-trailer-2024080419095518299 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en |archive-date=2025-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211112204/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/when-love-happens-again-watch-weruche-opia-udoka-oyeka-enyinna-nwigwe-in-trailer-2024080419095518299 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-17 |title=The Latest on New Shows, Channel Launches and More {{!}} DStv {{!}} AMVCA nominees announced |url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-nominees-announced/111365 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=web.archive.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417025208/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-nominees-announced/111365 |archive-date=2015-04-17}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|In Line (film)|''In Line''
|Co Raiter
|
|
|-
|2020
|''Namaste Wahala ''
|Co Raiter
|Released as a global Netflix original on 14 February 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Namaste Wahala' Trailer Video: Ini Dima Okojie and Ruslaan Mumtaz starrer 'Namaste Wahala' Official Trailer Video {{!}} Entertainment - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/mx-play/english/namaste-wahala-trailer-video-ini-dima-okojie-and-ruslaan-mumtaz-starrer-namaste-wahala-official-trailer-video/videoshow/80743425.cms |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Business Insider Africa |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Dear Affy''
|Co Raiter
|
|
|-
|2020
|''Mama Drama (film)|Mama Drama''
|Co Raita
|
|
|-
|2020
|''Finding Hubby''
|Co Raita
|
|
|-
|2021
|''Finding Hubby 2''
|Co Raita
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-05 |title=Netflix announces Anikulapo, Finding Hubby 2, Collision Course, others for September streaming |url=https://guardian.ng/arts-2/netflix-announces-anikulapo-finding-hubby-2-collision-course-others-for-september-streaming/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Sanitation Day''
|Co Raita
|Released on Netflix on 21 July 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's all you need to know about Filmone's crime thriller 'Sanitation Day' {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-filmones-crime-thriller-sanitation-day-2024081622593372576 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Fine Wine (film)|Fine Wine''
|Co Raita
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-26 |title=“Fine Wine” Review: Seyi Babatope's Romantic Drama Comes Close To Being a Classic - Afrocritik |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/fine-wine-seyi-babatopes/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''Offshoot''
|Co raita
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2023-11-19 |title=Breaking Chains: Offshoots' Courageous Battle of Wits and Vice |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/breaking-chains-offshoots-courageous-battle-of-wits-and-vice/amp/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''On the Edge''
|Co produsa
|Premiered on Amazon Prime Video
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captivating film 'On the Edge' premieres on Prime Video ...stars Uzor Arukwe, Zainab Balogun, more {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/captivating-new-film-on-the-edge-premieres-on-prime-video-2024072700225167634 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''Wedding Night Blues''
|Produsa
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=“Wedding Night Blues” Review: A Daring Take on Marital Travail |url=https://culturecustodian.com/wedding-night-blues-review-a-daring-take-on-marital-travail/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|}
==Awods==
Eko Star Awards, 2021
==Wia dem gada tori==
ln3skf74fvk5cmqg6twmdw0rlraf8xa
2025 Niger State school kidnap
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On di 21st of November, 2025, some gun men carry 315 people komot from St Mary's School for Papiri, [[Niger State]], [[Naija]]. Up till now, no group don claim say dem do di attack. Di people wey dem carry include 303 students and 12 teachers.
All di other schools for Niger State, plus plenty schools for di states wey near dem, don close down indefinitely because of di attack. [2] Later, 50 of dem manage run away and don go back to their families.
== Di tori ==
Di skul dey Papiri, for di northern edge of Kainji Lake, Nigeria.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-school-abductions-dc3eaa3f1b9d910211e4a2af959ee7a9</ref> before di kidnaping, na 629 student dem di skul put insaid.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/22/security-fears-rise-in-nigeria-after-more-than-300-taken-mass-school-kidnapping</ref> faiv big kidnaping don hapun since president tinubu mount seat for 2023.<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-22/nigeria-shuts-schools-after-mass-seizure-of-students-within-days</ref> Di place were di kidnaping hapun don dey face kidnaping tey-tey.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/24/nigeria-school-kidnapping-whos-behind-it-why-were-children-targeted</ref>
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Wahala wey dey burst for Naija wey dem dey attack church and mosque.]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
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{{Databox}}
On di 21st of November, 2025, some gun men carry 315 people komot from St Mary's School for Papiri, [[Niger State]], [[Naija]]. <ref>https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-school-abductions-dc3eaa3f1b9d910211e4a2af959ee7a9</ref>Up till now, no group don claim say dem do di attack. Di people wey dem carry include 303 students and 12 teachers.
All di other schools for Niger State, plus plenty schools for di states wey near dem, don close down indefinitely because of di attack. [2] Later, 50 of dem manage run away and don go back to their families.
== Di tori ==
Di skul dey Papiri, for di northern edge of Kainji Lake, Nigeria.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-school-abductions-dc3eaa3f1b9d910211e4a2af959ee7a9</ref> before di kidnaping, na 629 student dem di skul put insaid.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/22/security-fears-rise-in-nigeria-after-more-than-300-taken-mass-school-kidnapping</ref> faiv big kidnaping don hapun since president tinubu mount seat for 2023.<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-22/nigeria-shuts-schools-after-mass-seizure-of-students-within-days</ref> Di place were di kidnaping hapun don dey face kidnaping tey-tey.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/24/nigeria-school-kidnapping-whos-behind-it-why-were-children-targeted</ref>
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Wahala wey dey burst for Naija wey dem dey attack church and mosque.]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
bmaxnzm66lqztu4s3cp6u2fvnks8mo1
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{{Databox}}
On di 21st of November, 2025, some gun men carry 315 people komot from St Mary's School for Papiri, [[Niger State]], [[Naija]]. <ref>https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-school-abductions-dc3eaa3f1b9d910211e4a2af959ee7a9</ref>Up till now, no group don claim say dem do di attack. Di people wey dem carry include 303 students and 12 teachers.
All di other schools for Niger State, plus plenty schools for di states wey near dem, don close down indefinitely because of di attack. Later, 50 of dem manage run away and don go back to their families.
== Di tori ==
Di skul dey Papiri, for di northern edge of Kainji Lake, Nigeria.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-school-abductions-dc3eaa3f1b9d910211e4a2af959ee7a9</ref> before di kidnaping, na 629 student dem di skul put insaid.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/22/security-fears-rise-in-nigeria-after-more-than-300-taken-mass-school-kidnapping</ref> faiv big kidnaping don hapun since president tinubu mount seat for 2023.<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-22/nigeria-shuts-schools-after-mass-seizure-of-students-within-days</ref> Di place were di kidnaping hapun don dey face kidnaping tey-tey.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/24/nigeria-school-kidnapping-whos-behind-it-why-were-children-targeted</ref>
== Wie dem gada di tori ==
[[Category:Wahala wey dey burst for Naija wey dem dey attack church and mosque.]]
[[Category:Shot atikul dem]]
e86u5vrvcxplewyf26vy6s4je81fr35
Yuza tok abaut am:Joshuacode
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== Abeg rait wel for Nigerian pidgin ==
[pcm] Helo. Tank yu for wetin yu don put for Nigerian Pidgin Wikipedia. I notis sey som of ya edits dey yuz spelin an grama wey difren from di raitin stai wey wi dey yuz wel wel for dis Nigerian Pidgin Wikipedia. I si say yu neva folo di advais wey dem giv yu. E bi laik say na chenj yu dey chenj wod from anoda langwej an no bi transleshon yu dey du for meni pat. Tank yu. [[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis|tok]]) 22:37, 19 June 2026 (WAT)
:I go deh improv am small small nah my first tim bi dis, Tank you for checking mi wok [[Yuza:Joshuacode|Joshuacode]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Joshuacode|tok]]) 11:43, 20 June 2026 (WAT)
==Writing Naija Pidgin with the correct orthography==
I appreciate your effort in trying to contribute to Naija Pidgin Wikipedia. Well-done. Please, kindly take your time to study and understand the writing style used in this Wikipedia before creating pages. This will greatly reduce the work of cleaning up your articles. Thanks
[[Yuza:Biowikician|Biowikician]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Biowikician|tok]]) 21:20, 6 July 2026 (WAT)
== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.<br>
'''What the tool does'''<br>
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.
'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''
* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
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<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:17, 11 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Discussion ==
Discussion dey go on for [[WP:Admin domot]], and we go laik mek yu put mouth. [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 15:12, 20 August 2026 (WAT)
== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==
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This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Today, Saturday, August 29th, 2026, 01:00–02:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
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<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 14:30, 28 August 2026 (WAT)
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Video call link: https://meet.google.com/eov-gbgn-rew
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<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 00:44, 4 September 2026 (WAT)
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jo02xlq5fsdyxypivr106ivmclw74vd
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== Abeg rait wel for Nigerian pidgin ==
[pcm] Helo. Tank yu for wetin yu don put for Nigerian Pidgin Wikipedia. I notis sey som of ya edits dey yuz spelin an grama wey difren from di raitin stai wey wi dey yuz wel wel for dis Nigerian Pidgin Wikipedia. I si say yu neva folo di advais wey dem giv yu. E bi laik say na chenj yu dey chenj wod from anoda langwej an no bi transleshon yu dey du for meni pat. Tank yu. [[Yuza:Jonywikis|Jonywikis]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jonywikis|tok]]) 22:37, 19 June 2026 (WAT)
:I go deh improv am small small nah my first tim bi dis, Tank you for checking mi wok [[Yuza:Joshuacode|Joshuacode]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Joshuacode|tok]]) 11:43, 20 June 2026 (WAT)
==Writing Naija Pidgin with the correct orthography==
I appreciate your effort in trying to contribute to Naija Pidgin Wikipedia. Well-done. Please, kindly take your time to study and understand the writing style used in this Wikipedia before creating pages. This will greatly reduce the work of cleaning up your articles. Thanks
[[Yuza:Biowikician|Biowikician]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Biowikician|tok]]) 21:20, 6 July 2026 (WAT)
== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.<br>
'''What the tool does'''<br>
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.
'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''
* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.
Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.
Best regards,
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:17, 11 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Discussion ==
Discussion dey go on for [[WP:Admin domot]], and we go laik mek yu put mouth. [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 15:12, 20 August 2026 (WAT)
== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
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<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 14:30, 28 August 2026 (WAT)
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<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 00:44, 4 September 2026 (WAT)
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c4naljlfqo773yy6e8kcqp3ma3f3623
Yuza tok abaut am:Mbataw
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== Abeg mek yu no dey put tins enihau ==
Tank yu for wetin yu don put for dis Wikipedia. Abeg mek yu no dey jos put tins enihau for dis Wikipedia. An mek yu dey rait for koret Naijá Wikipedia langwej. Ya wok bi laik sey yu dey "spam" dis Wikipedia an yu dey mek am had to fit wosh. Yu jos dey put enitin wey yu laik for di pej-dem. I go faind taim dey klin wetin yu put wey dey skata-skata di pej-dem. [[Yuza:Pingponging|Pingponging]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Pingponging|tok]]) 04:47, 4 August 2026 (WAT)
:Tank yu for your hepfu advis. Abeg no vex if wetin i been dey put dey skata skata di pej dem. I been dey yuz one kind Wikipedia script dey add category dem and "no sors tempulat" for Atikul dem wey no get sos. Abeg if wetin i been do dey bad i go help dey remove am, but i go need your hep for something so that we fit work together remove am if e dey skata skata di Atiku dem. Tank yu @[[Yuza:Pingponging|Pingponging]] [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 08:05, 4 August 2026 (WAT)
== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Tool ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
As one of the active editors on this Wikipedia, you're invited by the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development Language Onboarding and Development] initiative to learn about the Starter Kit, try it out, and join a virtual meeting where you can ask questions about the tool.<br>
'''What the tool does'''<br>
The Starter Kit helps small or new Wikipedia contributors complete essential tasks, like importing infoboxes, tracking your wiki's growth and health metrics, and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance. Some features require certain user rights, but three of the six tasks are open to any autoconfirmed editor, so most active editors can get started right away.
'''Here's what we would like you to do:'''
* Read the manual for more detail on the tool and the tasks you can perform: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit
* Access the Starter Kit tool: https://starterkit.toolforge.org/ and log in with your Wikimedia account to try it out.
* Sign up for one of three virtual meetings: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Office_hours, where you can:
** Learn more about the tool.
** Ask questions and share your thoughts.
Thank you so much for using the tool, and we look forward to your attending the virtual meeting.
Best regards,
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:17, 11 August 2026 (WAT)
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{{Welcome}} [[Yuza:Wmbata|Wmbata]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata|tok]]) 09:37, 18 August 2026 (WAT)
== Reminder: Starter Kit Virtual Meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Today, Saturday, August 29th, 2026, 01:00–02:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.
If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_2:_Saturday_29_August_2026,_01:00_UTC
See you soon!
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 14:30, 28 August 2026 (WAT)
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== Reminder: Starter Kit virtual meeting ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
Greetings!
This is a friendly reminder to attend the third [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit Starter Kit] virtual meeting.
Date and time: '''Saturday, September 5th, 2026, 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1787965200 check your local time here])
Video call link: https://meet.google.com/eov-gbgn-rew
This is a casual session where you can learn more about the Starter Kit tool, ask any questions, and share your thoughts; no need to have tried the tool beforehand.
If you haven't signed up yet, you can do so here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit/Office_hours#Session_3:_Saturday_5_September_2026,_05:00_UTC
See you soon!
</div>
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 00:44, 4 September 2026 (WAT)
(This message was sent to [[:Yuza tok abaut am:Wmbata]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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Tok abaut am:Isaiah Egedegbe
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/* Gud wok */ new section
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== Gud wok ==
i laik di wok wey yu do wel done [[Yuza:Jessephu|Jessephu]] ([[Yuza tok abaut am:Jessephu|tok]]) 14:59, 3 September 2026 (WAT)
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Katigori:Pipu dem bon for 2003
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Created page with "Pipu dem bon for 2003"
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Pipu dem bon for 2003
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Katigori:Pipu wey dey alaif
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Pipu wey dey alaif
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Abubakar Atiku Bagudu
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Biowikician
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Created page with "'''Abubakar Atiku Bagudu''' (dey [[bon]] 26 December 1961) na [[Naija]] politishan wey bi di Naija minista of bodjet an ekonomik plani. Bagudu na [[Kebbi State|Kebbi Stet]] gofnor fom 2015 go rish 2023. E don du sinetor wey repiset Kebbi Sentra Senetoriha district fom 2009 go rish 2015."
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'''Abubakar Atiku Bagudu''' (dey [[bon]] 26 December 1961) na [[Naija]] politishan wey bi di Naija minista of bodjet an ekonomik plani. Bagudu na [[Kebbi State|Kebbi Stet]] gofnor fom 2015 go rish 2023. E don du sinetor wey repiset Kebbi Sentra Senetoriha district fom 2009 go rish 2015.
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'''Abubakar Atiku Bagudu''' (dey [[bon]] 26 December 1961) na [[Naija]] politishan wey bi di Naija minista of bodjet an ekonomik plani. Bagudu na [[Kebbi State|Kebbi Stet]] gofnor fom 2015 go rish 2023. E don du sinetor wey repiset Kebbi Sentra Senetoriha district fom 2009 go rish 2015.
==Hau e tek stat laif an go skul==
Bagudu famili get moni wel wel. E papa na di daretor of pamari edukeshon in Kebbi Stet. Bagudu go [[Usmanu Danfodiyo University| Usmanu Danfodiyo Yunivasiti]], Sokoto go rid ekonomik an e kolet B.Sc satifiket. E du im masta for [[University of Jos|Yunivasiti of Jos]]. Bagudu du M.A (Intanashonal Affairs).
Bugudu mari Zainab Bagudu.
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/* Hau e tek stat laif an go skul */
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'''Abubakar Atiku Bagudu''' (dey [[bon]] 26 December 1961) na [[Naija]] politishan wey bi di Naija minista of bodjet an ekonomik plani. Bagudu na [[Kebbi State|Kebbi Stet]] gofnor fom 2015 go rish 2023. E don du sinetor wey repiset Kebbi Sentra Senetoriha district fom 2009 go rish 2015.
==Hau e tek stat laif an go skul==
Bagudu famili get moni wel wel. E papa na di daretor of pamari edukeshon in Kebbi Stet. Bagudu go [[Usmanu Danfodiyo University| Usmanu Danfodiyo Yunivasiti]], Sokoto go rid ekonomik an e kolet B.Sc satifiket. E du im masta for [[University of Jos|Yunivasiti of Jos]]. Bagudu du M.A (Intanashonal Affairs).
Bugudu mari Zainab Bagudu.
==Hau im tek put bodi for politis mata==
For 2009, Bagudu bikom sinetor for di Kebbi Sentra Senetrariha sit. E tek ova fom [[Adamu Aliero]] wen Aliero liv di posishon to bikom Minista for FCT dorin [[Goodluck Jonathan]] in December 2008.
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